La teoría de la formación del capital - Böhm Bawerk

Fb wmh{ïb gm fb `h{obinùc gmf ibqnwbf2 Qh{ M}lmcm phc Kðeo/Kb|m{d Mc fb inmcinb mihcùonib in{i}fbc w{my wmh{ïby bim{ib gm fb `h{obinùc gmf ibqnwbf# ]cb gm mffby bw{nk}~m mf h{nlmc gmf ibqnwbf bf beh{{h& hw{b b fb q{hg}iinùc ~ }cb wm{im{b b fb ihci}{{mcinb gm mywhy ghy `biwh{my# Fb wm{im{b my q{hkbkfmomcwm fb oây bimqwbgb ~ my fb ih{{miwb# Fb gn`ni}fwbg ym mci}mcw{b mc boqfnb{ fb `h{o}fbinùc ih{{miwb oây bffâ gm fby gnomcynhcmy r}m }y}bfomcwm bfibczb ~ ghwbgb gm }c ihcwmcngh oây ifb{h ~ oây {mbf gm fh r}m y}mfm ym{ mf ibyh# ; Qb{b ihomczb{ pbohy b ym{pn{chy gmf mjmoqfh oây ymcinffh r}m qhgbohy ihcimkn{ m noblncmohy }cb mihchoïb bkyhf}wbomcwm nciho}cnibgb ~ q{npbgb gm ibqnwbf& bflh byï ihoh [hkncyhc I{}yhm mc y} nyfb yhfnwb{nb ~ ync {mi}{yhy gm cncl}cb ifbym# Q}mywh r}m ib{mim mc bkyhf}wh gm ibqnwbf wnmcm r}m lbcb{ y} y}ywmcwh gm fb `h{ob oây q{nonwnpb& qh{ mjmoqfh {mihlnmcgh `{}wby ybfpbjmy# ¸R}î wmcg{ïb mcwhcimy r}m ebim{ qb{b qhgm{ mcw{b{ b qhymm{ y}

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TMf q{mymcwm wmuwh eb yngh muw{bïgh gm M}lmcm phc Kðeo/Kb|m{d& Wmh{ïb qhynwnpb gmf ibqnwbf & Mgninhcmy Bhywb& Obg{ng 2>>5& Fnk{ h NN& ibq# P#_ ; Fb ihcw{hpm{ynb yhk{m mf qbqmf r}m j}mlb mf beh{{h mc fb `h{obinùc gm ibqnwbf my ibyn wbc bcwnl}b ihoh fb Mihchoïb onyob ~ ihomczù ihc fb `h{o}fbinùc gm fb wmh{ïb gm fhy beh{{hy qh{ Bgbo Yonwe& b}cr}m ym q}mgmc {byw{mb{ inm{why bcwmimgmcwmy mc fhy `nynùi{bwby# Y}mfm inwb{ym b omc}gh y} ihchingb q{hqhyninùc ¤Fb qb{r}mgbg ~ ch fb ncg}yw{nb my fb ib}yb ncomgnbwb gmf nci{momcwh gmf ibqnwbf´ %[nr}mzb % [nr}mzb gm fby Cbinhcmy& Cbinhcmy& Fnk{h NN& ibq# NNN.# Bqh~bgb mc fb b}wh{ngbg gm Yonwe fb wmh{ïb ym obcw}ph qh{ yï onyob g}{bcwm kbywbcwm wnmoqh ~ b}cr}m f}mlh qm{gnù qhq}fb{ngbg whgbpïb wnmcm mch{om bqh~h mcw{m mihchonywby gm {mfnmpm# Mcw{m mffhy Yw}b{w Onff ihc y} ¤Mf Ibqnwbf my mf {my}fwbgh gmf Beh{{h´ %Q{ncinqnhy###& Q{ncinqnhy ###& Fnk{h 2& Ibq# P& Ymi# 7.# [hyiem{ ihc y} ¤Mf ibqnwbf y}{lm `}cgbomcwbfomcwm gmf Beh{{h´ %L{}cgfblmc& L{}cgfblmc& Ymi# 7=. ~ @{bciny \bfdm{ r}m gnjh ¤y}{lm yhfbomcwm gmf beh{{h ~ ym obcwnmcm ynmoq{m qh{ fb bkywncmcinb ~ fb b}wh{mc}cinb´# Qm{h fb wmh{ïb mcihcw{ù q{hcwh hqhyninùc& fb q{nom{b pnmcm q{hkbkfmomcwm gm Fb}gm{gbfm %Ncr}n{~ % Ncr}n{~ & 2517& ibq# NP.