ELE@KWKW WYQEYMFK ^QOHOWK JEQY] JQMIKY AELJ QEJ[EY KLIOLMWKE
O`mc KHEL ELCEQIK C195>7>;3
IM^EQYMHML HELEDMHML BEJ]@YEW MJOLOHK IEL HELEDMHML KLWYKY]Y ^MQYELKEL AOFOQ 1>>6
EAWYQEJ Khel Elceqik, C195>7>;3, Ele`kwkw Wyqeymfk ^qohowk Jeqy} Jqmiky Aelj Qej{ey Kliolmwke, Ik aevec akhaklfel Eai}` Aewkyc iel Beqkie Qeyle Imvk,
Imvewe klk hew{eqejey Kliolmwke hmhk`kjk hkley {elf amweq ymqceie~ jmamqeieel jeqy} jqmiky Yqmli ~mlff}leel jeqy} jqmiky ikymlfec hew{eqejey Kliolmwke ymq}w hmlfe`ehk ~mlklfjeyel {elf g}j}~ wkflkbkjel ieqk yec}l jm yec}l Ymqgeyey ceh~kq wm`}q}c aelj wje`e amweq ik yelec ekq ym`ec ymqd}l ie`eh akwlkw jeqy} jqmiky iel we`ec wey}l{e {eky} Aelj AQK Hmlfklfey w}iec ael{ej aelj {elf ym`ec hmlfm`}eqjel ~qoi}j wmq}~e hmlfceie~jel Aelj AQK ~eie kj`kh akwlkw imlfel yklfjey ~mqweklfel {elf yklffk ]ly}j hml{kje~k yelyelfel ymqwma}y Aelj AQK ~mq`} hml{ke~jel wyqeymfk ~qohowk {elf ym~ey f}le hmh~mqjmle`jel iel hmhaelf}l eveqmlmww ~eqe leweaec wmqye hew{eqejey ejel eiel{e ~qoi}j Aelj AQK {elf aeq} {eky} Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK wmcklffe ie~ey hmhelye~jel ~owkwkl{e ie`eh ~mqweklfel ^mlm`kykel klk amqy}d}el }ly}j 5+ Hmlfjedk eye} hmlfmyec}k jmfkeyel ~qohowk {elf ik`ej}jel o`mc Aelj AQK }ly}j ~qoi}j Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK, 1+ hmlfkimlykbkjewk bejyoq‗bejyoq {elf hmh~mlfeq}ck jm~}y}wel ~ml{}w}lel wyqeymfk ~qohowk Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK iel 7+ Hmlgeqk e`ymqleykb wyqeymfk ~qohowk {elf ym~ey }ly}j Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK ^mlm`kykel klk ik`ejwelejel ~eie ^Y Aelj Qej{ey Kliolmwke #^mqwmqo+ Yaj, jelyoq ~}wey, {elf amq`ojewk ik D`l Dmliqe` W}ikqhel Jer`klf 99(92, Dejeqye Ieye {elf ikf}lejel }ly}j ~mlm`kykel klk amq}~e ieye ~qkhmq iel ieye wmj}limq D}h`ec qmw~oliml ymqikqk ieqk 9 oqelf ~ejeq {eky} {eky} Cmei ob Gqmiky Geqi A}wklmww Imrm`o~hmly Im~y , Cmei ob Gqmiky Geqi We`mw " Fmlmqe` Ebbekqw Im~y, iel i}e oqelf Wyebb Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK ^mlfo`ecel ieye ik`ej}jel Msgm` imlfel Hkgqowoby hmlff}lejel hmyoim EC^, imlfel aely}el Ms~mqy Gcokgm iel Ejykrkyew ~qohowk ymq~ei} Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK {elf wmde}c klk ym`ec ik`ejwelejel o`mc Aelj AQK ymqjm`oh~ojel jm ie`eh `khe ae}qel ~qohowk, {eky} ~mqkj`elel, ~mqwole` wm``klf, ~qohowk ~mld}e`el, ~}a`kwkyew iel c}a}lfel hew{qejey iel ~mheweqel `elfw}lf Bejyoq(bejyoq {elf ymqkimlykbkjewk wmaefek bejyoq ~ml{}w}l wyqeymfk ~qohowk Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK ymqikqk ieqk mleh bejyoq Eie~}l jmmleh bejyoq {elf ikhejw}i {eky} elffeqel ~qohowk, w}hamq ie{e hel}wke, jeqejymqkwykj ~qoi}j, jeqejymqkwykj ~eweq, WY^ iel ~mqweklfel Ieqk ~mlfo`ecel EC^ ikie~eyjel aecve WY^ hmq}~ejel bejyoq ~qkoqkyew }yehe {elf hmh~mlfeq}ck ~ml{}w}lel wyqeymfk ~qohowk Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK #>,1=2+ E`ymqleykb wyqeymfk ~qohowk aefk Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK {eky} #E+ hmlklfjeyjel bqmj}mlwk/klymlwkyew ~qohowk eaorm ycm `klm, jc}w}wl{e kj`el ~eie hmike m`mjyqolkj he}~}l hmike gmyej: #A+ @makc ~qoejykb ie`eh hm`ej}jel ~mqwole` wm``klf iel ikqmgy heqjmyklf: #G+ Ejykb hm`ej}jel ~qohowk am`ov ycm `klm imlfel amly}j jmfkeyel msckakykol iel ~mhamqkel w~olwoqwck~: #I+ Hmh~mqael{ej jmqdewehe imlfel hmqgcely {elf ymqjmh}je: iel #M+ Hm`ej}jel ~qohowk ~mld}e`el imlfelE`ymqleykb ~qofqehwyqeymfk {elf `makc hmleqkj iel hmlfjoh}lkjewkjell{e imlfel klymlwkb {elf ie~ey ik~qkoqkyewjel aefk Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK eie`ec hmlklfjeyjel bqmj}mlwk/klymlwkyew ~qohowk eaorm ycm `klm, jc}w}wl{e kj`el ~eie hmike m`mjyqolkj he}~}l hmike gmyej #>,1;6+
ELE@KWKW WYQEYMFK ^QOHOWK JEQY] JQMIKY AELJ QEJ[EY KLIOLMWKE
WJQK^WK Wmaefek we`ec wey} w{eqey }ly}j hmh~mqo`mc fm`eq WEQDELE MJOLOHK ~eie Im~eqymhml Heledmhml Bej}`yew Mjolohk iel Heledmhml Klwyky}y ^mqyelkel Aofoq
O`mc KHEL ELCEQIK C195>7>;3
IM^EQYMHML HELEDMHML BEJ]@YEW MJOLOHK IEL HELEDMHML KLWYKY]Y ^MQYELKEL AOFOQ 1>>6
KLWYKY]Y ^MQYELKEL AOFOQ BEJ]@YEW MJOLOHK IEL HELEDMHML IM^EQYMHML HELEDMHML
ELE@KWKW WYQEYMFK ^QOHOWK JEQY] JQMIKY AELJ QEJ[EY KLIOLMWKE
WJQK^WK
Wmaefek we`ec wey} w{eqey }ly}j hmh~mqo`mc fm`eq WEQDELE MJOLOHK
~eie Im~eqymhml Heledmhml Bej}`yew Mjolohk iel Heledmhml Klwyky}y ^mqyelkel Aofoq
O`mc KHEL ELCEQIK C195>7>;3
Hml{my}d}k,
D}`k 1>>6
Kq Eai}` Aewkyc, HWg Iowml ^mhakhaklf 5
Beqkie Qeyle Imvk, WM, HH Iowml ^mhakhaklf 1
Hmlfmyec}k,
Iq Kq Dolo H H}lelieq, HWg Jmy}e Im~eqymhml
Yelffe` }dkel 4 1; D}lk 1>>6
Yelffe` `}`}w 4
QKVE[EY CKI]^
^ml}`kw amqlehe Khel Elceqik, ik`eckqjel ik Amjewk ~eie yelffe` 59 Hmk 5;3= ieqk ~ewelfel Jmhel Qew{ki iel Beqik``e ^ml}`kw hmq}~ejel elej jmi}e ieqk mh~ey amqwe}ieqe ^ml}`kw hml{m`mwekjel ~mlikikjel ik Wmjo`ec Ieweq Lmfmqk L}we Kliec Amjewk ~eie yec}l 5;;5 weh~ek imlfel yec}l 5;;6, Wmjo`ec @eld}yel Yklfjey ^mqyehe Lmfmqk 51 Amjewk ~eie yec}l 5;;6 weh~ek imlfel yec}l 1>>>, iel hm`eld}yjel ~mlikikjel ik Wmjo`ec Hmlmlfec ]h}h Lmfmqk 65 Dejeqye ~eie yec}l 1>>> weh~ek imlfel yec}l 1>>7 ^eie yec}l 1>>7, ~ml}`kw ikymqkhe ik Klwyky}y ^mqyelkel Aofoq hm`e`}k de`}q ]dkel Wm`mjwk Hew}j K^A #]WHK+ ik Im~eqymhml Heledmhml, Bej}`yew Mjolohk iel Heledmhml Wm`ehe hmlde`elk ~mqj}`kecel, ~ml}`kw amq~eqykwk~ewk ejykb ie`eh oqfelkwewk jmhecewkwveel, {eky} Aeiel Mjwmj}ykb Hecewkwve Bej}`yew Mjolohk iel Heledmhml, Klwyky}y ^mqyelkel Aofoq ~eie ~mqkoim 1>>9(1>>= iel 1>>=(1>>2 hmldeaey wmaefek wyebb im~eqymhml JJC}hew iel ckh~}lel ~qobmwk Im~eqymhml Heledmhml, Bej}`yew Mjolohk iel Heledmhml, Klwyky}y ^mqyelkel Aofoq {elf amqlehe Gmlymq Ob Helefmhmly #GOHN+ hmldeaey wmaefek wyebb ikqmjyoqey W}hamq Ie{e Hel}wke ~eie ~mqkoim yec}l 1>>9(1>>= Wm`ehe hewe j}`kec ~ml}`kw d}fe ejykb ie`eh jm~elkykel amamqe~e egeqe ik bej}`yew he}~}l im~eqymhml
kkk
JEYE ^MLFELYEQ
^}dk w{}j}q ~ml}`kw ~eldeyjel jm ceikqey E``ec WVY {elf ym`ec hm`kh~ecjel qechey, ckie{ec, wmqye ~mqyo`olfel(L{e, wmcklffe ~ml}`kw ie~ey hml{m`mwekjel ~ml{}w}lel wjqk~wk klk {elf amqd}i}` Ele`kwkw Wyqeymfk ^qohowk Jeqy} Jqmiky Aelj Qej{ey Kliolmwke Wjqk~wk klk ikw}w}l wmaefek w{eqey }ly}j
hmh~mqo`mc fm`eq Weqdele Mjolohk ~eie Im~eqymhml Heledmhml, Bej}`yew Mjolohk iel Heledmhml, Klwyky}y ^mqyelkel Aofoq ^eie jmwmh~eyel klk, ~ml}`kw klfkl hml{eh~ekjel }lfje~el ymqkhe jewkc jm~eie4 5
Kq Eai}` Aewkyc, HWg iel Beqkie Qeyle Imvk, WM, HH wmaefek iowml ~mhakhaklf {elf ym`ec hm`}elfjel vejy} imlfel ~ml}c jmweaeqel hmhamqkjel akhaklfel, hmhaefkjel k`h}, hoykrewk, weqel iel ~mlfeqecel jm~eie ~ml}`kw weqel ie`eh ~ml{mh~}qleel wjqk~wk klk
1 H}jcehei Ledka, WY^, HH eyew jmwmikeell{e }ly}j hmldeik iowml ~mlf}dk iel hmhamqkjel ioe qmwy}, wmhelfey iel jewkc we{elf jm~eie ~ml}`kw 7 Iq Kq Dolo H H}lelieq, HWg wm`ej} Jmy}e Im~eqymhml Heledmhml, wm`}q}c wyeb iowml ~mlfedeq iel jeq{evel/veyk Im~eqymhel Heledmhml, Bej}`yew Mjolohk iel Heledmhml, Klwyky}y ^mqyelkel Aofoq 9 Jmi}e oqelf y}ej} #Ae~ej iel Hehec+ iel wm`}q}c jm`}eqfe amweq {elf wm`e`} hmhamqkjel ioe qmwy}, wmhelfey iel jewkc we{elf jm~eie ~ml}`kw = H{ wkwymq eli H{ aqoycmq #Hae Iklk, W{kbe iel Iebe+ K voob {o} wo h}gc 2 Ae~ej Vec{}ik Ieqhevel eyew jmwmikeell{e }ly}j hm`ej}jel vevelgeqe iel hmhamqkjel vejy}, ~kjkqel iel klboqhewk {elf amqeqyk aefk ~ml}`kw 6 H{ foqfmo}w bqml I{el, Yv, Kqbel, Dmlf Akym`, Dmlf Kqhe, Klelj iel Gckhmy 3 Ycm Gck``mqw #E`io, Elik, Ceummh, Qkgo iel Qko+Ycm vco`m ~ewy 1 {meqw cew amml el ehetklf {meqw boq hm amge}wm ob {o} f}{w Ycels } wo h}gc
; Ykhkje @k~w #Ojy{, Jmjmv, Heim, Fmhe, Elik, ]ykm, K`e, I{lm, Lky1s, Egk`, Fkyqk iel H{e+ Ymye~`ec mskwy ymhel 5> Ycm Fqo}~kmwww #Lei{e, L}q, @k{e, M``{ iel ]`be+ Ycels boq ycm w}~~oqy 55 G1(593 hmhamq #Ie}w, Kgcel iel Ikhew+ [o}‛q f}{w ycm amwy qoohheym mrmq
kr
51 Qmjel wey} akhaklfel #Wm~yk iel Kkl+ }ly}j jmqdewehe iel hoykrewk wm`ehe akhaklfel iel jolw}`yewk wjqk~wk 57 Khelkth 4 ‐H~oj‘ @klie, Rkgje, Wmjeq, Elikml, Mre, Imwy{, Kgce, H{e, Ewyqki, Khm`, Hkqe, Ykje, @klie ‐Lmlmj‘, ^ew}w, Vckle, Ykle, Myy{ Qoll{, Ae{}, Imik iel qmjel qmjel heledmhml `ekll{e }ly}j ~mqweceaeyel iel jmgmqkeell{e wm`ehe 9 yec}l ik hewe ~mqj}`kecel 59 Ymeh Dere 5 eli Dere 1 4 Hew Wkol #Ycm W}~mqrkwoq+, Hew Gcebki #Ycm Mikyoq+, Mrkm, Kqhe, DV, Fmfm eli ycm amf}lie`w Ycels boq ycm w}~~oqy RKRE DERE
5= ^kcej(~kcej `ekl {elf ykiej ie~ey ikwma}yjel wey} ~mq wey} {elf ym`ec kj}y hmhaely} wm`ehe ~ml{}w}lel wjqk~wk klk ^ml}`kw hml{eieqk aecve wjqk~wk klk hewkc de}c ieqk jmwmh~}qleel O`mc jeqmle ky}, imlfel wmfe`e jmqmliecel ceyk ~ml}`kw hmlfceqe~jel jqkykj iel weqel {elf amqwkbey hmhaelf}l }ly}j ikdeikjel aecel ~mqaekjel ie`eh ~ml}`kwel {elf `makc aekj `efk
Aofoq, D}`k 1>>6
^ml}`kw
r
IEBYEQ KWK Ce`ehel EAWYQEJ QKVE[EY CKI]^ ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
kkk
JEYE ^MLFELYEQ ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
kr
IEBYEQ KWK ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
rk
IEBYEQ YEAM@ ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
ks
IEBYEQ FEHAEQ ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
s
IEBYEQ @EH^KQEL ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
sk
K, ^MLIEC]@]EL
55 51 57 59 5=
@eyeq Am`ejelf Hewe`ec ^mq}h}wel Hewe`ec Y}d}el ^mlm`kykel Helbeey ^mlm`kykel Aeyewel ^mlm`kykel
5 9 = = 2
KK, YKLDE]EL ^]WYEJE
15 Aelj 11 Jeqy} Jqmiky 17 Jolwm~ ^mheweqel Dewe 175 ^mheweqel 171 Dewe 177 ^mheweqel Dewe 179 Ae}qel ^mheweqel Dewe 17= Wmfhmlyeykol, Yeqfmyklf iel ^owkykolklf #WY^+ 19 ^qohowk 1= Ae}qel ^qohowk 1=5 ^mqkj`elel 1=1 ^mld}e`el ^mqwole` #^mqwole` Wm``klf+ 1=7 ^qohowk ^mld}e`el 1=9 ^}a`kwkyew iel C}a}lfel Hew{eqejey 1== ^mheweqel @elfw}lf 12 ^mqmlgeleel ^qohowk 125 ^mlmye~el Y}d}el ^qohowk 121 Kimlykbkjewk E}ikmlw Weweqel 127 ^mlimjeyel Wyqeymfk ^qohowk 129 ^mqmlgeleel Hmike 12= Hmyoim ^mlfelffeqel ^qohowk 122 Mre`}ewk Mbmjykrkyew ^qohowk 16 Bejyoq(Bejyoq {elf Hmh~mlfeq}ck Wyqeymfk ^qohowk
rk
6 3 3 3 ; ; 5> 51 57 5= 5= 56 53 5; 1> 15 15 11 11 11 19 1= 12
13 Hoim` EC^ #Ele`{ykge` Ckmqeqgc{ ^qogmww+ 135 ^qklwk~ Jmqde EC^ 131 @elfjec‗@elfjec ^mlff}leel EC^ 137 Jm}ly}lfel EC^ 1; ^mlm`kykel Ymqiec}`}
13 1; 7> 72 76
KKK, HMYOIO@OFK ^MLM@KYKEL
75 Jmqelfje ^mhkjkqel Jolwm~y}e` 71 Vejy} iel Ymh~ey ^mlm`kykel 77 Hmyoim ^mlm`kykel 775 Hmyoim ^mlfehak`el Ieye 771 Hmyoim ^mlfehak`el Weh~m` 777 Hmyoim ^mlfo`ecel iel Ele`kwkw Ieye
7; 95 91 91 91 97
KR, CEWK@ IEL ^MHAECEWEL
95 Fehaeqel ]h}h ^mq}weceel 955 Wmdeqec ^mq}weceel 951 Rkwk iel Hkwk ^mq}weceel 957 A}ie{e ^mq}weceel 959 Wyqeymfk ]wece 95= ]lky Jmqde 91 Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK 915 ^qobk` Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK 911 Rkwk iel Hkwk Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK 917 Yk~m Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK 919 W`ofel Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK
99 99 9= 92 96 96 96 96 93 93 9;
Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK 97 91= JmfkeyelJm}ly}lfel Wyqeymfk ^qohowk Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK 975 Jmfkeyel Ae}qel ^qohowk Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK Weey Klk 9755 ^mqkj`elel 9751 ^mld}e`el ^qkaeik #^mqwole` Wm``klf+ 9757 ^qohowk ~mld}e`el 9759 ^}a`kwkyew iel C}a}lfel Hew{eqejey 975= ^mheweqel @elfw}lf #Ikqmgy Heqjmyklf+ 971 ^mhake{el ^qohowk Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK 99 Ele`kwkw ^mhk`kcel Wyqeymfk ^qohowk 995 Ele`kwkw Bejyoq(Bejyoq ^ml{}w}l Wyqeymfk ^qohowk Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK 991 Ejyoq {elf Amq~mlfeq}c ie`eh Wyqeymfk ^qohowk Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK 997 Y}d}el ^qohowk Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK 999 E`ymqleykb Wyqeymfk ^qohowk Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK 9= Ele`kwkw ^mhk`kcel E`ymqleykb Wyqeymfk ^qohowk imlfel EC^ 9=5 Cewk` ^mlfo`ecel Ieye wmgeqe Coqktolye` ie`eh EC^ 9=1 Cewk` ^mlfo`ecel Ieye wmgeqe Rmqykje` ie`eh EC^
=> =5 =5 =5 =6 25 2= 2; 61 67
rkk
67 66 63 6; 3> 31 33
JMWKH^]@EL IEL WEQEL 5, Jmwkh~}`el ;3 1, Weqel ;; IEBYEQ ^]WYEJE 5>> @EH^KQEL
5>1
rkkk
IEBYEQ YEAM@ Lo,
Ce`ehel
5 Yqmli Akwlkw Jeqy} Jqmiky
1
1 Jeqejymqkwykj Hmike
17
7 Lk`ek Aeliklf Wje`e Amq~ewelfel
71
9 Heyqkjw ^mlie~ey Klikrki}
77
= Heyqkjw ^mlie~ey Fea}lfel
79
2 Yeam` Klimjw Egej
72
6 Ieye ^mq}weceel }ly}j Jmfkeyel Goq~oqeym Wm``klf =; 3 W}w}lel Aoaoy iel ^qkoqkyew Cewk` ^mlfo`ecel Coqktolye` elyeq M`mhml ~eie Yklfjey 7 #M`mhml Ejyoq ^ml{}w}l Wyqeymfk ^qohowk+
37
; W}w}lel Aoaoy iel ^qkoqkyew Cewk` ^mlfo`ecel Coqktolye` elyeq M`mhml ~eie Yklfjey 9 #M`mhml Y}d}el Wyqeymfk ^qohowk+
32
5> W}w}lel Aoaoy iel ^qkoqkyew Cewk` ^mlfo`ecel Coqktolye` elyeq M`mhml ~eie Yklfjey = #M`mhml E`ymqleykb Wyqeymfk ^qohowk+
36
55 Aoaoy iel ^qkoqkyew Bejyoq(Bejyoq ^ml{}w}l Wyqeymfk ^qohowk Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK
3;
51 Aoaoy iel ^qkoqkyew Ejyoq {elf Amq~mqel ie`eh ^mlfehak`el Jm~}y}wel Wyqeymfk ^qohowk Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK
;5
57 Aoaoy iel ^qkoqkyew Y}d}el Wyqeymfk ^qohowk Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK
;7
59 Aoaoy iel ^qkoqkyew E`ymqleykb Wyqeymfk ^qohowk Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK
;=
ks
IEBYEQ FEHAEQ Lo,
Ce`ehel
5 Wyq}jy}q Ckqeqjk @mlfje~
75
1 Jmqelfje ^mhkjkqel
95
7 Wyq}jy}q Ckqeqjk ^mhk`kcel Wyqeymfk ^qohowk
3>
9 Cewk` ^mlfo`ecel Rmqykje` Wyq}jy}q Ckqeqjk ^mhk`kcel E`ymqleykb Wyqeymfk ^qohowk Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK
s
33
IEBYEQ @EH^KQEL Lo,
Ce`ehel
5 J}mwkolmq ~mlm`kykel 5>1 1 Wyq}jy}q Oqfelkwewk Golw}hmq Aeljklf 556 7 Wyq}jy}q Oqfelkwewk Ikrkwk Gqmiky Geqi 553 9 Golyoc Cewk` ^mlfo`ecel Coqkwolye` EC^ 55; = Golyoc Cewk` ^mlfo`ecel Rmqykje` EC^ 51>
sk
K, ^MLIEC]@]EL
5,5, @eyeq Am`ejelf
Wmyke~ hel}wke hm`ej}jel yqelwejwk }ly}j ~mhml}cel jma}y}cel cki}~l{e ^eie tehel iec}`} hel}wke hm`ej}jel yqelwejwk imlfel wma}ec wkwymh {elf iklehejel aeqymq Leh}l, imlfel ikymh}jell{e heye }elf heje wkwymh aeqymq klk wmgeqe oyoheykw ymqfelykjel Heye }elf ikf}lejel wmaefek e`ey y}jeq }ly}j hmham`k ~qoi}j eye} dewe f}le ~mhml}cel jma}y}cel cki}~ Wmkqklf imlfel ~mqjmhaelfel tehel heje fe{e cki}~ hel}wke d}fe kj}y hmlfe`ehk ~mq}aecel Hoak`kyew cki}~ {elf yklffk imlfel fe{e cki}~ {elf wmhejkl hoimql hml{maeajel hel}wke hmlfklfkljel e`ey( e`ey yqelwejwk `ekll{e {elf `makc ~qejykw iel
ehel ]ly}j hmlelffe~k
jolikwk ymqwma}y heje ymqgk~ye`ec jeqy} ~`ewykj {elf ikf}lejel }ly}j ~ml{m`mwekel yqelwejwk qkym` Ik Kliolmwke wmlikqk ~mlff}leel jeqy} ~`ewykj }ly}j yqelwejwk jm}elfel h}`ek amqjmhaelf ~eie yec}l 5;3>(el Wmde`el imlfel eiel{e ~mqjmhaelfel `}eq akewe ieqk i}lke ~mqaeljel wmaefek ejkaey eiel{e imqmf}`ewk mjolohk iel ~mqaeljel h}`ek yec}l 5;3>(el, jeqy} ~`ewykj ~}l wmhejkl `}ew ikf}lejel wmaefek e`ey }ly}j hm`ej}jel yqelwejwk jm}elfel #Yqkelieq} " A}ikwelyowo, 1>>2+ Eie~}l we`ec wey} amly}j jeqy} ~`ewykj {elf g}j}~ hmlie~ey woqoyel ieqk hew{eqejey iel ymq}w hmlfe`ehk ~mqjmhaelfel eie`ec jeqy} jqmiky Jeqy} jqmiky hmq}~ejel jeqy} ~`ewykj {elf ikymqakyjel o`mc `mhaefe jm}elfel iel ie~ey ikf}lejel wmaefek e`ey ~mhae{eqel yqelwejwk ~mham`kel aeqelf iel dewe {elf ~mhae{eqel ~m`}lewell{e ie~ey ik`ej}jel o`mc ~mham`k wmgeqe wmje`kf}w eye} elfw}qel Imvewe klk hew{eqejey Kliolmwke hmhk`kjk hkley {elf amweq ymqceie~ jmamqeieel jeqy} jqmiky Yqmli ~mlff}leel jeqy} jqmiky ik ymlfec hew{eqejey Kliolmwke ymq}w hmlfe`ehk ~mlklfjeyel {elf g}j}~ wkflkbkjel ieqk yec}l jm yec}l #h}`ek ieqk yec}l 1>>1 weh~ek 1>>=+, wm~mqyk {elf ie~ey ik`kcey ieqk Yeam` 5 Amqieweqjel ieye Aelj Kliolmwke hml{ma}yjel aecve weh~ek imlfel a}`el Wm~ymhamq 1>>2 `e`} d}h`ec ~mhmfelf jeqy} jqmiky ik Kliolmwke hmlge~ek 3 d}ye `makc #Ideveckq ie`eh WVE, 1>>2+
1
Yeam` 5 Yqmli Akwlkw Jeqy} Jqmiky Amqieweqjel d}h`ec jeqy}, ro`}hm yqelwejwk iel lk`ek yqelwejwk Dmlkw Jeqy}
Jeqy} Jqmiky
Ieye
D}h`ec Jeqy} Ro`}hmYqelwejwk Lk`ek Yqelwejwk
Yec}l
#Jeqy}+ #Yqelwejwk+ #Q~Yqk`k}l+
1>>1
1>>7
1>>9
1>>=
9,555,=65 ==,612,2== 19,999
9,=5=,219 27,227,273 13,>=;
=,=>1,522 31,59;,=65 76,296
2,=>1,6=7 ;3,>29,2>= ==,=2;
W}hamq 4 Aelj Kliolmwkeie`eh WVE, 1>>2
Yklfjey ~mqy}ha}cel akwlkw jeqy} jqmiky {elf wmgeqe wkflkbkjel hmlfe`ehk jmlekjel ieqk yec}l jm yec}l ie~ey hml}ld}jel aecve ie{e am`k hew{eqejey d}fe wmhejkl hmlklfjey Ce` ymqwma}y hmldeik wma}ec klikjeyoq ~owkykb aefk ~m`ej} akwlkw jeqy} jqmiky ejel ~mqy}ha}cel jeqy} jqmiky {elf ejel wmhejkl ~qow~mjykb jmim~ell{e Ymqgeyey ceh~kq wm`}q}c aelj wje`e amweq ik yelec ekq ym`ec ymqd}l ie`eh akwlkw jeqy} jqmiky iel we`ec wey}l{e {eky} Aelj AQK Ymqcky}lf wmdej yelffe` 11 bmaq}eqk 1>>2 ^Y Aelj Qej{ey Kliolmwke #^mqwmqo+ Yaj hmlfm`}eqjel ~qoi}j jeqy} jqmikyl{e Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK hmq}~ejel jmqdewehe Aelj AQK imlfel HewymqGeqi Klymqlewkole` {elf hmq}~ejel ~mhkh~kl wkwymh ~mhae{eqel {elf ikymqkhe ik wm`}q}c i}lke Imlfel hmlfmim~eljel jm~}ewel iel jmh}iecel aefk ~eqe leweaecl{e Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK ie~ey ikf}lejel }ly}j amqyqelwejwk ikwm`}q}c deqklfel o}y`my #hmqgcely+ {elf amq`ofo HewymqGeqi iel d}fe hm`ej}jel ~mleqkjel y}lek ikwm`}q}c EYH amq`ofo HewymqGeqi/Hemwyqo/Gkqq}w {elf ymqwmaeq ik wm`}q}c i}lke Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK ymqikqk ieqk ykfe yk~m {eky} jeqy} Wyelieqi, jeqy} Fo`i iel jeqy} ^`eykl}h Aelj AQK {elf wm`ehe klk iklk`ek j}ey iel boj}w imlfel wmfhml hmlmlfec jmaevec iel d}fe ]HJH #]wece Hkjqo Jmgk` iel Hmlmlfec+ hmldeikjel Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK wmaefek b`ef geqqkmq aefk Aelj AQK }ly}j hew}j d}fe jm ~eweq joye(joye amweq hm`e`}k ~qoi}j {elf joh~mykykb iel h}iec ikymqkhe o`ec wmh}e je`elfel ]ly}j yeqfmy eve` leweaec jeqy} jqmiky wmlikqk Aelj AQK hmhakikj ~eweq ieqk je`elfel klymqle` {eky} leweaec AQK/]HJH AQK Ce` klk ik`ej}jel aelj AQK hmlfklfey ~kcejl{e hmhk`kjk gowy}hmq aewm {elf g}j}~ amweq {eky} wmjkyeq 7> d}ye leweaec ^eie yece~
7
eve` {eky} ~eie yec}l 1>>2 ikyeqfmyjel =>>>> oqelf ieqk 7> d}ye leweaec ejel hew}j wmaefek ~mhmfelf Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK Aelj AQK }ly}j yeqfmy eve` leweaec jeqy} jqmikyl{e hmhakikj ~eweq ieqk je`elfel klymqle` {eky} leweaec AQK/]HJH AQK Ce` klk ik`ej}jel Aelj AQK hmlfklfey ~kcejl{e hmhk`kjk gowy}hmq aewm {elf g}j}~ amweq {eky} wmjkyeq 7> d}ye leweaec ^eie yece~ eve` {eky} ~eie yec}l 1>>2 ikyeqfmyjel =>>>> oqelf ieqk 7> d}ye leweaec ejel hew}j wmaefek ~mhmfelf Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK Ieqk yqelwejwk jeqy} jqmiky klk Aelj AQK hmlfceqe~jel eiel{e yehaecel bmm aewmi klgohm wmamweq Q~ 1 hk`keq‗Q~ 7 hk`keq Hmlfklfey w}iec ael{ej aelj {elf ym`ec hmlfm`}eqjel ~qoi}j wmq}~e hmlfceie~jel Aelj AQK ~eie kj`kh akwlkw imlfel yklfjey ~mqweklfel {elf yklffk Hml}q}y wma}ec eqykjm` ie`eh Klrmwyoq Iek`{ hmlmfewjel aecve aelj‗aelj ~e~el eyew wmielf fkey hm`ej}jel mjw~elwk ikakielf jeqy} jqmiky Ymqgeyey ~mhmfelf Jeqy} Jqmiky Helikqk ym`ec hmlge~ek 5 d}yeel oqelf, imlfel lk`ek yqelwejwk weh~ek yec}l 1>>2 hmlge~ek Q~ 7 yqk`k}l ]ly}j yec}l 1>>6 Aelj Helikqk amqehakwk }ly}j hmqekc 5,1 d}ye ~mhmfelf jeqy} Aelj ALK {elf ymqgeyey wmaefek aelj imlfel w}j} a}lfe ~e`klf qmliec weh~ek imlfel yec}l 1>>2 hmheyoj ~mqy}ha}cel jeqy} jqmiky wmamweq 5=‗1> - ~eie yec}l 1>>6, hmldeik 5,7 d}ye ~mhmfelf jeqy} Ieqk wkwk yqelwejwk Aelj ALK o~ykhkw ejel y}ha}c 7>- ieqk Q~ = yqk`k}l hmldeik Q~ 2,= yqk`k}l WGA #Wyelieqy Gceqymi Aelj+ imlfel wmfhml ~qmhk}h weh~ek yec}l 1>>2 hmh~}l{ek ~mhmfelf jeqy} wmael{ej 1=>>>> oqelf iel hmleqfmyjel jmlekjel 9>- }ly}j yec}l 1>>6 Wmaefek yehaecel, ~mq Wm~ymhamq 1>>2 ~mhmfelf jeqy} jqmiky Aelj Lkefe ymqgeyey 13>>>> oqelf Aelj AQK wmlikqk g}j}~ o~ykhkw ejel ~mqy}ha}cel jeqy} jqmikyl{e jm im~el Aecjel }ly}j yec}l 1>>6, Aelj AQK hmleqfmyjel ~mqy}ha}cel d}h`ec ~mhmfelf jeqy} wmamweq 7 je`k `k~ey ieqk =>>>> hmldeik 5=>>>> oqelf Ce` klk hmq}~ejel yelyelfel aefk Aelj AQK jmim~ell{e O`mc jeqmle ky}, }ly}j hml{kje~k yelyelfel ymqwma}y Aelj AQK ~mq`} hml{ke~jel wyqeymfk ~qohowk {elf ym~ey f}le hmh~mqjmle`jel iel hmhaelf}l eveqmlmww ~eqe leweaec wmqye hew{eqejey ejel eiel{e ~qoi}j Aelj AQK {elf aeq} {eky}
9
Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK Ce` klk welfey ~mlyklf ik`ej}jel jeqmle ejel welfey amq~mlfeq}c ymqceie~ jm`elfw}lfel ~mqy}ha}cel Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK jmim~el 5,1, ^mq}h}wel Hewe`ec
Wmaefek }~e{e }ly}j ymq}w hml{mw}ekjel ikqk imlfel ~mqjmhaelfel ymjlo`ofk iel d}fe y}ly}yel ieqk leweaec, hmlioqolf Aelj AQK }ly}j ymq}w amq}~e{e hm`ej}jel ~mlfmhaelfel ie`eh ~qoi}j‗~qoi}j ~mqaeljell{e We`ec wey} ~qoi}j ~mqaeljel {elf ikjm`}eqjel o`mc Aelj AQK f}le hml{mw}ekjel jolikwk ymqwma}y {eky} Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK Aelj AQK ymqfo`olf ~mhekl aeq} ie`eh akwlkw jeqy} jqmiky Aelj(aelj ~e~el eyew ik Kliolmwke wm~mqyk Aelj Helikqk, Aelj ALK, Aelj AGE, iel Aelj Lkefe ym`ec hmlfm`}eqjel jeqy} jqmiky ymq`makc iec}`} ikaeliklfjel imlfel Aelj AQK ^mqweklfel ie`eh akwlkw klk wmhejkl yedeh imlfel y}q}y wmqyel{e aelj ewklf {elf d}fe ym`ec hmlmqakyjel jeqy} jqmiky wm~mqyk Gkykaelj, CWAG iel WGA Aecjel Gkykaelj weh~ek yec}l 1>>2 ymqgeyey wmaefek aelj imlfel d}h`ec ~mhmfelf jeqy} ymqael{ej ik Kliolmwke imlfel d}h`ec ~mhmfelf jeqy} hmlge~ek 5,= d}ye oqelf eye} hmlf}ewek wmjkyeq 7=- ieqk ~elfwe ~eweq Weh~ek yec}l 1>>2 wmlikqk ymqgeyey w}iec ymqie~ey 11 aelj {elf ymqd}l ie`eh akwlkw jeqy} jqmiky ik Kliolmwke Yklfjey joh~mykwk akwlkw jeqy} jqmiky ik Kliolmwke ~}l jkel amqjmhaelf jm eqec {elf hejkl joh~mykykb Ce` klk ie~ey ymq`kcey ieqk fmlgeql{e kj`el iel jmfkeyel
