LUIS RODRÍGUEZ MANZANERA PROFESOR TITULAR DE CRIMINOLOGÍA EN LA UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL AUTÓNOMA AUTÓNOMA DE MÉXICO Y EN LA UNIVERSIDAD LA SALLE. MIEMBRO DE NÚMERO DE LA ACADEMIA MEXICANA DE CIENCIAS PENALES Y DE LA ACADEMIA MEXICANA DE CRIMINALÍSTICA. PRESIDENTE DE LA SOCIEDAD MEXICANA DE CRIMINOLOGÍA
CRIMINOLOGÍA SEGUNDA EDICIÓN
EDITORIAL PORRÚA, S. A. AV. REPÚBLICA ARGENTINA, 15 MÉXICO, 1981 Pr!"r# "$%&', 19(9
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P"+2#*66, 557, M%* 1:, D. ;. E+2# "$%&' / +4+ %#r#%2"r+2%#+ %#r#%2"r+2%#+ +*' 3r*3"$#$ $" #
EDITORIAL PORR
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DfPHESO £N liCÉXIOO PRINTED IN MÉXICO
ISBN 987:X
A !+ )F*+ Luis Francisco y María de la Luz
I' M"!*r#! Alfonso Quiroz Quiroz Cuarón
19119(8H
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PRIMERA PARTE
LA CIENCIA CRIMINOLÓGICA iNTRODUCÓN Cai!ulo "# LA CRIMINOLOGÍA
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SEGUNDA PARTE
QISTORIA DE LA CRIMINOLOGÍA INTRODUCCIÓN 17 Cai!ulo $"#
;ASE PRECIENTÍ;ICA DE LA CRIMINOLOGÍA
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APLICACIONES CRIMINOLÓGICAS iNTRODUCÓN #$% Caí!ulo %%# CRIMINOCÉNESIS Y CRIMINODIN^MICA
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Caí!ulo %%"# LA CRIMINALIDAD EN MÉXICO
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PRIMERA PARTE
LA CIENCIA CRIMINOLÓGICA
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S" 4+# "' *+ >r*+ $" Cr!'**0K#, 3*r * 0"'"r#, $"F#r "+2# 3#r2" # '# $" # *>r#, 3"r* 3*r # !3*r2#'%# $" 2"!# 3r""r!*+ 2r#2#r* "' "+2# 3r!"r# 3#r2". L# P*K2%# Cr!'*&0%# "+ " 34'2* $" 4'&', "+ " 34"'2" $" 3#2#, @4" )# r"4'$* # 2*$#+ #+ C"'%#+ P"'#"+J 0r#%#+ # "# !4%)#+ '=2"+ $+342#+ )#' %"+#$*, / '*+ "'%*'2r#!*+ "' 4' !*!"'2* $" #%"r%#!"'2* )#%# 4'# !"2# %*!=' # 3r""'%&' $" #+ %*'$4%2#+ #'2+*_#"+. P*r !"$* $" # P*K2%# Cr!'*&0%#, #+ C"'%#+ P"'#"+ +" %*'"r2"' "' #0* !+ @4" +!3"+ $#0#%*'"+ #%#$!%#+, +" 2r#'+*r!#' "' ""%2*+ '+2r4!"'2*+ $" %#!>* +*%#, $" >"'"+2#r / $" F4+2%# +*%#. CAPITULO I LA CRIMINOLOGÍA 1. C*'%"32*.:. D"'%*'"+.. E 2r!'* Cr!'**0K#. 7, C#+"+ $" Cr!'**0K#.5. L# Cr!'**0K# %*!* C"'%#. . L# C"'%# Cr!'*&0%#.(. E *>F"2* $" # Cr!'**0K#. 8. D"'$&' `4r"# $" O>F"2*.9. C*'$4%U A'2+*%# / D"2*.1. ;*r!#+ $" C*'$4%2#.11. T3*+ $" S4F"2*.1:. Cr!"', Cr!'#, Cr!'#$#$.1, L# Cr!'**0K# C#4+#. 17. L* E3%#2* "' Cr!'**0K#.15. L# Cr!'**0K# %*!* C"'%# N#24r# / C424r#.1. ;'#$#$ $" # Cr!'**0K#. 1.1. CONCEPTO C*!* 34'2* $" 3#r2$# 3#r# $"+#rr*#r " 3r"+"'2" %#3K24*, %*'+$"r#!*+ # # Cr!'**0K# %*!* 4'# Ciencia (in!'!ic)* causal exlica!i+a, na!ural y cul!ural de las conduc!as an!isociales# L# #'2"r*r $"'%&' 4" #%4#$# "' M%*, # 3r'%3* 3*r $*' MARIANO RUIZ ;UNES 195:H, / $"+34+ %*!3"2#$# / 3"r"%%*'#$# 3*r " !#"+2r* ?UIROZ CUARÓN._ E' 4' 3r'%3*, R46 ;UNES %*'+$"r#># # # Cr!'**0K# %*!* %"'%# +'22%# / "!3Kr%#, +4+ K!2"+ "+2' F#$*+ 3*r +4 %*'2"'$* " "+24$* 2r3" $" $"'%4"'2" / $" $"2* >#F* *+ #+3"%2*+ A +4>+224/& " 2r!'* $"'%4"'2" / $"2* 3*r " $" "'&!"'*+ %r!'#"+._ L# $"'%&' # # @4" "' 3r'%3* '*+ #$)"r!*+ )# +"'2#$* +4+ r"#"+ "' M%*, / +" )# 426#$* "' *+ 3r*0r#!#+ *%#"+ $" "+24$*, %*!* 3*$"!*+ %*'+2#2#r "' $"r+#+ 34>%#%*'"+.a Q"!*+ *32#$* 3*r "+2# $"'%&' 3*r r"4'r 4'# +"r" $" ""!"'2*+ @4" r"!*+ #'#6#'$* $"2"'$#!"'2", / @4" %*'+$"r#!*+ %*rr"%2*+, #4'@4" $"+$" 4"0*, 3"r"%2>"+ / '"%"+#r*+ 7" #%#r#%&'. L# $"'%&' $" Cr!'**0K# b #=' 4' 3r*>"!# # $+%42r, #r*+ #42*r"+ +" '"0#' # $"'r#, *2r*+ $#' $"'%*'"+ 3"'#!"'2" 2#42*&0%#+ * 34r#!"'2" "2!*&0%#+. Pr*%4r#'$* 4'%#r %r2"r*+ +*>r" # "'+"#'6# $" # Cr!'**0K#, "' 195 +" r"4'"r*' 4'# 3/#$" $" %r!'&*0*+ "' " E"$*r$ C*"0" $" L*'$r"+, "+2#'$* 3r"+"'2"+, "'2r" *2r*+ Gr#++>"r0"r, C*r', R>"r*, S"', P'#2, Err#, M#'')"!, S4), D!2rF"% / L&3"6 R"/. E+2# r"4'&', 3#2r*%'#$# 3*r # UNESCO / *r0#'6#$# 3*r # S*%"$#$ I'2"r'#%*'# $" Cr!'**0K# 4" 3*r $"!+ r4%2K"r#, /# @4" +" "0& # !3*r2#'2"+ #%4"r$*+ "' * r""r"'2" # / ' $" # "'+"#'6# %r!'*&0%#.
L# *3'&' # # @4" +" #$)r"r*' # !#/*rK# $" *+ 3#r2%3#'2"+ # %**@4* $" L*'$r"+ +*>r" " %*'%"32* $" # Cr!'**0K#, 4" 3r*34"+2# 3*r BENIGNO DI TULUO, $"'2r* $" # K'"# %+%# $" ENRICO ;ERRI L# Cr!'**0K# $">" +"r 4'# %"'%# +'22%# @4" +" >#+# "' # A'2r*3**0K# / "' # S*%**0K# Cr!'#"+. L# %*'%4+&' # # @4" +" "0& "' " !"'%*'#$* %**@4* "+ # +04"'2" E+2# %"'%# +'22%# +" 3r*3*'", )*/ %*!* #/"r, # $+!'4%&' $" # %r!'#$#$, / "' " 2"rr"'* 2"&r%* @4" $">" 3"r!2r "0#r # "+2" ' 3r%2%*, 3r*3*'" " "+24$* %*!3"2* $" %r!'# / $" %r!"', %*'+$"r#$* "+2" =2!* '* %*!* 4'# #>+2r#%%&' F4rK$%#, +'* %*!* 4'# #%%&' )4!#'#, %*!* 4' )"%)* '#24r# / +*%#. E !2*$* 426#$* 3*r # Cr!'**0K# "+ " !2*$* $" *>+"r#%&' / $" "3"r!"'2#%&', "!3"#$* "' " !#r%* $" 4'# "r$#$"r# %K'%# +*%#. aa N#24r#!"'2" @4" # +4+%r>r "+2# %*'%"3%&', @4" " "' # Cr!'**0K# 4'# %"'%# 4'2#r# / #42&'*!#, @4" #3"# # # CK'%# / # # E3"r!"'2#%&', / +'2"26# *+ r"+42#$*+ #+K *>2"'$*+, *+ 3#r2%3#'2"+ "' " C**@4* $" L*'$r"+ +4>r#/#r*' +"'%#!"'2" 4'# *r"'2#%&', 4' %#!'* @4" +"04r. LA CRIMINOKXIA S
C*!* 3*$"!*+ *>+"r#ra "' M%* '4"+2r*+ !#"+2r*+ )#>K#' U"a 0#$* /# # # !+!# %*'%4+&' 4+2r"+ 3#r2%3#'2"+ $" C**@4* $" L*'$r"+. L* #'2"r*r * $"$[!*+ # '*2#r @4" Cr!'**0K# "+ %*'%"a >$# *!* %"'%# +'22%#, 2#'2* '#24r# %*!* +*%# / '* F4rK$%#_ %*' 4'# '#$#$ 3r""'2#, # # @4" +" "0# 3*r !"$* $" "+24$* $" %r!"' / $" %r!'#, %*' 4' !2*$* $" *>+"r#%&' / "3"r!"'2#%&', "+ $"%r, "'%*'2r#!*+ *+ ""!"'2*+ %"'%#, +K'2"++, !r 2K*$*, "!3r+!* / *>F"2*, @4" #'#6#r"!*+ !+ #$"#'2". L:. DE;INICIONES P#2# $#r 4'# $"# !+ #!3#, / 2*!#'$* "' %4"'2# @4" '* )#/ 2 #%4"r$* $"'2* +*>r" # $"'%&' # 3"+#r $" @4" " C**@4* $" L*'$r"+ '*+ $# 4'# !3*r2#'2" #3r*!#%&'H, %*!* "F"!) 3K* r"%*r$#r"!*+ #04'#+ $"'%*'"+ $" 2r#2#$+2#+ !3*r2#'2"+ RA;AEL GARÓ;ALO %*'%"32=# # Cr!'**0K# %*!*\ # %"'%# $" $"2*, 3"r* )#%"'$* 4'# $"r"'%# "'2r" $"2* +*%*&0%* * '#24r# # @4" #!# 2#!>' %r!"'H / " $"2* F4rK$%*. E+2" =2!* C&$0* P"'#. P*r " %*'2#r*, " $"2* +*%# * '#24r# "+ 4'# "+&' $" #@4"# 3#r2" $" +"'2$* '*r# @4" %*'++2" "' *+ +"'2!"'2*+ #2r4+2#+ 4'$#!"'2#"+ 3"$#$ / 3r*>$#$H, +"0=' # !"$$# "' @4" +" "'%4"'2r#' "' #+ r#6#+ )4!#'#+ +43"r*r"+, %4/# !"$$# "+ '"%"+#r# 3#r# # #$#32#%&' $" '$$4* # # +*%"$#$.a .. A 3"+#r $" +"r %r2%#>" "' #r#+ 3#r2"+ # $"'%&' $" !#"+2r* 2##'*, '* %#>" $4$# $" @4" 4" 4' !3*r2#'2" 34'2* $" 3#r2$# 3#r# 3*+2"r*r"+ '"+20#%*'"+, #+K, ;ERRI $rK# @4" S*' $"2*+ #+ #%%*'"+ $"2"r!'#$#+ 3*r !*2*+ '$$4#"+ / #'2+*%#"+ @4" #2"r#' #+ %*'$%*'"+ $" "+2"'%# / "+*'#' # !*r#$#$ !"$# $" ' 34">* "' 4' !*!"'2* $"2"r!'#$*. c ?UINTILIANO SALDAÍÍA "' +4 *>r# N4"# Cr!'**0K#, /# '* 2#' '4"#, 34"+ +" 34>%& "' 19:9, Cr. GARÓ;ALO, RA;AEL. /s!udios Criminalis!as, %#324* I. E D"2* N#24r#a\. T3*0r#K# $" Ar"$* A*'+*. M#$r$, E+3##, 189, 33. 5 # 7:. 1 Cr. GARÓ;ALO, RA;AEL. Criminologia# L# E+3## M*$"r'#. E+3##, S. ;. 8 Cr. ;ERRI, /0MC# La (.ociogie Criminelle# R*4++"#4, ;$2"4r. P#rK+, ;#'%F, 189, 33. 77 / +0+.
& CRIMINOLOGÍA 2ciencia
$" crimen o "+24$* cien!í3co $" # %r!'#$#$, +4+ %#4+#+ / !"$*+ 3#r#
%*!>#2r#. $"'" # Cr!'**0K# %*!* # %"'%# @4" +" *%43# $" "+24$#r # $"'%4"'2" "' 2*$*+ +4+ #+3"%2*+J "3r"+#'$* @4" +*' 2r"+ 0r#'$"+ %"'%#+ #+ %*'+2242#+, # +#>"r # %"'%# $" $"2*, * +"# " D"r"%)* P"'#J # %"'%# $" $"'%4"'2", #!#$# Cr!'**0K#J / # %"'%# $" # 3"'#, P"'**0K#J 3*r %"r2* @4" "+ $*' C*'+2#'%* B"r'#$* $" ?4r&+ $" *+ 3*%*+ #42*r"+ @4" "+2#>"%" # $"r"'%# "'2r" Cr!'**0K# Cr!'#*0K#, #%#r#'$* @4" Cr!'#*0K# "+ +'04#r / 3*r * 2#'2* "+ " "+24$* $" $"2* "' 3#r2%4#r, "' 2#'2* @4" Cr!'**0K# "+ "' 34r# / "+ # %"'%# @4" #>#r%# 2*$* " %*'F4'2*.a _* ABRAQAMSEN $%" @4" Cr!'**0K# "+ # '"+20#%&' @4" # 2r#+ $" # "2**0K# $" $"2* %*'*%!"'2* $" #+ %#4+#+ $" 's!e4, / # *+*K# $" $"2*, >4+%# 2r#2#r * %4r#r # $"'%4"'2" / 3r""'r #+ %*'$4%2#+ $"%2#+.__ P#r# CUELLO CALÓN L# Cr!'**0K# "+ " %*'F4'2* $" %*'*%!"'2*+ r"#2*+ # $"2* %*!* "'&!"'* '$$4# / +*%#. _a DON CONSTANCIO BERNALDO DE ?UIRÓS,
Q4RT6, #'*2#'$* @4" " 2r!'* Cr!'**0K# 34"$" "!3"#r+ "' $"r+*+ +"'2$*+, $%" @4" "' +4 *>r# $"+0'# #@4"# 3#r2" $" # %"'%# %r!'# @4" 3*'" $" r""" *+ #%2*r"+ $" # %r!'#$#$ !"$#'2" # '"+20#%&' "!3Kr%#, "+ $"%r, *+ #%2*r"+ '$$4#"+ / +*%#"+ @4" 4'$#!"'2#' # %*'$4%2# %r!'#._a D"+34+ #0r"0# @4" S"0=' "+2# $"'%&', # Cr!'**0K# +" *r"'2# 3r!*r$#!"'2" )#%# " #'++ $" # "2**0K# $" %r!"', + >"' '* +" 3r"2"'$" !#'2"'"r# "+2r%2#!"'2" $"'2r* $" "+2*+ K!2"+. E *'$* $" 2*$# %*'$4%2# %r!'#, %*!* *>F"2* $" '"+20#%&', '* 34"$" +"r +"3#r#$# 2#!>' '%4r "' %"r2* 0r#$*, # "'*!"'**0K#. ' (UIRÓS) CONSTANCIO BERNALDO DE. Criminología. E*i+!,il C-i. P/01l) M23i!) 4'$%) 5. 46. 47 DON MARIANO R/i8 FUNES 9 DON BERNALDO DE (UIRÓS) "!: *!" *0 l!" i;5/l"!,0"
*0 l C,i;i:!l!<= 0: M23i!) 5,!f0"!,0" *0 DONI ALFONSO (UIRO> CUARÓN) ?/i0: "/0*i@ DON MARIANO RU FUNES 0: l +0*, *0l *!+!,*! 9 5!"+0,i!,;0:+0 *!: C!NSTANOO BERNALDO DE (UIRÓS 0: l li0:i+/,) 9 "i*! 0l ;0"+,! *0 l" l+i;" 9 ;" 1,ill:+0" <0:0,i!:0" *0 50:li"+" 9 ,i;i:@l!) STEPHAN. Criminología. E*i+!,il A,i0l. B,0l!:) 4'$&) 5. 6. U Ibidem.
2A CRIMINOLOGÍA (
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G*33NGER $# 4' %*'%"32* #!3* $" # Cr!'**0K#, #r!#'$* @4" "+ 4'# %"'%# "!3Kr%# " '2"r$+%3'#r. S" *%43# $" #+ %r%4'+2#'%#+ $" # "+"r# )4!#'# / +*%#, r"#%*'#$#+ %*' " +4r0!"'2*, # %*!+&' / # "2#%&' $" %r!"', #+K %*!* $" 2r#2#!"'2* $" *+ *#$*r"+ $" # "/. A0r"0# @4" O>r#'$* %*' 4' 3r'%3* '2"r$+%3'#r / !42#%2*r#, $r0" +4+ '"+20#%*'"+ "' " %#!3* $" # "3"r"'%# )#%# 2*$* * @4" "+2 r"#%*'#$* 2#'2* %*' #+ '*r!#+ $" D"r"%)* %*!* %*' # 3"r+*'#$#$ $" $"'%4"'2" / +4+ %r%4'+2#'%#+ "' r"#%&' %*' # %*'$4%K# %*'$"'#$# 3*r " *r$"' F4rK$%* / +*%#. __ "' +4 Criminología 5eruana $%" @4" Cr!'**0K#"+ #@4"# $+%3'# @4" # # "6 @4" "3%# / "+24$# #+ %#4+#+$" # %*'$4%2# $"%2# / 3"0r*+#, "+24$# 2#!>' # 3"r+*'# $" $"'%4"'2"._ OLIVERA DÍAZ,
E !#"+2r* 2#* $*' BENIGNO DI TULLIO '* +" 3r"*%43# 3*r $"'r'4"+2r# %"'%#, / %4#'$* " 3r"04'2#!*+ @4 "r# 3#r# # Cr!'**0K#,"3r"+& * +04"'2" Cr!'**0K#, "+ # %"'%# $" # 0"'"r*+$#$, %*'%"32* @4" $+2'04" # 4'* $" *+ !"F*r"+ %r!'&*0*+$" !4'$*. E' 2r!'*+ #'"+, "' +4 *>r#, #34'2# %*!* '#$#$ # +"04r3*r *+ %r!'&*0*+ " $" $#r $# # 4'# "r$#$"r# / 3r*3# %"'%#$" # >*'$#$, !"$#'2" # %4# +" )#0# 3*+>" %*!>#2r !+ "%#6!"'2"# %#4+# $" *+ !+ 0r#"+ / !+ r"%4"'2"+ #%2*+ #'2+*%#"+/ %r!'#"+, / >4+%#r *+ !"$*+ #32*+ 3#r# $"+#rr*#r "' %#$#)*!>r" 4'# !+ 3r*4'$# / !+ #%2# >*'$#$, @4" %*'+224/" #3r"!+# "+"'%# $" 2*$* "r$#$"r* !"F*r#!"'2* $" # 3"r+*'# )4!#'# /, 3*r "*, $" # !+!# )4!#'$#$.__ 1.. EL TÉRMINO CRIMINOLOGÍA
A'2"+ $" )#%"r " #'++ $"2##$* $" # $"'%&' 3r*34"+2#, "+ '"%"+#r* )#%"r 4'# #%#r#%&' +*>r" " *%#>* Cr!'**0K#. #* D4RQEM, dMILE. Les 6egles de la M'!ode (ociologi&ue# PU;, P#rK+, ;r#'%#, 195, 3. . :1 G*3QNGER, QANS. Criminología# R"4+, S. A. M#$r$, E+3##, 19(5, 3. 1. :: OLIVERA DÍAZ, GUILLERMO. Cnminologia 5eruana, 2*!* I, :e "$%&'. S.P.E. L!#, P"', 19(, 3. 5. : DI TULLIO, BENIGNO. 5rinciios de Criminología Clínica y 5si&uia!ría Forense E$. A04#r. M#$r$, E+3##, 1, 3. 15.
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E 2r!'* Cr!'**0K# "+ 4' 2r!'* %*'"'%*'#J + +" r"%4"r$# " $"r"%)* r*!#'*, *>+"r#!*+ @4" *+ r*!#'*+ $+2'04K#' "'2r" $"2*+ / %rK!"'"+J # $"r"'%# "+ # +04"'2" *+ %rK!"'"+ "r#' 3"r+"04$*+ 3*r " E+2#$*, !"'2r#+ @4" *+ $"2*+ "r#' 3"r+"04$*+ 3*r *+ 3#r2%4#r"+. E' 4' 3r'%3* *+ %rK!"'"+ @4"$#>#' r"$4%$*+ # 4'*+ %4#'2*+ 2r#%&' # # 3#2r#, 3#rr%$*, +#%r"0*, "+243r* " '%"+2*. E+ $"%r, +" $"'2%# %*!* %r!"' *+ $"2*+ !4/ 0r#"+, / #+K "+ %*!* # 3##>r# %r!"' +" # # #3%#r 0"'"r#!"'2" # )*!%$* / #=' !+ F4+2#!"'2" # )*!%$* %#%#$*. S4%"$" @4" * 3r!"r* @4" +" "+24$& "' " +0* 3#+#$* 3#r# *r!#r '4"+2r# %"'%# 4"r*' %r!'#"+, $"'%4"'2"+ 0"'"r#!"'2" )*!%$#+ /# "r"!*+ !+ #$"#'2" *+ %#+*+ M+$"#, V"r6"', V"# / *2r*+H / 3*r * 2#'2* +" 4" 3"'+#'$* '* "' "+24$#r # r#2"rK* %*!=' / %*rr"'2", +'* "+24$#r # *+ 0r#'$"+ #+"+'*+. E+ " #'2r*3&*0* r#'%+ PABLO TOPINARD 181911H " 3r!"r* "' 426#r " *%#>* Cr!'**0K#, +' "!>#r0*, @4"' #%4& " 2r!'* 3#r# @4" "0#r# # +"r "r$#$"r#!"'2" '2"r'#%*'# / #%"32#$* 3*r 2*$*+ 4" " F4r+2# 2##'* RA;AEL GARÓ;ALO, @4"' F4'2* %*' +4+ %*!3#2r*2#+ CÉSAR LOMBROSO @4" )#># $" A'2r*3**0K# Cr!'#H / ENRICO ;ERRI @4" $"'*!'# # !#2"r# S*%**0K# Cr!'#H 34"$"' %*'+$"r#r+" *+ 2r"+ 0r#'$"+ @4" 4'$#' # Cr!'**0K#, #!'$*+""+ 3*r "+2* E#'0"+2#+ $" "+2# %"'%#. N* "+ 34"+ # Cr!'**0K# " "+24$* $" *+ %r!'#"+ 2*!#'$* %*!* %r!'# # #+"+'*, +'* @4" "e " "+24$* $" *+ %r!'#"+ 2*!#'$* %*!* 2#"+ # 2*$*+ #@4"*+ @4" %*!"2"' #04'# %*'$4%2# #'2+*%#. D">"!*+ 34"+ "'2"'$"r @4" *+ 2r!'*+ %r!"', %r!'#$#$ / %r!'# +*' %*'"'%*'#"+, / '* %*'"#' "' *r!# #04'# 4' +"'2$* $"+3"%2*, "2@4"2#$*r * "+20!#26#'2", +'* @4" +r"' 3#r# $"r"'%#r # +!3" #'2+*%# / # +4+ %*'$4%2#+, $" $"'%4"'2", $" $"2* / $" # $"'%4"'%#, 2r!'*+ @4" 2"'"' 4'# 4"r2" !3%#%&' F4rK$%#. T# %*!* "r"!*+ !+ #$"#'2", '* 2*$* +4F"2* #'2+*%# * $"+#$* "+ 4' $"'%4"'2", #+K %*!* '* 2*$* $"'%4"'2" "+, 3*r 4"r6#, 4' #'2+*%#. D" # !+!# !#'"r#, '* 2*$# $"+#%&' %*!3*r2# $"2*, ' 2*$#+ #+ %*'$4%2#+ 3r"+2#+ 3*r #+ "/"+ 3"'#"+ $">"' %*'+$"r#r+" a riori %*!* #'2+*%#"+. E'2"'$"!*+ 2#!>', @4" '* 2*$* $"+#$* "+ 4' #'2+*%#, #4'@4" 2*$* #'2+*%# "+, 3*r &0%#, 4' $"+#$*. E+ "r$#$ @4" "2!*&0%#!"'2" Cr!'**0K# $"r# $" #2K' crimen7criminis, / $" 0r"0* logos, 2r#2#$*, /, %*'+$"r#'$* " %*' 1 %"32* %r!"' %*!* %*'$4%2# #'2+*%#, / '* %*!* $"2*, $"2* 0r#" * $"2* $" "+# !#F"+2#$, # Cr!'**0K# 34"$" !#'2"'"r +4 *r0'# $"'*!'#%&'. C*'+"r#!*+ 34"+ # $"'*!'#%&' 2r#$%*'# $" # !#2"r#, r"%*'*%"'$* @4" @46 3*$rK# "'%*'2rr+"" '*!>r" !"F*r. L* !+!* )# +4%"$$* "' !4%)*+ %#+*+, "' #r#+ $" # %#r$#$, #+K, # # )+2"r# +" " +04" #!#'$* "' "+2# *r!#, # 3"+#r $" @4" " =2"r* )+2"r*H '* '2"r"'0# "' "+2#
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N*+ 3#r"%" $" '2"r+ )#%"r 4' >r"" #'++ $" "+2#+ %#2"0*rK#+, 34"+ 34"$"' +"r $" 42$#$. #H Criminología cien!ífica C*'F4'2* $" %*'*%!"'2*+, 2"*rK#+, r"+42#$*+ / !2*$*+ @4" +" r""r"' # # %r!'#$#$ %*!* "'&!"'* '$$4# / +*%#, # $"'%4"'2", # # K%2!#, # # +*%"$#$ "' 3#r2" /, "' %"r2# !"$$#, # ++2"!# 3"'#. Cr""!*+ %*rr"%2* " "'*@4", 34"+ # %"'2K%# @4" 3*$rK#!*+ #!#r 2#!>', / @46 %*' !#/*r 3r*3"$#$ !eórica4, "+ # Cr!'**0K# @4" 2r#2# $" "3%#r # %*'$4%2# #'2+*%# %r!"'H, " +4F"2* @4" # %*!"2" %r!'#H, " @4" ] 3#$"%" K%2!#H, # %*'F4'2* $" %*'$4%2#+ #'2+*%#"+ %r!'#$#$H / # # r"#%%&' +*%# @4" +2#+ 3r**%#'. >H Criminología alicada# P#r# X_3"6 R"/ "+2 %*'+224$# 3*r #+ #3*r2#%*'"+ $" # Cr!'**0K# %"'2K%# / $" # "!3Kr%#, %r"#$# 3*r #@4"*+ @4" *r!#' 3#r2" $" ++2"!# 3"'#. P#r# '*+*2r*+ # Cr!'**0K# #3%#$# 2"'" 4'# !#/*r "2"'+&', / r">#+# *+ K!2"+ $" ++2"!# 3"'#, 34$"'$* #3%#r+" # *+ $"r+*+ !"%#'+!*+ $" r"#%%&' / $" %*'2r* +*%#. E+ '$4$#>" @4" # Cr!'**0K# #3%#$# #%#'6# +4 !+ #2* '" "' " !*!"'2* "' @4" 3#+# # '2"0r#r, F4'2* %*' *2r#+ $+%3'#+, # P*K2%# Cr!'*&0%#. %H Crimino!ogia acad'mica E+ "+"'%# #4'@4" '* "%4+#!"'2" $"+%r32#, / "+2 %*'+224$# 3*r # ++2"!#26#%&', # ""%2*+$" "'+"#'6# * $+"!'#%&' $" %*'*%!"'2*, $" # Cr!'**0K# "' 0"'"r#. __ E+2# "+ 4'# *>r# $" Cr!'**0K# #%#$!%#, /# @4" 3r"2"'$" ++2"!#26#r # )+2*r#, #+ 2"*rK#+, *+ %*'%"32*+ / *+ !2*$*+ %r!'*&0%*+, %*' '#$#$ $$%2%#. $H Criminología analí!ica S4 '#$#$ "+ $"2"r!'#r + #+ *2r#+ %r!'**0K#+ / # 3*K2%# %r!'# %4!3"' +4 %*!"2$*. E+2# %#+" $" Cr!'**0K#, @4" +" $+2'04" $" # %rK2%# "' %4#'2* @4" $"+%*!3*+%&' / r"%*!3*+%&' '* +0'%#' $"!*%&', "F"r%" 4'# 4'%&' $" +43"r+&', / S4 "+2"'%# +" )## F4+2%#$# 3*r r#6*'"+ %"'2K%#+ / 3*K2%#+ # ' $" "2#r #+ r"%4"'2"+ $"+!"$$#+ 3r"2"'+*'"+ $" # %r!'**0K# %"'2K%#, # %*'*%$# '+4%"'%# $" # #3%#$#, # r"%4"'2" +43"r%#$#$ $" # #%#$!%# / *+ "rr*r"+ $" # 3*K2%# %r!'#r\._a 1.5. LA CRIMINOLOGÍA COMO CIENCIA 4.$.4. ALARAClÓN
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0r#' "3*+2*r r#'%+ $" '4"+2r*+ $K#+, +" "3r"+# $%"'$* @4" "+ # %"'%# @4" 2"'" 3*r *>F"2* 4'$#!"'2# " %**r$'#r, %*'r*'2#r / %*!3#r#r *+ r"+42#$*+ *>2"'$*+ 3*r #+ %"'%#+ %r!'*&0%#+ * %r!'**0K#+ "+3"%#6#$#+, 3#r# *0r#r 4'# "3*+%&' ++2"!2%#, "0#'$* #+K # 4'# Cr!'**0K# G"'"r#.aa "#' P'#2", +' "0#r # #+ "#0"r#%*'"+ +2#+, %*'%>" # # Cr!'**0K# %*!* 4'# %"'%# '2"0r#$*r#, # %4# "+2 $$$# "' %"'%#+ 3#r%#"+ * %r!'**0K#+ "+3"%#6#$#+ @4" "'"' # %*'+2r4r 4'# "r$#$"r# %*'+2"#%&', "+ $"%r, # 0r#' %"'%# @4" "+ # Cr!'**0K#. L# $"# $" %*'+2"#%&' "+ "34"+2# 2#\!>' 3*r '>"r0, S""0, Gr#++>"r0"r, C*'+2#'2 / 3*r *+ 2##'*+ ;"rr / N%*r*. CASANOVA " INGENIEROS '*+ '$%#' @4" # Cr!'**0K# "+ 4'# %"'%#. DONADIEU DE VABRES $%" @4" # Cr!'**0K# "+ 4' 2r!'* 0"'r%*, 3"r* "+ %*'4+# +4 "3*+%&' %4#'$* '$%# @4" #+ $+%3'#+ @4" # '2"0r#' +*' "' +K %"'%#+, * @4" &0%#!"'2" $">" "#r'*+ # %*'%4r @4" # Cr!'**0K# "+ 4'# %"'%#. CANTOR $%" @4" # Cr!'**0K# "+ 2#'2* %"'%# %*!* #r2". 1.5.7. IDEAS ECLÉCTICAS I'$"3"'$"'2"!"'2" $" #+ $*+ %*rr"'2"+, #@4"# @4" " $# # # Cr!'**0K# 4'# %#2"0*rK# %"'2K%# / #@4"# @4" +" * '"0#, "'%*'2r#!*+ #04'#+ %*rr"'2"+ '2"r!"$#+, $" "#+ %r"* @4" #" # 3"'# %2#r #+ +04"'2"+ 4'* $" *+ 3r!"r*+ 2r#2#$+2#+ $" Cr!'**0K#, $%" @4" '* +" 2r#2# $" 4'# %"'%# 4'$#!"'2# +'* $" 3r*$4%2* )K>r$* $" *2r#+ #r#+._\a PERMALEE,
QANS VON QENTIG, 4' !#0'K%* 2r#2#$+2# #"!', $%" @4" + "'2"'$"!*+ 3*r %"'%# 4' %*'F4'2* $"
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E' *2r#+ !#2"r#+ # %*'4+&' "+ "r$#$"r#!"'2" 0r#", 4' "F"!3* %#r* +*' # ;"'**0K#, " D"r"%)* EF"%42* P"'# / " D"r"%)* P"'2"'%#r*, @4" +*' r"%4"'2"!"'2" 2r#2#$*+ "' *r!# )*!*0'"#, +' $+2'%&' $" *>F"2*, "0#'$* %*!* "+ &0%* # %*'%4+*'"+ "rr&'"#+. E *>F"2* '*+ %*'$%*'# " !2*$* $" "+24$*, / )#/ 3*+>$#$ $" @4" 3#r# " "+24$* $" 4' !+!* *>F"2* +" %*'+224/#' #r#+ %"'%#+ 3*r * @4" # $"# $" %"'%# ='%# %*' *>F"2* ='%* # $"+#3#r"%"'$*H , * #'2"r*r +" )#%" 3*r %*!*$$#$ * 3*r "0"'%#+ !"2*$*&0%#+ * $" '"+20#%&'.
