DAMPAK LINGKUNGAN PENEMPATAN TAILING DI DASAR LAUT OLEH PT NEWMONT NUSA TENGGARA
Disusun Oleh: ATIYYA INAYATILLAH NIM 3107120119
1
Titles you can't find anywhere else
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Titles you can't find anywhere else
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Titles you can't find anywhere else
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Titles you can't find anywhere else
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Titles you can't find anywhere else
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Titles you can't find anywhere else
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Titles you can't find anywhere else
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
KATA PENGANTAR
Pertama-tama kami panjatkan puji dan syukur kepada Allah SWT atas rahmat-Nya sehingga kami dapat menyelesaikan tugas Mata Kuliah Pengantar Amda ini dengan lancar dan tepat waktu. Shalawat juga kami ucapkan kepada teladan kita Muhammad SAW. Dengan selesainya tugas ini penulis berharap pemahaman terhadap materi Pengantar Amdal semakin kuat karena harus melakukan studi kasus da analisis berdasarkan teori yang sudah dipelajari. Pada kesempatan ini, penyusun mengucapkan terima kasih kepada semua pihak yang telah membantu dalam selesainya tugas ini.
Depok, April 2010
Penulis
Titles you can't find anywhere else
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Titles you can't find anywhere else
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Titles you can't find anywhere else
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Titles you can't find anywhere else
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Titles you can't find anywhere else
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Titles you can't find anywhere else
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
DAFTAR ISI
Kata Pengantar ………………………………...…………………………………. i Daftar Isi ……………………………...…………………………………………. ii Daftar Gambar ……………………………...…………………...…...…………. iii BAB I PENDAHULUAN ……………………………………………………….. 1 1.1 Latar Belakang ………………………………………………………. 1 1.2 Batasan Masalah ……………………………………………………... 2 1.3 Tujuan ………………………………………………….……………. 3 BAB II TINAJAUAN PUSTAKA ………………………………………………. 4 2.1 Tailing …………………………………………………….…………. 4 2.2 Proses Terbentuknya Tailing …………………………………...……. 4 2.3 Baku Mutu Tailing di Indonesia …………………………….………. 6 BAB III TINJAUAN TENTANG METODE PENEMPATAN TAILIING DI PT NEWMONT NUSA TENGGARA …………………………………...…………. 8 3.1 Amdal Penempatan Tailing PT P T NNT ………………………..………. ………………………..………. 8 3.2 Metode Penempatan Tailing PT NNT ………………………...……. ………………………...……. 10 3.3 Sekilas Tentang Konstruksi dan Monitoring Infrastruktur Tailing PT NNT …………………………..…………………………………… 13 BAB IV DAMPAK LINGKUNGAN PEMBUANGAN TAILIING DI DASAR LAUT OLEH PT NEWMONT NUSA T TENGGARA ENGGARA …………………….…… …………………….…… 16 4.1 Kandungan Kimia Tailing PT NNT …………………..……………. 16 4.2 Perubahan Ekosistem Pesisir Laut Akibat Tailing …………………. 20 4.3 Manajemen Penyebaran dan Tumpahan Tailing ……...……………. 21 BAB V SIMPULAN DAN SARAN ………………………………...…………. 24 5.1 Simpulan ………………………………………………...…………. 24
Titles you can't find anywhere else
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Titles you can't find anywhere else
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Titles you can't find anywhere else
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Titles you can't find anywhere else
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Titles you can't find anywhere else
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Titles you can't find anywhere else
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar 2.1 Alur Produksi PT NNT ……………...…………………..………… 5 Gambar 2.2 Lokasi produksi dan penempatan tailing ……………...……...…… 6
…………………….. 11 Gambar 3.1 Lokasi Penempatan tailing di Teluk Senunu …………………….. Gambar 3.2 Skema Penempatan tailing di Teluk Senunu …………….………. 12 Gambar 3.3 Kedalaman serta jarak penempatan tailing di dasar laut ……..….. ……..….. 12 Gambar 3.4 Pipa onshore tailing PT NNT ……………...…………………..… 14
Se nunu ……….. 15 Gambar 3.5 Konstruksi pipa tailing PT NNT di pantai Teluk Senunu Gambar 3.6 Monitoring pipa offshore dengan ROV ………………..………… 15 Gambar 4.1 Hasil uji endapan atau sedimentasi yang ada di bawah teluk Senunu