~qohowk `ekll{e {elf ik`ej}jel o`mc ~eqe
~mweklf, aekj ~qohowk {elf amqwkbey eaorm ycm `klm he}~}l am`ov ycm `klm Ikyehaec `efk, imvewe klk d}fe ymq`kcey aecve ~eqe ~mlmqaky jeqy} jqmiky wmielf amq`ohae(`ohae }ly}j hmleqkj hkley ~}a`kj imlfel hm`}lg}qjel amqaefek hegeh ~qofqeh ~qohowk ~mld}e`el, h}`ek ieqk ~qofqeh hmqgcely ikwgo}ly weh~ek imlfel =>- #a}{ olm fmy olm bqmm+, ~okly qmveqi, ~qofqeh
gkgk`el >- iel {elf wmielf yqmli weey klk {eky} ~mhamqkel gewcaegj Hmh~mqykhaelfjel ~owkwk Aelj AQK wmaefek ~mlieyelf aeq} `e{elel jeqy} jqmiky iel d}fe imlfel hmlfceie~k yklfjey ~mqweklfel {elf wmhejkl jmyey, hmlfceq}wjel Aelj AQK hm`ej}jel wmqelfjekel wyqeymfk }ly}j hmhelye~jel ~owkwkl{e ie`eh hmlfceie~k ~mqweklfel ^qohowk wmaefek we`ec wey} ~k`eq ieqk ~mheweqel hmq}~ejel `elfjec wyqeymfkw {elf welfey
=
jq}wke` aefk Aelj AQK }ly}j hmlfceie~k ~mqweklfel ~eie akwlkw jeqy} jqmiky klk ]~e{e }ly}j hmh~mqjmle`jel iel hmhaelf}l eveqmlmww Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK jmymlfec ~}a`kj ie`eh qelfje }ly}j hmhelye~jel ~owkwkl{e ie`eh ~mqweklfel ik akwlkw jeqy} jqmiky ie~ey ymqge~ek hm`e`}k wyqeymfk ~qohowk {elf ym~ey Ieqk }qekel ikeyew heje ie~ey ikq}h}wjel ~mqhewe`ecel {elf ykha}` eie`ec wmaefek amqkj}y 4 5 Aefekhele jmfkeyel ~qohowk {elf ik`ej}jel Aelj AQK }ly}j ~qoi}j Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK ? 1 Bejyoq‗bejyoq e~e wede {elf hmh~mlfeq}ck ~ml{}w}lel wyqeymfk ~qohowk Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK? 7 E`ymqleykb wyqeymfk ~qohowk e~ejec {elf ~e`klf ym~ey }ly}j ikymqe~jel ik Aelj AQK }ly}j Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK? 5,7, Y}d}el ^mlm`kykel
Hmlfeg} ~eie ~mq}h}wel hewe`ec wm~mqyk {elf ym`ec ik}qekjel ikeyew, heje y}d}el ~mlm`kykel klk eie`ec 4 5 Hmlfjedk eye} hmlfmyec}k jmfkeyel ~qohowk {elf ik`ej}jel o`mc aelj AQK }ly}j ~qoi}j Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK 1 Hmlfkimlykbkjewk bejyoq‗bejyoq {elf hmh~mlfeq}ck ~ml{}w}lel wyqeymfk ~qohowk Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK
jm~}y}wel
7 Hmlgeqk e`ymqleykb wyqeymfk ~qohowk {elf ym~ey }ly}j Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK 5,9, Helbeey ~mlm`kykel
Helbeey ~mlm`kykel, aekj helbeey `elfw}lf he}~}l helbeey ykiej `elfw}lf {elf ie~ey ikehak` ieqk ~ml}`kwel wjqk~wk klk eie`ec 4 5 Aefk ~mq}weceel ikceqe~jel cewk` ~mlm`kykel klk amqf}le wmaefek hew}jel iel qmjohmliewk {elf ~ey}y ik~mqykhaelfjel lelykl{e 1 Aefk ~mlm`kyk, hmlie~eyjel helbeey ~qejykw amq}~e yehaecel vevewel wmqye ~mlfmyec}el 7 Aefk ~mhaege eye} ~kcej `ekll{e, ie~ey hmldeik qmbmqmlwk }ly}j ~mlm`kykel‗~mlm`kykel wm`eld}yl{e
2
5,=, Aeyewel ^mlm`kykel
^mlm`kykel klk ymqaeyew cel{e ~eie ~mhaecewel hmlfmlek jmfkeyel ~qohowk ymq~ei} ~mq}weceel iel ae}qel ~qohowk {elf ik`ej}jel, {eky} ~mqkj`elel #eirmqykwklf+, ~mld}e`el ~qkaeik #~mqwole` wm``klf+, ~qohowk ~mld}e`el #we`mw ~qohoykol+, ~}a`kwkyew iel c}a}lfel hew{eqejey #~}a`kgky{ eli ~}a`kg qm`eykol+, iel ~mheweqel `elfw}lf #ikqmgy heqjmyklf+
KK, YKLDE]EL ^]WYEJE 1,5, Aelj
Aelj hml}q}y ]lielf‗]lielf QK lohoq 5> yec}l 5;;3 yelffe` 5> Lormhamq 5;;3 ymlyelf ~mqaeljel eie`ec aeiel }wece {elf hmlfckh~}l iele ieqk hew{eqejey ie`eh amly}j wkh~elel iel hml{e`}qjel jmhae`k jm~eie hew{eqejey ie`eh amly}j jqmiky iel eye} amly}j‗amly}j `ekll{e ie`eh qelfje hmlklfjeyjel yeqeb cki}~ qej{ey ael{ej #Jewhkq, 1>>9+ Aelj ie`eh }wecel{e hmhk`kjk ykfe jmfkeyel }yehe {eky} hmlfckh~}l iele, hml{e`}qjel iele iel hmhamqkjel dewe `ekll{e Jmfkeyel hmhamqkjel iel hml{e`}qjel iele hmq}~ejel jmfkeyel ~ojoj ~mqaeljel Wmielfjel jmfkeyel hmhamqkjel dewe‗dewe `ekll{e hmq}~ejel ~mli}j}lf ieqk i}e jmfkeyel wmam`}hl{e ^mlfmqykel
hmlfckh~}l
iele
ie`eh
aelj
hejw}il{e
eie`ec
hmlf}h~}`jel iel hmlgeqk iele #}elf+ imlfel geqe hmham`k ieqk hew{eqejey `}ew ie`eh amly}j wkh~elel fkqo, yea}lfel iel im~owkyo Wyqeymfk aelj ie`eh hmlfckh~}l iele eie`ec imlfel hmhamqkjel qelfwelfel amq}~e ae`ew dewe {elf hmleqkj iel hmlf}ly}lfjel {eky} amq}~e a}lfe Jmfkeyel hml{e`}qjel iele eie`ec jmfkeyel hm`mh~eqjel jmhae`k iele {elf ik~mqo`mc `mvey wkh~elel fkqo, yea}lfel iel im~owkyo jmhew{eqejey ie`eh amly}j ~kldehel #jqmiky+ Ie`eh ~mhamqkel jqmiky, leweaec ejel ikjmlejel a}lfe ~kldehel iel ake{e eihklkwyqewk Dewe‗dewe ~mqaeljel `ekll{e hmq}~ejel dewe ~mli}j}lf eye} ~m`mlfje~ jmfkeyel ~mqaeljel Ce` klk hmq}~ejel }wece aelj }ly}j hmli}j}lf jm`elgeqel jmfkeyel hmlfckh~}l iel hml{e`}qjel iele Eie~}l golyoc ieqk dewe‗dewe ~mqaeljel `ekll{e wm~mqyk yqelwbmq, j`kqklf, jeqy} jqmiky, jeqy} imaky, webm im~owky aos, @myymq ob Gqmiky #@/G+ iel `ekl(`ekll{e Jm}ly}lfel ~eie aelj ik~mqo`mc ieqk wm`kwkc a}lfe wkh~elel {elf ikamqkjel jm~eie ~ml{kh~el imlfel a}lfe ~kldehel eye} jqmiky {elf ikwe`}qjel Jm}ly}lfel ieqk wm`kwkc a}lfe klk ikjmle` imlfel kwyk`ec w~qmei aewmi
3
1,1, Jeqy} Jqmiky
Jeqy} jqmiky eie`ec e`ey ~mhae{eqel imlfel hmlff}lejel jeqy} {elf ie~ey ikf}lejel }ly}j hm`ej}jel ~mhae{eqel eyew jmvedkael {elf ykha}` ieqk w}ey} jmfkeyel mjolohk, ymqhew}j yqelwejwk ~mham`eldeel iel }ly}j hm`ej}jel ~mleqkjel y}lek ikhele jmvedkael ~mhae{eqel ~mhmfelf jeqy} ik~ml}ck ymq`makc iec}`} o`mc ~mlmqaky eye} egu}kqmq, iel ~mhmfelf jeqy} amqjmvedkael hm`ej}jel ~m`}lewel jmvedkael ~mhae{eqel ymqwma}y ~eie delfje vejy} ymqymly} wmgeqe wmje`kf}w eye}~}l wmgeqe elfw}qel wmym`ec jeqy} ikf}lejel wmaefek e`ey ~mhae{eqel Jmael{ejel jeqy} jqmiky hmhk`kjk }j}qel {elf wehe {eky} amq}j}qel ~eldelf 3,= gh iel `maeq =,9 gh, wm~mqyk {elf ym`ec ikw~mwkbkjewkjel o`mc wyelieq KWO 635> 1,7, Jolwm~ ^mheweqel Dewe 1,7,5, ^mheweqel
^mheweqel eie`ec ~qowmw ~mqmlgeleel iel ~m`ejweleel ~mhkjkqel, ~mlmye~el ceqfe, ~qohowk, wmqye ~ml{e`}qel fefewel, aeqelf, iel dewe }ly}j hmlgk~yejel ~mqy}jeqel {elf hmhml}ck weweqel‗weweqel klikrki} iel oqfelkwewk #Ewowkewk ^mheweqel Ehmqkje ie`eh Joy`mq, 1>>9+ Hml}q}y Joy`mq " Eqhwyqolf #1>>5+ ~mheweqel hmq}~ejel w}ey} ~qowmw wowke` iel heledmqke` {elf hmha}ey klikrki} iel jm`oh~oj hmh~mqo`mc e~e {elf hmqmje a}y}cjel iel klfkljel `mvey ~mlgk~yeel iel ~mqy}jeqel ykhae` ae`kj ~qoi}j iel lk`ek imlfel oqelf `ekl Wyelyol ie`eh Elfk~oqe #1>>1+ hmlimbklkwkjel ~mheweqel eyew ~mlfmqykel amqkj}y 4 5 Ie`eh eqykel jmhew{eqejeyel 4 ^mheweqel eie`ec wmyke~ jmfkeyel y}jeq‗hml}jeq {elf amqy}d}el }ly}j hmh}ewjel jmklfklel hel}wke 1 Ie`eh eqykel akwlkw 4 ^mheweqel eie`ec wma}ec wkwymh ieqk jmfkeyel akwlkw {elf ikqelgelf }ly}j
hmqmlgelejel,
hmhamqk
ceqfe,
hmh~qohowkjel
iel
hmlikwyqka}wkjel dewe, wmqye aeqelf‗aeqelf ~mh}ew jmklfklel ~eweq }ly}j jm~mlyklfel ~eweq
;
[etki
#1>>=+
hmldm`ewjel
aecve
~mheweqel
hmq}~ejel
~mlfc}a}lf elyeqe oqfelkwewk imlfel jolw}hmll{e ^mqel ~mlfc}a}lf klk ejel amqcewk` ak`e wmh}e }~e{e ~mheweqel ikoqkmlyewkjel jm~eie ~eweq Wm`ekl ky} d}fe ik~mq`}jel jmymq`kaeyel ieqk wmh}e ~kcej, aekj ieqk heledmhml ~}lgej cklffe jeq{evel lol heledmqke`, ie`eh hmq}h}wjel he}~}l hmli}j}lf ~m`ejweleel ~mheweqel 1,7,1, Dewe
@orm`ogj " Vqkfcy #1>>=+ hmldm`ewjel dewe hm`e`}k i}e ~mlimjeyel, {eky} 4 5 Dewe eie`ec ykliejel eye} jklmqde {elf ikyeveqjel w}ey} ~kcej jm~eie ~kcej `ekll{e Ve`e}~}l ~qowmwl{e h}lfjkl ymqjeky imlfel ~qoi}j bkwkj, jklmqdel{e ~eie ieweql{e ykiej l{eye iel akewel{e ykiej hmlfcewk`jel jm~mhk`kjel eyew bejyoq‗bejyoq ~qoi}jwk 1 Dewe eie`ec jmfkeyel mjolohk {elf hmlgk~yejel iel hmhamqk helbeey aefk ~m`elffel ~eie vejy} iel ymh~ey ymqymly}, wmaefek cewk` ieqk ykliejel hmv}d}ijel ~mq}aecel {elf ikklfkljel ie`eh ikqk(eye} eyew lehe( ~mlmqkhe dewe ymqwma}y Ydk~yolo #5;;2+ hml{ma}yjel ymqie~ey mh~ey jeqejmyqkwykj dewe, {eky} 4 5 Klyelfkak`ky{, eqykl{e dewe ykiej ie~ey ik`kcey, ikqewejel, ikqeae, ikgk}h eye} ikimlfeq wmam`}h dewe ymqwma}y ikam`k 1 Klwm~eqeak`ky{, eqykl{e elyeqe wk ~mham`k dewe imlfel wk ~mld}e` dewe we`klf amqjekyel 7 Reqkeak`ky{, eqykl{e dewe welfey amqwkbey reqkeam` jeqmle hmq}~ejel lolwyelieqiktmi o}y~}y, eqykl{e ael{ej reqkewk amly}j, j}e`kyew iel
dmlkw, ymqfely}lf ~eie wke~e, je~el iel ikhele dewe ikcewk`jel 9 ^mqkwceak`ky{, eqykl{e dewe hmq}~ejel johoikyew ykiej yecel `ehe iel ykiej ie~ey ikwkh~el 1,7,7, ^mheweqel Dewe
Ydk~yolo ie`eh [elyk #1>>9+ hmlfmh}jejel aecve ~mheweqel dewe hmq}~ejel akwlkw {elf welfey joh~`mjw ikwmaeajel o`mc ael{ejl{e m`mhml
{elf
hmh~mlfeq}ckl{e
^mheweqel
dewe
hmha}y}cjel
5>
~mheweqel mjwymqle` #~mqwke~el dewe, ~mlmye~el ceqfe, ikwyqka}wk iel ~qohowk+, ~mheweqel klymqle` #hm`eykc iel hmhoykrewk jeq{evel+, iel ~qohowk
klymqejykb
#klymqejwk
elyeq
jolw}hml
imlfel
jeq{evel
~mq}weceel+ E`he #1>>1+ hmlfmh}jejel aecve e~eak`e ~mlie~eyel wmwmoqelf hmlklfjey eie jmgmlimq}lfel }ly}j hmh~mqamweq ~mlfm`}eqel }ly}j hmham`k dewe O`mc wmaea ky}, ~mheweqel dewe hejkl `ehe wmhejkl hmldeik ~mlyklf 1,7,9, Ae}qel ^mheweqel Dewe
Ae}qel ~mheweqel #heqjmyklf hks+ eie`ec wm~mqelfjey e`ey ~mheweqel {elf ikf}lejel ~mq}weceel }ly}j ymq}w hmlmq}w hmlge~ek y}d}el ~mheweqell{e ik ~eweq weweqel #Joy`mq, 1>>9+ M`mhml ~eie ae}qel ~mheweqel ymqikqk ieqk wmh}e reqkeam` {elf akwe ikjolyqo` iel ik~ejek }ly}j hmh}ewjel jolw}hml weweqel Ae}qel {elf w}iec ikjmle` ymqikqk ieqk mh~ey m`mhml {eky} ~qoi}j #~qoi}gy+, ceqfe #~qkgm+, ymh~ey #~`egm+, iel ~qohowk #~qohoykol+, wm~mqyk ikdm`ewjel HgGeqyc{ ie`eh Joy`mq #1>>9+ Imlfel wmikjky ~ml{mw}ekel m`mhml(m`mhml klk d}fe ~mlyklf ie`eh ~mheweqel dewe Ejel ymye~k, ymqjeky imlfel wkbey dewe {elf klyelfka`m heje hmlioqolf ~eqe ~mheweq dewe }ly}j hmhew}jjel reqkeam` yehaecel wmc}a}lfel imlfel }~e{el{e }ly}j amqjoh}lkjewk
iel hmh}ewjel jolw}hml #[etki, 1>>=+ Imlfel imhkjkel hmha}ey ae}qel ~mheweqel dewe hmldeik `makc joh~`mjw {elf ikjmle` imlfel 3^, {eky} ymqikqk ieqk #@orm`ogj " Vqkfcy, 1>>=+ 4 e ^qoi}j #^qoi}gy+ Heledmq ceq}w hmhk`kc bky}q(bky}q ~qoi}j klyk #aekj aeqelf eye} dewe+ iel amamqe~e m`mhml dewe ~m`mlfje~ {elf hmlfm`k`klfkl{e, imlfel hmq}d}j helbeey {elf ikklfkljel ~m`elffel iel wmamqe~e yklffk ie{e weklf
~qoi}j
ymqwma}y
Wmh}e
joh~olml
jklmqde
dewe
{elf
hmlgk~yejel lk`ek aefk ~m`elffel Golyocl{e bmey}qm bkwkj aeqelf, yklfjey j}e`kyew, ewmwoqkw ~mha}lfj}w, feqelwk iel ~mlmly}el hmqmj
55
a Ymh~ey iel Vejy} #^`egm+ ^mlfkqkhel m`mhml ~qoi}j jm ~m`elffel hm`kaeyjel jm~}y}wel ymlyelf ymh~ey iel vejy} ~mlfkqkhel iel h}lfjkl hm`kaeyjel we`}qel ikwyqka}wk bkwkj eye} m`mjyqolkj #eye} jmi}el{e+, amqfely}lf ~eie wkbey dewe {elf ikamqkjel ^mq}weceel ie~ey hmlfkqkhjel dewe jm~eie ~m`elffel wmgeqe `elfw}lf eye} hm`e`}k oqfelkwewk ~mqelyeqe g ^qowmw #^qogmww+ ]ly}j hmlgk~yejel iel hml{eh~ekjel m`mhml ~qoi}j jm~eie ~m`elffel ik~mq`}jel imwekl iel kh~`mhmlyewk ieqk ~qowmw {elf mbmjykb Wma}ec ~qowmw hmldm`ewjel hmyoim iel }q}yel jmqde ieqk wkwymh {elf
amqo~mqewk ^qowmw
{elf
imwekll{e a}q}j
ejel
hmlffelff} ~m`elffel jeqmle jmymq`ehaeyel i ^qoi}jykrkyew iel J}e`kyew #^qoi}gykrky{ eli U}e`ky{+ ^qoi}jykrkyew hmq}~ejel }j}qel wmamqe~e amweq ~mlf}aecel kl~}y dewe hmldeik o}y~}y {elf hmlehaec lk`ek aefk ~mq}weceel J}e`kyew hmlffehaeqjel wmde}c hele w}ey} dewe hmh}ewjel ~m`elffel imlfel hmhml}ck jma}y}cel, jmklfklel, iel ceqe~el hmqmje ^qoi}jykrkyew iel j}e`kyew ceq}w ik`kcey wmaefek i}e wkwk heye }elf Ykiej eie ~mq}weceel {elf welff}~ hmlelfelk klk wmlikqk(wmlikqk ^oi}jykrkyew welfey ~mlyklf }ly}j hmldefe efeq ake{e ymye~ ymqjmlie`k iel j}e`kyew dewe amq~mqel ~mlyklf aefk ikbmqmlwkewk ~qoi}j iel aefk ~mhamly}jel `o{e`kyew ~m`elffel m Oqelf #^mo~`m+ Ael{ej dewe ~eie klymqejwk `elfw}lf iel ~qkaeik elyeqe ~m`elffel iel jeq{evel ~mq}weceel Wkbey ieqk klymqejwk klk welfey hmh~mlfeq}ck ~mqwm~wk ~m`elffel ymqceie~ j}e`kyew dewe ^m`elffel wmqklf hmlk`ek j}e`kyew dewe {elf hmqmje ymqkhe amqieweqjel ~mlk`ekel ymqceie~ oqelf(oqelf {elf hml{mikejel dewe ymqwma}y b ^qohowk #^qohoykol+ Ie`eh ~mheweqel ykiej eie wey}~}l ~qofqeh ~mheweqel ie~ey amqcewk` yel~e eiel{e ~qofqeh joh}lkjewk mbmjykb {elf hmhamqkjel ~qohowk wmje`kf}w mi}jewk Joh}lkjewk mbmjykb ymqwma}y ie~ey ikweh~ekjel o`mc
51
oqelf(oqelf wm~mqyk ymlefe ~mld}e` eye} hm`e`}k amqaefek hegeh hmike f A}jyk Bkwkj #^c{wkge` Mrkielgm+ A}jyk bkwkj hmq}~ejel ~my}ld}j rkw}e` eye} amqv}d}i `ekll{e {elf hmhamqk a}jyk eyew j}e`kyew dewe ^mq}weceel ~mq`} ceyk(ceyk ie`eh hmlfm`o`e jeqmle ie~ey hmh~mlfeq}ck jmwel ~m`elffel c Ceqfe iel Ake{e Dewe `ekll{e #^qkgm+ Ceqfe iel joh~olml ak{e dewe `ekll{e hmh~mq`kceyjel jm~eie heledmhml amqaefek ake{e {elf ikykha}`jel ~m`elffel ie`eh hmh~mqo`mc helbeey w}ey} ~qoi}j dewe 1,7,=, Wmfhmlyeykol, Yeqfmyklf iel ^owkykolklf #WY^+ E, Wmfhmlyeykol
Whkyc
ie`eh
Elfk~oqe
#1>>1+
hmlfmh}jejel
aecve
wmfhmlyewk ~eweq hmq}~ejel ~mhaefkel ieqk ~eweq wmgeqe jmwm`}q}cel ie`eh jm`oh~oj(jm`oh~oj wmw}ek imlfel jma}y}cel iel gkqk(gkqk jolw}hml Wmfhmlyewk hmh}lfjkljel oqfelkwewk dewe heh~} hml{mw}ekjel ymjlkw ~mleveqel, o~mqewk eye} ~mlff}leel dewe eye} ~m`e{elel {elf `makc aekj, wmqye ~m`eykcel {elf ikyeveqjel o`mc w}~~`kmq iel imlfel ceqfe {elf ie~ey ik~mqge{e Reqkeam`‗reqkeam` {elf ie~ey ikf}lejel }ly}j hmlwmfhmlyewkjel ~eweq hml}q}y Joy`mq #1>>9+ ymqikqk ieqk wmfhmlyewk fmofqebkw, imhofqebkw, ~wkjofqebkw, iel ~mqk`ej} A, Yeqfmyklf Yeqfmyklf hmq}~ejel jmfkeyel {elf amqkwk iel hmlk`ek wmqye
hmhk`kc wey} ieqk wmfhml ~eweq {elf ejel ikhew}jk o`mc w}ey} ~mq}weceel Ie`eh hmhk`kc wmfhml hele {elf ikdeikjel weweqel, ~mq}weceel ie~ey hmhk`kc }ly}j hmh}weyjel ~mqceykel ~eie wey} wmfhml, amamqe~e wmfhml, ~qoi}j {elf w~mwkbkj, ~eweq {elf w~mwkbkj, eye} wm`}q}c ~eweq #Joy`mq, 1>>9+ ^mq`} ik~mqceykjel aecve ~mq}weceel ie`eh hmhk`kc ~eweq weweqel ykiej `m~ew ieqk yelff}lf devea wowke` jeqmle ~mlmye~el ~eweq weweqel ykiej cel{e wmheye(heye
57
}ly}j jm~mlyklfel ~mq}weceel ymye~k d}fe jm~mlyklfel hmqmje {elf ikdeikjel weweqel G, ^owkykolklf ^owkykolklf eie`ec ykliejel hmqelgelf yeveqel iel gkyqe
~mq}weceel wmcklffe hmlmh~eyk w}ey} ~owkwk {elf ymqamiejel #ik elyeqe ~mweklf+ ikamlej ~m`elffel weweqell{e #Joy`mq, 1>>9+ ^mq}weceel hmhamiejel ikqkl{e imlfel hmlf}aec jeqejymqkwykj }h}h #hmh~}l{ek jeqejymqkwykj ymqymly} {elf amie iel }lkj+ kli}wyqkl{e, wmcklffe ~mqamieel ky} hmldeik jm}lff}`el joh~mykykb Cewk` ejckq ieqk
~owkykolklf eie`ec jmamqcewk`el ~mlgk~yeel w}ey}
}w}`el lk`ek {elf ymqboj}w ~eie ~eweq, w}ey} ~mql{eyeel wmimqcele {elf dm`ew hmlfe~e ~eweq weweqel ceq}w hmham`k ~qoi}j ky} Qkmw " Yqo}y ie`eh Joy`mq #1>>9+ amq~mlie~ey aecve ~qoi}j ymqjmle` ~eie }h}hl{e hmhk`kjk w}ey} ~owkwk ymqwmlikqk ik amlej jolw}hml Imlfel hmhk`kjk ~owkwkl{e hewklf(hewklf ejel w}`ky aefk ~mweklf }ly}j hmlg}qkl{e 1,9, ^qohowk
^qohowk hmq}~ejel amqaefek jmfkeyel {elf ik`ej}jel o`mc ~mq}weceel }ly}j hmloldo`jel jmkwykhmveel‗jmkwykhmveel {elf ik`ej}jel iel hmha}d}j jolw}hml weweqel efeq hmham`kl{e #Joy`mq, 5;;6+ Wmielfjel Wgcom`` ie`eh E`he #1>>1+ hmlfmh}jejel aecve ~qohowk wmaefek }wece {elf ik`ej}jel o`mc heqjmymq, amqjoh}lkjewk imlfel ge`ol e}ikmlw Ikhele joh}lkjewk ikwklk
ikimbklkwkjel wmaefek ~qowmw hmhaefk kim, klboqhewk iel ~mqeweel e}ikmlw ^qohowk ikaefk hmldeik i}e aefkel, {eky} ~qohowk ~mld}e`el #yqeim ~qohoykol+ iel ~qohowk jolw}hml #golw}hmq ~qohoykol+ ^qohowk ~mld}e`el ik`ej}jel }ly}j hmlklfjeyjel ~mld}e`el w}ey} ~oi}j, wmielfjel ~qohowk jolw}hml ik`ej}jel }ly}j hmhamqkjel klwmlykb jm~eie jolw}hml, efeq ymye~ wmyke ymqceie~ w}ey} ~qoi}j Y}d}el }yehe ieqk ~qohowk eie`ec efeq jolw}hml hmlfmle` ~qoi}j {elf ikyeveqjel, wmym`ec hmlfmle` heje jolw}hml ejel hmh~}l{ek w}ey} jmymqyeqkjel iel ejckql{e jolw}hml ymqwma}y hmh}y}wjel }ly}j hmham`k ~qoi}j eye} aeqelf eye}~}l dewe {elf ikyeveqjel Eie~}l ce`‗
59
ce` ~mlyklf {elf ceq}w ik~mqceykjel ie`eh ~qohowk {eky} wke~e, e~e {elf ikweh~ekjel, iky}d}jel ~eie wke~e, hmike ~qohowk iel d}fe y}d}el Wckh~ #5;;;+ hmldm`ewjel eie ykfe jma}y}cel {elf ceq}w ikyoldo`jel ie`eh hm`ej}jel ~qohowk Jma}y}cel {elf hmha}ey jolw}hml hmqewe {ejkl aecve ~qoi}j ymqwma}y akwe hmhml}ck jmklfklell{e Eie~}l jma}y}cel {elf ikhejw}i {eky} 4 5 Jma}y}cel B}lfwkole` Jma}y}cel b}lfwkole` amq}wece }ly}j hml{mikejel wo`}wk aefk hewe`ec‗hewe`ec jolw}hwk eye} ~oymlwk ~mqhewe`ecel {elf ie~ey ikceie~k o`mc jolw}hml, imlfel hmlfjoh}lkjewkjel aecve w}ey} hmqmj hmhk`kjk helbeey w~mwkbkj {elf ie~ey hmhmgecjel hewe`ec‗hewe`ec ymqwma}y 1 Jma}y}cel Wkhako`kw Jma}y}cel wkhako`kw ikeqecjel jm~eie jmklfklel jolw}hml ie`eh }~e{e hmh~mqaekjk ikqk, ikceqfek wmaefek elffoye ieqk w}ey} jm`oh~oj Jma}y}cel klk ikf}lejel }ly}j hmlfewowkewkjel jmf}leel hmqmj imlfel jm`oh~oj, ~mqel, eye} gkyqe ikqk {elf ikkklfkljel 7 Jma}y}cel Mjw~mqkmlye` ^eie jma}y}cel mjw~mqkmlye`, jolw}hml hmq}~ejel qm~qmwmlyewk ieqk jmklfklel hmqmje ejel ~qow}j {elf ie~ey hmhamqkjel qewe wmlelf, jmelmjeqefehel iel wykh}`ewk joflkykb Mjw~mqkmlye` hmh~qohowkjel kj`ell{e wmaefek w}ey} {elf kwykhmve iel hmh~}l{ek gkye qewe yklffk ^qohowk, jc}w}wl{e ie`eh kli}wyqk qkym`, ie~ey ikaefk hmldeik i}e aefkel, {eky} 4 5 Eaorm Ycm @klm Amly}j ~qohowk eaorm ycm `klm hmq}~ejel amly}j ~qohowk {elf hmlff}lejel weqele ~qohowk amq}~e hmike yqeikwole` wmaefek weqele ~ml{eh~ekel ~mwel {elf mbmjykb Amly}j ~qohowk klk akewel{e amqamly}j johkwk aefk efml ~mld}e`el, hmlff}lejel hmike hewwe wm~mqyk ym`mrkwk, qeiko, joqel, bk`h, wmqye ~mhaefkel aqow}q 1, Am`ov Ycm @klm
Amly}j ~qohowk {elf ik`ej}jel ykiej wm~mqyk akewel{e iel ik`ej}jel wmgeqe ykiej `elfw}lf ^qohowk am`ov ycm `klm klk amqwkbey ymqwm`}a}lf iel
5=
yel~e hmlff}lejel hmike, imlfel y}d}el hmhaelf}l gkyqe ~owkykb w}ey} ~qoi}j ^qohowk klk ie~ey amqamly}j ~mhamqkel yehaecel ~eie dewe {elf ik`ej}jel o`mc ymlefe ~mld}e`, ~mhamqkel w~olwoqwck~ ~eie w}ey} jmfkeyel, hm`ejwelejel jmfkeyel wowke`, ~ehmqel‗~ehmqel, ~mhamqkel golyoc fqeykw, ~mhamqkel }elf y}lek/ceikec `elfw}lf iel wmaefekl{e 1,=, Ae}qel ^qohowk
Ae}qel ~qohowk #~qohoykol hks+ hmlffehaeqjel geqe‗geqe jqmeykb {elf hmh~mlfeq}ck jolw}hml ie`eh hm`ej}jel ~mham`kel ~qoi}j eye} dewe Joy`mq #1>>>+ hmlfmh}jejel aecve ae}qel ~qohowk wmaefek hmike joh}lkjewk ~mheweqel hmhk`kjk `khe jmfkeyel }yehe, {eky} ~mqkj`elel #eirmqykwklf+, ~mld}e`el wmgeqe ~mqwole` #~mqwole` wm``klf+, ~qohowk ~mld}e`el #we`mw ~qohoykol+, ~}a`kwkyew iel c}a}lfel hew{eqejey #~}a`kgky{ eli ~}a`kg qm`eykolw+, ~mheweqel `elfw}lf #ikqmgy heqjmyklf+ 1,=,5, ^mqkj`elel
^mqkj`elel hmq}~ejel wmh}e amly}j ~ml{edkel iel ~qohowk lol~mqwole` eyew kim, aeqelf eye} dewe {elf ik`ej}jel o`mc ~mq}weceel w~olwoq ymqymly} #Joy`mq, 1>>>+ Kj`el ikf}lejel o`mc ~mq}weceel f}le hmlfklboqhewkjel, hmleqkj, iel hmh~mlfeq}ck oqelf Yel~e kj`el, ~eqe ~qoi}wml iel ikwyqka}yoq ykiej ejel ie~ey hmld}e` aeqelfl{e Wmielfjel ikwkwk `ekl, ~eqe ~mham`k ykiej ejel hmh~}l{ek g}j}~ klboqhewk hmlfmlek ~qoi}j‗~qoi}j aeqelf iel dewe {elf ymqwmike ik ~eweqel Kj`el {elf ikweh~ekjel wmaekjl{e ikqeh} wmimhkjkel q}~e wmcklfffe ~mwel {elf ikweh~ekjel h}iec ikgmqle iel ikhmlfmqyk hew{eqejey, iel hmlfeli}lf klboqhewk {elf amleq E`he #1>>1+ hmldm`ewjel yk~m‗yk~m ieqk eirmqykwklf wmaefek amqkj}y4 5 ^qkgm Eirmqykwklf {eky} ~mqkj`elel {elf hmloldo`jel ceqfe {elf hmleqkj 1, Aqeli Eirmqykwklf {elf hmhamqkjel kh~qmwk ymlyelf lehe aqeli
jm~eie ~mhaege eye} ~mlimlfeql{e 7, U}e`ky{ Eirmqykwklf {elf hmlgoae hmlgk~yejel kh~qmwk aecve ~qoi}j {elf ikqmj`ehmjel hmh~}l{ek h}y} {elf yklffk
52
9, ^qoi}gy Eirmqykwklf amq}wece hmh~mlfeq}ck jolw}hml imlfel
bemiec(bemiec ieqk ~mhejekel w}ey} ~qoi}j =, Klwyky}ykole` Eirmqykwklf {eky} hmloldo`jel lehe ieqk ~mq}weceel
imlfel ceqe~el efeq jolw}hml hmh~}l{ek jmwel hmlie`eh ymlyelf ~mq}weceel ymqwma}y, wmcklffe klk hmq}~ejel dehklel h}y} 2, ^qmwykfm Eirmqykwklf {elf amq}wece hmhamqkjel bewckol ~eie w}ey}
~qoi}j eye} hmlioqolf hew{eqejey hmlfewowkewkjel ~qoi}j ymqwma}y imlfel jmje{eel eye} jmi}i}jel ^mlff}leel ~qohowk imlfel kj`el ie~ey ik`ej}jel imlfel amqaefek hmike, wm~mqyk `mvey 4 e ^mhewelfel ak``aoeqi ik de`el‗de`el wyqeymfkw: a ^mlgmyejel aqow}q aekj ikwmaeqjel ikwmyke~ geaelf eye} ik ~}wey ~mqam`eldeel: g ^mhewelfel w~eli}j ik`ojewk ymqymly} {elf wyqeymfkw: i ^mhewelfel hm`e`}k hmike hewwe wm~mqyk joqel eye} hede`ec: m ^mhewelfel hm`e`}k hmike m`mjyqolkj wm~mqyk ym`mrkwk iel qeiko: b iel hmlff}lejel hmike `ekll{e ^mqykhaelfel ~mlff}leel hmike {elf ejel ik~ejek }ly}j ~mhewelfel kj`el ikw}ey} hmike {eky} 4 #5+ delfje}el hmike {elf ejel ikf}lejel, #1+ weweqel eye} jolw}hml {elf ejel iky}d}, #7+ ie{e yeqkj {elf ikhk`kjk o`mc hewklf‗hewklf hmike, iel #9+ ake{e {elf ikjm`}eqjel Y}d}el ieqk ~mlff}leel iel ~mhk`kcel hmike kj`el welfey ymqfely}lf ieqk y}d}el ~mq}weceel Hewklf‗hewklf hmike hmhk`kjk y}d}el {elf amqamie Ymqie~ey amamqe~e y}d}el ~mlff}leel kj`el wmaefek hmike ~qohowk {eky} 4 e ]ly}j ~mhamqkyec}el ymlyelf wmfe`e wmw}ey} {elf amqjekyel imlfel dewe {elf ikyeveqjel o`mc ~mq}weceel Wm~mqyk ~m`}lg}qel ~qoi}j aeq}, jm}ly}lfel iel jm`makcel w}ey} ~qoi}j eye} klboqhewk `ekll{e a Hmlfklfeyjel jmhae`k jm~eie jolw}hml ymlyelf jmamqeieel iel jm}lff}`el dewe aelj {elf ikyeveqjel g Hmleqkj ~mqceykel iel hkley ~eqe ~eqe ge`ol ~mham`k imlfel ceqe~el ejel hmh~mqo`mc ie{e yeqkj ieqk ge`ol ~mham`k
56
i Hmh~mlfeq}ck jolw}hml ieqk ~mq}weceel ~mweklf efeq amq~kliec jm ~mq}weceel jkye m Hmlfmlie~jel ~mqk`ej} ^mqk`ej} jolw}hml ie~ey ikamly}j hm`e`}k kj`el b Hmhaely} mjw~elwk ~eweq 1,=,1, ^mld}e`el ^mqwole` #^mqwole` Wm``klf+ ^mqwole` wm``klf hmq}~ejel joh}lkjewk i}e eqec elyeqe jeq{evel
dewe imlfel ~m`elffel {elf ikqelgelf }ly}j `elfw}lf hmh~mlfeq}ck ~qowmw ~mham`kel #@orm`ogj " Vqkfcy, 1>>=+ Ikhele wkbey `elfw}lf ieqk ~mqwole` wm``klf hmh}lfjkljel vejk` ~mld}e`el hml{mw}ekjel ~mwel
ymqwma}y efeq gogoj imlfel jma}y}cel iel jmklfklel ymqymly} hewklf‗ hewklf ~m`elffel Hm`e`}k ~mqwole` wm``klf jma}y}cel‗jma}y}cel ie~ey ikkimlykbkjewk,
~mqyel{eel
ie~ey
ikdevea,
iel
wmfe`e