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+4 3#r2", *3'# @4" E *>F"2* $" # Cr!'**0K#, +*' #+ %#4+#+ $" $"2* / # '#24r#"6# $" $"'%4"'2".a_ *+ I'0""r*+, " "2r#*r$'#r* #r0"'2'*, $%" @4" E *>F"2* $" # Cr!'**0K#, "+ " "+24$* $" #+ %#4+#+ $"2"r!'#'2"+ $" *+ $"2*+, *+ #%2*+ "' @4" +" !#'"+2#', *+ %#r#%2"r"+ +*3+K@4%*+ $" *+ $"'%4"'2"+ / #+ !"$$#+ +*%#"+ * '$$4#6#$#+ $" 3r*## * $" r"3r"+&' $" $"2*.aa C*!* 3*$"!*+ *>+"r#r, 0r#' %#'2$#$ $" #42*r"+ 426#' # 3##>r# $"2*, "'2r" "*+ E'"r, A2##, V*' Q"'20, M$$"'$*r, G#r&#*, A>r#)#!+"', C4"* C#&', T#>*, O"r# DK#6, A!#r#6, C*'+2#'%* B. $" ?4r&+, !'"6 $" A+=#, I'0"'"r*+, "2%. L# !#/*rK# $" "*+ #r!#, +04"'$* # 2r#$%&' $" G#r&#*, @4" +" r""r"' # 4' $"2* '#24r#, * +*%*&0%*, / '* # $"2* F4rK$%* * "0#. O2r*+ #42*r"+, 2r#2#'$* "' !4%)* $" "2#r # 3##>r# $"2*, @4" +" 3r"+2# 2#'2* # %*'4+&', 426#' " 2r!'* %r!"', #+K P'#2", ?4'2#'* S#$##, Q4r[26, M#r@4+"2, R"+2"', D T4*, "2%. E+ $" #%#r#r+" @4" "' *%#+*'"+ +4r!*+ #2"r#%*'"+ $" 2r#$4%%&', "' @4" " 2r#$4%2*r, 3*%* 2%'%*, "@4*%# *+ 2r!'*+, %#!>#'$* " +"'2$* $" # r#+", 3"r* "+ /# 4'# 2r#$%&' @4" 2r#$422*r", 2r#$2*r". L* !3*r2#'2" "+ %*'*%"r + " #42*r %*'+$"r# %*!* *>F"2* $" "+24$* * 34'2* $" 3#r2$# " $"2* %*!* $"+%r3%&' $" %*'$4%2# $#$# 3*r 4'# "/ 3"'#, * * '2"r3r"2# "' #04'# *2r# *r!#, 34"+ #+ %*'+"%4"'%#+ #' # +"r '*2#>"+ '* +&* "' %4"+2&' !"2*$*&0%#, +'* "' # '#24r#"6# / " #%#'%" $" # Cr!'**0K#. 1.8. DE;INICIÓN U R Í D I C A DEL OBETO
E *>F"2* $" # '"+20#%&' "' Cr!'**0K# "+, !4/ %*!='!"'2", $"'$* "' 2r!'*+ "+2r%2#!"'2" F4rK$%*+. A 3"+#r $" @4" #r#+ "+%4"#+ %r!'*&0%#+ "+3"%#!"'2" "' N*r2"#!r%#H, "+2' 2r#2#'$* $" +4>+224r #+ $"'%*'"+ F4rK$%*'*r!#2#+ 3*r *2r#+ +*%*&0%#+, #+ 3r!"r#+ %*'2'=#' # 3r"#"%"r. C*!* '*+ +"## #%"r2#$#!"'2" " %r!'&*0* >r#+"* PIZZOTTI MENDES, 4'* $" *+ 3r*>"!#+ $" # Cr!'**0K# "+ @4" E'%*'2r#!*+ 4'# $+%3'# %4/* *>F"2* "+2 $"'$* 3*r *2r#, +"0=' 3#r!"2r* / #*r"+ $" 23* $"*&0%* '* r"!2>"+ # *>F"2* $" "'&!"'* '#24r# * +*%#. aa E+2#!*+ $" #%4"r$* %*' TQORESTEN SELLIN %4#'$* #r!# @4" L# +4F"%&' # "+24$* $" $"2* / $" *+ $"'%4"'2"+ / # #%"32#%&' $" %#2"0*rK#+ $" *r!#+ "+3"%K%#+ $" \$"2*\ / \$"'%4"'2"\ +"0=' +" "+3"%%# "' # "0+#%&', '#$# # '"+20#%&' %r!'*&0%# 2"*r2%#, $"+$" " 34'2* $" +2# %"'2K%*, / 2#!>' %4#'$* #0r"0# L*+ $#2*+ $" # "/ 3"'# / *+ $#2*+ +*>r" $"2*+ / $"'%4"'2"+ +"r"+ # #+ %#2"0*rK#+ "0#"+ $">"' +"r \3r*%"+#$*+\ 3*r " %"'2K%* #'2"+ $" 3*$"r*+ 4+#r.aa S"' +*+2"'" @4" "+ !3*+>" 4'$#r # %"'%# $" # Cr!'**0K# +*>r" >#+"+ +&$#+, # !"'*+ $" +4>+224r #+ $"'%*'"+ #r>2r#r#+ $" "0+#$*r 3*r $"'%*'"+ "#>*r#$#+ 3*r *+ 2"&r%*+ / %*' 4'# '#$#$ %"'2K%#. E !+!* #42*r $%" @4", !2#r # Cr!'**0K# # "+24$* $" # %*'$4%2# %r!'# $"'$# 3*r # "/, +"rK# %#+ %*!* !2#r # # 3+@4#2rK# # "+24$* $" *+ 23*+ !"'2#"+ %r+2#6#$*+ "' 2r!'*+ "0#"+. STANCIU / LAVASTIGNE '*+ '$%#' @4" * %"r2* "+ @4" #+ $"'%*'"+ F4rK$%#+ '* +*' #@4K $" 42$#$ #04'#. E' ""%2*, *+ C&$0*+ P"'#"+ '* $#' ''0=' %r2"r* 3#r# " %*'*%!"'2* $" %r!'#.a P#r# GOPPINGER #+ '*r!#+ F4rK$%#+ +*>r" " $"2*, +&* +r"' # # Cr!'**0K# 3#r# *>2"'"r 4'# r""r"'%# +*>r" #+ %*'$4%2#+ J#6 Pi88!; MENEES) NELSON. Criminologfa# E$_* U'"+2#r# $" Dr"2*. S* P#4*, Br#+, 19(, 3. :78. b SEIXIN, TQORESTEN. Cul!ura, Conflic!o y Crimen# E$%*'"+ E;O;AC. C#r#%#+, V"'"64"#, 199, 3. :(. f75 LAVA+#'%NE / STANCIU. # ci!#, 3. 11. LA CRIMINOLOGÍA 4'
%*'2r# #+ @4" " E+2#$* r"#%%*'# %*' +#'%*'"+. E' "+2" +"'2$*, " %r!"' F4rK$%#!"'2" $"!2#$* "+ 34'2* $" 3#r2$# $" # '"+20#%&' %r!'*&0%#, 3"r* '* +4 *>F"2* "%4+* ', !"'*+ #=', " *>F"2* $" # !+!#.aa I'++2!*+ "' " 2"!#, 34"+ 4'* $" *+ "rr*r"+ 4'$#!"'2#"+, #=' +*+2"'$*+ 3*r #r*+ #42*r"+ P""6, S"++*, T#33#', "2%.H, %*'++2" "' %*'+$"r#r # $"'%&' "0# $" $"2* / # $"+%r3%&' @4" *+ %&$0*+ 3#'#"+ )#%"' $" #+ %*'$4%2#+ $"%24*+#+ %*!* " *>F"2* $" "+24$* $" # Cr!'**0K#. E+2" "rr*r "# # # Cr!'**0K# # +"r 4'# %"'%# !2#$# / "!3*>r"%$#, #2"'$# # *+ %#3r%)*+ $" "0+#$*r, " '#+*r# $" 4' 2"rr"'* @4" '* " "+ 3r*3*. P#r# "F"!3%#r "+2# %*rr"'2", !"'%*'"!*+ # *3'&' $" S"++*, P""6 / T#33#'
P#r# SESSO # Cr!'**0K# "+ 4'# 3#r2" $" # 3*K2%# %r!'# @4" #=# %rK2%#!"'2" " $"r"%)* 0"'2" 3#r# 3r*3*'"r %#!>*+ # "0+#$*r +*>r" # >#+" $" # #'2r*3**0K# / # +*%**0K# %r!'#,a\\ / ""%2#!"'2" %*'+2r4/" +4 "+@4"!# +*>r" " %&$0* 2##'*. PEL^EZ #r!# @4" *+ "'&!"'*+ %r!'#"+ "+2' "+2r"%)#!"'2" r"#%*'#$*+ %*' 4'# r"#$#$ '*r!#2#, " %r!"' %4/# "+2"'%# $"3"'$" $" 4'# $"'%&' "0# / %4/* "+24$* "+2 %*'#$*, "' %*'+"%4"'%#, # 4'# $+%3'# F4rK$%#, " D"r"%)* P"'#a #)*r# >"', + " %r!"', *>F"2* $" Cr!'**0K# "+ 4' "'2" F4rK$%*, )#/ @4" '++2r "' # !3*+>$#$ $" $"'r 4' "'2" F4rK$%* $" !#'"r# '* F4rK$%#, $#$* * rr""#'2" $" 2*$# #*r#%&' $" )"%)* @4" "+2 !+ # * !+ #% $" # '*r!#. A)*'$#'$* " "rr*r, #0r"0# N*+*2r*+ 3"'+#!*+ @4" # Cr!'**0K# '* +"rK# %"'2K%#!"'2" #42&'*!# %*' 4'# '*%&' $" $"2* @4" '* +"# F4rK$%#, 3*r@4" 2*$#+ #+ $"'%*'"+ @4" 3r"+%'$"' $" # *r!# "0# '* %#32#' " %r!"' "' +4 2*2#$#$ %*!* "'2$#$ F4rK$%#,aa / r"!#2# $%"'$* S # %r!'&*0* '2"r"+# 4' )"%)* )4!#'* / +*%#, "+ +*#!"'2" 3*r@4" %*'+224/" 4' $"2*, /, 3*r "*, # r#6&' $" +4 exis!encia cien!ífica +" $">" # )"%)* #+K %#%#$* 3*r # "/._ #K GOPNOER. Op. cit, 5. #. #% A5/:+0" *0 l"0. U:i0,"i** *0 R!;) 4'&. K Cf,. PELE>) MICHELANCELO. Introducción a la Criminología. D0 Pl;. B/0:!" Ai,0") A,<0:+i:) 4'&&) 5. 4. #' =*0;) 5. #$. BO =*0;) 5. # "/1,9*! :/0"+,!. 7 UM+NOLOGÍA A*+ #'2"+ $" P""6, 4' '*r2"#!"r%#'*, PAUL TAPPAN 1979H,
)#>K# $""'$$* # !+!# 3*++%&', #r!#'$* @4" # "/ 3"'# %*'2"'" # ='%# $"'%&' #$!+>" $" $"2*, 3*r * 2#'2* $"'%4"'2" "+ # 3"r+*'# @4" )# +$* +"'2"'%#$* / %*'$"'#$* 3*r 4' F4"6, / "+2*+ +*' *+ ='%*+ +4F"2*+ @4" 34"$" "+24$#r %"'2K%#!"'2" " %r!'&*0*, # @4" '* $">" !3*r2#r" + "' r"#$#$ %*!"2"r*' " $"2* * '*J # ='%# "r$#$ "+ # "r$#$ "0#, / +*' *+ &r0#'*+ $" "+2#$* *+ @4" $"2"r!'#' " *>F"2* $" "+24$* $" # Cr!'**0K#,__ C*!* 34"$" *>+"r#r+", " "rr*r $" 3#r2$# $" P""6 / $" T#33#' "+2 "' @4", %*' %"r2# '*%"'%#, 3r"+43*'"' @4" $"2* / %*'$4%2# #'2+*%# +*' * !+!*, #+K, P""6 )#%" +4/# # $"'%&' $" S""0 "' %4#'2* @4" " $"2* "+ 4' %*!3*r2#!"'2* 3+%*+*!2%* %43#>", @4" "+2 3r*)>$* / +#'%*'#$* 3*r # "/ # %#4+# $" +4+ %*'+"%4"'%#+ #'2+*%#"+.\\_ U' +"04'$* "rr*r "+2 "' %r""r "' 4' 0*>"r'* 42&3%*, " %4# # # %4$#r $" >"' %*!=rK #'2"+ $" *+ '2"r"+"+ $" 0r43*, %#+" * 3#r2$* "' " 3*$"rJ # "3"r"'%# )+2&r%# '*+ $"!4"+2r#, 3*r $"+0r#%#, @4" "+2* "+ !#2"r#!"'2" !3*+>". O2r* "rr*r r"!#r%#>" "+ " +43*'"r @4" # Cr!'*0K# *0r# +4 '$"3"'$"'%# %"'2K%# +4>*r$''$*+" # #+ $"'%*'"+ y 3#42#+ "0#"+J "+2* "' +K "+ 4'# #0r#'2" %*'2r#$%%&', / # +*4%&' "+ "#%2#!"'2" # %*'2r#r# # Cr!'**0K# +"r #42&'*!# "' %4#'2* +"# caaz $"'r +4 3r*3* *>F"2*. LH+ $""'+*r"+ $" # $"'%&' F4rK$%# $" *>F"2* *$#' 2#!>' @4" # r"#$#$ "+ %#!>#'2" "' 2#'2* @4" # "/ "+ "+22%#, / 3*r * 0"'"r# "+2 #2r#+#$#, * @4" *>0#rK# # %r!'&*0* # r
%*' :, * 7 #*+ $" #2r#+*, +"0=' " %&$0* @4" " 2*@4" +4rr. N*+*2r*+ 3r*3*'"!*+ @4" " %r!'&*0* $">" >4+%#r +4+ 3r*3#+ +*4%*'"+, / $"2"r!'#r cien!íficamen!e +4 *>F"2* $" "+24$*, 2*!#'$* #+ $"'%*'"+ "0#"+ 2#' +** %*!* 4' K'$%" $" * @4" " 0*>"r'* $" $"2"r!'#$* 3#K+ / "' $"2"r!'#$# 3*%# )# %*'+$"r#$* %*!* #'2+*%#, $#*+* * 3"0r*+*. N* 3*$"!*+ #%"32#r, 3*r * 2#'2*, @4" 4'# %*'$4%2# +"# %*'+$"r#$# %r!'# * #'2+*%# 3*r " +** )"%)* $" "+2#r 3r*)>$# 3*r # "/. 51 Cr. TAPPAN) PAUL R . ;o is !e Criminan E' T)" S*$**0/ * Cr!" #'$ D"'%4"'%/. "/. N4"# Y*r], U. S. A. 19:. 5: PEL^EZ. # ci!#, 3. :9.
LA CRIMINOLOGÍA 4
1.9. CONDUCTA ANTISOCIAL Y DEUTO E *>F"2* $" "+24$* $" # Cr!'**0K# +*' #+ %*'$4%2#+ #'2+*%#"+. D">"!*+ )#%"r 4'# %#r# $+2'%&' "'2r" %*'$4%2# #'2+*%# / $"2*. C*'$4%2# #'2+*%# "+ 2*$* #@4" %*!3*r2#!"'2* )4!#'* @4" %*'2r# " >"' %*!=' #@4K !" r""r* # 4' %*'%"32* $" >"' %*!=' "' +4 "+2r%2# #%"32#%&' 2*!+2#, "+ $"%r, #@4" @4" +"'$* >"' $" %#$# 4'* $" *+ !"!>r*+ $" # %*!4'$#$ "+ # !+!* 2"!3* >"' $" 2*$*+HJ !"'2r#+ @4" $"2* "+ # #%%&' 4 *!+&' @4" %#+20#' #+ L"/"+ P"'#"+, "+ # %*'$4%2# $"'$# 3*r # "/. B"' %*!=' "+ #@4" @4" "+ #32* 3#r# +"rr * 3"r"%%*'#r # '#24r#"6# )4!#'# "' %4#'2* 2#, '$"3"'$"'2"!"'2" $" #+ %*'$%*'"+ '$$4#"+, @4" 3r*"'"' "' %#$# +"r )4!#'* $" +4 r#6#, '#%*'#$#$, "$#$, 3r*"+&', %*'$%*'"+ +*%#"+ * r"0*+#+ * "%*'&!%#+.a_ L# I0"+# C#2&%# )# $"+#rr*#$* '*2#>"!"'2" " %*'%"32* $" >"' %*!=', #+K, " C*'%* V#2%#'* II $%" @4" " >"' %*!=' !3%# " %*'F4'2* $" %*'$%*'"+ $" # $# +*%# @4" )#%"' 3*+>" # #+ #+*%#%*'"+ / # %#$# 4'* $" +4+ !"!>r*+ " *0r* !+ 3"'* / !+ % $" # 3r*3# 3"r"%%&', / 4#' ' "' M#2"r "2 M#0+2r# / "' P#%"! ' T"rr+ * $"'" %*!* " %*'F4'2* $" #+ %*'$%*'"+ +*%#"+ @4" 3"r!2"' / #*r"%"' "' *+ +"r"+ )4!#'*+ " $"+#rr** '2"0r# $" +4 -3"r+*'#.a E >"' %*!=' 34"$" $"rr "+"'%#!"'2" $" *+ >"'"+ 3#r2%4#r"+, $" *+ >"'"+ $" 4' '$$4* * 0r43* $" '$$4*+. E >"' %*!=' * "+ "' %4#'2* +r" # # 0"'"r#$#$ $" *+ )*!>r"+. P*r * #'2"r*r, " *r$"' +*%# "+ 4'# '"%"+$#$ 3#r# *0r#r " >"' %*!=', 3"r* +&* 2"'" r#6&' $" +"r "' %4#'2* *0r# # r"#6#%&' $" +2"J '* 34"$" "'2"'$"r+" 4' *r$"' +*%#, F4rK$%* * 3*K2%* +'* "' 4'%&' $" >"' $" # 2*2#$#$ $" # %*"%2$#$. L# $+2'%&' "+ !3*r2#'2" "' %4#'2* @4" # Cr!'**0K# )# "+24$#$* "' *%#+*'"+ +*#!"'2" %*'$4%2#+ @4" #2"'2#' %*'2r# $"2"r!'#$# %#+" * 0r43* 0*>"r'*, 3r*3"2#r*+, >#'%*+, %*!"r%#'2"+, 0"+#+, *>r"r*+, "2%.H, *$'$*+" $" #'#6#r #+ #%%*'"+ $" "+2*+ 0r43*+ %*'2r# " >"' %*!='. S Cr. Códigos de Malinas# E$2*r# S# T"rr#". S#'2#'$"r, E+3##, 1959, 3. 5:7 / ++. M Cr. UAN XXIU. Mater et Magis!ra# L# Pr"'+#, M%*, 191. CRIMINOLOGÍA
D" #@4K $"$4%!*+ %*' %#r$#$ @4" ' 2*$* $"2* "+ 4'# C*'$4%2# #'2+*%# ' 2*$# %*'$4%2# #'2+*%# "+ $"2*.
