UNIVERSIDAD DE SAN S AN CARLOS DE GUATEMALA GUATEMALA –USAC-. CENTRO UNIVERSITARIO DEL SUR –CUNSUR-. CIENCIAS ECONÓMICAS PRÁCTICA INTEGRADA
ESTRUCTURA DEL PLAN DE INVESTIGACIÓN “MARCO TEÓRICO, DEFINICIÓN DEL PROBLEMA, HIPÓTESIS”
EQUIPO DE TRABAJO No. DOS
ESCUINTLA, ENERO DE 2017
REALIADO POR! INTEGRANTES DEL EQUIPO DE TRABAJO NO. 2 PRÁCTICA DE INTEGRACIÓN PRO"ESIONAL
COORDINADOR DE EQUIPO GRACIELA "ERNANDA CR# ME MELGAR
2 01 2 $0 $$ 7
INTEGRANTES ANA NOEM% ESCOBAR RUSTRIÁN
20 12 $ 0$ 1 &
ANCEL JOSUE ALVISURE ARANA
20 0& $0 2' 0
AS(L) ARACEL) ARACEL) LORENANA P*RE 2012$0+7 B)RON (IPOLITO COLAJ MORALES
200+$102
JOS* AL"REDO SANTA) ESTRADA
20 12 $0 7+ 7
ARLA MAR%A EUGENIA "LORES
2 010 $ & $
LUCI LUCIA A LU LU AND NDRE REA A DE LA ROSA ROSA LÓPE LÓPE
20 2012 12$1 $10+ 0+''
MAR%A EVEL) ARGUJO SANTOS
2 012 $ 0' & &
MIRSA IRSA LUCR LUCREC ECIA IA DE LA ROCA ROCA APE APETA
20 2007 07$2 $217 17&&
REALIADO POR! INTEGRANTES DEL EQUIPO DE TRABAJO NO. 2 PRÁCTICA DE INTEGRACIÓN PRO"ESIONAL
COORDINADOR DE EQUIPO GRACIELA "ERNANDA CR# ME MELGAR
2 01 2 $0 $$ 7
INTEGRANTES ANA NOEM% ESCOBAR RUSTRIÁN
20 12 $ 0$ 1 &
ANCEL JOSUE ALVISURE ARANA
20 0& $0 2' 0
AS(L) ARACEL) ARACEL) LORENANA P*RE 2012$0+7 B)RON (IPOLITO COLAJ MORALES
200+$102
JOS* AL"REDO SANTA) ESTRADA
20 12 $0 7+ 7
ARLA MAR%A EUGENIA "LORES
2 010 $ & $
LUCI LUCIA A LU LU AND NDRE REA A DE LA ROSA ROSA LÓPE LÓPE
20 2012 12$1 $10+ 0+''
MAR%A EVEL) ARGUJO SANTOS
2 012 $ 0' & &
MIRSA IRSA LUCR LUCREC ECIA IA DE LA ROCA ROCA APE APETA
20 2007 07$2 $217 17&&
3
ÍNDICE INTRODUCCIÓN
i
JUSTIFICACIÓN
ii
OBJETIVOS
iii CAPÍTULO I PLAN DE INVESTIGACIÓN
1.1
D/34
1
1.2
I56o8939
2
1.
E:8;38;9 = P=9 I>/:8?934
2
1.1.1
E:@;/59 ?//9= /3o5/<9
CAPÍTULO II CUERPO PRINCIPAL DEL PLAN DE INVESTIGACIÓN 1.$
E=/5/8o: D:/o T/43o
$
1.
P=98/95/8o = 6o=/59 9 >/:8?9
$
1.'
M93o T/43o
2.1.1
I56o8939 = 593o 8/43o
'
2.1.2
D/34
7
2.1.
"9=<9< = 593o 8/43o
7
2.1.$
";3o/: = 593o 8/43o
7
2.1.
N>/=/: = 593o 8/43o
+
2.1.'
E:8;38;934 o 3o:8;334 = 593o 8/43o
&
1.7
D/34 = 6o=/59
11
2.1.7
E:6/33934 = 6o=/59
12
4
2.1.+
D/=58934 = 6o=/59
12
2.1.&
T6o: 6o=/59:
1
2.1.10
";/8/: =o: 6o=/59:
1$
1.+
(648/::
1
2.1.11
I56o8939 =9 (648/::!
1+
2.1.12
T6o: (648/::!
1+
2.1.1
E:8;38;9: =9: (648/::
20
2.1.1$
C8/o: 699 :9/ 345o /=9o9 ;9 648/::.
21
CONCLUSIONES
23
RECOMENDACIONES
24
BIBLIOGRAFÍA
2
ANE!OS
2"
1
INTRODUCCIÓN E= P=9 I>/:8?934 /: ; 6o3/:o =/ 3/98>o. S /59?o, /:8o o :?39 @;/ 39/39 ::8/5983<9< o?9934. M;3o 5/o: : :/ 8989 =9 /8969 6=93934, =9 3;9= :/ 3o3/89 / /= 6o/38o >/:8?934. E /= 6/:/8/ 899Fo :/ 6o6o3o9 ; 69o959 ?//9= 93/39 >9o: 3o3/68o:, 3o/: 3=9:393o/: 3o8/</:8?934 /= 3;9= 3o::8/ / =9 6/>:4 =9: <:889: 938><9/:8?9/:8?934, <39: 938><9/ 699 :/ /F/3;89<9: 3o ;9 :/3;/39 =4?39 8/59<9 93;//:8?934 3/8H39.
