LAPORAN RESMI PRAKTIKUM TERMODINAMIKA Tekanan Uap Suatu Zat Cair
Disusun oleh : 1. 2. 3. 4. &. 6.
Darwan Achmad Rizal arahi!a Riz"ina.A.# i"r! Ali%andr! irda #hoirunnisa 'asnawa(i )c(a*ianin+rum ,u(%i A%i%ah #elom-o" : 2
NIM: 1731410016 NIM: 173141007$ NIM: 173141013$ NIM: 17314100$$ NIM: 1731410107 NIM: 1731410062
D)/N /MIMIN ucu" /*i ,usiani .5. M.5
JURUSAN TEKNIK KIMIA POLITEKNIK NEGERI MALANG 201
1! Tu"uan Per#$%aan 5uuan dari -ercoan ini adalah: 1. Mem-ra"(e""an Dis(ilasi ham-a udara 2. Men+u"ur (e"anan ua- sua(u za( cair 2! Ske&a Ker"a "ema "era un(u" -ercoaan ini adalah sea+ai eri"u(: A. ersia-an
START
Men+alir"an air -endin+in "ondensor -ada lemari asam Memasu""an ahan 8 e(anol 9 enzene "e dalam lau alas undar sean!a" 2&0 ml Menu(u- lau alas undar den+an (ermome(er dan men+u"ur suhu awal 8suhu ruan+ END . en+o-erasian Memu"a *al*e -en+a(ur *a"um
Men!ala"an -om-a *a"um sam-ai "ondisi *a"um (er"ecil !an+ isa di-eroleh. #emudian menu(u- *al*e dan mema(i"an -om-a *a"um
Menca(a( "e(in
ian ra"sa ada manome(er
Men!ala"an -emanas hea(er Menca(a( suhu "ons(an "e(i"a ahan mendidih
Memu"a secara -erlahan *al*e -en+a(ur *a"um lalu (u(u"emali iar"an (e"anan menadi "ons(an Menca(a( eda "e(in++ian ra"sa !an+ aru -ada manome(er
Men+ulan+i lan+"ah ?<10 sam-ai "e(in++ian ra"sa -ada manome(er sama Memandin+"an suhu hasil -ercoaan den+an suhu sesuai . 5aha- A"hir Mema(i"an -emanas oiler
Memu"a -lu+ (ermome(er -ada lau alas undar Memindah"an laru(an "e wadah lain dan memersih"an mea "era
'!
(a)i* Per#$%aan a! +en,ena ,in+"un+an ; 7413 mm'+ asolu( ; ,in+"un+an < =hManome(er 8 mm'+
No 1 2 3 4 & 6 7 $ ? 10 11 12 13 14 1& 16 17 1$ 1?
=' manome(er 8"a 323 312 30 2$& 24? 24? 237 22 20? 1?? 1$2 173 1&6 1& 121 103 ?4 $ 62
as 8"a
5e>- 8o
?4&&2237 ?46?$$?2 ?4$&$$7? ?&0&$$62 ?&&3$$23 ?&&3$$23 ?&6?$$1 ?&?2&4&$ ?6072112 ?620&43& ?64320$3 ?6&&2073 ?677$721 ?6$&$714 ?724&34? ?74$&33 ?760&32 ?77?1?71 ?$031?&1
&6 &7 &$ &? &?& 61 61 62 62 62 64 64 6& 6& 64 6& 6& 6& 66
5calc 8o 77$&76 77?07 77?612 7$02$7 7$1?01 7$1?01 7$243$ 7$31?7 7$36$7 7$4133 7$4$$? 7$&2$? 7$6042 7$630$ 7$7&?0 7$$3$4 7$$7$0 7$?3?6 7?01$6
85e>-<5calc2 4777&60&72 437112462? 3?$4&263$$ 3620?26672 34?322431 2?&&01?22? 2?73&00222 266334346$ 267?37&662 26?3?7&403 20??2?2032 2110$$?&&& 1$&076637$ 1$&$003$&3 217$2?$641 1?1&02176& 1?2600&22$ 167433?3&4 16?4$&234&
20 21 22 23 24 2&
&7 4$ 32 2 0& 0
195/@ 8 19# 0017$&714 0017&43$6 00172413$ 0016?4?1& 0016$0672 00163?344 00163?344 001612?03 001612?03 001612?03 001&62& 001&62& 001&3$462 001&3$462 001&62& 001&3$462 001&3$462 001&3$462 001&1&1&2 001&1&1&2 001&037&? 0014?2&37 001470&$$ 0014&?$&4 0014&?$&4
?$0?$613 ?$21$603 ?$431?1? ?$&?1?0& ?$7?1$$? ?$$&$&&
,n as 8"a 4&4?1&246 4&&07023 4&&23?03 4&&44?63 4&&?&326? 4&&?&326? 4&6120&$6 4&63&7141 4&6&0??0$ 4&664$&$& 4&6$$3$?6 4&700$24$ 4&724271& 4&732&336 4&7723716 4&7?701? 4&$0?32 4&$2$424$ 4&$&2?346 4&$&?7322 4&$71?&64 4&$?36&13 4&?0?$?16 4&?301&&1 4&?36?004
Per-itun.an/
5A, ;
B −C A − LnP 1.