E3@4"!*+ E+2"' %*'$4%2#+ @4" 34"$"' +"r #'2+*%#"+, @4" '* "+2' 23%#$#+ "' *+ C&$0*+ P"'#"+, 3*r "F"!3* # )*!*+"4#$#$, # 3r*+224%&', " #%*)*+!*, # $r*0#$%%&', *2r#+ @4" +*' r#'%#!"'2" #'2+*%#"+, / @4" 2#!3*%* +*' %*'2"!3#$#+, 3*r * 0"'"r#, 3*r # "/ 3"'#, %*!* # %*'2#!'#%&' $" #!>"'2", # 34>%$#$ !"'2r*+# / #>4+#, # #!#$# %r!'#$#$ $" %4"* >#'%*, "2%. I04#!"'2" '*+ 3*$"!*+ "'%*'2r#r %*' " %#+* $" $"2*, "+ $"%r, $" 23*+ %#r*+ "' " C&$0* P"'# @4" '* %*'2"'0#' 4'# %*'$4%2# #'2+*%#. Y# )# +4%"$$* "' # )+2*r#, # "+2"'%# $" 23*+ #>+4r$*+, "' *+ %4#"+ +" 3r*)>K# # +4F"2* #>rr $"2"r!'#$* '=!"r* $" "'2#'#+, * "!*+ 3*r "F"!3* #04'*+ C&$0*+ "' *+ %4#"+ "+ 4' $"2* " '* 2r#>#F#r @4" $"+$" 4"0* " '* 2r#>#F#r 34"$" +"r 4'# %*'$4%2# #'2+*%#, 3"r* 34"$" 2#!>' '* +"r#H. M4%)*+ $" *+ $"2*+, 3*K2%*+ "+2' "' "+2" %#+*J *+ $"2*+ 3*K2%*+ '* +"!3r" 23%#' %*'$4%2# #'2+*%#J "' !4%)#+ *%#+*'"+ * @4" 23%#' +*' %*'$4%2#+ @4" $##' +*#!"'2" # # %#+" $*!'#'2" * @4" 3*'"' "' 3"0r* # 0r43*, #!# * 3#r2$* "' " 3*$"r. Q#/ @4" 3*'"r #2"'%&' "' '* %*'4'$r )"%)* #'2+*%# %*' $"2*. E *>F"2* $" D"r"%)* P"'# +*' #+ '*r!#+ @4" r0"' # $"2*, @4" "+ "'2" / 04r# F4rK$%#J " *>F"2* $" # Cr!'**0K# "+ " )"%)* #'2+*%#, "'&!"'* / 3r*$4%2* $" # '#24r#"6#. P*r "+2*, 4'# $" #+ 4'%*'"+ $" %r!'&*0*, "+ $"2"r!'#r @4 %*'$4%2#+ +*' ""%2#!"'2" #'2+*%#"+ / %4#"+ '*, * @4" +' $4$# "+ 4' r"2* $"+$" 2*$*+ *+ 34'2*+ $" +2#. I.IO. ;ORMAS DE CONDUCTA P#r# 3r"%+#r %*' !#/*r %#r$#$ " *>F"2* $" "+24$* $" # Cr!'**0K#, "+ '"%"+#r* $+2'04r %4#2r* 23*+ $" %*'$4%2# S*%#, #+*%#, 3#r#+*%#, #'2+*%#. #H Conduc!a social# E+ # @4" %4!3" %*' #+ #$"%4#$#+ '*r!#+ $" %*'"'%#, # @4" '* #0r"$" "' *r!# #04'# # # %*"%2$#$, "+ # @4" %4!3" %*' " >"' %*!='. L# !#/*rK# $" #+ %*'$4%2#+ "' # )4!#'# %*'"'%# +*' $" "+2# %#+", '4"+2r#+ r"#%*'"+ %*' *+ +"!"F#'2"+ +04"' $"2"r!'#$#+ '*r!#+ F4rK$%#+, !*r#"+, +*%#"+H / >4+%#' # r"#6#%&' $" %"r LA CRIMINOLOGÍA :
2*+ #*r"+ #!+2#$, '"0*%*, *r#%&', #3r"'$6#F", "2%.H. A+K, " #++2r # 4'# %*'"r"'%#, r # 4' r"+2#4r#'2" # %*!"r %*' #!0*+, #>rr 4'# %4"'2# >#'%#r#, 0##'2"#r # 4'# $#!#, +*' "' 3r'%3*H %*'$4%2#+ +*%#"+. >H Conduc!a asocial# L# %*'$4%2# #+*%# "+ #@4"# @4" %#r"%" $" %*'2"'$* +*%#, '* 2"'" r"#%&' %*' #+ '*r!#+ $" %*'"'%# ' %*' " >"' %*!='. L# %*'$4%2# #+*%# +" r"#6# 3*r * 0"'"r# "' # +*"$#$, "' " #+#!"'2*. C4#'$* %"rr#!*+ # 34"r2# $" '4"+2r# #%*># *+ %*'"'%*'#+!*+ +*%#"+ @4"$#' 4"r#, # @4"$#!*+ +**+ '4"+2r# %*'$4%2# @4"$#, 3*r * 0"'"r#, $"+3r*+2# $" %*'2"'$* +*%# * #'2+*%#. %H Conduc!a arasocial# S" $# "' " %*'2"2* +*%#, 3"r* "+ $"r"'2" # #+ %*'$4%2#+ +"04$#+ 3*r # !#/*rK# $" %*'0*!"r#$* +*%#. E+ # '* #%"32#%&' $" *+ #*r"+ #$*32#$*+ 3*r # %*"%2$#$,
3"r* +' $"+2r4r*+J '* r"#6# " >"' %*!=', 3"r* '* * #0r"$". C"r2#+ !*$#+, %"r2*+ 4+*+ * %*+24!>r"+ $"r"'2"+, +*' %#32#$*+ 3*r # !#/*rK# %*!* "2r##0#'2"+ * r#'%#!"'2" $"+#$*+. L# $"r"'%# %*' # %*'$4%2# #+*%# "+ @4" # 3#r#+*%# '* 34"$" +"r #+#$#, '"%"+2# $" *+ $"!+ 3#r# 3*$"r $#r+". $H Conduc!a an!isocial# V# %*'2r# " >"' %*!=', #2"'2# %*'2r# # "+2r4%24r# >+%# $" # +*%"$#$, $"+2r4/" +4+ #*r"+ 4'$#!"'2#"+, "+*'# #+ '*r!#+ ""!"'2#"+ $" %*'"'%#. E "F"!.3* @4" 34"$" $#r+" $" "+2# *r!# $" %*'$4%2# "+ %+%* " 3r#r $" # $# # 4' +"!"F#'2" "+*'# " >"' %*!='J "+ 4'# %*'$4%2# '$"+"#>", $## '* +&* # # K%2!#, +'* # # #!# / # # +*%"$#$J $"+2r4/" " #*r +43r"!* # $#, +' " %4# '* 34"$"' $#r+" *+ *2r*+ >"'"+. A # Cr!'**0K# '2"r"+#' +*>r" 2*$* #+ %*'$4%2#+ #'2+*%#"+, 3"r* "+2* '* !3%# @4" $"+#2"'$# # #+ %*'$4%2#+ 3#r#+*%#"+, "' %4#'2* @4" #04'#+ $" +2#+ 34"$"' %*'"r2r+" %*' %"r2# #%$#$ "' %*'$4%2#+ r#'%#!"'2" #'2+*%#"+. E+ $" #%#r#r+" @4" " 2r!'* $" conduc!a des!3ada, 2#' 426#$* #%24#!"'2", "+ $" 0r#' 42$#$, 3r'%3#!"'2" 3*r +"r $"+%r32* / '* 2*r#2*,c / '*+*2r*+ * 4+#r"!*+ "' *r!# 0"'"r#, 34"+ 4'# %*'$4%2# $"+#$# "+ 4'# %*'$4%2# diferen!e $" # 0"'"r#$#$, / 34"$" +"r 3#r#+*%# * #'2+*%#, *, "' #04'*+ %#+*+ +!3"!"'2" #+*%#. 85 Cr. ROC, PAUL. e+ian! r#r/. L*'$r"+, G B.. 19(, 3. 19 / ++. # CRIMINOLOGÍA
1.11. TIPOS DE SUETO C4#@4"r 3"r+*'# 34"$" %*!"2"r #%2*+ +*%#"+, #+*%K#"+, 3#r#+*%#"+ * #'2+*%#"+, 3"r* %4#'$* 3r"#"%" $"2"r!'#$* 23* $" %*'$4%2#, 3*$"!*+ 426#r *2r* '" $" '2"r3r"2#%&', / #+K $+2'04r +4F"2*+ +*%#"+, #+*%K#"+, 3#r#+*%#"+ * #'2+*%#"+. #H (u*e!o social# P*r * %*!=' " %*'%"32* $" +*%#>$#$ +" '2"r3r"2# %*!* #%$#$ $" '2"rr"#%&', $" %*!4'%#%&' )4!#'#J 3#r# *+ ""%2*+ $" # !#2"r# +" $">" %*'+$"r#r %*!* %4!3!"'2* $" #+ '*r!#+ $" %*'"'%# / r"#6#%&' $" >"' %*!=' >H (u*e!o asocial# S" #3#r2# $" # +*%"$#$, '* %*'" %*' "#, " '$"3"'$"'2"!"'2", '* 2"'" '#$# @4" "r %*' " >"' %*!=', 3"r* +' #0r"$r # # %*!4'$#$. E' # #'20"$#$ 2"'"!*+ #r*+ "F"!3*+ $" "+2*+ +4F"2*+ "' # 3"r+*'# $" *+ #'#%*r"2#+, @4" +" +"3#r#>#' $" # +*%"$#$ 3#r# r '$"3"'$"'2"+, )#%'$*+" %*!3#K# # +K !+!*+, %*' " $"+"* @4 ( "0*K+2#H $" +4 3"r+*'# +43"r#%&'. E' # #%24#$#$ #=' '*+ "'%*'2r#!*+ %*' " !+'2r*3* #+#$*, * %*' 3#22%*+ %#+*+ 3#2*&0%*+ %*!* 34"$" +"r* " "+@46*r'%*, @4" " +4 3"r+*'# !4'$* '2"r'*. %H (u*e!o arasocial# S" $# 3#r#"#!"'2", # #$* $" # +*%"$#$J '* %r"" "' +4+ #*r"+, 3"r* '* +" #3#r2# $" "#, +'* @4" %*!3#r2" +4+ >"'"%*+, "' !4%)* $"3"'$" $" "# 3#r# +*>r"r. E+ " "F"!3* $" %"r2#+ +"%2#+ * 0r43*+ !'*r2#r*+, '%r4+2#$*+ "' # +*%"$#$, * $" #+ +4>%424r#+ @4" %*rr"' 3#r#"#+ # # 0r#' %424r# %*"%2#. E +4F"2* 3"r2"'"%"'2" # "+2*+ 0r43*+ '* #%"32#
#+ '*r!#+ +*%#"+ * F4rK$%#+, 3"r* #+ %4!3" "' " !K'!* +4%"'2" 3#r# "2#r +"r !*"+2#$*. N* '2r*/"%2# *+ #*r"+ 0"'"r#"+ ' 4%)# 3*r " >"' %*!=', 34"+ 2"'" +4+ 3r*3*+ #*r"+ / 4%)# 3*r " >"' $" +4 0r43*, %#4+# * $"#. L# Cr!'**0K# #%24# r"%*'*%" "' "+2*+ +4F"2*+ " $"r"%)* # +"r $"r"'2". L* !+!* 3*$"!*+ $"%r $" #%*)&%*, " !*+'"r*, " 2*%&!#'*, " )*!*+"4#, "2%. $H (u*e!o an!isocial# A0r"$" # >"' %*!=', $"+2r4/" *+ #*r"+ >+%*+ $" # +*%"$#$, '* r"+3"2# #+ "/"+ ""!"'2#"+ $" %*'"'%#, '* " "' +*%"$#$ +'* %*'2r# "#. R"+3"%2* # +4F"2* #'2+*%# 3*$"!*+ )#%"r # !+!# r""&' @4" )%!*+ %*' #+ %*'$4%2#+ #'2+*%#"+ # # Cr!'**0K# '2"r"+#' +*>r" 2*$* *+ +4F"2*+ #'2+*%#"+, 3"r* "+2* '* !3%# @4" $"+ LA CRIMINOLOGÍA $
%4$"!*+ # *+ +4F"2*+ 3#r#+*%#"+, @4" "' 4' !*!"'2* $#$* 34"$"' %*'"r2r+" "' #'2+*%#"+. A+K, " )*!*+"4# @4" 3"r"r2" '*+, * " 2*%&!#'* @4" 2r#%# %*' $r*0#, '* 34"$"' %*'+$"r#r+" /# %*!* 3#r#+*%#"+, )#' "'2r#$* # # %#2"0*rK# $" #'2+*%#"+. E' %4#'2* # *+ su*e!os des+iados, "+ 3r"%+* )#%"r # !+!# #%#r#%&' )"%)# 3#r# #+ %*'$4%2#+ $"+#$#+ +4F"2* $"+#$* "+ #@4" @4" 2*!# 4' 3#2r&' $" %*!3*r2#!"'2* $"r"'2" # $" %*!=' $" # %*"%2$#$, / 3*r * 2#'2*, " $"+#$* 34"$" +"r #+*%#, 3#r#+*%# * #'2+*%#. L# $"r"'%# +"r $" !3*r2#'%# +43r"!# "' " !*!"'2* $" 3#'"#r, "F"%42#r / "#4#r # P*K2%# Cr!'*&0%#. I.I:. CRIMEN, CRIMINAL, CRIMINALIDAD E' Cr!'**0K#, " "'&!"'* #'2+*%# 34"$" #'#6#r+" "' $"r"'2"+ '""+J # $+2'%&' "+ !3*r2#'2", 34"+ 2"'" %*'+"%4"'%#+ !"2*$*&0%#+ " '2"r3r"2#2#+ '*2#>"+. E+ '"%"+#r* #$"#'2#r #04'*+ $#2*+ +*>r" *+ '""+ $" '2"r3r"2#%&' %r!'*&0%#, 34"+ # %*'4+&' "'2r" "*+ "# # !4/ +"r#+ "@4*%#%*'"+, #+K $">"!*+ $+2'04r, %*!* * )#%" P'#2"a #H Crimen# C*'$4%2# #'2+*%# 3r*3#!"'2" $%)#, "+ 4' "3+*$* @4" 2"'" "' 3r'%3*, 4' $"+#rr** / 4' '. E' "+2" '" +" #'#6#' 2*$*+ *+ #%2*r"+ / %#4+#+ @4" %*'%4rr"r*' 3#r# # 3r*$4%%&' $" ""'2*. L*+ #+3"%2*+ >*&0%*+, 3+%*&0%*+, #'2r*3*&0%*+, @4" "#r*' # 3#+* # #%2*. S" $">" r"%*r$#r @4" %*'$4%2# #'2+*%# / $"2* +*' $*+ %*'%"32*+ $"r"'2"+, / @4" '* 3*$"!*+ '2"r3r"2#r " %r!"' %*!* " $"2* F4rK$%*, "+ $"%r, %*!* # *#%&' # # "/ 3"'#. L#+ #%24#%*'"+ F4$%#"+ "' " %#+* $" 4' $"2* 34"$"' +"r $" 0r#' '2"r+ # %r!'&*0*, 3"r* '* $">" 04#r+" 2#' +** 3*r "#+. A$"!+, $">" 2"'"r+" "' %4"'2# @4" !4%)#+ %*'$4%2#+ #'2+*%#"+ '* "+2' 23%#$#+, / '* 3*r "+* " %r!'&*0* $"F#r $" #'#6#r#+. >H Criminal# E+ " #42*r $" %r!"', "+ " +4F"2* '$$4#, #%2*r 3r'%3# $" $r#!# #'2+*%#. E' " !*!"'2* #%24#, " %*'%"32* $" %r!'# * +4F"2* #'2+*%# "+ !4/ #!3* / '* +" !2# # 'r#%2*r # # "/ 3"'#. P"'+#'$* @4" *+ 2r!'*+ %r!'# / #'2+*%# 34"$"' +"r "+20!#26#'2"+ / #*r#2*+, +" )# 3r*34"+2* "' +4 40#r 426#r " %*' PiNATEL) QEAN. Op. cit.j 5. ' 9 "".
& CRIMINOLOGÍA
%"32* $" $"+#$*, @4" 34"$" +"r !+ $"+%r32*, +' "!>#r0*, "+ '"%"+#r* +"##r @4" '* 2*$* $"+#$* "+ #'2+*%#, / 3*r * 2#'2* %r!'#. %H Criminalidad# E+ " %*'F4'2* $" #+ %*'$4%2#+ #'2+*%#"+ @" +" 3r*$4%"' "' 4' 2"!3* / 40#r $"2"r!'#$*+. P#r# 3*$"r "+24$#r # %r!'#$#$, "+ '"%"+#r# # '2"r"'%&' $" # D"!*0r#K#, # Q+2*r#, # E2'*0r#K#, # P+%**0K# S*%#, # E+2#$K+2%#, "2%. S" 2r#2# 34"+ $" 4' #'++ 0*># $" "'&!"'*. L# '2"r3r"2#%&' $" # %r!'#$#$ %*!* # 2*2#$#$ $" *+ $"2*+ %*!"2$*+ "' 4' 40#r / 3*%# $"2"r!'#$*+ "+ !4/ 0"'"r# / 3*r $"!+ "rr&'"#. E+ '$4$#>" @4" *+ $#2*+ $" !+ % #%%"+* +"#' *+ *%#"+, 2#"+ %*!* "+2#$K+2%#+ F4$%#"+. N* 3*$"!*+ *$#r @4" 0r#' 3#r2" $" # '"+20#%&' %r!'*&0%# #%24# "+2 $"$%#$# # # *>2"'%&' $" # %r# '"0r# $"2*+ '* %*'*%$*+ 3*r # #42*r$#$H, # # %r# $*r#$# %*'$4%2#+ #'2+*%#"+ / $"2*+ %*!"2$*+ 3*r 3*K2%*+, %*!3#K#+ 2r#'+'#%*'#"+, '4/"'2"+, '$4+2r#"+, "2%.H / # "+24$* $" %*'$4%2#+ $"+#$#+ * 3"0r*+#+ '* %*'+$"r#$#+ *%#!"'2" %*!* 2#"+. L# !3*r2#'%# $" # $"r"'%# "' *+ '""+ $" '2"r3r"2#%&' +#2# # # +2#, 34"+ '* "+ * !+!* )#>#r $" )*!%$*, @4" $" )*!%$#, @4" $" *+ )*!%$*+, "+ $"r"'2" "+24$#r 4' %*!3*r2#!"'2* #'2+*%#, 4' +4F"2* #'2+*%# * # #'2+*%#$#$. D">" "'2"'$"r+" 34"+ @4" # Cr!'**0K# "+24$# # %*'$4%2# #'2+*%# "' 2r"+ '""+ $+2'2*+ E %r!"', " %r!'# / # %r!'#$#$. V*"r"!*+ # 2"!# "' " %#3K24* $"$%#$* # # M"2*$**0K#. 1.1. LA CRIMINOLOGÍA CAUSAL E' # $"'%&' @4" '*+ )# +"r$* $" >#+", "'%*'2r#!*+ @4" # Cr!'**0K# "+ 4'# %"'%# +'22%#, %#4+# "3%#2#, '#24r# / %424r#, $" #+ %*'$4%2#+ #'2+*%#"+. E+ '"%"+#r* "3*'"r "' @4 +"'2$* # Cr!'**0K# "+ %#4+#. L# Cr!'**0K# '2"'2# $"+%r>r / "3%#r # %*'$4%2# #'2+*%#, +24#r# "' 4' !*!"'2* / 40#r $"2"r!'#$* / $#r "/"+ $" #3%#%&' 4'"r+#. P"r* '* "+ +*#!"'2" $"+%r32#, +'* @4" >4+%# #'2" 2*$* "'%*'2r#r #+ %#4+#+ @4" 3r*$4%"' / *+ #%2*r"+ @4" #*r"%"' " "'&!"'*, / 3*r * 2#'2* "'%*'2r#r # *r!# $" "2#r*. D" #@4K @4" # Cr!'**0K# +"# %"'%# #3%#$# / '* %"'%# 34r#, @4" +"# "!'"'2"!"'2" 3r%2%# / '* +*#!"'2" 2"&r%#, 34"+ LA CRIMINOLOGÍA %
>4+%# r"+*"r *+ 3r*>"!#+ %*'*%'$**+ / 3r*3*'"'$* !"$*+, 3#r# #2#%#r +4+ #%2*r"+ / %#4+#+. E+2* "+ * !+ #*+*, 34"+ # Cr!'**0K#, %*!* 2*$# %"'%# !*$"r'#, "+, #'2" 2*$*, 3r""'%&'. C#4+#, #%2*r, !& / #%2*r %#4+# +*' *+ #!#$*+ %*'%"32*+ *3"r#%*'#"+ $" *r$"' "3%#2*.__ E+ necesario dis!inguirlos, 34"+ son 426#$*+ "' Cr!'**0K# "' +"'2$* $"!#+#$* #!3* * "%"+#!"'2" r"+2'0$*. #H Causa, +"0=' # $"'%&' $" #+ N#%*'"+ U'$#+, "+ L# %*'$%&' '"%"+#r# +' # %4# 4' %"r2* %*!3*r2#!"'2* '* +" )4>"r# F#!+ !#'"+2#$*. C#4+# "+ # %*'"&' %*'+2#'2", 4'K*%# / $" %#r%2"r 0"'2%* "'2r" #%*'2"%!"'2*+ '#24r#"+J "3@4"!*+ "+2*+ %*'%"32*+
E+ %*'+2#'2" "' %4#'2* !3%# 4'# %*'"&' '"%"+#r#J "+ 4'"r+# 3*r@4" # %*'"&' "+ 2# @4" $#$* " ""%2*, +2" 2"'" 4'# %#4+#, / $#$# # %#4+# +2# 3r*$4%r 4' ""%2*J / "+ 0"'2%# /# @4" 4' +4%"+* "'0"'$r# *2r*, '* +*#!"'2" * #%*!3##. >H Fac!or, 3*r " %*'2r#r*, "+ 2*$* #@4"* @4" #*r"%" "' %4#@4"r *r!# " "'&!"'* %r!'#, #+K, " #%*)*+!*, # 3r*!+%4$#$, #+ #2"r#%*'"+ +*&0%#+, 34"$"' +"r #%2*r"+ %r!'&0"'*+. %H Mó+il, "+ " ""!"'2* +4>F"2* @4" "# # 4' +4F"2* "' 3#r2%4#r # r"#6#r 4'# %*'$4%2# #'2+*%#. $H Fac!or causal, "+ #@4" @4", +"'$* 4' !3""'2" 3#r# %*!"2"r " %r!"' "' * 0"'"r#, "# # 4' +4F"2* "' * 3#r2%4#r # r"#6#r*. A$"#'2#r"!*+ @4" *+ %*'%"32*+ *3"r#%*'#"+ '* 34"$"' #3%#r+" "' 2*$*+ *+ '""+ $" '2"r3r"2#%&', #+K, +"rK# "rr&'"* )#>#' $" %#4+#+ $" # %r!'#$#$, "' # @4" +*#!"'2" "+ $* !#'"F#r " %*'%"32* #%2*r"+. U'# "6 "'2"'$$* " +"'2$* "' " @4" 4+#!*+ " 2r#'* %#4+# "' "+2" %#3K24*, 3#+#!*+ # )#%"r 4'# $"r"'%# "'2r" # %#4+#$#$ %r!'*&0%# / # F4rK$%#. Cr!'*&0%#!"'2" >4+%#!*+ %#$"'#+ %#4+#"+, "+ $"%r, '* 2r#2#!*+ $" *%#6#r # %#4+# '!"$#2#, +'* #+ %#4+#+ !"$#2#+, #3%#!*+ " 3r'%3* causa causae causa causa!i es! # %#4+# $" # %#4+# "+ %#4+# $" * %#4+#$*H, +#>"!*+ @4" #2#%#r # %#4+# '!"$#2# '* r"+4"" " 3r*>"!#. E' # %#4+#$#$ F4rK$%*3"'# +** !3*r2# # %#4+# '!"$#2#, * +"# @4" >4+%#!*+ # r"#%&' %#4+#""%2* 4'$# 3*r " '"* %#4+#, &% PlNATEL) Op. dt.
CRIMINOLOGÍA
3*r * 2#'2* # %#4+# $" # %#4+# '* "+ 2*!#$# "' %4"'2# %*!* %#4+# $" * %#4+#$*. L# %#4+# #@4K "+ '2"r3r"2#$# %*!* # %*'"&' "'2r" # #%2$#$ / " r"+42#$* '#24r#J "' *+ %#+*+ $" *!+&', *+ F4r+2#+ '2"r3r"2#' @4", "' # '#%2$#$, # %*'"&' "+ '*r!#2#. E3@4"!*+ S 4' +4F"2* )"r" # *2r*, +2" "+ r"%*0$* 3*r 4'# #!>4#'%#, # %4# +4r" 4' #%%$"'2" / " )"r$* !4"r", # )"r$*r '* 34"$" r"+3*'+#>6r+"" F4rK$%#!"'2" 3*r )*!%$*, +'* +*#!"'2" 3*r "+*'"+, # %#$"'# %#4+# )# +$* r*2#. S 4' +4F"2* %*!"2" 4' $"2* %*'$4%"'$* +4 #42*!& "' "+2#$* #%*)&%*, / +#>"!*+ @4" # "!>r#04"6 "+ # %#4+# $" $"2*, %*!* %r!'&*0*+ >4+%#r"!*+ # %#$"'# %#4+# P*r @4 +" "!>*rr#%)# " +4F"2* S43*'0#!*+ @4" * )#%" 3*r 4' 3r*>"!# 3+%*&0%*, %#4+#$* # +4 "6 3*r 4' 2r#4!# +4r$* "' # '"6 3*r %43# $" +4+ 3#$r"+. E+2* "+ '2r#+%"'$"'2" 3#r# " $"r"%)*, '* 34"$" r"+3*'+#>6#r+" # *+ 3#$r"+, 3"r* "+ $" 0r#' '2"r+ 3#r# " %r!'&*0*, @4" $">" #2#%#r # %#4+# 3r!#r#. 1.17. LO EXPLICATIVO EN CRIMINOLOGÍA L* "3%#2* "' Cr!'**0K#, +0'%# @4" +2# r"%*rr" *+ 2r"+ '""+ $" '"+20#%&' $"+%r3%&', %#+%#%&' / "3%#%&'. #H escrición# D"+%r>r "+ r"3r"+"'2#r " #+3"%2* $" #+ %*+#+, "+ $"'r !3"r"%2#!"'2" #0*, '* 3*r +4+ 3r"$%#$*+ "+"'%#"+, +'* $#'$* 4'# $"# 0"'"r# $" +4+ 3#r2"+ * 3r*3"$#$"+. >H Clasificación# E 3#+* +04"'2" "+ " $" # %#+%#%&', " '2"'2*
$" "+2#>"%"r 4'# 23**0K#, " *r$"'#r * $+3*'"r 3*r %#+"+. %H /xlicación# L# "3%#%&' %*'++2" "' " '2"'2* $" r"$4%r "/"+J " ' =2!* $" 2*$# %"'%#, %*!* $%" D4"r0"r, "+ *r!4#r "/"+, "+ $"%r r"#%*'"+ %*'+2#'2"+ "'2r" "'&!"'*+._ L# "3%#%&' Cr!'*&0%# !3%# # $"+%r3%&' / %#+%#%&' $" #+ %*'$4%2#+ %r!'#"+, 3"r* "+ #$"!+ # 3r"%+&' $" *+ $"r+*+ 3r*%"+*+ "+2"'2"+, $" *+ "'#%"+ '2"r'*+ $" *+ $"r"'2"+ "'&!"'*+ / $" +4+ %*'"*'"+ %*' *2r*+ 3r*%"+*+, $"2"r!'#'$* #+ %#r#%2"rK+2%#+ $" # '2"r"'%&' $" *+ $"r+*+ #%2*r"+ %r!'&0"'*+. DUVERGER) MAURICE. Método de la Ciencia !oci"e, E*ii!:0" A,i0l. B,0l!:) E"5) 4'%) 5. 6$. LA CRIMINOLOGÍA :9
1.15. LA CRIMINOLOGÍA COMO CIENCIA NATURAL Y CULTURAL MANUEL LÓPEZ REY / ARROO 2"'" 4'* $" *+ "+24$*+ !+ '2"r"+#'2"+ +*>r" # Cr!'**0K#, $+%42"'$* _ "+ * '* 4'# %"'%#J #Kr!# @4" " #!*+* %r2"r* $%*2&!%* $" #+ %"'%#+ $" '$">#'$ / R%]"r2 )# +$* /# 2*2#!"'2" +43"r#$*, / @4" '* "+ +*+2"'>" # "0"'%# $" 4' !2*$* / 4' *>F"2* 3r*3*+._ E+ $"%r, #%24#!"'2" /# '* 3*$"!*+ )#%"r 4'# $"r"'%# %#r# "'2r" %"'%#+ '#24r#"+ / %"'%#+ %424r#"+, /# @4" 2"'"!*+ 4'# '4"# 3/#$" $" %"'%#+ @4" '* 3*$"!*+ $"%r + +*' '#24r#"+ * %424r#"+. L# Cr!'**0K# "+ 4'# %"'%# '#24r# / %424r#J # #'204# $"r"'%# "'2r" %"'%#+ '#24r#"+ / %424r#"+ )# $"+#3#r"%$*, #%24#!"'2" #+ %"'%#+ '#24r#"+ 2"'"' 4'# "3%#%&' / 4' %*'2"'$* %424r#, / #+ %"'%#+ %424r#"+ '* 34"$"' "3%#r+" +' # #/4$# / #4* $" #+ %"'%#+ '#24r#"+J # Cr!'**0K# "+ 4'# %"'%# '#24r# "' %4#'2* "+24$# # %*'$4%2# #'2+*%# %*!* )"%)* $" # '#24r#"6#, "' %4#'2* "+24$# # %r!'# %*!* 4' +"r '#24r#, %*!* 4' +"r >*&0%*J 3*r *2r# 32#r2" "+ %424r# "' %4#'2* @4" " %r!"' "+ 4' 3r*$4%2* +*%#. T*$* $"2* +" $# $"'2r* $" 4' %*'2"2* +*%#, $"'2r* $" 4' %*'2"'$* %424r# * +4>%424r#. L# 34r"6# $" #+ %"'%#+ # @4"$#'$* #2r+, # P+%**0K# +** +" "'2"'$" $"+$" 4' '04* >*+*%#, # !"$%'# #%24# "+ 3+%*+*!2%# / %*!4'2#r#, / 2*$# # %"'%# $" )*/ # )#%# +*4%*'"+ '2"r$+%3'#r#+, 34"+ %*' )4!$#$ r"%*'*%" @4" 4'# +*# %"'%# '* 34"$" r"+*"r 3r*>"!#+ %*!3"F*+, / @4" # %"'%# 34r#, +' #3%#%&' %*'%r"2# # ##r *+ 3r*>"!#+ $" %*'0*!"r#$* +*%#, $">" +"r +43"r#$#, 3r'%3#!"'2" + +" 2r#2# $" 4'# %"'%# +*%*%424r#. 1.1. ;INALIDAD DE LA CRIMINOLOGÍA L# Cr!'**0K# "+ 4'# @"'%# $" #3%#%&' 3r%2%#. B4+%# #'2"+ @4" '#$# " %*'*%"r #+ %*'$4%2#+ #'2+*%#"+ / +4+ #%2*r"+ %#4+#"+ 3#r# "2#r*+, 3#r# %*!>#2r*+, '* +" %*!3"2# "' # %*!3r"'+&' 9 LÓPEZ REY Y ARROO, MANUEL. "n!roducción al /s!udio de la Criminología# E A2"'"*. B4"'*+ Ar"+, Ar0"'2K#, 1975, 33. 9795. 67 CRIMINOLOGÍA
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3"r* " 3*r@4 $" 4' %r!"' "' 3#r2%4#r, 3*r@4 4#' !#2& # P"$r*. B4+%#r #+ %#4+#+ 3*r #+ %4#"+ 4' '$$4* )# %*!"2$* 4' )"%)* #'2+*%#J + "+2" )"%)* #'2+*%# "+ 4' $"2*, 3#r# @4" " F4"6 34"$# F460#r ""%2#!"'2", 3*r@4" F460#r '* "+ '#$# !+ #3%#r 4' #r2K%4* $" C&$0* / # 3"'# @4" +2" +"##, /# @4" F460#r +0'%# !4%)* !+ @4" "+*, 3*r "+2* +" $">" 2"'"r 2#'2* r"+3"2* # # 4'%&' $" F4"6J / 3*+2"r*r!"'2" "+ '"%"+#r* 3*$"r %4r#r, 3*$"r +*%#6#r, 3*$"r '2"0r#r +*%#!"'2" # +4F"2* @4" )# %*!"2$* "+" )"%)* #'2+*%#, +"!3r" %*' # !r# $" # 3r""'%&', "+ $"%r, 3#r# 3r""'r @4" "+" +4F"2* r"'%$#. N* %#>" $4$# $" @4", %*!* $%" V"0# $" C#r#)*, # Cr!'**0K# CK'%# '*r!# "' " 3r*%"+*, "+%#r"%" "' " F4%* / %*#>*r# %*' # %"'%# 3"'2"'%#r# "' " %4!3!"'2* $" # +#'%&' *r$"'#$#. cae I'$4$#>"!"'2" @4" " %r!'&*0* "+24$# *+ 3r*>"!#+ / 3r*3*'" +*4%*'"+, #4'@4" '* +"!3r" +"# "+%4%)#$*, /# @4" # $"%+&' / "F"%4%&' $" *+ 3#'"+ 3r""'2*+ "+2 # %#r0* $" *r0#'+!*+ 3*r * 0"'"r# $" %#r%2"r *%#, / "' 2*$* " !4'$* "+ %*'*%$* " $*r%* "'2r" *+ 2%'%*+ / *+ $"%$$*r"+, +"3#r#%&' @4" "' #04'*+ %#!3*+ 2"'$" # #0r##r+", #4'@4" "' *2r*+ +" )#' _#$* ##'%"+ +#2+#%2*r*+. L* @4" !+ '*+ !3*r2# +"##r "' "+2" r"'0&' "+ " 3#r2%4#r %4$#$* @4" $">" 3*'"r+" # )#%"r %"'%# %r!'*&0%#, $" '* 3"r$"r $" +2# # '#$#$ 3r""'2# / $" >"' %*!=', 34"+ $" * %*'2r#r* 34"$" %#"r+" "' # Cr!'**0K# $" 0#>'"2", $" 2"*rK# >r#'2", 3"r* $" 42$#$ '4#. ! VEIGA DE CARVALHO) HILARIO. Criminología. Q!"2 B/"+"9) 0*i+!,. B,"il) 4'%S) 5. 4'.