E /= 396H8;=o I 6o =9 /3/:<9< /:89 938;9=9/:8?934 :/ / /= 5:5o, :; 56o8939, /:8;38;9 /= /:@;/59 /3o5/<9/:8?934 3o5o =o :o! E= 593o 8/43o, =9 34 = 6o=/59 =9 648/::. A5: 9=?;o: 3o3/68o: /==o: 699 ;9 5/Fo 3o56/:4, 9:H 895 :/ 93/ ; 9:: / =9 56o8939 @;/ 8// =9 648/:: / /= P=9 I>/:8?934, :/ 5;/:89 9=?;o: 38/o: @;/ /5o: :9/ 9= 5o5/8o /=9o9 ;9 648/::.
Po =85o, :/ o/3/ 3o3=;:o/:, /3o5/<93o/: =9 =o?9H9 >9<9: =9 >/:8?934 @;/ :/ /9=4.
2
JUSTIFICACIÓN S/ 3o:9 9 =9 >/:8?934 3;9/:9: /:898/?9: /95/89: o685934 @;/ 9;<9 9 ?9989 /= K8o / =9 >/:8?934 699 9=399 /= /o@;/ 9 3o8o 6=9o. Po =o 898o, :9/ /:89=/3/ ; 6=9 >/:8?934 o: 9;<9 9 /:8;38;9=o =9 59/9 <4/9, ?//9 //3o: :89 8/43o, ?//9 /=/K4 <:3;:4 898o 3o5o /= 3oo35/8o /K:8/8/ = /9 >/:8?9<9 9 @;/ 9=?;9 59/9 ; o89 :/ 3oo89 3o/: 3o5o /=9o9 /= 3;/6o 6369= =9 >/:8?934. E:89 >/:8?934 /:8 3/8>9/:8?934 699 ?//9 3oo35/8o >9=/:8?934 6/58 9 395o: 699 /=9o9 ; 6=9 >/:8?934 3o9=/ 3o3:o.
3
OBJETIVOS
GENERAL •
Coo3/ =9 3o/389 /:8;38;9 39<9 ;9 =9: 698/: = 3;/6o 6369= = P=9 I>/:8?934.
ESPECÍFICOS •
EK6=39 =9 o59 <4/9 /=9o934 = 593o 8/43o.
•
I<39 =9 56o8939 /<9389 3o/3895/8/ =o: oF/8>o: =9 >/:8?934
•
Mo:89 =o: 9:6/38o: /3/:9o: 9 8o59 / 3;/89 699 =9 /<9334 =9 648/::.
CAPÍTULO I PLAN DE INVESTIGACIÓN 3
D#$i%i&i'%
Co::8/ / =9 6/>:4 =9: <:889: 938><9/:8?9/:8?934. E= 6=9 >/:8?934 6/> =9 /9=934 8o<9: 39<9 ;9 =9: 938><9/:8?934 3/8H39, :/? ;9 :/3;/39 =4?39. To
2
@;/ :/ /:8?934, o o:898/, /:o o @;// 3 @;/ 6/<9 =9 56o8939 o
To/:8?934! o o:898/, /:o o @;// 3 @;/ 6/<9 56o8939 o /:8?934 /: ;9 /95/89 899Fo 699 >/:8?99=;9 =9 >/:8?934 :/? ;9 6o?95934 6//:89=/3<9. E= /3o 8// ; 6=9 >/:8?98>o 9:/?;9 /3/39, /:6o:9=<9< /3939. P/> =9 /9=934 8o<9: 39<9 ;9 =9: 938><9/:8?934 3/8H39, :/? ;9 :/3;/39 =4?39. Too:, =9: F;:83934/:, /= 593o 8/43o, =o: 58o9 3;9=898>9 =o: /3;:o: @;/ :/ /3/:9o:, 898o ;59o:, H:3o:, 598/9=/: 93/o:. Lo: /:;=89/:8?934, 6;/:, / :/ 3o5;39/:8?9/:8?934 59/9 93;9<9 9 o8o: >/:8?9/:8?934 699 6o 3o59 =o: /:;=89o: 9:6/38o: = / /:89=/3<9 89= /3/:<9<, =9 /=/K4 :?;/8/ ?9 / 8oo 9 =9 5o<9=<9< @;/ 9/:8?934. L9 /:6;/:89 9 /:89 3;/:84 6/ = 86o /3/68o/: 9 =o: @;/ :/ <?/ /= >/:8?9/:8?9
3
()3
I*+-./%&i/
L9 56o8939 = 6=9 >/:8?934 9<39 / @;/ 8/59 =o: oF/8>o: 9 /9=9, /:89=/3/ 6o3/<5/8o: =/95/8o:, /=9o9 3oo?959:, o/89 /=59 938><9/:8?934 /: 56o898/ 8/598/ 6o@;/! •
O/89 =9 >/:8?934 / /= :/8/:8?9
•
P/58/ <9 :/?;5/8o 3;56= 3o 8o<9: =9: /8969: =9 >/:8?934 3/8H39.
•
E=59 /:;/o: 938><9/:8?934.
•
E:89=/3/ 5/Fo /= 6o3/<5/8o 899Fo 699 o6859 /:;=89
•
Po?959 3o 89==/, =o: 8/56o: 9 ;8=9 / ; 3oo?959.
•
E>9=9 =o: oF/8>o:, =9 5/8o
•
E:89=/3/ =9 >9= = 86o >/:8?934 @;/ :/ ;8=9
•
EK6o/ 6o5;/>/ 9?;5/89 98/ =o: 698o39/:8?934 @;/ :/ 6o6o/ 699 :; 96o934 9395/8o.
