W@YACA W@YAC A X`rmse`p X`rmse`p Fut`kftb`c Fut`kftb`c Wjaec`n`hy Wjaec`n`hy A`., Ntg.
Lbfdjchqb.xtdIe`tkfbn.a`k Lbfdjchqb .xtdIe`tkfbn.a`k
AX79 Kbnnbch fcg Jchrfvbch ACA Qystjk
Djnbabf Djnbabf Lbf W@YACA Fut`kftb`c Wjaec`n`hy A`., Ntg. lbfdjchqb.xtdIe`tkfbn.a`k lbfdjchqb.xtdIe`tkfbn.a`k Xeftsfpp<+5461566487698 Qmypj< djnbabflbf62546??2
W@YACA W@YAC A X`rmse`p X`rmse`p Fut`kftb`c Wjaec`n`hy A`., A`., Ntg.
Lbfdjchqb.xtdIe`tkfbn.a`k Lbfdjchq b.xtdIe`tkfbn.a`k
W@YACA W@YAC A X`rmse`p X`rmse`p Fut`kftb`c Fut`kftb`c Wjaec`n`hy Wjaec`n`hy A`., Ntg.
Lbfdjchqb.xtdIe`tkfbn.a`k Lbfdjchqb .xtdIe`tkfbn.a`k
Ojd`rj Ojd`rj usbch usbch tebs tebs a`ctr` a`ctr`nn systjk systjk,, pnjfsj pnjfsj rjfg tebs tebs kfcufn kfcufn afrjdu afrjdunny nny fcg tejc afrry afrry `ut tej rjnjvf rjnjvfct ct `pjrft `pjrftb`c b`c.. Ynjfsj Ynjfsj aejam bd tej wbrbch bs a`rrja a`rrjatt ojd`rj ojd`rj p`wjrb p`wjrbch ch `c! Webs Webs kfcufn kfcufn gjsarb gjsarbojs ojs tej `pjrftb`c `d tebs pr`guat fs kuae fs p`ssbonj. E`wjvjr, bt bs c`t p`ssbonj t` jxpnfbc fnn tej pjrkbttjg fcg c`c-pjrkbt c`c-pjrkbttjg tjg `pjrft `pjrftb`c b`cs. s. Wejrjd` Wejrjd`rj, rj, bc `rgjr `rgjr t` jcsurj jcsurj tej c`rkfn c`rkfn usj `d tej pr`gua pr`guatt fcg tej jqubpkjct, `pjrftb`cs c`t stftjg bc tebs kfcufn bs a`csbgjrjg c`t pjrkbttjg. X`rmbch jcvbr`ckjct fcg pr`tjatb`c< Wej w`rmbch jcvbr`ckjct `d tej a`ctr`n systjk bs -69 gjhrjj-:9 gjhrjj, wejc tej tjkpjrfturj jxajjgs tebs systjk, tej systjk kfy oj w`rmbch foc`rkfnny `r jvjc arfse. Xejc tej tjkpjrfturj bs t`` n`w, tej NAG gbspnfy wbnn fppjfr foc`rkfnny. _jnftbvj eukbgbty se`ung oj a`ctr`nnjg ft 9-5:%. Bc tej ebhe tjkpjrfturj, ebhe eukbgbty, a`rr`sbvj hfs jcvbr`ckjct, y`u kust tfmj spjabfn pr`tjatbvj kjfsurjs. Ynjfsj prjvjct gust, kjtfn gust fcg `tejr gjorbs bct` tej a`ctr`n systjk. Ynjfsj pr`tjat tej NAG sarjjc (drfhbnj)< t` stfy fwfy dr`k sefrp `oljats= prjvjct `oljats bc tej fbr t` ebt tej sarjjc= wejc tej sarjjc cjjgs t` oj anjfcjg `d gust, hjctny wbpj usbch s`dt pfpjr t`wjns `r a`tt`c . Qystjk `pjrftb`c< `pjrftb`c< Zsj tej dbchjr ojnny t` prjss f outt`c, outt`c, g` c`t prjss tej outt`c wbte f cfbn, `tejrwbsj bt wbnn afusj gfkfhj t` tej outt`c kfsm, fcg fddjat y`ur usj. @pjrft`rs we` `pjrftj d`r tej dbrst tbkj se`ung se`ung ucgjrst ucgjrstfcg fcg tej a`rrjat a`rrjat usj `d tej a`rrjs a`rrjsp`c p`cgbc gbch h ducatb ducatb`c `c ojd`rj ojd`rj h` bct` bct` `pjrft `pjrftb`c b`c.. D`r ucdfkb ucdfkbnbf nbfrr ducatb` ducatb`cs cs `r pfrfkjt pfrfkjtjrs jrs,, bt bs strbat strbatny ny d`robggj d`robggjc c t` `pjrft `pjrftj. j.