CAPITULO II
CIENCIA Y MÉTODO CRIMINOLÓGICOS 1. I'2r*$4%%&'.:. L# Cr!'**0K# %*!* C"'%#.. L# Cr!'**0K#, C"'%# ;%2%#.7. M"2*$**0K#.5. E M2*$* "' Cr!'**0K#.. L# I'2"r$+%3'#.(. E+@4"!#+ Cr%4#r"+ / Or>2#"+.8. L# O>+"r#%&'.9. L# E3"r!"'2#%&'.1. L*+ N""+ $" I'2"r3r"2#%&'.11. E M2*$* / *+ N""+ $" I'2"r3r"2#%&'.g :. U2$#$ $" *+ N""+.1. R"0# $" # Pr!#%K# $" # D"+%r3%&'.17. L# E+2#$K+2%#.15. M"$*+ $" I'"+20#%&'. II. 1. INTRODUCCIÓN E' " 3r"+"'2" %#3K24* "3*'$r"!*+ #+ r#6*'"+ 3*r #+ @4" %*'+$"r#!*+ # # Cr!'**0K# %*!* 4'# %"'%# %2%#. A %*'2'4#%&' #'#6#!*+ *+ %*'%"32*+ $" !"2*$**0K# / !2*$*, $"r"'%#!*+ '2"r$+%3'# $" !42$+%3'#, / 3r*3*'"!*+ #04'*+ "+@4"!#+ $" 4'%*'#!"'2*. E+24$#!*+ *+ 3r*>"!#+ $" *>+"r#%&' / "3"r!"'2#%&', 3#r# 3#+#r # *+ '""+ $" '2"r3r"2#%&' %r!'*&0%#, '#6#'$* %*' *+ !"$*+ $" '"+20#%&' !+ 4+4#"+ "' Cr!'**0K#. II.:. LA CRIMINOLOGÍA COMO CIENCIA E' " %#3K24* #'2"r*r 2r#'+%r>!*+ #+ *3'*'"+ $" #04'*+ 2r#2#$+2#+ +*>r" # '#24r#"6# %"'2K%# $" # Cr!'**0K#, +#>"!*+ @4" #04'*+ # '"0#', '*+*2r*+ # #r!#!*+, / $">"!*+ #)*r# 4'$#!"'2#r
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04K"'2" #>".c_ O2r*+ #42*r"+ # $"'2%#' %*!* # "3%#%&' *>F"2# / r#%*'# $" U'"r+*.a_ L#+ %"'%#+ +" $$"' "' $*+ 0r#'$"+ %#2"0*rK#+ L#+ %"'%#+ *r!#"+ * $"#"+ / #+ %"'%#+ %2%#+, !#2"r#"+ * "!3Kr%#+. L#+ 3r!"r#+ 3r*$4%"' "'4'%#$*+ %*'++2"'2"+ "' r"#%*'"+ "'2r" +0'*+, "' 2#'2* @4" #+ +"04'$#+ +" r""r"' # +4%"+"+ / 3r*%"+*+. L#+ %"'%#+ *r!#"+ $"!4"+2r#' * 3r4">#'J #+ %"'%#+ %2%#+ "r%#' )3&2"++. L# L&0%# / # M#2"!2%# +*' %"'%#+ *r!#"+J # Cr!'**0K# "+ %"'%# #%2%#. L#+ %"'%#+ *r!#"+ 426#' # &0%# / !#'"F#' +K!>**+ #%K*+J #+ %"'%#+ %2%#+ r"@4"r"' #$"!+ $" # *>+"r#%&' /h* $" # "3"r!"'2#%&', / "!3"#' +K!>**+ '2"r3r"2#$*+. D" #%4"r$* # #+ $"'%*'"+ @4" $" %"'%# )"!*+ %2#$*, *+ r#+0*+ "+"'%#"+ $" 23* $" %*'*%!"'2* @4" #%#'6#' #+ %"'%#+ $" # '#24r#"6# / $" # +*%"$#$, %*!* # Cr!'**0K#, +*' # r#%*'#$#$ / # *>F"2$#$. P*r %*'*%!"'2* r#%*'# +" "'2"'$"a\_ a4 ?4" "+2 %*'+224$* 3*r %*'%"32*+, F4%*+ / r#%*%'*+, / '* 3*r +"'+#%*'"+, !0"'"+, 3#42#+ $" %*'$4%2#, "2%. =4 ?4" "+#+ $"#+ 34"$"' %*!>'#r+" $" #%4"r$* %*' #0=' %*'F4'2* $" r"0#+ &0%#+, %*' " ' $" 3r*$4%r '4"#+ $"#+ '"r"'%#+ $"$4%2#+H. c4 ?4" "+#+ $"#+ '* +" #!*'2*'#' %#&2%#!"'2", *, +!3"!"'2", "' *r!# %r*'*&0%#, +'* @4" S" *r0#'6#' "' ++2"!#+ $" $"#+, "+2* "+, "' %*'F4'2*+ *r$"'#$*+ $" 3r*3*+%*'"+ 2"*rK#+H. E+ $"%r, @4" "'%4"'2r# #+ %*'"*'"+ @4" +*' 3*+>"+ "'2r" !odos / %#$# 4'* $" *+ %*'*%!"'2*+ #$@4r$*+ / +*!"2" # 3r4"># 2#"+ %*'"*'"+, %*'r2'$*+" "+2*+ "' %*'*%!"'2*+ *>F"2*+. P*r %*'*%!"'2* *>F"2* +" "'2"'$"aa a4 ?4" %*'%4"r$# #3r*!#$#!"'2" %*' +4 *>F"2*J #" $"%r, @4" >4+%# #%#'6#r # "r$#$ %2%#. =4 ?4" "r%# # #$#32#%&' $" #+ $"#+ # *+ )"%)*+, r"%*rr"'$* # 4' %*!"r%* 3"%4#r %*' *+ )"%)*+ *>+"r#%&' / "3"r!"'2*+H , '2"r%#!>* @4" "+ %*'2r*#>" / )#+2# %"r2* 34'2* r"3r*$4%>". b1 B4NGE, MARIO. La Ciencia, su M'!odo y su Filosofía# S0* XX. B4"'*+ Ar"+, Ar0"'2#, 19(, 3. 9. : DE G%bTA, ELI. "n!roducción a la Lógica ial'c!ica# ;. C. E. / UNAM. M%*, 19(:, 3. 1. A%#r# $"+34+ @4" "+ $" #+ !#'"+2#%*'"+ $" 4'"r+*.H b Cr. B4NCE. # ci!#, 3. 15 / ++. 7 Cr. B4NGE. # ci!#, 33. 15 / ++. CIENCIA Y MÉTODOS CRIMINOLÓGICOS 66
II.. LA CRIMINOLOGÍA, CIENCIA ;ACTICA G*33NGER *3'# @4" L# Cr!'**0K# "+ 4'# %"'%# "!3Kr%# " '2"r$+%3'#r. S" *%43# $" #+ %r%4'+2#'%#+ $" # "+"r# )4!#'# / +*%# r"#%*'#$#+ %*' " +4r0!"'2*, # %*!+&' / # "2#%&' $" %r!"', #+K %*!* " 2r#2#!"'2* $" *+ *#$*r"+ $" # "/._ E+2#!*+ "' !4%)* $" #%4"r$* %*' " 3r*"+*r $" T4>'0#, / %*' #42*r"+ %*!* M"60"r / R46 ;4'"+,ca @4" r"!#r%#' " %#r%2"r "!3Kr%*
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& R46 ;UNES, MARUNO. Cr!'**0K# / +4 %*'2"'$*. 6e+is!a Criminalia# A* XVII. N 1. E$%*'"+ B*2#+, S. A., M%*, 1951, 3. :. b( B4NCE. # ci!#, 33. 1 / ++. 6 # CRIMINOLOGÍA
E %r!'&*0* r#%*'#6# # "3"r"'%# "' 40#r $" !2#r+" # $"+%r>r#. N* +*' *+ )"%)*+ 3*r +K !+!*+ +'* +4 "#>*r#%&' 2"&r%# / # %*!3#r#%&' $" #+ %*'+"%4"'%#+ $" #+ 2"*rK#+ %*' *+ $#2*+ *>+"r#%*'#"+, # 3r'%3# 4"'2" $" $"+%4>r!"'2* $" '4"*+ )"%)*+.a_ L# Cr!'**0K# "+ #'#K2%#J # '"+20#%&' %"'2K%# #>*r$# 3r*>"!#+ %r%4'+%r32*+, 4'* # 4'*, / 2r#2# $" $"+%*!3*'"r* 2*$* "' ""!"'2*+. I'2"'2# $"+%4>rr *+ ""!"'2*+ @4" %*!3*'"' %#$# 2*2#$#$ / #+ '2"r%*'"*'"+ @4" "3%#' +4 '2"0r#%&'. D" #@4K +" 3#r2r # # +K'2"++. L# '"+20#%&' %"'2K%# "+ "+3"%#6#$#. U'# %*'+"%4"'%# $" "'*@4" #'#K2%* $" *+ 3r*>"!#+ "+ # "+3"%#6#%&'. E+2* '* !3$" # K'2"r$+%3'# # # @4" '*+ r""rr"!*+ !+ #$"#'2". E %*'*%!"'2* %"'2K%* "+ %#r* / 3r"%+* S4+ 3r*>"!#+ +*' $+2'2*+, +4+ r"+42#$*+ +*' %#r*+. L# %"'%# 2*r'# 3r"%+* * @4" " +"'2$* %*!=' %*'*%" $" !#'"r# '">4*+#. E+2" 3r'%3* $">" +"r r"%#%#$*, 34"+ "+ %*2$#'* " @4" *+ 3r*>"!#+ %r!'*&0%*+ +"#' 2r#2#$*+ $" !#'"r# 40#r / #%"'2K%#, 4+#'$* +*#!"'2" " +"'2$* %*!='. P#r# BUNGE, # %#r$#$ / # 3r"%+&' +" *>2"'"' "' %"'%# $" #+ +04"'2"+ !#'"r#+ca
a4 L*+ 3r*>"!#+ +" *r!4#' $" !#'"r# %#r#. =4 L# %"'%# 3#r2" $" '*%*'"+ @4" 3#r"%"' %#r#+ # '* '%#$*. c4 L# %"'%# $"'" # !#/*rK# $" +4+ %*'%"32*+. d4 L# %"'%# %r"# "'04#F"+ #r2%#"+ '"'2#'$* +K!>**+. e4 L# %"'%# 3r*%4r# +"!3r" !"$r / r"0+2r#r *+ "'&!"'*+.
E %*'*%!"'2* %r!'*&0%* "+ %*!4'%#>" N* "+ '"#>" +'* "3r"+#>", '* "+ 3r#$* +'* 3=>%*. L# %*!4'%#>$#$ +" *0r# 0r#%#+ # # %#r$#$ / 3r"%+&' @4" +" )#/# $#$* # %*'*%!"'2*. E %*'*%!"'2* %r!'*&0%* "+ "r%#>" D">" #3r*>#r " "#!"' $" # "3"r"'%#. E+2* +" *0r# 3*r # *>+"r#%&' / # "3"r!"'2#%&'J !+ #$"#'2" #'#6#r"!*+ #+ 3*+>$#$"+ $" "3"r!"'2#%&' "' Cr!'**0K#. L# '"+20#%&' %r!'*&0%# "+ !"2&$%# N* "+ "rr2%# +'* 3#'"#$#. L*+ '"+20#$*r"+ '* 3#'2"#' "' # *>+%4r$#$ S#>"' & BUNGE. Op. cit., 5. 4.
b9 BUNGE. # ci!#, 33. :1::.
CIENCIA Y MÉTODOS CRIMINOLÓGICOS 6$
* @4" >4+%#' / %*!* "'%*'2r#r*. A !2*$* $"$%#r"!*+ # +"04'$# 3#r2" $" "+2" %#3K24*. E %*'*%!"'2* %r!'*&0%* "+ ++2"!2%* U'# %"'%# '* "+ 4' #0r"0#$* $" '*r!#%*'"+ '%*'"#+, +'* 4' ++2"!# $" $"#+ %*'"%2#$#+ &0%#!"'2" "'2r" +K. E %*'*%!"'2* %"'2K%* "+ 0"'"r# U>%# *+ )"%)*+ +'04#r"+ "' 3#42#+ 0"'"r#"+. T*$* )"%)* #'2+*%# "+ %#+%#>" / "0#. E 2r!'* "0# +" r""r" $"+$" 4"0* # "/"+ %"'2K%#+, / '* # "/"+ F4rK$%#+. E %*'*%!"'2* %r!'*&0%* "+ "0# B4+%# "/"+ $" # '#24r#"6# / $" # %424r#H / #+ #3%#. E %*'*%!"'2* %"'2K%* '+"r2# *+ )"%)*+ +'04#r"+ "' 3#42#+ 0"'"r#"+ #!#$#+ "/"+ '#24r#"+ * "/"+ +*%#"+, "' '4"+2r* %#+* 34"$" )#>#r+" $" Leyes Criminológica(* *>2"'$#+ # 3*'"r # 3r4"># #+ )3&2"++. L# Cr!'**0K# "+ "3%#2# I'2"'2# "3%#r *+ )"%)*+ "' 2r!'*+ $" "/"+, / +2#+ "' 2r!'*+ $" 3r'%3*+. E' +4 *3*r24'$#$ "+24$#!*+ " %*'%"32* $" * "3%#2* "' Cr!'**0K#, "' +4+ 2r"+ '""+ $" '"+20#%&' $"+%r3%&', %#+%#%&' / "3%#%&'. E %*'*%!"'2* %r!'*&0%* "+ 3r"$%#2* Tr#+%"'$" $" # !#+# $" "3"r"'%# $" *+ )"%)*+, !#0'#'$* %*!* 34"$" )#>"r +$* " 3#+#$* / %*!* 3*$r +"r " 424r*. L# 3r"$%%&' "+ "' 3r!"r 40#r 4'# !#'"r# "%#6 $" 3*'"r # 3r4"># #+ )3&2"++. N*+ $%" B4NGE @4" # 3r"$%%&' %"'2K%# +" %#r#%2"r6# 3*r +4 3"r"%2>$#$ #'2"+ @4" 3*r +4 %"r2"6#. E+2# r"0# r0" 3#r# 2*$# %"'%# 2%2%#, / $">" 2*!#r+" "' %4"'2#, /# @4" # Cr!'**0K# )# +$* %r2%#$# 3*r +4 '2"r+ "' )#%"r 3r*0'*++, / )#/ @4"' '"0# # 3*+>$#$ $" *0r#r*. L# Cr!'**0K# "+ #>"r2# N* r"%*'*%" >#rr"r#+ a riori @4" !2"' " %*'*%!"'2*. L# %"'%# %#r"%" $" #*!#+ "$"'2"+J " '%4+* *+ 3r'%3*+ !+ 0"'"r#"+ / +"04r*+ +*' 3*+24#$*+ @4" 34"$"' +"r %*rr"0$*+ * r""!3#6#$*+. A +"r " %*'*%!"'2* %"'2K%* #>", " %r!'&*0* '* %r"" 3*+""r # "r$#$, +!3"!"'2" 3r"+"'2# 2"*rK#+ 3#r# @4" 34"$#' +"r r"42#$#+, #%"32#$#+, %*rr"0$#+ * !2#$#+J "+2 %*'+%"'2" $" @4" $">" +"r 0"'"r#$*r $" 3r*>"!#+ !+ @4" %*"%2*r $" %*'*%!"'2*+.
R"%4"r$* @4", # 0#'#r # *3*+%&' "' # %2"$r# $" Cr!'**0K# "' # U'"r+$#$ $" M%*, ! 3r"$"%"+*r, " M#"+2r* ?4r*6 C4#r&', !" $* %*!* %*'+"F* '* 2r#2"+ $" "'+"#r, " #3r"'$6#F" "+ 4' 3r*%"+* #%2*, " !#"+2r* '* r"+4"" 3r*>"!#+, *+ 3#'2"#, " "r$#$"r* !#"+2r* "+ 4' #02#$*r $" #+ %*'%"'%#+... 6 & C6UMIfOLOGfA
L# Cr!'**0K# "+ =2 P*r@4" >4+%# # "r$#$, # %"'%# "+ "%#6 "' # 3r*+&' $" )"rr#!"'2#+ 3#r# " >"' / 3#r# " !#. L# 42$#$ $" # %"'%# "+ 4'# %*'+"%4"'%# $" +4 *>F"2$#$ S' 3r*3*'"r+" '"%"+#r#!"'2" #%#'6#r r"+42#$*+ #3%#>"+, # '"+20#%&' *+ 3r*"" # # %*r2# * # # #r0#. A@4K $">"!*+ #$"#'2#r 4'# *6 $" #"r2#, /# @4" " %r!'&*0* %*!* %4#@4"r %"'2K%*H "+2 "34"+2* # @4" +4+ %*'*%!"'2*+ +" "!3""' $" !#'"r# '!*r# * r#'%#!"'2" #'2+*%#. E $*r%* "'2r" #@4"*+ @4" $">"' 2*!#r $"%+*'"+ / " %"'2K%* "' "+2" %#+* " %r!'&*0*H "+ !4/ 0r#". L# r"+3*'+#>$#$ $" #3%#r # %"'%# %*' '"+ 3r%2%*+ "+ r"+3*'+#>$#$ $" *+ 2%'%*+, / +4 #3%#%&' "' >"' $" # %*!4'$#$ "+ r"+3*'+#>$#$ $" *+ 3*K2%*+. E+ '*2#>" %*!* !"'2r#+ @4" " )*!>r" !"$* '* +" #2r"" /# # 2*%#r 4'# +!3" r#%24r# $" )4"+*+, / !4%)* !"'*+ # 2r#2#r 4' 2r#+2*!* 0#'$4#r %4#@4"r#, * '%4+* # "3*r#r " ++2"!# $" "r!"'2*+ / !'"r#"+ "' " *r0#'+!* )4!#'*, !4%)*+ "0*+ %r""' 3*$"r )#%"r #3*r2#%*'"+ $"%+#+ #%"r%# $" #+ %#4+#+ 3+K@4%#+ * +*%#"+ $" %r!"'.\_a II.7. METODOLOGÍA D" 0r"0* m'!odos, !2*$*J / logas, 2r#2#$*, "+ # %"'%# $" !2*$* / $" # ++2"!#26#%&' %"'2K%#. P#r# PARDINAS, L# M"2*$**0K# "+ " "+24$* $" !2*$*, $" 3r*%"$!"'2* 3#r# #$@4rr * $"+%4>rr %*'*%!"'2*+, / "' *2r# 3#r2" *3'# @4" M"2*$**0K# E+ " "+24$* %rK2%* $" !2*$*.\_\\\\ E' B*4DON / LAZAR;ELD "'%*'2r#!*+ @4" M"2*$**0K# "+ 4' #'++ ++2"!2%* $" *+ 3r*%"$!"'2*+, )3&2"++ / !"$*+ $" "3%#%&' %*' @4" '*+ "'%*'2r#!*+ "' # '"+20#%&' "!3Kr%#. L# !3*r2#'%# $" # !"2*$**0K# "+2 "' @4" 3"r!2" 4'# 2"*r6#%&' !+ "%#6 $" *+ "'&!"'*+ +*%#"+.\\_ %7 GOPPINGER. Op. Cit., 5. &$. %4 PARDiiKA") FELIPE. Metodología # $écnica de In%etigación en Ciencia !ociale.
I:+,!*/i@: 0l0;0:+l. E*. Si) GUILLERMINA. Manual para elaborar trabajo de In%etigación Documental. 6K E*ii@:. UNAM. M23i!) D. F.) 4'%%) 5. 47. %6 B!/DON) RAYMOND LA>ARFELD) IAUL) Metodología de la Ciencia !ociale. T!;! II. E*i+!,il Li. B,0l!:) 4'%#) 5. 6$6. CIENCIA Y MÉTODOS CRIMINOLÓGICOS S%
P#r2"'$* $" "+2*+ %*'%"32*+, 3*$"!*+ "'2"'$"r 3*r !"2*$**0K# %r!'*&0%# # "+24$* #'#K2%* / %rK2%* $" *+ !2*$*+ $" '"+20#%&' 426#$*+ 3*r # Cr!'**0K#, II.5. EL MÉTODO EN CRIMINOLOGÍA M2*$* "+ " !"$* $" @4" +" #" * " %#!'* @4" +04" 4'# %"'%# 3#r# #$@4rr " %*'*%!"'2* $" +4 *>F"2*\a P#r# PARDINAS, M2*$* "+ 4'# +4%"+&' $" 3#+*+ 0#$*+ "'2r" +K 3*r 4' 3r*3&+2*.\ Y !2*$* $" 2r#>#F* %"'2K%* "+ # +4%"+&' $" 3#+*+ @4" $">"!*+ $#r 3#r# $"+%4>rr '4"*+ %*'*%!"'2*+ * "'
*2r#+ 3##>r#+, 3#r# %*!3r*>#r * $"+#3r*>#r )3&2"++ @4" "3%#' * 3r"$%"' %*'$4%2#+ $" "'&!"'*+, $"+%*'*%$*+ )#+2# " !*!"'2*.i M2*$* "+ " !*$* $" )#%"r %*' *r$"' 4'# %*+#, "+ " 3r*%"$!"'2* @4" +" +04" "' #+ %"'%#+ 3#r# %*'*%"r +4 *>F"2* / "'+"#r*. DK%!"'2" 34"$" )#>#r+" $" !2*$* 3r*3*, 3"r* "+2" "+ 4' 3r*>"!# "' r"#$#$ $" 2*$#+ #+ %"'%#+ !*$"r'#+. U'* $" *+ "F"!3*+ @4" '*+ "+ !+ %"r%#'* "+ " $" # C"'%# $" D"r"%)*J +"!3r" +" %*'+$"r& @4" "+2# %"'%# 2"'K# 4' !2*$* 3r*3* $" '"+20#%&', +' "!>#r0*, "!*+ @4" #)*r# # !"2*$**0K# $" *2r#+ %"'%#+ "'" '#$"'$* " !4'$* $" #+ %"'%#+ F4rK$%#+ / #+K, #%24#!"'2" 4' 0r43* $" 3r*"+*r"+ $" # U'"r+$#$ N#%*'# "+2 "3%#'$* " D"r"%)* P"'# $"+$" " 34'2* $" +2# *0l !2*$* &0%* +!>&%* &0%*!#2"!2%* $%"' "*+H, *2r*+ "+2' )#%"'$* '2"'2*+ $" )#%"r 4'# S*%**0K# 4rK$%#, 2r#/"'$* !"2*$**0K# +*%*&0%#, / "+ '*2#>" " "+4"r6* $" !#"+2r* P'# / P##%*+ 3*r *0r#r 4' D"r"%)* Pr*%"+# P"'# %*' !3%#%*'"+ %r!'*&0%#+. L# Cr!'**0K#, +"'$* %"'%#, $">" +"r !"2&$%#, 2"'" ?/0 2"'"r 4' !2*$*, / "+2" "+ " !2*$* %"'2K%* "' 0"'"r#. D" #%4"r$* # 3r*/"%2* $" '"+20#%&' +"r # !*$#$#$ @4" #$*32"!*+. E+2#!*+ %*'+%"'2"+ $" @4" " !2*$* %"'2K%* '* "+ 4'# +2# $" r"%"2#+ 3#r# $#r %*' #+ r"+34"+2#+ %*rr"%2#+ # #+ 3r"04'2#+ %"'2K%#+, +'* " %*'F4'2* $" 3r*%"$!"'2*+ 3*r *+ %4#"+ #H S" 3#' J= Cf,. APEL) MAX 9 L/:8) PETER. Diccionario de &iloo'ía. UTEHA. M23i!) 4'&4) 5. 44. %& PARBINAS. Op. cit., 5. #6. %fi Ibidetn.
8 CRIMINOLOGÍA
2"#' *+ 3r*>"!#+ %"'2K%*+. Y, >H S" 3*'"' # 3/4"># #+ )3&2"++ %"'2K%#+.__ L* #'2"r*r "+ !3*r2#'2", /# @4" "' *%#+*'"+ +" "0" $" %r!'&*0* r"%"2#+ %#+ !0%#+ 3#r# #%#>#r %*' # %r!'#$#$ * 3#r# r" #$#32#r # %r!'#. N*+ 3#r"%" $" 42$#$ r"%*r$#r #+ +"'%#+ r"0#+ 4'$#!"'2#"+ $" !2*$* @4" "'4'%& DESCARTES ..- 1. N* #$!2r %*!* "r$#$"r# %*+# #04'# @4" '* +43"+" %*' "$"'%# @4" * "+. :. D$r %#$# 4'# $" #+ $%42#$"+ @4" "#!'#+", "' %4#'2#+ 3#r2"+ 4"r" 3*+>" / "' %4#'2#+ r"@4r"+" +4 !"F*r +*4%&'. . C*'$4%r *r$"'#$#!"'2" !+ 3"'+#!"'2*+, "!3"6#'$* 3*r *+ *>F"2*+ !+ +!3"+ / !+ %"+ $" %*'*%"r, 3#r# r #+%"'$"'$* 3*%* # 3*%*, 0r#$4#!"'2", )#+2# " %*'*%!"'2* $" *+ !+ %*!34"+2*+ " '%4+* +43*'"'$* 4' *r$"' "'2r" *+ @4" '* +" 3r"%"$"' '#24r#!"'2". 7. Q#%"r "' 2*$* 4'*+ r"%4"'2*+ 2#' '2"0r#"+ / 4'#+ r"+*'"+ 2#' 0"'"r#"+, @4" "0#+" # "+2#r +"04r* $" '* *!2r '#$#. E' 4' +"'2$* !+ !*$"r'*, r"+4!"'$* # BUNGE, "'%*'2r#!*+ @4" #+ r"0#+ $" !2*$* %"'2K%* +*' ..- . E #'++ &0%* 2#'2* +'2%2%* %*!* +"!'2%*H, "+ # 3r!"r# *3"r#%&' @4" $">"r# "!3r"'$"r+" # %*!3r*>#r #+ )3&2"++ %"'2K%#+. :. E !2*$* %"'2K%*, #3%#$* # # %*'r!#%&' $" #r!#%*'"+ '*r!#2#+, +" r"$4%" # !2*$* "3"r!"'2#. V"r infra +*>r" # !2#%&' "3"r!"'2# "' Cr!'**0K#H.
. O>+r"'+" +'04#r"+ "' >4+%# $" ""!"'2*+ $" 3r4"># $" 4'"r+#"+. 7. ;*r!="'+" 3r"04'2#+ 3r"%+#+. 5. L# r"%*"%%&' / " #'++ $" $#2*+ $">"' )#%"r+" %*'*r!" # #+ r"0#+ $" # "+2#$K+2%#. . N* "+2"' r"+34"+2#+ $"'2#+, / "* +!3"!"'2" 3*r@4" '* "+2"' 3r"04'2#+ '#"+. C*!* 3*$"!*+ *>+"#r, 4'# ## !"2*$*&0%# 34"$" "#r %!"'2" # 4' "rr*r %"'2K%* # !"2*$**0K# "+ '$+3"'+#>", +' "!>#r0*, "+ '"%"+#r* r"%*r$#r, %*!* * )#%" G*33'0"r, @4" (( Cr. B4NCE. # ci!#, 3. 5. (8 DESCARTES, RENE. iscurso del M'!odo y Medi!aciones Me!afísicas# 9e E$%&'J E+3#+# C#3" Ar0"'2'#, S. A. B4"'*+ Ar"+, 1951, 3 . 8. T#!>' "' E$2*r# Br404"r#, E+3##. 19(:, 3 . 89. (9 B4NGE. # ci!#, 33. 5: / ++.
CIENCIA Y MÉTODOS CRIMINOLÓGICOS 6'
P*r !4%)# #2# @4" )#0# # r""&' !"2*$*&0%#, 3r"%+#!"'2" "' # Cr!'&*0# "!3Kr%#, +" $">", 3*r *2r# 3#r2", 3r""'r "' 04# !"$$# %*'2r# 4' !"2*$**0+!* "#0"r#$* @4", '#!"'2", +" "+2#'%# "' 4'# %rK2%# $" !2*$*+ ca... L# #2# $" %*rr"%%&' "' %4#'2* # *'$* '* 34"$" +"r +4+224$# 3*r # +*# %*rr"%%&' *r!#._ II.. LA INTERDISGIPLINA E+2#!*+ "0#'$*, * !"F*r $%)*,, /# +" "0&, # 4' !*!"'2* %"'2K%* $" %*'%4rr"'%# '2"r$+%3'#r#, "+ $"%r, # 3"r+*'# @4" '2"'2" "0#r # %*'*%!"'2* $" %4#@4"r *>F"2* +04"'$* 4'# +*# K#, 4'# +*# %"'%#, r"+2# "%#%# # +4 3"'+#!"'2*. A%24#!"'2" # '"+20#%&' %"'2K%#, 3#r# %*'+$"r#r+" %*!* 2#, '"%"+2# +"r '2"r$+%3'#r#, * # !"'*+ !42$+%3'#rK#. L# M"$%'# "+ 3*%* "%#6 + '* +" #4# $" # P+%**0K# / $" # S*%**0K#J # S*%**0K# '* 4'%*'# #$"%4#$#!"'2" + '* +" #3*/# "' # P+%**0K# / "' " D"r"%)*J " D"r"%)* "+ *>+*"2* + '* r"+3"2# # r"#$#$ +*%# / 3+%*&0%#J "+ $"%r, #%24#!"'2" 3#r# )#%"r %4#@4"r 2r#>#F* +"r*, 3r'%3#!"'2" "' C"'%#+ S*%#"+, +" 2"'" @4" 2r#>#F#r '2"r$+%3'#r#!"'2". L* #'2"r*r '* +*#!"'2" #%*'2"%" "' #+ %"'%#+ +*%#"+J # ?4K!%# +" '2"0r# # # B**0K#, # ;K+%# # # ?4K!%#, # Z***0K# # # B*2'%#, +2# # # ?4K!%#, "2%. E Cr!'&*0* "+ 4' %"'2K%* @4", %*!* # !#/*rK# $" *+ )*!>r"+ $" .%"'%# !*$"r'*+, $">" 2r#>#F#r "' *r!# '2"r$+%3'#r#. P"r* '* $">" %*'4'$r+" # '2"r$+%3'# %*' # +!3" !42$+%3'#, /# @4", !"'2r#+ # 3r!"r# +0'%# # K'2!# r"#%&', #+ "+2r"%)#+ %*'"*'"+, # '2"r$"3"'$"'%#, # +"04'$# "+ 2#' +** # #$%&', " #%*3* $" $"r+#+ $+%3'#+. M42$+%3'#r $"+0'# +*#!"'2" # 3#r2%3#%&' $" !4%)#+ $+%3'#+, !"'2r#+ @4" # +K#># in!er "3r"+#, "'2r" *2r#+ %*+#+, 4'# %"r2# %**r$'#%&' * '%4+* '2"0r#%&'. U'# '"+20#%&' '2"r$+%3'#r +0'%#rK# 4' 0r#$* $" '2"0r#%&' +43"r*r # $" 4'# !42$+%3'#r. 7 GÓPPINGER. Op. Cit., 5. &.
81 E+ '2"r"+#'2", 3#r# !"F*r, %*!3r"'+&' $" "+2" #3#r2#$*, # "%24r# $" # An!ología de la "n+es!igación Cien!ífica, 3r"3#r#$# 3*r R##" M*r"'* G*'6"6. B. C*+2# A!%, E$2*r. M%*, 19(7.
