calcium

HYPOCALCEMIA Occurs

when calcium levels fall below normal range. When total serum calcium level fall below 4.5 mEq/L.

PA!"#P"$%I#&#'$ of PRECIPITATING FACTORS

"$P#(A&(E)IA Inadequate calcium intake. PREDISPOSING FACTORS Age

Impaired calcium absorption Excessive calcium loss Renal Failure Pancreatitis Acidosis Disease of parathyroid land

Pathophysioloy S,ELETAL

Irrita"ilit( o* #moot' mu#cle Mu#cle #$a#m-

Calcium or Vit. D ita!e or a"#or$tio %ecrea#e# or calcium e&cretio icrea#e# .

Parat'(roi% gla% relea#e# PTH

NE+ROM+SC+L AR

Icrea#e% euromu#cul ar e&ta"ilit(

Nu"e## a% tigllig o* t'e 'a%#

PTH %ra)# calcium *rom "oe a% $romote# real rea"#or$tio a% ite#tial a"#or$tio o* calcium

/Sig# a% #(m$tom#0 NE+ROLOGIC

Lac! o* calcium out#tri$# PTH# a"ilit( to com$e#ate.



Co*u#io#

NE+ROM+SC +LAR  Num"e##   Mu#cle Cram$# 

 Trou##eau# #ig   C'1ote!#

CARDIOVASC+ LAR  



De$re##io   Memor( lo##

/Sig# a% #(m$tom#0

Calcium i# o loger a"le to maitai cell #tructure a% *uctio.

M(ocar%ial cotractilit( )2 re%uctio o* car%iac out$ut   ECG3 $rologe% 4T iter1al 

Arr'(t'mia#

"$P#(A&(E)I A

*ursin Dianosis+ Imbalanced *utrition &ess than ,ody Requirements R-! inadequate intake of (alcium and itamin D. *2R%I*' )A*A'E)E*!

)onitor ital sins Assess Patient for !rousseau/s and (hvostek/s sin in hih risk clients. Assess also for bleedin in the ums and petechiae in the skin.  )onitor I sites for in0ltration or phlebitis 1hen I calcium is infused.  Assist in movin or turnin client . Encourae client to eat foods that are rich in)EDI(A& calcium. )A*A'E)E*! • •

•

•

• •

•

 (A&(I2) %2PP&E)E*!% I!A)I* D %2PP&E)E*!%

• •

*2R%I*' DIA'*#%I%

Risk for trauma related to deminerali3ation of bone resultin in patholoic *2R%I*' )A*A'E)E*! fractures . )onitor plasma calcium level.  2se caution by obtainin adequate help to turn or move the client. 4eep client/s bed in lo1 position and use side rails. 2se ait belts and assistance to 1alk or transfer the patient to and from bed. • •

•

•

*2R%I*' DIA'*#%I%

Impaired 'as exchane related to laryneal spasm. *2R%I*' )A*A'E)E*! Auscultation of chest. *ote rate and depth of respirations5 and type of breathin pattern. Asses for laryneal stridor. Inform Patient that temporary hoarseness and voice 1eakness may occur • •

• •