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ik~mgecjel Joy`mq #1>>>+ hmlfmh}jejel aecve ~mqwole` wm``klf hmq}~ejel ~mqelfjey {elf ~e`klf mbmjykb ie`eh yece~el `eld}yel ieqk ~qowmw ~mham`kel jc}w}wl{e }ly}j hmhaelf}l ~qmbmqmlwk, jm{ejklel iel ykliejel ieqk wmyke~ ~mham`kel ^mqwole` wm``klf ik`ej}jel wmaefek ~m`mlfje~ ~mlfkj`elel jeqmle ce` ky} ik`ej}jel wmgeqe klikrki}e` iel ik`ej}jel o`mc wyeb ~mheweqel wmgeqe `elfw}lf, a}jel hm`e`}k hmike hewwe ]wece ~mld}e`el `elfw}lf ie`eh ~qejykj ejel amqreqkewk ymqfely}lf e~ejec ~qoi}j {elf ikd}e` ky} hmq}~ejel aeqelf jolw}hwk, aeqelf kli}wyqke` eye} aeqelf dewe Amly}j‗amly}j ~mqwole` wm``klf {elf ikjmle` wmgeqe feqkw amweq eie`ec wmaefek amqkj}y 4 5 Ik yojo eye} ~}wey ~mqam`eldeel, 1 Co}wm yo co}wm wm``klf, 7 ^mld}e` {elf iky}fewjel o`mc ~miefelf amweq }ly}j hmlfc}a}lfk ~miefelf mgmqel 9 ^mld}e` {elf iky}fewjel o`mc ~qoi}wml }ly}j hmlfc}a}lfk ~miefelf amweq/~miefelf mgmqel
53
= ^mhkh~kl ~mq}weceel amqj}ld}lf jm~eie `elffelel‗`elffelel {elf ~mlyklf 2 ^mld}e` {elf ymq`eykc wmgeqe ymjlkw hmlf}ld}lfk ~eqe jolw}hml kli}wyqk }ly}j hmhamqkjel lewmcey iel aely}el Eie~}l jm}ly}lfel ie`eh hm`ejwelejel ~mqwole` wm``klf eie`ec wmaefek amqkj}y 4 5 @makc h}iec ikwmw}ekjel ie`eh geqe hmld}e`l{e imlfel jmklfklel jolw}hml {elf ikjmyec}k ieqk qmejwk jolw}hml ymqceie~ aeqelf {elf ik~qohowkjel 1 Vkqelkefe ie~ey `elfw}lf hmlfeiejel ~mld}e`el ~eie weey ymqdeik jolyej imlfel ge`ol ~mham`k 7 Ie~ey hmhamqkjel deveael eyew ~mqyel{eel ge`ol ~mham`k iel hmhamqkjel ~mldm`ewel eyew jmamqeyel(jmamqeyell{e wmqye imlfel jmec`kell{e ie~ey hmha}y ge`ol ~mham`k {elf wmh}`e ykiej ymqyeqkj ejel hmham`k aeqelf ymqwma}y 9 Ie~ey hmhaely} ge`ol ~mham`k ie`eh hmhamqkjel ~my}ld}j/lewkcey hmlfmlek aeqelf {elf ejel ikam`k 1,=,7, ^qohowk ^mld}e`el
^qohowk ~mld}e`el eie`ec klwmlykb delfje ~mlimj {elf ikyeveqjel jm~eie ~m`elffel iel ~mqelyeqe }ly}j hmqelfwelf ~mham`kel ~qoi}j #@orm`ogj " Vqkfcy, 1>>=+ Imlfel jmfkeyel ~qohowk ~mld}e`el ikceqe~jel ie~ey hmh~mqgm~ey jm~}y}wel ~mham`kel iel hmhoykrewk ~m`elffel hmlff}lejel dewe ymqymly} `makc gm~ey, ie`eh ro`}hm {elf `makc amweq ~eie wmyke~ ~mham`kel, eye} `makc wmqklf Ejkaey ieqk ael{ejl{e hmqmj(hmqmj aeq} {elf hmhew}jk ~eweq, heje jmfkeyel ~qohowk ~mld}e`el wmhejkl ikqewejel ~mlyklf jeqmle e`ey klk ael{ej ikf}lejel }ly}j hmhakle ~mld}e`el hmqj(hmqj aeq} #Elfk~oqe, 1>>1+ Amqaefek geqe {elf ikyeveqjel ~eie ~qohowk ~mld}e`el wm~mqyk hmhamqk weh~`m fqeykw, j}~ol, qeaey, ikwjol, ~qmhk, jolymw, yqeiklf wyeh~w, imholwyqewk, aol}w, ceikec }elf, iel `ekl `ekl
5;
Eie~}l y}d}el ikf}lejel ~qohowk ~mld}e`el aefk ~mq}weceel eie`ec wmaefek amqkj}y 4 5 Hmleqkj ~mham`k aeq} 1 Hmhamqk ceikec/~mlfceqfeel jm~eie jolw}hml(jolw}hml/ `elffelel `ehe 7 Hmlklfjeyjel ie{e am`k }`elf ieqk jolw}hml `ehe 9 Hmlfcklieqjel jolw}hml `eqk jm hmqmj `ekl = Hmh~o~}`mqjel hmqmj/hmlklfjeyjel `o{e`kyew 1,=,9, ^}a`kwkyew iel C}a}lfel Hew{eqejey
^}a`kwkyew hmq}~ejel we`ec wey} e`ey ~qohowk {elf g}j}~ ~oymlwke` iel hmlf}ly}lfjel ie`eh hmlfjoh}lkjewkjel ~qoi}j aeqelf eye} dewe ^}a`kwkyew hmh~}l{ek jmweheel imlfel kj`el, ikhele jmi}e e`ey ~qohowk klk wehe‗wehe hmlffehaeqjel joh}lkjewk hewwe Ye~k {elf hmhamiejel jmi}e e`ey ~qohowk klk {eky} ~eie ~}a`kwkyew ykiej hmlfm`}eqjel ake{e }ly}j hm`ej}jel jmfkeyell{e Ce` klk ymly}l{e welfey hmlf}ly}lfjel aefk ~mq}weceel jeqmle ~mq}weceel wmgeqe oyoheykw ymq~qohowkjel imlfel g}he(g}he ^}a`kwkyew ie~ey ikh}ey ie`eh hmike wmgeqe fqeykw jeqmle ~mqvejk`el ieqk hmike hmlfelffe~ klboqhewk ymqwma}y ~mlyklf iel `e{ej }ly}j ikweh~ekjel ~eie jce`e{ej qehek Golyoc ieqk ~}a`kwkyew ie~ey amq}~e mikyoqke` {elf ikyeh~k`jel ~eie hmike hewwe hmlfmlek ~qoi}j aeqelf eye}~}l dewe ieqk ~mq}weceel C}a}lfel hew{eqejey hmq}~ejel hmikeyoq {elf amqeie elyeqe ~mq}weceel imlfel ~}a`kjl{e, aekj ie`eh }~e{e hmhakle c}a}lfel hew{eqejey klymqle` he}~}l mjwymqle` Amly}j jmfkeyel joh}lkjewk i}e eqec hmq}~ejel gkqk jcew ieqk b}lfwk iel ~mqelel c}a}lfel hew{eqejey C}a}lfel
hew{eqejey
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~mq}weceel
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jolbqmlwk
~mqw,
hm`ejwelejel egeqe‗egeqe jc}w}w, iel hmlw~olwoqk ejykrkyew {elf `e{ej ik`k~}y {elf ik`ej}jel o`mc ~kcej jmykfe
1>
Wmgeqe
feqkw
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~mq}weceel amq~mqel wmaefek 4 5 Gohh}lkgeyoq Eqykl{e jmheh~}el wmaefek joh}lkjeyoq aekj wmgeqe `elfw}lf he}~}l ykiej `elfw}lf, hm`e`}k hmike gmyej ey}~}l m`mjyqolkj iel `kwel #w~ojm ~mqwol+ eye} yeye~ h}je d}fe wmaefekl{e Ikweh~klf ky} d}fe amqykliej wmaefek hmikeyoq iel wmje`kf}w ~mqw}eioq 1 Qm`eykolwck~ Jmheh~}el ~mqel c}hew }ly}j hmhaelf}l c}a}lfel {elf ~owkykb elyeqe `mhaefe {elf ikvejk`kl{e imlfel ~}a`kj klymqle` iel mjwymqle` D}fe, amq}~e{e hmlgk~yejel we`klf ~mlfmqykel, jm~mqge{eel, i}j}lfel, jmqdewehe, iel yo`mqelwk elyeqe ~mq}weceel iel ~}a`kj 7 Fooi Khefm Hejmq C}a}lfel hew{eqejey amq~mqel }ly}j hmhaelf}l kimlykyew iel gkyqe ~mq}weceel Imlfel c}a}lfel hew{eqejey heje ~mq}weceel ie~ey hmlgk~yejel kimlykyew iel gkyqe {elf ~owkykb ikheye ~}a`kj ^mq`} ik~mqceykjel aecve ie{e yeqkj ~}a`kwkyew iel c}a}lfel hew{eqejey ikieweqjel ~eie ykfe wkbey jc}w}w, {eky} #5+ jqmikak`kyew {elf yklffk, #1+ jmheh~}el hmlelfje~ ~mham`k {elf ykiej ikakikj wmam`}hl{e, iel #7+ jmheh~}el }ly}j hmliqeheykwewk w}ey} ~mq}weceel eye} ~qoi}j 1,9,=, ^mheweqel @elfw}lf
@orm`ogj " Vqkfcy #1>>=+ hmlimbklkwkjel ~mheweqel `elfw}lf wmaefek joh}lkjewk wey} eqec ieqk w}ey} ~mq}weceel jm~eie wmd}h`ec ~m`elffel weweqel hm`e`}k w}qey, ym`m~ol, bejw, eye} m(hek` ^mheweqel `elfw}lf, {elf hmlgej}~ w}qey `elfw}lf he}~}l ym`mheqjmyklf #~mheweqel hm`e`}k ym`m~ol+, iel e`ey joh}wkjewk lol~mqwole` `ekll{e hmh}lfjkljel ~mwel {elf amqwkbey ~qkaeik ikjkqkhjel jm wmfhml hkjqo {elf ikakikj wmgeqe jc}w}w Jmfkeyel ~mheweqel `elfw}lf iky}d}jel `elfw}lf jm~eie jolw}hml klikrki}e` }ly}j amqjoh}lkjewk wmgeqe `elfw}lf iel hmlie~eyjel yelffe~el `elfw}lf ieqk ~m`elffel eye} ge`ol ~m`elffel ymqymly}
15
1,2, ^mqmlgeleel ^qohowk
Mlfm` my e` ie`eh [elyk #1>>9+ hmlfmh}jejel aecve ie`eh ~mqmlgeleel ~qohowk hmlgej}~ wmqelfjekel `elfjec hmlieweq wmaefek amqkj}y 4 5 Hmlmye~jel y}d}el ~qohowk 1 Hmlmly}jel yeqfmy e}ikmlw 7 Hmlfmhaelfjel geqe {elf ejel ikymh~}c }ly}j hmlimjeyk e}ikmlw 9 Hml{}w}l boqh}`ewk wyqeymfk ~qohowk }ly}j hmlge~ek y}d}el = Hmlmly}jel e`ojewk iele ~qohowk ~eie hewklf‗hewklf reqkeam` ~qohowk {elf ikf}lejel 2 Hmlfmre`}ewk mbmjykbkyew jmfkeyel ~qohowk iel hm`ej}jel
~ml{mw}ekel
y}d}el iel wyqeymfk ak`e ikelffe~ ~mq`} 1,2,5, ^mlmye~el Y}d}el ^qohowk
Wmaefekhele y}d}el ~mq}weceel, y}d}el ~qohowk d}fe ceq}w ie~ey iko~mqewkole`jel Y}d}el ~qohowk {elf aekj wmceq}wl{e heh~} hml}ld}jel c}a}lfel ymqceie~ yklfjey ~mld}e`el `elfw}lf Eie~}l wmgeqe }h}h y}d}el ieqk jmfkeyel ~qohowk eie`ec wmaefek amqkj}y4 5 Hmhamqkyec}jel ~eweq ymlyelf w}ey} ~qoi}j aeq} eye}~}l klboqhewk yehaecel amqjmleel imlfel ~qoi}j 1 Hmlgk~yejel jmweieqel ~eie w}ey} hmqmj ik amlej jolw}hml #aqeli eveqmlmww+ 7 Hmlfmhaelfjel eye} hmlf}aec gkyqe eye} ~mqwole`kyew hmqmj eye} ~mq}weceel 9 Hmlfeqecjel
jolw}hml
}ly}j
hmham`k
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iel
hmh~mqyeceljel heqjmy ~ovmq ~mq}weceel = Hm{ejkljel jolw}hml aeve ~qoi}j hmqmje amleq‗amleq amqamie eye} aecjel `makc aekj ikaeliklfjel ~qoi}j ~mweklf 2 Hmlfmhaelfjel wkje~ ~owkykb ge`ol jolw}hml {elf ikceqe~jel ie~ey hmldeik ~mham`k ~oymlwke` ik hewe {elf ejel ieyelf 6 Hmlklfjeyjel ro`}hm ~mld}e`el delfje ~mlimj ie`eh qelfje hmh~mq`}ew heqjmy wceqm delfje ~eldelf
11
1,2,1, Kimlykbkjewk E}ikmlw Weweqel
Elfk~oqe #1>>1+ hmldm`ewjel aecve ce` ~mlyklf {elf ceq}w ik`ej}jel o`mc ~mq}weceel wmc}a}lfel imlfel jmfkeyel ~qohowk {elf ejel ik`ejwelejel {eky} hmlfkimlykbkjewk weweqel {elf dm`ew E}ikmlw weweqel h}lfjkl ymqikqk ieqk ~mham`k ~oymlwke` ~qoi}j ~mq}weceel weey klk, ~mhejek wmjeqelf, ~mlfehak`el jm~}y}wel eye} ~mhamqk ~mlfeq}c E}ikmlw ie~ey amq}~e klikrki}, jm`oh~oj, hew{eqejey ymqymly}, eye}~}l hew{eqejey }h}h Jmamqeieel e}ikmlw weweqel ejel hmh~mlfeq}ck jm~}y}wel ~mq}weceel hmlfmlek e~e {elf cmliej ikjeyejel, aefekhele geqe hmlf}ge~jell{e imlfel hmh~mqceykjel ~mqk`ej} ~mham`kel ieqk jolw}hml Ikweh~klf ky}, ~mq}weceel ~mq`} hmlfmyec}k wmgeqe dm`ew ik hele e}ikmlw jklk amqeie, iel ~eie jmeieel {elf aefekhele ika}y}cjel }ly}j ikfmqejjel 1,2,7, ^mlimjeyel Wyqeymfk ^qohowk
Ae}qel ~qohowk welfey ik~mlfeq}ck o`mc ~mhk`kcel wyqeymfk ~qohowk {elf ikymqe~jel ~mq}weceel I}e ~mlimjeyel wyqeymfk {elf ie~ey ikymqe~jel {eky} ~}wc wyqeymf{ iel ~}`` wyqeymf{ ^mlimjeyel ~}wc wyqeymf{ iky}d}jel jm~eie ~kcej‗~kcej {elf ymq`kaey ie`eh we`}qel ikwyqka}wk #wm~mqyk efml, qmyek`mq, iel vco`mwm``mq+ Wyqeymfk klk amqf}le
}ly}j hmlgej}~ ~qoi}wml {elf hmlff}lejel ymlefe ~mld}e` iel ~qohowk iefelf }ly}j hmha}d}j ~mqelyeqe w}~e{e hmlfehak`, hmh~qohowkjel iel hmld}e` ~qoi}j jm~eie ~mhejek ejckq Wmielfjel ~mlimjeyel ~}`` wyqeymf{ hmlgej}~ ~qoi}wml hmlff}lejel kj`el iel ~qohowk jolw}hml f}le hmlioqolf hmlioqolf ~mhejek ejckq }ly}j hmhklye ~qoi}j ymqwma}y jm~eie ~mqelyeqe iel imhkjkel hmlioqolf ~mqelyeqe hmhmwel ~qoi}j ky} ieqk ~qoi}wml 1,2,7, ^mqmlgeleel hmike
^mqmlgeleel hmike eie`ec wma}ec ~qowmw jm~}y}wel {elf ik`kaeyjel }ly}j hml{eh~ekjel ~mwel ~qohowk jm~eie ~eqe ~mlff}le eye} jolw}hml ~qow~mjykb ~qoi}j iel dewe ]lw}q‗}lw}q ~mqmlgeleel hmike eie`ec y}d}el hmike iel wyqeymfk hmike #Am`gc " Am`gc, 1>>5+
17
Wyqeymfk hmike ik~mq`}jel }ly}j hmlymqdmhecjel y}d}el hmike jm ie`eh ~eli}el }h}h {elf hmlfolyqo` ~qowmw wm`mjwk ~mqmlgele iel jmfkeyel hmike Yece~ wyqeymfk hmike {elf ~e`klf ~mlyklf eie`ec hmlmly}jel jeymfoqk hmike ^eie yece~ klk we`ec wey} {elf hmldeik ~mqykhaelfel eie`ec jeqejymqkwykj hmike Yeam` 1 Jeqejymqkykj Hmike Hmik}h Joqel
Ym`mrkwk
W}qey `elfw}lf
Qeiko
Hede`ec
Hmike @}eq Q}elf Klymqlmy iel hmike klymqejykb `ekll{e
Jm}lff}`el
Jm`mhecel
Jmgm~eyel ~eweq `oje`: vejy}: ikymqkhe `k~}yel wmgeqe `}ew: yklfjey jm~mqge{eel yklffk: b`mjwkak`kyew @k~}yel ~eweq hewwe` aef}w: ake{e ~mq ~e~eqel qmliec: hmlffea}lfjel~mlf`kceyel, w}eqe, iel fmqejel: hmleqkj ~elge klimqe Wm`mjykrkyew jce`e{ej yklffk: b`mjwkam`: ykiej eie ~mqweklfel kj`el ~eie hmik}h {elf wehe: hmh}lfjkljel~mqwole`kwewk ^mlmqkheel `oje` aef}w: wm`mjykrkyew fmofqebkw iel imhofqebkw yklffk: ake{e
Hewe mieq ~mlimj: j}e`kyew qm~qoi}jwk dm`mj: ~mhkliec(yelfelel jce`e{ej jmgk` Ake{e eaowo`}y amweq: jmwmhqev}yel yklffk: ~e~eqel amq`elfw}lf gm~ey: wm`mjykrkyew jce`e{ej q}elf Ake{e ~mq ~e~eqel qm`eykb yklffk: gkyqe w}qey weh~ec
qmliec
hmlimlfeq‘+: ymqbqefhmlyewk jce`e{ej Vejy} jmymqyklffe`el ~mham`kel kj`el ejel deqelf: ake{e hece`: ykiej eie dehklel ~owkwk
Wm`mjykrkyew fmofqebkw iel imhofqebk {elf yklffk: jqmikak`kyew iel ~qmwykwm: j}e`kyew qm~qoi}jwk yklffk: hewe mieq `ehe iel yklfjey jmymqaegeel aef}w B`mjwkak`kyew: jmymq~e~eqel {elf amq}`elf yklffk: ake{e qmliec ~mwel ~eweq qmliec: wm`mjykrkyew ~owkwk yklffk Wm`mjykrkyew yklffk: ake{e qmliec: jmgm~eyel vejy}: jmheh~}el klymqejykb
W}hamq 4 Joy`mq " Eqhwyqolf, 1>>9
Cel{e e}iko: jmymq~e~eql gm~ey amq`e`}: ~mqceykel qmliec #hmik}h ‐wmymlfec
Wm`mjykrkyew jce`e{ej qmliec: jm`mhecel jqmeykb
Jce`e{ej ymq~kwec wmgeqe imhofqebk, jmgk`: ieh~ej qm`eykb qmliec: jce`e{ej hmlfmlie`kjel jmymq~e~e( qel
19
Imlfel jm`makcel iel jmj}qelfel ieqk hewklf‗hewklf hmike heje hmh}lg}`jel w}ey} }wece }ly}j hmhelbeeyjel `makc ieqk wey} hmike, {elf ikwma}y imlfel hmike hks Hmike hks hmq}d}j ~eie ~mlff}leel i}e eye} `makc amly}j hmike {elf amqamie ie`eh wma}ec qmlgele ~mqkj`elel #I}qkelyo
my e`, 1>>7+ Ieweq
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hml{mikejel
yehaecel
jmwmh~eyel ~e~eqel klboqhewk hm`makck hmike {elf ~mqyehe 1,2,9, Hmyoim ^mlfelffeqel ^qohowk
Elffeqel ~qohowk hml}ld}jel yklfjey jmheh~}el ~mq}weceel }ly}j ie~ey hmhake{ek jmfkeyel ~qohowk Joy`mq #1>>9+ hmlfmh}jejel aecve ~mlfm`}eqel ~qohowk amqeie ~eie qewko ymqyklffk ymqceie~ ~mld}e`el jeqmle ik~mq`}jel }ly}j #5+ hmhamqk klboqhewk jm~eie ~mham`k ~oymlwke`, #1+ hmha}d}j oqelf }ly}j hmham`k ~qoi}j ky}, iel #7+ hmlie~eyjel ikwyqka}wk ik yojo‗yojo mgmqel ^mlmye~el elffeqel ~qohowk ik~mq`}jel, efeq
y}d}el ~qohowk
ie~ey ikge~ek Amamqe~e ymjlkj {elf ie~ey ik~mqf}lejel }ly}j hmlmly}jel elffeqel ~qohowk ejel ik}qekjel wmaefek amqkj}y #Joy`mq, 1>>>+ 4 e Hmyoim Y}d}el iel Y}few #Oadmgykrm(Yewj Hmycoi+ ^mlff}leel hmyoim klk hmhmq`}jel wmqelfjekel `elfjec {eky} 4 ~mlmly}el y}d}el ~qohowk, hmlmly}jel wyqeymfk, hmlmly}jel d}h`ec ~mlfm`}eqel {elf ika}y}cjel ie`eh kh~`mhmlyewk wyqeymfk ]ly}j hm`ej}jel d}wykbkjewk eyew elffeqel {elf ikymye~jel, heledmq ~mheweqel ceq}w hmlff}lejel ew}hwk ymqymly} {elf heh~} hmldm`ewjel ymlyelf y}d}el iel hmlfe~e ce` ky} ik`ej}jel Wckh~ #5;;;+ hmldm`ewjel aecve ~eie hmyoim klk ~eqe ~mha}ey jm~}y}wel ~mqkj`elel ceq}w dm`ew hmlw~mwkbkjewkjel ~mqel {elf klfkl ikhekljel iel klfkl ikge~ek o`mc w}ey} ~qohowk iel jmh}ikel hml{}w}l elffeqel {elf wmw}ek
1=
a Hmyoim ^mqwmlyewm ^mld}e`el #^mqgmlyefm ob We`mw+ Hmyoim
klk
welfey
wmimqcele
iel
h}iec
ik`ej}jel,imlfel
hmlff}lejel hmyoim klk heje ~mlfm`}eqel }ly}j ~qohowk ie~ey ik~mqjkqejel wmam`}hl{e Hmyoim klk hmlioqolf heledmhml }ly}j hmh~mqceykjel c}a}lfel elyeqe ake{e ~qohowk, ceqfe d}e` iel `eae ~mq }lky g Hmyoim Jmwmkhaelfel ^mqweklfel #Goh~mykykrm ^eqky{+ Hmyoim klk ik`ej}jel imlfel geqe hmlmly}jel elffeqel ~qohowk ieqk ~mqwmlyewm ~mld}e`el i}e eye} ykfe ~mq}weceel ~mweklf, imlfel hmh~mqceykjel jmwmkhaelfel ~mqweklfel ie~ey hmlgmfec ~mqelf ~qohowk i Hmyoim Wmw}ek Jmheh~}el #Eqakyqeq{+ Ieweq {elf ikf}lejel }ly}j hmlmly}jel elffeqel ~qohowk eie`ec ~eie jmheh~}el ~mq}weceel }ly}j hml{mikejel iele Jmym~eyel ie`eh d}wykbkjewk {elf ik`ej}jel heledmq ejel welfey hmlmly}jel jmamqcewk`el ~qohowk ~qoi}j ~mq}weceel Hml}q}y Wckh~ #5;;;+ ~eie hmyoim klk, iele {elf ikelffeqjel eie`ec iele {elf ymqwkwe wmym`ec elffeqel {elf ikjm`}eqjel Hmyoim klk wmqklf ikf}lejel o`mc ~mq}weceel jmgk`, {elf gmlimq}lf wmaefek ~mlfkj}y ~eweq ie`eh ~mqweklfel kli}wyqk 1,2,=, Mre`}ewk Mbmjykrkyew ^qohowk
Ymqjeky imlfel amweql{e ake{e }ly}j jmfkeyel ~qohowk, heje ~mq`} ~mlfjedkel ejel mbmjykrkyew ieqk amqaefek amly}j jmfkeyel ~qohowk {elf ym`ec ik`ejwelejel ~mq}weceel Mre`}ewk ejel mbmjykrkyew klk hmldeik welfey ~mlyklf f}le hmldeik aecel ~mqykhaelfel }ly}j ~mqaekjel jmfkeyel ~qohowk {elf ejel ik`ej}jel o`mc ~mq}weceel jmim~el Wmgeqe }h}h, ikjmle` ykfe jqkymqke {elf ie~ey ikf}lejel }ly}j hmlf}j}q mbmjykrkyew ~qohowk, {eky} 4 ~mld}e`el, ~mlfklfeyel, iel ~mqw}ewk Mbmjykrkyew ~qohowk {elf amqjekyel imlfel ~mld}e`el ie~ey ikjmyec}k hm`e}k qkwmy ymlyelf ieh~ej ~mld}e`el Wmielfjel ~mlfklfeyel iel ~mqw}ewk ie~ey ikjmyec}k hm`e}k qkwmy ymlyelf ieh~ej joh}lkjewk
12
1,6, Bejyoq‗Bejyoq {elf Hmh~mlfeq}ck Jm~}y}wel Ae}qel ^qohowk
Ymqie~ey amamqe~e bejyoq {elf hmh~mlfeq}ck wyqeymfk ae}qel ~qohowk {elf ejel ik`ej}jel o`mc ~mq}weceel {eky} 4 5 Iele {elf ymqwmike Amweql{e iele eye} elffeqel {elf ymqwmike }ly}j jm~mq`}el ~qohowk hmq}~ejel bejyoq ~mlmly} ie`eh ~ml{}w}lel wyqeymfk ~qohowk Wmhejkl amweq iele {elf ymqwmike, wmhejkl h}iec ~kcej heledmhml ie`eh hmh}y}wjel amly}j ~qohowk {elf ym~ey Akwlkw {elf hmhk`kjk iele {elf ael{ej ymly} hmhk`kjk jmheh~}el `makc amweq ie`eh hmlfjohaklewkjel m`mhml‗m`mhml ~qohowk Wmae`kjl{e akwlkw {elf `mhec jm}elfell{e wmikjky wmje`k hmlff}lejel eirmqykwklf iel ~qohowk {elf mbmjykb 1 Jeqejymqkwykj ~qoi}j Wyqeymfk ~qohowk {elf ik`ej}jel ejel amqamie }ly}j aeqelf {elf amqamie ^qohowk eye} aeqelf jolw}hwk ejel `makc ael{ej hmlff}lejel iele ~qohowkl{e }ly}j ~mqkj`elel jmh}ikel ~qohowk ~mld}e`el, ~mld}e`el ~qkaeik iel jmh}ikel ~}a`kwkyew Aeqelf kli}wyqk ejel `makc ael{ej hmlff}lejel ielel{e }ly}j ~mld}e`el ~qkaeik jmh}ikel ~qohowk ~mld}e`el, ~mqkj`elel iel ~}a`kwkwyew 7 Jeqejymqkwykj ~eweq Wkbey ~eweq ejel hmh~mlfeq}ck ae}qel ~qohowk Jeqejymqkwykj ~eweq ie~ey ik`kcey ie`eh 7 ce` {eky} #5+ `}ew fmofqebkw ~eweqel, ~mqkj`elel hmldeik ~k`kcel ie`eh ~eweq {elf `}ew: #1+ jolwmlyqewk ~eweq, wmhejkl wmikjky ge`ol ~mham`k heje ~mld}e`el ~qkaeik `makc mbmjykb ikaeliklfjel imlfel ~mqkj`elel: #7+ d}h`ec dmlkw ~mham`k ~oymlwke`, wyqeymfk ~qohowk ejel ik`ej}jel amqamie }ly}j ~eweq {elf amqamie }ly}j ~eweq imlfel wmikjky dmlkw ~mham`k imlfel ~eweq {elf hmhk`kjk ael{ej dmlkw ~mham`k 9 ^mheweq Ie`eh ce` klk akwe ikf}lejel ~}wc wyqeymf{ iel ~}`` wyqeymf{ = ^eweq Weweqel Ce` klk hm`k~}yk wke~e ge`ol jolw}hml, ikhele `ojewkl{e, klk ejel hmh~mlfeq}ck ~qohoykol hks {elf ejel ikf}lejel
16
2 ^mweklf Hmlfjedk ~mqweklfel eie`ec aefkel hmlieweq ieqk y}few ~qohowk, hmwjk~}l imhkjkel ael{ej oqelf ykiej hmhkjkqjel wmgeqe wmqk}w hmlfmlek wkbey ~mqweklfel ^mq}weceel ie~ey hmh~mqykhaelfjel wyqeymfk ~qohowk {elf ejel ikde`eljel amqieweqjel ejykrkyew ~qohowk {elf ikde`eljel ~mweklf, eye} ie~ey ~}`e hml{mw}ekjel imlfel yklfjey ~mqweklfel {elf eie ie`eh kli}wyqk 6 Yece~ ie`eh ie}q cki}~ ~qoi}j Ieh~ej
ieqk
e`ey(e`ey
~qohowk
amqamie(amie
hmlfkj}yk
~mqjmhaelfel yece~ wkj`}w cki}~ ~qoi}j ymqwma}y ^eie yece~ ~mqjmle`el, ~mqkj`elel iel ~}a`kwkyew ikf}lejel }ly}j hmlikikj, hmlfeqecjel jolw}hml ~eie ~qoi}j aeq}, e~e kwykhmvel{e ~qoi}j ymqwma}y, jmle~e ~qoi}j ~mlyklf ikam`k iel wmaefekl{e wmcklffe ejel hmlkha}`jel jmweieqel {elf yklffk ieqk jolw}hml ejel ~qoi}j ymqwma}y Ikwklk ~mlyklf ~mqwole` wm``klf, d}fe ~ehmqel iel wcov ^eie yece~ ~mqy}ha}cel, ~mqkj`elel iel
~}a`kwkyew hewkc ymye~ amq~mlfeq}c j}ey, wmielfjel ~qohowk ~mld}e`el ie~ey ikj}qelfk jeqmle cel{e wmikjky klwmlykb ik~mq`}jel ~eie yece~ klk ^eie yece~ klk jmfkeyel ~qohowk ikeqecjel }ly}j hmhelye~jel jm~mqge{eel hew{eqejey ^eie yece~ jmimveweel ~qohowk ~mld}e`el jmhae`k hmldeik ~mlyklf iel qmhklimq ~mqkj`elel ik~mq`}jel wmaefek ^mqkj`elel ikymjeljel ~eie jm}lff}`el ~qoi}j, efeq jolw}hml ykiej hmlfeqec ~eie img`klmYece~
jmimveweel
{elf ikyeliek imlfel ~mqweklfel {elf welfey yedeh heje
hmlfceq}wjel ~mq}weceel hml{mikejel iele {elf `makc amweq }ly}j hmhake{ek jmfkeyel ~qohowk ^eie yece~ jmh}li}qel wky}ewk ~eweq w}iec `mw}, ~mld}e`el iel `eae hmlfe`ehk jmh}li}qel aecjel hmlimqkye jmq}fkel ]wece ~qohowk ceq}w ikj}qelfk ael{ej jmg}e`k dkje ~mq}weceel cmliej hmlfcki}~jel jmhae`k ~qoi}j ky} iel ~mq}weceel ceq}w w}iec hmheweqjel aeqelf aeq} }ly}j hmlffelykjel aeqelf `ehe 3 Ae}qel ~mheweqel `ekll{e ^qoi}j imlfel ceqfe yklffk akewel{e ikkimlykjel imlfel h}y} aekj, imlfel imhkjkel ~mqkj`elel hmq}~ejel jmfkeyel ~qohowk {elf ym~ey ^mq}weceel {elf hmhk`kjk we`}qel ikwyqka}wk `elfw}lf, `makc mbmjykb e~eak`e hmlff}lejel ~mld}e`el ~qkaeik
13
1,3, Hoim` EC^ #Ele`{ykge` Ckmqeqgc{ ^qogmww+ Ele`ky{ge` Ckmqeqgc{ ^qogmww #EC^+ eie`ec w}ey} hmyoim ~mlfehak`el
jm~}y}wel {elf wmimqcele iel b`mjwkam`, {elf hmleh~}lf jqmeykrkyew ie`eh qelgelfell{e ymqceie~ w}ey} hewe`ec Hoim` EC^ ~mqyehe je`k ikjmhaelfjel o`mc Ycohew @ Weey{, ec`k heymheykje ieqk ]lkrmqwky{ ob ^kywa}qfc, Ehmqkje Wmqkjey
~eie eve` yec}l 5;6>(el Ele`kwkw EC^ iky}d}jel }ly}j hmha}ey
hoim` ~mqhewe`ecel {elf ykiej ymqwyq}jy}q iel akewel{e ikymqe~jel }ly}j hmhmgecjel hewe`ec‗hewe`ec ymq}j}q he}~}l hewe`ec‗hewe`ec {elf hmhmq`}jel ~mlie~ey #d}ifmhmly+ EC^ hmhew}jel ew~mj j}e`kyeykb iel j}elykyeykb ~kjkqel hel}wke #Weey{,5;;7+ Ew~mj j}e`kyeykb hmlimbklkwkjel ~mqwoe`el iel ckqeqjkl{e iel ew~mj j}elykyeykb hmlfmjw~qmwkjel ~mlk`ekel iel ~qmbmqmlwk wmgeqe qklfjew iel ~eiey ^qowmw ky} wmlikqk ikqelgelf }ly}j hmlfklymfqewkjel ivk wkbey klk ^qowmw klk imlfel dm`ew hml}ld}jel aecve imhk ~mlfehak`el jm~}y}wel {elf wmcey ie`eh wky}ewk {elf joh~`mjw, wmcklffe ik~mq`}jel hmlmye~jel ~qkoqkyew iel hm`ej}jel ~mqykhaelfel ^eie ~mlmqe~el hmyoim EC^ {elf ik}yehejel eie`ec j}e`kyew ieye ieqk qmw~oliml, iel ykiej ymqfely}lf ~eie j}elykyewl{e #Weey{, 5;;7+ O`mc jeqmle ky}, ~mlk`ekel EC^ hmhmq`}jel ~eqe ~ejeq wmaefek qmw~oliml ie`eh ~mlfehak`el jm~}y}wel ie`eh ~mhk`kcel e`ymqleykb ^eqe ~ejeq ikwklk hmq}~ejel oqelf‗oqelf
joh~myml
{elf
~mlfehak`el
jmakdejel
eye}
amleq‗amleq amleq‗amleq
hmlf}ewek, hmlfmyec}k
hmh~mlfeq}ck klboqhewk
{elf
ika}y}cjel ]ly}j d}h`ec qmw~oliml ie`eh hmyoim EC^ ykiej hmhk`kjk ~mq}h}wel ymqymly}, leh}l cel{e eie aeyew hklkh}h {eky} i}e oqelf qmw~oliml EC^ ym`ec ael{ej ikf}lejel o`mc ~eqe ~mlfehak` jm~}y}wel }ly}j hmhaely} hmhmgecjel hewe`ec {elf joh~`mjw Hml}q}y Weey{ #5;;7+ EC^ ie~ey ikf}lejel }ly}j ~mlfehak`el jm~}y}wel wm~mqyk 4 hmlmye~jel ~qkoqkyew, hmlfcewk`jel wm~mqelfjey e`ymqleykb, hmhk`kc e`ymqleykb, hmhk`kc e`ymqleykb jmakdejel {elf ymqaekj, hmlmye~jel amqaefek ~mqw{eqeyel, hmlfe`ojewkjel w}hamq ie{e, hmqehe`jel cewk` iel hmlejwkq qmwkjo, hmlf}j}q ~qmwyewk, hmqelgelf wkwymh, hmqmlgelejel iel hmhmgecjel jolb`kj
1;
1,3,5, ^qklwk~ Jmqde EC^
Ie`eh hmyoim EC^ ymqie~ey ykfe ~qklwk~ ie`eh hmhmgecjel hewe`ec, {eky} 4 5 Hml{}w}l ckqeqjk Ckqeqjk hmq}~ejel e`ey hmlieweq ieqk ~kjkqel hel}wke {elf hm`kaeyjel
~mlfkimlykbkjewkel
m`mhml‗m`mhml
w}ey}
~mqwoe`el,
hmlfm`oh~ojel m`mhml‗m`mhml ky} jmie`eh amamqe~e j}h~}`el {elf cohofml, iel hmleye j}h~}`el‗j}h~}`el klk ~eie yklfjey {elf amqamie ^eie ~qklwk~ klk ~mq}weceel amq}wece }ly}j hmlffehaeqjel eye} hmlf}qekjel ~mqhewe`ecel eye} qme`kye wmgeqe ckqeqjk ]ly}j hmhmgecjel
~mqhewe`ecel
{elf
joh~`mjw
heje
wmam`}hl{e
~mqhewe`ecel ymq`makc iec}`} ikimbklkwkjel @e`} ik`ej}jel ~mhmgecel ~mqwoe`el {elf }y}c hmldeik }lw}q‗}lw}ql{e, aecjel weh~ek ykiej h}lfjkl ik`ej}jel ~mhmgecel `makc `eld}y, wmcklffe ikie~eyjel amamqe~e yklfjeyel ieqk ~mqwoe`el ymqwma}y Jeqmle e`ewel klk heje ~qowmw ele`kwkw iklehejel ckqeqjk Wmgeqe }h}h m`mhml {elf ikf}lejel ~eie ckqeqjk eie`ec bog}w, boqgmw, egyoqw, oadmgkykrmw, iel wgmleqko