40 CRIMINOLOGÍA
L# '2"r$+%3'# !3%# $"3"'$"'%# !424# "'2r" #+ $"r+#+ %"'%#+ * $+%3'#+ %*'%4rr"'2"+J %#$# 4'# %*!3"!"'2# / "3%# # #+ $"!+, # #4+"'%# $" #04'# "+ '*2#>" 3*r # $+!'4%&' $" %#$#$ $" %*'F4'2*, "' # !42$+%3'# 3*r " %*'2r#r*, "r"!*+ #"%2#$# +*>r" 2*$* # %#'2$#$. E+2#!*+ $" #%4"r$* %*' GOPPINGER "' @4" '* +" 2r#2# $" 4'# %*!3"2%&' %*' %#$# 4'# $" #+ %"'%#+ #'"+, +'* $" 4'# *r!# $" *>+"r#%&' @4" $">" #>#r%#r # %*'"&' "'2r" +4+ $"r"'2"+ %#!3*+ / 2#!>' *+ r"+42#$*+ $" +4+ '"+20#%*'"+, "' %4#'2* $" #04'# !#'"r# +" r""r" # %r!"'. T#!>' "' @4" 3#r# # Cr!'**0K# I'2"r$+%3'#r# # 2#r"# $">" %*'++2r "' >4+%#r #%2*r"+ / %*'+2"#%*'"+ %r!'*&0%#!"'2" r""#'2"+ $" "'2r" # !4224$ $" r"+42#$*+ 3#r%#"+ *>2"'$*+ %*' *+ $"r+*+ !2*$*+, "2#'$* 4'# #2r>4%&' "+3"%K%# # %4#@4"r# $" #+ %"'%#+ #'"+ # #+ @4" !+ >"' $">" '2"0r#r.a_ L# Cr!'**0K# "+, 3*r "+"'%# !+!#, '2"r$+%3'#r#J !3*+>" "0#r # # +K'2"++ %r!'*&0%# + '* "+ %*' !2*$*+ '2"r$+%3'#r*+. II.(. ES?UEMAS CIRCULARES Y ORBITALES L* #'2"r*r '*+ "# # 4' %#!>* $" *+ "+@4"!#+ 3r#!$#"+ )#%# *+ %r%4#r"+ 4 *r>2#"+. WS!i!l!<= WD0,0! WFil!"!f= WC,i;i:!l!<= WA/3ili,0" E"?/0; : 4
ES(UEMA PIRAM;KZ.
A'204#!"'2" # 3r"*%43#%&' !!# $" *+ %"'2K%*+ "r# "0#r # "#>*r#r 3r!$"+ 3"r"%2#+, #+K, +" %*'+2r4/"r*' #+ 3r!$"+ $" #+ %"'%#+, $+%42"'$* %4# "r# # %"'%# +43r"!# / %4#"+ #+ GOPPINGER) Op. cit., 55. 46& 9 4#7.
CIENCIA Y MÉTODOS CRIMINOLÓGICOS 71
#4#r"+, %*' *3'*'"+ $"r+#+ +"0=' # 3r*"+&' " '%'#%&' $" *+ #42*r"+. V"r "+@4"!# 1H. A%24#!"'2", "' 2*$*+ +"'2$*+, +" 2"'$" )#%# "+@4"!#+ %r%4#r"+, !+ *3"r#%*'#"+ / $" r3$* 4'%*'#!"'2*. V"r "+@4"!# :H. Pr*>"!# # r"+*"r C"'%#+ * $+%3'#+ %*'%4rr"'2"+ E+@4"!# ' : ES(UEMA ClRCU+AR
E' "+2" !*!"'2* /# '#$" 3"r$" " 2"!3* "' 3"'+#r + " $"r"%)* "+ # >#+" / )#/ %"'%#+ #4#r"+, #)*r# " 3#'2"#!"'2* %*'++2" "' $"'2%#r " 3r*>"!# / 3r*3*'"r #+ %"'%#+ * $+%3'#+ %*' #+ @4" 3*$"!*+ r"+*"r*. E' " ++2"!# %r%4#r "+2" 4' 3r*>"!# %*!=', @4" $">" +"r r"+4"2*. E E+@4"!# N*. : "+ !42$+%3'#r*, " 3#+* # # '2"r$+%3'# +" '2"r3r"2#rK# %*!* V"r E+@4"!# H. E+@4"!# ' S # CRIMINOLOGÍA
E' " "+@4"!# 3r#!$# 2"'"!*+ 4'# %"'%# +43r"!#, $r"%2r6, # # @4" +" +4>*r$'#' #+ $"!+, "' *+ "+@4"!#+ %r%4#r"+ 2"'"!*+
# %*'%4rr"'%# $" %"'%#+, %*' # $"r"'%# $" @4", "' # !42$+%3'#r# )#/ '$"3"'$"'%#, "' 2#'2* @4", "' # '2"r$+%3'# # %*'"&' "+ "+2r"%)#, %#$# %"'2K%* %*!4'%# +4+ r"+42#$*+ # *+ $"!+ , / r"%>" *+ *2r*+ r"+42#$*+, +r"'$* +2*+ '* +&* %*!* '*r!#%&' %*!3"!"'2#r#, +'* %*!* #*r#%&' / %*'2r* $" *+ r"+42#$*+ 3r*3K*+. A+K +" "+2#>"%" 4' ++2"!# $" r"2r*#!"'2#%&', "' " @4" %#$# %*'%4+&' 3#r2%4#r +" # %*rr0"'$* / "'r@4"%"'$*, / +" 34"$" "0#r # 4'# +K'2"++ "' # @4" '* $">" )#>"r %*'2r#$%%*'"+ '"3%#>"+. E' " !4'$* %r!'*&0%* " 3r*>"!# # r"+*"r +*' #+ %*'$4%2#+ #'2+*%#"+, / #+K 2"'$r"!*+ @4", $"3"'$"'$* $" 3r*>"!# %*'%r"2* +"r' #+ %"'%#+ * $+%3'#+ %*'%4rr"'2"+, "'2"'$"'$* @4" )#/ 4' '=!"r* $" %*!3*'"'2"+ >+%*+, !K'!* @4" '* +" 34"$" r">#+#r, +* 3"'# $" '* "+2#r )#%"'$* Cr!'**0K# 3r*3#!"'2" $%)#. E !K'!* r"@4"r$* * #'#6#r"!*+ "' " %#3K24* +04"'2". A$"#'2#!*+ @4", " !K'!* r"@4"r$*, "' '4"+2r# *3'&', +" %*!3*'" $" A'2r*3**0K# Cr!'*&0%#, B**0K# Cr!'*&0%#, P+%**0K# Cr!'*&0%#, S*%**0K# Cr!'*&0%#, Cr!'#K+2%#, V%2!**0K# / P"'**0K#. E' *%#+*'"+ '2"r"'$r 2*$# # "'%%*3"$# $" #+ %"'%#+ 3"'#"+J )#/ %#+*+ "' @4" +** '"%"+2#r"!*+ #04'#+ $" "#+. A+K '*+ "3%#!*+ %*!* "' *%#+*'"+ " D"r"%)* P"'# "' 3#r2%4#r, * #+ F4rK$%*r"3r"+#+ "' 0"'"r#, '* '2"r"'"', 34"+ '* 2*$# %*'$4%2# #'2+*%# "+2 23%#$#, ' "+ '"%"+#r* 3#r# r"+*"r# )#%"r '2"r"'r " #3#r#2* F_rK$%*. Q#/ *%#+*'"+ "' @4" %*'%4rrr # M"$%'# ;*r"'+", / *2r*+ "' @4" '"%"+2#r"!*+ # # P+@4#2rK# ;*r"'+", 3"r* )#>r #04'*+ "' @4" '*+ >#+2#r' #+ %"'%#+ %r!'*&0%#+. E' *2r*+ %#+*+ r"@4"rr"!*+ $" %*'*%!"'2*+ #F"'*+ # #+ %"'%#+ 3"'#"+, %*!* # E%*'*!K#, # A$!'+2r#%&', # I'0"'"rK# * # Ar@42"%24r# S43*'0#!*+ " %#+* $" # %*'+2r4%%&' $" 4'# '+224%&' $" 2r#2#!"'2*, * # "F"%4%&' $" 4' 3#' $" P*K2%# Cr!'*&0%# "' 4'# 6*'# 4r>#'#, #r@42"%2&'%#!"'2" !# 3#'"#$#H. L#+ "'2#F#+ $" *+ "+@4"!#+ %r%4#r"+ +*>r" *+ 3r#!$#"+ +*' '*2#>"+, 2#'2* "' %*'2"2* %"'2K%* %*!* 4"r# $" +2"J +&* '+224%*'"+ !4/ 2r#$%*'#"+ %*!* " "Fr%2* * %*!* " D"r"%)* %*'+"r#' *r0#'6#%*'"+ 3r#!$#"+, "' #+ $"!+ +" 2"'$" # # %r%4 CIENCIA Y MÉTODOS CRIMINOLÓGICOS #6
l,) 34"+ "+ $" %*!4'%#%&' !+ r3$# / 4'%*'#, %*!* * )# $"!*+2r#$* # !*$"r'# %>"r'2%#. U' "F"!3* $" "+@4"!# *r>2# 3#r# #3%#%&' %r!'*&0%# "+. " +04"'2" V"r "+@4"!# N*. 7H. E"?/0; nt (
E "+@4"!# N*. 7 '*+ '$%# 4'# *r!# $" *r0#'6#%&' *r>2#K 3#r# 3"r!2r " 2r#>#F* !"F*r "+2r4%24r#$* $" 4' "@43* '2"r$+%3'#r* $" CK'%# Cr!'*&0%# "@43* %r!'*&0%*H. E' "+2" "F"!3* *+ $"r"'2"+ $"3#r2#!"'2*+ 2%'%*+ P+%**0K#, Tr#>#F* S*%#, "2%.H +" *r0#'6#' "' *r!# %r%4#r, 0r#'$*. E+2" "+@4"!# "+ *3"r#'2" "' '+224%*'"+ $" 0r#' 2#!#* * "' '"+20#%*'"+ "' @4" 3#r2%3#' !4%)*+ '"+20#$*r"+, / #)*rr# 4'# 0r#'W %#'2$#$ $" 2"!3* / "+4"r6*. II.8. LA OBSERVACIÓN
Tr#$%*'#!"'2" " !2*$* %"'2K%* +" %*!3*'" $" *>+"r#%& / "3"r!"'2#%&'. L# *>+"r#%&' "+ # 34"+2# "' %*'2#%2* %*' " "'&!"'* @4" $"+"#!*+ %*'*%"r *>+"r#r "+ "#!'#r #2"'2#!"'2", * +"# @4" +" + # # CRIMINOLOGÍA
04" # +"%4"'%# '*r!# 3+%*&0%# +"'+*3"r%"3%&', "'2"'$!"'2*, %*!3r"'+&', #+!#%&' / r"2"'%&'J / 3*+2"r*r!"'2" "*%#%&' / r"3r*$4%%&'. E+ $"%r, 3*r *>+"r#r '* "'2"'$"!*+ '#$# !+ 3*'"r *+ +"'2$*+ "' %*'2#%2* %*' " "+2K!4*, +'* 2#!>' # '2"r"'%&' $" *+ #%2*r"+ !+ #2*+ $" # P+@4" )4!#'#, %*!* +*' *+ #%2*r"+ '2""%24#"+, 34"+ $">"!*+ $" "'2"'$"r / %*!3r"'$"r " "'&!"'*. P#r# @4" )#/# *>+"r#%&' "+ '"%"+#r# # 3#r2%3#%&' $" +4F"2* *>+"r#$*r / $" *>F"2* *>+"r#$*, '* )#/ 3*r * 2#'2* *>+"r#%&' 34r#J " )*!>r" 2"'" # %4#$#$ $" *>+"r#r+" # +K !+!* '2r*+3"%%&'H , 3*r * @4" 34"$" )#>#r+" $" *>+"r#%&' '2"r'# / "2"r'#. L# *>+"r#%&' "2"r'# '* "+ # !"r# 3"r%"3%&' $" 4' "'&!"'* "2"r*r, +'* @4" '2"0r# 4'# 3r*4'$# r"#%&' $" )*!>r" %*' #+ %*+#+ / 3#r# *>+"r#r, 2#'2* %*!* 3#r# 2*$# # 2#r"# %"'2K%#, )#/ 4'# $+2#'%# &32!# "'2r" " +4F"2* / " *>F"2*.c E' Cr!'**0K# "+2* 2"'" 4'# 3"%4#r +0'%#%&', 3*r * $"%#$* $" # r"#%&' $" %r!'&*0* %*' " %r!"', # %r!'#$#$ / " %r!'#. L# *>+"r#%&' 34"$" +"r '$$4# * %*"%2#, "2"'+# * '2"'+#, 3r**%#$# * "+3*'2'"#.ca ;'#!"'2", #'2"+ $" 3#+#r # # "3"r!"'2#%&', r"%*r$"!*+ @4" " "3"r!"'2* +" >#+#, "' 2*$* %#+* "' # *>+"r#%&', @4" "' #+ %"'%#+ $" )*!>r" r"@4"r" 3#r2%4#r"+ %#r#%2"rK+2%#+ $" K'"++" 3#r# +#>"r $+2'04r *+ )"%)*+ %*' r0*r, # ' $" 3*$"r*+ '2"r3r"2#r $"+34+ %4#2#2# / %4#'22#2#!"'2" +' 0"'"r#6#%*'"+ #3r"+4r#$#+.aa II.9. LA EXPERIMENTACIÓN E3"r!"'2#r "+ 3r*>#r / "#!'#r 3r%2%#!"'2" #+ r24$"+ / 3r*3"$#$"+ $" 4'# %*+#. L# "3"r!"'2#%&' "'" +"'$* 4'# *>+"r#%&' 3r**%#$# / $r0$#, "' # @4" +" r"3r*$4%" " "'&!"'* 2r#2#'$* $" %*'2r*#r +4+ #r#>"+. E' # "3"r!"'2#%&' )#/ 34"+ # !*$%#%&' $">"r#$# $" #04'*+ #%2*r"+, " *>F"2* $" "3"r!"'2#%&' +" +*!"2" # # #3%#%&' $" "+2K!4*+ %*'2r*#$*+. 6 Cf,. BLEGER) QOSÉ. Picología de la Conducta. E/*01) E*i+!,il U:i0,"i+,i *0 B/0:!" Ai,0") 4'&6) 5. 4%#. # Cf,. D/ERGER. Op. ctt.. P,i;0, P,+0. $ Cf,. PELAE>. Op. ctt., 5. .
CIENCIA Y MÉTODOS CRIMINOLÓGICOS #$
Q#/ #42*r"+ @4" )#' '"0#$* # 3*+>$#$ $" "3"r!"'2#%&' "' Cr!'**0K#, #+K VON QENTIG )# $%)* @4" "3"r!"'2#r %*' $"'%4"'2"+ / +24#%*'"+ %r!'&0"'#+ 3#r"%" 4'# #+3r#%&' 42&3%#. E' " !+!* +"'2$* +" )# "3r"+#$* EDUARDO MIMBELA DE LOS SANTOS. ca DON CONSTANCIO BERNALDO DE ?UIRÓS
+"04K# "+2# %*rr"'2" L# Cr!'**0K# "+ %"'%# $" *>+"r#%&', 34r#!"'2", $" *>+"r#%&' $r"%2#, "' @4" # "3"r!"'2#%&' $"+#3#r"%" 3*r 4'# '"%"+$#$ !*r#, 34$"'$* )#>#r+" +&* "' "#, $" "3"r!"'2*+, "' +"'2$* 04r#$*,
%4#'$* *+ )#%" #'2" '*+*2r*+ # 3r*3# '#24r#"6#, "' *r!# $" )"%)*+ "2r#*r$'#r*+ * #'&!#*+.a\ E"%2#!"'2", '* "' 2*$#+ #+ %"'%#+ +" 34"$" "3"r!"'2#r, 2"'"!*+ 3*r "F"!3* # A+2r*'*!K#, "' # @4" # !*$%#%&' $" 4'"r+* "+, 3*r * 3r*'2*, !3*+>". S' "!>#r0*, " "3"r!"'2* '* "+ /# 4' !*'*3** $" #+ %"'%#+ '#24r#"+, "' #+ %"'%#+ +*%#"+ +" )# '2r*$4%$* # "3"r!"'2#%&', *>#!"'2" "' #+ %"'%#+ +*%*'#24r#"+ "+ 2#!>' 3*+>". L* !3*r2#'2" "' # %"'%# %2%# "+ # %*!3r*>#%&' $" # )3&2"++, * @4" 34"$" )#%"r+" %*' # +""%%&', '$$4#6#%&' / %#+%#%&' $" *+ )"%)*+, 3#r# 3#+#r # '2"r3r"2#%&' $" *+ !+!*+. S 3#r# #04'#+ %"'%#+ # "3"r!"'2#%&' "+ '$+3"'+#>", "' *2r#+ 2"'" +"r#+ !2#%*'"+. E' ""%2*, "' !4%)*+ #+3"%2*+ $" # Cr!'**0K# "+ !3*+>" "3"r!"'2#rJ '* 3*$"!*+ !#2#r # #04"' 3#r# +#>"r @4 +"'2" 4' %r!'#, "+ $"%r, '* 2"'"!*+ #%%"+* # # "3"r!"'2#%&' $r"%2#, '* 3*$"!*+ r"3"2r " "'&!"'* 3#r# %*'+2#2#r*. N* "+ '"%"+#r* " '2"r"'r 3"r+*'#!"'2" "' 4' "'&!"'* 3#r# %*'*%"r*J '* "+ '"%"+#r* $r*0#r+" 3#r# %*'*%"r * @4" "+ # !#r)4#'#, ' +" '"%"+2# 2"'"r r"#%*'"+ )*!*+"4#"+ 3#r# "+24$#r # )*!*+"4#$#$J +' "!>#r0* )#/ #04'*+ "'&!"'*+ $" # Cr!'**0K# @4" +K +*' "3"r!"'2#>"+, 3r'%3#!"'2" "' * r""r"'2" # 2r#2#!"'2* / r" #$#32#%&' $" *+ $"'%4"'2"+, #+K %*!* "' Cr!'#K+2%# / "' P*K2%# Cr!'*&0%#. L#+ !2#%*'"+ 2%#+, F4rK$%#+ / 3r%2%#+ $" # "3"r!"'2#%&' %r!'*&0%# +#2#' # # +2#. E' !+ $" 4'# *%#+&' +" )#' %*!"2$* >#r>#r$#$"+ # 2K24* $" "3"r!"'2#%&' %r!'*&0%#, #+K, *+ %r!'#"+ )#' +$* %#+2r#$*+. & Cf,. O/ERA DÍA>. Op. cit., +!;! I) 5. 4#4. 8( ?UIRÓS, CONSTANCIO B. # ci!#, 3. 19.
7 CRIMINOLOGÍA
b$"+%"r">r#$*+, *>*2*!6#$*+, 2*r24r#$*+ K+%# / !"'2#!"'2" 3#r# 3r*>#r %"r2# 2"*rK#, 3#r# "3"r!"'2#r %"r2* 2r#2#!"'2*. E+ &0%* #$"!+ @4" '4"+2r*+ K!2"+ +*' !#r%#$*+ 3*r 4'%*'"+ 3r%2%#+, 34"+ %"r2*+ "3"r!"'2*+ 3*$rK#' 3r**%#r 4'# %#'2$#$ $" %rK!"'"+ $" *+ @4" r"+42#rK#!*+ $r"%2#!"'2" r"+3*'+#>"+. S" )#' r"#6#$* "3"r!"'2*+ #2#!"'2" %*!3r*!"2$*+, 3*r "F"!3* #3#0#'$* *+ +"!*r*+ $" 4'# %4$#$ $4r#'2" 4' 2"!3* $"2"r!'#$*, * r"2r#'$* # 3*%K# $" 4'# 6*'# $#$#, 3#r# %*'*%"r + )#/ #4!"'2* * $+!'4%&' $" %*'$4%2#+ #'2+*%#"+. Q#+2# #)*r# *+ r"+42#$*+ )#' +$* 3*+2*+, "+ $"%r, " #4!"'2* $" %r!'#$#$ '* 4" '*2#>", 3"r*, / + & )4>"r# +$* E+2#!*+ #42*r6#$*+ "' '*!>r" $" # %"'%# # 3*'"r "' 3"0r* # 4' '=!"r* $" K%2!#+ 3*2"'%#"+ I# "3"r!"'2#%&' %r!'*&0%# )# +$* 4'# %#r# #+3r#%&', $"+$" *+ *rK0"'"+ $" # S%4*# P*+2#, 3"r* "+ '$4$#>" @4" $">" r"#6#r+" "' *r!# r"+2r'0$#, %*' 0r#' 3r"%#4%&' $" '* "+*'#r *+ ""!"'2#"+ $"r"%)*+ $" )*!>r", / 3#'2"#'$* %*' 0r#' %#r$#$ *+ ++2"!#+ $" "#4#%&'. D" # @4" )#>#r"!*+ "' " %#3K24* $" P*K2%# Cr!'*&0%#H. 11.1. LOS NIVELES DE INTERPRETACIÓN
E+ '"%"+#r* $+2'04r 2r"+ $+2'2*+ '""+ $" '2"r3r"2#%&' %r!'*&0%#, 34"+ $" '" "' @4" "+2#!*+ 2r#>#F#'$* $"3"'$" " !2*$* @4" 426#r"!*+. N*+ $%" B4NGE @4" \T*$# 2"*rK# #>+2r#%2# * "+2r4%24r#, 34"$" '2"r3r"2#r+" $" #r*+ !*$*+, 3#r%# / 3"'#!"'2". A # '"r+#, + +" $"+3*F# # 4'# 2"*rK# $" #+ r"0#+ $" '2"r3r"2#%&' @4" " %*'"r"' 4' %*'2"'$*, @4"$# 4' "+@4"!# 34r#!"'2" +'2%2%*.aa L# 3r"%+&' "' *+ '""+ $" '2"r3r"2#%&' '*+ "2#r #+ '%*'++2"'%#+ +"!'2%#+, "+ $"%r, # 426#%&' $" 4' "'04#F" #!>04*. E+ '$4$#>" @4" !4%)#+ $" #+ !3r"%+*'"+ / "rr*r"+ "' Cr!'**0K# +" $">"' # # %*'4+&' $" *+ '""+ $" '2"r3r"2#%&'. A 426#r %*rr"%2#!"'2" " '" $" '2"r3r"2#%&' "0#r"!*+ !"F*r # # +0'%#%&' !#2"r# * '#24r#"6# $" #+ %*+#+ @4" +" @4"r"' %*!3r"'$"r. 88 BUNGE, MARIO. La "n+es!igación Cien!ífica# E$2*r# Ar". B#r%"*'#, E+3##. 19(S, 3. 79. CIENCIA Y MÉTODOS CRIMINOLÓGICOS #%
M4%)*e #42*r"+ 3*r '* $"%r # !#/*rK#H '* +" 3r"*%43#' 3*r $+2'04r *+ '""+ $" '2"r3r"2#%&', *2r*+ @46 +' 4+#r "+2" 2r!'*H *+ !#'"F#' $"+$" )#%" 2"!3*. A+K, 3*r "F"!3* R46 ;4'"+ $%" @4" E $"'%4"'2" 34"$" +"r 4' +"r '"r*r, >*&0%# * +*%#!"'2" %*'+$"r#$*. E $"2*, 4' +K'2*!# * 4'# "'"r!"$#$. L# $"'%4"'%#, "' +4 !*r**0K#, " r"+$4* $" 4'# !*r# +43"r#$# * " #'2%3* $" 4'# !*r# 424r# * #22* * * "*42*. E $"2*, # *>r# $" # 4"r6# * " r#4$", $" # *"'%# * $" # #+24%#, $" * !4+%4#r * $" * '2""%24#. L# 3"r+*'#$#$ $" $"'%4"'2", '*r!# * 3#2*&0%#. S4 !*r# #'222%# %*' # !*r# +*%# * 3#r%"#r#. T*$#+ "+2#+ #r"$#$"+ %*'$4%"' # '2"r3r"2#%*'"+ $+2'2#+ $" %r!'# / $" +4 #%%&'.aa Y 3*r +4 3#r2" L##+20'" / S2#'%4 $+2'04"' *+ '""+ "' # *r!# +04"'2" E %r!"', @4" "+ "L#%2* $" '$$4*, # %)*%#r %*' *+ '2"r"+"+ $" # +*%"$#$, 3*'" +"!3r" "' $+%4+&', 3*r 4' #$* # >"r2#$ $" '$$4*, / 3*r *2r* # $""'+# $" # +*%"$#$, #+ #'*!#K#+ $" # 3"r+*'#$#$ / *+ $" !"$* +*%#, # >r" #>"$rK* / " $"2"r!'+!*, # 3"'# / " 2r#2#!"'2* $" $"'%4"'2". S" 34"$" "+24$#r " %r!"' %*!* 4' #%2* #'2+*%# /, $"+34+, " %r!'# +"r "+24$#$* 3*r " !$%*, %4/# %*!3"2"'%# "+2 #%r"%"'2#$# 3*r # $" 4' &+** / $" 4' >&*0*. E+24$#r # %r!'#$#$ $" 4' 3#K+ * $" 4'# r"0&', %*!* 4' %#3K24* $" S*%**0K#, 2"'"'$* "' %4"'2# #+ %*rr"#%*'"+ 3r*3*r%*'#$#+ 3*r #+ "+2#$K+2%#+, "+ !4/ 3*+>". P"r* '!"$#2#!"'2" +4r0"' #+ $%42#$"+. S" 2r#2# $" 3*$"r $+%"r'r "' #+ $"r"'2"+ %r%4'+2#'%#+ #+ %*rr"#%*'"+ %*'%4/"'2"+ $" #+ +!3"+ %*'%$"'%#+. c 11.11. EL MÉTODO Y LOS NIVELES DE INTERPRETACIÓN E+ 34"+ '$+3"'+#>" $+2'04r 2r"+ '""+ $" '2"r3r"2#%&' # +#>"r #H 0i+el de in!erre!ación conduc!ual " %r!"'H, "' " @4" +" "+24$# # %*'$4%2# #'2+*%# 3r*3#!"'2" $%)#, #@4K " !2*$* # 426#r "+ !=23", / 34"$"' +"r $" 0r#' 42$#$ #+ 2%'%#+ $" # ' R[E FUNES. Op. cit. 6 E"+/*i!") 5. 6.
'7 LAVASTIGNE) M. LAICNEL\ STANOU) V. V. Op. cit., 5. 46.
# CRIMINOLOGÍA
%r!'#K+2%# 3#r# %*'*%"r #+ 3"%4#r$#$"+ $" )"%)* %*'%r"2* / $" #)K 3#+#r # "3%#%*'"+ #'2r*3*&0%#+, +*%*&0%#+, "2%., )#+2# "0#r # # +K'2"++ %r!'*&0%#. P#r# P'#2" c_ "+2" '" %*'+224/" " "'*@4" %r!'*&0%* 3*r "%""'%#, /# @4" "' $">" r"#6#r+" " !!* "+4"r6* 3*r #3r")"'$"r # %*'"r0"'%# $" #%2*r"+ / $" !"%#'+!*+ >*&0%*+, +*%#"+ / 3+%*&0%*+ @4" %*'$4%"' # 3#+* # #%2*. P#r# # "3%#%&' 2*2# $" %r!"' "+ '"%"+#r* "0#r # # +K'2"++ %r!'*&0%#, "' "+2" %#!3* # K%2!# 2*!# 4' 3#3" $" 0r#' !3*r2#'%#, #+K %*!* *+ 2"+20*+ / 2*$*+ *+ @4" 2*!#' 3#r2" "' " $r#!# $" )"%)* #'2+*%#. D"'2r* $" "+2" '" "+ '"%"+#r* $+2'04r # +4 "6 $*+ *r!#+ $" #'++ 4' %r!"' %*'%r"2*, r"#6#$* "' 4' !*!"'2* / 40#r $"2"r!'#$*, / 4'# *r!# %r!'# "' 3#r2%4#r. E+ $"r"'2" " "+24$* $" r*>* $" 4#' # P"$r*, $" "+24$* $" r*>* "' 0"'"r#, %*!* %*'$4%2# #'2+*%#, $" +4+ *r!#+ $" %*!+&'J # r"#%%&' +*%# @4" 0"'"r#, *+ ""%2*+ @4" 3r*$4%", "2%. N* $">" %*'4'$r+" "+2" "+24$* %*' " $" # 2*2#$#$ $" *+ r*>*+ "' 4' 2"!3* / 40#r $"2"r!'#$*+, 34"+ "'2*'%"+ "+2#r"!*+ "' *2r* '" $" '2"r3r"2#%&' # %r!'#$#$. E' !4%)* # $"+%r3%&' $" # %*'$4%2# #'2+*%# / $" +4+ %#r#%2"rK+2%#+ '" %*'$4%24#H "+ 3r"* # "+24$* $" # %r!'#$#$ %*'2r# " 3#2r!*'* '" 0"'"r#H. >H 0i+el de in!erre!ación ersonal " %r!'#H, "' " @4" +" #'#6# # #42*r $" # %*'$4%2# #'2+*%#, #@4K " !2*$* "+ '$4$#>"!"'2" " %K'%*, / +" >4+%# "0#r # $#0'&+2%*, 3r*'&+2%* / 3r*3*+%&' $" 2r#2#!"'2*. E' "+2" '", " )"%)* %*!"2$* "+ 2#' +&* 4' '$%#$*r $" # 3"r+*'#$#$ / %#r#%2"rK+2%#+ $" +4F"2* #'2+*%#. E' r"#$#$ $">" )#%"r+" 4' "+4"r6* 3*r +"3#r#r # #42*r $" +4 )"%)*, 3#r# '* "+2#r 3r"$+34"+2*+ # "#>*r#r " $%2#!"' %r!'*&0%*. L* #'2"r*r\ '* !3%#, $"+$" 4"0*, @4" '* $">" 2*!#r+" "' %4"'2# # %*'$4%2#, +'* 2#' +&* @4" $">" %*'%"'2r#r+" " %r!'&*0* "' lo @4" " +4F"2* "+, / '* "' * @4" )# )"%)*. E+ =2 r"%*r$#r # r#+" @4" " %*r*'" M*'2"+'*+ !#'$& "+%r>r "' # "'2r#$# $" # %r%" $" V#"'%# L# 3r+&' +&* r"%>" # )*!>r", " $"2* @4"$# # # 34"r2#. 4 PINATEL. Op. cit. C,i;i:!l!