dan di luar teluk Senunu ……………...…………….....………… 16 Gambar 4.2 Perbandingan kandungan logam tailing sesuai baku mutu
KEPMENLH
24/2002,
KEPMENLH
85/2005,
KEPMENLH
236/2007 dan kandungan logam yang dihasilkan dari pembuangan limbah tailing PT. NNT ……………...…………………..……… 19 Gambar 4.3 Uji toksisitas pada anakan ikan kakap merah dan kerapu macan ... 20 2
Gambar 4.4 Jumlah species setiap 10 cm air laut di Teluk Senunu ………..... 21 Gambar 4.5 Persebaran tailing di dasar laut pantai selatan Sumbawa ……..…. 22 Gambar 4.6 Persebaran tailing di dasar laut pantai selatan Sumbawa hasil riset
Lembaga Pengkajian Oceanography LIPI ……………...……….. ……………...……….. 23
Titles you can't find anywhere else
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Titles you can't find anywhere else
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Titles you can't find anywhere else
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Titles you can't find anywhere else
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Titles you can't find anywhere else
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Titles you can't find anywhere else
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
BAB I PENDAHULUAN
1.1 Latar Belakang
Kritik dan kasus terhadap pembuangan limbah tambang ( tailing) ke sungai dan badan air lainnya, menyebabkan perusahaan pertambangan mengalihkan teknik pembuangannya ke laut (dinamakan metode Sub-marine Tailing Disposal/STD). Selain dianggap dianggap dapat menyembunyikan menyembunyikan dampak yang yang terjadi, ternyata metode pembuangan tailing ke laut ini jauh lebih murah dari segi biaya. Perusahaan yang menerapkam metode STD mempromosikan bahwa metode ini adalah metode yang aman dengan asumsi bahwa di laut terdapat lap isan termoklin yang dapat menahan tailing agar tetap mengendap dan tidak naik ke permukaan dan mengontaminasi ikan. Limbah tailing sudah jamak diketahui mengandung berbagai material beracun yang berasal dari reaksi oksidasi batuan dan bahan kimia yang digunakan dalam proses pemisahan bijih. Pembuangan tailing ke laut akan menyebabkan terjadinya sedimentasi dari endapan tailing dan pen yebaran tailing ke wilayah laut yang lebih luas. Semua dampak ini akan semakin mengancam dan memusnahkan kekayaan keragaman hayati laut, mengganggu kesehatan (beberapa limbah logam berat terakumulasi dalam rantai makanan), dan semakin memiskinkan masyarakat pesisir dan pulau-pulau kecil yang sangat tergantung pada laut. Salah satu contoh masalah yang timbul akibat STD menimpa PT Newmont Minahasa Raya (PT NMR), salah satu perusahaan pertambangan yang beroperasi
Titles you can't find anywhere else
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Titles you can't find anywhere else
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Titles you can't find anywhere else
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Titles you can't find anywhere else
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Titles you can't find anywhere else
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Titles you can't find anywhere else
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
PT Newmont Nusa Tenggara (PT NNT) yang masih satu induk dengan PT NMR dan merupakan kontraktor bagi Pemerintah Indonesia di Batu Hijau, NTB, telah menerapkan STD sejak awal beroperasi pada 1999. Amdal untuk proyek Batu
Hijau
telah
disetujui
oleh
pemerintah
Indonesia
melalui
(KEP-
41/MENLH/10/1996). Izin operasional tailing pertama PT NNT diterbitkan pada tahun 2002 dan berlaku hingga tiga tahun kemudian. Dalam masa izin tersebut dilakukan pemantauan oleh Pemerintah Indonesia dan lembaga penelitian internasional yang independen terhadap terhadap kinerja Sistem Penempatan Tailing di Dasar Laut. 2004. Pada 2005 PT NNT mendapatkan perpanjangan izin STD hingga 2007. Pada 2006 terjadi kebocoran pipa tailing sehingga operasinal STD dialihkan melaui pipa cadangan. Berbagai LSM, pemerintah, hingga masyaratakat luas mengecam kebocoran tersebut dan secara umum menuntut agar izin operasional STD PT NNT dicabut atau tidak diperpanjang. Makalah ini akan membahas tentang perencanaan dan implementasi tailing di PT NNT setelah diberikan perpanjangan izin oleh pemerintah Indonesia pada 2007 melalui KepMenLH236/2007 yang berlaku selama empat tahun setelah itu dan disesuaikan dengan studi amdal sebelum proyek Batu Hijau dilaksanakan serta baku mutu tailing yang ditetapkan oleh pemerintah.