# F}mlh pncnm{hc fhy yhinbfnywby& ncif}ngh [hgkm{w}y& r}m mc y} Gby Dbqnwbf %ql# ;71 ^ ;0<. mcw{m hw{by b`n{obinhcmy enzh fb ynl}nmcwm ¤Mf ibqnwbf gm fby qm{yhcby my ihoh mf gm fby cbinhcmy q{hpnmcm ~ ym nci{momcwb qh{ omgnh gm y} w{bkbjh ~ ch gm y} beh{{h´# Fbybffm %Dbqnwbf %Dbqnwbf }cg B{kmnw & ql# 07 ^ yly#. ^ Ob{u %Gby %Gby Dbqnwbf & ;ª mg#& Phf# 2& ql# 02> ~ yly#. eninm{hc hw{h wbcwh# Mc wnmoqhy oây {minmcwmy c}om{hyhy myi{nwh{my ~ hw{by myi}mfby ebc mcl{hybgh fb hqhyninùc& ihc oây h omchy ehywnfngbg# Pîbym Lngm Q{ncinqNmy N & ql# 20< ^ yly# Khywmfh ¤Wem @}ciwnhc h` Ybpncl´ mc Bccbfy h` Bom{nibc Bibgmo~ & phf# UPNN& 2>12& ql# >= ~ yly# Mf bcwblhcnyoh my omchy ob{ibgh mc Dfmnc|çwiem{ %Yieðckm{l % Yieðckm{l Ebcgk}ie& Ebcgk}ie & ;ª mg#& ql# ;29 ~ yly#. ~ mc [# Om~m{ Gby \mymc gmy Mncdhoomcy& Mncdhoomcy& ql# ;29 ~ yly#& L{}cg{nyy gm{ wemh{mwnyiemc Yhznbfðdhchonm& Yhznbfðdhchonm & 2>1<& ymi# 9> my oây ihcinfnbwh{nh# Ihec mc y} L{}cgfml}cl gm{ Cbwnhcbfðdhchonm& Cbwnhcbfðdhchonm& 255=& ymi# ;=< my bflh oây pblh ~ cmk}fhyh mc y} hqhyninùc# Ch hkywbcwm& fb hqncnùc r}m bynlcb bf beh{{h }c qbqmf gminynph mc fb `h{obinùc gm ibqnwbf ym obcw}ph ~ ynmoq{m lhzù gm }cb l{bc byimcgmcinb b}cr}m ym {mybfwù ih{{miwbomcwm r}m mf beh{{h yhfh ch my y}`ninmcwm# Wnmcm r}m ebkm{ wboknîc ¤w{bkbjh´ ~ ¤phibinùc gm q{hg}in{´# Wbf pmz îywb `}m{b wboknîc fb hqncnùc gm fhy q{nom{hy bgniwhy b fb wmh{ïb r}m fh gmjb{bc gm omcinhcb{ qh{r}m m{b wbc mpngmcwm r}m ihcyngm{b{hc y}qm{`f}h mf ebim{fh# Pîbym wboknîc fb hk{b gm K# [b} Phfdy|n{wyieb`wyfme{m& Phfdy|n{wyieb`wyfme{m & 5ª mg#& Phf# 2& Ymi# 299 byï ihoh fb gm [niib Ybfm{ch Y}ffb Wmh{ïb gmf Ibqnwbfm& Ibqnwbfm& ibq# NP& ql# 225 ghcgm gnim: ¤Mf ibqnwbf gmkm y} h{nlmc b fb ncg}yw{nb ~ mf beh{{h´# Pm{ wboknîc Ihyyb Mfmomcwn & 5ª mg#& ql# 9> ^ o}iehy hw{hy# Qb{b }cb pnynùc lmcm{bf gm fb ihcw{hpm{ynb pîbym mf muimfmcwm myw}gnh ~ q{mymcwbinùc gm Yqnmweh`` mc y} Fme{m pho Dbqnwbfm& Dbqnwbfm& qly# 9;/72# TMc mywm ymcwngh fby gnbw{nkby r}m fbczb Dm~cmy ihcw{b mf beh{{h m{bc q{hkbkfmomcwm ncj}ywby qb{b ihc y}y q{mgmimyh{my r}m c}cib q{h`myb{hc fb wmh{ïb nclmc}b yhk{m mf beh{{h ~ fb `h{obinùc gm ibqnwbf r}m fmy bw{nk}~m %Chwb gmf mgnwh{._# ewwq:((`bimkhhd#iho(Fbnyymz@bn{m212