G` c`t aefchj aefchj tej systjk systjk
pfrfkjtjrs ft wbnn. D`r tej `pjrftb`cfn pr`onjks, pnjfsj a`ctfat lbfdjchqb.xtdIe`tkfbn.a`k. Qystjk Xfrrfcty< 65 k`ctes, kfc kfgj gfkfhjs frj c`t bcanugjg. Wej d`nn`wbch a`cgbtb`cs frj c`t a`vjrjg oy tej wfrrfcty< Dfbnurjs afusjg oy c`t d`nn`wbch tej bcstruatb`c Ofg wbrbch Gfkfhj afusjg oy cfturfn gbsfstjrs fcg `tejr rjfs`cs= 7.
Zcfute`rbzj Zcfute`rbzjg g rjk`vfn, rjk`vfn, k`gbdbaftb` k`gbdbaftb`c c fcg rjpfbr. rjpfbr.
`tejr kfttjrs< bd tej systjk g`js c`t kftae tej kfcufn, tej systjk s`dtwfrj ducatb`c sefnn prjvfbn. Aefchjs Aefchjs `d ducatb`cs ducatb`cs `r bkpr`vjkjcts bkpr`vjkjcts (uphrfgjs) (uphrfgjs) bc a`ctr`n a`ctr`n systjk systjk frj suoljat t` aefchj aefchj wbte`ut c`tbaj. Aefptjr @cj Bctr`guatb`c 6. Qystjk Bctr`guatb`c AX79 jchrfvbch fcg kbnnbch ACA systjk supp`rts o`rbch, grbnnbch, kbnnbch fcg ebhe-spjjg jchrfvbch. Zsbch 1?-obt ebhe-pjrd`rkfcaj kbar`pr`ajss`rs, tej usj `d rjfn-tbkj kuntb-tfsm a`ctr`n tjaec`n`hy fcg efrgwf efrgwfrj rj bctjrp` bctjrp`nft nftb`c b`c tjaec` tjaec`n`h n`hy, y, dunn dunn nbcmfh nbcmfhj, j, tej usj `d d`rwfrgd`rwfrg-n`` n``mbc mbch h skfnn skfnn nbcj nbcj fnh`rb fnh`rbtek tek,, 9.996kk bctjrp`nftb`c faaurfay, tej kfxbkuk spjjg `d 6? k / kbc. ACA systjk efrgwfrj fcg s`dtwfrj djfturjs<
☊ Ofsjg `c 1?-obt kbar`pr`ajss`r, dunn nbcmfhj, 9.996kk bctjrp`nftb`c faaurfay, tej kfxbkuk spjjg `d 6? k / kbc.
☊ 1.:-bcae 1.:-bcae a`n`r wbgj sarjjc NAG, rjs`nutb`c 759*1?9, 759*1?9, Xbcg`ws bctjrdfaj stynj. Jqubppjg Jqubppjg wbte dbvj s`dt ducatb`c outt`cs, jfsy t` njfrc. njfrc. Yr`vbgj Yr`vbgj pfrfkjtjr pfrfkjtjr anfssbdbaftb`c, anfssbdbaftb`c, fnfrk n`h, systjk gbfhc`stbas gbfhc`stbas fcg `tejr rbae gbspnfy bctjrdfaj, jfsy gjouhhbch fcg kfbctjcfcaj.
☊ Bctjrcftb`cfn stfcgfrg H bcstruatb`c, a`kpftbonj wbte DFCZA systjk bcstruatb`cs.
W@YACA W@YAC A X`rmse`p X`rmse`p Fut`kftb`c Wjaec`n`hy A`., A`., Ntg.
Lbfdjchqb.xtdIe`tkfbn.a`k Lbfdjchq b.xtdIe`tkfbn.a`k
W@YACA W@YAC A X`rmse`p X`rmse`p Fut`kftb`c Fut`kftb`c Wjaec`n`hy Wjaec`n`hy A`., Ntg.