1 Hmlmye~jel ^qkoqkyew ^qklwk~ klk hmha}ey ~mlk`ekel ymlyelf jm~mlyklfel qm`eykb i}e m`mhml ~eie w}ey} yklfjey ymqymly} ie`eh jekyell{e imlfel yklfjey ikeyewl{e ^mlk`ekel klk hmq}~ejel klyk ieqk EC^, jeqmle ke ejel amq~mlfeq}c ymqceie~ ~qkoqkyew m`mhml‗m`mhml Cewk` ieqk ~mlk`ekel klk ejel ikwedkjel ie`eh amly}j heyqkjw ^ekqvkwm Goh~eqkwol 7 Jolwkwymlwk @ofkw Jolwkwymlwk hmhk`kjk i}e hejle ^mqyehe eie`ec oadmj‗oadmj {elf wmq}~e ie~ey ikjm`oh~ojel wmw}ek imlfel jmwmqefehel iel qm`mrelwk Eqyk jmi}e, hml{elfj}y ~eie yklfjey c}a}lfel elyeqe oadmj‗oadmj {elf ikieweqjel ~eie jqkymqke ymqymly} Imlfel jolwkwymlwk `ofkw heje hmldehkl aecve m`mhml ikjm`oh~ojel wmgeqe `ofkw iel ik~mqklfjeyjel wmgeqe jolwkwyml wmw}ek imlfel jqkymqke {elf `ofkw
7>
1,3,1, @elfjec‗@elfjec ^mlff}leel EC^
Weey{ #5;;7+ hmldm`ewjel ymqie~ey amamqe~e `elfjec ie`eh ~mlff}leel hmyoim EC^ wmaefek w}ey} e`ey }ly}j hmhmgecjel ~mqwoe`el Eie~}l `elfjec‗`elfjec {elf ikhejw}i {eky} 4 5 Hmlimbklkwkjel ~mqwoe`el iel hmqklgk ~mhmgecel {elf ikkklfkljel Ce` ~mqyehe {elf ceq}w ik`ej}jel {eky} hmlfkimlykbkjewk ~mqwoe`el imlfel hm`ej}jel ele`kwe eye} ~mhecehel {elf hmlie`eh ymqceie~ ~mqwoe`el {elf ikceie~k iel klfkl ik~mgecjel Wmym`ec ky} ie~ey ik`ej}jel ~mlfkimlykbkjewkel iel ~mhk`kcel m`mhml‗m`mhml {elf ejel hew}j joh~olml wkwymh, wm~mqyk bog}w, boqgmw, egyoqw, oadmgkykrmw, iel wgmleqko ie`eh wyq}jy}q EC^ lelykl{e Ie`eh EC^ wmlikqk ykiej ymqie~ey ~qowmi}q {elf ~ewyk }ly}j hmlfkimlykbkjewk joh~olml‗ joh~olml
wkwymh
ikkimlykbkjewkjel
Joh~olml‗joh~olml
amqieweqjel
jmheh~}el
~eie
wkwymh ele`kwe
ie~ey }ly}j
hmlmh}jel }lw}q‗}lw}q {elf ie~ey ik`kaeyjel ie`eh w}ey} wkwymh 1 Hmha}ey wyq}jy}q ckqeqjk ieqk w}i}y ~elielf heledmqke` wmgeqe hml{m`}q}c Ckqeqjk hmq}~ejel w}ey} eawyqejwk wyq}jy}q w}ey} wkwymh {elf hmh~m`edeqk b}lfwk klymqejwk elyeq joh~olml iel ieh~ejl{e ymqceie~ wkwymh Eawyqejwk klk hmh~}l{ek amly}j {elf we`klf amqjekyel Wyq}jy}q ckqeqjk ikw}w}l amqieweqjel dmlkw jm~}y}wel {elf ejel ikehak` amqieweqjel w}i}y ~elielf ieqk yklfjey ~}lgej weh~ek jm yklfjey ikhele ikh}lfjkljel geh~}q yelfel }ly}j hmhmgecjel ~mqwoe`el ymqwma}y Ckqeqjk {elf ie~ey ymqamly}j ie`eh hmyoim EC^ wmlikqk ie~ey amq}~e ckqejk `mlfje~ iel ckqeqjk yej `mlfje~ Ie`eh wyq}jy}q ckqeqjk `mlfje~, wmh}e m`mhml ~eie wey} m`mhml ~eie wey} yklfjey hmhk`kjk c}a}lfel imlfel wmh}e m`mhml {elf eie ~eie yklfjey amqkj}yl{e Dkje ykiej imhkjkel, ckqeqjk {elf ymqamly}j eie`ec ckqeqjk ykiej `mlfje~ ^eie wyq}jy}q ckqeqjk `mlfje~, d}h`ec yklfjeyel joh~olml wkwymh {elf ymqie~ey ie`eh ckqeqjk ymqfely}lf ~eie ~k`kcel ~mlm`kyk
75
Boj}w
B
Bejyoq
Bejyoq
E`ymq leykb
B5
J5
J55
B1
B7
B9
J1
J7
J9
Jl
J51
J57
J59
Jl5
Fehaeq 5 Wyq}jy}q Ckqeqjk @mlfje~ W}hamq 4 H}`{olo ie`eh [elyk, 1>>9
7 Hml{}w}l heyqkjw aeliklf amq~ewelfel Heyqkjw ~mqaeliklfel amq~ewelfel klk amqb}lfwk }ly}j hmlfmyec}k jolyqka}wk iel ~mlfeq}c wmyke~ m`mhml {elf qm`mrel eyew wmyke~ jqkymqke {elf amq~mlfeq}c {elf amqeie wmyklfjey ikeyewl{e ^eie heyqkjw klk, ~ewelfel‗~ewelfel m`mhml ikaeliklfjel amqjmleel w}ey} jqkymqke ik yklfjey {elf `makc yklffk Ie`eh hmhaeliklfjel i}e m`mhml, akewel{e hmhamqk w}ey} ~mqykhaelfel {elf hml}ld}jel iohklewk wmaefek ak`elfel a}`ey Heyqkjw klk hmhk`kjk wey} ymh~ey }ly}j hmhew}jjel ak`elfel ky} iel wey} ymh~ey `ekl }ly}j hmhew}jel lk`ek qmwk~qoje`l{e 9 Hmlie~eyjel
wmh}e
~mqykhaelfel
{elf
ik~mq`}jel
}ly}j
hmlfmhaelfjel ~mqelfjey heyqkjw ik`elfjec 7 Wmym`ec heyqkjw ~mhaeliklf amq~ewelfel elyeq m`mhml ika}ey, ik`ej}jel ~mhaeliklfel amq~ewelfel elyeq wmyke~ m`mhml ~eie jo`oh jm(k imlfel wmyke~ m`mhml ~eie aeqkw jm(d ^mhaeliklfel amq~ewelfel elyeq m`mhml ymqwma}y ik`ej}jel imlfel ~mqyel{eel ‐wmamqe~e j}ey m`mhml aeqkw jm(K ikiohklewk eye} ik~mlfeq}ck, ik~ml}ck, ik}ly}lfjel o`mc boj}w ik ~}lgej ckqeqjk, ikaeliklfjel imlfel jo`oh jm(d ?‘ E~eak`e m`mhml(m`mhml {elf ik~mqykhaelfjel hmq}~ejel wma}ec ~m`}elf eye} vejy}, heje ~mqyel{eell{e eie`ec ‐wmamqe~e `makc
71
h}lfjkl w}ey} m`mhml aeqkw jm(k ikaeliklfjel imlfel m`mhml ik~}lgej ckqeqjk ?‘ ]ly}j hmlfkwk heyqkjw aeliklf amq~ewelfel, ikf}lejel wje`e aeliklf {elf ymqymqe ~eie yeam` 2 Elfje‗elfje {elf ymqymqe hmlffehaeqjel qm`eykb ~mlyklfl{e w}ey} m`mhml ikaeliklfjel imlfel m`mhml `ekll{e wmc}a}lfel imlfel wkbey jqkymqke ymqymly} ^mlfkwkel heyqkjw cel{e ik`ej}jel }ly}j aefkel ikeyew feqkw ikefole` ieqk jkqk jm jelel aevec Yeam` 2 Lk`ek Wje`e Aeliklf Amq~ewelfel Klymlwkyew ^mlyklfl{e 5
Imbklkwk Jmi}e m`mhml ~mlyklfl{e
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7
M`mhml {elf wey} wmikjky `makc ~mlyklf ieqk~eie m`mhml {elf `ekll{e
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M`mhml {elf wey} welfey ~mlyklf ieqk~eie m`mhml {elf `ekll{e
6
Wey} m`mhml dm`ew `makc ~mlyklf ieqk~eie m`mhml {elf `ekll{e
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ykljey ~mlmfewel {elf ymqyklffk {elf h}lfjkl hmlf}eyjel Wey} m`mhml h}y`ej `makc A}jyk {elf hml{ojolf ~mlyklf ieqk~eie m`mhml {elf m`mhml {elf wey} eyew `ekll{e {elf `ekl{e hmhk`kjk yklfjey ~mlmfewel {elf ymqyklffk {elf h}lfjkl hmlf}eyjel Lk`ek‗lk`ek ikelyeqe i}e Joh~qohk ik~mqceykjel ~mqykhaelfel {elf amqimjeyel ik elyeqe i}e ~mqykhaelfel Dkje }ly}j ejykrkyew K hmlie~ey wey} elfje ak`e ikaeliklfjel imlfel ejykrkyew d, heje d hmhk`kjk lk`ek jmae`kjell{e ak`e ikaeliklfjel imlfel k
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77
jmae`kjell{e Heyqkjw ikaevec feqkw ikefole` }yehe ikkwk imlfel lk`ek(lk`ek jmae`kjell{e Golyoc, ak`e m`mhml B19 hmhk`kjk lk`ek 6, heje lk`ek m`mhml B19 eie`ec 5/6 2 Hm`ejwelejel `elfjec 7, 9 iel = }ly}j wmh}e yklfjey iel f}f}wel ie`eh ckqeqjk ymqwma}y ^mhaeliklfel ik`eld}yjel }ly}j wmh}e m`mhml ~eie wmyke~ yklfjey jm~}y}wel {elf ymqie~ey ~eie ckqeqjk, amqjmleel imlfel jqkymqke m`mhml ikeyewl{e Heyqkjw ~mqaeliklfel ie`eh EC^ ikamiejel hmldeik i}e {eky} 4 Heyqkjw ^mlie~ey Klikrki} #H^K+ iel Heyqkjw ^mlie~ey Fea}lfel #HF^+ 5 Heyqkjw ^mlie~ey Klikrki} #H^K+ H^K eie`ec heyqkjw cewk` ~mhaeliklfel {elf ik`ej}jel klikrki} H^K hmhk`kjk m`mhml {elf ikwkhao`jel imlfel ekd, {eky} m`mhml heyqkjw ~eie aeqkw jo`oh jm(k iel jo`oh jm(d H^K ie~ey ik`kcey ~eie yeam` 9 Yeam` 9 Heyqkjw ^mlie~ey Klikrki} S
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imlfel 4 ekd 8 m`mhml H^A ~eie aeqkw jm(k iel jo`oh jm(d l 8 d}h`ec m`mhml {elf ik~mqaeliklfjel 3 Hmlfmre`}ewk kljolwkwymlwk }ly}j wm`}q}c ckqeqjk ^mlf}j}qel jolwkwymlwk klk ik~mq`}jel }ly}j hmlfmyec}k jolwkwymlwk deveael {elf amq~mlfeq}c ymqceie~ jmweckcel cewk` @elfjec {elf ikf}lejel {eky} imlfel hmlfe`kjel wmyke~ klimjw jolwkwymlwk imlfel ~qkoqkyew jqkymqke amqwelfj}yel iel hmld}h`ecjel cewk` je`kl{e Cewk` klk ikaefk imlfel ~mql{eyeel wmdmlkw {elf hmlff}lejel klimjw
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72
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76
k ^mlk`ekel iel jolwmlw}w 4 EC^ yej hmhejwejel jolwml}w, ymye~k hmlwklymwkw w}ey} cewk` {elf qm~qmwmlyeykb ieqk amqaefek ~mlk`ekel {elf amqamie‗amie d ^mlf}`elfel ~qowmw 4 EC^ hmh}lfjkljel oqelf hmh~mqce`}w imbklkwk hmqmje ~eie w}ey} ~mqwoe`el iel hmh~mqaekjk ~mqykhaelfel iel ~mlfmqykel hmqmje hm`e`}k ~mqoqelfel 1,;, ^mlm`kykel Ymqiec}`}
^mlm`kykel ymqiec}`} {elf hmldeik qmbmqmlwk aefk ~ml}`kw, hmlfelfjey yo~kj {elf wehe wm~mqyk {elf ikelfjey ie`eh ~mlm`kykel klk {eky} hmlfmlek wyqeymfk ~qohowk Leh}l, jmi}e ~mlm`kykel ymqiec}`} hml{oqoyk wyqeymfk ~qohowk ~eie wyewk}l ym`mrkwk wvewye ik Kliolmwke wmielfjel ~mlm`kykel klk hmlfelfjey wyqeymfk ~qohowk jeqy} jqmiky ^mlm`kykel [elyk #1>>9+ imlfel d}i}` ‐Ele`kwkw Wyqeymfk ^qohowk ELYR ie`eh Jekyell{e Imlfel Aqeli Khefm ^mq}weceel‘ hmldm`ewjel aecve Elyr hm`ej}jel jmfkeyel ae}qel ~qohowk {elf hm`k~}yk ~mqkj`elel, c}a}lfel hew{eqejey iel ~}a`kwkyew, ~mheweqel `elfw}lf, ~qohowk ~mld}`el, iel ~mld}`el `elfw}lf Wm`ekl jmfkeyel ae}qel ~qohowk wmaefek wyewk}l ym`mrkwk, Elyr hm`ej}jel jmfkeyel ~qoho ol(ekq iel ~qoho obb(ekq Wmc}a}lfel Elyr h}`ek hmlimwekl }`elf gkyqe hmqmj imlfel qmwyq}jy}qkwewk ~mq}weceel ik aevec ~mlfm`o`eel heledmhml aeq} heje [elyk hmlehaecjel gkyqe hmqmj wmaefek bejyoq {elf hmh~mlfeq}ck ~ml{}w}lel wyqeymfk ~qohowk ~mq}weceel Ie`eh ~mlm`kykell{e klk [elyk hmlff}lejel hmyoim ^CE }ly}j hmlfele`kwkw wyqeymfk ~qohowk Elyr iel ikwma}yjel aecve e`ymqleykb wyqeymfk {elf ik~qkoqkyewjel aefk Elyr }ly}j hmlge~ek y}d}ell{e eie`ec amq~qohowk imlfel hmlklfjeyjel bqmj}mlwk/klymlwkyewl{e imlfel aoaoy >,959 [}lkie #1>>2+ ie`eh ~mlm`kykell{e {elf amqd}i}` ‐Ele`kwe Wyqeymfk ^qohowk ^Y Ym`mrkwk Yqelwboqhewk Kliolmwke #Yqelw YR+‘ hmlff}lejel i}e hmyoim,
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hmlfkimlykbkjewk bejyoq(bejyoq {elf hmh~mlfeq}ck ~ml{}w}lel wyqeymfk ~qohowk iel hmyoim Ele`ky{ge` Ckmqeqgc{ ^qogmww #EC^+ }ly}j ~mhk`kcel e`ymqleykb wyqeymfk ~qohowk aefk Yqelw YR Imlfel hmlff}lejel H^M, [}lkie hmlie~eyjel aecve WY^ #Wmfhmlyeykol, Yeqfmyklf iel ^owkykolklf+
73
~mq}weceel eie`ec bejyoq imlfel ~qkoqkyew }yehe ^eie ~mlm`kykell{e d}fe ikwma}yjel aecve e`ymqleykb wyqeymfk ~qohowk {elf ie~ey ik~qkoqkyewjel aefk Yqelw YR eie`ec hm`ej}jel ol ekq ~qoho {elf ikymjeljel ~eie ~mq}weceel E`ymqleykb klk ik`ej}jel efeq khefm iel eveqmlmww ~mhkqwe #e}ikml+ ie~ey ikaelf}l
KKK, HMYOIO@OFK ^MLM@KYKEL
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Aelj AQK imlfel wyey}w jm~mhk`kjel Aeiel ]wece Hk`kj Lmfeqe ymqhew}j we`ec wey} aelj {elf h}y`ej ik~mqcky}lfjel ie`eh jelgec ~mqaeljel lewkole` Wm`ekl amqboj}w wmaefek `mhaefe klymqhmikewk ~mlo~elf ~mqjmhaelfel ]HJH ik Kliolmwke, Aelj AQK ykiej hmlfml{eh~klfjel b}lfwk iel ~mqell{e wmaefek aelj johmqwke` ie`eh wmjyoq jolw}hmq #golw}hmq aeljklf+ Ykiej cel{e wmaefek ymh~ey }ly}j hmlea}lf eye} hmhamqkjel jqmiky aefk ]HJH, leh}l Aelj AQK d}fe hmhamqkjel ~qoi}j eye} bewk`kyew‗bewk`kyew ~mlyklf `ekll{e wmaefek }wece }ly}j ymq}w hmhml}ck y}ly}yel iel jm~}ewel ieqk ~eqe leweaec eye}~}l hew{eqejey wmqye }ly}j hml{mw}ekjel ikqk imlfel jolikwk ~mqaeljel weey klk Ce` ymqwma}y ymly}l{e ik`ej}jel o`mc Aelj AQK amqjmleel imlfel rkwk {elf ikhk`kjk {eky} ‐Hmldeik Aelj Johmqwke` {elf Wm`e`} Hmlf}yehejel Jm~}ewel Leweaec‘ imlfel hmlfmim~eljel ykfe hkwk wmaefek amqkj}y 4 5 Hm`ej}jel jmfkeyel ~mqaeljel {elf ymqaekj imlfel hmh~qkoqkyewjel ~m`e{elel jm~eie ]wece Hkjqo Jmgk` iel Hmlmlfec #]HJH+ }ly}j hml}ldelf ~mqmjolohkel hew{eqejey 1 Hmhamqkjel ~m`e{elel ~qkhe jm~eie ~eqe leweaec hm`e`}k deqklfel jmqde {elf ymqwmaeq `}ew
iel iki}j}lf w}hamq ie{e hel}wke #WIH+ {elf
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97
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Hm`ej}jel jmfkeyel ~mqaeljel {elf ymqaekj imlfel hmlf}yehejel ~m`e{elel jm~eie }wece hkjqo, jmgk` iel hmlmlfec }ly}j hml}ldelf ~mlklfjeyel mjolohk hew{eqejey
92
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96
959 Wyqeymfk ]wece
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93
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wkwymh
~mhae{eqel {elf ikymqkhe ik wm`}q}c i}lke Imlfel hmlfmim~eljel jm~}ewel iel jmh}iecel aefk ~eqe leweaecl{e Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK ie~ey ikf}lejel }ly}j amqyqelwejwk ikwm`}q}c deqklfel o}y`my #hmqgcely+ {elf amq`ofo HewymqGeqi iel d}fe hm`ej}jel ~mleqkjel y}lek ikwm`}q}c EYH amq`ofo HewymqGeqi/Hemwyqo/Gkqq}w {elf ymqwmaeq ik wm`}q}c i}lke 911 Rkwk iel Hkwk Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK E Rkwk Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK
Hmldeik Jeqy} Jqmiky ^k`kcel ]yehe iel Jmaelffeel Hew{eqejey A Hkwk Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK
5 Hmlmqakyjel Jeqy} Jqmiky }ly}j leweaec AQK iel wm`}q}c hew{eqejey Kliolmwke imlfel hmlf}yehejel wmfhml hmlmlfec jmaevec 1 Hmlde`eljel akwlkw Jeqy} Jqmiky {elf ymqjmh}je, ymq~mqge{e, kloreykb iel ehel {elf hml}ha}cjel qewe aelffe iel hmh~mqyeceljel
jmamqeieel
leweaec
imlfel
hmlmqe~jel
~qklwk~ fooi go~oqeym formqlelgm 7 Hmhamqkjel jm~}ewel jm~eie leweaec 917 Yk~m Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK E Jeqy} Wyelieqi
Jeqy} Wyelieqi eie`ec jeqy} jqmiky {elf ikamqkjel jm~eie geqico`imq, imlfel amweql{e `khky jqmiky elyeqe Q~ =>> qka}
9;
weh~ek imlfel Q~ 5> d}ye ^mlmly}el amweql{e `khky jqmiky ikwmw}ekjel imlfel jm`e{ejel ieqk hewklf(hewklf ~mhocol jeqy}
W{eqey }ly}j Jeqy} Wyelieqi 4 ‡
^mhmfelf jeqy} ]yehe 4 }wke hkl 15 yc, hejw 2= yc
‡
^mhmfelf jeqy} yehaecel 4 }wke hkl 56 yc, hejw 2= yc
‡
^mlfcewk`el hkl Q~ 19 d}ye/yec}l
A Jeqy} Fo`i
Jeqy} Fo`i eie`ec jeqy} jqmiky {elf ikamqkjel jm~eie geqico`imq, imlfel amweql{e `khky jqmiky elyeqe Q~ 5>,= weh~ek
imlfel Q~ 6= d}ye ^mlmly}el amweql{e `khky jqmiky Fo`i ymqwma}y ikieweqjel ~eie jm`e{ejel ieqk hewklf(hewklf ~mhocol jeqy}
W{eqey }ly}j Jeqy} Fo`i 4 ‡
^mhmfelf jeqy} ]yehe 4 }wke hkl 15 yc, hejw 2= yc
‡
^mhmfelf jeqy} yehaecel 4 }wke hkl 56 yc, hejw 2= yc
‡
^mlfcewk`el hkl Q~ 2> d}ye/yec}l
G Jeqy} ^`eykl}h
Jeqy} ^`eykl}h eie`ec jeqy} jqmiky {elf hmh~}l{ek bky}q ~e`klf `mlfje~ ikaeliklfjel jeqy} yk~m Wyelieqi iel Fo`i @khky jqmiky }ly}j yk~m jeqy} klk ikymye~jel elyeqe Q~6= d}ye weh~ek imlfel Q~ =>> d}ye Jeqy} klk `makc iky}d}jel jm~eie leweaec AQK eye} ~mdeaey ~mhmqklyecel {elf hmh~}l{ek c}a}lfel aekj imlfel AQK eye} ikjmle` aekj o`mc AQK iel hmh~}l{ek ~mlfcewk`el < Q~93> d}ye ~mq yec}l ^mhamqkel jeqy} ^`eykl}h AQK klk welfey wm`mjykb 919 W`ofel Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK
W`ofel {elf ik}w}lf o`mc Aelj AQK }ly}j Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK, {eky} ‐Wmh}e Deik L{eye‘, hmlgmqhkljel aecve Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK ykiej cel{e wmjmieq hmldeik wkhao` jmh}iecel hewe jklk Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK hmlf}yehejel ~eie jmf}leel #b}lgykol+, {eky} wmaefek jmh}iecel }ly}j hmv}d}ijel jmklfklel }yehe, wo`}wk ie`eh jmeieel hmlimwej wmqye jmehelel amqyqelwejwk
=>
91= Jm}ly}lfel Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK
Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK hmhamqkjel amqaefek hegeh jm}ly}lfel {elf ik~mq}ly}jel jc}w}w }ly}j hmh}iecjel, hmh}ewjel wmqye hmheldejel ~eqe ~mhmfelf jeqy}l{e Eie~}l jm}ly}lfel(jm}ly}lfel {elf ikhejw}i eie`ec wmaefek amqkj}y4
Ikymqkhe ik wm`}q}c i}lke
Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK ie~ey ikf}lejel }ly}j amqam`elde ik yojo eye} hmqgcely {elf amq`ofo HewymqGeqi, iel hm`ej}jel ~mleqkjel }elf
y}lek ik wmh}e EYH AQK iel EYH amq`ofo Gkqq}w ik wm`}q}c i}lke
A}lfe h}qec wm~eldelf vejy}
Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK hmhk`kjk w}j} a}lfe {elf qklfel {eky} cel{e 1,1- }ly}j yqelwejwk qkym` iel 7- }ly}j gewc eirelgm
^mhae{eqel hklkh}h
^mhejekel Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK imlfel ~mhae{eqel hklkh}h 5> ieqk yoye` yefkcel eye} Q~=>>>>,( hele {elf `makc amweq
Jmh}iecel ~mhae{eqel yefkcel yel~e ake{e eihklkwyqewk ik EYH AQK
^mq`kli}lfel Ew}qelwk 5 ^mqwole` Eggkimly imlfel ~qmhk fqeykw ^mhmfelf Jeqy} Jqmiky
AQK #geqico`imq+ wmgeqe oyoheykw hmlie~ey ~mq`kli}lfel #ew}qelwk+ jmgm`ejeel 1 Gqmiky Wckm`i imlfel ~qmhk h}qec E~eak`e geqico`imq
hmlfklfkljel ~mq`kli}lfel ew}qelwk Gqmiky Wckm`i
Msmg}ykrm Ekq~oqy @o}lfm
Aefk ~mhmfelf Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK Fo`i {elf am~mqfkel imlfel ~mwevey }ieqe, ie~ey hmlkjheyk bewk`kyew Msmg}ykrm Ekq~oqy @o}lfm wm`ehe hml}lff} vejy} jmamqelfjeyel
Bewk`kyew jeqy} yehaecel #w}~~`mhml geqi+, imlfel ikjmlejel ell}e` bmm wmw}ek jmymly}el
Geqico`imq ie~ey hmlfed}jel jeqy} yehaecel aefk elffoye
jm`}eqfel{e, wm~eldelf hmhml}ck w{eqey
=5
97 Jmfkeyel Wyqeymfk ^qohowk Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK 975 Jmfkeyel Ae}qel ^qohowk Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK Weey Klk
^mqweklfel akwlkw jeqy} jqmiky {elf wmhejkl joh~mykykb imvewe klk yej ~m`ej hml}ly}y Aelj AQK }ly}j hm`elgeqjel amqaefek hegeh ejykrkyew ~qohowk f}le ie~ey hmlge~ek y}d}el(y}d}el {elf ym`ec ikymye~jell{e Ejykrkyew(ejykrkyew ~qohowk {elf wmde}c klk ym`ec ik`ejwelejel o`mc Aelj AQK ie~ey ymqjm`oh~ojel jm ie`eh `khe ae}qel ~qohowk 9755 ^mqkj`elel
Jmfkeyel ~mqkj`elel aefk Aelj AQK hmq}~ejel weqele ~mlyklf
amqjekyel
imlfel
wyqeymfk
Aelj
AQK
}ly}j
hmh~qohowkjel ~qoi}j jeqy} jqmikyl{e Ymq`makc `efk Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK hmq}~ejel wma}ec ~qoi}j ~mqaeljel aeq} {elf ikjm`}eqjel o`mc Aelj AQK O`mc jeqmle ky}, ~mqkj`elel hmldeik weqele {elf g}j}~ jq}wke` f}le hmh~mqjmle`jel Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK jmymlfec ~}a`kj Aelj AQK }ly}j jeh~el{m ~mqkj`elell{e amqboj}w ~eie ~mlfjoh}lkjewkel jm}lff}`el Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK amq}~e a}lfe {elf cel{e wmamweq 1- Ce` klk klfkl ikymjeljel jeqmle a}lfe {elf cel{e 1- hmq}~ejel jm}lff}`el ieqk Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK {elf hmldeikjel Aelj AQK wmaefek ~mlmqaky jeqy} jqmiky imlfel w}j} a}lfe ~e`klf qmliec ikaeliklfjel imlfel ~eqe ~mweklfl{e O`mc jeqmle ky}, dmlkw ~mqkj`elel {elf ik`ejwelejel o`mc Aelj AQK ymqfo`olf ~qkgm eirmqykwklf jeqmle hmloldo`jel ceqfe {elf hmleqkj }ly}j boj}w jmfkeyel ~mqkj`elell{e Leh}l wm`ekl hmloldo`jel jm}lff}`el ieqk wmfk ceqfe, Aelj AQK d}fe hmlfelfjey bky}q(bky}q jm}lff}`el iel d}fe ~qofqeh ~qohowk ~mld}e`el ieqk Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK ie`eh amamqe~e jmfkeyel ~mqkj`elell{e Wmaefek v}d}i ejykrkyew ~mqkj`elell{e, Aelj AQK hmhelbeeyjel amqaefek hegeh hmike aekj hm`e`}k hmike gmyej, hmike m`mjyqolkj he}~}l hmike `}eq q}elf Imlfel
=1
hmhelbeeyjel `makc ieqk wey} hmike eye} {elf `makc ikjmle` imlfel kwyk`ec hmike hks heje ikceqe~jel jmfkeyel ~mqkj`elel {elf ik`elgeqjel o`mc Aelj AQK ie~ey hmlekjjel delfje}el yoye` ieqk jmfkeyel ~qohowkl{e wmcklffe hejkl ael{ej ~}a`kj {elf hmlfmyec}k ejel jmamqeieel Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK iel ymly}l{e ikceqe~jel ejel ymqyeqkj }ly}j hmldeik ~mhmfelf Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK Amqkj}y eie`ec wmqelfjekel jmfkeyel ~mqkj`elel {elf ik`ej}jel o`mc Aelj AQK }ly}j ~qohowk Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK 4 e, ^qkly Ei
Wmaefek we`ec wey} }~e{e ~mlf}leel ~mqw iel hmike gmyej }ly}j jmfkeyel ~mqkj`elel jeqy} jqmikyl{e, Aelj AQK hmhelbeeyjel amamqe~e joqel iel hede`ec wmaefek ymh~ey }ly}j hmhewelf kj`ell{e #~qkly ei+ ^mlf}leel joqel wmaefek hmike ~mqkj`elel hmhk`kjk jm}lff}`el ie`eh delfje}el ~eweql{e {elf `}ew Joqel ie~ey hmldelfje} iemqec ~mqjoyeel cklffe ~mimweel wmw}ek imlfel gej}~el ~eweql{e #`oje`, qmfkole` eye} lewkole`+ Leh}l joqel hmhk`kjk jm`mhecel {eky} jmymqaeyewel }h}q: klboqhewkl{e ~mlimj: j}e`kyew fehaeq iel gmyejel dm`mj wmqye wmikjky e}ikmlw {elf hmlmq}wjel klboqhewk O`mc jeqmle ky}, ~mhewelfel kj`el d}fe ikymh~eyjel ie`eh hmike gmyej `ekll{e {eky} hede`ec ^mlf}leel hede`ec wmaefek hmike ~mqkj`elel hmhk`kjk amamqe~e
jm}lff}`el, elyeqe `ekl 4
wm`mjykbkyew fmofqebkw iel imhofqebk {elf yklffk: ~qmwkykwm iel jqmikak`kyew: cewk` gmyejel amqj}e`kyew yklffk: amq}h}q ~eldelf: d}h`ec ~mhaege {elf hmlmq}wjel klboqhewk g}j}~ aekj Aefk Aelj AQK ~mhk`kcel hede`ec eye} joqell{e wmlikqk ikwmw}ekjel imlfel yeqfmy heqjmy ieqk Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK iel ymly}l{e hmh~mqceykjel delfje}ell{e {elf `}ew Wmde}c klk ~qkly ei Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK w}iec ikymh~eyjel
=7
ie`eh joqel Joh~ew iel ^kjkqel Qej{ey imlfel }j}qel d}lkoq ~efm wmqye ie`eh hede`ec Ymh~o iel Feyqe imlfel
}j}qel b}`` ~efm Wm`ekl ie`eh hmike gmyej }h}h/johmqwke`, ~qkly ei d}fe
ikymh~eyjel
ie`eh
hede`ec
Kh~qmweqko
{elf
hmq}~ejel hede`ec klymql ~mq}weceel ^qkly ei ie`eh hede`ec Kh~qmweqko klk welfey hmlf}ly}lfjel jeqmle amqeie ie`eh ce`ehel h}je aefkel am`ejelf ieqk hede`ec wmqye imlfel }j}qel b}`` ~efm a YRG #Ym`mrkwkol Gohhmqgke`+ Ym`mrkwk
Gohhmqgke`
#YRG+
wmaefek
hmike
~mqkj`elel hmhk`kjk ieh~ej {elf g}j}~ j}ey }ly}j hmh~mqjmle`jel w}ey} ~qoi}j jm ymlfec ~}a`kj Imlfel delfje}ell{e {elf `}ew wmqye ikjmhew ie`eh amly}j e}iko rkw}e` hmha}ey YRG `makc hmleqkj ikaeliklfjel hmike( hmike ~mqkj`elel `ekll{e Wm`ekl ky} d}fe YRG hmhk`kjk ~mlfeq}c {elf j}ey aefk jmael{ejel ~mhkqwe ym`mrkwk, jeqmle ~mhkqwe ym`mrkwk `makc gmlimq}lf hmhk`kc ~qoi}j {elf ikkj`eljel ik ym`mrkwk ikaeliklfjel imlfel ~qoi}j {elf ykiej hmqmje jmle` ]~e{e ~mlfmle`el iel ~mhaelf}lel
eveqmlmww
~}a`kj ymqceie~ Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK d}fe ikymh~}c Aelj AQK imlfel hmlff}lejel YRG Aelj AQK amjmqdewehe imlfel wma}ec wyewk}l ym`mrkwk wvewye ymqlehe {eky} Yqelw YR }ly}j hmlfkj`eljel Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK Imlfel hmlfehak` ~ejmy w~olwoqwck~ ~eie Yqelw YR }ly}j ~qofqeh Qeheicel iel
@maeqel heje Aelj AQK amqcej }ly}j hmlfkj`eljel Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK ik Yqelw YR Bqmj}mlwk ~mle{elfel kj`ell{e wmlikqk wmael{ej = je`k wmceqk wm`ehe wey} a}`el Wm`ekl ky}, kj`el Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK d}fe wmqklf ikwkwk~jel ik wmyke~ egeqe ol ekq
Aelj AQK ik ym`mrkwk
Golyocl{e, ~eie weey ~mlf}likel AQKYEHE iel d}fe ~eie
=9
wmyke~ egeqe AQK W~mjyej}`mq }ly}j ~qofqeh ]ly}lf Am`k}lf AQKYEHE ik Yqelw YR g Ei @k~w
Wm`ekl hm`e`}k YRG ik ym`mrkwk, Aelj AQK d}fe hmlfkj`eljel Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK hm`e`}k ei `k~w ik qeiko Eie~}l amamqe~e e`ewel ~mhk`kcel qeiko wmaefek hmike ~mqkj`elel, {eky} 4 5 E}ikmlgm wm`mgykrky{, eqykl{e wmyke~ wyewk}l qeiko hmhk`kjk wmfhmll{e
hewklf(hewklf,
wmcklffe
ie~ey
wmw}ek
imlfel yeqfmy heqjmy ~mq}weceel 1 W}a}qael gormqefm {elf eqykl{e hmlgej}~ iemqec {elf ymqjeielf ykiej ie~ey ikdelfje} imlfel hmike `ekl 7 Qeiko welfey amqwkbey hoak`m, eqykl{e
ie~ey ikaeve