()4
E0.-1&.1-/ # P/% # I%#0.i5/&i'%
No /K:8/ o59: H?<9: @;/ 3o<3o/ o =58/ =9 /:8;38;9 o59= @;/ / 6/:/89 /= 6=9 >/:8?934. E: 3o>//8/ 3o:9 =o: /=/5/8o: 5: ?//9=/: @;/ o / 9=89 / /= /:@;/59. 1.1.1 E061#*/ 5#%#-/ -#&*#%/ S/334 P/=59. C98;=9 (oF9 3o8/
4
C;/6o P369= E=/5/8o: <:/o 8/43o M93o T/43o D/34 = 6o=/59 (648/:: OF/8>o: =9 >/:8?934 J;:83934 =9 >/:8?934 E=/5/8o: 6o?95934 M8o
CAPÍTULO II CUERPO PRINCIPAL DEL PLAN DE INVESTIGACIÓN S/ o59 3;/6o 6369= ; 6=9 >/:8?934 9 =9 /K6o:34 6o5/o9<9 @;/ :/ 93/ 8o
E= 3;/6o 6369= :/ /=9o9 3o 9:/ 9 =9 9 =o: 6369=/: /=/5/8o: @;/ :/ 899F9o <;98/ =9 65/9 698/ = 6o3/:o >/:8?934.2 P99 :; /=9o934, /= 3;/6o 6369= /: :/699/:8?934, 699 /: ;/:8o /:8;<o >/:8?934 =o?39, 395/8/ :/ 8o59 / 3;/89
()
E#*#%.0 # Di0#7 T#'-i&
E: =9 9:/ / @;/ :/ /<9389 6;9 8o/:8?934 =o @;/ 3=;/ L9 :/=/334 = 8/59, /= 6=98/95/8o = 6o=/59 593o 8/43o, 34 = 6o=/59, oF/8>o:, 3o :;
()"
P/%.#/*i#%. # +-8#*/ / i%#0.i5/-
E= 6=98/95/8o = 6o=/59 9 >/:8?9 3o56/ >9o: 9:6/38o: o :4=o :; 34. E:8o: 9:6/38o: :o =9 34 6o695/8/ 89= = 6o=/59, =9 8/5934 = 593o 8/43o 3o /= 3;9= :/ /=93o9 /= 6o=/59 =9 648/:: o =9: 648/:: @;/ :/ o5;=/ 3o5o 8/898>9 :o=;34.
()9
M/-& T#'-i&
E= 593o 8/43o :/ 3=;/ 8o = 6=98/95/8o = 6o=/59 9 >/:8?9, 6o@;/ /= 6o=/59 o 6;/ 6=98/9:/ 3o3/895/8/ : o :/ /=93o9 3o /= ::8/59 3oo35/8o: 8/43o: /K:8/8/: 9, @;/ =9 8/oH9 o/89 9= >/:8?9
2 Piloña Ortiz, Gabriel Alf redo. Métodos y Técnicas de Investigación Documental y de Campo. "#inta Edición, 2002. Pág. 2$3.
$
E= 593o 8/43o, /: =9 8/oH9 o 8/oH9: 3/8H39: @;/ :>/ ;<95/8o, 593o o =H58/, 8o = 3;9= :/ /:8;<9 /:;/=>/ /= 6o=/59 8/=/38;9= = 3oo35/8o. L9 8/oH9 /: ; ::8/59 3oo35/8o: ?//9=99 / 9:/ 9 =9 /K6//39, 63839 93;5;=9<9, 3;9 >/93<9< 9 :: =9 938><9< 63839 ;599. E: 5; 56o898/ /3o<9 @;/, 699 /:3 ; 593o 8/43o, 6/>95/8/ 9 @;/ 9/ =/H9=9, 3o>9=<9 =9 648/:: = 899Fo >/:8?934. No /: /:3 6o /:3 =o 65/o @;/ 6o<;39 =9 5/8/. E: ; 6o3/:o >/:8?934 6/>o, :o/ =9 8/oH9 /K:8/8/. Co5o :/ 6o< <;3, /= 593o 8/43o o / /<;3:/ 9 6/:/89 o /K6o/ /K3=;:>95/8/ =o @;/ o8o: 9;8o/: 9 o69/:8?934, 3o::8/ / 9 9 ;<95/89 /= 6o/38o 3o 9:/ 9= 6=98/95/8o = 6o=/59 @;/ :/ 9 /9=9<9< = >/:8?9/ @;/ :/ 9 :/=/33o9/:8?934, /= :?;/8/ 69:o 3o::8/ / /9=9 ;9 />:4 =9 =8/98;9 :o/ /= 8/59. E:8o 3o::8/ / ;:39 =9: ;/8/: /:8?934 6=98/9
!
Po5o: =o 3o5o =o: 98/3/8/:, 9:6/38o: /=/>98/: >3;=98/: 3o /= /45/o ; oF/8o /:8;<o, 8/oH9:, >/:8?93o/: / o5/: 6/>o:. E: 8o<9 9@;/==9 o5934 @;/ o: :>/ ;<95/8o 9Fo =9 3;9= :/ 99=99, />:99, /:8;<99 /= 6o=/59. So =9: 8/oH9: 9 /K:8/8/:. E: /= 3oF;8o 3oo35/8o: /56H3o: 3/8H3o: @;/ 3o:88;/ =9 9:/ =9 >/:8?934, /: /= 969899 /K3=;:>9 @;/ <9 :;:8/8o 9 ; 8/59 >/:8?934. P;/ :/ 8o
A6o89 /= 593o ///39 3o3/68;9= /3/:9o 699 =589 /= 6o=/59, o5;=9 3o/:, ;<95/89 =9: 648/:: o =9: 9593o/: @;/ 5: 89 8/< @;/ >/39:/, / 8/6/89 =o: /:;=89
•
R/=93o9 /= 6o=/59 3o /= ::8/59 3/8H3o /K:8/8/.
•
S;:8/89 /= 6o=/59 3o =o: 38/o: :3o: /3/:9o:.
•
O/89 9= >/:8?9/:8?9=o.