CIENCIA Y MÉTODOS CRIMINOLÓGICOS #'
L# '2"r3r"2#%&' "' "+2" '" "+ '$$4#, / '* 34"$"' *>2"'"r+" %*'%4+*'"+ 0"'"r#"+, "+ $"%r @4" *+ r"+42#$*+ +&* 2"'"' #3%#%&' 3#r# " %#+* %*'%r"2*, / '* 34"$"' "2"'$"r+" # # 0"'"r#$#$. L# Cr!'**0K# '#%& %*' M"2*$**0K# CK'%#, "' #'++ $" %#+* '$$4#, / "0& # 0r#'$"+ $"+#rr**+ "' *+ =2!*+ #*+. A%24#!"'2" +" "+2 3*'"'$* 0r#' #2"'%&' "' " '" $" '2"r3r"2#%&' 0"'"r#, $"+#rr*#'$* !2*$*+ +*%*&0%*+ / "+2#$K+2%*+ "' 40#r $" *+ 2r#$%*'#"+ #'2r*3*&0%*'$$4#"+. %H 0i+el de in!erre!ación general # %r!'#$#$H, "' @4" +" "+24$#' "' %*'F4'2* #+ %*'$4%2#+ #'2+*%#"+ / +4+ %#r#%2"rK+2%#+ "' 4' 40#r / 2"!3* $"2"r!'#$*+. A "+2" '" # !"2*$**0K# $">"
+"r >+%#!"'2" "+2#$K+2%#, / #+ '2"r3r"2#%*'"+ 0"'r%#+, !#'"F#'$* 3r*>#>$#$"+, "+ $"%r '* "+ $* " $"$4%r %*'+"%4"'%#+ +*>r" %#+*+ 3#r2%4#r"+. L# 0r#' 3r"*%43#%&' #%24# 3*r *+ #%2*r"+ 3*K2%*+, "%*'&!%*+ / +*%*%424r#"+ $" # %r!'#$#$, )#' %*'$4%$* # "+2" '" # 4'# 0r#' F"r#r@4K#, "+24$#'$* " "'&!"'* "' %*'F4'2* / '* 2#'2* # #+ %*'$4%2#+ * # *+ #42*r"+ #+#$*+. L# $"!*0r#K#, # "2'*0r#K#, # %"'%# 3*K2%#, # "%*'*!K#, +" )#' r""#$* %*!* '+2r4!"'2*+ "%#%"+ 3#r# *0r#r 4'# !+ %*! 3"2# +K'2"++ %r!'*&0%# "' " "+24$* $" # %r!'#$#$. 11.1:. UTIUDAD DE LOS NIVELES E+ 4'# '"%"+$#$ !"2*$*&0%# " "+24$3 3*r +"3#r#$* $" *+ '""+ $" '2"r3r"2#%&', 3"r* "+2* '* +0'%# @4" 34"$#' "+2r +**+. E' ""%2*, '* 34"$" "+2r %r!"' +' %r!'#, ' %r!'# +' %r!"'. L# %r!'#$#$ "+ " %*'F4'2* $" %rK!"'"+, *>#!"'2" %*!"2$*+ 3*r %r!'#"+. E %*'*%!"'2* 3r*4'$* $" 4' '" '*+ #%2# " %*'*%!"'2* $" *+ $"!+, 3"r* '* "+ 3*+>" "3%#r 4' '" 3*r !"$* $" *+ *2r*+. L#+ %*'%4+*'"+ $#+ 3#r# " %#+* '$2\$4# '* * +*' 3#r# #+ "3%#%*'"+ 0"'"r#"+, 34"+ +"!3r" "'%*'2r#r"!*+ "%"3%*'"+J #+ %*'%4+*'"+ "+2#$K+2%#+ '*+ '$%#' 3r*>#>$#$ * r"%4"'%#, / '* 34"$"' +"r #3%#$#+ # *+ %#+*+ '$$4#"+. L# r"#%&' $" *+ 2r"+ '""+ $" '2"r3r"2#%&', +"0=' * !"'%*'#$* #'2"r*r!"'2", 34"$" 4+2r#r+" $" # !#'"r# +04"'2" E+@4"!# Ne 5H. & 7 CRIMINOLOGÍA E"?/0; :] $
D">"!*+ )#%"r '*2#r @4" %#$# 4'* $" *+ '""+ #$@4"r" 4'# 3"%4#r !3*r2#'%# +"0=' " !*!"'2* $" #3%#%&' F4rK$%#, "+ $"%r $" *+ %#+*+ "' @4" #+ '2"r3r"2#%*'"+ %r!'*&0%#+ +*' $" "+3"%# #*r 3#r# *+ F4r+2#+, #+K a4 E '" $" '2"r3r"2#%&' %*'$4%24# %r!"'H #$@4"r" r""#'%# "' " 3r*%"+*. 4 E '" $" '2"r3r"2#%&' 3"r+*'# %r!'#H "+ "+3"%#!"'2" r"@4"r$* "' # "F"%4%&' $" +#'%*'"+. c4 E '" $" '2"r3r"2#%&' 0"'"r# %r!'#$#$H "+ $" '*2#>" 42$#$ "' " !*!"'2* $" "0+#r. L* #'2"r*r '* @4"r" $"%r @4" %#$# '" +"# '=2 "' 4' !*!"'2* $"r"'2", +!3"!"'2" " !*!"'2* "' " @4" 3#r"%" +"r !+ !3*r2#'2". 11.1. REGLA DE LA PRIMACÍA DE LA DESCRIPCIÓN P#r# *0r#r %*'%4+*'"+ $#+ "' * r""r"'2" # #+ r"#%*'"+ "'2r" *+ 2r"+ '""+, $">"!*+ "+2#r +"04r*+ $" #'2"!#'*, @4" *+ *>F"2*+ "+2' >"' $"'$*+, @4" # $"+%r3%&' +"# %*!3"2#, / @4" '* #2"' $#2*+ @4" '*+ 34"$#' %#r # '"+20#%&'. P*r * 0"'"r#, "+ %*'"'"'2" 2"'"r 3r"#!"'2" >"' $"'$* CIENCIA Y MÉTODOS CRIMINOLÓGICOS $4
" '" %*'$4%24# " %r!"'H $" !#'"r# 0"'"r#, "+ $"%r "' @4 %*'++2" # %*'$4%2# #'2+*%# @4" +" # # "+24$#r. E' "+2" r"'0&' 34"$" +"r !4/ =2 # $"'%&' F4rK$%# $" # %*'$4%2# $"2*H, 3"r* '* %*'+$"r#r# +4%"'2". L# $"'%&'
F4rK$%# 34"$" #r#r +"0=' #+ 3*%#+, / %#!># $" 4'# "0+#%&' # *2r#, #+K, "' #04'*+ 3#K+"+ +" )#%" # $"r"'%# "'2r" r*>* / )4r2*, * "'2r" )*!%$* / #+"+'#2*, "' *2r*+ +" %*'+$"r#' # !+!# %*+#, / +" "'%4#$r#' $"'2r* $" !+!* r4>r* )*!%$* * r*>*H. E' 3#K+"+ %*' ++2"!# "$"r# 4' %&$0* 3#r# %#$# "+2#$*H " 3r*>"!# +" %*!3%#J #$"!+, $">"!*+ r"%*r$#r @4" 4'# %*'$4%2# 34"$" +"r $"2* "' 4'# "0+#%&' / "' *2r# '*. P#+#'$* $" "+2# $"+%r3%&' 0"'"r# # %r!"' "' 3#r2%4#r, #+ $%42#$"+ +" #%r"%"'2#', /# @4" %*'$4%2#+ %#%#$#+ >#F* " !+!* r4>r* r*>*, . 0r.H +*' 2*2#!"'2" $"r+#+ "'2r" +K, +"# 3*r " modus oerandi, 3*r *+ +4F"2*+ @4" '2"r"'"', 3*r #+ !*2#%*'"+, 3*r #+ $"r"'2"+ K%2!#+, "2%. E "+24$* $" '" %*'$4%24# '*+ "# 3*r 4"r6# # "+2#>"%"r %#+%#%*'"+ 0"'"r#"+J #@4K 34"$" +"r 426#>" # $+&' $" %*'$4%2#+ %*'2r# #+ 3"r+*'#+ "' +4 '2"0r$#$ K+%#, %*'2r# #+ 3"r+*'#+ "' +4 3#2r!*'*, %*'2r# # !*r#, %*'2r# " E+2#$*, "2%. O2r# $%42#$ 3#r# " 4+* $" # $"'%&' "0# "+ @4" #04'#+ %*'$4%2#+ +*' +!3"!"'2" "'4'%#$#+ 3"r* '* $"'$#+ 3*r " %&$0* * "/ 3"'#, "' "+2*+ %#+*+ # '"+20#%&' +" )#%" !+ '"%"+#r#. I'++2!*+ 34"+ "' # %*'"'"'%# %4#'$* '* !3"r*+# '"%"+$#$H $" @4" " %r!'&*0* %*'+2r4/# +4 3r*3# 2"r!'**0K# / +4+ 3r*3#+ $"'%*'"+. E '" $" '2"r3r"2#%&' 3"r+*'# !3%# 2#!>' 4'# 23**0K#, #+4'2* >#+2#'2" $+%42$* "' # #%24#$#$ 3*r #+ %*'+"%4"'%#+ $" "2@4"2#%&' * "+20!#26#%&' @4" "+2* %*'"#. A04'#+ 23**0K#+ +*' >#+#$#+ "' " 3r!"r '" %*'$4%24#H, / #+K +" %#+%#r' *+ +4F"2*+ #'2+*%#"+ $" #%4"r$* # # %*'$4%2# %*!"2$# #$r*'"+, )*!%$#+, *#$*r"+, "2%.H. E+2# 23**0K# 34"$" +"r #%"32#>" "' %4#'2* >4+@4"!*+ "3%#%*'"+ 0"'r#", " '2"'2"!*+ $"+%r>r # )*!%$# * # #$r&' "' 0"'"r#, 3"r* "+ !"'*+ =2 # 2r#2#r " %#+* %*'%r"2*. L# 23**0K# >#+#$# "' " 3r!"r '" !3%# a for!iori @4" 2"'"!*+ 3"r"%2#!"'2" $"+%r2* "' @4 %*'++2" # %*'$4%2# @4" '*+ +r" $" >#+", %4$#'$* $" '* 4+#r exclusi+amen!e $"'%*'"+ F4rK$%#+. 5: CRIMINOLOGÍA
E' " #'++ $" %#+* '$$4# '*+*2r*+ 3r""r!*+ 4'# 23**0K# >#+#$# "' *+ #%2*r"+ %r!'&0"'*+ "'$&0"'*+ / "&0"'*+H, 3#r# "2#r " "r+" '4$* 3*r # %*'$4%2# %r!'# "' " !*!"'2* $" )#%"r $#0'&+2%* * 3r*'&+2%*. O2r*+ %r2"r*+, %*!* # "$#$, " +"* / # +#4$ +*' $" 0r#' 42$#$ / *>F"2$#$ 3#r# %*'+2r4r 23**0K#+, / +*' >+%*+ "' # $"+%r3%&' $" +4F"2*. E' %4#'2* # # +#4$ !"'2#, PINATEL "'4'%# # 6egla de eliminación de !ios definidos-- /# @4" "+ '"%"+#r* +"3#r#r $" >#+" *+ %r!'#"+ @4" 3"r2"'"%"' # 23*+ 3+@42r%#!"'2" $"'$*+ $" #@4"*+ @4" +*' 34r#!"'2" %r!'*&0%*+. C*' r#6&' $%" " #42*r %2#$* @4" 2*$# %#+%#%&' @4" 4"r# %*!=' # *+ $*+ 0r43*+ 3#2*&0%* / '* 3#2*&0%*H 2"'" @4" "+2#r "@4*%#$#. ?4"r"r, 3*r "F"!3*, 426#r 4'# 23**0K# >#+#$# "' " #%2* " '2"'2#r $"'r " r"2r#2* %K'%* $" #$r&', $" $"'%4"'2" +"4#, $" '%"'$#r* * $" )*!%$#, '* 34"$" "#r #
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b8 "=idem, 3. 1. CIENCIA Y MÉTODOS CRIMINOLÓGICOS &6
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L# "+2#$K+2%#, %4/*+ 3#+*+ $" r"%*3#%&', *r0#'6#%&', 3r"+"'2#%&', #'++ " '2"r3r"2#%&', $">"' +"r !"2%4*+#!"'2" +"04$*+, "+ 4'# !3*r2#'2" )"rr#!"'2# "' " 2r#>#F* %r!'*&0%*. L*+ r"+42#$*+ "+2#$K+2%*+ '* r"3r"+"'2#' %*'*%!"'2*+ %#4+#"+. N* 3*$"!*+ 3#+#r !34'"!"'2" $" 4' '" $" '2"r3r"2#%&' # *2r*, ' %*'4'$r *+ %*'%"32*+ *3"r#%*'#"+. L*+ r"+42#$*+ "+2#$K+2%*+ +" r""r"' # # 0"'"r#$#$, / '* +*' #3%#>"+ # %#+* 3#r2%4#r, '* "3%#' +'* 3r*>#>$#$. # GIBBENS) T . C. N . $endencia actuale de la Delincuencia )u%enil. O.M.S.) Gi:01,) 4'&) 5. 4. '& DESCARTES. Op. cit., 5. .
CRIMINOLOGÍA
P#r# 4'# !"F*r '2"r3r"2#%&' "+2#$K+2%#, +" r"%*'*%"' "' Cr!'**0K# 2r"+ 23*+ $" %r#+ "+2#$K+2%#+ #H Cifra oficial# E+ " '=!"r* $" 'r#%2*r"+ @4" #3#r"%"' "' #+ "+2#$K+2%#+ *%#"+ 3*%#%#+, F4$%#"+, $" !"'*r"+H, 34"$"' +"r $" %#+*+ $"'4'%#$*+, $" +4F"2*+ #rr"+2#$*+, $" 3r*%"+*+, $" 3r*%"+#$*+, $" +"'2"'%#$*+. >H Cifra negra# E+ " *4!"' $" $"2*+ @4" '* "0#' # %*'*%!"'2* $" #+ #42*r$#$"+. E' "+2" %#+* +*' #+ #%%*'"+ %r!'#"+ @4" '* #3#r"%"' "' # %+2#$K+2%# %r!'#. %H Cifra real# S"rK# " r"+42#$* $" # +4!# $" # %r# *%# / $" # %r# '"0r#. S*' #+ 'r#%%*'"+ @4" ""%2#!"'2" +" )#' %*!"2$*. L# "+2#$K+2%# %r!'*&0%# "+2 2*$#K# "%"+#!"'2" #2#$# # %*'%"32*+ F4rK$%*+ $"2*, $"'%4"'2"H, / "+ '"%"+#r* *0r#r "+2#$K+2%#+ !+ 0"'"r#"+, @4" #>#r@4"' '* +&* %#2"0*rK#+ $"!2#$#+ F4rK$%#!"'2", +'* %*'$4%2#+ #'2+*%#"+ "' 0"'"r#. P*r "+2* "+ 2#' #*+* " %*'%"32* $" %r# $*r#$# $" S""rK' C#r*+ Vr+"", " 0r#' !#"+2r* >"0# r"%"'2"!"'2" #"%$*, @4" "3r"+& "' " C*'0r"+* $" # ONU "' G'">r#J A3#r2" $" # %r# '"0r# $" $"'%4"'2"+ @4" "+%#3#' # 2*$# $"2"%%&' *%#, "+2" 4'# cifra dorada $" %r!'#"+ @4" 2"'"' " 3*$"r 3*K2%* / * "F"r%"' !34'"!"'2", #>#'$*'#'$* # *+ %4$#$#'*+ / # %*"%2$#$ # # "3*2#%&' $" # *0#r@4K#, * @4" $+3*'"' $" 4' 3*$"r "%*'&!%* @4" +" $"+#rr*# "' $"2r!"'2* $" %*'F4'2* $" # +*%"$#$ . . . S" 2r#2#, "+"'%#!"'2", $" %*'"'%#+ 3*K2%*"%*'&!%#+, $" %*4+*'"+ 3*K2%*'#'%"r#+, $" +42"+ 3"%4#$*+, $" %*'%4+*'"+ $+r#6#$#+ / $" #>4+*+ r"#"+, #*r"%$*+ 3*r #+ #04'#+ $" # "/ !+ * !"'*+ $">"r#$#+, %*!* 3*r #+ %*!3#%"'%#+ !+ * !"'*+ %*'+%"'2"+. ca II. 15. MEDIOS DE INVESTIGACIÓN M"'%*'#r"!*+ # %*'2'4#%&' #04'*+ $" *+ !"$*+ @4", %*' 3#/*r r"%4"'%#, +" 426#' "' # '"+20#%&' %r!'*&0%#. 1H /s!adís!ico, /# !"'%*'#$* "' " #3#r2#$* #'2"r*r. :H udiciales y o!ras formas de con!rol social en la 5re+ención del eli!o# ?4'2* C*'0r"+* $" # ONU +*>r" \r""'%&' $" D"2* / Tr#2#!"'2* $" D"'%4"'2". N4"# Y*r], USA. 19(, 3. :. CIENCIA Y MÉTODOS CRIMINOLÓGICOS $$
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$"2"r!'#$#. 7H An!roológico, @4" 34"$" +"r #'2r*3*!2r%*, K+%* * %424r# #r@4"*&0%*, "2'*&0%* * '0K+2%*H. 5H 5sicológico, 3*r !"$* $" "'2r"+2#+, 2"+2+, "'%4"+2#+, "2%. H 5si&ui?!rico, @4" 34"$" '%4r "'2r"+2#, "!"'"+, ""%2r*"'%"#*0r#!#, "2%. (H M'dico, %*' #4+%42#%&', #'#!'"++, "3*r#%&' 3*r #3#r#2*+, #'++, "2%. 8H (ociológico, %*' *>+"r#%&' / "3"r!"'2#%&' $" #>*r#2*r* * $" %#!3*. 9H Criminalís!ico, 2#'2* %*' "+24$* $" 40#r $" *+ )"%)*+ %*!* #'++ $" #>*r#2*r*. 1H Clínico, )#%"'$* # )+2*r# %K'%# $" # $# #'2+*%# $" +4F"2*. 11H *0r#K# * #42*>*0r#K# $" %r!'#"+. 1:H ocumen!al, "+24$#'$* $*%4!"'2*+ 3=>%*+, * 3r#$*+ "3+2*#r*+, $#r*+H '*r!"+, !"!*r#+, %"'+*+, "3"$"'2"+H. 1H %#%*'"+ %"'2K%#+ 2r#2#$*+, %*!3"'$*+, 2"2*+, #r2K%4*+ "' r"+2#+H. 17H @emer o gr?fico, #%4$"'$* # *+ #r%)*+ $" *+ !"$*+ $" '*r!#%&' 3"r&$%*+, r"+2#+, '*2%#r*+ !#$*+, "2%.H. 15H Ar!ís!ico, "+ " #%"r%#!"'2* # #+ *>r#+ $" #r2", %*' # '2"r3r"2#%&' %r!'*&0%# $" # 2"r#24r#, # 3'24r#, # "+%424r#, # !=+%#, "2%.c\ 1H Folloz+7u, "+ " +"04r # 4' $"'%4"'2", * 0r43* $" $"'%4"'2"+ / # 4' 0r43* %*'2r*, $4r#'2" 4' #r0* 2"!3* #*+H. E'2'$#+" @4" # +2# 3r"+"'2#$# "+ "F"!3%#2#, / "' *r!# #04'# ")#4+2#. J% U: 0-0;5l! :!+1l0 0" ^ Delin*uentt nell+arte, *0 ENRICO FERRI. Di,O
CAPÍTULO III
LA SÍNTESIS CRIMINOLÓGICA 1. I'2r*$4%%&'.:. C*'%"32* $" SK'2"++.. L#+ M#2"r#+ $" SK'2"++.7. A'2r*3**0K# Cr!'*&0%#.5. B**0K# Cr!'*&0%#. . P+%**0K# Cr!'*&0%#.(. S*%**0K# Cr!'*&0%#. 8. L# Cr!'#K+2%#.9. L# V%2!**0K#.1. L# P"'**0#. 11. L# SK'2"++ CK'%#.1:. L# SK'2"++ G"'"r#. III. 1. INTRODUCCIÓN E+2" %#3K24* "+2 $"$%#$* # # +K'2"++ %r!'*&0%#J "' "3*'$r"!*+ " %*'%"32* $" +K'2"++ / #+. !#2"r#+ @4" %*!3*'"' # 0r#' %"'%# %r!'*&0%#. L#+ !#2"r#+ @4" 3r*3*'"!*+ 3#r# *r!#r # +K'2"++ +*' 4' !K'!* r"@4"r$*, "' *r!# #04'# +" 2r#2# $" 4'# "'4!"r#%&' !2#2#, /# @4" 34"$"' %*'%4rrr >"'"%*+#!"'2" *2r#+ $+%3'#+, $" #%4"r$* # 3r*>"!# %*'%r"2* # r"+*"r. III.:. CONCEPTO DE SÍNTESIS P*r +K'2"++ +" "'2"'$" # %*!3*+%&' $" 4' 2*$* 3*r # r"4'&' $" +4+ 3#r2"+J "+ #0* !+ @4" # +!3" +4!# / %*!3"'$* $" 4'# !#2"r# * %*+#.
E2!*&0%#!"'2" "'" $" #2K' syn!esis, / +2" $" 0r"0* %r4r"*+, @4" '*+ $# # "'2"'$"r # #%%&' $" %*!3*'"r #+ %*+#+ %*' '2"0"'%#, +' $"F#r '#$# $"+%*'"%2#$*, "' * @4" %#$# 3#r2" "# 4'# K'2!# r"#%&' %*' " 2*$* / %#$# %*+# *%43# 4' 34"+2* $"2"r!'#$*. E' # @4K!%# +" $"+%r>" # +K'2"++ %*!* # *r!#%&' $" 4'# $% 58 CRIMINOLOGÍA
+4>+2#'%# %*!34"+2# !"$#'2" # %*!>'#%&' $" ""!"'2*+ * +4>+2#'%#+ !+ +"'%#+. E' Cr!'**0K# " %*'%"32* "+ +!#r, 34"+ '4"+2r# %"'%# "+2 *r!#$# 3*r # +4!# / " %*!3"'$* '2"rr"#%*'#$* $" +4+ $"r+*+ %*!3*'"'2"+. U+#'$* " +K! @4K!%*, 3*$"!*+ "3%#r # Cr!'**0K# %*!* 4'# !#2"r# '4"#, #42&'*!#, " '$"3"'$"'2", *r!#$# 3*r # %*!>'#%&' $" *2r#+ !#2"r#+, + '* !+ +!3"+ +K !+ "+3"%#6#$#+. ?46 # %#r#%2"rK+2%# !+ +*>r"+#"'2" $" # Cr!'**0K# "+ +"r +'22%#J + '* +" "0# # # +K'2"++ '* )#/ Cr!'**0K#, 3*$r )#>"r 4'# 3#r2", 3*$r "+2r P+%**0K# Cr!'*&0%# * S*%**0K# Cr!'*&0%#, 3"r* '* Cr!'**0K#. A '" $" '2"r3r"2#%&' '$$4# " %r!'#H, +&* 34"$" )#>#r+" $" "+24$*, $#0'&+2%* * 3r*'&+2%* %r!'*&0%*, + +" "0# # # +K'2"++ $" 4'# +"r" $" !#2"r#+J "' 2#'2* '* +" *0r" "+2* 2"'$r"!*+ 2#' +&* 4' "+24$* !$%*, 3+%*&0%*, #'2r*3*&0%* * +*%*&0%* $" %r!'#. L*+ "+24$*+, '"+20#%*'"+ * "3*r#%*'"+ 3#r%#"+ '* %*'+224/"' Cr!'**0K#J +'* r#0!"'2*+ %r!'*&0%*+, " '++2!*+ "' " 34'2* 3*r +"r 4'* $" *+ "rr*r"+ %*!4'"+ # %r""r @4" %#'$* +" "+24$# " >#rr* %r!'&0"'* +" "+2 )#%"'$* Cr!'**0K#, / "+2* +"rK# 2#' +&* S*%**0K# Cr!'*&0%#, * @4" %4#'$* +" r"#6# 4' "+24$* 3+%*&0%* $" %r!'# +" )#%" Cr!'**0K#, / "+2* +"r P+%**0K# Cr!'*&0%# %4#'$* '* +*#!"'2" S*%**0K# * P+%**0K# Cr!'#"+H. P#r# ALMARAZ, I'"+20#r *+ #%2*r"+ 3+K@4%*+ / *+ +*%#"+ @4" '2"r'"r*' "' # 0'"++ $" 4' $"2* '* "+ )#%"r P+%**0K# * S*%**0K# %r!'#"+, +'* #3%#r *+ !2*$*+ / *+ $#2*+ $" # P+%**0K# / # S*%**0K# 3#r# "3%#r # %*'$4%2# $" 4' $"'%4"'2" +'04#r. E+2*+ 3r*%"$!"'2*+ 3r*%"$!"'2*+ " '"+20#%*'"+ +" #%*+24!>r#' #0r43#r >#F* " '*!>r" $" Cr!'**0K#, Cr!'**0K#, %4#'$* %*' "*+ +" +" 2r#2# $" $"+%4>rr #+ %#4+#+ $" 4' $"2* %*'%r"2*, "+ $"%r, $" "3%#r* %"'2K%#!"'2". %"'2K%#!"'2". -
E+2#!*+ $" #%4"r$* %*' P""6 "' @4" L# %"'%# '* 34"$" r"$4%r+" # 4'# +!3" r"%"3%&' / *r0#'6#%&' $" $#2*+, +'* @4" !3%# +"!3r" 4'# #%2$#$ +'22%# $" '2"r3r"2#%&' @4" +r# 3#r# "3%#r +4 *>F"2*J *>F"2*J + #+K '* 4"+", +" 2"'$rK# 2"'$rK# +&* 4'# $"+%r3 e8 ALMARAZ. # ci!#, 3. .
LA SÍNTESIS CRIMINOLÓGICA $'
%&' !+ * !"'*+ $# $" #04'*+ "'&!"'*+, / 3*r "* 2*$* *b %*'2r#r* $" 4'# %"'%# "r$#$"r#. ea III.. LAS MATERIAS DE SÍNTESIS A'2"+ $" "3%#r %#$# 4'# $" #+ !#2"r#+ @4" %*'+$"r#!*+ '"%"+#r#+ 3#r# "0#r # 4'# +K'2"++, +K'2"++, "+ '"%"+#r* )#%"r 4'# $"r"'%# $"r"'%# "'2r" %"'%#+ %r!'*&0%#+ / %r!'**0K#+ "+3"%#6#$#+ * %r!'**0K#+
#'#K2%#+, 3#r# 3*$"r "0#r # %*'%"32* $" Cr!'**0K#2 0"'"r# * Cr!'**0K# S'22%#. L#+ %r!'**0K#+ #'#K2%#+ * "+3"%#6#$#+ +*' 2"'2#2#+ $" "3%#%&' $" "'&!"'* %r!'# 2*!#'$* %*!* 34'2* $" 3#r2$# 4'# %"'%# "+3"%K%#, / #+K +" 3*$rK# )#>#r $" Cr!'**0K# A'2r*3*&0%# A'2r*3*&0%# L*MBROS*H, Cr!'**0K# B*&0%# EXNERH , Cr!'**0K# S*%*&0%# ;ERRIH , * Cr!'**0K# Cr !'**0K# P+%*&0%# GEMELLIH . E' 2*$*+ "+2*+ %#+*+ *+ #42*r"+ $"+#rr*#' 4'# "r$#$"r# Cr!'**0K#, $'$*" 4'# *r"'2#%&' $"2"r!'#$#, / #4'@4" 3r"$*!'#'$* 4' !2*$* '* $"+$"#' *+ $"!+. L* #'2"r*r +" "3%# 3*r # 3r*"+&' * 3r"3#r#%&' 3r"3#r#%&' 3#r2%4#r $" %#$# 2r#2#$+2#J 2r#2#$+2#J "+ $"'*2#r+" @4" )#/ 3#K+"+ %*' 4'# $r"%%&' %!"'2" $"'2%#>", #+K, "' I2## # Cr!'**0K# "+ B*&0%#, !"'2r#+ @4" "' E+2#$*+. U'$*+ "+ S*%*&0%#. L#+ %"'%#+ %r!'*&0%#+, 3*r * 0"'"r# +*' "' +4 *r0"' r#!#+, r# !#+, $+*'"+ * #3%#%*'"+ $" *2r#+ %"'%#+, +4+ r"#+ "+2' %#r#!"'2" $"2"r!'#$#+ / +4 !"2*$**0K# 2"'" 4'# 0r#' 34r"6#, #+K,, # P+%**0K# Cr!'# +"rK# 4'# r#!# $" # P+%**0K# G"'"r#, / # S*%**0K# Cr!'# * +"rK# $" # S*%**0K# G"'"r#. E' " !*!"'2* "' @4" "+2#+ r#!#+ >4+%#' '2"0r#r+" # 4' 2*$*, @4" "+ # Cr!'**0K#, +" %*'"r2"' "' %r!'*&0%#+, / 3#+#' # +"r 3#r2" '2"0r#'2" $" # Cr!'**0K# G"'"r# * S'22%#. E %#!'* $" '2"0r#%&' $" # Cr!'**0K# G"'"r# * S'22%# "+ %#r* '#%" 3r!"r* " '2"r+ $" %"r2#+ %"'%#+ B**0K#, P+%**0K#, S*%**0K#, A'2r*3**0K#H A'2r*3**0K#H 3*r " "'&!"'* %r!'#, / %r"#'r#!#+ 3#r# +4 "+24$*J 3*+2"r*r!"'2", 3*+2"r*r!"'2", #04'*+ "+3"%#+2#+ "+3"%#+2#+ "' "+2#+r#!#+ "+2#+r#!#+ >4+%#' #!3#r +4+ %*'*%!"'2*+ %*'*%!"'2*+ /, /, +' 3"r$"r +4 *r"'2#%&', *r"'2#%&', +" #4#' $" *2r#+ %"'%#+ 3#r# %*!3"2#r +4+ "3%#%*'"+, $#'$*'#%!"'2* $#'$*'#%!"'2* # #+ %r!'**0K#+ #'#K2%#+ * "+3"%#6#$#+. ;'#!"'2", +" "0# # 4'# "3%#%&' "@4>r#$#, "@4>r#$#, # %*!3#r#r PEIE>. Op. cit., 5. 4'&.