jmhele wede, imlfel imhkjkel kj`el ie~ey ikweh~ekjel jm~eie ~mlimlfeq ikhele~}l hmqmje amqeie 9 Qeiko eie`ec hmike {elf klyq}wkrm, jeqmle imlfel qeiko hmhejwe ~mlimlfeql{e }ly}j hmlimlfeq = Bqmj}mlwkl{e ie~ey yklffk, hejw}il{e aecve ake{e kj`el ik qeiko qm`eykb h}qec ikaeliklfjel ym`mrkwk, wmcklffe bqmj}mlwkl{e ie~ey ik~mqwmqklf 2 Qeiko amqwkbey khedkleykb, eqykl{e aecve ~mlimlfeq qeiko ikqelfwelf }ly}j amqkhedklewk ymqceie~ ~qoi}j eye} ce` {elf ikkj`eljel 6 Qeiko ie~ey hmlfcel{}yjel ~mlimlfeq, eqykl{e aecve ~ml{keq qeiko ie`eh hml{edkjel ei `k~w imlfel ~mlmjelel iel mhowk, wmcklffe ie~ey hmlfecel{}yjel ~mlimlfeq wmqye hmhaelfjkyjel qewe klfkl yec} }ly}j hmlfmle` `makc de}c ~qoi}j eye} ce` {elf ikkj`eljel Wmde}c klk Aelj AQK ym`ec hmlfkj`eljel Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK jm mh~ey a}ec wyewk}l qeiko, {eky} Qeiko Im`ye, Bmhe`m, Eqiel iel Lklmy{lklmqw ^mhk`kcel qeiko(qeiko ymqwma}y ymly}l{e wm`ekl hmh~mqykhaelfjel jqmikak`kyew iel
==
~o~}`eqkyew ieqk hewklf(hewklf qeiko d}fe {elf ymq~mlyklf {eky} eiel{e jmwmw}ekel elyeqe wmfhml ~mlimlfeq qeiko ymqwma}y imlfel yeqfmy heqjmy ieqk Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK weey klk i, Ak``aoeqi
^mlff}leel ak``aoeqi wmaefek weqele ~mqkj`elel hmq}~ejel
we`ec
wey}
~k`kcel
Aelj
AQK
}ly}j
hmh~qohowkjel jeqy} jqmikyl{e Jeqejymqkwykj ak``aoeqi {elf amqeie ik ~klffkq de`el(de`el {elf wyqeymfkw imlfel }j}qel {elf `}eq akewe amweq hmq}~ejel we`ec wey} e`ewel ~mhk`kcel
ak``aoeqi
wmaefek
we`ec
wey}
weqele
~mqkj`elell{e Weh~ek weey klk Aelj AQK ym`ec hmlmye~jel 5> joye amweq wmaefek ymh~ey {elf iklk`ek ym~ey iel g}j}~ ~oymlwke` }ly}j ~mhewelfel ak``aoeqi kj`el jeqy} jqmikyl{e Eie~}l wm~}`}c joye ymqwma}y {eky} Dejeqye, Aeli}lf, W}qeae{e,
Wmheqelf,
[of{ejeqye,
Wo`o,
Iml~eweq,
Aeldeqhewkl, Hmiel iel ^e`mhaelf Leh}l wmaefek yehaecell{e Aelj AQK d}fe ym`ec hmhewelf ak``aoeqi ik joye Aofoq ^mhewelfel }ly}j ak``aoeqil{e wmlikqk ikymh~eyjel ik~klffkq(~klffkq de`el {elf wyqeymfkw, wm~mqyk golyocl{e ik Dejeqye, ak``aoeqi
amqeie ik ~klffkq de`el {elf welfey
wyqeymfkw {eky} ik de`el qe{e Feyoy W}aqoyo Ikhele `ojewk ~mhewelfell{e amqym~eyel imlfel wmlyqe ~mlikikjel eye} WMLIKJ AQK ]ly}j ik joye Aofoq, ~mhewelfel ak``aoeqi amqeie ik ~klffkq de`el qe{e ^edeqeqel, {elf hmq}~ejel ymh~ey {elf welfey wyqeymfkw jeqmle de`el ^ededeqel hmq}~ejel we`ec de`el qe{e }yehe iel ~e`klf ejykb ik joye Aofoq Heymqk iel imwekl ak``aoeqi ik hewklf(hewklf joye eie`ec wehe imlfel hmloldo`jel wmhao{el ‐Wmh}e Deik Qklfel‘ iel d}fe a}lfe {elf cel{e 1 - Ak``aoeqi Jeqy}
=2
Jqmiky AQK amq}j}qel 3 S 52 Hmymq iel = S 5> Hmymq iel ik`mlfje~k imlfel
bqoly`kfcy
he}~}l aegj`kfcy efeq
ak``aoeqi ymye~ ymqaege ~eie vejy} he`eh ceqk
Imlfel }j}qel {elf amweq, heymqk iel imwekl {elf hmleqkj
wmqye
ikyehaecjell{e
ejwmwoqkw
~mli}j}lf
ikceqe~jel ejel hmleqkj ~mqceykel {elf `makc amweq ieqk wmyke~ ~mlff}le de`el {elf hm`klyewk de`el ymqwma}y Wmcklffe, Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK ie~ey ikjmle` iel wm`e`} ikklfey m Aqow}q
Aqow}q hmq}~ejel wm`maeqel gmyej imlfel aecel jmqyew {elf hmhk`kjk h}y} {elf qm`eykb aekj imlfel `e{ o}y {elf hmleqkj wmqye amheymqkjel wmfe`e ~oymlwk {elf klfkl ik~qohowkjel Aqow}q wmaefek hmike ~mqkj`elel hmhk`kjk jm}lff}`el
amq}~e
jmh}iecel
ie`eh
hmldelfje}
jolw}hml, jeqmle aqow}q klk ikaefkjel wmgeqe `elfw}lf jm jolw}hml Aqow}q
Jeqy}
Jqmiky
AQK
ikboj}wjel
}ly}j
hmloldo`jel bky}q(bky}q jm}lff}`el Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK wm~mqyk a}lfe h}qec, ew}qelwk ~mqwole` eggkimly iel bqmm ell}e` bmm ]ly}j w~mwkbkjewkl{e, aqow}q Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK
amq}j}qel 7> S 15 gh imlfel imlfel aecel hey ~e~mq 511> fqeh ^mlikwyqka}wkel aqow}q wm`ekl ik`ej}jel jm wm`}q}c Jelyoq Geaelf
d}fe ikaefkjel weey ik`ej}jel
jmfkeyel ikqmgy wm``klf, feycmqklf iel msckakykol Aqow}q wmaefek hmike ~mqkj`elel hmhk`kjk jm}lff}`el amq}~e jmh}iecel ie`eh hmldelfje} jolw}hml, jeqmle aqow}q klk ikaefkjel wmgeqe `elfw}lf jmjolw}hml b, Aellmq ik Jelyoq Geaelf Aellmq hmq}~ejel we`ec wey} hmike `}eq q}elf {elf
d}fe ikf}lejel }ly}j hmlfkj`eljel Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK Aellmq ejel ikymh~eyjel hewklf(hewklf wey} a}ec ik
=6
wmyke~ Jelyoq Geaelf imlfel yeqfmy {eky} leweaec ieqk wmyke~ Jelyoq Geaelf Aellmq ikceqe~jel deik hmike eve` }ly}j hmhaelf}l evmqmlmww leweaec ieqk wmyke~ Jelyoq Geaelf ejel eiel{e Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK f Yejm Olm Aos Yejm Olm Aos hmq}~ejel hmike ~mhewelfel heymqk
ie`eh amly}j ymh~ey aqow}q {elf ik`mlfje~k weqele e}iko rkw}e`, aqow}q iel boqh}`kq e~`kjewk Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK Imlfel yejm olm aos klk ikceqe~jel ge`ol leweaec ejel ymqyeqkj }ly}j hmlfehak` boqh}`kq e~`kjewk Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK c ^e~mq aef ^e~mq aef hmq}~ejel amly}j ieqk hmqgcelikwklf
{elf ikf}lejel wmaefek hmike }ly}j hmlfkj`eljel Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK ^e~mq aef ikaefkjel aekj jm~eie ~eqe ~mhmfelf Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK he}~}l ge`ol ~mhmfelf jeqy} ~eie mrmly(mrmly ~qohowk Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK wm~mqyk ie`eh jmfkeyel feycmqklf iel msckakykol 9751 ^mld}e`el ^qkaeik #^mqwole` Wm``klf+ ^mqwole` wm``klf hmq}~ejel
wma}ec
geqe
}ly}j
hmlgk~yejel yvo ve{w gohh}lkgeykol elyeqe ~mq}weceel imlfel ge`ol jolw}hml Imlfel amqymh} `elfw}lf elyeqe ~mld}e`
imlfel
~mham`k
hmh}lfjkljel
~mld}e`
}ly}j
hmlff}fec ceyk ~mham`k imlfel wmfmqe, iel ~eie ymh~ey iel vejy} ky} d}fe ikceqe~jel jolw}hml ie~ey hmlfehak` jm~}y}wel }ly}j hmham`k ^mqwole` wm``klf hmhk`kjk jm`makcel, elyeqe `ekl heh~}
hmleqkj ~mqceykel `makc ael{ej ieqk weweqel Wm`ekl ky} ge`ol ~m`elffel w}`ky hmlfcklieqjel ikqk ieqk ~mwel ymlefe ~mld}e` Jm}lff}`el
`ekl
eie`ec
ymlefe
~mld}e`
hmh~}l{ek
jmwmh~eyel }ly}j hml{mw}ekjel ~mwell{e wmw}ek imlfel hkley ge`ol
~mham`k iel
`makc
hmh}lfjkljel
}ly}j
=3
hmldm`ewjel ce` ce` {elf ymjlkw iel joh~`mjw Wkbey joh}lkjewk i}e eqec klk d}fe ejel welfey hmhaely} ymlefe ~mld}e` ‐hmlf}j}q‘ e~ejec ~qmwmlyewkl{e amqcewk` eye} fefe` Wmaefek cewk`l{e geqe klk welfey mbmjykb }ly}j hmldeqklf ~mham`k aeq}, we{elfl{e o}y~}yl{e {elf amq}~e ge`ol ~mham`k {elf ikcewk`jel imlfel geqe ~mqwole` wm``klf klk welfey ymqaeyew Ie`eh i}lke ~mqaeljel, jc}w}wl{e }ly}j ~qoi}j jeqy} jqmiky, ~mqwole` wm``klf hmq}~ejel we`ec wey} geqe {elf wmqklf ikf}lejel
}ly}j hmleqkj ge`ol leweaec ^mqwole` wm``klf
akewe ik`ej}jel o`mc aelj(aelj ikymh~ey {elf wyqeymfkw wm~mqyk ik ~}wey(~}wey ~mqam`eldeel Jmfkeyel ~mqwole` wm``klf aefk Aelj AQK hmq}~ejel wma}ec wyqeymfk dky} }ly}j hmh~qohowkjel jeqy} jqmikyl{e Eiel{e ~mqymh}el wmgeqe `elfw}lf elyeqe ~kcej aelj imlfel ~}a`kj ie`eh jmfkeyel ~mqwole` wm``klf klk wm`ekl amqhelbeey }ly}j hmh~mlfeq}ck ~}a`kj efeq ymqyeqkj hmldeik ~mhmfelf Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK d}fe ie~ey ikf}lejel wmaefek weqele }ly}j hmlfmi}jewk ~}a`kj ymlyelf e~e iel aefekhele ~mlff}leel Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK ^mqwole` wm``klf ikde`eljel o`mc ~eqe ymlefe ~mheweq
{elf hmq}~ejel feqkw im~el #bqoly `klmq+ Aelj AQK ie`eh amqceie~el `elfw}lf imlfel ~}a`kj Aelj AQK hmhamje`k hmqmje imlfel jmheh~}el ‐hmld}e`‘ {elf aekj iel ~mlfmyec}el {elf hmlie`eh hmlfmlek ~qoi}j Imlfel imhkjkel ikceqe~jel akwe hmlfeyewk jmlie`e hklkhl{e klboqhewk {elf ikymqkhe ~}a`kj ymlyelf Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK Jmfkeyel
~mqwole`
wm``klf
Jeqy}
Jqmiky
AQK
ik`ejwelejel aekj ie`eh `klfj}lfel aelj he}~}l ik`}eq aelj Ie`eh `klfj}lfel aelj ~mqwole` wm``klf ik`ejwelejel ik wmyke~ Jelyoq Geaelf ^eqe jeq{evel ieqk yke~ Jelyoq Geaelf {elf ymqd}l `elfw}lf }ly}j hmh~mqjmle`jel jeqy} jqmiky AQK
=;
jm~eie ~eqe leweaecl{e Wmielfjel }ly}j ik`}eq ~mq}weceel, Aelj AQK hmhk`kc ~}wey(~}wey ~mqam`eldeel iel d}fe jelyoq wmaefek ymh~ey }ly}j hm`elgeqjel ~mqwole` wm``klf Ikymh~ey( ymh~ey ymqwma}y Aelj AQK hmha}je aooyc wmqye hmlmh~eyjel ymlefe(ymlefe ~mheweq ~qobmwkole` }ly}j hmhejwkhe`jel jmfkeyel ~mqwole` wm``klf ymqwma}y ^m`ejweleel ~mqwole` wm``klf wmgeqe jc}w}w ik`ejwelejel iel ikjooqiklewkjel o`mc ymeh ikqmgy wm``klf
Eie~}l jmfkeyel ~mqwole` wm``klf {elf ym`ec eye}~}l wmielf ik`ej}jel o`mc Aelj AQK eie`ec wmaefek amqkj}y 4 e, Goq~oqeym Wm``klf
Jmfkeyel goq~oqeym wm``klf hmq}~ejel jmfkeyel ~mld}e`el `elfw}lf {elf ik`ej}jel ikie`eh fmi}lf(fmi}lf ~mqjelyoqel ~mq}weceel `ekl Aelj AQK hmhewelf aooyc wmqye
hmlmh~eyjel
ymlefe(ymlefe
~mheweql{e
f}le
hmldeqklf ge`ol geqico`imq ieqk jeq{evel jelyoq ymqwma}y Yeam` 6 Ieye ~mq}weceel }ly}j jmfkeyel Goq~oqeym Wm``klf Lo
Lehe ^mq}weceel
5
Fo`b Qelgehe{e
1
Fo`b C]Y [e{ewel Gkjmew
7
^Y Yqelwyehe @ofkwykj
9
QW Ceqe~el Jkye
=
^Y Wqkaofe Gmhmq`elf
2
Jmi}amw ^mqelgkw
6
Qo{e` Aq}lmk
3
Ewjqkie
;
KVE^K
5>
F`oae` YR
55
Feq}ie Kliolmwke
51
Elfjewe ^}qe
W}hamq 4 Qm~oqy Aefkel ^mld}e`el Jeqy} Jqmiky
2>
^eie Yeam` 6 hml}ld}jel lehe(lehe ~mq}weceel {elf ~mqlec ikdeikjel ymh~ey ~m`ejweleel goq~oqeym wm``klf ieqk Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK Hmwjk~}l d}h`ec e~`kjewk {elf ikie~ey ykiej ie`eh d}h`ec {elf amweq leh}l goq~oqeym iklk`ek g}j}~ hmlf}ly}lfjel jeqmle imlfel
wm``klf
goq~oqeym wm``klf heje ie~ey hmldeqklf geqico`imq imlfel
kimlykyew {elf `makc dm`ew wmcklffe hmh}iecjel }ly}j ~qowmw e~`kjewk iel ~mlefkcel jeqy} jqmikyl{e lelyk a Ikqmgy Wm``klf ik Begyoq{ O}y`my Joqmj E~k Dmelw Fqo}~w
We`ec wey} amly}j jmqdewehe elyeqe Aelj AQK imlfel Joqmj E~k Dmelw Fqo}~ {eky} imlfel ~mha}jeel aooyc }ly}j jmfkeyel ikqmgy wm``klf ik begyoq{ o}y`my {elf
ymqhew}j ikie`eh Joqmj E~k Dmelw Fqo}~ Begyoq{ o}y`my hmq}~ejel we`ec wey} e`ymqleykb w~oy {elf ~oymlwke` ikjeqmlejel weey klk jmamqeieel begyoq{ o}y`my hmlie~ey elkho {elf g}j}~ amweq ieqk hew{eqejey wmaefek e`ymqleykb ymh~ey }ly}j amqam`elde g, Ikqmgy Wm``klf AQK ^mi}`k Aeldkq
Jmfkeyel ikqmgy wm``klf ymqhew}j ie`eh qelfjekel jmfkeyel
~eie
~qofqeh
AQK
^mi}`k
Aeldkq
{elf
ik`ejwelejel ik M`mgyqolkg Gky{ iel Cohm Gkmlyqo ~eie a}`el Bmaq}eqk 1>>6 Aelj AQK hmha}je go}lymq ikyojo( yojo ymqwma}y wm`ekl imlfel y}d}el }yehel{e }ly}j ikqmgy wm``klf ie`eh qelfje ej}wkwk Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK iel d}fe
ik`ejwelejel f}le hmli}j}lf ~mlfjoh}lkjewkel ~qofqeh gkgk`el >- aefk joqael aeldkq {elf amqam`elde ikyojo(yojo ymqwma}y i Msckakykol
^qofqeh msckakykol Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK ejel ikfm`eq ik he`` 5> joye amweq ik Kliolmwke imlfel ~k`oy ~qodmgy {eky} ik Aeli}lf iel W}qeae{e Msckakykol ikdeive`jel ejel amq`elfw}lf 5 E~qk` 1>>6 ‗ 7> Hmk 1>>6 Imlfel vejy}
25
i}e a}`el ymqwma}y ejel ikhelbeeyjel wmaekj h}lfjkl o`mc Aelj AQK f}le hmldeqklf ge`ol geqico`imq ikwmqyek imlfel }~e{e ~mlfmle`el iel ~mlfmi}jewkel ejel Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK jm~eie ~}a`kj 9757 ^qohowk ^mld}e`el
Imvewe klk ie`eh akwlkw jeqy} jqmiky, amly}j ~qofqeh ~qohowk ~mld}e`el wmielf ‐ikfe`ejjel‘ o`mc ~eqe ~m`ej} akwlkw jeqy} jqmiky #kww}mq+ Hewklf(hewklf kww}mq amq`ohae(`ohae }ly}j hm`}lg}qjel amqaefek jmfkeyel ~qohowk ~mld}e`el f}le hmleqkj iel hmheldejel ~eqe ~mhmfelf jeqy}l{e Amly}j jmfkeyel ~qohowk ~mld}e`el l{e ~}l amqhegeh(hegeh, h}`ek ieqk ~mhamqkel hmqgcelikwm weh~ek d}fe ~mhamqkel w~mgke` ikwgo}ly
]ly}j ~qofqeh ~qohowk ~mld}e`el jeqy} jqmikyl{e e~e {elf ym`ec iel wmielf ik`ej}jel o`mc Aelj AQK weey klk ykiej de}c amqamie imlfel ~qofqeh ieqk ~eqe kww}mq `ekll{e Aelj AQK hmhamqkjel ~okly qmveqi, ~qofqeh gkgk`el a}lfe >iel hm`ej}jel jmqdewehe imlfel ~eqe hmqgcely }ly}j hmhamqkjel ikwgo}ly aefk wmyke~ ~mhmfelf Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK Aelj AQK d}fe hm`}lg}qjel ~qofqeh w~mgke` ikwgo}ly imlfel wje`e {elf `makc amweq wm~mqyk ~qofqeh hmqgcely ikwgo}ly w~mgke` C]Y AQK iel d}fe ~qofqeh Aeli}lf @e}yel Ikwjol
Amqkj}y wmgeqe w~mwkbkj amly}j ieqk jmfkeyel(jmfkeyel ~qohowk ~mld}e`el {elf ym`ec ik`ejwelejel }ly}j Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK 4 e, Hmqgcely Ikwgo}ly
Hmqgcely ikwgo}ly eie`ec ~qofqeh ~mhamqkel
ikwjol aefk ~eqe geqico`imq {elf hmlff}lejel Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK }ly}j ~mham`eldeel ik hkyqe #hmqgcely+ {elf amjmqdewehe imlfel Aelj AQK Eie~}l golyoc ~qofqeh hmqgcely ikwgo}ly {elf ~mqlec ik`ejwelejel {eky} ikwgo}ly
21
wmamweq 1>- }ly}j yqelwejwk am`elde ik Goge W}jk Qmwye}qely, Iek`{ Aqmei iel Heyeceqk Im~y Wyoqm a ^qofqeh Hmqgcely Ikwgo}ly W~mgke` C]Y AQK
^qofqeh Hmqgcely Ikwgo}ly W~mgke` C]Y AQK hmq}~ejel jmqdewehe Aelj AQK imlfel C{~mqheqy ie`eh qelfje hmh~mqklfeyk ceqk }`elf yec}l AQK {elf hmlfkldej }wkel{e
{elf jm(555 yec}l ~eie yelffe` 52 Imwmhamq
1>>2 ^qofqeh w~mgke` hmqgcely ikwgo}ly klk cel{e amq`elfw}lf wey} ceqk wede imlfel ~mhamqkel ikwjol wmamweq 7=- aefk wmyke~ ~mhmfelf Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK {elf hm`ej}jel yqelwejwk am`elde ik C{~mqheqy Ce` klk ik`ej}jel o`mc Aelj AQK wmaefek v}d}i ~mlfceqfeel jm~eie ~eqe geqico`imql{e efeq hmqmje ymye~ `o{e` ymqceie~ Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK g ^qofqeh Aeli}lf @e}yel Ikwjol
^qofqeh Aeli}lf @e}yel Ikwjol hmq}~ejel wma}ec ~qofqeh amweq ieqk ~qohowk ~mld}e`el {elf ik`ej}jel o`mc Aelj AQK ^eie ~qofqeh klk Aelj AQK hmhamqkjel w~mgke` ikwgo}ly wmamweq 1=- aefk wmyke~ ~mhmfelf Jeqy} Jqmiky
AQK {elf hm`ej}jel yqelwejwk imlfel hmlff}lejel Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK ik wmh}e hmqgcely {elf hmlde`kl jmqdewehe imlfel Aelj AQK ikjoye Aeli}lf wm~mqyk Begyoq{ O}y`my Joqmj E~k Dmelw Fqo}~ #11 BO+, Coym` Fqeli Wmqm`e, Coym` Eqkol, Wvkww Am`` Coym`, Eyhow~cmqm Gebë, A}ha} Imwe, Wehaeqe iel Iefo ^`ete ^mhk`kcel joye Aeli}lf ikieweqjel ~mqykhaelfel aecve joye
Aeli}lf hmq}~ejel ymh~ey {elf g}j}~
eyqejykb iel ymqjmle` wmaefek ‘w}qfe‘l{e am`elde ^qofqeh Aeli}lf @e}yel Ikwjol amq`elfw}lf j}qelf `makc wey} a}`el ymqcky}lf h}`ek 5= Ojyoamq weh~ek imlfel 5= Lormhamq 1>>2 eye} amqym~eyel imlfel a}`el Qeheicel iel d}fe `ka}qel ceqk qe{e Ki}` Bkyqk, wmcklffe hmldeik
27
hohml {elf ym~ey jeqmle weey hmldm`elf `ka}q `maeqel iel ~ewge `maeqel oqelf gmlimq}lf am`elde ^m`ejweleel ~qofqeh w~mgke` ikwgo}ly amqyed}j Aeli}lf @e}yel Ikwjol klk ikceqe~jel ie~ey hmhaelf}l evmqmlmww
aecve
Jeqy}
Jqmiky
AQK
hmhamqkjel
jmh}iecel iel bewk`kyew hmleqkj aefk ~mhmfelf jeqy}l{e Imlfel imhkjkel ~eqe geqico`imq ejel wmhejkl `o{e` ymqceie~ Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK i ^okly Qmveqi ^okly qmveqi hmq}~ejel ~qofqeh ~mhamqkel ~okly
jm~eie geqico`imq {elf hm`ej}jel yqelwejwk imlfel Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK Ieqk wmyke~ yqelwejwk {elf ik`ej}jel o`mc ~eqe geqico`imq ejel hmlie~eyjel ~okly(~okly ymqymly} {elf
lelykl{e ejel ikej}h}`ewkjel Cewk` ej}h}`ewk ~okly(~okly ymqwma}y lelykl{e ie~ey iky}jeqjel #qmimh~ykol+ imlfel aeqelf eye} bewk`kyew `ekl {elf ikwmikejel o`mc Aelj AQK Imlfel ~mhamqkel ~okly qmveqi klk ikceqe~jel ie~ey hmqelfwelf
~eqe
}ly}j
geqico`imq
wmgeqe
ejykb
hmlff}lejel Jeqy} Jqmiky AQKl{e m ^qofqeh Gkgk`el A}lfe >-
^qofqeh gkgk`el a}lfe >- hmq}~ejel wma}ec ~qofqeh Aelj AQK {elf amqjmqdewehe imlfel hmqgcely ymqymly} }ly}j hmhamqkjel klwmlykb amq}~e gkgk`el a}lfe wmamweq >- aefk wmyke~ geqico`imq {elf hm`ej}jel yqelwejwk imlfel hmlff}lejel Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK ik hmqgcely ymqwma}y ^qofqeh gkgk`el a}lfe >- ~eie ieweql{e
hmq}~ejel
wma}ec
~qofqeh
{elf
amqy}d}el
}ly}j
hmlklfjeyjel ~mlff}leel Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK Wmde}c klk Aelj AQK ym`ec i}e je`k hm`ejwelejel ~qofqeh gkgk`el >{eky} ~eie ~qofqeh AQK ^mi}`k Aeldkq iel d}fe ~eie jmqdewehel{e imlfel Wogke`kym Ao}yku}m
29
^qofqeh AQK ^mi}`k Aeldkq ^qofqeh AQK ^mi}`k Aeldkq hmq}~ejel w}ey} amly}j v}d}i jm~mi}`kel ieqk Aelj AQK ymqceie~ amlgele aeldkq amweq {elf hmlkh~e joye Dejeqye ~eie eve` Bmaq}eqk 1>>6 Aelj AQK hml{eieqk aecve ael{ej veqfe
Dejeqye
{elf
hmlfe`ehk
jmq}fkel
amq}~e
jmck`elfel eye} jmq}wejel ~mqe`eyel q}hec yelffel{e, jc}w}wl{e aeqelf m`mjyqolkj, ejkaey ieqk aeldkq klk O`mc jeqmle ky}, Aelj AQK hmlde`kl jmqdewehe imlfel i}e a}ec ~}wey m`mjyqolkj iel ~mqe`eyel q}hec yelffe ymqlehe ik Dejeqye {eky} M`mgyqolkg Gky{ iel Cohm Gkmlyqo }ly}j hmhamqkjel a}lfe gkgk`el wmamweq >aefk ~mhmfelf jeqy} Jqmiky AQK #jc}w}wl{e ~eqe joqael aeldkq+ {elf amqam`elde ik yojo(yojo ymqwma}y
^qofqeh Jmqdewehe imlfel Wogke`kym Ao}yku}m ^eie ~qofqeh klk Aelj AQK amqjmqdewehe imlfel wma}ec a}ykj ymqlehe ik Dejeqye, {eky} Wogke`kym Ao}yku}m }ly}j hmhamqkjel gkgk`el weh~ek imlfel 51 je`k imlfel a}lfe >- aefk ~eqe geqico`imq {elf hmlff}lejel Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK }ly}j amqyqelwejwk ik Wogke`kym
Ao}yku}m
Aelj
AQK
hmlk`ek
Wogke`kym
Ao}yku}m ie~ey hmvejk`k wmfhml ckfc g`eww Dejeqye imlfel imhkjkel ie~ey hmhaelf}l khefm ieqk Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK wmaefek wma}ec ~qoi}j `kbmwy{`m f ]likel Am`elde Amqceikec
^eie ~qofqeh klk Aelj AQK amjmqdewehe imlfel Joqmj E~k Dmelw Fqo}~ ik Aeli}lf, imlfel hmhamqkjel }likel am`elde amqceikec aefk wmyke~ geqico`imq {elf amqyqelwejwk hmlff}lejel Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK ik 11 a}ec Begyoq{ O}y`my {elf ymqfea}lf ie`eh Joqmj E~k Dmelw
Fqo}~ ^eqe geqico`imq jeqy} Jqmiky AQK {elf amqam`elde wmlk`ek Q~ 5>>>> ejel hmh~mqo`mc 5 a}ec j}~ol #iel
2=
amq`ej} jm`k~eyell{e+ {elf lelykl{e ejel ik}lik imlfel ceikec }yehe Ymqkow iel ceikec `ekll{e wm~mqyk hoyoq, yea}lfel wmqye ro}gcmq am`elde 9759 ^}a`kwkyew iel C}a}lfel Hew{eqejey
^eie wky}ewk `klfj}lfel {elf wmhejkl joh~`mjw imvewe klk ymly}l{e ~mqelel ieqk ~}a`kwkyew iel c}a}lfel hew{eqejey amqeie ie`eh yklfjey ~mlyklf ie`eh ymqgk~yel{e joh}lkjewk i}e eqec elyeqe ~kcej ~mq}weceel imlfel ~}a`kj ^}a`kwkyew iel c}a}lfel hew{eqejey ikf}lejel wmaefek e`ey }ly}j hmh~mq`elgeq ~mhecehel {elf ym~ey ejel wmfe`e ~mwel iel klboqhewk {elf ikweh~ekjel o`mc ~mq}weceel jm~eie ~}a`kj, wmcklffe ie~ey hmlfmbmjykbjel iel hmlfmbkwkmljel }~e{e(}~e{e ie`eh ~mlge~ekel y}d}ell{e Wmde}c klk }ly}j jmfkeyel ~}a`kjewk Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK `makc
ael{ej
hmhelbeeyjel
hmike
~mhamqkyeel
{elf
~mq}weceel jm`o`e wmlikqk {eky} hm`e`}k hede`ec klymql ~mq}weceel Leh}l, ie`eh jm~mlyklfell{e }ly}j ~}a`kjewk jm ~}a`kj {elf `makc `}ew `efk Aelj AQK
amq}wece }ly}j
hmhakle c}a}lfel {elf aekj imlfel qmjel ~mqw eye} hmike Imlfel ~mhakleel c}a}lfel aekj ymqwma}y heje ikceqe~ejel ~eqe qmjel ~mqw eye} hmike ejel hm`ej}jel ~mhamqkyeel( ~mhamqkyeel {elf ~owkykb }ly}j Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK jmymlfec ~}a`kj Wmielfjel }ly}j jmfkeyel c}a}lfel hew{eqejey, `elfjec {elf ikymh~}c o`mc Aelj AQK {eky} imlfel hm`ej}jel jmfkeyel feycmqklf imlfel leweaec iel qmjel akwlkw Jmfkeyel feycmqklf klk hmq}~ejel }~e{e Aelj AQK }ly}j `makc hmlimjeyjel ikqk imlfel ~eqe leweaecl{e wmcklffe leweaec ejel hmldeik wmhejkl `o{e` imlfel Aelj AQK
22
Eie~}l wmgeqe `makc w~mwkbkj amly}j jmfkeyel ~}a`kwkyew iel c}a}lfel hew{eqejey {elf wmde}c klk ym`ec ik`ejwelejel o`mc Aelj AQK }ly}j ~qoi}j jeqy} jqmikyl{e eie`ec wmaefek amqkj}y4 e Hmike eli ^qmww Qm`eykolw Hmike
eli
^qmww
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eye} mbmj ~}a`kwkyew yklffk hmhk`kjk ~mlfeq}c {elf `}eq akewe amweql{e ymqceie~ ~mhamly}jel o~klk ~}a`kj ie`eh vejy} {elf qm`eykb wklfjey, wmc}a}lfel imlfel d}h`ec e}ikmlw eye} ~mhaege {elf ymqwmaeq ikamqaefek ymh~ey eye} jevewel ie`eh vejy} {elf amqweheel O`mc jeqmle ky}, Aelj AQK wm`e`} amq}wece hmldefe c}a}lfel {elf aekj iel ceqholkw imlfel qmjel ~mqw aekj ieqk hmike gmyej he}~}l hmike m`mjyqolkj We`ec wey} v}d}i l{eye ieqk }~e{e ~mhakleel c}a}lfel aekj elyeqe Aelj AQK imlfel qmjel ~mqw {eky} ik}lielfl{e ~eqe qmjel ~mqw }ly}j hmlfceikqk jolbmqmlwk ~mqw fqeli `e}lgcklf Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK Wm`ekl ky} d}fe Aelj AQK hmlff}lejel dewe ym`mrkwk, qeiko, joqel he}~}l hede`ec wmaefek hmike }ly}j hmlfkj`eljel Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK
26
a Fqeli @e}lgcklf iel ^qmww Golbmqmlgm
We`ec wey} ~qofqeh wowke`kwewk iel ~qohowk eve` {elf ik`ej}jel o`mc Aelj AQK }ly}j Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK {eky} ikwm`mlffeqejell{e egeqe fqeli `e}lgcklf Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK Fqeli `e}lgcklf hmq}~ejel wma}ec mrmly {elf iky}d}jel }ly}j ~m`}lg}qel Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK jmymlfec ~}a`kj Egeqe
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qm`ewk(qm`ewkl{e wmaefek v}d}i ~mlfceqfeel ieqk Aelj AQK eyew hmqmje {elf ym`ec wmyke hmldeik aefkel ieqk Aelj AQK wm`ehe klk Wmaefek aefkel ieqk egeqe ie`eh fqeli `e}lgcklf klk {eky} ikeiejell{e ~qmww golbmqmlgm }ly}j ~m`}lg}qel Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK imlfel hmlf}lielf ~eqe qmjel ~mqw aekj ieqk hmike gmyej he}~}l hmike m`mjyqolkj Imlfel jmceikqel ~eqe qmjel ~mqw heje ikceqe~jel Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK ie~ey ymq~}a`kjewkjel imlfel aekj jmymlfec ~}a`kj g Feycmqklf
Jmfkeyel feycmqklf {elf ikde`eljel o`mc Aelj AQK }ly}j Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK klk ymqikqk ieqk i}e dmlkw jmfkeyel {eky} Gowy}hmq Feycmqklf iel A}wklmww Feycmqklf Jmi}e feycmqklf ~eie klykl{e hmq}~ejel jmfkeyel ~mqymh}el
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23
e~`kjewk iel aqow}q Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK Jmfkeyel feycmqklf klk hmq}~ejel }~e{e Aelj AQK }ly}j ymq}w hmhakle c}a}lfel aekj imlfel ~eqe leweaec he}~}l qmjel akwlkwl{e Jmfkeyel A}wklmww Feycmqklf weh~ek weey klk ym`ec ik`ejwelejel ik `khe }lky jmqdel{e {eky} Jelyoq Vk`e{ec Iml~eweq, Jelyoq Vk`e{ec Hejeweq, Jelyoq Geaelf Beyheveyk, Jelyoq Geaelf ^olioj Kliec, Jelyoq Geaelf ^eweq Hklff} Wmielfjel }ly}j Gowy}hmq Feycmqklf ik`ejwelejel ik joye(joye amweq wm`}q}c Kliolmwke, wm~mqyk Dejeqye, W}qeae{e, Wmheqelf, Aeli}lf, Iml~eweq iel Hejeweq