2)()2 D#$i%i&i'% So =o: =H58/: 8/43o-3o3/68;9=/:, 6;8o: >:89 8/43o-3/8H3o: o 959 =9 3/39, @;/ :>/ ;<95/8o >9=<9 =9 39=<9< 3/8H39 = /:8;<o 98/:, <;98/ /:8?934. A=?;o: 9;8o/: =o / 3o5o /= 593o 8/6/898>o = 6o=/59 @;/ :/ >9 9 /:8;<9 8o = 3;9= :/ /3;/89 56=H389 =9 3o3/634 5/8o
'
>/:8?9
2)()3 Fi%/i/ # */-& .#'-i& E= 65o<9= = 593o 8/43o 3o::8/ / :;:8/89 =9 >/:8?934 :o/ ; ;<95/8o 8/43o-3o3/68;9= >=/:8?9/:8?934, /K?/ =9 /3o6=934 o9<9 /:6/39=9<9 8/oH9 >3;=98/ 93=89 =9 o5;=934 =9 648/:: :; o6/93o9=934. 2.1.$ F1%&i%#0 # */-& .#'-i& L9 8/oH9 3;56=/ /= 696/= ;<95/89= 698369 / =9 6o<;334 = ;/>o 3oo35/8o. L9 8/oH9 6/58/ o/89 898o =9 >/:8?934 /= /o@;/ /6:8/5o=4?3o @;/ :/ :;:8/89 3o5o =9 o5;=934 6/?;89:, :/9=9 =o: /3o: :?398>o: @;/ / <9?9:/. L9 8/oH9 /: ;<95/89= 6o@;/ <9 ; 593o ///39 699 8/6/89 =o: /:;=89/:8?934, 6;/: : 8/oH9 /: 56o:=/ /:8?934.
L9 8/oH9 6/58/ ?;9 9= >/:8?9934 = 6=98/95/8o o?9=. L9 8/oH9 93=89 /:89=/3/ 9593o/: @;/ 6o:8/o5/8/ :/ 9 :o5/8/ 9 =9 3o56o934 =9 /9=<9< / /= 899Fo 3956o, 6o3/:o @;/ 9;<9 / =9 :6934 ;/>9: =H/9: /9: >/:8?934. 4 Piloña Ortiz, Gabriel Alf redo. Métodos y Técnicas de Investigación Documental y de Campo. Octava Edición, 2014. Pág%. 1'4 & 1'.
(
O89: ;3o/: = 593o 8/43o •
A;<9 9 6/>/ /o/: @;/ 9 3o5/8
•
O/89 3o5o 9 /9=9:/ /= /:8;<o.
•
G;H9 9= >/:8?9
•
Do3;5/89 =9 /3/:<9< /9=9 /= /:8;<o.
•
E:89=/3/ o o =9 648/::
•
•
N;/>9: /9: >/:8?934. Po>// ; 593o ///39 699 8/6/89 =o: /:;=89
2.1. Ni##0 # */-& .#'-i& D/ 3oo5<9< 3o =o: >/:9/=/: = 593o 8/43o! •
N>/= 3/8H3o o 3oF;8o 8/oH9:, 398/?oH9:, 3o3/68o: =//:. S/ /K6/:9 9 89>: = 6/:95/8o 9:8938o :o =9: 9: 3/8H39: @;/ /:8?934, 9 698 =9 9334 /=/K>9 = 3oo35/8o, @;/ 3o56/ =9 39938/934 =o: 3o3/68o:, F;3o: 9o95/8o, 8o =9: <//8/: o59: = 6/:95/8o.
•
N>/= /56H3o. Co::8/ / =9 o5934 /56H39 /K:8/8/ / /6o8/: o o5/: o89: >/:8?93o/: /:89
•
N>/= /56H3o 659o. M9/F9 =9 o5934 o8/<9 </3895/8/ = /45/o ; oF/8o /:8;<o 9 89>: =9 /8/>:89 ; o:/>934. ";/8/: 6599:.
10
2.1.' E0.-1&.1-/&i'% &%0.-1&&i'% # */-& .#'-i& L9 3o:8;334 = 593o 8/43o :/ /// 9= 9=:: 8/oH9:, >/:8?93o/: 98/3/8/: / ?//9= @;/ :/ 3o:/ >=/:8?934. E =9 3o:8;334 = 593o 8/43o :/ / /=9o9 ; /:38o @;/ 8/?9 3o//39 8/9, :/3;/39= =4?39, ;8=99 9 =o: /: <9=/ :;:8/8o 9= 899Fo >/:8?934, 99=/: =o ///8/: /56H3o:, /= /o@;/ =9 >/:8?934, @;/ /:;=89/:8?93o/: :5=9/:, 89= 59/9 @;/ @;/ =/9 /= 593o 3o3/68;9= 6;/<9 8o<;3:/ / /= 6o=/59 >/:8?934 3o56/=o : <3;=89<. E: /= 6;8o 5: 3H83o / =9 3o:8;334 = 6o/38o >/:8?934, 9 @;/ 9@;H :/ /3;/89 /= ;<95/8o 3/8H3o = /:8;<o >/:8?934, 3;99=;9/:8?93;=9 =4?39 3o//8/5/8/ =o: 3oo35/8o:, 3o3/68o:, >99=/: 6o6o:3o/: /K:8/8/: @;/ :/ 89899 / =9 >/:8?934. Co:8; /= 593o 8/43o o :?39 :o=o /; o5934, :o 895 =?9=9 / 8//=93o9=9 3o//8/5/8/ / ; /:38o, 59/9 @;/ :>9 3o5o ;<95/8o, 3o5o :;:8/8o, @;/ /:69= /= 899Fo >/:8?934 9 /9=9 @;/ 6/589
11
M93o 3o3/68;9=. M93o 8/43o. M93o 5o?3o M93o ?/o?3o. M93o =/?9=. M93o :843o.