&7 CRIMINOLOGÍA
*+ r"+42#$*+ *>2"'$*+ 3*r %#$# %r!'**0K# "+3"%#6#$#, +" 3r"%+#' '4"#!"'2" *+ %#!3*+, +" $+2'04"' #+ !"2*$**0K#+, +" !3*'" 4'# 2&'%# >+%#!"'2" %r!'*&0%# / +" *0r# 4'# +K'2"++ #r!&'%#, "' # @4" +" $# +4 "+2r%2# !3*r2#'%# # %#$# r#!#, "+2# "+ # Cr!'**0K# G"'"r# * +'22%#. O2r*+ %*!3*'"'2"+ $" # Cr!'**0K# +04"' 4' %#!'* $+2'2*, 34"+ '#%"' %*' 0r#' '$"3"'$"'%#, '$"3"'$"'%#, 2#"+ +*' # ;"'**0K# ;"'**0K# / # V%2!** V%2!**0K# 0K# #4'@4" #04'*+ #42*r"+ $+2'04"' 4'# V%2!**0K# G"'"r# / 4'# V%2!**0K# Cr!'*&0%#H. Q#/ #42*r"+ @4" #+ %*'+$"r#' '$"3"'$"'2"+, '$"3"'$"'2"+, *2r*+ )#>#' $" Cr!'**0K# #3%#$#, '*+*2r*+ #+ "'2"'$"!*+ %*!* 3#r2"+ >+%#+ $" # Cr!'**0K#. Cr !'**0K#. E' '4"+2r# *3'&' *+ %*!3*'"'2"+ !K'!*+ $" # Cr!'**0K# +*' *+ +04"'2"+ 1. A'2r*3**0K# Cr!'*&0%#. :. B**0K# Cr!'*&0%# Cr !'*&0%# . P+%**0K# Cr!'*&0%# 7. S*%**0K# Cr!'*&0%# 5. Cr!'#K+2%#
. V%2!**0K# (. ;"'**0K# L# +2# '* "+ !2#2#, "' 4' !*!"'2* $#$* 3*$"!*+ #4#r'*+ $" *2r#+ %"'%#+ * $+%3'#+, +2# @4" )"!*+ "'4'%#$* "+ # @4" '*+ 3#r"%" @4" %4>r" 4' !K'!* '$+3"'+#>" '$+3"'+#>" 3#r# "0#r # /: +K'2"++ #$"%4#$#. L# Cr!'**0K# "+ 4'# %"'%# #>"r2# # 2*$# '4"# %*'@4+2# $" +#>"r, 3*r "+2* "+ 4'# %"'%# F*"' @4" '* 34"$" "'"F"%"r, /# @4" +" " %*'2'4#!"'2" r"'*#$# 3*r *+ $"+%4>r!"'2*+ %"'2K%*+. III.7. ANTROPOLOGÍA ANTROPOLOGÍA CRIMINOLÓGICA L# Cr!'**0K# '#%" %*!* A'2r*3**0K# Cr!'# L*!>r*+*, 18(H, 3r"2"'$"'$* $#r 4'# "3%#%&' '2"0r# $" )*!>r" $"'%4"'2". L# A'2r*3**0K# $" 0r"0* an!roos )*!>r", / logos 2r#2#$*H, "2!*&0%#!"'2" "+ # %"'%# $" %*'*%!"'2* $" )*!>r", / # A'2r*3**0K# Cr!'*&0% Cr!'*&0%## +"rK# " "+24$* $" #+ %#r#%2"rK+2%#+ $" )*!>r" %r!'#. LA SÍNTESIS CRIMINOLÓGICA 1
L# A'2r*3**0K# A'2r*3**0K# "' 0"'"r# 34"$" $$r+" "' A'2r*3*>**0K#, @4" "+ # r#!# @4" a4 A'2r*3**0K# K+%# * A'2r*3*>**0K#, "+24$# # "*4%&' / #r#>$#$ $" 0'"r* )4!#'* / +4 r"#%&' %*' " !"$* #!>"'2". %424r#, @4" # +4 "6 +" 04>$$" "' =4 A'2r*3**0K# %424r#, Ar@4"**0K#, Ar@4"**0K#, "+24$* $" # # %424r# !"$#'2" +4+ r"+2*+ r"+2*+ !#2"r#"+. E2'**0K#, "+24$* "+24$* $" #+ $"r+#+ !#'"+2#%*'"+ !#'"+2#%*'"+ $" # %424r#. L'0K+2%#, "+24$* "+24$* $" *+ "'04#F"+ %*!* %*!* !"$*+ $" %*!4'%#%&' %424r# %*' +4+ %#r#%2"rK+2%#+ '2rK'+"%#+. L# A'2r*3**0K# A'2r*3**0K# Cr!'# )# +$* $"'$# %*!* E "+24$* $" #+ %#r#%2"rK+2%#+ K+%#+ / !"'2#"+ 3#r2%4#r"+ # *+ #42*r"+ $" %rK!"'"+ / $"2*+, / %*!* # %"'%# @4" "+24$# 3r"%+#!"'2" *+ %#r#%2"r"+ "+3"%K%*+ / $+2'2*+ $" )*!>r" "' 2#'2* @4" +"r *, / "' "+2" %#+* $" )*!>r" %r!'#, %*'+$"r#$* "+2" 2r!'* "' +4 +"'2$* !+ #!3*._aaae MORALES COELLO $"'" # A'2r*3**0K# %*!* # %"'%# @4" "+24$# # )*!>r" @4" 4" / # )*!>r" #%24#, "' 2*$*+ *+ 40#r"+ $" 4'"r+*, "+2#>"%"'$* %*!3#r#%*'"+ #'#2&!%#+, +*&0%#+ / 3+%*&0%#+H "'2r" *+ %*!3*'"'2"+ $" # !+!# r#6#, $" $"r"'2"+ r#6#+ / 2#!>' "' r"#%&' %*' #+ "+3"%"+ 6**&0%#+ !+ 3r&!#+._a_ N4"+2r* !#"+2r* D TULLIO $%" @4" # A'2r*3**0K# Cr!'# "' +K "+24$# # 3"r+*'#$#$ $" $"'%4"'2", !"$#'2" !2*$* %"'2K%* @4" "+ %*'"#$* $"'2r* $" # %"'%# >*&0%# / 3+%*&0%# "' 0"'"r#, / # %"'%# $" # %*'+224%&' / # >*23**0K# )4!#'# "' 3#r2%4#rJ !2*$* @4" @4" %*'+$"r# # # 3"r+*'#$#$ 3"r+*'#$#$ )4!#'# %*!* 4'# 4'$#$ '"+%'$>", $"'2r* $" # *r!# / 4'%&', %#r%2"r +*!2%* / %#r%2"r 3+K@4%*, 4"r6# !#2"r# / 4"r6# "+3r24#J "+2#'$* 4'$*+ "+2r"%)# / %**r$'#$#!"'2", $" !#'"r# 2# @4" $"'2r* $" "+# !+!# 3"r+*'#$#$ '$$4# $">" %*rr"+3*'$"r # +4 3r*3# !*r**0K#, +4 4'%*'#!"'2*, +4 F+%**0K#._\_ C*!* 3*$"!*+ *>+"r#r, "0# # 4'# 2*2# Cr!'**0K# A'2r*3*&0%#. A'2r*3*&0%#. D" 4'# 0r#' "2"'+&', # A'2r*3**0K# A'2r*3**0K# %r!'*&0%# "+24$# # %r!'# # 3#r2r $" +4+ %#r#%2"rK+2%#+ +*!2%#+, #'#6#'$* #+ !" 1 Cr. GRAPIN, ;IERRE. L.An!roologie Criminelle# Criminelle# Pr"++"+ U'"r+2#r"+ $" ;r#'%".
P#rK+, ;r#'%# ,19(, 33. 5 / . 11 MORALES COELLO, ULIO. 0aciones de An!roología eneral# T*!* 1, :a "$%&'. C424r#, S. A. L# Q#>#'#, C4>#, 3. I. 1B DI TULLIO, BENIGNO. Dra!ado de An!roología Criminal# E$K2rK%" %r!'##, R*!# MCMXLV, 3. :5. : CRIMINOLOGÍA
$$#+ / r"#%*'"+ '4!r%#+ $" #+ $+2'2#+ 3#r2"+ $" %4"r3* )4!#'* A'2r*3*!"2rK#H. L# A'2r*3*!"2rK# 24* 0r#' #40" # %*'"r2r+" "' A'2r*3*!"2rK# Cr!'#, 0r#%#+ 3r'%3#!"'2" # 4' "!3"#$* $" # Pr""%24r# $" P#rK+, ALPQONSE BERTILLON @4" 426& #+ 2%'%#+ #'2r*3*!2r%#+ 3#r# $"'2%#r $"'%4"'2"+J L*!>r*+*, %*!* "r"!*+ !+ #$"#'2", 4'$# # Cr!'**0K# # 3#r2r $" 4'# +"r" $" "3"r"'%#+ !$"'$* %r'"*+ $" %r!'#"+. L# Ar@4"**0K# Cr!'*&0%# "+ 4'# r#!# 2*$#K# 3*%* "3*r#$#, 3"r* @4" 34"$" #3*r2#r '*2#>"+ %*'*%!"'2*+. L# A'2r*3**0K# Cr!'*&0%# "+24$# 2#!>' " ""%2* $" !"$* K+%* / # #$#32#%&' $" )*!>r" # !+!* E%**0K#H, #+K %*!* Eel "+3#%* "' @4" +" !4"" " +"r )4!#'*, / @4" 34"$" +"r +*%&3"2*, #*r"%"'$* #+ r"#%*'"+ +*%#"+, * +*%&40*, *>+2#%46'$*#+. U'* $" *+ %#3K24*+ !+ !3*r2#'2"+ "+ " $" # E2'**0K# @4" b"+24$#, "' " 2"!3* / "+3#%*, #+ %r""'%#+, 2%'%#+, #r2", "2%., $" 34">*+ / 0r43*+ %424r#"+ "2)'"+HJ *+ %*!3#r# " '"+20# +4+ f+!24$"+ / $"r"'%#+. L#+ %*+24!>r"+, *+ 2#24#F"+, #+ +43"r+2%*'"+, # !*r#, " "' 04#F", #+ "3r"+*'"+ #r2K+2%#+ $" %r!'#, #+ $"r"'%#+ "'2r" $"r+*+ 0r43*+ %r!'#"+ +"0=' "$#$, r"0&', )#>2#2, "2%.H, " modus oerandi "' %"r2*+ %rK!"'"+, +*' #3*r2#%*'"+ $" 0r#' #*r $" # A'2r*3**0K# Cr!'*&0%#. C*!* 2"!#+ 3#r# 4' %4r+* $" A'2r*3**0K# Cr!'*&0%# 3*$"!*+ +"##r C*'%"32* $" A'2r*3**0K# / +4+ r#!#+ A'2r*3**0K# K+%#, E!**0K#. Ar@4"**0K# / L'0K+2%#. C*'%"32* $" C424r# / +4 '2"rr"#%&' %*' # >**0K#. C*'%"32* $" #r#>$#$ )4!#'# >*&0%# V#r#>$#$ '2r#'$$4# %r"%!"'2* / $"+#rr**H, #r#>$#$ $"'2r* $" 4'# 3*>#%&' A'2r*3*!"2rK#, %*'+224%&' K+%#, !#r%#$*r"+ 0"'2%*+H , #r#>$#$ "'2r" 3*>#%*'"+ r#6#+ )4!#'#+H. L# %424r# %*!* ""!"'2* $" #$#32#%&' )4!#'#. E %%* $" $#, #+ %"r"!*'#+ $" '%#%&', %*'%"32* $" r* / +2#24+. L# %4$#$ / " %#!3*. C*'%"32* $" !#r0'#%&'. T"'$"'%#+ '"4r*%"r">r#+2#+. T"'$"'%#+ >*23*&0%#+. T"*rK#+ +*!#2*3+%*&0%#+. T"'$"'%# 0"'"2+2#. L# '"*A'2r*3**0K#. LA SÍNTESIS CRIMINOLÓGICA &6
L# '2"r"'%&' $" *+ !*$"r'*+ #'2r*3&*0*+, 2#'2* K+%*+ %*!* %424r#"+, )# +"r$* 3#r# "'r@4"%"r '*2#>"!"'2" # Cr!'**0K#, 3r'%3#!"'2" "' r#!#+ %*!* # Cr!'#K+2%# / # ;"'**0K#. A 3"+#r $" @4" #04'*+ 3"'+#' @4" # #+" A'2r*3*&0%# $" # Cr!'**0K#
"+2 +43"r#$#, '*+*2r*+ '++2!*+ "' +4 #*r, %r""!*+ @4" * @4" )#/ "+ 4' $"+%*'*%!"'2* $" # !#2"r#, / )"!*+ '++2$* "' @4" +" '%4/# "' *+ 3r*0r#!#+ $" "+24$* $" 3*+20r#$* "' Cr!'**0K#. III.5. BIOLOGÍA CRIMINOLÓGICA L# B**0K# Cr!'*&0%# "+24$# # )*!>r" $" %*'$4%2# #'2+*%# %*!* 4' +"r *, $"+$" +4+ #'2"%"$"'2"+ 0"'2%*+ )#+2# +4+ 3r*%"+*+ #'#2*!*+*&0%*+J # '4"'%# $" *+ "'&!"'*+ >*&0%*+ "' # %r!'#$#$ / # 3#r2%3#%&' $" *+ #%2*r"+ >*&0%*+ "' " %r!"'. L*+ 2"!#+ >+%*+ $" "+2# !#2"r# +*' E %r!'# %*!* +"r *. E 3r*>"!# 0"'2%* 0"'2%# %r!'*&0%#H A>"rr#%*'"+ %r*!*+*!2%#+ / %r!'#$#$. G"+2#%&', "%4'$#%&', "!>#r#6*, 3#r2*. E2#3#+ "*42#+ $" +"r )4!#'* '"6, #$*"+%"'%#, +"'"%24$. L*+ ++2"!#+ '"r*+*+. S+2"!# "'$*%r'* "'$*%r'**0K# %r!'#H. E +"*, +4 !3*r2#'%# %r!'*&0%#. P#2**0K#. E 4'%*'#!"'2* $" *r0#'+!*, # r"#%&' $" +2" %*' " !"$* K+%*, *+ ""%2*+ $" # #!"'2#%&', # $+4'%&' 0#'$4#r, # )"r"'%# %r!'# / +4+ r"+3"%2#+ r"#%*'"+ %*' # %r!'#$#$, +*' 3r*>"!#+ %r!'*&0%*+ @4" r"+4"" # B**0K# Cr!'*&0%#. C*!* 34"$" "r+", # B**0K# Cr!'*&0%# "2"'$" +4+ '"+20#%*'"+ # 2*$*+ *+ #+3"%2*+ #'#2&!%*+, +*&0%*+, 3#2*&0%*+ / >*@4K!%*+ $" # 3"r+*'#$#$ %r!'#. A%24#!"'2", "+2# !#2"r# +" 3r"*%43# 3*r 3r*>"!#+ %*!* #+ $+4'%*'"+ $" ++2"!# '"r*+* %"'2r# / # %*'$4%2# #'2+*%#J # 3*+>$#$ $" $"r"'%#+ >*&0%#+ "'2r" %r!'#"+ / '* %r!'#"+J # >*@4K!%# / +4 '4"'%# "' " %*!3*r2#!"'2* %r!'#J *+ "+24$*+ +*>r" 3#r"F#+ $" 0"!"*+ "' *+ @4" # !"'*+ 4'* "+ %r!'#. 7 CRIMINOLOGÍA ;RANZ EXNER_ " 3r'%3# $""'+*r $"
2r!'* B**0K# Cr!'#, # $"'" %*!* L# 2"*rK# $" $"2* %*!* #3#r%&' "' # $# $" 4' 34">* / "' # $# "' 3#r2%4#r._a\_ E' +4 *>r#, "+2" 2r#2#$+2# )#%" 4'# #*r#%&' $" #%2*r >*&0%* r"'2" # # 3r"3*'$"r#'%# $" # 2"*rK# $" !"$* +*%#, "0#'$* # 4'# "r$#$"r# Cr!'**0K# B*&0%#, "+ $"%r, "3%#'$* # 2*2#$#$ $" "'&!"'* %r!'# 3#r2"'$* $" *+ #+3"%2*+ >*&0%*+. E' #04'*+ #+3"%2*+, +' "!>#r0*, " 0r#' 3r*"+*r $" M'%)"' "0# # 4'# "r$#$"r# Cr!'**0K# G"'"r#, %*!* 3*$"!*+ "r "' # "$%&' 2##'# $" +4 *>r#.Wb E' 19:(, "' V"'#, +" 4'$& # S*%"$#$ $" B**0K# Cr!'#, $#'$* 0r#' '#++ # "+2# !#2"r#, @4" )# 2"'$* >r#'2"+ "3*+2*r"+, %*!* L"'6, V"r#"%], L#4$"2, R*F#+, R>"r*, "2%. NERIO ROAS )#%" "' +4 !"$%'# "0# 4'# #r0# "3*+%&' %r!'*&0%#,_aa / LEONIDIO RIBEIRO _aa "' +4 Cr!'**0K# 2r#2# 3r'%3#!"'2" $" 3r*>"!#+ >*!$%*+. E >&*0*, " !$%*, " 0"'"2+2#, 2"'"' !4%)* @4" $"%r / @4" #3*r2#r "' " %*'*%!"'2* $" # %*'$4%2# #'2+*%# / $" +4 #42*r,
/ +4 3#r2%3#%&' "' # %*'04r#%&' $" # !*$"r'# Cr!'**0K# "+ '$+3"'+#>", %*' !#/*r r#6&' "' " !*!"'2* #%24# "' @4" +" 2"'$" # r*!3"r " "@4>r* )#%"'$* # Cr!'**0K# "%"+#!"'2" S*%*&0%#. III.. PSICOLOGÍA CRIMINOLÓGICA L# P+%**0K# Cr!'*&0%# "+, >#+'$*+" "' +4 "2!**0K#, " "+24$* $" #!# $" +4F"2* %r!'#. D"+$" 4"0* @4" " %*'%"32* $" 5si&ue #!#H * 426#!*+ "' +"'2$* %"'2K%* / '* *+&%*. L# P+%**0K# Cr!'*&0%# )# r">#+#$* "' !4%)* " K!2" $" # *>+"r#%&' '$$4# $" +4F"2* #'2+*%#, "2"'$'$*+" )#%# "+24$*+ $" # %*'$4%2# %r!'# / $" *+ #%2*r"+ 3+%*&0%*+ @4" '4/"' "' # %r!'#$#$, +"#' "+2*+ '$$4#"+ * %*"%2*+. ;ERRI r"%*'*%K# %4#2r* r#!#+ %"'2K%#+ 3#r# # *>+"r#%&' 3+%* 1 ENER, ;RANZ.
&0%# $" # 3"r+*'#$#$, # +#>"rJ # P+%**0K# Cr!'#, # P+%**0K# 4$%#, L# P+%**0K# C#r%"#r# / # P+%**0K# L"0#, $%"'$* @4" # 3r!"r# "+24$# # $"'%4"'2" "' %4#'2* "+ #42*r $" $"2*J # +"04'$# "+24$# +4 %*!3*r2#!"'2* "' %4#'2* "+ !342#$* $" 4' $"2*J # 2"r%"r# * "+24$# !"'2r#+ "+2 %*'$"'#$*, "3#'$* 4'# 3"'# %#r%"#r#J / # %4#r2#, "' ', %**r$'# #+ '*%*'"+ 3+%*&0%#+ / 3+%*3#2*&0%#+ @4" *%4rr"' 3*r # #3%#%&' $" #+ '*r!#+ 3"'#"+ 0"'2"+ +*>r" #+ %*'$%*'"+ $" !"'*r $+%"r'!"'2*H , $" "'"r!* !"'2#, $" +*r$*!4$*, $" #%*)&%*, #+K %*!* $" #+ %r%4'+2#'%#+ #0r##'2"+ 3r"!"$2#%&', >r42#$#$, !#$#$, "2%.H * #2"'4#'2"+ !34+* $" r# * $" '2"'+* $**r, #0r#'%# "' #$42"r*, "2%.H ._*\\ E+ 3*+>" $+2'04r, # !"'*+, 4'# P+%**0K# Cr!'*&0%# %*!* "+24$* $" *+ #+3"%2*+ 3+%*&0%*+ $" #+ %*'$4%2#+ #'2+*%#"+, $" 4'# P+%**0K# 4$%#, @4" "+ # #3%#%&' $" *+ %*'*%!"'2*+ 3+%*&0%*+ # *+ 3r*>"!#+ $" # #$!'+2r#%&' $" F4+2%#. T#!>' 34"$" )#>#r+" $" 4'# P+%*3#2**0K# Cr!'*&0%# %*!* " "+24$* $" *+ #%2*r"+, 4'%*'"+ / 3r*%"+*+ 3+K@4%*+ #'*r!#"+ @4" "#' # # %r!'#$#$. Q$# M#r%)*r *3'# @4" L# P+%**0K# 2r#2# $" #"r04#r, $" %*'*%"r @4 "+ * @4" '$4%" # 4' +4F"2* # $"'@4r, @4 +0'%#$%) 2"'" "+# %*'$4%2# 3#r# , 3*r@4 # $"# $" %#+20* '* * #2"!*r6#_ / " )#%" r"'4'%#r # +4+ %*'$4%2#+ %r!'#"+. L# 2#r"# 3+%*&0%# %*'++2" "' #%#r#r +4 +0'%#$* "' 4'# 3"r+3"%2# )+2&r%*0"'2%#. Wb L# P+%**0K# Cr!'*&0%# "+24$#, "'2r" *2r*+ 2"'#+ L# 2"*rK# $" # 3"r+*'#$#$. E %r!"' %*!* 4' 3r*%"+* 3+%*&0%*. L#+ "!*%*'"+ / 3#+*'"+ %r!'&0"'#+. L*+ 2"!3"r#!"'2*+. L# %#r#%2"r**0K# %r!'*&0%#. L#+ !*2#%*'"+ 3+%*&0%#+ $" %r!"',
E $"+#rr** $" # 3"r+*'#$#$. L*+ #%2*r"+ 3+%*W_%*+ $" #04'#+ %*'$4%2#+ #'2+*%#"+ * 3#r#+*%#"+ )*!%$*, r*>*, r#4$", *#%&', #0#>4'$"6, +4%$*,, 3r*+224%&', "2%. 47% FERRI) ENRICO. E: l P,0£8Z!:0 P,@l!
CRIMINOLOGÍA
L# P+%**0K# 4$%#, 3*r +4 3#r2", "+ " "+24$* $" *+ 3r'%3#"+ "'&!"'*+ 3+%*&0%*+, "' r""r"'%# # 3r*>"!# F4$%#, #+K 2"'"!*+ S"'+#%&'. P"r%"3$&'. E'2"'$!"'2*. I'2"0"'%#. I$"#%&'. M"!*r#. R""F*. I'+2'2*. E2%2"r#. A'#6# 2#!>' E 3r*%"+*, +4 3+%*%_K#. P+%**0K# $" 3*%K#, $" 2"+20*, $" F4"6, $" #>*0#$*, $" M'+2"r* P=>%*, $" *+ 3"r2*+. P+%**0K# $" 2"+2!*'*. L# %*'"+&'. E 3"r2#F" 3+%*&0%*. ;'#!"'2", # P+%*3#2**0K# Cr!'*&0%# 2"'" %*!* 2"!2%# D"r"'%#+ "'2r" '*r!#$#$ / #'*r!#$#$. ;"'&!"'*+ 3+%*&0%*+, 3#2*&0%*+. I4+&'. A4%'#%&'. T"*rK# $" # '"4r*++. A!'"+#. ;r"'#+2"'#. M"%#'+!*+ $" $""'+#. C#+%#%&' $" #+ '"4r*++. L#+ 3"r+*'#$#$"+ 3+%*32%#+. L#+ 3"r"r+*'"+ +"4#"+. E2%2"r#. L# P+%**0K# Cr!'*&0%#, "' +"'2$* #!3*, r"='" # # P+%**0K# 4$%# / # # P+%*3#2**0K#, "' %4#'2* "+24$# #+ #3224$"+, *+ 3r*%"+*+ !"'2#"+, # 3"r+*'#$#$, # !*2#%&' %*'+%"'2" * +4>%*'+%"'2"H $" %r!'# / $" +4 %r!"', "0#'$* # #>*r$#r * @4" 34$"r# #!#r+" P+%**0K# S*%# Cr!'*&0%#, "' @4" +" # LA SÍNTESIS C#rMINOLÓGICA (
$" # 3+%**0K# $" '$$4* )#%# # 3+%**0K# $" *+ 0r43*+ +*%#"+ * #'2+*%#"+. E 3+%&*0*, 2#'2* %K'%* %*!* +*%#, '2"r"'" #%2# / "%4'$#!"'2" "' # '2"r3r"2#%&' / 3r""'%&' $" %r!"'J *+ ##'%"+, "' *%#+*'"+ "+3"%2#%4#r"+, $" # %"'%# %r!'*&0%# +" $">"' "' !4%)* # *+ 0r#'$"+ ##'%"+ $" # P+%**0K# %*'2"!3*r'"#.
V#r*+ #42*r"+ )#' 3#r2$* $" # P+%**0K# Cr!'# 3#r# "0#r # # P+%**0K# Cr!'*&0%#, $*+ "F"!3*+ !*'4!"'2#"+ +"rK#' A2## / V*' Q"'20, " 3r!"r* %*' +4+ "+24$*+ $" P+%**0K# 4$%# 1aaa / $" %*'$4%2# #'*r!#,gga " +"04'$* %*' +4+ $*%" 2*!*+ $" P+%**0K# Cr!'#Jgg_ " !#"+2r* 2##'* *0r#r 4'# Cr!'**0K# P+%*&0%# "' +4 D'!%# $" D"2*,gg_ " 3r*"+*r $" B*'' "0#r # 4'# Cr!'**0K# G"'"r# "' +4 2r#2#$* +*>r" E $"2*._g\ III.(. SOCIOLOGÍA CRIMINOLÓGICA E+2# !#2"r# "+24$# " #%*'2"%"r %r!'# %*!* "'&!"'* @4" +" $# "' # %*"%2$#$, 2#'2* "' +4+ %#4+#+ / #%2*r"+ %*!* "' +4+ *r!#+, $"+#rr**, ""%2*+ / r"#%*'"+ %*' *2r*+ )"%)*+ / %*'$4%2#+ @4" +" $#' "' +*%"$#$. E !34+* '%# # # S*%**0K# Cr!'*&0%# +" $">" '$"3"'$"'2"!"'2" $" # "+%4"# $" L/*'H '$4$#>"!"'2" # ENRICO ;ER_ @4"' # %*'+$"r# %*!* # %"'%# $" *+ $"2*+ / $" #+ 3"'#+, r"'*#$# 3*r " !2*$* "3"r!"'2#, +04"'$* #+ #3*r2#%*'"+ $" # A'2r*3**0K# / $" # E+2#$K+2%# Cr!'#._ A 3#r2r $" "+2" %*'%"32* 3*$"!*+ "r @4" ;"rr )# "0#$* "' r"#$#$ # 4'# Cr!'**0K# S*%*&0%#. E' +4 S*%**0K# $" D"2*, Mr**ENDOR;; $%" @4" #3#r"'2"!"'2" )#/ 4'# %*'2r#$%%&', 34"+ !"'2r#+ # S*%**0K# '"+20# $" !*$* r04r*+#!"'2" *>F"2* / r#%*'# #+ %*'$%*'"+ / r"#%* 19 ALTAVILLA, ENOO. 5sicología iudiziaria# U'*'" T3*0r%*E$2r%" T*r'"+". T*r'*, I2##, 1955 $*+ 2*!*+H. * ALTAVILLA, ENRICe. La Condo!!a Anómala# U'*'" T3*0r%*E$2r%" T*r'"+". T*r'*, I2##, 19 $*+ 2*!*+H . 111 QENTIG, QANS VON. /s!udios de 5sicología Criminal# E+3#+# C#3". S. A., M#$r$, E+3##. 19: 1: 2*!*+H. 11: ALTAVILLA, ENRICO. La in?mica del eli!!o# U'*'" T3*0r%*E$2r%" T*r'"+". T*r'*, I2##, 195 $*+ 2*!*+H . Q#/ "$%&' "' "+3#* $" E$2*r# T"!+ B"3#!#. B4"'*+ Ar"+, Ar0"'2'#, 19(. 11 QENTIC, QANS VON. /l eli!o# E+3#+# C#F3". M#$r$, E+3##, 19(1 2*!*+H. 117 ;ERRI. # ci!# 8H, 3. V.
& CRIMINOLOGÍA
'"+ +*%#"+ 0"'"r#"+ $"+$" 4'# #2##/# >r" $" #*r#%*'"+, # 3##>r# $"2*, 3*r " %*'2r#r*, !3%# '*r!#!"'2" 4'# #*r#%&', 4' F4%* $" $"+#*r\\.__\\ E 34"'2" $" 4'&' * "'%4"'2r# "' # Cr!'**0K#, / #+K L# S*%**0K# Cr!'# r"3r"+"'2# +*#!"'2" 4' 3"@4"* +"%2*r "' " '!"'+* %#!3* $" 2r#>#F* $" # S*%**0K# G"'"r#, !"'2r#+ @4" "' " !>2* $" # Cr!'**0K# *%43# 4'# 3*+%&' !4/ !3*r2#'2", 3*r '* $"%r # !+ !3*r2#'2".___ E #42*r %*!"'2#$* "0# # 4'# S*%**0K# Cr!'*&0%#, %*!* 3*$"!*+ "r "' " +04"'2" 3rr#* N* 34"$" 3r"+%'$r +" # "%"+ $" # #/4$# $" # P+%**0K# S*%# / $" # P+%**0K# Cr!'#, # %#4+# $" +4 "+2r"%)# r"#%&' %*' # S*%**0K# Cr!'#. L# Cr!'**0K# / # S*%**0K# 2"'"' !4%)#+ %*+#+ "' %*!=', "' 3r!"r 2r!'* # #%224$ >+%# %"'2K%#, r#%*'#, !"'2r#+ @4" "' %*'2r#+2" %*' "+2* " D"r"%)* P"'# '* 3*$rK# "' 0"'"r# 2*$#K# %*!3"'"2r#r+" $" "+2# #%224$._ QÉCTOR S*LÍ+ ?4ROGA $%" @4" S" #!# S*%**0K# 3*r@4" "+24$# *+ )"%)*+ +*%#"+, #+ '2"r#%%*'"+ )4!#'#+, " r"# #%*'2"%"r %*"%2*, / >4+%# +4 %*!3r"'+&' / +4 "'2"'$!"'2* !"$#'2" " $"+%4>r!"'2* $" +4 +"'2$* / +4+ %*'"*'"+ $" +"'2$*. S" %#%# $" %r!'#, 3*r@4" %*'%r"2# +4 "+24$* # *+ )"%)*+ $"%24*+*+,
+** @4" %*'+$"r#$*+ "' +4 !#+# * +4 2*2#$#$.__c A%24#!"'2", !*$"r'#+ %*rr"'2"+ %r!'*&0%#+ #r!#' @4" " !*$"* $" '"+20#%&' %r!'*&0%* $">" +"r %*!3"2#!"'2" +*%#, /# @4", #4'@4" +" 34$"r# +43*'"r a riori # '2"r"'%&' $" #%2*r"+ "2r#+*%#"+, %*!* *+ >*3+%*&0%*+, "+2*+ "+2#rK#' 3r*4'$#!"'2" !*$%#$*+ 3*r " %*'2"2* +*%# 3#r2%4#r "' " @4" +" !#'"+2#'.__ E'2r" *+ 2"!#+ @4" +*' *>F"2* $" !#/*r #2"'%&' 3*r *+ "+3"%#+2#+ $" "+2# r#!#, "'%*'2r#!*+ E #!>"'2" %&+!%*0"*0r%* 0"*0r#K# / %!#H. L# 3#r"F# $"'%4"'2", " 0r43* 3r!#r* >#'$# * 3#'$#H, " 0r43* +"%4'$#r* #+ *r0#'6#%*'"+ %r!'#"+H, " 0r43* 2"r%#r* r"0*+*, 3*K2%*H, " 0r43* %4#2"r'#r* # !4%)"$4!>r", " E+2#$*H. l i " MiQENDORFF) !LF. !ociología del Delito. R0i"+ *0 Oi*0:+0. M*,i*) E"5) 4'&4) 5. %. l i0 Ibidem, 5. 4%. 44% Ibidem, 5. 4. 44 S!LÍ" ([iROGA) HÉCTOR. Introducción a la !ociologia Criminal. U:i0,"i** Ni!:l *0 M23i!) M23i!) 4'&) 5. .