Lbfdjchqb.xtdIe`tkfbn.a`k Lbfdjchqb .xtdIe`tkfbn.a`k
☊ H a`gjs t` supp`rt tej grbnnbch ayanj. ☊ Qupp`rt tjfae-bc ducatb`c. ☊ Qupp`rt t``n sjttbch gjvbaj. ☊ Qupp`rt a`cgbtb`cfn bcput. ☊
Qupp`rt Qupp`rt pr`hrfk pr`hrfk dunn-s dunn-sarj arjjc jc jgbtbc jgbtbch, h, oubnt-b oubnt-bc c ?:4K ?:4K kfssbv kfssbvjj pr`hrfk pr`hrfk spfaj, spfaj, afc st`rj st`rj C pfrts pfrts
pr`hrfk.
☊ ZQO bctjrdfaj, bctjrdfaj, supp`rt Z gbsm dbnj rjfgbch rjfgbch fcg wrbtbch, wrbtbch, gftf ofamup ofamup fcg Z gbsm gbrjat pr`ajssbch pr`ajssbch (GCA).
☊ ?7 bcput (jxpfcgfonj (jxpfcgfonj t` 24) p`bcts, p`bcts, ?7 `utput `utput (jxpfcgfonj (jxpfcgfonj t` 24) p`bcts (aust`k), (aust`k), dnjxbonj fcg a`cvjcbjct.
☊ Aebcjsj / Jchnbse `pjrftb`c bctjrdfaj, a`kpnjtj ejnp bcd`rkftb`c, `pjrftb`c k`rj a`cvjcbjct. ☊ Zsbch fgvfcajg skfnn nbcj fnh`rbtek, pr`ajssbch sk``teny. ☊ Qupp`rt tej rfpbg `pjrftb`c `d tej spjabdbjg n`aftb`c `pjrftb`c, supp`rt kuntb-a``rgbcftjs systjk (p`wjr-g`wc fut`kftbafnny sfvjg).
☊ Qupp`rt sfvbch `d tej orjfm p`bct ducatb`c (bc `pjrftb`c, prjss tej pfusj outt`c t` fut`kftbafnny sfvj `r p`wjr `dd t` sfvj fut`kftbafnny).
☊ Qupp`rt kuntbnjvjn `pjrftb`c fute`rbty, a`cvjcbjct jqubpkjct kfcfhjkjct, wbte tbkj nbkbt systjk n`am ducatb`c.
☊ supp`rt ZH, Kfstjrafk, Y`wjrKbnn, DjfturjAFK, FrtAFK, LGYfbct, Xjctfb fcg `tejr tebrg-pfrty s`dtwfrj H a`gj dbnjs. ?. Ducatb`cs Bctr`guatb`c Ofsba Ducatb`cs A`ctr `ctr`n `n cuk cukojr ojr `d fxjs fxjs
1 t` 7 fxjs fxjs (U, (U, R, \, F)
Cukojr `d nbcmfhj fxjs
Dunn nbcmfhj
Fcfn`h spbcgnj
6
Qpbcgnj kfhcbdbaftb`c
69% t` 6:9%
Kbc Kbcbkuk bkuk
bcst bcstru ruat atb` b`c c
ucbt cbt
9.99 9.996 6 kk
Kfxbku Kfxbkuk k
a`kkfc a`kkfcg g
vfnuj vfnuj
¶ 222222 22222222 22 Ø kbcbku kbcbkuk k bcstru bcstruatb atb`c `c ucbt ucbt
Dfstjst djjg rftj
6?999 kk / kbc
_fpbg djjg `vjrrbgj
D9, ?:%, :9%, 699%
Auttbch djjg rftj
6?999 kk / kbc
Djjg rftj `vjrrbgj
69% t` 6:9%
Jnjatr`cba hjfr rftb`
6 ~ 4::1:< 6 ~ 4::1:
Fut` Fut`k kftba ftba
faa faajnj jnjrft rftb`c b`c
fcgRjs
gjajnjrftb`c Y`sbtb`cbch
H99 (nbcjfr bctjrp`nftb`c)
Bctj Bctjrp rp`n `nft ftb` b`c c
Qtrf Qtrfbh bhe et nbc nbcj (H96 (H96), ), fra fra (H9? (H9? / H91 / H6?), 6?), ejnb ejnbx x bctj bctjrp rp`n `nfftb`c tb`c
_jtu _jturc rc t` rjdj rjdjrj rjca cajj p`bc p`bctt
Fut` Fut`kf kftb tbaa rjtu rjturc rc rjdj rjdjrj rjca cajj p`bct p`bct (H?5 (H?5))
NAG
1.: bcae WDW NAG sarjjc wbte rjs`nutb`c 759U1?9
KGB s`dtwfrj outt`c
Dbvj
Qbchnj djjg
U6, x69, x699
A`kk A`kkuc ucba baft ftb` b`c c Bctj Bctjrd rdfa fajj
Z gbsm gbsm bctj bctjrd rdfa fajj
Jxtjrc Jxtjrcfn fn efcg efcg wejjn wejjn bctjrdf bctjrdfaj aj
Rjs
B / @ bctjrdfaj
?7/?7 (jxpfcgfonj t` 24/24)
Yfusj (s)
Rjs
Vufsb-st`p stftj
Rjs
W@YACA W@YAC A X`rmse`p X`rmse`p Fut`kftb`c Wjaec`n`hy A`., A`., Ntg.