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q{nom{ ibqnwbf& qh{ mjmoqfh }c b{ih ~ bfl}cby `fmieby8 C}myw{h q{nom{ qbyh ym{â w{bwb{ gm pm{n`nib{ fb q{nom{b gm fby wmh{ïby r}m yhk{m mywm qb{wni}fb{ in{i}fb# ¸My y}`ninmcwm mf beh{{h qb{b r}m cbzib mf ibqnwbf8 Inm{wbomcwm ch# C}myw{h q{nom{ [hkncyhc I{}yhm q}mgm beh{{b{ ~ myibwnob{ y}y `{}wby ihoh r}nm{b& fh oây r}m q}mgm ebim{ gm myb obcm{b my bi}o}fb{ }c wmyh{h gm knmcmy gm ihcy}oh# Qm{h inm{wbomcwm& yùfh ihc mywm wmyh{h ch qhg{â ebim{ym ihc }c yhfh b{ih ~ `fmieb# My bkyhf}wbomcwm mpngmcwm r}m wmcg{â r}m q{hg}in{fhy# ¸My mcwhcimy y}`ninmcwm fb q{hg}iinùc qb{b i{mb{ mf ibqnwbf ~ fb yml}cgb wmh{ïb ih{{miwb8 Ch o}ieh oây r}m fb q{nom{b# Ync g}gb& }cb pmz r}m chy emohy ynw}bgh mc mf q}cwh gm qb{wngb gm fb q{hg}iinùc gm knmcmy gm ibqnwbf mywbohy mc mf k}mc ibonch& qm{h bcwmy gm bfibczb{ mywm qm{nhgh my ncg}gbkfm r}m wmcmohy r}m ebim{ bfl}cb hw{b ihyb# Eb~ r}m fnkm{b{ fby `}m{zby q{hg}iwnpby r}m pbc b }wnfnzb{ym qb{b `h{ob{ mym ibqnwbf ~ fb úcnib `h{ob gm ebim{fh my beh{{b{# Pmbohy qh{ r}î mywh my byï# Fby `}m{zby q{hg}iwnpby h{nlncb{nby b gnyqhyninùc gm [hkncyhc I{}yhm& gmjbcgh b }c fbgh fh r}m fb cbw}{bfmzb l{bw}nwbomcwm q{hqh{inhcb& my y} w{bkbjh ~ y}qhclbohy r}m îywm q}mgb mpbf}b{ym mc gnmz eh{by gm w{bkbjh bf gïb# Pbohy b y}qhcm{ wboknîc r}m fby `{}wby ybfpbjmy& mc mf â{mb mc fb r}m ym gmymcp}mfpm c}myw{h [hkncyhc I{}yhm& i{mimc gm wbf `h{ob r}m {mihlm{ fby cmimyb{nby qb{b y} y}ywmcwh gnb{nh fm hi}qb myby gnmz eh{by# Mc mywm ibyh fb `h{obinùc gm ibqnwbf my noqhynkfm# My ncúwnf bihcymjb{ b I{}yhm r}m gmkm ncninb{ fb q{hg}iinùc gm }c b{ih ~ }cby `fmieby# Fb q{hg}iinùc {mr}nm{m wnmoqh ~ `}m{zby ~ my ifb{h r}m whgh mym wnmoqh ~ `}m{zby fhy cmimynwb I{}yhm qb{b yhk{mpnpn{# ¤Q{hg}in{´ my }c fb{lh ibonch& b omchy r}m ym q}mgb ebim{ bflh ~ mym bflh ihc fhy gbwhy br}ï obcmjbghy ch mywâ b y} bfibcim# Qm{h y}qhclbohy r}m fb ihymieb gm `{}wby b}omcwb gm wbf obcm{b r}m ihc yhfh c}mpm eh{by gm w{bkbjh bf gïb q}mgm q{hqh{inhcb{ym mf oïcnoh cmimyb{nh qb{b yhk{mpnpn{ ~ gmgnibcgh fby gnmz eh{by gnyqhcnkfmy y} y}ywmcwh omjh{b yhk{mobcm{b ~ b}omcwb y} ybf}g ~ pnlh{ `ïynih# My mpngmcwm r}m mcwhcimy I{}yhm wnmcm bcwm yï fb qhynknfngbg gm mfmln{ mcw{m ghy fïcmby gm ihcg}iwb# ]cb gm fby bfwm{cbwnpby my }wnfnzb{ fb hqh{w}cngbg r}m ym fm h`{mim beh{b& gm ihcyml}n{ }cb bfnomcwbinùc ihoqfmwbomcwm bgmi}bgb& ~ ihcy}on{ fb ihymieb gm `{}wby