66 66& 67 6$ 6$& 6$&
; ?4&&22 "a B −C 5A, ; A − LnP
7?040& 7?0$07 7?1&00 7?2024 7?267$ 7?2$?6
1&726&?$0& 14&?26&676 124322$?$2 114&423?32 11&?474?67 11641726??
195 calc 0012$43?6 0012$3&7$ 0012$26$$ 0012$1&7? 00127$?33 00127$?33 00127$0&6 001276$17 00127601$ 00127&2?3 00127406& 001273417 0012721?& 00127176& 00126?6?& 00126$417 0012677$ 0012667?1 00126&&24 00126&173 001264&42 001263424 001262&$7 001261&4& 0012611?$
; 2.
2773,78 + 53,08 ; 77?072 13,8594 − 4,5507
2773,78 13,8594 − 4,5524
2773,78 13,8594 − 4,5545
2773,78 13,8594 − 4,5595
5A, ; 12.
℃
+
53,08
; 7$1?02
℃
2773,78
53,08
; 7$1?46
℃
53,08
; 7$243$
℃
2773,78 + 53,08 ; 7$31?7 13,8594 − 4,5635
℃
13,8594 − 4,5597
+
2773,78 13,8594 − 4 , 5612
+
2773,78 + 53,08 ; 7$36$$ 13,8594 − 4,5651
℃
; ?620&4 "a
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; 7$02$7
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53,08
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+
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; 77?613
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53,08
+
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2773,78 + 53,08 ; 77$&76 13,8594 − 4,54915
2773,78 + 53,08 ; 7$4133 ℃ 13,8594 − 4,5665
; ?64320 "a 2773,78 + 53,08 ; 7$4$$? 13,8594 − 4,5688 ; ?6&&20 "a
℃
2773,78 + 53,08 ; 7$&2$? 13,8594 − 4,5701
5A, ; 13.
; ?677$7 "a 2773,78 + 53,08 ; 7$6043 13,8594 − 4,5724
5A, ; 14.
2773,78 13,8594 − 4,5732
2773,78 13,8594 − 4,5772
℃
2773,78 + 53,08 ; 7$$3$4 13,8594 − 4,5797
℃
2773,78 + 53,08 ; 7$$7$1 13,8594 − 4,5809
℃
2773,78
; 7$?3?6
℃
2773,78 + 53,08 ; 7?01$6 13,8594 − 4,5852
℃
13,8594 − 4,5828
+
53,08
2773,78 + 53,08 ; 7?040& 13,8594 − 4,5859
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2773,78 + 53,08 ; 7?0$01 13,8594 − 4,5872
℃
; ?$431? "a
5A, ; 23.
; 7$7&?1
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+
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5A, ; 20.
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; 7$6301
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53,08
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+
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+
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5A, ;
2773,78 13,8594 − 4,5901
24.
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5A, ; 2&.
2773,78 + 53,08 ; 7?267$ 13,8594 − 4,5930
℃
; ?$$&$& "a
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2773,78 + 53,08 ; 7?2$?6 13,8594 − 4,5937
℃
RMD enzena
√
n
∑ (Texp −Tcalc)
2
i
n
;
√
5810,01 25
;
√ 232,4004 ; 1&244
ra%i" enzena
%! Etan$* ,in+"un+an ; 7413 mm'+ asolu( ; ,in+"un+an <
No 1 2 3 4 & 6 7 $ ? 10
=' manome(er 8"a 333 322 314 2?4 26$ 241 22$ 21$ 20$ 16?
=hManome(er 8 mm'+
as 8"a
5e>- 8o
5calc 8o
85e>-<5calc2
?441$?1& ?4&6&&6? ?4672227 ?4?3$$72 ?&2$&&1 ?&64&4$1 ?&$1$$ ?&?&2122 ?60$&44& ?660&402
&0 &2 &3 &4 && &6 &7 &$ &$& &?