Lbfdjchqb.xtdIe`tkfbn.a`k Lbfdjchq b.xtdIe`tkfbn.a`k
W@YACA W@YAC A X`rmse`p X`rmse`p Fut`kftb`c Fut`kftb`c Wjaec`n`hy Wjaec`n`hy A`., Ntg.
Vufsb-st`p
Rjs
Qt`rfhj trbp aejam
Rjs
KGB `pjrftb`c
Rjs, supp`rt kuntb-sjhkjct `pjrftb`c
_jsjt
Rjs
Aejam `dd swbtae
Rjs
Qbchnj ruc
Rjs
Yr` Yr`hrfk rfk
pr`t pr`tja jatb tb`c `c swbt swbtaae
Lbfdjchqb.xtdIe`tkfbn.a`k Lbfdjchqb .xtdIe`tkfbn.a`k
Rjs Rjs
Qjnd-gbfhc` hc`stba ducat catb`c
Rjs
Jkjrhjcay st`p p`wjr suppny
Rjs Qbchnj pefsj FA??9T + 69% -6:%, :9Ez ¶ 6Ez. GA?7T / 6F
A``rg ``rgbc bcfftj Qyst Qystjjk
Kfae Kfaebc bcjj a``rg ``rgbc bcft ftjj syst systjjk (H:1 (H:1), ), w`rmp `rmpbj bjaj aj a``rg ``rgbc bcft ftjj syst systjjk (H:?), a``rgbcftj pnfcj gjsbhcftb`c
Fut` Fut`kf kftb tbaa
a``rg a``rgbc bcft ftjj
systj systjk kRjs Rjs
Gjabkfn p`bct bcput
Rjs
Fuxb Fuxbnb nbfr fry y duca ducatb tb`c `c
K a`gj `gj aust`k st`k gjd gjdbcjg bcjg,, kfcuf cufn / KGB KGB / fut` fut`k kftba ftba k`gj `gj a`c a`ctr`n tr`n s bcgnj bcgnj d`rwfrg d`rwfrg rjvjrs rjvjrsjj st`
a`ctr`n a`ctr`n a``nfc a``nfctt stfr stfrtt fcg fcg st` .
Qpbcgnj
Qpbcgnj Ducatb`c
Fcfn`h Qpbcgnj 9-69v
Jgbt
Jgbt ducatb`c
Yfrfkjtjr,
Qt`rfhj
?:4K
Cukojr `d st`rjg pr`hrfks pr `hrfks
C
gbfhc`stba
obt-wbsj
bcput,
pr`hrfk
jgbtbch,
KGB
Wej gbspnfy `d tej pr`hrfk cfkj cfkj Aebcjsj, Jchnbse, cukojrs, cukojrs, a`kobcftb`cs N``m up d`r pr`hrfk nbcj
Rjs
Qmbp Qmbp `ptb `ptb`c `cfn fn pr`h pr`hrf rfk k nbcj nbcjss
Rjs Rjs
Yr`hrfk swbtae
Rjs
Gbspnfy
gbspnfy
Aebcjsj/ Jchnbse
Yr`ajssbch Yr`ajssbch tbkj, cukojr cukojr `d pfrtsRjs pfrtsRjs Qpbcgn Qpbcgnjj spjjg, spjjg, K / Q a`kkfc a`kkfcg g
Rjs
Aefptjr Ww` @pjrftb`c 6. Yjrkbssb`c Njvjn Wej ACA usj ebjrfraebafn ebjrfraebafn pjrkbssb`cs pjrkbssb`cs struaturj, vfrb`us vfrb`us typjs `d pjrkbssb`cs pjrkbssb`cs frj rjqubrjg rjqubrjg d`r gbddjrjct gbddjrjct usjr hr`ups. Xejrj Anfss O bs tej kfaebcj kfcudfaturjr's fute`rbty, fcg tej kfaebcj usjr's pjrkbssb`c aftjh`ry bs Anfss A fcg D, fcg tej pjrkbssb`cs frj gjsarbojg fs d`nn`ws< @pjrftb`c
Yjrkbssb`c @tejr A`cgbtb`cs Yfrfk Yfrfkjt jtjr jr k`gb k`gbdba dbaft ftb` b`c c Yfrf Yfrfkj kjtj tjrr
Gftf
rjst` rjst`rj rj (sys (systj tjk k Yfrf Yfrfkj kjtj tjrr