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leweaec AQK {elf am`}h hmhk`kjk Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK Ikhele leweaec ymqwma}y ikjkqkhk w}qey {elf amqkwkjel aqow}q e~`kjewk }ly}j Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK Imlfel ikqmgy hek`
6>
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65
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61
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6=
I Jeqejymqkwykj ^qoi}j
Dmlkw iel geqe ~ml{eh~ekel klboqhewk ~qoi}j hm`e`}k wyqeymfk ~qohowk {elf ikf}lejel ceq}w ikwmw}ekjel imlfel jeqejymqkwykj ~qoi}j Jeqejymqkwykj ~qoi}j ieqk Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK wmaefek wma}ec e`ey ~mhae{eqel m`mjyqolkj ael{ej amqfely}lf ~eie bewk`kyew eye} bky}q(bky}q {elf ikyeveqjel O`mc jeqmle ky}, ie`eh ~mqmlgeleel wyqeymfkw ieqk jmfkeyel ~qohowk Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK cmliejl{e ik~qkoqkyewjel bewk`kyew eye} bky}q(bky}q hele wede {elf cmliej ikyoldo`jel o`mc Aelj AQK }ly}j ie~ey hmleqkj hkley ~}a`kj }ly}j hmldeik geqico`imq he}~}l d}fe }ly}j hmlklfjeyjel ~mlff}leel Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK o`mc ~eqe geqico`imql{e M WY^
WY^ {elf dm`ew iel dky} hmq}~ejel we`ec wey} bejyoq jmamqcewk`el ieqk wyqeymfk ~qohowk {elf ikde`eljel o`mc ~mq}weceel WY^ ikdeikjel wmaefek `eliewel aefk ~mq}weceel efeq `makc boj}w ie`eh
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Ymqie~eyl{e cmymqofmlkyew ie`eh w}ey} ~eweq hmlfceq}wjel ~mq}weceel }ly}j hmlfj`ewkbkjewkjell{e jm ie`eh w}ey} wmfhml( wmfhml ymqymly} Ce` klk ikjeqmlejel jeqmle ymqaeyewl{e w}hamqie{e ~mq}weceel }ly}j ie~ey hm`e{elk wmh}e wmfhml {elf eie ie`eh ~eweq Wmfhmlyeykol ik`ej}jel imlfel hmh~mqykhaelfjel imlfel ~oymlwk {elf ymqie~ey ie`eh wmfhml {elf ymly}l{e ceq}w wmw}ek imlfel e~e {elf hmldeik y}d}el ~mq}weceel Wmde}c klk wmfhmlyewk {elf ikboj}wjel o`mc Aelj AQK }ly}j Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK {eky} wmfhmlyewk amqieweqjel fmofqebkw Aelj AQK hmlwmfhmlyewkjel 5> joye amweq ikyehaec 9 joye `ekll{e wmaefek boj}w ie`eh jmfkeyel ~qohowkl{e Joye(joye ymqwma}y ikelffe~ welfey ~oymlwke` }ly}j ~mqy}ha}cel Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK jmim~ell{e
62
a Yeqfmyklf
Wmym`ec ~mq}weceel hmlmly}jel wmfhmlyewkl{e heje `elfjec wm`eld}yl{e {elf ik`ej}jel {eky} hmlmye~jel ~eweq weweqel #yeqfmyklf+ Imlfel hmhk`kc wmaefkel ik elyeqe jolw}hml }ly}j ik~}y}wjel wmaefek jm`oh~oj {elf klfkl ik`e{elk ~mq}weceel imlfel wmaekj(aekjl{e, ikceqe~jel w}hamq ie{e ~mq}weceel ejel ie~ey ikie{ef}lejel wmgeqe hejwkhe` Ymqjeky imlfel wmfhmlyewk {elf ikboj}wjel o`mc Aelj AQK }ly}j Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK {eky} ~eie 5> joye amweq ikyehaec 9 joye `ekll{e heje }ly}j yeqfmyklf l{e Aelj AQK hmhakikj leweaec AQK
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hmlfjoh}lkjewkjel helbeey ~qoi}j {elf kwykhmve ieqk ~qoi}j wmaekj iel wm}lkj h}lfjkl ik ie`eh ~eweq, wmcklffe ~qoi}j {elf ikyeveqjel ~mq}weceel ie~ey hmlmh~eyk ~mqwm~wk {elf ym~ey ikamlej jolw}hml ^owkykolklf {elf amq}wece ikaelf}l o`mc Aelj AQK
}ly}j Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK {eky} jeqy} jqmiky imlfel a}lfe {elf ~e`klf h}qec Amweql{e a}lfe Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK cel{e wmamweq 1- Ymly}l{e ce` {elf kwykhmve klk ejel welfey hmleqkj aefk ~}a`kj
O`mc jeqmle ky}, imlfel wyqeymfk ~qohowk {elf ym~ey
heje ikceqe~jel jmkwykhmveel ymqwma}y ie~ey hmlmh~eyk ~owkwk {elf kwykhmve d}fe ikamlej ~}a`kj B ^mqweklfel
Yklfjey ~mqweklfel hmldeik wma}ec ~mqykhaelfel aefk ~mq}weceel }ly}j hml{}w}l wyqeymfk ~qohowkl{e Ymq`makc `efk aefk Aelj AQK wmaefek ~mlieyelf aeq} ie`eh akwlkw jeqy} jqmiky iel
66
`elfw}lf ikceie~jel ~eie yklfjey ~mqweklfel {elf yklffk Hmldeik ce` {elf ~mlyklf aefk Aelj AQK }ly}j hmlfmle`k ~eqe ~mweklfl{e Wmfe`e amly}j ejykrkyew ~mweklf aekj ie`eh jmfkeyell{e }ly}j hmlfklboqhewkjel ~qoi}j he}~}l }ly}j hmlfej}wkwk ge`ol ~mhmfelf jeqy} jqmiky hmldeik ce` {elf ykiej akwe ikeaekjel Ce` klk jkel hmldeik ~mlyklf aefk Aelj AQK wmaefek aecel mre`}ewk ejel jmfkeyel ~qohowk {elf ym`ec ik`ej}jel he}~}l ie~ey hmldeik aecel ~mqykhaelfel ejel jmfkeyel ~qohowk {elf ikqmlgelejel ejel ik`ejwelejel jmim~ell{e 991 Ejyoq {elf Amq~mlfeq}c ie`eh ^mhk`kcel Wyqeymfk ^qohowk Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK
Ejyoq(ejyoq ie`eh ~mq}weceel {elf ymq`kaey eye} hmhk`kjk ~mlfeq}c ie`eh ~ml{}w}lel wyqeymfk ~qohowk Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK eie`ec Yo~ Helefmhmly, Rkgm ^qmwkimly ob Gqmiky Geqi , Cmei ob Gqmiky Geqi A}wklmww Imrm`o~hmly Im~y, Cmei ob Gqmiky Geqi We`mw " Fmlmqe` Ebbekqw Im~y Yo~ Helefmhmly {elf
hm`k~}yk dedeqel `klk eyew ieqk
~mq}weceel, hmhk`kjk je~ewkyew }ly}j hmlfmwecjel wyqeymfk ~qohowk Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK Wm`ekl ky} d}fe Yo~ Helefmhmly hmhk`kjk jm~mlyklfel ie`eh hmhamqkjel hew}jel(hew}jel eyew wyqeymfk ~qohowk {elf ym`ec ikw}w}l
iel amqde`el amqieweqjel cm`kgo~ymq
rkmvl{e eyew lehe jm~mlyklfel ~mq}weceel wmgeqe jmwm`}q}cel Rkgm ^qmwkimly ob Gqmiky Geqi {elf hmhaeveck `elfw}lf
ikrkwk Gqmiky Geqi hmhk`kjk vmvmlelf iel yelff}lf devea }ly}j hmlfey}q wmqye hmlfevewk amqaefek hegeh `elfjec wyqeymfkw {elf hml{elfj}y Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK Ie`eh jekyell{e imlfel wyqeymfk ~qohowk Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK, wmoqelf Rkgm ^qmwkimly ob Gqmiky Geqi amqyelff}lf devea }ly}j
hmlmqdmhecjel rkwk iel hkwk joq~oqey
jmie`eh wyqeymfk ~qohowk Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK iel d}fe hmlfeqecjel wyqeymfk ~qohowk Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK efeq wmde`el imlfel rkwk Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK
63
Cmei ob Gqmiky Geqi A}wklmww Imrm`o~hmly Im~y amqyelff}lf
devea ymqceie~ 9 jmfkeyel }yehe ie`eh ~mq}h}wel eye} ~ml{}w}lel wyqeymfk ~qohowk Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK, {eky} #5+ hm`ej}jel ele`kwe ~eweq }ly}j hmlmly}jel wyqeymfk ~qohowk {elf wmw}ek imlfel rkwk Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK: #1+ hml{}w}l jolwm~ wmfhmlyeykol, yeqfmyklf, ~owkykolklf, ikbbmqmlykeykol iel aqeli Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK: #7+ hml{}w}l jolwm~
~qohowk Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK wmw}ek imlfel yeqfmy heqjmy: #9+ hml{}w}l ejykrkyew ~qohowk ie`eh amly}j heqjmyklf aeyy`m ~`el Cmei ob Gqmiky Geqi We`mw " Fmlmqe` Ebbekqw Im~y
amqjooqiklewk imlfel Cmei ob Gqmiky Geqi A}wklmww Imrm`o~hmly Im~y ie`eh hml{}w}l wyqeymfk ~qohowk Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK efeq ie~ey
ikkh~`mhmlyewkjel jmie`eh amqaefek amly}j wm``klf egykrky{ Wm`ekl ky} d}fe wmoqelf Cmei ob Gqmiky Geqi We`mw " Fmlmqe` Ebbekqw Im~y amqyelff}lf devea ie`eh ~m`ejweleel wm``klf egykrky{ Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK wmw}ek imlfel heqjmyklf aeyy`m ~`el {elf ym`ec ikw}w}l 997 Y}d}el Wyqeymfk ^qohowk Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK
^mlmly}el y}d}el ie`eh hmq}h}wjel wyqeymfk hmq}~ejel ew~mj {elf ~mlyklf iel hmhmq`}jel ~mqceykel {elf wmqk}w ieqk ~mq}weceel Y}d}el amqb}lfwk wmaefek e`ey joh}lkjewk iel jooqiklewk, hmhamqkjel jqkymqke ie`eh ~mlfehak`el jm~}y}wel, wmqye wmaefek e`ey mre`}ewk #I}qkelyo my e` , 1>>7+ Amqkj}y eie`ec y}d}el ieqk jmfkeyel ~qohowk Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK 4 5 Hmh~mqjmle`jel wmqye Hmhaelf}l Eveqmlmww {elf J}ey ejel Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK hmq}~ejel ~qoi}j ~mqaeljel {elf aeq} ikjm`}eqjel o`mc Aelj AQK, o`mc jeqmle ky} welfey ~mlyklf }ly}j hmh~mqjmle`jel jm~eie ~}a`kj eye} jc}w}wl{e ~eqe leweaec Aelj AQK ejel jmamqeieel Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK wmaefek we`ec wey} e`ymqleykb e`ey ~mhae{eqel m`mjyqolkw }ly}j hmh~mqh}iec jmfkeyel yqelwejwk Imlfel hm`elgeqjel amqaefek hegeh klrewk ~eweq hm`e`}k jmfkeyel ~qohowk heje ikceqe~jel ~}a`kj eye}~}l leweaec ejel eveqm ejel jmamqeieel Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK Aecjel `makc ie`eh `efk ikceqe~jel
6;
jmamqeieel Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK ie~ey hmlmh~eyk ~owkwk jc}w}w ik amlej ~}a`kj 1 Hmlioqolf Jolw}hml }ly}j Hmlklfjeyjel ^mlff}leel Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK ^eie akwlkw jeqy} jqmiky ~mlklfjeyel d}h`ec yqelwejwk ieqk ~eqe geqico`imq hmq}~ejel we`ec wey} y}d}el {elf ~e`klf ~mlyklf ie`eh hm`ej}jel jmfkeyel ~qohowk Imlfel d}h`ec yqelwejwk {elf {elf wmhejkl hmlklfjey heje ymly}l{e `eae {elf ik~mqo`mc d}fe ejel wmhejkl hmlklfjey
@makc ie`eh `efk, imlfel hmlioqolf
geqico`imq }ly}j hmlklfjeyjel ~mlff}leel Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK
heje d}fe ie~ey amq~mlfeq}c ymqceie~ ~mlklfjeyel `o{e`kyew ~eqe geqico`imq
7 Hmlklfjeyjel Ro`}hm ^mld}e`el Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK ie`eh Qelfje Hmh~mq`}ew Heqjmy Wceqm Delfje ^eldelf E~eak`e ~}a`kj ym`ec eveqm ejel jmamqeieel Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK heje ceqe~el wm`eld}yl{e eie`ec efeq jolw}hml ymqyeqkj }ly}j hmldeik ~mhmfelf Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK Y}d}el klk ie~ey ymqge~ek ymly}l{e e~eak`e Aelj AQK amq}wece hmha}d}j eye} hmlkha}`jel ~mqhklyeel ejel Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK Imlfel wmhejkl ael{ejl{e d}h`ec ~mqhklyeel ejel Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK heje ejel hmh~mq`}ew heqjmy wceqm delfje ~eldelfl{e
999 E`ymqleykb Wyqeymfk ^qohowk Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK
E`ymqleykb wyqeymfk ~qohowk {elf ie~ey ik`ejwelejel o`mc Aelj AQK }ly}j ie~ey hmlge~ek y}d}el(y}d}el {elf ikymye~jel eie`ec 4 5 E`ymqleykb E
4
Hmlklfjeyjel
bqmj}mlwk/klymlwkyew
eaorm ycm `klm, jc}w}wl{e kj`el
~qohowk
~eie hmike
m`mjyqolkj he}~}l hmike gmyej 1 E`ymqleykb A
4 @makc
~qoejykb ie`eh
hm`ej}jel ~mqwole`
wm``klf iel ikqmgy heqjmyklf
7 E`ymqleykb G
4 Ejykb hm`ej}jel ~qohowk am`ov ycm `klm imlfel amly}j jmfkeyel msckakykol iel ~mhamqkel w~olwoqwck~
3>
9 E`ymqleykb I
4 Hmh~mqael{ej jmqdewehe imlfel hmqgcely {elf ymqjmh}je
= E`ymqleykb M
4 Hm`ej}jel ~qohowk ~mld}e`el imlfel ~qofqeh {elf `makc hmleqkj iel hmlfjoh}lkjewkjell{e imlfel klymlwkb
9= Ele`kwkw ^mhk`kcel E`ymqleykb Wyqeymfk ^qohowk imlfel EC^
Amqieweqjel bejyoq {elf hmh~mlfeq}ck, ejyoq {elf amqjm~mlyklfel wmqye y}d}el {elf klfkl ikge~ek heje ikw}w}l wyq}jy}q ckqeqjk {elf ymqikqk ieqk `khe yklfjey wm~mqyk {elf ie~ey ik`kcey ik Fehaeq 7, ikhele ~eie yklfjey wey} {eky} boj}w eye} foe`, yklfjey i}e eie`ec bejyoq {elf hmh~mlfeq}ck ~ml{}w}lel wyqeymfk ~qohowk, yklfjey ykfe eie`ec bejyoq {elf amqjm~mlyklfel iel hmhk`kjk ~mqelel ie`eh hml{}w}l wyqeymfk ~qohowk, yklfjey mh~ey eie`ec y}d}el {elf klfkl ikge~ek, iel yklfjey `khe eie`ec e`ymqleykb(e`ymqleykb {elf ie~ey ik~k`kc o`mc ~mq}weceel }ly}j hmlge~ek y}d}el ~qohowkl{e Boj}w
Ele`kwkw ^mhk`kcel Wyqeymfk ^qohowk Jeqy} Jqmiky Aelj Qej{ey Kliolmwke
Bejyoq
EF^
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E`ymqleykb
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A
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M
35
Jmymqelfel 4 Yklfjey 5 4 Foe` {elf hmldeik klyk eye} boj}w ieqk ~mqhewe`ecel {elf
klfkl ik~mgecjel imlfel hmyoim EC^ # BOJ]W+
Yklfjey 1 4 Ce`(ce` {elf hmldeik bejyoq ~ml{}w}l wyqeymfk ~qohowk #BEJYOQ+ e E^
4 Elffeqel ^qohowk
a WIH 4 W}hamq Ie{e Hel}wke g J^ew 4 Jeqejymqkwykj ^eweq i J^qoi 4 Jeqejymqwkykj ^qoi}j
m WY^
4 Wmfhmlyeykol, Yeqfmyklf iel ^owkykolklf
b ^WF
4 ^mqweklfel
Yklfjey 7 4 Ejyoq {elf amq~mqel ie`eh ~mlfehak`el jm~}y}wel wyqeymfk ~qohowk #EJYOQ+ e YH
4 Yo~ Helefmhmly
a R^GG 4 Rkgm ^qmwkimly ob Gqmiky Geqi g CAI 4 Cmei ob Gqmiky Geqi A}wklmww Imrm`o~hmly Im~y i CWFE 4 Cmei ob Gqmiky Geqi We`mw " Fmlmqe` Ebbekqw Im~y
Yklfjey 9
4 Y}d}el {elf klfkl ikge~ek ie`eh ~m`ejweleel wyqeymfk ~qohowk #Y]D]EL+
e Hmh~mqjmle`jel wmqye Hmhaelf}l Eveqmlmww {elf J}ey ejel Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK #HHEJ+ a Hmlioqolf Jolw}hml }ly}j Hmlklfjeyjel ^mlff}leel Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK #HJH^+ g Hmlklfjeyjel Ro`}hm ^mld}e`el Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK ie`eh Qelfje Hmh~mq`}ew Heqjmy Wceqm Delfje ^eldelf #HR^+
Yklfjey =
4 Ce`(ce` {elf ikq}h}wjel wmaefek ~k`kcel {elf ejel ikqmjohmliewkjel wmaefek cewk` }ly}j hmlge~ek y}d}el ~mlm`kykel #E@YMQLEYKB+
e Hmlklfjeyjel bqmj}mlwk/klymlwkyew ~qohowk
eaorm
ycm
`klm,
jc}w}wl{e kj`el ~eie hmike m`mjyqolkj he}~}l hmike gmyej #E+ a @makc ~qoejykb ie`eh hm`ej}jel ~mqwole` wm``klf iel ikqmgy heqjmyklf #A+
31
g Ejykb hm`ej}jel ~qohowk am`ov ycm `klm imlfel amly}j jmfkeyel msckakykol iel ~mhamqkel w~olwoqwck~ #G+
i Hmh~mqael{ej jmqdewehe imlfel hmqgcely {elf ymqjmh}je #I+ m Hm`ej}jel ~qohowk ~mld}e`el imlfel ~qofqeh {elf `makc hmleqkj iel hmlfjoh}lkjewkjell{e imlfel klymlwkb #M+ ^mlfo`ecel ieye ik`ej}jel ~eie wmyke~ yklfjey ymqceie~ bejyoq ~eie yklfjey ikeyewl{e Ieqk cewk` ~mlfo`ecel EC^ ikie~eyjel i}e w}i}y ~elielf ~mlfo`ecel, {eky} ~mlfo`ecel rmqykje` iel ~mlfo`ecel coqktolye` 9=5 Cewk` ^mlfo`ecel Ieye wmgeqe Coqktolye` ie`eh EC^
Cewk` ~mlfo`ecel coqktolye` hml}ld}jel c}a}lfel elyeqe m`mhml(m`mhml ie`eh wey} ckqeqjk imlfel m`mhml(m`mhml `ekll{e ik yklfjey ckqeqjk {elf amqamie Ieqk ~mlfo`ecel coqktolye` ejel ymq`kcey yklfjey ~mlfeq}c elyeqe wey} bejyoq ymqceie~ wmd}h`ec bejyoq `ekll{e ~eie yklfjey ckqeqjk ikaevecl{e E Ejyoq
^eie Yeam` 3 ie~ey ik`kcey aecve ejyoq {elf ~e`klf amq~mlfeq}c ie`eh hmlmly}jel bejyoq elffeqel ~qohowk eie`ec Rkgm ^qmwkimly ob Gqmiky Geqi #>,=5=+ Jm~mlyklfel wmoqelf Rkgm ^qmwkimly ob Gqmiky Geqi welfey yklffk jeqmle am`ke}`ec {elf hmhaeveck `elfw}lf ikrkwk Gqmiky Geqi O`mc jeqmle ky}, am`ke}
hmq}~ejel
~kcej
{elf
amqjm~mlyklfel
`elfw}lf
ie`eh
hmlfeqecjel, hmlfjooqiklewkjel iel hml{my}d}k e`ojewk elffeqel {elf ikwmikejel }ly}j jmfkeyel ikrkwk {elf ikaeveckl{e, ymqhew}j ikie`ehl{e elffeqel }ly}j jmfkeyel ~qohowk Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK ^kcej amqkj}yl{e imlfel yklfjey ~mlfeq}c ymqceie~ elffeqel ~qohowk {eky} Cmei ob Gqmiky Geqi A}wwklmw Imrm`o~hmly Im~y#>,53>+, Yo~ Helefhmly #>,562+ iel Cmei ob Gqmiky Geqi We`mw eli Fmlmqe` Ebbekqw Im~y #>,51;+
Ie`eh ce` w}hamq ie{e hel}wke, ~kcej {elf hmhk`kjk yklfjey jm~mlyklfel ymqamweq d}fe hewkc ik~mfelf o`mc Rkgm ^qmwkimly ob Gqmiky Geqi #>,71>+ Wmoqelf Rkgm ^qmwkimly ob Gqmiky Geqi hmhk`kjk vmvmlelf `elfw}lf }ly}j hmlfey}q wm`}q}c w}hamq
37
ie{e hel}wke {elf amqeie ie`eh `klfj}~ ikrkwk Gqmiky Geqi O`mc jeqmle ky} Rkgm ^qmwkimly ob Gqmiky Geqi iky}ly}y }ly}j ymq}w amqklymqejwk iel hmlfjooqiklewkjel wm`}q}c w}hamq ie{e hel}wke ie`eh ikrkwkl{e wmcklffe ie~ey hmhejwkhe`jel jmfkeyel ~qohowk Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK Yklfjey jm~mlyklfel ejyoq `ekll{e ie`eh ~mlfeq}cl{e
ymqceie~
w}hamq
ie{e
hel}wke
{eky}
Yo~
Helefmhmly #>,16;+, Cmei ob Gqmiky Geqi We`mw eli Fmlmqe` Ebbekqw Im~y #>,175+ iel Cmei ob Gqmiky Geqi A}wwklmw Imrm`o~hmly Im~y #>,56>+
Yeam` 3 W}w}lel Aoaoy iel ^qkoqkyew Cewk` ^mlfo`ecel Coqktolye` elyeq M`mhml ~eie Yklfjey 7 #M`mhml Ejyoq ^ml{}w}l Wyqeymfk ^qohowk+ Bejyoq/Ejyoq
YH
R^GG
CAI
CWFE
EF^
>,562
>,=5=
>,53>
>,51;
WIH
>,16;
>,71>
>,56>
>,175
J^ew
>,>33
>,71>
>,725
>,175
J^qoi
>,>25
>,192
>,7;6
>,1;2
WY^
>,>61
>,537
>,==>
>,5;=
^WF
>,>23
>,917
>,15>
>1;;
Amqjekyel imlfel bejyoq jeqejymqwkykj ~eweq, ~kcej {elf hmhk`kjk yklfjey jm~mlyklfel ymqamweq eie`ec Cmei ob Gqmiky Geqi A}wwklmw Imrm`o~hmly Im~y #>,725+ iel wm`eld}yl{e eie`ec Rkgm ^qmwkimly ob Gqmiky Geqi #>,71>+ imlfel aoaoy {elf ykiej ymq`e`}
de}c ~mqamieell{e Cmei ob Gqmiky Geqi A}wwklmw Imrm`o~hmly Im~y
hmq}~ejel
~kcej
{elf
amqyelff}lf
devea
ie`eh
hmlfele`kwe jmeieel ~eweq }ly}j ~mlfmhaelfel Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK wmgeqe jmwm`}q}cel iel
ymqhew}j ikie`ehl{e }ly}j jmfkeyel
~qohowk Yklfjey jm~mlyklfel ejyoq `ekl ie`eh jekyell{e imlfel bejyoq jeqejymqkwykj ~eweq eie`ec Cmei ob Gqmiky Geqi We`mw eli Fmlmqe` Ebbekqw Im~y#>,175+ iel Yo~ Helefmhmly #>,>33+
Wmoqelf Cmei ob Gqmiky Geqi A}wwklmw Imrm`o~hmly Im~y ie`eh jekyell{e imlfel jeqejymqwkykj ~qoi}j hmhk`kjk jm~mlyklfel ymqyklffk #>,725+ Ce` klk ikjeqmlejel
Cmei ob Gqmiky Geqi
A}wwklmw Imrm`o~hmly Im~y hmq}~ejel ~kcej {elf amqyelff}lf
39
devea }ly}j hmlgk~yejel, hmlfmhaelfjel iel hml{mh~}qlejel ~qoi}j, bky}q(bky}q iel `e{elel ~qoi}j Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK Wmcklffe am`ke}`ec {elf hmhk`kjk je~eak`kyew {elf `makc ie`eh ce` w~mwkbkjewk ~qoi}j jeqy} jqmiky ky} wmlikqk ]ly}j wm`eld}yl{e ~kcej {elf hmhk`kjk jm~mlyklfel ie`eh jeqejymqkwykj ~qoi}j eie`ec Cmei ob Gqmiky Geqi We`mw eli Fmlmqe` Ebbekqw Im~y #>,1;2+, Rkgm ^qmwkimly ob Gqmiky Geqi #>,192+ iel imlfel aoaoy ymqjmgk` {eky} Yo~ Helefhmly #>,>25+
Ie`eh ce` Wmfhmlyeykol, Yeqfmyklf iel ^owkykolklf, ejyoq {elf ~e`klf amq~mlfeq}c eie`ec Cmei ob Gqmiky Geqi A}wwklmw Imrm`o~hmly Im~y #>,==>+ Jm~mlyklfell{e {elf welfey yklffk
ikjeqmlejel Cmei ob Gqmiky Geqi A}wwklmw Imrm`o~hmly Im~y hmq}~ejel
~kcej
{elf
hmq}h}wjel
jolwm~
wmfhmlyeykol,
yeqfmyklf wmqye ~owkykolklf ieqk Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK ^mlmly}el WY^
hmldeik ce` {elf ceq}w ikq}h}wjel wmgeqe heyelf o`mc Cmei ob Gqmiky Geqi A}wwklmw Imrm`o~hmly Im~y f}le hmhamqkjel eqecel
mjw~elwk Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK wmgeqe ym~ey Ik }q}yel wm`eld}yl{e eie`ec Cmei ob Gqmiky Geqi We`mw eli Fmlmqe` Ebbekqw Im~y #>,5;=+, Rkgm ^qmwkimly ob Gqmiky Geqi #>,537+ iel Yo~ Helefmhmly #>,>61+
^kcej {elf ~e`klf amq~mlfeq}c ~eie bejyoq ~mqweklfel eie`ec Rkgm ^qmwkimly ob Gqmiky Geqi #>,917+ Rkgm ^qmwkimly ob Gqmiky Geqi ceq}w wm`e`} hmlgmqheyk ~mqjmhaelfel ik `klfj}lfel
wmjkyeql{e Ymq`makc `efk Aelj AQK hmq}~ejel ~mhekl aeq} ie`eh akwlkw jeqy} jqmiky O`mc jeqmle ky}, hmldeik ce` ~mlyklf aefk Rkgm ^qmwkimly ob Gqmiky Geqi }ly}j `makc ~qoejykb aekj ie`eh
hmlfmle`k
jolikwk
~mqweklfel
ik
akwlkw
{elf
wehe
iel
hmlfjooqiklewkjel ykh(ykh jmqde ikaevecl{e }ly}j hml{kje~k ~mqweklfel ymqwma}y f}le hmhelye~jel ~owkwk Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK ie`eh ~eweq ^mlfeq}c wm`eld}yl{e wmgeqe amqy}q}y(y}q}y {eky} Cmei ob Gqmiky Geqi We`mw eli Fmlmqe` Ebbekqw Im~y #>,1;;+, Cmei ob
3=
Gqmiky Geqi A}wwklmw Imrm`o~hmly Im~y #>,15>+ iel Yo~ Helefhmly imlfel yklfjey ~mlfeq}c wmamweq >,>23
A Y}d}el
Y}d}el
}ly}j
hmh~mqjmle`jel
wmqye
hmhaelf}l
eveqmlmww {elf j}ey ejel Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK hmldeik ce` {elf
}yehe aefk Yo~ Helefmhmly #>,2>;+ Wmaefek dedeqel `klk eyew ~mq}weceel, Yo~ Helefmhmly hm`kcey aecve jmamqcewk`el jmfkeyel ~qohowk e~eak`e ykha}`l{e eveqmlmww {elf yklffk ieqk leweaec eye}~}l hew{eqejey ejel jmamqeieel Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK Imlfel imhkjkel ie~ey hml}ld}jel e~qmwkewk {elf ~owkykb ieqk ~eqe leweaec iel hew{eqejey imlfel ymye~ hmlmh~eyjel Aelj AQK ie`eh amlej he}~}l ~kjkqell{e, wmcklffe ce` ymqwma}y ie~ey hmldeik klikjewk {elf aekj ejel ~mqy}ha}cel Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK jmim~ell{e Ce` ikeyew hmq}~ejel ce` {elf ~mlyklf ~}`e aefk wmoqelf Cmei ob Gqmiky Geqi A}wwklmw Imrm`o~hmly Im~y #>,91;+ Wmoqelf Cmei ob Gqmiky Geqi A}wwklmw Imrm`o~hmly Im~y wmaefek ~kcej
{elf
amqjm~mlyklfel
eye}
amqyelff}lf
devea
ie`eh
hmlfmhaelfjel akwlkw Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK ie~ey hmldeikjel ~mlge~ekel eyew y}d}el ymqwma}y wmaefek klikjeyoq jmw}jwmwel ieqk amqaefek hegeh ~qofqeh iel wyqeymfk akwlkw {elf ikqmlgelejell{e f}le hmh~qohowkjel Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK E~e`efk hm`kcey ~owkwk Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK wmaefek ~qoi}j aeq} {elf ikjm`}eqjel heje hmldeik ce` ~mlyklf aefk wmoqelf Cmei ob Gqmiky Geqi A}wwklmw Imrm`o~hmly Im~y }ly}j hmh~mqjmle`jel iel hmhaelf}l eveqmlmww {elf j}ey ejel jmamqeieel Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK }ly}j
hmh~mq`elgeq ~mlge~ekel eyew y}d}el(y}d}el wm`eld}yl{e Aefk Rkgm ^qmwkimly ob Gqmiky Geqi ymqie~ey i}e y}d}el {elf hmldeik
~qkoqkyewl{e
hmlklfjeyjel
{eky}
~mlff}leel
hmlioqolf
Jeqy}
Jqmiky
jolw}hml AQK
#>,7=2+
}ly}j iel
hmlklfjeyjel ro`}hm ~mld}e`el Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK ie`eh qelfje hmh~mq`}ew heqjmy wceqm delfje ~eldelf #>,7=2+ Ce` klk hmldeik
32
~mlyklf aefk Rkgm ^qmwkimly ob Gqmiky Geqi wmc}a}lfel imlfel yelff}lf deveal{e ymqceie~ ~mlge~ekel ieqk yeqfmy akwlkw iel d}fe bmm aewmi klgohm ieqk ikrkwk {elf ikaeveckl{e Imlfel ymqge~ekl{e
jmi}e y}d}el ymqwma}y ie~ey hmlfklikjewkjel jklmqde g}j}~ aekj ieqk ikrkwk {elf ikaeveckl{e Wmaefek ~kcej {elf amqyelff}lf devea ie`eh hmlfevewk iel hmlfjooqiklewkjel wm``klf egykrky{ ieqk Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK, heje y}d}el }ly}j hmlklfjeyjel ro`}hm ~mld}e`el Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK ie`eh qelfje hmh~mq`}ew heqjmy wceqm delfje ~eldelf hmldeik ~qkoqkyew {elf }yehe aefk wmoqelf Cmei ob Gqmiky Geqi We`mw eli Fmlmqe` Ebbekqw Im~y #>,2=2+ Imlfel hmlklfjeyl{e
ro`}hm ~mld}e`el Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK heje ejel wmhejkl hmlimjeyjel Cmei ob Gqmiky Geqi We`mw eli Fmlmqe` Ebbekqw Im~y }ly}j ~mlge~ekel yeqfmy akwlkw wmw}ek imlfel yeqfmy d}h`ec jeqy} {elf ym`ec ikymye~jel Wmgeqe `makc dm`ew ie~ey ik`kcey ~eie Yeam` ; Yeam` ; W}w}lel Aoaoy iel ^qkoqkyew Cewk` ^mlfo`ecel Coqktolye` elyeq M`mhml ~eie Yklfjey 9 #M`mhml Y}d}el Wyqeymfk ^qohowk+ Ejyoq/Y}d}el