76&243 76&630 76&?12 76661& 767&27 76$470 76$?24 76?272 76?620 770?72
703&3$23&$ 6033444?6& &&6&46672$ &13&4&$37? 4731$01&3 43460043&3 3?&707711 3&$23??071 340$4&7?47 327&11&0&
11 12 13 14 1& 16 17 1$ 1?
1&2 131 10$ $7 61 2& 1& 1 0
?6$320& ?7112027 ?741$66$ ?76?$64& ?$04&2$4 ?$&2&244 ?$6&$&67 ?$72&22$ ?$$&$&&
60 61 62 63 64 64& 6& 66 67
771&60 7722$& 773076 7737?7 7746$7 77&?1& 7762&& 77642& 77676&
195/@
ln - as
195 A,
0,02
4,547741
0,013067745
0,019231
4,549293
0,013061127
0,018868
4,550421
0,013056323
0,018519
4,553233
0,013044349
0,018182
4,556878
0,013028857
0,017857
4,560648
0,013012857
0,017544
4,562459
0,013005186
0,017241
4,563849
0,012999299
0,017094
4,565238
0,012993424
0,016949
4,570635
0,012970626
0,016667
4,572978
0,012960746
0,016393
4,575865
0,012948588
0,016129
4,579018
0,012935332
0,015873
4,581888
0,012923283
0,015625
4,585429
0,012908435
0,015504
4,590313
0,012888005
0,015385
4,591665
0,012882356
0,015152
4,592341
0,012879536
0,014925
4,59369
0,012873904
Per-itun.an/
5A, ;
B −C A − LnP 1.
; ?441$? "a B −C 5A, ; A − LnP ; 2.
3974,49 + 46,7 ; 76&243 16,6758 − 4,5477
; ?4&6&& "a
℃
2?43301342 263364101$ 234323$&6$ 2067763727 1$1406&4$3 1713$$11$1 1&?404&63& 13&&4$?&61 113?$7?$14
?.
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5A,
;
10.
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;
11.
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;
12.
14.
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5A,
;
1&.
; ?$04&3 "a
5A,
;
16.
5A, 3. 5A, 4. 5A, &. 5A, 6. 5A, 7. 5A, $. 5A,
5A, 13. 5A,
;
3974,49 1 6,6758− 4,5652 3974,49 1 6,6758− 4,5706 3974,49 1 6,6758− 4,5730
3974,49
+
46,7
; 76?62
+
46,7
; 770?72
℃
46,7
; 771&61
℃
+
℃
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℃
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;
5A,
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3974,49 1 6,6758− 4,5917
+
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1?.
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5A,
;
5A,
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+
46,7
; 776766
℃
℃
RMD /(anol
√
n
∑ (Texp−Tcalc)
2
i
;
n
ra%i" /(anol
ra%i" /(anol dan enzena
√
6544,314 19
;
√ 344,43 ; 1$&&$
!
Pe&%a-a)an
a( cair !an+ dile(a""an di dalam ruan+ ham-a a"an men+ua- sea+ian den+an men++una"an -anas "alori dari se"i(arn!a. #ondisi ini erlan+sun+ (erus hin++a (erca-ai (i(i" enuh ua- dimana (eradi "eadaan se(iman+ an(ara ua- dan za( cairn!a. 5e"anan dari ua- !an+ erada dalam "ese(iman+an i(u diseu( den+an (e"anan ua- 8 enuh . 5e"anan ua- enuh 8 a+i za( murni mem-un!ai har+a !an+ (e(a- -ada (em-era(ur (er(en(u. #edua %ase !an+ erada dalam "ese(iman+an (erseu( mem-un!ai ener+i is !an+ sama a(au da-a( din!a(a"an se-er(i -ersamaan 81 den+an B dan C menunu""an iden(i(as masin+
well la-e!ron men!a(a"an -eruahan !an+ (eradi dalam en(u" -ersamaan 83 !an+ da-a( di+una"an un(u" menen(u"an en(al-i -en+ua-an sulimasi -eleuran mau-un (ransisi an(ar %ase. 8 oshee( 201$ . dP ; dT
∆S T ∆ V