Yr`hrfks
ofam ofamup up
A
Jgbt Jgbt k`gj k`gj,, st`p st`p stft stftus us,, pfrf pfrfkj kjtj tjrr swbta swbtae e `pjc `pjc
fcg fcgA
Jgbt Jgbt k`gj k`gj,, st`p st`p stft stftus us,, pfrf pfrfkj kjtj tjrr swbt swbtae ae `pjc `pjc
bctj bctjrc rcfn fn
ofam ofamup up
fcg fcgA
Jgbt Jgbt k`gj k`gj,, st`p st`p stft stftus us,, pfrf pfrfkj kjtj tjrr swbt swbtae ae `pjc `pjc
rja`vjry (Z gbsm ofamup) @pjc D
Jgbt k`gj `r fut`kftba k`gj, st`p stftj
Arjf rjftj, tj, jgbt jgbt,, gjnj gjnjtj tj
A
Jgbt Jgbt k`gj k`gj,, st`p st`p stft stftjj, pr`h pr`hrf rfk k swbt swbtae ae `pj `pjc
Yr` Yr`hrfk rfk bkp`rt
A
Jgbt k`gj, st`p stftj, pr`hrfk swbta btae `pj `pjc
W@YACA W@YAC A X`rmse`p X`rmse`p Fut`kftb`c Wjaec`n`hy A`., A`., Ntg.
Lbfdjchqb.xtdIe`tkfbn.a`k Lbfdjchq b.xtdIe`tkfbn.a`k
W@YACA W@YAC A X`rmse`p X`rmse`p Fut`kftb`c Fut`kftb`c Wjaec`n`hy Wjaec`n`hy A`., Ntg.
Yr`hrfk jxp`rt Wej Wej
systj stjk
A n`am
Lbfdjchqb.xtdIe`tkfbn.a`k Lbfdjchqb .xtdIe`tkfbn.a`k
Jgbt k`gj, st`p stftj, pr`hrfk swbtae `pjc
tbkj
sjtt sjttbc bch h fcg fcg systj systjk k n`am n`am O Qystjk
ducatb`c turcbch `c O`` O``t pbat pbatu urj n`fg n`fgbc bch h
O
?. Outt`cs Outt`cs
Wej uppjr pfrt frj tej aefrfatjr cukojr jgbtbch outt`cs.Wej n`wjr pfrt bs jgbtbch fcg fxbs outt`c outt`cs. s. Bc tej tej jgbt jgbtbch bch,, rja`rg rja`rgbch bch,, efcg efcg wejj wejjnn k`gj, k`gj, fxbs sjnjatb` sjnjatb`c c outt` outt`c c bs bcvfnbg. Bc e`kj rjturcbch, sbchnj efcg wejjn fcg kfcufn k`gj, jgbtbch outt`cs frj bcvfnbg. ?.6 Jgbtbch Outt`cs Outt`cs
Ducatb`cs
_jsj _jsjtt outt outt`c `c
ACA ACA rjs rjsjt jt,, tej tej pr`h pr`hrf rfk k jcg jcgss pr` pr`aj ajss ssbc bch, h, afca afcajn jn tej tej fnf fnfrk rk,, tjr tjrkb kbcf cftj tj tej bcput fcg `utput.
Ofa Ofamspf mspfaaj
outt outt`c `c
/ Gjnjtj tej aefrfatjr ojebcg `r bc dr`ct `d tej aurs`r, usj sebdt outt`c t`
gjnjtj outt`c
ae``sj.
Bcsjrt / K`gbdy K`gbdy outt`c outt`c Zsj Qebdt t` ae``sj ae``sj bcsjrt bcsjrt `r k`gbdy. k`gbdy. JQA JQA outt outt`c `c
Afca Afcajn jn bcpu bcputt fcg fcg an`s an`sjj tej tej gbfn gbfn`h `huj uj o`x, o`x, h` ofam ofam t` pr`hr pr`hrfk fk bctj bctjrdf rdfaj aj..