•
M93o 98/3/8/:! /: /= /:;5/ =o /:;=89/:8?9/:8?93o/: 9 /9=9<9: ///8/: 9 /=93o/: =9: >99=/: 6/</8/: 6/</8/: = /:8;<o. P;/ 3o5/89, / /:8/ 593o, =9: 9o/: :88;3o9=/: o 6o=H839: @;/ 6o639o =9 /9=934 = 6o/38o 93/ /= 3o5/89o 6/8/8/ :o/ : /= 8/59 ;/ 8o59/:8?934 9 /9=9<9 o 6o /9=9, o : :/ /6=39 ;9 9 /9=9<9.
•
M93o 3o3/68;9=! E: =9 /=9o934 3o3/68;9= = 6o=/59. E = 969/3/ =9: 3o/: =9: >99=/: 3o8/56=9<9: / /= 6o=/59 / =o: oF/8>o: >/:8?934, =o: 85o: 3=9>/: @;/ >9 9 :/ ;:9/:8?9/:8?9/:8?934.
•
M93o 8/43o! S/ / 99: 8/oH9: @;/ 6;/ <9 9:/ 8/439 9 =9 :o=;34 = 6o=/59 >/:8?934. E= 593o 8/43o :/ ;9
12
895 6;/ /:89 3o:88;/:8?9/3/: :/ ;8=9 /= 593o 8/43o 3o5o /= 593o ?//9= 8o
M93o 5o?3o! 3o8// =9: 39938/H:839: 5o?39: 6/8/8/: :o/ =9 6o=934 9 /:8;<9, /8/ /==9: :/Ko, /<9<, 6o3/39, /83. E:8/ 593o /: :3o / /= 39:o ; /:8;<o 3o 5;/:8/o.
•
M93o ?/o?3o! / 9=?;o: 39:o: /: 56o898/ 5939 =9 o9 ?/o?39
():
D#$i%i&i'% # +-8#*/
Lo: 6o=/59: :o 3o>//8/: o 9==9: @;/ :;?/ / <:88o: 3o8/K8o: @;/ /@;// ;9 :o=;34. P;/ /8/:/ @;/ ; 6o=/59 /: ;9 9/9 @;/ / :/ :o8/9<9 699 9=399 ; oF/8>o. P99 =9 6/>:4 =o: <//8/: 69:o: 9 :/?; / /= 6o3/:o =9 >/:8?934, :/ / 8// 6=/95/8/ 839/:8?934, ; 6o=/59 :?39 /:6/339=o =589=o 3o =9 59o 6/3:4 6o:=/, =o 3;9= / 89<;3:/ / =9 o5;=934 =4?39 = 5:5o / 85o: o59=/: /K6=H38o:.
13
2.1.7 E0+#&i$i&/&i'% # +-8#*/ L9 /:6/33934 = 6o=/59 3o::8/ / 8/59 3o 3=9<9< /K9388;< /= 8/59 =o: 6o:=/: :;8/59: @;/ 3o56/ /= /:8;<o, / /= /8/<9 59/9 @;/ =9: 8/o?98/: <@;/ =o: 9:6/38o: :;:8939=/: = 6o=/59 @;/ :/ /. E= 3o8/9 /= /:8?934 , / /:8/ :/8/:8?99: /:o=>/ /= 6o=/59 /;39/:8?934 /: /= 8/59 =9 =3;/39, o :/H9 :;3/8/ 3o /;39 =o: 56=/5/8/ 9:H! L9 =3;/39. E:8/ /: ; /;39:89 /9 o /9: 3oo35/8o / 8/59 /= 3938/ 5;=8<:36=9o =9 >/:8?934. 2.1.+ D#i*i./&i'% # +-8#*/ Po :; 698/, =9 =58934 = 6o=/59 3o::8/ / F9 =9 ;<9< 9=::, /= 6/Ho/:8?934. E =o /=98>o 9 =9: ;<9/:8?934 :/ 9 /:6/38o =o: =3;/8/:
14
L9 =58934 = 6/Ho/:8?934 :/ 9 /:6/38o =9 <39<9 / @;/ /= /45/o :/ 9 6/:/89939, /:8?934. E:8/ 9:6/38o :/ /3;/89 /=93o9
A=?;o: 9:6/38o: @;/ 9 @;/ 8o59 / 3;/89 9= /9=9 /= 6=98/95/8o = 6o=/59 o ; 8/59 9 >/:8?9 :o! •
S/9=9 =H58/: 8/43o: = 6o=/59 5/<98/ :; 3o3/68;9=934.
•
"F9 =H58/: 8/56o9=/: =9 >/:8?934.
•
E:89=/3/ =H58/: /:6939=/: =9 >/:8?934.
•
D/ =9: ;<9934.
•
S8;9 /= 6o=/59 :o39= / /= 3o8/K8o :o3o/3o453o, 6o=H83o, :843o /3o=4?3o /:6/38>o.
2.1.& Ti+0 # +-8#*/0 T/43o:. C;o 6o64:8o /: ?//9 ;/>o: 3oo35/8o:. P383o:. Co oF/8>o:
1
S <;<9 /K:8/ ; ?9 5/o 6o=/59: @;/ o: @;/89, 6/o @; =9 59o 698/ /==o: o /:8 9= 9=393/ 8o/:8?934 :o! •
EK6//39 / /= 8/59.
•
I56o8939 = 6o=/59.
•
Coo35/8o: 699 :; 59/Fo.
•
R/=/>939 3/8H39.
•
R/=/>939 ;599.
•
R/=/>939 3o8/56o/9.
•
S/9=9 59/:893o/: = 6o=/59. Co::8/ / 99=/: 3o5o 5H5o. A= 6/=9 /= 6o=/59, 9 =9 =; =o: ///8/: /56H3o:, /: 6o:=/ /=93o9 9= 5/o:
2.1.10 F1#%.#0 # 0 +-8#*/0 C;= /: /= o?/ = 6o=/59 Q; 8//:/: 6o/:o9=/: o 3/8H3o: 8// /= >/:8?9/:8?934 A= <9 /:6;/:89 9 =9: 8/o?98/: 98/o/:, :/ // @;/ =o: 6o=/59: >9 ! /= 95/8/, =9 39693<9< 9o9, =o: 8//:/: 6o/:o9=/: =o: 6o<;38o: =9 >/:8?934. Po=/59 >/:;: P/?;89.