1.2 Batasan Masalah
Makalah ini dibatasi hanya pada publikasi manajemen STD yang dikeluarkan oleh PT NNT dan hasil riset Lembaga Pengkajian Oceanography LIPI, CSIRO-Australia, Pusat Pengkajian Sumber Daya Pesisir dan Lautan IPB, LAPI ITB, dan konsultan Enesar-Australia tentang penempatan tailing di dasar laut oleh PT NNT.
Titles you can't find anywhere else
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Titles you can't find anywhere else
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Titles you can't find anywhere else
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Titles you can't find anywhere else
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Titles you can't find anywhere else
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Titles you can't find anywhere else
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Titles you can't find anywhere else
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
1.3 Tujuan
Secara umum tujuan dari makalah ini adalah untuk memenuhi tugas mata kuliah amdal yang diberikan oleh pengajar pada semester VI. Secara khusus tujuan makalah ini sebagai berikut. a. Untuk mempelajari metode penempatan tailing di dasar laut oleh PT NNT sesuai dengan pengetatan persyaratan dan sistem pengawasan sesuai syarat perpanjangan izin pada 2007 dan disesuaikan dengan studi amdal sebelum proyek Batu Hijau dilaksanakan serta baku mutu tailing yang ditetapkan oleh pemerintah. b. Untuk mengetahui implementasi penempatan tailing di dasar laut oleh PT NNT sesuai dengan pengetatan persyaratan dan sistem pengawasan sesuai syarat perpanjangan izin pada 2007 dan disesuaikan dengan studi amdal sebelum proyek Batu Hijau dilaksanakan serta baku mutu tailing yang ditetapkan oleh pemerintah. c. Untuk mempelajari isu tentang tuntutan dari LSM, pakar, hingga masyarakat umum agar izin operasional STD PT NNT dicabut atau tidak diperpanjang d. Untuk memberikan pengetahuan kepada penulis dan mahasiswa tentang underwater construction.
Titles you can't find anywhere else
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Titles you can't find anywhere else
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Titles you can't find anywhere else
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Titles you can't find anywhere else
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Titles you can't find anywhere else
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Titles you can't find anywhere else
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA
2.1 Tailing Tailing yang berasal dari pabrik pengolahan bijih tembaga-emas PT NNT
adalah sisa batuan yang telah digiling/digerus d igiling/digerus halus, setelah mineral berharga yang mengandung nilai ekonomi di dalamnya diambil. Tailing memiliki sifat atau karakteristik yang sama seperti halnya pasir yang banyak ditemukan di pulau Sumbawa. Hasil uji to ksisitas ksisitas telah t elah membuktikan bahwa tailing tidak menunjukkan adanya unsur/elemen beracun yang signifikan untuk digolongkan bahan berbahaya b erbahaya..
2.1.2 Proses Terbentuknya Tailing
Batuan hasil galian yang disebut bijih dan berasal dari kegiatan penambangan PT NNT mengandung mineral tembaga. Seperjuta bagian dari bijih tersebut mengandung mineral emas dan perak. Mineral-mineral berharga tersebut diproleh melalui suatu proses pengolahan di dalam pabrik pengolahan yang disebut dengan ”konsentrator”. Untuk mengekstraksi mineral, konsentrator menerapkan prosedur fisika dan
Titles you can't find anywhere else
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Titles you can't find anywhere else
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Titles you can't find anywhere else
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Titles you can't find anywhere else
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Titles you can't find anywhere else
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Titles you can't find anywhere else
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
ada di dalam SAG Mill menggerus bijih sampai ukurannya mengecil, tidak lebih besar dari butiran pasir. Sirkuit grinding mencampur partikel bijih halus tersebut dengan air sehingga menjadi slurry atau lumpur yang kemudian dipompakan ke tangki flotasi/pengapungan. Di bagian flotasi ini reagen organik dalam jumlah yang sangat kecil ditambahkan bersamakapur ke dalam slurry untuk membantu proses pemisahan mineral berharga. Reagen secara selektif bereaksi dengan permukaan mineral berharga sehingga menjadikannya bersifat menolak air ( hydrophoic). Mineral ini mengandung tembaga, emas dan perak yang kemudian melekat pada gelembung udara yang terbentuk di bagian flotasi dan selanjutnya gelembung udara tersebut bergerak dari dasar tangki ke bagian atas tangki flotasi. Mineral ini kemudian diambil sebagai konsentrat. Konsentrat inilah yang selanjutnya dikapalkan dan diangkut ke sejumlah smelter (pabrik peleburan) di berbagai penjuru dunia. Di tempat ini konsentrat dilebur dan diolah lagi untuk memperoleh mineral dalam bentuk murni. Partikel halus seperti pasir bercampur air yang tersisa di dalam tangki flotasi setelah mineral berharga tersebut diambil itulah yang disebut tailing. Secara teori tailing sudah tidak mengandung mineral berharga lagi dan tidak ada konsentrasi bahan kimia berbahaya yang dapat mengganggu lingkungan.