Jct Jctjr outt`c
A`cd `cdbrk bc bcput fcg fcg an` an`sj tej tej gbf gbfn`huj o`x o`x, h` of ofam t` pr` pr`h hrfk bctjrdfaj. Fcg Yr`hrfk jcgbch kfrm fcg cjw nbcj ducatb`c.
Qebdt
Wurc `c `r `dd Qebdt ducatb`c.
\ fxbs fxbs t``n t``n outt`c outt`c
\ fxbs fxbs t``n t``n sjttbc sjttbch h bc kfcufn kfcufn a`cgbt a`cgbtb`c b`c..
Ofam Ofam t` tej tej rjdj rjdjrj rjca cajj Fxbs h` ofam t` rjdjrjcaj p`bct kfcufnny, \ fxbs rjturc t` sfdj ejbhet. p`bct
Bd z fxbs bs ebhejr tefc sfdj ejbhet, URF rjturc t` rjdjrjcaj p`bct dbrst, tejc tejc z fxbs rjturc rjturc t` sfdj sfdj ejbhet ejbhet.. Bd z fxbs bs n`wjr n`wjr tefc tefc sfdj ejbhet ejbhet,,
z
fxbs rjturc t` sfdj ejbhet dbrst, tejc URF rjturc t` rjdjrjcaj p`bct, . Qjt tej rjdjrjcaj p`bct Qjt tej rjdjrjcaj rjdjrjcaj p`bct `d `cj `r fnn `d tej fxbs. Yfhj Yfhj up/ up/ pfhj pfhj g`wc g`wc
Bc jgbt `r bcpu bcputt k`gj k`gj,, jfae jfae prjss prjss wbnn wbnn turc up `r g`wc g`wc tjc tjc pr`h pr`hrf rfk k nbcjs. (Qefrjg wbte tej fxbs ducatb`c outt`cs, bc tej jgbtbch fcg bcput k`gj, bt bs pfhj up fcg pfhj g`wc, bc `tejr k`gjs tejy frj tej fxbs sjnjatb`c outt`cs)
U+ U-
Zp
fcg
\+ \-
aurs`r
g`wc
Aefrfa Aefrfatjr tjr outt`c outt`c
tej K`vj tej aurs`r t` tej up, g`wc, rbhet fcg njdt.
Aefrfa Aefrfatjr tjr bcput bcput outt outt`cs `cs.. Yrjss Yrjss Qebdt Qebdt t` t` fatb fatbvft vftjj tej tej sja`c sja`cg g ducat ducatb`cs b`cs.. Wej cukojr outt`cs afc a`ctr`n tej B@ gbrjatny bc kfcufn k`gj.
?.?Ducatb`c Outt`cs W@YACA W@YAC A X`rmse`p X`rmse`p Fut`kftb`c Wjaec`n`hy A`., A`., Ntg.
Lbfdjchqb.xtdIe`tkfbn.a`k Lbfdjchq b.xtdIe`tkfbn.a`k
W@YACA W@YAC A X`rmse`p X`rmse`p Fut`kftb`c Fut`kftb`c Wjaec`n`hy Wjaec`n`hy A`., Ntg.
Lbfdjchqb.xtdIe`tkfbn.a`k Lbfdjchqb .xtdIe`tkfbn.a`k
Outt`cs
Ducatb`cs
Jgbt Jgbt
Jgbt Jgbtbc bch h K`gj K`gj,, prjs prjsss fhfb fhfbc c bct` bct` tjfa tjfae e bc k`gj k`gj,, tej tej nbhe nbhett dnfs dnfsej ejs. s.
Fut`
Fut` k`gj
KGB
KGB k`gj
E`kj
_jturc t` E`kj p`sbtb`c
Qbc Qbchnj hnj
stjp stjp `r Qbchnj stjp `r efcg wejjn k`gj
efcg wejjn Kfcufn
Kfcufn k`gj
Ducatb`c Qwbtae Ducatb`c pfhj swbtae Qbchnj Qbchnj Nbcj Nbcj
Bc fut` fut` k`gj, k`gj, tej tej swbtae swbtae d`r ruccbc ruccbch h nbcj nbcj oy oy nbcj nbcj `r ruc ruc a`ct a`ctbcu bcu`us `usny. ny.
@ptb @ptb`c `cfn fn Qt`p Qt`p
Bc fut` fut` fcg fcg KGB KGB k`gj k`gj,, wejc wejc `ptb `ptb`c `cfn fn st`p st`p bs fatb fatbvf vftjg tjg,, tej tej nbhe nbhett dnfsejs fcg K96 wbnn st`p tej pr`hrfk.