1$
U 6o=/59 o /: ;9 6/?;89 >/:8?934, 9;@;/ 3o;<=o: /: ; /o 3o/8/ /8/ 8/::89: @;/ :/ 39. U 6o=/59 /: ;9 9:/, o934 o 6o6o:34 /K6/:9<9 / 85o: 6o:8>o:, ;39 / o59 6/?;89 o 8/o?934. E: 3= /8/ @;/ /8/ 9= 6o=/59 o /3o89 :; =6, 6o /F/56=o, ;o <3/ P//:8?934! S/
();
Hi+'.#0i0
E: ;9 6o6o:34 @;/ /:89=/3/ /=93o/:, /8/ =o: /3o: 699 o8o: /: ;9 6o:=/ :o=;34 9= 6o=/59 o8o: 5: :;:8/89 @;/ =9 648/:: o /: 5: o89 3o:9 @;/ ;9 /=934 /8/ =9: >99=/:, 6o =85o, 9 @;//: 959 @;/ /: ; 58o/:8?9
E =9 =o:oH9 =9 3/39, =9 648/:: /: ;9 o59 ;>/:9=
1!
/K:8/ ;9 :;6o:34 ;<95/89= @;/, 9:9<9 / 3oo35/8o: 3/8o:, <9 o?/ 9 o89: :;6o:3o/:, 3;9 9=<9< 6369=, /: /K6=39 =9 /9=<9< oF/8>9. D/ 93;/99: :;6o:3o/:, 95:, 6o 3oo35/8o: 3/8o: o <?o:, /56H3o: o 8/43o:, @;/ / :; /=934 o59 ; 8o/ /= 6o=/59 6=98/9
A 89>: =9 648/:: :/ 6/8/ /K6=39 /3o: @;/ =9: 8/oH9: /K:8/8/: :o 39693/: /K6=39. L9 o:/>934 /3o: @;/ 93/ 56o:=/ =9 /K6=3934 @;/ =9: ?//9=93o/: /K:8/8/: <9 9 /3o: =9 5:59 3=9:/, 93/ /3/:9o 6=98/9 ;/>9: /K6=393o/:, 9= 636o 9:9<9: / ; 5/o /<;3: = 3;9= :/ 6;9, :/ /3839, :/ 3o56=/89 ), 9= 9=, :/ 3o56;/9 3o5o >/<99, 39:o / /= 3;9= :/ 89:o59 / 8/oH9 3/8H39 o /, :/ :;:88;/ 6o ;9 ;/>9. Po o89 698/, ;9 648/:: 6;/ :/ 3o56o9<9 o 3o89<39 / :; 8/?<9< o 6;/ @;/<9 3o56o9<9 :4=o 6939=5/8/. E /:8/ =85o 39:o :/ 93/ /3/:9o 5o<39=9 / :;:
1'
9:6/38o: /;89o=>/ 9 :o5/8/=9 9= 6o3/:o 3o56o934. No o:898/, =o <3o, /= 6o3/:o 3o:8;334 =9 648/:: 3o56/ /. Lo: 58oo :; >/93<9< /: =9 63839.
So=95/8/ 9 89>: = /K6/5/8o 3/8H3o, = 899Fo, =9 938><9< 6o=H839
:o39= =o: o5/: =9: 5: 59/:893o/: =9 63839, :/ 6;/ 8// 3/8/9 =9 >/93<9< ;9 648/::. S /59?o, o :/56/ / 39<9 5o5/8o, 6;/ 3o56o9:/ =9: 648/:: </3895/8/ 3o =9 63839. "/3;/8/5/8/ =9 3o56o934 :/ 93/ / o59 </389 6o =o: /:;=89/:8?934, =9 648/:: :>/ 9= >/:8?98;< @;/ =9: 648/::, =o 5:5o @;/ =9: 8/oH9:, o /K:8/ 9:=9<9: /8/ :H, :o @;/ /:8 /=93o9<9: / ; 8/59
L9 648/:: 3/8H39, 699 :/ 89=, ;9 :56=/ :;6o:34, / /; =o: :?;/8/: /@;:8o:! •
No 9 9==9:/ / 3o89<334 3o =9 3o3/634 3/8H39 = 5;
•
No / :/ 9;8o 3o89<38o9
1(
•
D// /:89 ;<95/89<9 / 3oo35/8o: 3/8o:
•
D// :/ :;3/8/ 699 /K6=39 =o: /3o: @;/ 6/8/ 9939!
•
L9 /K6=3934 @;/ /==9 o/3/ / :/ =9 5/Fo /8/ =9: /K:8/8/: 699 3oo3/ /= /45/o o /45/o: 9 @;/ :/ ///
•
D// /:89 983;=9<9 3o /= ::8/59 3oo35/8o o 8/oH9: 3/8H39: /K:8/8/: / /=934 9 =o: /3o: o /45/o: @;/ :/ 898/ /K6=39!
•
D// 3o<;3 9 =9 6/>:4 =4?39 9=?;o: /3o: /9=/: @;/ 6/589 :; 3o56o934.
2.1.11 I*+-./%&i/ # / Hi+'.#0i0< L9: 648/:: :o /= 6;8o /=93/ /8/ =9 8/oH9 =9 o:/>934. S; 56o8939 9<39 / @;/ <9 ;5o 9 =9 >/:8?934 9= :;?/ =o: 69:o: 6o3/<5/8o: @;/ / <9:/ / =9 :@;/<9 = 3oo35/8o.