HHEJ
HJH^
HR^
YH R^GG
>,2>; >,133
>,567 >,7=2
>,156 >,7=2
CAI
>,91;
>,13=
>,132
CWFE
>,516
>,156
>,2=2
G E`ymqleykb
^eie Yeam` 5> ie~ey ik`kcey aecve }ly}j hmlge~ek y}d}el hmh~mqjmle`jel wmqye hmhaelf}l eveqmlmww {elf j}ey ejel Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK, e`ymqleykb imlfel ~qkoqkyew {elf ~e`klf yklffk eie`ec wyqeymfk E, {eky} hmlklfjeyjel bqmj}mlwk/klymlwkyew ~qohowk {elf amqwkbey eaorm ycm `klm, jc}w}wl{e hmlff}lejel hmike m`mjyqolkj iel hmike gmyej #>,93>+ E`ymqleykb klk hmldeik ~mlyklf jeqmle jolw}hml ie~ey hmlfmle` w}ey} ~qoi}j imlfel aekj e~eak`e wm`e`} ikklfeyjel hm`e`}k amqaefek hegeh hmike, ymq}yehe hmike gmyej eye}~}l hmike m`mjyqolkj E~e`efk imlfel wmhejkl ael{ejl{e kj`el {elf amqh}lg}`el iel klfeyel jolw}hml {elf
36
ymqaeyew Imlfel bqmj}mlwk {elf ikklymlwkbjel ejel hmha}ey hew{eqejey eveqm ymqceie~ jmamqeieel Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK Yeam` 5> W}w}lel Aoaoy iel ^qkoqkyew Cewk` ^mlfo`ecel Coqktolye` elyeq M`mhml ~eie Yklfjey = #M`mhml E`ymqleykb Wyqeymfk ^qohowk+ Y}d}el / E`ymqleykb E A G I M HHEJ >,93> >,>65 >,5;= >,5=2 >,>;6 HJH^ >,561 >,>2> >,>37 >,797 >,791 HR^ >,116 >,799 >,525 >,555 >,5=6 Ie`eh qelfje hmlge~ek y}d}el hmlioqolf jolw}hml }ly}j hmlklfjeyjel ~mlff}leel Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK ymqie~ey i}e ~qkoqkyew e`ymqleykb {elf }yehe imlfel ~mqamieel aoaoy {elf welfey yk~kw {eky} e`ymqleykb I #>,797+ imlfel hmh~mqael{ej
jmqdewehe
imlfel hmqgcely {elf ymqjmh}je iel e`ymqleykb M #>,791+ imlfel hm`ej}jel ~qohowk ~mld}e`el imlfel ~qofqeh {elf `makc hmleqkj iel hmlfjoh}lkjewkjell{e imlfel klymlwkb Jmi}e e`ymqleykb klk hmhelf ymqjeky mqey imlfel ~qofqeh ~qohowk ~mld}e`el, {elf ikhele y}d}el ~mlyklf ieqk jmfkeyel ~qohowk ~mld}e`el wmlikqk {eky} }ly}j hmlklfjeyjel ymq}w ~mlff}leel ieqk Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK Jmi}e jmfkeyel klk ikqelgelf f}le hmqelfwelf ~eqe ~mhmfelf jeqy} }ly}j hmlklfjeyjel ~mlff}leel Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK wmaefek e`ey ~mhae{eqel ieqk wmyke~ yqelwejwk E`ymqleykb A #>,799+ {eky} `makc ~qoejykb ie`eh hm`ej}jel ~mqwole` wm``klf iel ikqmgy heqjmyklf hmq}~ejel e`ymqleykb ~qkoqkyew
~mqyehe }ly}j hmlge~ek y}d}el hmlklfjeyjel ro`}hm ~mld}e`el Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK ie`eh qelfje hmh~mq`}ew heqjmy wceqm delfje ~eldelf Ce` klk ikh}lfjkljel jeqmle ~eie jmfkeyel ~mqwole` wm``klf he}~}l ikqmgy heqjmyklf #ymq}yehe ym`mheqjmyklf+ ymqie~ey
~mlimjeyel
yvo
ve{w
gohh}lkgeykol
{elf hmh}lfjkljel
~mq}weceel wmgeqe `elfw}lf hmh~mlfeq}ck eye} hmleqkj hkley ieqk ge`ol leweaec }ly}j wmfmqe hmhk`kjk Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK
33
9=1 Cewk` ^mlfo`ecel Ieye wmgeqe Rmqykje` ie`eh EC^
Ieqk ~mlfo`ecel ieye wmgeqe rmqykje` ejel hml}ld}jel amweql{e yklfjey e`ymqleykb ieqk wyqeymfk ~qohowk {elf ie~ey ik~k`kc ikwmqyek imlfel aoaoy {elf ikjeli}lf o`mc hewklf(hewklf m`mhml ie`eh ckqeqjk Ckqeqjk ~mhk`kcel e`ymqleykb wyqeymfk ~qohowk Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK ikwmqyek imlfel cewk` ieqk ~mlfo`ecel wmgeqe rmqykje` ie~ey ik`kcey ~eie Fehaeq 9 Boj}w
Ele`kwkw ^mhk`kcel Wyqeymfk ^qohowk Jeqy} Jqmiky Aelj Qej{ey Kliolmwke
Bejyoq
Ejyoq
Y}d}el
E`ymqleykb
EF^ >,5;6
WIH >,>3=
YH >,555
WY^ >,1=2
J^qoi
>,593
R^GG >,71=
HHEJ >,776
E >,1;6
J^ew >,5;1
CAI >,799
HJH^ >,135
A >,561
G >,5=5
^WF >,511
CWFE >,11>
HR^ >,731
I >,5;5
Fehaeq 9 Cewk` ~mlfo`ecel rmqykje` wyq}jy}q ckqeqjk ~mhk`kcel e`ymqleykb wyqeymfk ~qohowk
M >,53;
3;
E Bejyoq
Amqieweqjel ~mlfo`ecel ieye ~eie yklfjey jmi}e, bejyoq wmfhmlyeykol, yeqfmyklf iel ~owkykolklf hmq}~ejel bejyoq {elf
~e`klf amq~mlfeq}c ie`eh wyqeymfk ~qohowk Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK imlfel aoaoy >,1=2 Wmgeqe `makc dm`ew ie~ey ik`kcey ~eie Yeam` 55 Bejyoq wmfhmlyeykol, yeqfmyklf iel ~owkykolklf #WY^+ hmldeik ~qkoqkyew }yehe jeqmle WY^ {elf ikq}h}wjel wmgeqe heyelf o`mc ~mq}weceel ejel ikdeikjel wmaefek eqecel aefk wyqeymfk ~qohowk {elf ejel ikde`eljel, wmcklffe mjw~elwk Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK ie~ey amqde`el wmgeqe ym~ey Imlfel hmlfeg} ~eie joqkioq WY^ {elf ym`ec ikq}h}wjel ejel hmha}ey Aelj AQK hmldeik `makc boj}w ie`eh hmqelgelf iel hmlde`eljel wyqeymfk ~qohowkl{e Imlfel imhkjkel ejel ie~ey hmhaely} ~mq}weceel }ly}j hml{edkjel jmwel {elf ym~ey, jm~eie jce`e{ej {elf ym~ey iel hm`e`}k hmik}h {elf ym~ey ~}`e
Amqaefek hegeh ejykrkyew(
ejykrkyew ~qohowk {elf ikde`eljel ymly}l{e ceq}w wmde`el imlfel WY^ {elf ym`ec ikymye~jel Yeam` 55 Aoaoy iel ~qkoqkyew bejyoq(bejyoq ~ml{}w}l wyqeymfk ~qohowk Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK Yklfjey 1 #Bejyoq+
Aoaoy
^qkoqkyew
Wmfhmlyeykol, Yeqfmyklf iel ^owkykolklf
>,1=2
5
Elffeqel ^qohowk
>,5;6
1
Jeqejymqkwykj ^eweq
>,5;1
7
Jeqejymqkwykj ^qoi}j
>,593
9
^mqweklfel
>,511
=
W}hamq Ie{e Hel}wke
>,>3=
2
Elffeqel ~qohowk hmldeik ~qkoqkyew jmi}e wmaefek bejyoq {elf hmh~mlfeq}ck wyqeymfk ~qohowk {elf ejel ikq}h}wjel imlfel aoaoy >,5;6 ^mq}weceel hml{eieqk aecve jmymqwmikeel elffeqel iele hmq}~ejel bejyoq ~mlyklf f}le
hmli}j}lf
~mlge~ekel eyew y}d}el ~qohowk {elf ym`ec ikymye~jel E~e`efk hm`kcey jolikwk ~qoi}j Jeqy} Jqmiky hmq}~ejel ~qoi}j ~mqaeljel
;>
{elf ymqfo`olf aeq} ikjm`}eqjel o`mc ~mq}weceel O`mc jeqmle ky}, bejyoq elffeqel iele hmldeik g}j}~ jq}wke` f}le hmli}j}lf ~mlmyqewk ~eweq Imlfel hml{mikejel elffeqel iele {elf g}j}~ ejel hmh}iecjel ~mq}weceel }ly}j ie~ey hmhk`kc amly}j(amly}j ~qohowk {elf ejel ikde`eljel o`mc ~mq}weceel Bejyoq {elf hmldeik ~qkoqkyew jmykfe eie`ec jeqejymqkwykj ~eweq Aelj AQK wmaefek aelj }h}h {elf amqaewkw wmjyoq ]HJH hmh~}l{ek vk`e{ec ~eweq {elf `}ew {elf hm`k~}yk wm`}q}c vk`e{ec Kliolmwke Leh}l, hm`kcey jolwmlyqewk ~eweq iel d}h`ec dmlkw ~mham`k ~oymlwke` ieqk jeqy} jqmiky wmlikqk ykiej hm`k~}yk wm`}q}c `}ew vk`e{ec fmofqebkw ~eweq heje ceq}w ik~kjkqjel aefekhele geqe hmlwklmqfkwjel jolikwk ymqwma}y efeq ie~ey ymqelgelfjel wma}ec amly}j(amly}j ~qohowk {elf mbmjykb Jeqejymqkwykj ~qoi}j hmldeik bejyoq wm`eld}yl{e {elf amq~mlfeq}c ie`eh ~ml{}w}lel wyqeymfk ~qohowk Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK Jeqejymqkwykj ~qoi}j ieqk Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK wmaefek wma}ec e`ey ~mhae{eqel m`mjyqolkj ael{ej amqfely}lf ieqk bewk`kyew eye} bky}q( bky}q {elf ikyeveqjel O`mc jeqmle ky}, Aelj AQK ~mq`} hmlfklboqhewkjel bewk`kyew eye} bky}q(bky}q hele wede {elf cmliej ikyoldo`jel }ly}j hmlkha}`jel jmymqyeqkjel ~}a`kj ejel Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK ^qkoqkyew wm`eld}yl{e eie`ec ~mqweklfel Wmaefek ~mhekl aeq} ie`eh akwlkw jeqy} jqmiky hmldeik ce` ~mlyklf aefk Aelj AQK }ly}j hmlfmle`k ~eqe ~mhekl ie`eh akwlkw wmq}~e iel yej `}~}y d}fe jmfkeyel ~qohowkl{e Amly}j(amly}j ~qohowk {elf ik`ej}jel o`mc ~eqe ~mweklf ie~ey hmldeik aecel ~mhkjkqel iel ~mqykhaelfel }ly}j ie~ey hmhk`kc wyqeymfk {elf heh~} hmlfkhaelfk wyqeymfk {elf ik`elgeqjel o`mc ~mweklf Bejyoq ymqejckq {elf amq~mlfeq}c ymqceie~ ~ml{}w}lel wyqeymfk ~qohowk Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK {eky} w}hamq ie{e hel}wke Jmamqeieel w}hamq ie{e hel}wke {elf ~qobmwkole` wmqye hmhk`kjk
;5
joh~mymlwk iel jklmqde {elf yklffk ik~mq`}jel Aelj AQK f}le hmli}j}lf jmamqcewk`el wyqeymfk ~qohowk Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK A Ejyoq
Amqieweqjel Yeam` 51, ejyoq {elf hmhk`kjk ~mlfeq}c ~e`klf amweq ie`eh ~ml{}w}lel wyqeymfk ~qohowk Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK eie`ec Cmei ob Gqmiky Geqi A}wwklmw Imrm`o~hmly Im~y imlfel aoaoy
>,799 Wmoqelf Cmei ob Gqmiky Geqi A}wwklmw Imrm`o~hmly Im~y hmq}~ejel ~kcej {elf
amqyelff}lf devea ie`eh ~ml{}w}lel,
~mholkyoqel iel ~mlfmre`}wkel wyqeymfk ~mlfmhaelfel akwlkw ieqk Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK, {elf hm`k~}yk wyqeymfk akwlkw, heqjmyklf ~`el iel d}fe wyqeymfkg wm``klf Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK Imlfel imhkjkel hmldeik yelff}lf deveal{e }ly}j hml{}w}l jolwm~ wyqeymfk ~qohowk iel ejykrkyewl{e ie`eh amly}j heqjmyklf aeyy`m ~`el Wm`ekl ky}, wmoqelf Cmei ob Gqmiky Geqi A}wwklmw Imrm`o~hmly Im~y d}fe amqyelff}lf
devea ie`eh hm`ej}jel ele`kwe ~eweq iel hmlmly}jel jolwm~ WY^ ieqk wyqeymfk ~qohowk {elf ikde`eljel O`mc jeqmle ky}, Cmei ob Gqmiky Geqi A}wwklmw Imrm`o~hmly Im~y hmhk`kjk yklfjey
jm~mlyklfel {elf `makc yklffk ikaeliklf ejyoq(ejyoq `ekll{e ie`eh ~ml{}w}lel wyqeymfk ~qohowk Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK Yeam` 51 Aoaoy iel ~qkoqkyew ejyoq {elf amq~mqel ie`eh ~mlfehak`el jm~}y}wel wyqeymfk ~qohowk Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK Yklfjey 7 #Ejyoq+
Aoaoy
^qkoqkyew
Cmei ob A}wwklmw Imrm`o~hmly Im~y
>,799
5
Rkgm ^qmwkimly ob Gqmiky Geqi
>,71=
1
Cmei ob We`mw eli Fmlmqe` Ebbekqw Im~y
>,11>
7
Yo~ Helefmhmly
>,555
9
;1
Ejyoq wm`eld}yl{e eie`ec Rkgm ^qmwkimly ob Gqmiky Geqi imlfel aoaoy >,71= Rkgm ^qmwkimly ob Gqmiky Geqi wkbeyl{e hmhamqkjel
eqecel
aefk
Imrm`o~hmly
Im~y
hmlfmlek
Cmei
ob
Gqmiky
wyqeymfk
Geqi
~qohowk
A}wwklmw
{elf
ejel
ikde`eljel }ly}j Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK efeq wmw}ek imlfel rkwk iel hkwk joq~oqey Imlfel imhkjkel wmoqelf Cmei ob Gqmiky Geqi A}wwklmw Imrm`o~hmly Im~y
ceq}w ymye~ amqjooqiklewk imlfel Rkgm
^qmwkimly ob Gqmiky Geqi ie`eh hmq}h}wjel wyqeymfk ~qohowk Cmei ob Gqmiky Geqi We`mw " Fmlmqe` Ebbekqw Im~y eie`ec
~kcej {elf hmlie~ey ~qkoqkyew jmykfe #>,11>+ Aoaoy ~qkoqkyewl{e {elf `makc jmgk` ikjeqmlejel wmoqelf Cmei ob Gqmiky Geqi We`mw " Fmlmqe` Ebbekqw Im~y `makc ymqboj}w ie`eh jmfkeyel ~mld}e`el ieqk
Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK wm~mqyk ~mld}e`el ~qkaeik, ~qohowk ~mld}e`el iel ~mheweqel `elfw}lf Wmoqelf Cmei ob Gqmiky Geqi We`mw " Fmlmqe`
Ebbekqw
Im~y
amqyelff}lf devea hmlfevewk iel
hmlfjooqiklewkjel ~m`ejweleel jmwm`}q}cel ~qofqeh ~mld}e`el wmw}ek imlfel heqjmyklf aeyy`m ~`el {elf ym`ec ikw}w}l o`mc Cmei ob Gqmiky Geqi A}wwklmw Imrm`o~hmly Im~y Leh}l, Cmei ob Gqmiky Geqi We`mw " Fmlmqe` Ebbekqw Im~y d}fe ymye~ amqjooqiklewk
imlfel Cmei ob Gqmiky Geqi A}wwklmw Imrm`o~hmly Im~y ie`eh hml{}w}l wyqeymfk ~qohowk Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK efeq ie~ey ikkh~`mhmlyewkjel jm ie`eh amqaefek amly}j wm``klf egykrky{ ^eie ~qkoqkyew ymqejckq eie`ec Yo~ Helefmhmly #>,555+ Yo~ Helefmhmly ykiej amq~mqel wmgeqe `elfw}lf ie`eh ~ml{}w}lel
wyqeymfk ~qohowk Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK, ymye~k amq~mqel ie`eh hmlfmwecjell{e ^mqel Yo~ Helefmhmly `makc amqwkbey ie`eh hmhamqk hew}jel(hew}jel eyew wyqeymfk ~qohowk {elf ym`ec ikw}w}l iel wmielf amqde`el ieqk cm`kgo~ymq rkmvl{e G Y}d}el
^eie Yeam` 57 ie~ey ik`kcey aecve y}d}el }yehe {elf klfkl ikge~ek ie`eh ~m`ejweleel wyqeymfk ~qohowk Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK eie`ec hmlklfjeyjel ro`}hm ~mld}e`el Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK ie`eh
;7
qelfje hmh~mq`}ew heqjmy wceqm delfje ~eldelf Y}d}el klk hmldeik ~qkoqkyew }yehe jeqmle ymqjeky mqey imlfel }~e{e ~mlge~ekel eyew yeqfmy akwlkw wmw}ek imlfel yeqfmy o}ywyeliklf {elf ym`ec ikymye~jel Imlfel hmlklfjeyl{e ro`}hm ~mld}e`el }ly}j ~mlge~keel
yeqfmy
akwlkw
ymqwma}y
heje
ikceqe~jel
ejel
hmh~mq`}ew heqjmy wceqm delfje ~eldelf, imlfel imhkjkel ejel hmh~mqj}ey ~owkwk Aelj AQK ie`eh akwlkw jeqy} jqmiky Yeam` 57 Aoaoy iel ~qkoqkyew y}d}el wyqeymfk ~qohowk Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK Yklfjey 9 #Y}d}el+
Aoaoy
^qkoqkyew
Hmlklfjeyjel Ro`}hm ^mld}e`el Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK ie`eh Qelfje Hmh~mq`}ew Heqjmy Wceqm Delfje ^eldelf
>,731
5
Hmh~mqjmle`jel wmqye Hmhaelf}l Eveqmlmww {elf J}ey ejel Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK
>,776
1
Hmlioqolf Jolw}hml }ly}j Hmlklfjeyjel ^mlff}leel Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK
>,135
7
Y}d}el
wm`eld}yl{e
{elf
hmldeik
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hmh~mqjmle`jel wmqye hmhaelf}l eveqmlmww {elf j}ey ejel Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK #>,776+ Ce` klk hmhelf amqjekyel mqey imlfel Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK {elf hmq}~ejel ~qoi}j ~mqaeljel {elf ymqfo`olf aeq} ieqk Aelj AQK, wmcklffe hmldeik ~mlyklf }ly}j hmh~mqjmle`jell{e jm ~eqe leweaec he}~}l hew{eqejey
wmqye
amq}wece hmhaelf}l eveqmlmww {elf j}ey ejel Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK Eveqmlmww
{elf
j}ey
ymlyelf
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Jeqy}
Jqmiky
AQK
hml{maeajel ~eqe leweaec eye} hew{eqejey hmlfmyec}k b}lfwk iel jm}lff}`el ieqk Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK ikaeliklfjel jeqy} jqmiky `ekl iel wmgeqe jc}w}w hmlmh~eyjel Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK ie`eh ~kjkqell{e E~eak`e ce` ky} ym`ec ymqge~ek ejel wehe eqykl{e imlfel ~mlklfjeyel ie{e weklf iel ie{e d}e` ieqk Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK
;9
Y}d}el ymqejckq eie`ec ~qohowk ikeqecjel }ly}j hmlioqolf jolw}hml }ly}j hmlklfjeyjel ~mlff}leel Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK Y}d}el klk hmldeik y}d}el ymqejckq ikjeqmlejel y}d}el klk aeq} ie~ey ymqge~ek wmym`ec ~}a`kj hmlfmle` iel jmh}ikel hmldeik geqico`imq ieqk Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK Imlfel hmlioqolf geqico`imq
}ly}j ymq}w hmlklfjeyjel ~mlff}leel Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK heje ie~ey hmlfklikjewkjel ykfe ce`, {eky} #5+ ~eqe geqico`imq wmhejkl eveqm imlfel Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK wmaefek e`ey ~mhae{eqel m`mjyqolkw
ieqk wmyke~ yqelwejwkl{e, #1+ imlfel hmlklfjeyl{e yqelwejwk amqeqyk ie~ey hmlklfjeyjel ~}`e ~qobky {elf ikie~eyjel o`mc Aelj AQK iel #7+ ie~ey hmlklfjeyjel `o{e`kyew ieqk ~eqe geqico`imql{e jeqmle geqico`imq ymq}w ymqakle }ly}j ymye~ hmlff}lejel Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK ~eie wmyke~ yqelwejwkl{e I E`ymqleykb
^eie Yeam` 59 ie~ey ik`kcey cewk` ejckq ieqk ~mlfo`ecel ieye wmgeqe rmqykje` hml}ld}jel aecve e`ymqleykb wyqeymfk E, {eky} hmlklfjeyjel bqmj}mlwk eye} klymlwkyew ~qohowk eaorm ycm `klm, jc}w}wl{e kj`el ~eie hmike m`mjyqolkj iel hmike gmyej hmq}~ejel ~qkoqkyew }yehe imlfel aoaoy >,1;6 Wmde}c klk kj`el ymq}yehe ik hmike m`mjyqolkj iel hmike gmyej ikqewejel j}qelf ieqk wmfk j}elykyewl{e Imlfel hmlklfjeyjel bqmj}mlwk eye} klymlwkyewl{e heje ikceqe~jel d}h`ec klboqhewk {elf weh~ek jm~eie hew{eqejey ejel wmhejkl ael{ej, wmcklffe ~eie ejckql{e hew{eqejey hmldeik eveqm ymqceie~ Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK Iel jmykje h}lg}` jma}y}cel
ejel wma}ec jeqy} jqmiky heje jolw}hml ejel hmh~mqykhaelfjel Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK wmaefek hmqmj {elf ymqmjeh ikamlejl{e Jc}w}w }ly}j hmike m`mjyqolkj {eky} ym`mrkwk, I}qkelyo my e` #1>>7+ hmlfmh}jejel aecve ym`mrkwk hmh~}l{ek ~mlfeq}c {elf j}ey ikhele wmaefekhele jmael{ejel ~mham`k, ~mhkqwe ym`mrkwk `makc gmlimq}lf hmhk`kc ~qoi}j {elf ikkj`eljel ik ym`mrkwk ieqk~eie ~qoi}j {elf ykiej ikjmle` O`mc jeqmle ky}, bqmj}mlwkl{e ie~ey `makc ikklymlwkbjel Golyocl{e weey klk kj`el Jeqy} Jqmiky
;=
AQK ikye{elfjel wmgeqe q}ykl weey ikfm`eql{e ~qofqeh egeqe AQK W~mjyej}`mq {elf ceikq wmyke~ hklff} ik Yqelw YR Yeam` 59 Aoaoy iel ~qkoqkyew e`ymqleykb ~qohowk Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK Yklfjey = #E`ymqleykb+
Aoaoy
^qkoqkyew
Hmlklfjeyjel bqmj}mlwk/klymlwkyew ~qohowk eaorm ycm `klm, jc}w}wl{e kj`el ~eie hmike m`mjyqolkj he}~}l hmike gmyej #E+
>,1;6
5
Hmh~mqael{ej jmqdewehe imlfel hmqgcely {elf ymqjmh}je #I+
>,5;5
1
>,53;
7
>,561
9
>,5=5
=
Hm`ej}jel ~qohowk ~mld}e`el imlfel ~qofqeh {elf `makc hmleqkj iel hmlfjoh}lkjewkjell{e imlfel klymlwkb #M+ @makc ~qoejykb ie`eh hm`ej}jel ~mqwole` wm``klf iel ikqmgy heqjmyklf #A+ Ejykb hm`ej}jel ~qohowk am`ov ycm `klm imlfel amly}j jmfkeyel msckakykol iel ~mhamqkel w~olwoqwck~ #G+ ^qkoqkyew
jmi}e
{eky}
e`ymqleykb
wyqeymfk
imlfel
hmh~mqael{ej jmqdewehe imlfel hmqgcely ymqjmh}je #>,5;5+ Jmamqeieel hmqgcely hmhelf g}j}~ jq}wke` ie`eh akwlkw jeqy} jqmiky, jeqmle ik hmqgcely klk`ec jeqy} jqmiky ymqwma}y ie~ey ikf}lejel
}ly}j
e`ey
~mhae{eqel
eyew
yqelwejwk
Imlfel
hmh~mqael{ej jmqdewehe imlfel hmqgcely ymqjmh}je {elf hmhk`kjk lehe amweq eye} w}iec welfey ikjmle` ik je`elfel hew{eqejey ikceqe~jel ie~ey hmhejwkhe`jel amlmbky ieqk Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK aefk ~eqe geqico`imql{e {elf amq}~e jmh}iecel wmqye jm}ly}lfel `ekll{e Wm`ekl imlfel hmlehaec d}h`ec hmqgcely, jmqdewehe ikhejw}ijel imlfel hmhamqkjel klymlwkb delfje ~mlimj amq}~e ikwgo}ly(ikwgo}ly jc}w}w aefk wmyke~ geqico`imq {elf hm`ej}jel yqelwejwk ik hmqgcely ymqwma}y, jmqdewehe }likel amqceikec eye}~}l amly}j jmqdewehe ~qohowk `ekll{e wmw}ek imlfel jmwm~ejeyel elyeqe ~kcej Aelj AQK iel hmqgcelyl{e ymqwma}y
;2
^eie ~qkoqkyew wm`eld}yl{e ikymh~eyk o`mc e`ymqleykb M {eky} hm`ej}jel ~qohowk ~mld}e`el imlfel ~qofqeh {elf `makc hmleqkj iel hmlfjoh}lkjewkjell{e imlfel klymlwkb #>,53;+ ^qofqeh ~qohowk ~mld}e`el hmldeik wma}ec e`ymqleykb {elf hmleqkj }ly}j hmh~qohowkjel Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK, jeqmle ~qofqeh ~qohowk ~mld}e`el klk ie~ey hmhamqkjel jm}ly}lfel aefk ~kcej aelj wm~mqyk
khhmikeym
~qobkyeak`ky{,
gowy}hmq
`o{e`y{,
gqmeyklf
heqjmyklf ye`j iel qmklboqgklf hmqmj Leh}l, bmlohmle {elf
ymqdeik weey klk eie`ec ceh~kq wmh}e ~mhekl ie`eh akwlkw jeqy} jqmiky klk hm`elgeqjel ~qofqeh {elf wehe O`mc jeqmle ky}, Aelj AQK imlfel jqmeykrkyew ieqk w}hamq ie{e hel}wke {elf ikhk`kjkl{e amq}wece amqklorewk imlfel
hmlgk~yejel
~qofqeh ~qohowk
~mld}e`el {elf `makc hmleqkj, wmcklffe ie~ey amqamie imlfel ~qofqeh ~qohowk ~mld}e`el {elf ym`ec eie Iel }ly}j hmli}j}lf jmamqcewk`ell{e heje ~qofqeh klk ~mq`} ikjoh}lkjewkjel wmgeqe klymlwkb, jeqmle dkje ykiej ymly} wede ejel wke(wke Imlfel ~qofqeh ~qohowk ~mld}e`el klk ikceqe~jel ie~ey hmhamqkjel helbeey wmhejwkhe` h}lfjkl aefk ~eqe geqico`imq Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK iel d}fe {elf ykiej je`ec ~mlyklf {eky} ie~ey hmleqkj ~mqceykel iel hkley ~}a`kj ejel Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK Wyqeymfk A {eky} `makc ~qoejykb ie`eh hm`ej}jel ~mqwole` wm``klf iel ikqmgy heqjmyklf eie ik~mqklfjey jm mh~ey #>,561+
Hmldeik ce` {elf ~mlyklf aefk Aelj AQK }ly}j amqykliej `makc ~qoejykb ie`eh hm`elgeqjel jmi}e jmfkeyel ymqwma}y jeqmle hmhelf ~eie jmi}e jmfkeyel ymqwma}y hmh}lfjkljel ymqgk~yel{e wma}ec c}a}lfel `elfw}lf elyeqe Aelj AQK imlfel ~}a`kj Klkwkeykb iel jmejykbel {elf yklffk ieqk ~kcej Aelj AQK ie`eh hm`ej}jel ~mlimjeyel ~mqw}ewkb }ly}j hmqelfj}` ~}a`kj hmldeik wma}ec wyqeymfk ~mlyklf f}le ie~ey hmlge~ek y}d}el(y}d}el ~qohowkl{e ymq}yehe {elf amqjekyel imlfel ~mld}e`el Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK iel d}fe hmldefe wmqrkgm `mrm` ieqk akwlkwl{e klk
;6
^eie ~qkoqkyew ymqejckq eie`ec ejykb hm`ej}jel ~qohowk am`ov ycm `klm imlfel amly}j jmfkeyel msckakykol iel ~mhamqkel w~olwoqwck~ Jmi}e jmfkeyel klk amqjekyel mqey imlfel }~e{e Aelj
AQK }ly}j hmlelehjel gkyqe ~owkykbl{e ikymlfec ~}a`kj Jmfkeyel msckakykol ikdeikjel Aelj AQK wmaefek weqele }ly}j hmlfmi}jewk
~}a`kj ymlyelf Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK, imlfel imhkjkel ikceqe~jel ~}a`kj ejel hmlfmyec}k `makc ael{ej ymlyelf Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK iel hmlelfje~ jmwel {elf ~owkykb Iel ieqk jmwel {elf ~owkykb ymqwma}y ikceqe~jel ejel ykha}` jmymqyeqkjel }ly}j hmldeik geqico`imq Jeqy}
Jqmiky
AQK
Wmielfjel
}ly}j
jmfkeyel
~mhamqkel
w~olwoqwck~, ~mlimjeyell{e hmhelf amqamie imlfel msckakykol
jeqmle amqjekyel imlfel ~kcej `ekl eye} w}ey} klwyelwk {elf ikamqk w~olwoq Imlfel amqwmike hmhaely} hmlw}jwmwjel w}ey} jmfkeyel {elf ikwm`mlfffeqejel w}ey} klwyelwk, wm`ekl ie~ey hmhaely} hmlelehjel gkyqe ~owkykb ~mq}weceel d}fe ie~ey hmldefe c}a}lfel aekj imlfel klwyelwk ymqwma}y Iel jmim~ell{e, imlfel c}a}lfel {elf ymqde`kl imlfel aekj ymqwma}y heje ikceqe~jel ie~ey ik`eld}yjel imlfel jmqdewehe }ly}j jmfkeyel(jmfkeyel ~qohowk Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK `ekll{e
JMWKH^]@EL IEL WEQEL
5, Jmwkh~}`el
e Aelj AQK }ly}j hmh~qohowkjel Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK hm`ej}jel jm`khe jmfkeyel ae}qel ~qohowk {elf hm`k~}yk ~mqkj`elel, ~mqwole` wm``klf, ~qohowk ~mld}e`el, ~}a`kwkyew iel c}a}lfel hew{eqejey iel ~mheweqel `elfw}lf a Bejyoq(bejyoq {elf ymqkimlykbkjewk wmaefek bejyoq ~ml{}w}l wyqeymfk ~qohowk Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK ymqikqk ieqk mleh bejyoq {eky} elffeqel ~qohowk, w}hamq ie{e hel}wke, jeqejymqkwykj ~eweq, jeqejymqkwykj ~qoi}j, WY^ iel ~mqweklfel Ieqk ~mlfo`ecel EC^ ikie~eyjel aecve WY^ ymqkimlykbkjewk wmaefek bejyoq ~qkoqkyew }yehe {elf hmh~mlfeq}ck ~ml{}w}lel wyqeymfk ~qohowk Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK imlfel aoaoy >,1=2 Bejyoq wmfhmlyeykol, yeqfmyklf iel ~owkykolklf #WY^+ hmldeik ~qkoqkyew }yehe jeqmle WY^ {elf
ikq}h}wjel wmgeqe heyelf o`mc ~mq}weceel ejel ikdeikjel wmaefek eqecel aefk wyqeymfk ~qohowk {elf ejel ikde`eljel, wmcklffe mjw~elwk Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK ie~ey amqde`el wmgeqe ym~ey g E`ymqleykb wyqeymfk ~qohowk aefk Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK {eky} #E+ hmlklfjeyjel bqmj}mlwk/klymlwkyew ~qohowk eaorm ycm `klm, jc}w}wl{e kj`el ~eie hmike m`mjyqolkj he}~}l hmike gmyej: #A+ @makc ~qoejykb ie`eh hm`ej}jel ~mqwole` wm``klf iel ikqmgy heqjmyklf: #G+ Ejykb hm`ej}jel ~qohowk am`ov ycm `klm imlfel amly}j jmfkeyel msckakykol iel ~mhamqkel w~olwoqwck~: #I+