Anfkp
N``sjc fcg anfkp dbxtur xturjjs
A``nfct
Wur Wurc `c fcg `dd `dd a``n ``nfct
Qpbc Qpbcgn gnjj
Tfn Tfnbg bc bc fut` fut`,, efcg efcg wej wejjn jn `r `r rjtu rjturc rcbc bch h t` rj rjdjrj djrjca cajj p`bc p`bct. t. Qw Qwbtae btae ojtwjjc spbcgnj an`amwbsj turcbch fcg st`p.
Djjg _ftj
69%--6:9% 』 Kfcufn Kfcufn rftj `r djjg djjg rftj, rftj, jfae jfae prjss prjss wbnn wbnn bcarjf bcarjfsj sj `r gjarjfsj 69%(69%-6:9%)
Dfst _ftj Qwbtae Aefchj Aefchj tej Djjg rftj dfst(9-699%) dfst(9-699%)
Qpbcgn Qpbcgnjj _ftj _ftj
Efcg
Qpbcgn Qpbcgnjj rftj rftj 69%-6: 69%-6:9% 9%
XejjnKfcufn Kfcufnny ny spjjg spjjg swbtae swbtae.. Bc sbchnj sbchnj efcg efcg wejjn wejjn fcg sbchnj stjp k`gj, k`gj,
_ftj Qwbtae
aefchj ojtwjjc U6,U69 fcg U699
Qtf Qtfrt
Ayanj yanj stf stfrt, rt, fut` fut` `r KGB KGB pr` pr`hrfk rfk stf stfrt
Yfus Yfusjj
Djj Djjg pfu pfusj. sj. Fut` ut` `r KGB KGB pr`h pr`hrf rfk k pfu pfusj
W@YACA W@YAC A X`rmse`p X`rmse`p Fut`kftb`c Wjaec`n`hy A`., A`., Ntg.
Lbfdjchqb.xtdIe`tkfbn.a`k Lbfdjchq b.xtdIe`tkfbn.a`k
W@YACA W@YAC A X`rmse`p X`rmse`p Fut`kftb`c Fut`kftb`c Wjaec`n`hy Wjaec`n`hy A`., Ntg.
Lbfdjchqb.xtdIe`tkfbn.a`k Lbfdjchqb .xtdIe`tkfbn.a`k
U k`vj k`vjkj kjct ct `r Bc ofam t` rjdjrjcaj p`bct, kfcufn fcg sbchnj stjp k`gj, fxbs U k`vj efcg sjnjatb`c
wejjn d`rwfrg `r ofam. Bc sbchnj efcg wejjn k`gj, bt bs tej U fxbs sjnjatb`c outt`c.
R k`vj k`vjkj kjct ct `r Bc ofam t` rjdjrjcaj p`bct, kfcufn fcg sbchnj stjp k`gj, fxbs R k`vj efcg sjnjatb`c
wejjn d`rwfrg `r ofam. Bc sbchnj efcg wejjn k`gj, bt bs tej R fxbs sjnjatb`c outt`c.
\ k`vj k`vjkj kjct ct `r Bc ofam t` rjdjrjcaj p`bct, kfcufn fcg sbchnj stjp k`gj, fxbs \ k`vj efcg sjnjatb`c
wejjn d`rwfrg `r ofam. Bc sbchnj efcg wejjn k`gj, bt bs tej \ fxbs sjnjatb`c outt`c.
F k`vj k`vjkj kjct ct `r Bc ofam t` rjdjrjcaj p`bct, kfcufn fcg sbchnj stjp k`gj, fxbs F k`vj efcg sjnjatb`c
wejjn d`rwfrg `r ofam. Bc sbchnj efcg wejjn k`gj, bt bs tej F fxbs sjnjatb`c outt`c.
1. Bctjrdfajs Bctjrdfajs 1.6 Kfbc Bctjrdfaj
Wej kfbc kfbc bctjrdf bctjrdfaj aj se`ws se`ws tej fos`nu fos`nutj tj a``rgb a``rgbcft cftjs, js, Kfaebc Kfaebcjj a``rgbc a``rgbcftj ftjs, s, pr`ajss pr`ajssbch bch tbkj, tbkj, pfrts pfrts cukojrs, kfcufn spjjg, spbcgnj spjjg fcg pr`hrfk a`cgbtb`c. K Qpjjg< kfcufn spjjg D< djjg rftj Q< spbcgnj spjjg Zsj Ducatb`c mjy t` swbtae d`r jfae ducatb`c pfhjs. 1.? Y`sbtb`c(Y@Q)
W@YACA W@YAC A X`rmse`p X`rmse`p Fut`kftb`c Wjaec`n`hy A`., A`., Ntg.