C;9/:8?934 9 :9 3=995/8/ =9 /=934 o >H3;=o /8/ 99=/:, /: 938=/ @;/ /= >/:8?9o, o 3oF;8o oF/8>o: @;/ /:8?934 S/=/33o9 /= 86o <:/o >/:8?934 938=/ 3o /= 6o=/59 6=98/9/:8?934 93o/, S/=/33o9 =o: /3;:o:, 898o ;59o: 3o5o 598/9=/:, @;/ :/ /56=/9 699 ==/>9 9 /= 85o =9 >/:8?934 6=98/9<9.
20
2.1.12 Ti+0 # Hi+'.#0i0< •
D/:368>9:! So 648/:: ;9 :o=9 >99=/ / =9 @;/ :/ 959 ; 8/59
EF/56=o! E= +W =9 6o=934 = /9 ;9= C/8o9539 /: 99=9/89. E= &0W =o: /?/:9/= /<;3934 6599 = /9 ;99, :?;/ ;9 39/9 9 >/= ;>/:89o E= 7W =o: ?;98/59=8/3o: 39/3/ 3oo35/8o, 3;=8;9 3o3/39 98H:839.
•
E:8999=/: / 9:o3934, o 5;/:89 /=934 39;:9= /8/ /==9:. E /:8/ 86o 648/:: =9: >99=/: 6=98/9<9: >9H9 / /=934 </389 o >/:95/8/ 6o6o3o9=. P;/ 3o59 o 9:o39 >99=/: 3;98898>9:! 9 59o, 59o 9 59o, 5/o 9 5/o, 59o , 9 5/o, 5/o.
EF/56=o! A 59o :898;: :o3o-/3o453o, 5/o H<3/ 99=9/8:5o C;98o 5: /K8/<9=o/: 3;=8;9=/: / :843o:, 59o /:6o:9=<9< 5o:89 /= ?;98/59=8/3o 699 3o:/>9=o:.
•
D/ 6/39 39;:9=! E:8/ 86o 648/:: :/ 39938/9 6o@;/ 99=/: 6/</8/: :o //38o 3o:/3;/39 o89: >99=/: ==959<9: 39;:9=/: @;/ :o =9: >99=/: 6/</8/:, 699 /:89=/3/ : /K:8/ o o /=934 6;/ 6=98/9:/ 6/?;89: 3o5o @;/ 6/ @;/X, o 3;9= /: =9 39;:9 @;/ 6o>o39 X
EF/56=o!
21
E= 99=9/8:5o 9 3o8;
N;=9! E: =9 @;/ /?9 =9 648/:: 9=8/98>9 :o:8//99=/:
EF/56=o No /K:8/ 9 / ? >/= /<;398>o = 69H:. L9: 395699: 6;=3899: o 3o8;/ 9 @;/ =9 6o=934 8o5/ 3o3/39 :;: >9=o/: 3;=8;9=/:.
•
A=8/9! E:89 648/:: 6o:// ;9 ;34 /@;>9=/8/ 9 =9 =9 ;=9, :o=o @;/ =9 9=8/98>9 :/ 6=98/9 o /;39 / o59 9598>9, /:89 /:, / =9 59oH9 =o: 39:o:, =9 648/:: ;<95/89= 3o5o 89=, /: =9 @;/ / 3o56o9:/.
EF/56=o L9 9;:/39 ; 3;:o o=?98oo :8o9 = 98/, / /= >/= /<;3934 659o, @;/ 6o5;/>9 /@;/39 /= 3oo35/8o =o: >9=o/: 3;=8;9=/: /K:8/8/: / =9 /6=39, 9 3o8;934 =o: 5o;5/8o: o9 H:39 = 98/ 3o=o9=.
2.1.1 E0.-1&.1-/0 # /0 Hi+'.#0i0 Too: =4?3o:. 9 U<9< A=::. So =o: :;F/8o: ; oF/8o: o59
22
/:89=/3/=o: /: /3o5/<9=/ 6/?;89 @;/:, :o/ @; o @;/:, 9 @;/ /:, 9/389, //39 o >o=;39 /= /:8;<o. V99=/:! So =o: 3o3/68o: @;/ >9H9 o @;/ 6;/ 3959:/ o 5o<39:/ / ;9 648/::. Lo: 3o3/68o: o 398/?oH9: 3;o 3o8/99 699 5: o 699 5/o:. So =o: @;/ 39=39 =9 9334 =9: ;<999=/: 6;/ :/! Po =o: /45/o: @;/ 839 6;/ :/! C;98898>9:! =9: @;/ 9<58/ /:39=9 ;539 /F/56=o /:898;9, /<9<, /9 ?/o?39, ?9o, /83. C;9=898>9:! L9: @;/ o 9<58/ >9=o934 ;539 /F/56=o, /:6/8o, 3oo35/8o, F;:839, /<;3934, /83. V99=/ I6/</8/! E: =9 @;/ 8/59, 3o<3o9 o /K6=39 ;9 :8;934 /:6/3H39 =9 @;/ /: /:6o:9=/. No 6/ o89, /: /= 98/3/8/ =9 :8;934 o /45/o @;/ /K6=39. V99=/ D/6/</8/! E: =9 @;/ /:8 8/59<9, /K6=39<9 o 3o<3o9<9 6o =9 98/o, /: =9 3o:/3;/8/, /: /= //38o. M;/:89 =9 3o<34 9 =9 @;/ 9 :99=/ V99=/ I8/>/8/! E: ; 86o >99=/ @;/ /=93o9 ;9 >99=/ 6/</8/ 3o o89 6/</8/
3 Co/38>o: L4?3o:! =o 3oo59 8o99=/: ;<9
23
2.1.1$ C-i.#-i0 +/-/ 0/8#- &'* #/8-/- 1%/ =i+'.#0i0. To<9 648/:: >/:8?934 / :/ >/39=/ /:89/39=/ /:8999=/: / :/ 5/<=/:. To<9 648/:: <39 =9 /=934 /8/ >99=/:. E:8o 56=39 ;/>95/8/ @;/ =9: >99=/: / :/ 5/<=/:. To<9 648/:: / 8// :;: =H58/:. S/ / /:3o?/ >99=/: :/3==9: >9=<9, /:3o?// 9 /=9o9. To<9 648/:: / /:89 o5;=9<9 / 85o: :/3==o:. E: 3 @;/ / ;:9 69=99: :/3==9:, 3=/: 3o56/. E= >/:8?9/:8?934 9; 9 ?;9 /= 899Fo >/:8?98>o. S =9 /K6/:4 o 9:/>/934 @;/ :/ /<938/ o 3;56=/ 3o /:8o: /@;:8o:, o :/ 648/::, :o @;/ :/ ; :;6;/:8o. U /=/5/8o <:6/:9=/ 699 :9/ 345o /=9o9 ;9 648/:: :/3==9 6/o 3= 3o56o9, /: /= 3oo35/8o @;/ 8// /= >/:8?9
24
CONCLUSIONES S/ 8/54 @;/ /= 6=9 >/:8?934 3o::8/ / =9 6/>:4 =9: <:889: 938><9/:8?9/:8?934, <39: 938><9/:/ 699 :/ /F/3;89<9: 3o ;9 :/3;/39 =4?39 8/59<9 93;//:8?934.
