Adverbial Phrase and Passive Voice Tonny Meng-Lun Kuo
[email protected] December 2, 2013
National Hsinchu University of Education Department of English Instruction
Week
Topics
Assignments
10
Clauses (I)
(6) Maurer: Units 10, 11
11
Clauses (II)
(7) Maurer: Units 12, 13, 19,and 20
12
Discussion on pedagogical grammar
Quiz 3
13
Passive/Gerunds and Infinitives
(8) Maurer: Units 14, 15, 16, and 17
14
Modals/Conditional sentences
(9) Maurer: Units 4, 5, 22, and 23
15
Grammar ac activities pr presentation
16
Grammar ac activities pr presentation
National Hsinchu University of Education Department of English Instruction
Learning Objectives •
At the end of this course, students will be able: 1. to identify the difference among simple, compound, and complex sentences 2. to transform adverb clause into adverb/ adverbial phrases 3. to review the usage of passive voice, passive stative and correctly edit the common errors. National Hsinchu University of Education Department of English Instruction
Task 1: Classifying adverb clauses 1. Think about the following questions: •
What is “adverb clause”?
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What are the five different types of adverb clause?
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Is adverb clause independent or dependent clause?
2. Form a group of 4-5 people, and get an envelope. 3. Classify the subordinators into correct sets in 2 mins.
National Hsinchu University of Education Department of English Instruction
Task 1: Classifying adverb clauses
Adverb clause Adverb clause Adverb clause Adverb clause Adverb clause of time of place of reason of condition of contrast after
anywhere
as
even if
although
as soon as
where
because
if
even though
before
everywhere
now that
only if
though
by the time
wherever
since
unless
whereas
in case
while
once since till/until when/while whenever
National Hsinchu University of Education Department of English Instruction
Sentences: simple, compound, and complex •
Simple sentence: contains a subject and a verb, and it expresses a complete thought.
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Compound sentence: contains two independent clauses joined by a coordinator. - coordinators: for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so. (FANBOYS)
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Complex sentence: has an independent clause joined by one or more dependent clauses. http://eslbee.com/sentences.htm
National Hsinchu University of Education Department of English Instruction
Task 2: Analyze the sentences 1. Find your partner and get a piece of worksheet entitled “Adverbial Clause Worksheet”. 2. Read the sentences, and then label the sentences into SS(simple sentence), PS(Compound sentences), or CS(complex sentences). 3. Analyze the structure of each sentence. 4. Pair work. Discuss with your partner and check the answers.
National Hsinchu University of Education Department of English Instruction
Example after= subordinator After they finished studying, Juan and Maria went to the movies. (CS) dependent clause
independent clause
National Hsinchu University of Education Department of English Instruction
1. Alejandro played football, for Maria went shopping. (PS) 2. Alejandro played football, so Maria went shopping. (PS) 3. Alicia goes to the library and studies every day. (PS) 4. I tried to speak Spanish, and my friend tried to speak English. 5. Juan and Arturo play football every afternoon. (SS) 6. Juan and Maria went to the movies after they finished studying. (CS) 7. Some students like to study in the mornings. (SS) 8. The students are studying because they have a test tomorrow. (CS) 9. The teacher returned the homework after she noticed the error. (CS) 10.When he handed in his homework, he forgot to give the teacher the last page. (CS)
National Hsinchu University of Education Department of English Instruction
Task 3: adverb clause to phrase
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p. 347
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[Individual work] Read the sentences. Circle the subjects in both clauses and connected the circles. If the subjects refer to the same person or thing, shorten the sentence by reducing or changing the adverb clause to a phrase. If the subject are different, write cannot be shorten.
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People who were called by instructor write the assignment sentences on blackboard.
National Hsinchu University of Education Department of English Instruction
Adverb phrases 1. Some adverb clauses can be shorten to adverb phrase by reducing the clauses or changing them. 2. Negative adverb contain the work not or never before the participle. •
Before we danced, we did some wormup for preparation. —>Before dancing, we did some worm-up for preparation. (changed) National Hsinchu University of Education Department of English Instruction
Adverb phrases 1. Some adverb clauses can be shorten to adverb phrase by reducing the clauses or changing them. 2. Negative adverb contain the work not or never before the participle. •
We had a wonderful time while we were dancing. —>We had a wonderful time while dancing. (reduced) National Hsinchu University of Education Department of English Instruction
Steps of adverb clause to adverb/adverbial phrase
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Conditions: - adverb clause of time: after, before, since, and while (Keep the subordinator) - when —> Up/upon + V-ing… - adverb clause of reason: because, since, as…(Omit the subordinator)
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Steps: 1. Make sure both sentences refer to the same person or thing. 2. Omit subject pronoun 3. Change verb to its -ing form.
National Hsinchu University of Education Department of English Instruction
Things you should be noticed
1. You can only reduce an adverb clause to adverb phrase only if the subjects in both clauses of the sentences refer to the same person or thing. 2. Keep the subordinator for fear of confusing sentences. 3. A present perfect or past perfect verb in an adverb clause can be changed to: having + past participle in an adverbial phrase. (p. 345, Grammar Note 7)
National Hsinchu University of Education Department of English Instruction
Passive Voice
National Hsinchu University of Education Department of English Instruction
Task 4: Editing •
p. 244
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[Pair work] Read the student essay about the crop circle in Great Britain and elsewhere. There are nice mistakes in the use of the passive. The first one has already corrected, find the correct eight more.
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Discuss the mistakes and try to be able to explain the reason in your own words. National Hsinchu University of Education Department of English Instruction
Passive Voice 1. Passive voice and active voice 2. Formation of passive voice: be + past participle 3. Conditions of using passive voice 4. Structure: - direct use - use modals and modal-like auxiliary - form with get: get + past participle (informal) - have/get + object + past participle
National Hsinchu University of Education Department of English Instruction
Passive Voice
National Hsinchu University of Education Department of English Instruction
Passive Voice
National Hsinchu University of Education Department of English Instruction
Passive Voice
National Hsinchu University of Education Department of English Instruction
Passive Voice
National Hsinchu University of Education Department of English Instruction
Stative Passive •
Stative passive: the passive voice used to describe situations or states. - form: be + past participle served as adjective - Most do not have corresponding active sentence - Most do not contain a by phrase
The United States is composed of 50 states. National Hsinchu University of Education Department of English Instruction
National Hsinchu University of Education Department of English Instruction
Reporting opinions or ideas •
Form: It + be + past participle + that clause e.g. allege, assume, believe, claim, say, think… - only the verbs can be followed by a that clause
National Hsinchu University of Education Department of English Instruction
National Hsinchu University of Education Department of English Instruction
Task 5: Belief, thoughts, opinions •
pp. 258-259, Exercise 3
1. Complete the sentences with a present or past passive form of the verbs in parentheses(插⼊語). Add as or to as needed. 2. Rewrite sentences 2, 3, 5, 7, 9and 10 using passive sentences with it + be + past participle + that clause. National Hsinchu University of Education Department of English Instruction
Assignment 12/2 •
Text book: - Unit 20 Review (p. 357) - Unit 14 Review (p. 249) - Unit 15 Review (p. 265)
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See you next week!
Quiz: - adverbial phrase - passive voice National Hsinchu University of Education Department of English Instruction