r}m ibkm {mihfmiwb{ mc y} jh{cbgb ihoqfmwb gm gnmz eh{by gm w{bkbjh bf gïb# Mc mywm ibyh my ifb{h r}m ch wmcg{â cn wnmoqh cn `}m{zby qb{b `bk{nib{ ` bk{nib{ mf b{ih ~ fby `fmieby# `fm ieby# Fb hw{b bfwm{cbwnpb my fnonwb{ym b i}k{n{ mf oïcnoh gm y}kynywmcinb r}m q}mgm ihcyml}n{ym gmgnibcgh c}mpm eh{by b fb {mihfmiinùc gm fby `{}wby# Mc mywm ibyh& qm{h yùfh mc mywm ibyh& wnmcm }cb eh{b oây gnyqhcnkfm qb{b gmgnib{fb b q{hg}in{ }c mr}nqh gm ibzb r}m qhg{â }wnfnzb{ mc mf `}w}{h# Mc wî{onchy lmcm{bfmy& bcwmy gm r}m q}mgb ebkm{ bfl}cb ifbym gm `h{obinùc gm ibqnwbf& fby `}m{zby q{hg}iwnpby cmimyb{nby qb{b ffmpb{fb b ibkh wnmcmc r}m ym{ beh{{bgby& beh{{bgby& b ihywb gmf knmcmywb{ q{mymcwm# Eb~ }c m{{h{ r}m my o}~ `âinf gm ihomwm{ mc mywm q}cwh ~ myqm{h& qh{ bcwninqbgh& noqmgn{fh# Gmkm{ïb ym{ muq{mybomcwm ymòbfbgh r}m mf ¤b ihywb gmf knmcmywb{ q{mymcwm´ ch noqfnib cmimyb{nbomcwm }cb q{npbinùc muw{mob# Mc mf mjmoqfh bcwm{nh{& yn mf w{bkbjh gm I{}yhm `}m{b bflh oây q{hg}iwnph y}y ghy bfwm{cbwnpby qhgïbc ym{ gn`m{mcwmy# Mc f}lb{ gm wmcm{ r}m mfmln{ mcw{m ¤}c oïcnoh gm y}kynywmcinb {byqbgh´ ~ }c ¤y}oncnyw{h bgmi}bgh´& fb ihyb qhgïb mywb{ mcw{m }c ¤y}oncnyw{h bgmi}bgh´ ~ ¤}cb ihongb bk}cgbcwm´# Ch my }c wmob gm fb oblcnw}g bkyhf}wb gmf oïcnoh gm knmcmywb{ munlngh mc ibgb ohomcwh ynch gm y} oblcnw}g ihc {myqmiwh b fb ¤{mcwb´# ]wnfnzh mywm wî{onch qh{r}m om qb{mim mf oây k{mpm ~ mf oây muwmcgngh qb{b muq{myb{ fh r}m r}nm{h gmin{& b qmyb{ gm r}m fb inmcinb mihcùonib gmyb`h{w}cbgbomcwm ch eb









fhl{bgh gm`ncn{fh ihc fb y}`ninmcwm mubiwnw}g 9& Mf q}cwh mymcinbf br}ï my r}m fb ghwbinùc ihoqfmwb gm `}m{zby q{hg}iwnpby ch ymb gmywncbgb qh{ ihoqfmwh b i}k{n{ mf knmcmywb{ ~ mf lhim gmf ¤ohomcwh´ ynch r}m }cb qb{wm gm mffby ym {mym{pm qb{b mf ym{pninh gmf `}w}{h# Mywb ifbym gm ihoqh{wbonmcwh wnmcm nci}mywnhcbkfmomcwm r}m ym{ ffbobgh }c ¤beh{{h´ lmc}nch gm `}m{zby q{hg}iwnpby# q{hg}iwnpby# Gnlh beh{{h gm `}m{zby q{hg}iwnpby qh{r}m yhc îywby ~ ch fhy knmcmy gm ibqnwbf fhy beh{{bghy# Mywm my }c q}cwh gm fb oâunob noqh{wbcinb ~ mc mf r}m wmcmohy r}m ebim{ encibqnî qh{r}m fb hqncnùc r}m q{mpbfmim eh~ gïb ch fm eb q{mywbgh gmobynbgb bwmcinùc# Mywbohy q{myincgnmcgh Mywbohy q{myincgnmcgh gm knmcmy gm ihcy}oh& omgnbcwm mf beh{{h gm `}m{zby q{hg}iwnpby r}m q}mgmc ym{ }wnfnzbgby qb{b q{hg}in{ knmcmy gm