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LA SÍNTESIS CRIMINOLÓGICA &'
L#+ #r#>"+ $"!*0r%#+. L# $"'%4"'%# 4r>#'# / # r4r#. E #%2*r "%*'&!%*, 2"*rK# "%*'&!%# $" *+ $+24r>*+. E "+3#%* +*%# >#rr*, )#>2#%&'H. L# 3r*"+&' "!3"*, +4>"!3"*, $"+"!3"*, '$4+2r#6#%&', %r!'#$#$ $" %4"* >#'%*, $"'%4"'2" 3r*"+*'#H. L#+ %#+"+ +*%#"+. L*+ 0r43*+ 2'%*+. L# #!#, %*'+2r4%%&', *r!#+, $"+#%&'. L#+ $"r+*'"+. L# 04"rr# / 3*+204"rr#. E !"$* "+%*#r. L*+ !"$*+ $" $4+&'. L# #'*!#K# +*%#. L#+ +4>%4 24r#+. L# !#r0'#$#$ / $"+#%&'. L#+ r"04#r$#$"+ +*%#"+ $" # $"'%4"'%#. V#r"$#$, +!24$, r"3"2%&', *3*+%&', '2"r#%%&', "2%.H L# S*%**0K# +" '2"r"+& $"+$" +4 '#%!"'2* 3*r " "'&!"'* %r!'#, 34"+ "+2" "+ 4'* $" *+ "'&!"'*+ +*%#"+ !+ '*2#>"+. Y # S*%**0K# Cr!'# )# +$* 4'# $" #+ r#!#+ !+ r4%2K"r#+ $" # S*%**0K# G"'"r#. A)*r#, # S*%**0K# Cr!'*&0%# "+24$# *+ 3r*>"!#+ %r!'#"+ / 2r#2# $" $#r "3%#%*'"+ !+ %*!3"2#+ # # %*'$4%2# #'2+*%#, "'%*'2r'$*+" 2"!#+ @4" +*' "r$#$"r*+ !*$"*+ * )3&2"++ $" '"+20#%&', %*!* #+ +4>%424r#+ %r!'#"+, *+ %*'%2*+ %424r#"+, # *3*r24'$#$ $" $"'@4r, " "2@4"2#!"'2*_ !#r0'#6#%&', "2%. L# '2"r"'%&' '* +&* $" +*%&*0*+, +'* $" *2r*+ "+3"%#+2#+ "' #+ %"'%#+ +*%#"+, %*!* "%*'*!+2#+, 3*2&*0*+, #$!'+2r#$*r"+,
4r>#'+2#+, 2%'%*+ "' %*!4'%#%&', "2%., )# "'r@4"%$* $" !#'"r# '*2#>" # Cr!'**0K#, # 2# 0r#$* $" 3r'%3#r+" # )#>#r $" A$!'+2r#%&' Cr!'*&0%# *, $"+$" 4"0*, $" P*K2%# Cr!'*&0%#. E+ $" F4+2%# +"##r @4", "' #+ 4'%*'"+ $" '"+20#%&', / !4/ 3r'%3#!"'2" "' " %#!3* $" # Cr!'**0K# CK'%#, "+ '$+3"'+#>" # '2"r"'%&' $" "+" "2r#*r$'#r* / #>'"0#$* 3r*"+*'+2# #!#$* Tr#>#F#$*r S*%#. S*' "*+ / "#+, 34"+ "' +4 !#/*rK# +*' !4F"r"+H *+ @4", +' ##r$"+ #%#$!%*+, +' 2"*rK#+ %*!3"F#+ " '=2"+, +' 3r"2"'+*'"+ $" "r$#$ #>+*42#, +" #%"r%#' # # ( CRIMINOLOGÍA
$**r*+# r"#$#$ +*%# / *0r#' 2r4'*+ '*2#>"+ "' # 3r""'%&' / "' " 2r#2#!"'2*. III.8. LA CRIMINALÍSTICA L# Cr!'#K+2%# "+ " %*'F4'2* $" 3r*%"$!"'2*+ #3%#>"+ # # >=+@4"$#, $"+%4>r!"'2* / "r%#%&' %"'2K%# $" )"%)* #3#r"'2"!"'2" $"%24*+* / $" 3r"+4'2* #%2*r $" +2". P#r# RA;AEL MORENO, Cr!'#K+2%# "+ # $+%3'# @4" #3%# 4'$#!"'2#!"'2" *+ %*'*%!"'2*+, !2*$*+, / 2%'%#+ $" '"+20#%&' $" #+ %"'%#+ '#24r#"+ "' " "#!"' $" !#2"r# +"'+>" +0'%#2*, r"#%*'#$* %*' 4' 3r"+4'2* )"%)* $"%24*+*, %*' " ' $" $"2"r!'#r, "' #4* $" *+ &r0#'*+ "'%#r0#$*+ $" #$!'+2r#r F4+2%#, +4 "+2"'%#, * >"' r"%*'+2r4r*, * >"' +"##r / 3r"%+#r # '2"r"'%&' $" 4'* * #r*+ +4F"2*+ "' " !+!*.__ CECCALDI $+2'04" 4'# Cr!'#K+2%# "' +"'2$* "+2r%2* $" *2r# "' +"'2$* #!3*. L# 3r!"r# "+ 4'# %"'%# +*#, +"3#r#$# $" # M"$%'#, $" # T*%**0K# / $" # P+@4#2rK# L"0#"+, %*' 4'# 2%'%# $"r"'2" / 3#r2%4#r. E' +"'2$* #!3* # Cr!'#K+2%# "+ " %*'F4'2* $" 3r*%"$!"'2*+ #3%#>"+ # # '"+20#%&' / "+24$* !#2"r# $" %r!"' 3#r# 3r*""r # +4 3r4">#. P#r# "+2" #42*r, +" 2*!" "' +"'2$* #!3* * "' +"'2$* "+2r%2*, # Cr!'#K+2%# +" '2"0r# # # Cr!'**0K#.___ D" *+ 2"!#+ $" 0r#' '2"r+ %r!'#K+2%*, 3*$"!*+ !"'%*'#r M2*$*+ $" 2r#>#F*. Pr*2"%%&', %*'+"r#%&' / F#%&' $" 40#r $" *+ )"%)*+. L"#'2#!"'2* / "!>##F" $" !#2"r# +"'+>". M*$"* $" )4"#+. I'"+20#%&' $#%2*+%&3%# "' " 40#r $" *+ )"%)*+. I$"'2%#%&' F4$%#. C4"+2*'"+ %r!'#K+2%#+ / +4 3#'2"#!"'2* !"2*$*&0%*, r"#%*'"+ %*' )4"#+ $" 3+#$#+, +#'0r", +"!"', 3"*+, >r#+, )"%)*+ $" 2r'+2*, '"+20#%*'"+ $*%4!"'2#"+, '%"'$*, "3*+*'"+ / >#K+2%#. ;'"+, *r0#'6#%&' / "@43* $" L#>*r#2*r* $" Cr!'#K+2%#. L# Cr!'#K+2%# $">" $"r"'%#r+" $" # Cr!'**0K#, # %*'4+&' $"'*2# 0'*r#'%# $" @4"'"+ 4+#' '$+2'2#!"'2" #!>*+ 2r!'*+ * 4'* 3*r *2r*J )"!*+ *K$* '* +&* # *+ 3"r*$+2#+, +'* # # +* MORENO GONZ^LEZ, RA;AEL. Manual de "n!roducción a la Criminalís!ica# P*rr=#, M%*, 19((, 3. ::. 1:1 CECCALDI, ;IERRE. "M Criminalis!i&ue# Pr"++"+ U'"r+2#r"+ $" ;r#'%". P#rK+, ;r#'%#, 19:, 33. / (. LA SÍNTESIS CRIMINOLÓGICA (1
04'*+ #>*0#$*+ "@4*%#r+" # )#%" r""r"'%# '$+%r!'#$# $" Cr!'**0K# / Cr!'#K+2%#.
Cr!'#K+2%# "+ 4'# $+%3'# @4" r"='" #+ %"'%#+ / %*'*%!"'2*+ )4!#'*+ 3#r# $"+%4>rr " %&!*, %4'$*, $&'$", %*' - ! 3#r# @4 $" 4' %r!"', 3#r# $"'2%#r / $"+%4>rr # 3r"+4'2* %r!'#, #+K %*!* 3*$"r "3%#r / r"%*'+2r4r " %r!"'. L# Cr!'#K+2%# "+ $"'*!'#$# "' $"r"'2"+ *r!#+ +"0=' *+ 3#K+"+ #+K *+ "+3#*"+ # #!#r' P*%**0K#, *+ r#'%"+"+ )#>#r' $" P*%K# C"'2K%#, *+ 2##'*+ +" r""r"' # "# %*!* T%'%# $" # I'+2r42*rK# 4$%#, 3"r* "+ # $"'*!'#%&' @4" '*+*2r*+ 4+#!*+ # !+ #%"32#$# / $4'$$# "' 2*$* " !4'$*. Q+2&r%#!"'2", # Cr!'#K+2%# "+ )F# $" # M"$%'# ;*r"'+", / +4+ 3r!"r#+ %42#$*r"+ 4"r*' !$%*+, *+ @4", 3#r# r"+*"r %"r2*+ 3r*>"!#+ !$%**r"'+"+, 24"r*' @4" r"%4rrr # %*'*%!"'2*+ $"r+*+ # # M"$%'# # >#K+2%# . 0r.H, %r"#'$* 4'# "+2r4%24r# 2%'%# 3#r#"#, @4" r3$#!"'2" "+ #$#32#$# 3*r *+ 3r!"r*+ 3*%K#+ 2%'%*+.__ L# Cr!'#K+2%# "+ 4'# $+%3'# "+"'%# 3#r# 2*$*+ #@4"*+ @4" 2"'0#' '2"r"'%&' "' # 3r*>"!2%# %r!'#, 3r'%3#!"'2" "' # #$!'+2r#%&' $" # 4+2%# P"'#J " 4"6 P"'#, " M'+2"r* P=>%*, " A>*0#$* $""'+*r @4" %#r"%"' $" %*'*%!"'2*+ "' Cr!'#K+2%#, +*' *+#$*+ / %#r"'2"+ $" 2%# 3r*"+*'#. D">"!*+ r"%*r$#r @4" *+ 0r#'$"+ F4%*+ "' !#2"r# 3"'# +" r"+4""' 3*r * 0"'"r# 3*r !"$* $" # Cr!'#K+2%#, / '* %*' 0r#'$"+ $+"r2#%*'"+ F4rK$%#+J *+ !#/*r"+ #>*0#$*+ 3"'#+2#+ $" !4'$* )#' +$*, #'2" 2*$*, "%""'2"+ 2%'%*+ "' Cr!'#K+2%#. C*'+$"r#!*+, # 04# @4" '4"+2r* !#"+2r* DN. AL;ONSO ?UIROZ C4ARÓN, @4" # Cr!'#K+2%# "+ 3#r2" '2"0r#'2" $" # Cr!'**0K#,__ / '* 3*$K# +"r $" *2r# !#'"r#, 34"+ *+ %*'*%!"'2*+ 2%'%*+ +*>r" " %r!"' "'r@4"%"' / 3"r"%%*'#' # +K'2"++ %r!'*&0%#, 3"r!2"' 4'# !"F*r "3%#%&' $" # %*'$4%2# #'2+*%# / #>r"' 34"r2#+ "2r#*r$'#r#+ 3#r# # 3r""'%&'. III.9. LA VICTIMOLOGÍA E' 0"'"r#, # V%2!**0K# 34"$" $"'r+" %*!* " "+24$* %"'2K%* $" #+ K%2!#+. E' "+2" #+3"%2* #!3*, # V%2!**0K# '* +" 1:: E' "+2" +"'2$* "+ #3#+*'#'2" # "%24r# $" TQORALD, *r. B#r%"*'#, E+3##, 19. 1: ?UIROZ CUABÓN, AL;ONSO. Medicina Forense# E$2*r# P*rr=#. M%*, 19(, 3. 97. (: CRIMINOLOGÍA
#0*2# %*' " "+24$* $" +4F"2* 3#+* $" $"2*, +'* @4" #2"'$" # *2r#+ 3"r+*'#+ @4" +*' #"%2#$#+, / # *2r*+ %#!3*+ '* $"%2*+ %*!* 34"$" +"r " $" #%%$"'2"+. L# V%2!**0K# '#%& %*' 3r"2"'+*'"+ $" %"'%# '$"3"'$"'2", # 34>%#r " 3r*"+*r BENAMÍN MENDELSOQN +4+ 2r#>#F*+, "' 19(, 197 / 197.__ E !"'%*'#$* 2r#2#$+2# #2r#F* # #2"'%&' $" F4r+2#+ / %r!'&*0*+ +*>r" # K%2!#, "+ $"%r, # 3"r+*'# @4" +4r" 4' !# 3*r %43# #F"'# * 3r*3#. I'$4$#>"!"'2", # %"'%# @4" !+ +" )# "'r@4"%$* %*' # V%2!**0K# "+ # Cr!'**0K#, #r*+ #42*r"+ # %*'+$"r#' %*!* 4'# r#!# !3*r2#'2" $" # Cr!'**0K#, *3'&' @4", "' !4%)*, %*!3#r2!*+. O2r*+ #42*r"+ +" 3r'%3#r*' # *%43#r $" 3r*>"!# $" # K%2!# %*!* 2"!# 4'$#!"'2# $"'2r* $" # Cr!'**0K#, #+K "' 1978 #3#r"%" T)" Cr!'# #'$ )+ V%2! $" QANS VON QENTIG.I__
Q#/ @4"'"+ )#' '"0#$* # # V%2!**0K# '* +&* " %#r%2"r $" %"'%# '$"3"'$"'2" * @4" ""%2#!"'2" "+2 #K' # $+%4+&'H, +'* 2#!>' %4#@4"r 3*+>$#$ $" "+2"'%#, ' +@4"r# %*!* r#!# $" # Cr!'**0K#._\_ L# )+2*r# +" )# "'%#r0#$* $" $"!*+2r#r +4 "@4K*%*. L# V%2!**0K#, %*!* #'++ $" *+ @4" 3#$"%"' 3*r 4'# %*'$4%2# #'2+*%#, +" )# %"'2r#$* "' *+ "+24$*+ +*>r" *+ 23*+ $" K%2!#+, +4 3#r2%3#%&' "' " )"%)*, +4 !#/*r * !"'*r *4'2#r"$#$, +4 r"+3*'+#>$#$, # '"%"+$#$ $" %*!3"'+#%&', $" 2r#2#!"'2*, # r"#%&' %2!#r*K%2!#, +*%"$#$ / K%2!#+, "2%. E *$* '"3%#>" $" # K%2!# $" $"2* )# +$* !4/ '*2*r* / 3"rF4$%# "' " $"+#rr** $" #+ %"'%#+ 3"'#"+ / %r!'*&0%#+, 0"'"r#!"'2" +" )# 34"+2* #2"'%&' # %r!'#, # @4" +" "+24$#, %#+20#, 3r*2"0", r"0#!"'2#, %#+%#, "' 2#'2* @4" # # K%2!# +" " 0'*r# $" # *r!# !+ #>+*42#, 34"+ +*' *+ 0r#'$"+ %r!'#"+ *+ @4" 3#+#' # # )+2*r#J $" #+ K%2!#+ ' @4"' +" #%4"r$". S' "!>#r0*, " "'&!"'* %r!'# / # %r!'#$#$ $K%!"'2" 34"$" "3%#r+" +' " #'++ $" # K%2!#J " !+!* %r!'# "+ '%*!3r"'+>" "' # !#/*rK# $" *+ %#+*+ + '* "+ "' r"#%&' # +4 K%2!#. 1:7 Cr. MENDELSOQN, BENAMÍN. La $ic!imologie# R"4" ;r#'_#+" $" P+/%)*#'#/+". #'"rM"r, 1958, 33. 9 / ++. 1:5 QENTIG, QANS VON. LO 3r'%3# $" +4 2"*r# 34"$" "r+" "' " +"04'$* 2*!* $" +4 *>r# /l eli!o# E+3#+# C#3". M#$r$, E+3##, 19(:. 1: Cr. IMÉNEZ DE ASÚA, LUIS. La llamada $ic!imología# E+24$*+ $" D"r"%)* P"'# / Cr!'**0K#. O!">#. B4"'*+ A"+, Ar0"'2'#, 191, 33. 19 / ++. LA SÍNTESIS CRIMINOLÓGICA (
E' 4' +"'2$* #!3* +"!3r" )#/ K%2!# # %*!"2"r+" 4'# %*'$4%2# #'2+*%#, 3*r "+2* S"' )# )"%)* 4'# %#+%#%&' $" %2!6#%&' 3r!#r# '$$4#H, +"%4'$#r# 0r43*+ "+3"%K%*+H / 2"r%#r# # %*!4'$#$H. E *$* $" # K%2!# 34"$" $">"r+" # #r*+ !*2*+J @46 '*+ $"'2%#!*+ %*' " %r!'# / '* %*' # K%2!#, 34"+ " %r!'# "+ 4' +4F"2* @4" r"#6# %*'$4%2#+ @4" '*+*2r*+ $"+"#rK#!*+ "F"%42#r, 3"r* @4" '* '*+ #2r""!*+, %*' # K%2!# '#$" +" $"'2%#, '#$" $"+"# +"r r*>#$*, "+*'#$*, *#$*, 2*r24r#$*. ?46 # #2"'%&' # %r!'# "+ " 2"!*r @4" " 2"'"!*+, * %*'+$"r#!*+ $#*+*, 3"0r*+*, 'F4+2*, %r4". L# K%2!# 3*r " %*'2r#r* "+ ''*%4#, '*"'+#, 3#+# @4' 34"$" 2"!"r # 4'# K%2!# A $"+#rr*#r+" #+ '"+20#%*'"+ "' 2"rr"'* %2!*&0%* +" "0# # %*'%4+*'"+ +*r3r"'$"'2"+, 34"+ # K%2!# "+2 "F*+ $" "+2# $"# 3r!2#, / +" $"+%4>r" @4" # K%2!# "' !4224$ $" )"%)*+ 2*!# 3#r2" #%2#, '2"r"'", 3r**%#, '%2#, %#4+# # %*'$4%2# $" %2!#r*.__\_ M"'$"+*)' $"$4%" 23*+ $" K%2!#+, $"+$" #+ 2*2#!"'2" '*%"'2"+ )#+2# #+ $"'2#!"'2" %43#>"+, 3#+#'$* 3*r K%2!#+ 3r**%#$*r#+, !3r4$"'%#"+, *4'2#r#+, 0'*r#'2"+, #0r"+*r#+, +!4#$*r#+, !#0'#r#+. L# V%2!**0K# "'" # "'#r 4' )4"%* '*2#>" "' # Cr!'**0K# 2r#$%*'#, / 2"'" 4' 424r* 3r*!"2"$*r, 34"+ 3*%* # 3*%* # r">#+#'$* +4+ K!2"+ *r0'#"+ 3#r# %*'"r2r+" "' 4'# "r$#$"r# +K'2"++ $" #+3"%2*+ >*3+%*+*%#"+ $" "'&!"'* %2!#, #$"!+ $" #>rr 4' %#!3* '*2#>" " $" # 3r""'%&' %2!#, 34"+ '*
>#+2# >4+%#r @4" #+ 3"r+*'#+ '* %*!"2#' $"2*+, "+ '"%"+#r* 2#!>' "'+"#r # *+ !"!>r*+ $" # %*"%2$#$ # '* +"r K%2!#+, / # !3"$r "' "+2# *r!# # %*!+&' $" !4%)*+ %rK!"'"+. S*' 2"!#+ >+%*+ $" # V%2!**0K# C*'%"32* $" V%2!**0K#. R"#%*'"+ $" # V%2!**0K# %*' *2r#+ r#!#+ $" %*'*%!"'2*. C*'%"32* $" K%2!#. T3**0K# %2!#. L# r"#%&' %r!'#K%2!#. L# K%2!# / +4+ r"#%*'"+ %*' # +*%"$#$. V%2!6#%&' / %2!$#$. C*!3"'+#%&' # #+ K%2!#+. 1:V Cr. RODRÍGUEZ MANZANERA, LUIS. La $ic!imología# R"+2# 4rK$%# M"+++. S"04'$# 3*%#. Y*. I, 19(, 33. 15 / ++. ( 7 CRIMINOLOGÍA
S"04r* %2!#. Tr#2#!"'2* # # K%2!#. Pr""'%&' %2!#. E %r!'# %*!* %2!#. VK%2!#+ "' $"2"r!'#$*+ $"2*+ +"4#"+, %*'2r# # 3"r+*'#, 3#2r!*'#"+, "2%.H. S" )#' %"">r#$* /# $*+ S/!3*+# I'2"r'#%*'#"+ $" V%2!**0K# " 3r!"r* "' "r4+#"!, I+r#", "' 19(J " +"04'$* "' B*+2*', U.S.A., "' 19(J " 2"r%"r* 4" "' M4"'+2"r, A"!#'#, "' 19(9.___ E '2"r+ 3*r *+ %*'*%!"'2*+ %2!*&0%*+ "+ %#$# "6 !#/*r, / # 2"r#24r# %#$# $K# !+ #>4'$#'2",__ __aa _ "' N*r2"#!r%# )#' 3r'%3#$* # 4'$#r+" /# %"'2r*+ $" #4* # # K%2!#, "' #3&' "+2" 4' I'+2242* $" I'"+20#%*'"+ V%2!*&0%#+ / "' M%* E+2#$* $" M%*H )#/ 4'# L"/ +*>r" A4* # #+ VK%2!#+ $" D"2* : $" #0*+2* $" 199H. III. 1. LA ;ENOLOGÍA S" )# %*'+$"r#$* 0"'"r#!"'2" # # ;"'**0K# %*!* " "+24$* $" *+ $"r+*+ !"$*+ $" r"3r"+&' / 3r""'%&' $" #+ %*'$4%2#+ #'2+*%#"+ 3"'#+ / !"$$#+ $" +"04r$#$H, $" +4+ !2*$*+ $" #3%#%&' / $" # #%24#%&' 3*+23"'2"'%#r#. E' 4'# *r!# !+ !*$"r'#, '*+*2r*+ %*'+$"r#!*+ # ;"'**0K# %*!* " "+24$* $" # r"#%%&' +*%# %*'2r# 3"r+*'#+ * %*'$4%2#+ @4" +*' %#32#$#+ 3*r # %*"%2$#$ * 3*r 4'# 3#r2" $" "#H %*!* $#'#+, 3"0r*+#+ * #'2+*%#"+. M#'"F#'$* "+2" %*'%"32*, " !4'$* 3"'*&0%* +" '*+ #!3K# '*2#>"!"'2", /# @4" '* '*+ r"$4%!*+ # # r"#%%&' F4rK$%#, +'* @4" 3*$"!*+ "+24$#r # r"#%%&' +*%#, # r"#%%&' r"0*+#, # r"#%%&' !*r#, # r"#%%&' "2r#"0#, "+2# =2!# $" 0r#' '2"r+, 34"+ '$4$#>"!"'2" )#/ %#+*+ "' *+ @4" #+ #42*r$#$"+ r"#%%*'#' %#+20#'$*, 3"r+04"'$*, !#2r#2#'$*, 2*r24r#'$*, # !#r0"' $" #+ $+3*+%*'"+ "0#"+ / "' *r!# ++2"!2%# " '+224%*'#6#$#. 158 Cr. RODRÍGUEZ MANZANERA, LUIS. $ic!imologia, es!ado ac!ual# Criminalia# A* XL, N 7, M%*, 19(7, 33. :1 / ++. 1:9 Cr. ANÍYAR DE CASTRO, LOLA. La $ic!imologia# C"'2r* $" I'"+20#%*'"+ Cr!'*&0%#+. U'"r+$#$ $" Z4. M#r#%#>*, V"'"64"#, 199. 1 Cr. M*4RA BTTEN%*4RT, EDGARD. $í!imo# E$_#* U'"r+2#r# $" Dr"2*. S* P#4*, Br#+, S. ;. 181 DRAPINI, ISRAEL j VIANO, EMIUO. $ic!imology# L"'02*' B**]+. T*r*'2*, C#'#$, 19(5.
LA SÍNTESIS CRIMINOLÓGICA (5
E "+24$* $" # 3"'# %*!* "'&!"'* 2%2%* / '* %*!* 3r*>"!# F4rK$%* "+ " !"** $" # ;"'**0K#, # @4" $">" #'#6# # "%#%# $" #+ 3"'#+ / "' +4 %#+* $" #+ !"$$#+ $" +"04r$#$H / *+ r"+42#$*+ +*%#"+, "%*'&!%*+, 3*K2%*+, 3+%*&0%*+ / K+%*+ $" #!>#+. E+2" "+24$* $" # r"#$#$ $" # r"#%%&' # %r!"' / # # %r!'#$#$ 3"r!2" # # ;"'**0K# 3r*3*'"r # # ;*K2%# Cr!'*&0%# #+ *r!#+ !+ #$"%4#$#+ $" %*'2r* +*%#, $" #%4"r$* # # +24#%&', / !"$*+ !#2"r#"+ / )4!#'*+ %*' *+ @4" +" %4"'2". ;#r# CUELLO CALÓN L# ;"'**0K# '* "+ 4'# 3#r2" $" # Cr!'**0K#, +'* 4'# $+%3'# #42&'*!# @4" 3#r# # r"#6#%&' $" +4+ '"+ 2*!# "' %4"'2# *+ $#2*+ " '*r!"+ @4" # %"'%# %r!'*&0%# " 3r*3*r%*'#. ;"r* #!>#+ +*' $" !4/ $"r"'2" %*'2"'$*. L#k Cr!'**0K# $r0" +4+ '"+20#%*'"+ )#%# # "2**0K# $" $"2* # +4+ *r!#+ $" #3#r%&' %*!* "'&!"'* +*%# / '#24r#, !"'2r#+. @4" # ;"'**0K# 3"r+04" 4' *>F"2* !4/ $"r"'2" " "+24$* $" *+_ $"r+*+ !"$*+ $" r"3r"+&' / 3r""'%&' $" $"2* 3"'#+ / !"$$#+ $" +"04r$#$H, $" +4+ !2*$*+ $" #3%#%&' / $" # #%24#%&' 3*+23"'2"'%#r#\\ .___ O2r*+ #42*r"+ # %*'+$"r#' 2#!>' %*!* %"'%# #42&'*!# S""'0, C4%)", Q4r[26H, 3"r* '*+*2r*+ "+2#!*+ !+ $" #%4"r$*%*' #@4"*+ @4" # 2r#2#' %*!* 3#r2" $" # Cr!'**0K# S42)"r#'$, T#2, Q#/'"+, C##', ?4r*6 C4#r&', "2%.H, /# @4" '* "'2"'$"!*+ 4'# ;"'**0K# 34r# @4" 34$"r# 2"'"r %*'2"'$* * #3%#%&' +' >#+" %r!'*&0%# / +' '2"0r#%&' # # +K'2"++ 0"'"r#. Q#/ 2r#2#$+2#+ @4" "'2"'$"' # ;"'**0K# %*!* 4'# Cr!'**0K# #3%#$#. E+2# =2!# *3'&' '* # %*!3#r2!*+, 34"+ 34"$" +"r 4'# %*'4+&' "'2r" Cr!'**0K# CK'%# / ;"'**0K#, 34"+ # ;"'**0K# # !+ # $" +"r 4'# +!3" 2"*rK# $" 2r#2#!"'2*, /# @4" 2"'" 4'# #!3# #3%#%&' # '" 3r""'2*, # "+24$#r @4*r!#+ $" %*'2r* +*' !+ "%#%"+ 3#r# !3"$r @4" *+ '$$4*+ "04"' # %*!"2"r # %*'$4%2# '$"+"#>". N* #2# @4"', +!3"!"'2" '"04" @4" # ;"'**0K# "+2", #+K,. IMÉNEZ DE ASÚA )# r#6*'#$* L# ;"'**0K# '* 34"$" "+2#r +24#$# co# Gr+30'J * @4" r"+3"%2# # # 3"'# %*!* %*'+"%4"'%# $" 1: CG/LL CALÓN, EUGENIO. La Moderna Fenología# B*+%). B#r%"*'#, E+3##, 1958,. 3. 8.
( CIMINOLOGÍA
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