Titles you can't find anywhere else
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Titles you can't find anywhere else
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Titles you can't find anywhere else
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Titles you can't find anywhere else
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Titles you can't find anywhere else
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Titles you can't find anywhere else
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Gambar 2.2 Lokasi produksi dan penempatan tailing
2.3 Baku Mutu Tailing di Indonesia
PT Newmont Nusa Tenggara (NNT) adalah kontraktor bagi Pemerintah Indonesia. Kesepakatan tertulis yang dibuat oleh dan antara PT NNT dengan Pemerintah Indonesia disebut dengan Kontrak Karya (KK). Kesepakatan ini
Titles you can't find anywhere else
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Titles you can't find anywhere else
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Titles you can't find anywhere else
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Titles you can't find anywhere else
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Titles you can't find anywhere else
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Titles you can't find anywhere else
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Dalam KepMenLH238/2007 juga diatur tentang pengetatan persyaratan dan sistem pengawasan melalui kewajiban tambahan yang harus dipenuhi oleh PT NNT dalam pengelolaan tailing yang dihasilkan. Pengetatan persyaratan dan sistem pengawasan adalah sebagai berikut: a. Pengurangan jumlah tailing yang dapat ditempatkan ke hulu Ngarai Laut Senunu melalui sistem Submarine Tailing Placement (STP) sebesar 8.000.000 metrik ton kering per tahun. Pada izin sebelumnya PT. NNT diperbolehkan untuk menempatkan tailing ke Dasar Laut sebesar 58.400.000 metrik ton kering per tahun, di dalam izin yang baru PT. NNT hanya diperbolehkan menempatkan tailing di dasar laut sebesar 50.400.000 metrik ton kering per tahun. b. Untuk meminimalkan dampak pembuangan tailing terhadap lingkungan, PT. NNT wajib melakukan upaya-upaya dan kajian untuk pengelolaan tailing secara keseluruhan, diantaranya mendorong penerapan 3R (Reduce, Reuse, dan Recycling). c. Jangka waktu berlaku izin diperketat dari tiga tahun menjadi dua tahun. Perketatan jangka waktu pemberlakuan izin ini untuk memudahkan kajiulang terhadap kinerja pengelolaan tailing dan penaatan izin yang diberikan kepada PT. NNT secara keseluruhan. Juga untuk melakukan kajian-kajian sebagaimana sebagaimana tersebut pada butir b di atas. d.
KLH akan membentuk tim pemantau independen untuk melakukan
Titles you can't find anywhere else
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Titles you can't find anywhere else
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Titles you can't find anywhere else
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Titles you can't find anywhere else
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Titles you can't find anywhere else
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Titles you can't find anywhere else
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Titles you can't find anywhere else
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
BAB III TINJAUAN TENTANG METODE PENEMPATAN TAILIING DI PT NEWMONT NUSA TENGGARA
3.1 Amdal Penempatan Tailing PT NNT
Pemerintah Indonesia dan PT NNT bersama-sama menetapkan sistem Penempatan Tailing di Dasar Laut sebagai sistem pilihan pada saat melalukan Analisis Mengenai Dampak Lingkungan Proyek Batu Hijau. Analisis Mengenai Dampak Lingkungan sebagai bagian dari studi kelayakan yang menganalisis secara terperinci pilihan alternatif pengelolaan lingkungan untuk dikembangkan di Batu Hijau diselesaikan pada 1996, sebelum tahap konstruksi dimulai. amdal ini
Titles you can't find anywhere else
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Titles you can't find anywhere else
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Titles you can't find anywhere else
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Titles you can't find anywhere else
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Titles you can't find anywhere else
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Titles you can't find anywhere else
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
a. besarnya jumlah penduduk yang akan terkena dampak rencana usaha dan/ kegiatan; b. luas wilayah penyebaran dampak; c. intensitas dan lamanya dampak d ampak berlangsung; d. banyaknya komponen lingkungan hidup lain yang akan terkena dampak; e. sifat kumulatif dampak; f.