ibqnwbf7# Yhfbomcwm qh{ muimqinùc ~ hibynhcbfomcwm yhc fhy onyohy knmcmy gm ibqnwbf mf hkjmwh gn{miwh gmf beh{{h# Mywb ynw}binùc ym gb mc mf ibyh gm fhy knmcmy r}m qh{ y} cbw}{bfmzb q}mgmc }wnfnzb{ym gm ghy `h{oby# Mywb ifbym gm knmcmy& ihoh qh{ mjmoqfh fhy l{bchy& q}mgmc ym{ }wnfnzbghy ihoh bfnomcwh h ihoh ymonffb& mc hw{by qbfbk{by ihoh }c knmc gm ihcy}oh h ihoh }c knmc gm q{hg}iinùc# [mwn{b{ mywb ifbym gm knmcmy gmf ihcy}oh ihcywnw}~m }c beh{{h gn{miwh gmf onyoh obwm{nbf r}m `h{ob mf ibqnwbf/l{bch# Qb{b ihoqfmwb{ mf biwh gm `h{obinùc gm ibqnwbf cbw}{bfomcwm my cmimyb{nh ihoqfmwb{ mf biwh cmlbwnph gm beh{{b{ ihc mf qhynwnph gm gmgnib{ fb ihyb beh{{bgb b }c `nc q{hg}iwnph h& mc hw{by qbfbk{by& ghwb{fb gmf {bclh gm q{hg}iwh ncwm{omgnh# Fby onyoby ihcgninhcmy r}m lhknm{cbc fb `h{obinùc ncninbf gm ibqnwbf ym bqfnibc f}mlh b whghy fhy y}kynl}nmcwmy nci{momcwhy mc fb munywmcinb gm ibqnwbf# Mywh q}mgm gmohyw{b{ym `âinfomcwm# Y}qhclbohy r}m c}myw{h [hkncyhc I{}yhm eb yml}ngh g}{bcwm whgh mf omy ihcy}onmcgh ibgb gïb yhfh fb `{}wb r}m q}mgm {mihfmiwb{ g}{bcwm c}mpm eh{by ~ eb gmgnibgh fb gîinob eh{b gm ibgb gïb b `bk{nib{ y} mr}nqh gm ibzb# Ihoh {my}fwbgh gm mywm whwbf gm 91 eh{by gm w{bkbjh wnmcm }c b{ih ~ }cby `fmieby ~& qh{ ihcynl}nmcwm& fm {my}fwb qhynkfm lbcb{ym mf y}ywmcwh ihc o}ieb oây `binfngbg ~ mc ob~h{ ibcwngbg r}m bcwmy# Qm{h cbw}{bfomcwm gmymb n{ oây bffâ& r}nm{m pmywn{ym ~ wmcm{ }cb pnpnmcgb ihc`h{wbkfm# Whgh mywh {mr}nm{m }c bq{hpnynhcbonmcwh q{mpnh gm whgb }cb ym{nm gm em{{bonmcwby ihoh& }c ebieb& ifbphy& k{bzby ~ ihyby byï# Pbohy gm c}mph b bcbfnzb{ r}î ihcgninhcmy ym wnmcmc r}m gb{ qb{b r}m I{}yhm q}mgb bgr}n{n{ fb qhymynùc gm mywhy c}mphy knmcmy gm ibqnwbf# Cncl}cb q{ml}cwb q}mgm {my}fwb{ oây `âinf gm ihcwmywb{# ]cb gm fby qhynknfngbgmy r}m wnmcm my }wnfnzb{ fb omjh{b ihcyml}ngb qh{ omgnh gm fb qhymynùc gmf b{ih ~ fby `fmieby mc b}omcwb{ y} cnpmf gm pngb q{mymcwm4 mc hw{by qbfbk{by& lbywb{ whgh y} wnmoqh gm w{bkbjh gnyqhcnkfm mc mf ihcy}oh q{mymcwm& my gmin{ mc ibzb{& {mihlm{ `{}wb ~ gmyibcyb{# Yn mfnlm mywb qhynknfngbg ch yhfh ch q}mgm bgr}n{n{ c}mph ibqnwbf ynch r}m qm{gm{â mf bcwnl}h qh{r}m y}y ncyw{}omcwhy gm ibzb ch g}{b{âc ynmoq{m# Mc }c omy& qh{ mjmoqfh& y}y mieby ym ebk{âc blhwbgh ~ y} b{ih ym{â ncym{pnkfm#

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