en+ua-an cairan (eradi "arena mole"ul E mole"ul cairan di -ermu"aan cairan menin++al"an cairan. Mole"ul
#enai"an (e"anan ua- lama( -ada (em-era(ur rendah dan san+a( ce-a( -ada (em-era(ur (in++i. 'al ini da-a( diliha( dalam +ra%i" an(ara (em-era(ur dan (e"anan ua- un(u" era+ai cairan. ada (em-era(ur auh dari (em-era(ur "ri(is F1 GGG F? dan ila uadian++a- ideal ma"a : d P ∆ Hy ∆ H v . P = = 2 d T TVg R T Ini erar(i ahwa +ra%i" lo+ (erhada- 195 linier den+an 8 ( + B ;
dan (i(i" -o(on+ (erhada- sumu lo+ ; slo-e ;
∆ Hv
2,303 R
−∆ Hv 2,303 R
='* ; 8slo-e 8<2303 R "al9mole
da-a( dihi(un+ den+an memasu""an har+a =' hi(un+an "emudian men+amil 1 (i(i" dalam +ra%i" un(u" menen(u"an har+a lo+ dan 195 !an+ harus diamil. e(elah di-eroleh har+a ini ersama den+an =' * da-a( di-a"ai un(u" men+hi(un+ -ada se(ia- suhu. Dalam hal ini "arena =' * dan R mem-un!ai sa(uan sama ma"a sa(uan dari (ida" (er+an(un+ dari sa(uan =' * a(au R. ila ='* (e(a- -ersamaan dia(as se+era da-a( di-a"ai. Nila ='* meru-a"an %un+si (em-era(ur leih dahulu dicari huun+an an(ara =' * dan 5 aru -ersamaan d ln P ∆ H v = 2 d T R T
diin(e+rasi"an ila da(a ini (ida" ada da-a( dicari dari
-ersamaan log P = A −
B H lo+ 5 H D 5 H ... A
en+ua-an cairan u+a da-a( di(en(u"an secara "alorime(ris. ai(u den+an men+emun"an seumlah (er(en(u ua- dan men+u"ur "enai"an (em-era(ur "alorime(er a(au memeri"an (ena+a lis(ri" "e-ada cairan dan men+u"ur era( ua!an+ (eradi Jmumn!a =' * (urun den+an nai"n!a (em-era(ur "ecuali asam ase(a( ='* mula
Dalam -ra"(i"um (e"anan ua- dalam sua(u za( cair !an+ dila"u"an -er(ama "ali ialah men+alir"an air -endin+in "ondensor lalu memasu""an ahan !ai(u enzena !an+ -er(ama dan !an+ "edua /(anol "e dalam Round Bottom Flask 8 R . elanu(n!a (u(u- R den+an plug !an+ dilen+"a-i den+an (hermome(er dan u"a valve -en+a(ur *a"um. e(elah diu"a n!ala"an -om-a *a"um sam-ai "ondisi *a"um (er"ecil !an+ di-eroleh "emudian (u(u- *al*e dan ma(i"an -om-a *a"um. elanu(n!a dica(a( eda "e(in++ian ra"sa -ada manome(er un(u" mecari (e"anan asolu(. e(elah dica(a( (in++i ra"sa (erseu( din!ala"an -emanas oiler lalu dica(a( suhu "ons(an "e(i"a ahan mendidih lalu u"a secara -erlahan valve -en+a(ur *a"um lalu (u(u- "emali dan iar"an (e"anan menadi "ons(an. eda "e(in++ian ra"sa !an+ aru -ada manome(er dica(a( "emali den+an ren(an+ 0& cm lalu diandin+"an suhu hasil -ercoaan den+an suhu sesuai -ersamaan An(oine -ada (e"anan -ercoaan as dan da-a( dihi(un+ -ula RMD n!a. ada -ercoaan !an+ (elah dila"u"an dida-a("an sema"in esar *ariael suhu ma"a (e"anan didalam lau a"an sema"in esar di+una"ann!a -ersamaan An(oine un(u" memandin+"an da(a dari -ercoaan "arena -ersamaan An(oine leih mudah dan sederhana.
!Ke)i&pu*an
1. 2.
5e"anan ua- za( cair e(anol -ada suhu &00 adalah?441$?& "a edan+"an -ada za( cair enzena memili"i (e"anan ua- -ada suhu
&60 seesar ?4&&2237 !Da3tar Pu)taka 1. ro%i!an(i d"". 2013. Modul Aar ra"("um 5ermodinami"a 5e"ni" #imia. Malan+. oli(e"ni" Ne+eri Malan+ 2. u"ardo.2002.#imia isi"a.a"ar(a.5 RIN/#A I5A