S/ 3o3=;4 @;/ /= 593o 8/43o 34 = 6o=/59 6o:// ;9 ?9 56o8939 699 =9 >/:8?934, 9 @;/ /:8o: 3o:88;/ /= ;5o o /= 395o @;/ 8o599 =9 >/:8?934, ;9 o5;=934 /9<9 =o: 5:5o: o: 3o<;3H9 /5/<9=/5/8/ 9= 939:o.
S/ 3o3/89 @;/ ;9 648/:: /:89=/3/ 3o 6/3:4 @; /: =o @;/ :/ >/:8?99, 6o o8o =9/:8?934 /: =o @;/ :/ 6/8/ 5o:89. No 9:89 3o 6=98/9 =o @;/ :/ >9 >/:8?9. E: /3/:9o, 95:, <39 @;/ :/ 6/8/ 5o:89 / 9@;/==o @;/ >95o: 9 >/:8?9. E:8o <39 @;/ /= >/:8?9/8/:.
2
RECOMENDACIONES
•
S/ /3o5/<9 9 =o: /:8;<98/: =9: 39/9: =9: 3/39: /3o4539:, /= /:8;<o 3o:898/ =9: T339: >/:8?934, <3o /:8;<o =/: 6/58 /=9o9 ;9 o59 3/8H39 =o: <//8/: 899Fo: >/:8?934 @;/ :o /@;/
•
To59 / 3;/89 =o: 9:6/38o: :/9=9
•
To59 / 3;/89 =o: 6;8o:, 9:6/38o: ;/8/: 9 ;8=9, / =9 3o/389 /=9o934 = 6=98/95/8o = 6o=/59 9 @;/ :o :;59 56o8939 699 9=399 /= K8o 8o<9 >/:8?934.
•
A =o: /:8?934 699 @;/ /<938/ 3o/3895/8/ /=/5/8o: 6369=/: @;/ =o 3o56o/.
2$
BIBLIOGRAFÍA
A?;=9 C989=, Jo: A8oo. M8o/:8?934 = D9?4:83o So3o/3o453o 69;89: 699 /=
B/9= To/:, C:9 A;?;:8o. 200' M/8o/:8?934 699 A<5:8934, E3oo5H9, (;59<9
(/, S956/ Ro/8o. 201$ M/8o/:8?934. S/K89 /<34. E<8o9= M3 G9Y-(==.
No59: A69 9 3/?? :/>3/ 201-2017 No59: APA =o: 38/o: 699 /:3 3o 6/3:4 3=9<9<, G;98/59=9, /3;6/9
P=o9 O8, G9/= A=//:8?934 Do3;5/89= C956o. O389>9 /<34.
2!
ANE!OS
2'
UNIVERSIDAD DE SAN CARLOS DE GUATEMALA-USACCENTRO UNIVERSITARIO DEL SUR-CUNSUR CARRERAS DE CIENCIAS ECONÓMICAS PRACTICA INTEGRADA
CUESTIONARIO SOBRE LA PRIMERA FASE DEL PLAN DE INVESTIGACIÓN 1. Q; /: /= 6=9 I>/:8?934 E: ;9 /95/89 899Fo 699 >/:8?99=;9 =9 >/:8?934 :/? ;9 6o?95934 6//:89=/3<9. 2. A @;/ :/ o59 3;/6o 6369= = P=9 I>/:8?934 A =9 /K6o:34 8o/:8?934 S/334 P/=59, C;/6o P369= S/334 R///39:. $. E: =9 9:/ / @;/ :/ /<9389 6;9 8o/:8?934 E=/5/8o: D:/o T/43o. . M/3o/ =9 9=<9< 65o<9= = 593o 8/43o! Co::8/ / :;:8/89 =9 >/:8?934 :o/ ; ;<95/8o 8/43o-3o3/68;9= >=/:8?934 T/43o:, 6383o: T/43o 6383o:. 7. Q; :o =9 648/:: So 6o6o:3o/: @;/ /:89=/3/ /=93o/:, /8/ =o: /3o: 699 o8o: /: ;9 6o:=/ :o=;34 9= 6o=/59. +. C;= /: =9 56o8939 =9: (648/:: So /= 6;8o /=93/ /8/ =9 8/oH9 =9 o:/>934. S; 56o8939 9<39 / @;/ <9 ;5o 9 =9 >/:8?934 9= :;?/ =o: 69:o: 6o3/<5/8o:. &. M/3o/ =o: 86o: 648/:: D/:368>9: E:89