berbalik atau tidak berbaliknya dampak; dan/atau;
g. kriteria lain sesuai dengan perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi. Berdasarkan kriteria di atas penempatan tailing di dasar laut oleh PT NNT termasuk dalam usaha dan/atau kegiatan yang wajib memilik amda karena: a. jumlah penduduk yang terkena dampak cukup banyak, di sepnjang pesisir Subawa bagian selatan dan barat, selat Alas, hingga pesisir timur dan tenggara Pulau Lombok; b. Luas wilayah penyebaran dampak sangat luas dengan cakupan sama
Titles you can't find anywhere else
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Titles you can't find anywhere else
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Titles you can't find anywhere else
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Titles you can't find anywhere else
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Titles you can't find anywhere else
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Titles you can't find anywhere else
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
di daerah pantai termasuk menurunnya produktivitas kawasan yang dapat menimbulkan dampak sosial, ekonomi, dan kesehatan terhadap nelayan dan masyarakat sekitar.
3.2 Metode Penempatan Tailing PT NNT
Pada 2003, PT NNT melakukan penelitian laut dalam bersama P2)-LIPI dalam upaya mendapatkan informasi oseanografi dan lingkungan laut. Informasi ini digunakan untuk mevalidasi model konseptual Sistem Penempatan Tailing di Dasar Laut, dan juga untuk mengidentifikasi dampak yang mungkin timbul dan tidak pernah diprediksi sebelumnya. Dalam penelitian gabungan ini juga, pemahaman yang lebih baik tentang potensi dampak tailing terhadap kondisi lingkungan laut dalam dapat diketahui. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa tailing mengalir dari mulut pipa tailing ke
Titles you can't find anywhere else
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Titles you can't find anywhere else
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Titles you can't find anywhere else
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Titles you can't find anywhere else
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Titles you can't find anywhere else
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Titles you can't find anywhere else
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
c. Tantangan pengelolaan air di dalam dam p enampung tailing yang dibangun di daerah yang rawan gempa bumi dapat mengancam keselamatan masyarakat yang tinggal di sekitarnya. d. Tailing yang ditempatkan di bawah zona photic laut yang produktif akan meminimalkan dampak terhadap lingkungan. Faktor-faktor tersebut diklaim menjadikan sistem Penempatan Tailing di Dasar Laut lebih aman dan merupakan sistem pengelolaan tailing yang lebih bertanggung jawab te rhadap lingkungan. Tailing mengalir secara gravitasi sebagai slurry (campuran air dan sisa
gilingan batuan) melalui pipa dari pabrik pengolahan bijih menuju ke tepi Ngarai Laut Senunu. Ujung pipa ini berada lebih dari 100 meter di bawah permukaan laut berjarak 3,2 kilometer dari tepi pantai. Berat jenis lumpur tailing lebih berat dari pada air laut, sehingga tailing akan tenggelam dan mengalir menuruni dinding curam Ngarai Laut Senunu layaknya sungai bawah laut.
Titles you can't find anywhere else
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Titles you can't find anywhere else
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Titles you can't find anywhere else
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Titles you can't find anywhere else
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Titles you can't find anywhere else
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Titles you can't find anywhere else
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Gambar 3.2 Skema Penempatan tailing di Teluk Senunu
Menurut Amdal, pembuangan tailing seharusnya di bawah 100 sampai 300 meter di permukaan laut atau di bawah lapisan termoklin atau batas kehidupan di
Titles you can't find anywhere else
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Titles you can't find anywhere else
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Titles you can't find anywhere else
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Titles you can't find anywhere else
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Titles you can't find anywhere else
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Titles you can't find anywhere else
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Titles you can't find anywhere else
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
3.3 Sekilas Tentang Konstruksi dan Monitoring Infrastruktur Tailing PT NNT
Penempatan Tailing di Dasar Laut Proyek tambang Batu Hijau PT NNT menerapkan Sistem Penempatan Tailing di Dasar Laut yang telah dirancang bangun dan dikelola serta dipantau secara berkesinamb be rkesinambungan. ungan. Pada 2006 terjadi kebocoran pipa tailing sehingga operasinal STD dialihkan melaui pipa cadangan. Perbaikan pada pipa utama dimulai sejak 2007.