Hmh~mqael{ej jmqdewehe imlfel hmqgcely {elf ymqjmh}je: iel #M+ Hm`ej}jel ~qohowk ~mld}e`el imlfel ~qofqeh {elf `makc hmleqkj iel hmlfjoh}lkjewkjell{e imlfel klymlwkb E`ymqleykb wyqeymfk {elf ie~ey ik~qkoqkyewjel
aefk
Jeqy}
Jqmiky
AQK
eie`ec
hmlklfjeyjel
bqmj}mlwk/klymlwkyew ~qohowk eaorm ycm `klm, jc}w}wl{e kj`el
~eie hmike
m`mjyqolkj iel hmike gmyej #>,1;6+ Imlfel hmlklfjeyjel bqmj}mlwk eye} klymlwkyewl{e heje ikceqe~jel d}h`ec klboqhewk {elf weh~ek jm~eie hew{eqejey ejel wmhejkl ael{ej wmcklffe ~eie ejckql{e hew{eqejey hmldeik eveqm ymqceie~ Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK iel jmykje h}lg}` jma}y}cel
;;
ejel wma}ec jeqy} jqmiky heje jolw}hml ejel hmh~mqykhaelfjel Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK wmaefek hmqmj {elf ymqmjeh ikamlejl{e 1, Weqel
Ce`(ce` {elf ie~ey ikweqeljel iel hmldeik hew}jel aefk ~mq}weceel eyew aecewel ie`eh ~mlm`kykel klk eie`ec 4 e ^m`ejweleel jmfkeyel ~qohowk Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK ~mq`} ik`ej}jel wmgeqe klymlwkb iel jolykl{} imlfel hmhelbeeyjel wm`}q}c w}hamq ie{e {elf eie a Wmc}a}lfel imlfel yeqfmy eve`l{e {eky} ieqk leweaec AQK/]HJH AQK heje cmliejl{e Aelj AQK `makc hmh~mqj}ey jelyoq(jelyoq geaelfl{e }ly}j hm`ej}jel jmfkeyel ~qohowk Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK g Kj`el ik ym`mrkwk cmliejl{e bqmj}mlwkl{e ie~ey `makc ikyklfjeyjel Ikhele }ly}j ~mle{elfell{e ykiej cel{e weey ik`ejwelejel ~qofqeh egeqe AQK, leh}l d}fe ik deh(deh `ekl {elf ~oymlwke` i Kj`el ik qeiko cmliejl{e ykiej cel{e ikwkeqjel ik qeiko(qeiko ik joye Dejeqye eye} Aeli}lf wede, hm`ekljel d}fe ik qeiko ~eie joye(joye `ekll{e, ymq}yehe 51 joye `ekl {elf hmldeik boj}w jmfkeyel ~qohowk Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK m Wmaekjl{e ik`ej}jel ~mlm`kykel `makc `eld}y }ly}j hmlf}j}q mbmjykrkyew jmfkeyel ~qohowk Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK ieqk wmfk ieh~ej joh}lkjewk iel d}fe c}a}lfell{e imlfel ~mlklfjeyel ~mld}e`el
IEBYEQ ^]WYEJE
E`he, A 1>>1 Heledmhml ^mheweqel iel ^mheweqel Dewe 4 Mikwk Qmrkwk ^mlmqaky E`beamye Aeli}lf Elfk~oqe, ^ H 1>>1 Ieweq ‗ Ieweq ^mheweqel Mikwk Jmi}e ^Y QedeFqebklio ^mqweie Dejeqye Elol{ho}w 1>>2 1>>6, Jeqy} Jqmiky Y}ha}c 7>-, A}lfe Jeqy} Jqmiky ALK Ymqmliec Klrmwyoq Kliolmwke cyy~ 4 // vvvklrmwyoqkliolmwkegoh /klims~c~?8goh_golymly"yewj8rkmv"ki815196"kymhki81Z1>Imwmhamq 1>>2 X Am`gc, Fmoqfm M iel Hkgcem` E Am`gc 1>>5 Eirmqykwklf eli ^qohoykol 4 El Klymfqeymi Heqjmyklf Gohh}lkgeykolw ^mqw~mgykrm =yc Mikykol HgFQev( Ck``/Kqvkl Lmv [oqj I}qkelyo my e` 1>>7 Klrewk ^eweq imlfel Kj`el {elf Mbmjykb 4 Wyqeymfk, ^qofqeh iel Ymjlkj ^mlf}j}qel ^Y Fqehmike ^}wyeje ]yehe Dejeqye Ideveckq, JH 7> Lormhamq ‗ 5> Imwmhamq 1>>2 ‐Klk Akwlkw => Yqk`k}l, A}lf%‘ WVE 4 C`h ;>(;; Bmvkieqyo, ^I 5;;2 ^qowmw Ckqeqjk Ele`kykj #Ele`{ykge` Ckmqeqgc{ ^qogmww+ Heymqk J}qw}w Wklfjey D}q}wel Ymjclo`ofk Kli}wyqk ^mqyelkel, Klwyky}y ^mqyelkel Aofoq Aofoq Jewhkq 1>>9 Heledmhml ^mqaeljel ^Y QedeFqebklio ^mqweie Dejeqye Joy`mq, ^ 5;;6 Heledmhml ^mheweqel 4 Ele`kwkw, ^mqmlgeleel, Kh~`mhmlyewk iel ^mlfmlie`kel Dk`ki I}e Mikwk Jmwmhak`el ^Y ^qmlce``klio Dejeqye 1>>> Ieweq(Ieweq Heledmhml ^mheweqel ^Y Fqehmike Dejeqye 1>>9 Heledmhml ^mheweqel 4 Mikwk Hk`mlk}h #Dk`ki Wey}+ ^Y Klimjw Jm`oh~oj Fqehmike Dejeqye Joy`mq ^ iel Feq{ Eqhwyqolf 1>>5 ^qklwk~(^qklwk~ ^mheweqel Dk`ki Wey} Mikwk Jmim`e~el ^mlmqaky Mq`elffe Dejeqye 1>>9 Ieweq(Ieweq ^mheweqel Dk`ki I}e Mikwk Jmwmhak`el ^Y Klimjw Dejeqye
5>5
He‛eqkb HW iel Cmliqk Yeld}lf 1>>7 Ymjlkj(Ymjlkj J}elykyeykb Heledmhml ^mlmqaky ^Y Fqewklio Dejeqye @orm`ogj, GC iel @J Vqkfcy 1>>= Heledmhml ^mheweqel Dewe ^Y Klimjw Jm`oh~oj Fqehmike Dejeqye Weey{, Y@ 5;;7 ^qowmw Ckqeqjk Ele`kykj }ly}j ^mlfehak`el Jm~}y}wel ie`eh Wky}ewk {elf Joh~`mjw ^Y ^}wyeje Aklehel ^qmwwklio Dejeqye Wckh~, EY 5;;; ^mqkj`elel iel ^qohowk 4 Joh}lkjewk ^mheweqel Ymq~ei} Mq`elffe Dejeqye Ydk~yolo, B 5;;2 Heledmhml DeweMikwk Jmykfe ^mlmqaky ELIK [of{ejeqye Yqkelieq} W iel Yoyoj A 1>>2 Aelj iel @mhaefe Jm}elfel @ekl Mikwk 1 ^mlmqaky We`mhae Mh~ey Dejeqye [elyk, LH 1>>9 Ele`kwkw Wyqeymfk ^qohowk ELYR ie`eh Jekyell{e imlfel ‐Aqeli Khefm‘ ^mq}weceel Wjqk~wk ~eie Im~eqymhml Heledmhml, Bej}`yew Mjolohk iel Heledmhml, Klwyky}y ^mqyelkel Aofoq Aofoq [etki 1>>= ^mheweqel Dewe Jolwm~ iel Kh~`mhmlyewk ^mlmqaky Mjolkwke Jeh~}w Bej}`yew Mjolohk ]KK [of{ejeqye [}lkie, B 1>>2 Ele`kwkw Wyqeymfk ^qohowk ^Y Ym`mrkwk Yqelwboqhewk Kliolmwke #Yqelw YR+ Wjqk~wk ~eie Im~eqymhml Heledmhml, Bej}`yew Mjolohk iel Heledmhml, Klwyky}y ^mqyelkel Aofoq Aofoq
5>1 @eh~kqel 5, J}mwkolmq ^mlm`kykel
J]MWKOLMQ ^MLM@KYKEL
ELE@KWKW WYQEYMFK ^QOHOWK JEQY] JQMIKY AELJ QEJ[EY KLIOLMWKE # ^Y Aelj Qej{ey Kliolmwke #^mqwmqo+ Yaj +
O`mc 4 KHEL ELCEQIK C195>7>;3
IM^EQYMHML HELEDMHML BEJ]@YEW MJOLOHK IEL HELEDMHML KLWYKY]Y ^MQYELKEL AOFOQ 1>>6
5>7 @eld}yel @eh~kqel 5 J}mwkolmq ^mlm`kykel
ELE@KWKW WYQEYMFK ^QOHOWK JEQY] JQMIKY AELJ QEJ[EY KLIOLMWKE #^Y Aelj Qej{ey Kliolmwke #^mqwmqo+ Yaj+
Jm~eie Qmw~oliml {elf ymqcoqhey,
Ie`eh qelfje hml{m`mwekjel wy}ik/y}few ejckq ik Bej}`yew Mjolohk iel Heledmhml, Im~eqymhml Heledmhml, Klwyky}y ^mqyelkel Aofoq, ik~mq`}jel i}j}lfel Ae~ej/Ka} }ly}j hmlfkwk j}mwkolmq klk ^mlfkwkel J}mwkolmq klk ikhejw}ijel }ly}j hmli}j}lf ~qowmw ejckq ~mlfo`ecel ieye ie`eh qelfje ~mhmgecel hewe`ec ^mlfkwkel j}mwkolmq hmhk`kjk y}d}el }ly}j hmlmly}jel wmde}c hele ~mlfeq}c iel yklfjey bejyoq, ~m`ej}, y}d}el wmqye joh~olml `ekl ie`eh hmh~mqo`mc wyqeymfk ~qohowk aefk ~mq}weceel @eliewel }yehe ~mlfkwkel j}mwkolmq klk eie`ec wma}ec ckqeqjk #wyq}jy}q EC^+ imlfel joh~olml(joh~olmll{e {elf `mlfje~, {elf ikw}w}l amqieweqjel e`ymqleykb, cewk` oawmqrewk wmqye ~mlie~ey ~kcej ymqjeky ie`eh ~mq}weceel ^ml{}w}lel ckqeqjk klk wmw}lff}cl{e ikwmw}ekjel imlfel jmeieel ~mq}weceel ^mhk`kcel e`ymqleykb wyqeymfk ~qohowk h}lfjkl ejel ie~ey hmldeik ~k`kcel {elf welfey ~ey}y ik~mqykhaelfjel imlfel eiel{e wklmqfkwkyew elyeqe wm`}q}c ew~mj {elf ymqjeky Wyqeymfk ~qohowk e`ymqleykb hmq}~ejel wma}ec jolikwk iel jma}y}cel ~mq}weceel O`mc jeqmle ky} ikceqe~jel ~mlfkwkel j}mwkolmq klk eie`ec amqieweqjel ~mlfe`ehel, ~mlk`ekel {elf ikqewejel o`mc qmw~oliml #Ae~ej/Ka}+ ymqceie~ m`mhml(m`mhml {elf hmlieweqk ~ml{}w}lel wyqeymfk ~qohowk e`ymqleykb klk ]ly}j ky}, jehk welfey hmlfceqe~jel jmwmikeel Ae~ej/Ka} hm`}elfjel vejy} }ly}j hmlfkwk j}mwkolmq klk Jmd}d}qel Ae~ej/Ka} ie`eh hmlfkwk j}mwkolmq klk welfey amqeqyk aefk ~mlm`kykel jehk Eyew jmwmikeel Ae~ej/Ka} {elf ym`ec hm`}elfjel vejy}l{e ie`eh hmlfkwk j}mwkolmq klk, ~ml{}w}l hmlf}ge~jel ymqkhe jewkc
Dejeqye, E~qk` 1>>6 Khel Elceqik C195>7>;3
5>9 @eld}yel @eh~kqel 5 J}mwkolmq ^mlm`kykel
IEYE QMW^OLIML 5 Lehe
4 •••••••••••••
1 Dmlkw Jm`ehkl
4 ^qke/Velkye
7 ]wke
4 ••••Yec}l
9 ^mlikikjel ymqejckq
4 e WHE eye} wmimqedey a Ik~`ohe/Weqdele H}ie g Weqdele W5 i W1 eye} `makc
= Deaeyel
4 ••••••••••
2 Y}few iel Vmvmlelf
4
e ••••••••••••••••••••••••• a ••••••••••••••••••••••••• g ••••••••••••••••••••••••• i ••••••••••••••••••••••••• m ••••••••••••••••••• 6 @ehe amjmqde ik Aelj AQK 4 ••••••••••Yec}l 3 ^mqlecjec Elie amjmqde ik ^mq}weceel `ekl wmam`}hl{e ? e [e a Ykiej ; Dkje Elie hmldevea {e #~eie ~mqyel{eel Lo3, amqe~e `ehe Elie amjmqde wmam`}hl{e ? ••Yec}l 5> Deaeyel
ymqejckq
Elie
wmvejy}
jm`}eq
ieqk
•••• 55 Yelffe` ~mlfkwkel 4 ••••••••
^mq}weceel
ymqwma}y
?
5>= @eld}yel @eh~kqel 5, J}mwkolmq ^mlm`kykel
^MY]LD]J ^MLFKWKEL
5 ^eie aefkel klk Elie ikhklye }ly}j hmhaeliklfjel elyeqe m`mhml(m`mhml E iel A , `e`} hmhamqk yelie S eye} ∔ lk`ek ~mqaeliklfell{e 1 Deveael ieqk ~mqyel{eel ymqwma}y ikamqk lk`ek o`mc qmw~oliml amqieweqjel yklfjey jm~mlyklfel ieqk m`mhml(m`mhml {elf ikaeliklfjel wmgeqe amqweheel 7 Lk`ek ~mqaeliklfel {elf ikamqkjel hmh~}l{ek wje`e 5(; Imbklkwk ieqk wje`e {elf ikf}lejel }ly}j hmlk`ek joh~eqewk ikymly}jel wmaefek amqkj}y 4 Lk`ek Joh~eqewk
Imbklkwk
#E ikaeliklfjel A+ 5
E iel A wehe ~mlyklf
7
E wmikjky `makc ~mlyklf ieqk A
=
E `makc ~mlyklf ieqk A
6
E welfey dm`ew `makc ~mlyklf ieqk A
;
E h}y`ej `makc ~mlyklf ieqk A
1,9,2,3
Lk`ek(lk`ek ikelyeqe i}e ~mqykhaelfel
Golyoc 4
Elie ikhklye }ly}j hmhaeliklfjel yklfjey jm~mlyklfel elyeqe –^QOI]J‛ iel –CEQFE‛ 5 Dkje Elie hmlfelfe~ –^QOI]J‛ wmikjky `makc ~mlyklf ieqk –CEQFE‛, heje4 E ^qoi}j
Lk`ek ^mqaeliklfel ; 362 = 9 7 1 5 1 7 9 = 2 6 3;
A Ceqfe
1 Dkje Elie hmlfelffe~ –CEQFE‛ welfey dm`ew `makc ~mlyklf ieqk –^QOI]J‛ heje 4 E ^qoi}j
Lk`ek ^mqaeliklfel ; 362 = 9 7 1 5 1 7 9 = 2 6 3;
A Ceqfe
5>2 @eld}yel @eh~kqel 5 J}mwkolmq ^mlm`kykel ^mhk`kcel E`ymqleykb Wyqeymfk ^qohowk Jeqy} Jqmiky Aelj Qej{ey Kliolmwke # ^Y Aelj Qej{ey Kliolmwke #^mqwmqo+ Yaj +
^mqweklfel akwlkw jeqy} jqmiky {elf hejkl heqej yej ~m`ej hml}ly}y ~eqe ~mhekl ie`eh akwlkw klk }ly}j hejkl jqmeykb iel kloreykb ie`eh hmlgk~yejel amqaefek hegeh `elfjec wyqeymfkw f}le hmheweqjel jeqy} jqmikyl{e ^qohowk wmaefek we`ec wey} ~k`eq ieqk jmfkeyel ~mheweqel hmhmfelf ~mqelel {elf welfey ~mlyklf ymqceie~ }~e{e ~mlge~ekel y}d}el ymqwma}y O`mc jeqmle ky}, hmlfklfey amfky} ~mlyklfl{e jmfkeyel ~qohowk heje ik~mq`}jel wma}ec wyqeymfk {elf dky} wmaefek `eliewel eye} ieweq ~m`ejweleel jmfkeyel ~qohowk Wyqeymfk ~qohowk klk`ec {elf ejel ikdeaeqjel jmie`eh amqaefek amly}j jmfkeyel ~qohowk {elf `makc qkk` iel mbmjykb wmcklffe ie~ey hmlfejohoikq wm`}q}c jm~mlyklfel iel y}d}el ieqk jmfkeyel ~qohowk ky} wmlikqk E Bejyoq
5 Elffeqel ^qohowk, wyqeymfk ~qohowk {elf ikw}w}l ceq}w ikwmw}ekjel iel ~qo~oqwkole` imlfel elffeqel {elf ikhk`kjk o`mc ~mq}weceel 1 W}hamq Ie{e Hel}wke, }j}qel jmheh~}el w}hamqie{e hel}wke {elf ikhk`kjk o`mc ~mq}weceel ie`eh hmldeaeqjel wyqeymfk ~qohowk jmie`eh amqaefek amly}j jmfkeyel {elf ikklfkljel ~mq}weceel iel hmlde`eljel jmfkeyel ~qohowk ymqwma}y 7 Jeqejymqkwykj ^eweq, ie~ey ik`kcey ie`eh 7 ce`, {eky} #5+ `}ew fmofqebkw ~eweqel, #1+ jolwmlyqewk ~eweq, #7+ d}h`ec dmlkw ~mham`k ~oymlwke` 9 Jeqejymqkwykj ^qoi}j, wyqeymfk ~qohowk {elf ikamqkjel ejel amqamie }ly}j dmlkw aeqelf eye} dewe {elf amqamie = Wmfhmlyeykol, Yeqfmyklf iel ^owkykolklf, wyqeymfk ~qohowk {elf ikde`eljel ceq}w hmh~mqceykjel iel ikwmw}ekjel imlfel WY^ ~mq}weceel 2 ^mqweklfel, imlfel hm`kcey ejykrkyew ~qohowk {elf ik`ej}jel ~mweklf ~mq}weceel ie~ey hmh~mqykhaelfjel wyqeymfk ~qohowk
5>6 @eld}yel @eh~kqel 5 J}mwkolmq ^mlm`kykel
{elf ejel ikde`eljel o`mc ~mq}weceel, eye} aecjel ie~ey hmlkq} jmfkeyel ~ohowk {elf ym`ec ik`ej}jel o`mc ~mweklf A Ejyoq
5 Yo~ Helefmhmly, hmhk`kjk jmvmlelfel ie`eh hmlfmwecjel wyqeymfk ~qohowk jeqy} jqmiky AQK 1 Rkgm ^qmwkimly ob Gqmiky Geqi , hmhk`kjk jmvmlelfel ie`eh hmlfeqecjel wyqeymfk ~qohowk Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK efeq wmde`el imlfel rkwk Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK 7 Cmei ob Gqmiky Geqi A}wklmww Imrm`o~hmly Im~y , hmhk`kjk jmvmlelfel ie`eh hml{}w}l ejykrkyew iel jolwm~ ~qohowk Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK 9 Cmei ob Gqmiky Geqi We`mw " Fmlmqe` Ebbekqw Im~y , hmhk`kjk jmvmlelfel ie`eh hmlfey}q iel hmlfjooqiklewkjel jmfkeyel ~qohowk iel ~mld}e`el Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK G Y}d}el
5 Hmh~mqjmle`jel wmqye Hmhaelf}l Eveqmlmww {elf J}ey ejel Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK 1 Hmlioqolf Jolw}hml }ly}j Hmlklfjeyjel ^mlff}leel Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK 7 Hmlklfjeyjel Ro`}hm ^mld}e`el Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK ie`eh Qelfje Hmh~mq`}ew Heqjmy Wceqm Delfje ^eldelf I E`ymqleykb
5 Hmlklfjeyjel bqmj}mlwk/klymlwkyew ~qohowk eaorm ycm `klm, jc}w}wl{e kj`el ~eie hmike m`mjyqolkj he}~}l hmike gmyej 1 @makc ~qoejykb ie`eh hm`ej}jel ~mqwole` wm``klf iel ikqmgy heqjmyklf
7 Ejykb hm`ej}jel ~qohowk am`ov ycm `klm imlfel amly}j jmfkeyel msckakykol iel ~mhamqkel w~olwoqwck~
9 Hmh~mqael{ej jmqdewehe imlfel hmqgcely {elf ymqjmh}je = Hm`ej}jel ~qohowk ~mld}e`el imlfel ~qofqeh {elf `makc hmleqkj iel hmlfjoh}lkjewkjell{e imlfel klymlwkb
5>3 @eld}yel @eh~kqel 5 J}mwkolmq ^mlm`kykel ^MLFKWKEL J]MWKOLMQ
Ie`eh hmlmly}jel aoaoy ~qkoqkyew e`ymqleykb wyqeymfk ~qohowk ymqie~ey mleh bejyoq {elf ~mq`} ik~mqykhaelfjel, {eky} Elffeqel ^qohowk #EF^+, W}hamq Ie{e Hel}wke #WIH+, Jeqejymqkwykj ^eweq #J^ew+, Jeqejymqkwykj ^qoi}j #J^qoi+, Wmfhmlyeykol, Yeqfmyklf iel ^owkykolklf #WY^+ iel ^mqweklfel #^WF+
Aeliklfjel amqieweqjel yklfjey jm~mlyklfel/~mlfeq}c qm`eykb elyeqe wey} bejyoq imlfel bejyoq `ekll{e ie`eh hmlmly}jel aoaoy ~qkoqkyew e`ymqleykb wyqeymfk ~qohowk,
E
Lk`ek ^mqaeliklfel
A
EF^
;362=
9
7
1
5
1
7
9
=
2
6
3;
WIH
EF^
;362=
9
7
1
5
1
7
9
=
2
6
3;
J^ew
EF^
;362=
9
7
1
5
1
7
9
=
2
6
3;
J^qoi
EF^
;362=
9
7
1
5
1
7
9
=
2
6
3;
WY^
EF^
;362=
9
7
1
5
1
7
9
=
2
6
3;
^WF
WIH
;362=
9
7
1
5
1
7
9
=
2
6
3;
J^ew
WIH
;362=
9
7
1
5
1
7
9
=
2
6
3;
J^qoi
WIH
;362=
9
7
1
5
1
7
9
=
2
6
3;
WY^
WIH
;362=
9
7
1
5
1
7
9
=
2
6
3;
^WF
J^ew
;362=
9
7
1
5
1
7
9
=
2
6
3;
J^qoi
J^ew
;362=
9
7
1
5
1
7
9
=
2
6
3;
WY^
J^ew
;362=
9
7
1
5
1
7
9
=
2
6
3;
^WF
J^qoi
;362=
9
7
1
5
1
7
9
=
2
6
3;
WY^
J^qoi
;362=
9
7
1
5
1
7
9
=
2
6
3;
^WF
WY^
;362=
9
7
1
5
1
7
9
=
2
6
3;
^WF
Lk`ek 5 8 wehe ~mlyklf: 7 8 wmikjky `makc ~mlyklf: = 8 dm`ew `makc ~mlyklf: 68welfey dm`ew `makc ~mlyklf: ; 8 h}y`ej `makc ~mlyklf: lk`ek 1, 9, 2, 3 eie`ec lk`ek(lk`ek ikelyeqel{e
5>; @eld}yel @eh~kqel 5 J}mwkolmq ^mlm`kykel
Ymqie~ey mh~ey ejyoq {elf amq~mqel ie`eh ~mlfehak`el jm~}y}wel ~mhk`kcel wyqeymfk ~qohowk eie`ec Yo~ Helefmhmly #YH+, Rkgm ^qmwkimly ob Gqmiky Geqi #R^GG+, Cmei ob Gqmiky Geqi A}wklmww Imrm`o~hmly Im~y, #CAI+, Cmei ob Gqmiky Geqi We`mw " Fmlmqe` Ebbekqw #CWFE+
e Aeliklfjel yklfjey jm~mlyklfel/~mlfeq}c qm`eykb elyeqe ejyoq imlfel ejyoq `ekll{e ie`eh jolymjw ~mlfeq}c Elffeqel ^qohowk }ly}j ~mhk`kcel wyqeymfk ~qohowk,
E
Lk`ek ^mqaeliklfel
A
YH
;362=
9
7
1
5
1
7
9
=
2
6
3;
R^GG
YH
;362=
9
7
1
5
1
7
9
=
2
6
3;
CAI
YH
;362=
9
7
1
5
1
7
9
=
2
6
3;
CWFE
R^GG
;362=
9
7
1
5
1
7
9
=
2
6
3;
CAI
R^GG
;362=
9
7
1
5
1
7
9
=
2
6
3;
CWFE
CAI
;362=
9
7
1
5
1
7
9
=
2
6
3;
CWFE
a Aeliklfjel yklfjey jm~mlyklfel/~mlfeq}c qm`eykb elyeqe ejyoq imlfel ejyoq `ekll{e ie`eh jolymjw ~mlfeq}c W}hamq Ie{e Hel}wke }ly}j ~mhk`kcel wyqeymfk ~qohowk, E
Lk`ek ^mqaeliklfel
A
YH
;362=
9
7
1
5
1
7
9
=
2
6
3;
YH
;362=
9
7
1
5
1
7
9
=
2
6
3;
CAI
YH
;362=
9
7
1
5
1
7
9
=
2
6
3;
CWFE
R^GG
;362=
9
7
1
5
1
7
9
=
2
6
3;
CAI
R^GG
;362=
9
7
1
5
1
7
9
=
2
6
3;
CWFE
CAI
;362=
9
7
1
5
1
7
9
=
2
6
3;
CWFE
Lk`ek 5 8 wehe ~mlyklf: 7 8 wmikjky `makc ~mlyklf: = 8 dm`ew `makc ~mlyklf: 68welfey dm`ew `makc ~mlyklf: ; 8 h}y`ej `makc ~mlyklf: lk`ek 1, 9, 2, 3 eie`ec lk`ek(lk`ek ikelyeqel{e
R^GG
55> @eld}yel @eh~kqel 5 J}mwkolmq ^mlm`kykel g Aeliklfjel yklfjey jm~mlyklfel/~mlfeq}c qm`eykb elyeqe ejyoq imlfel ejyoq `ekll{e ie`eh jolymjw ~mlfeq}c Jeqejymqkwykj ^eweq }ly}j ~mhk`kcel wyqeymfk ~qohowk,
E
Lk`ek ^mqaeliklfel
A
YH
;362=
9
7
1
5
1
7
9
=
2
6
3;
R^GG
YH
;362=
9
7
1
5
1
7
9
=
2
6
3;
CAI
YH
;362=
9
7
1
5
1
7
9
=
2
6
3;
CWFE
R^GG
;362=
9
7
1
5
1
7
9
=
2
6
3;
CAI
R^GG
;362=
9
7
1
5
1
7
9
=
2
6
3;
CWFE
CAI
;362=
9
7
1
5
1
7
9
=
2
6
3;
CWFE
i Aeliklfjel yklfjey jm~mlyklfel/~mlfeq}c qm`eykb elyeqe ejyoq imlfel ejyoq `ekll{e ie`eh jolymjw ~mlfeq}c Jeqejymqkwykj ^qoi}j }ly}j ~mhk`kcel wyqeymfk ~qohowk,
E
Lk`ek ^mqaeliklfel
A
YH
;362=
9
7
1
5
1
7
9
=
2
6
3;
R^GG
YH
;362=
9
7
1
5
1
7
9
=
2
6
3;
CAI
YH R^GG
;362= ;362=
9 9
7 7
1 1
5 5
1 1
7 7
9 9
= =
2 2
6 6
3; 3;
CWFE CAI
R^GG
;362=
9
7
1
5
1
7
9
=
2
6
3;
CWFE
CAI
;362=
9
7
1
5
1
7
9
=
2
6
3;
CWFE
Lk`ek 5 8 wehe ~mlyklf: 7 8 wmikjky `makc ~mlyklf: = 8 dm`ew `makc ~mlyklf: 68welfey dm`ew `makc ~mlyklf: ; 8 h}y`ej `makc ~mlyklf: lk`ek 1, 9, 2, 3 eie`ec lk`ek(lk`ek ikelyeqel{e
555 @eld}yel @eh~kqel 5 J}mwkolmq ^mlm`kykel
m Aeliklfjel yklfjey jm~mlyklfel/~mlfeq}c qm`eykb elyeqe ejyoq imlfel ejyoq `ekll{e ie`eh jolymjw ~mlfeq}c Wmfhmlyeykol, Yeqfmyklf iel ^owkykolklf }ly}j ~mhk`kcel wyqeymfk ~qohowk,
E
b,
Lk`ek ^mqaeliklfel
A
YH
;362=
9
7
1
5
1
7
9
=
2
6
3;
R^GG
YH
;362=
9
7
1
5
1
7
9
=
2
6
3;
CAI
YH
;362=
9
7
1
5
1
7
9
=
2
6
3;
CWFE
R^GG
;362=
9
7
1
5
1
7
9
=
2
6
3;
CAI
R^GG
;362=
9
7
1
5
1
7
9
=
2
6
3;
CWFE
CAI
;362=
9
7
1
5
1
7
9
=
2
6
3;
CWFE
Aeliklfjel yklfjey jm~mlyklfel/~mlfeq}c qm`eykb elyeqe ejyoq imlfel ejyoq `ekll{e ie`eh jolymjw ~mlfeq}c ^mqweklfel }ly}j ~mhk`kcel wyqeymfk ~qohowk,
E
Lk`ek ^mqaeliklfel
A
YH
;362=
9
7
1
5
1
7
9
=
2
6
3;
R^GG
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9
7
1
5
1
7
9
=
2
6
3;
CAI
YH R^GG
;362= ;362=
9 9
7 7
1 1
5 5
1 1
7 7
9 9
= =
2 2
6 6
3; 3;
CWFE CAI
R^GG
;362=
9
7
1
5
1
7
9
=
2
6
3;
CWFE
CAI
;362=
9
7
1
5
1
7
9
=
2
6
3;
CWFE
Lk`ek 5 8 wehe ~mlyklf: 7 8 wmikjky `makc ~mlyklf: = 8 dm`ew `makc ~mlyklf: 68welfey dm`ew `makc ~mlyklf: ; 8 h}y`ej `makc ~mlyklf: lk`ek 1, 9, 2, 3 eie`ec lk`ek(lk`ek ikelyeqel{e
551 @eld}yel @eh~kqel 5 J}mwkolmq ^mlm`kykel
Ymqie~ey ykfe y}d}el {elf klfkl ikge~ek ~mq}weceel hm`e`}k wyqeymfk ~qohowk {elf ik~k`kc ~mq}weceel, {eky} 5 Hmh~mqjmle`jel wmqye Hmhaelf}l Eveqmlmww {elf J}ey ejel Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK #HHEJ+ 1 Hmlioqolf Jolw}hml }ly}j Hmlklfjeyjel ^mlff}leel Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK #HJH^+ 7 Hmlklfjeyjel Ro`}hm ^mld}e`el Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK ie`eh Qelfje Hmh~mq`}ew Heqjmy Wceqm Delfje ^eldelf #HR^+ Aeliklfjel yklfjey jm~mlyklfel/~mlfeq}c qm`eykb elyeqe we`ec wey} y}d}el imlfel y}d}el `ekll{e }ly}j ~eqe ejyoq ie`eh hmlmly}jel aoaoy ~qkoqkyew ~mhk`kcel e`ymqleykb wyqeymfk ~qohowk ~mq}weceel,
e Ymqceie~ jm~mlyklfel Yo~ Helefmhmly E
Lk`ek ^mqaeliklfel
A
HHEJ ;
3
6
2
=
9
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1
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1
7
9
=
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;
HJH^
HHEJ ;
3
6
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=
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;
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HJH^
3
6
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;
HR^
;
a Ymqceie~ jm~mlyklfel Rkgm ^qmwkimly ob Gqmiky Geqi E
Lk`ek ^mqaeliklfel
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3
6
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1
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;
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A
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Lk`ek 5 8 wehe ~mlyklf: 7 8 wmikjky `makc ~mlyklf: = 8 dm`ew `makc ~mlyklf: 68welfey dm`ew `makc ~mlyklf: ; 8 h}y`ej `makc ~mlyklf: lk`ek 1, 9, 2, 3 eie`ec lk`ek(lk`ek ikelyeqel{e
557 @eld}yel @eh~kqel 5 J}mwkolmq ^mlm`kykel
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A
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;
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;
Lk`ek 5 8 wehe ~mlyklf: 7 8 wmikjky `makc ~mlyklf: = 8 dm`ew `makc ~mlyklf: 68welfey dm`ew `makc ~mlyklf: ; 8 h}y`ej `makc ~mlyklf: lk`ek 1, 9, 2, 3 eie`ec lk`ek(lk`ek ikelyeqel{e
559 @eld}yel @eh~kqel 5 J}mwkolmq ^mlm`kykel
Ymqie~ey `khe e`ymqleykb wyqeymfk ~qohowk {elf ejel iklk`ek aoaoy ~qkoqkyewl{e ie`eh wyqeymfk ~qohowk {elf ikyeveqjel, {eky} 4 5 Hmlklfjeyjel bqmj}mlwk/klymlwkyew ~qohowk eaorm ycm `klm, jc}w}wl{e kj`el ik hmike m`mjyqolkj iel hmike gmyej #E+ 1 @makc ~qoejykb ie`eh hm`ej}jel ~mqwole` wm``klf iel ikqmgy heqjmyklf #A+ 7 Ejykb hm`ej}jel ~qohowk am`ov ycm `klm imlfel amly}j jmfkeyel msckakykol iel ~mhamqkel w~olwoqwck~ #G+ 9 Hmh~mqael{ej jmqdewehe imlfel hmqgcely {elf ymqjmh}je #I+ = Ejykb hm`ej}jel jmfkeyel ~qohowk ~mld}e`el imlfel ~qofqeh(~qofqeh {elf hmleqkj iel hmlfjoh}lkjewkjell{e imlfel klymlwkb #M+
Aeliklfjel yklfjey jm~mlyklfel qm`eykb elyeqe e`ymqleykb wey} imlfel e`ymqleykb `ekll{e }ly}j hmlge~ek y}d}el(y}d}el ikaevec klk
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Lk`ek ^mqaeliklfel
A
E
;362= 9 7 1 5 1 7 9 = 2 6 3;
A
E E
;362= 9 7 1 5 1 7 9 = 2 6 3; ;362= 9 7 1 5 1 7 9 = 2 6 3;
G I
E
;362= 9 7 1 5 1 7 9 = 2 6 3;
M
A
;362= 9 7 1 5 1 7 9 = 2 6 3;
G
A
;362= 9 7 1 5 1 7 9 = 2 6 3;
I
A
;362= 9 7 1 5 1 7 9 = 2 6 3;
M
G
;362= 9 7 1 5 1 7 9 = 2 6 3;
I
G
;362= 9 7 1 5 1 7 9 = 2 6 3;
M
I
;362= 9 7 1 5 1 7 9 = 2 6 3;
M
Lk`ek 5 8 wehe ~mlyklf: 7 8 wmikjky `makc ~mlyklf: = 8 dm`ew `makc ~mlyklf: 68welfey dm`ew `makc ~mlyklf: ; 8 h}y`ej `makc ~mlyklf: lk`ek 1, 9, 2, 3 eie`ec lk`ek(lk`ek ikelyeqel{e
55= @eld}yel @eh~kqel 5 J}mwkolmq ^mlm`kykel
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Lk`ek ^mqaeliklfel
;362= 9 7 1 5 1 7 9 = 2 6 3;
A
A
E
;362= 9 7 1 5 1 7 9 = 2 6 3;
G
E
;362= 9 7 1 5 1 7 9 = 2 6 3;
I
E
;362= 9 7 1 5 1 7 9 = 2 6 3;
M
A
;362= 9 7 1 5 1 7 9 = 2 6 3;
G
A
;362= 9 7 1 5 1 7 9 = 2 6 3;
I
A
;362= 9 7 1 5 1 7 9 = 2 6 3;
M
G
;362= 9 7 1 5 1 7 9 = 2 6 3;
I
G
;362= 9 7 1 5 1 7 9 = 2 6 3;
M
I
;362= 9 7 1 5 1 7 9 = 2 6 3;
M
g Dkje y}d}ell{e }ly}j Hmlklfjeyjel Ro`}hm ^mld}e`el Jeqy} Jqmiky AQK ie`eh Qelfje Hmh~mq`}ew Heqjmy Wceqm Delfje ^eldelf #HR^+ E
Lk`ek ^mqaeliklfel
A
E
;362= 9 7 1 5 1 7 9 = 2 6 3;
A
E
;362= 9 7 1 5 1 7 9 = 2 6 3;
G
E
;362= 9 7 1 5 1 7 9 = 2 6 3;
I
E
;362= 9 7 1 5 1 7 9 = 2 6 3;
M
A
;362= 9 7 1 5 1 7 9 = 2 6 3;
G
A
;362= 9 7 1 5 1 7 9 = 2 6 3;
I
A
;362= 9 7 1 5 1 7 9 = 2 6 3;
M
G
;362= 9 7 1 5 1 7 9 = 2 6 3;
I
G
;362= 9 7 1 5 1 7 9 = 2 6 3;
M
I
;362= 9 7 1 5 1 7 9 = 2 6 3;
M
Lk`ek 5 8 wehe ~mlyklf: 7 8 wmikjky `makc ~mlyklf: = 8 dm`ew `makc ~mlyklf: 68welfey dm`ew `makc ~mlyklf: ; 8 h}y`ej `makc ~mlyklf: lk`ek 1, 9, 2, 3 eie`ec lk`ek(lk`ek ikelyeqel{e
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