Titles you can't find anywhere else
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Titles you can't find anywhere else
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Titles you can't find anywhere else
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Titles you can't find anywhere else
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Titles you can't find anywhere else
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Titles you can't find anywhere else
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Titles you can't find anywhere else
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Titles you can't find anywhere else
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Titles you can't find anywhere else
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Titles you can't find anywhere else
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Titles you can't find anywhere else
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Titles you can't find anywhere else
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Gambar 3.5 Konstruksi pipa tailing PT NNT di pantai Teluk Senunu
Titles you can't find anywhere else
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Titles you can't find anywhere else
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Titles you can't find anywhere else
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Titles you can't find anywhere else
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Titles you can't find anywhere else
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Titles you can't find anywhere else
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
BAB IV DAMPAK LINGKUNGAN PEMBUANGAN TAILIING DI DASAR LAUT OLEH PT NEWMONT NUSA TENGGARA
4.1 Kandungan Kimia Tailing PT NNT
Penelitian laboratorium independen yang mendapatkan sertifikasi dari
Titles you can't find anywhere else
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Titles you can't find anywhere else
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Titles you can't find anywhere else
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Titles you can't find anywhere else
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Titles you can't find anywhere else
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Titles you can't find anywhere else
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Uji Toksisitas Tailing Uji biota terhadap tailing PT NNT juga dilakukan untuk meneliti adanya kemungkinan sifat racun terhadap biota laut. Pengujian ini dilakukan Pusa Penelitian Oceanologi-Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia (P2O-LIPI) dengan menerapkan metode baku yang telah diakui secara internasional. Uji toksisitas akut dilakukan selama 96 jam (LC50) pada anakan ikan kakap merah dan kerapu macam. Uji toksisitas kronis (IC50) juga dilakukan pada plankton (marine diatom). Semua pengujian tersebut dilakukan pada tailing dengan
Titles you can't find anywhere else
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Titles you can't find anywhere else
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Titles you can't find anywhere else
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Titles you can't find anywhere else
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Titles you can't find anywhere else
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Titles you can't find anywhere else
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Titles you can't find anywhere else
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Titles you can't find anywhere else
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Titles you can't find anywhere else
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Titles you can't find anywhere else
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Titles you can't find anywhere else
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Titles you can't find anywhere else
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Titles you can't find anywhere else
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Titles you can't find anywhere else
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Titles you can't find anywhere else
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Titles you can't find anywhere else
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Titles you can't find anywhere else
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Titles you can't find anywhere else
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Titles you can't find anywhere else
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Kandungan logam terlarut dalam air laut di sekitar daerah mulut penempatan tailing yang secara konsisten berada jauh di bawah baku mutu
Titles you can't find anywhere else
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Titles you can't find anywhere else
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Titles you can't find anywhere else
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Titles you can't find anywhere else
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Titles you can't find anywhere else
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Titles you can't find anywhere else
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Titles you can't find anywhere else
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Titles you can't find anywhere else
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Titles you can't find anywhere else
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Titles you can't find anywhere else
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Titles you can't find anywhere else
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Titles you can't find anywhere else
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Penelitian tersebut secara keseluruhan menemukan bahwa bahwa tailing tidak menyebar ke bagian pesisir dari Ngarai Senunu atau mengarah ke Selat Alas,
Titles you can't find anywhere else
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Titles you can't find anywhere else
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Titles you can't find anywhere else
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Titles you can't find anywhere else
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Titles you can't find anywhere else
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Titles you can't find anywhere else
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Titles you can't find anywhere else
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Titles you can't find anywhere else
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Titles you can't find anywhere else
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Titles you can't find anywhere else
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Titles you can't find anywhere else
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Titles you can't find anywhere else
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Titles you can't find anywhere else
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Titles you can't find anywhere else
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Titles you can't find anywhere else
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Titles you can't find anywhere else
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Titles you can't find anywhere else
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Titles you can't find anywhere else
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Titles you can't find anywhere else
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Titles you can't find anywhere else
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Titles you can't find anywhere else
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Titles you can't find anywhere else
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Titles you can't find anywhere else
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Titles you can't find anywhere else
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Titles you can't find anywhere else
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.