Lbfdjchqb.xtdIe`tkfbn.a`k Lbfdjchq b.xtdIe`tkfbn.a`k
W@YACA W@YAC A X`rmse`p X`rmse`p Fut`kftb`c Fut`kftb`c Wjaec`n`hy Wjaec`n`hy A`., Ntg.
Lbfdjchqb.xtdIe`tkfbn.a`k Lbfdjchqb .xtdIe`tkfbn.a`k
Yrjss H:7-H:2 t` jctjr tebs bctjrdfaj fcg sjt tej w`rmbch a``rgbcftjs. Yrjss Qjnjat t` ae``sj fcg Qjt @_H t` aefchj.
1.?.6 QJW @_H
Bcput< Wej `ddsjt `d tej a``rgbcftj systjk bc kfaebcj a``rgbcftj. +Bcput< Bcarjkjctfnny bcput tej `ddsjt `d tej a``rgbcftj systjk bc kfaebcj a``rgbcftj Kjfsurj< Qjt tej aurrjct fos`nutj a``rgbcftjs(Yrjdjrrjg) FUBQ _G< _jfg tej kfaebcj a``rgbcftjs `d tej aurrjct fxbs, jfsy t` sjt tej kfaebcj zjr`. 1.?.? _JAW AJC
W@YACA W@YAC A X`rmse`p X`rmse`p Fut`kftb`c Wjaec`n`hy A`., A`., Ntg.
Lbfdjchqb.xtdIe`tkfbn.a`k Lbfdjchq b.xtdIe`tkfbn.a`k
W@YACA W@YAC A X`rmse`p X`rmse`p Fut`kftb`c Fut`kftb`c Wjaec`n`hy Wjaec`n`hy A`., Ntg.
Lbfdjchqb.xtdIe`tkfbn.a`k Lbfdjchqb .xtdIe`tkfbn.a`k
1.?.1 AB_. AJC
Webs pfhj afnaunftjs tej ajctjr `d tej abranj faa`rgbch t` terjj p`bcts c`t bc `cj nbcj bc tej pnfcj, tejc sjt t` tej w`rm pbjaj a``rgbcftj systjk `ddsjt. 1.1 Yr`hrfks
W@YACA W@YAC A X`rmse`p X`rmse`p Fut`kftb`c Wjaec`n`hy A`., A`., Ntg.
Lbfdjchqb.xtdIe`tkfbn.a`k Lbfdjchq b.xtdIe`tkfbn.a`k
W@YACA W@YAC A X`rmse`p X`rmse`p Fut`kftb`c Fut`kftb`c Wjaec`n`hy Wjaec`n`hy A`., Ntg.
Lbfdjchqb.xtdIe`tkfbn.a`k Lbfdjchqb .xtdIe`tkfbn.a`k
Bc tej pr`hrfk kfbc bctjrdfaj, bt se`ws tej aurrjct w`rm pbjaj w`rmbch pr`hrfks, prjss YhZp fcg YhGc t` k`vj up `r g`wc tjc nbcjs. KGB AN_ t` anjfr up fnn tej KGB pr`hrfks. Zsj KGB O`frg O`frg t` t` kfmj kfmj sbkpnj sbkpnj KGB pr`hrf pr`hrfk k nbcjs nbcjs d`r tjstbch tjstbch.. Yrjss Yrjss t` tej tej ojh ojhbc bccb cbch ch fcg fcg ebt ebt
t` k`vj k`vj tej aurs`r aurs`r
t` ruc ruc tej tej pr`h pr`hrf rfk. k. Bd tej aurs` aurs`rr bs bs c`t c`t ft tej tej ojhb ojhbcc ccbc bch, h, ebttb ebttbch ch
wbnn kfmj tej pr`hrfks t` ruc stfrtbch dr`k tej nbcj wejrj tej aurs`r bs ft. C`tj< bd tej KGB pr`hrfks jcgs wbte K22, tejc bt wbnn st`p out c`t rjstfrt. 1.1.6 Y_H Nbst Bc tebs pfhj bt se`ws fnn tej pr`hrfks st`rjg bc tej a`ctr`nnjr. 9999.ca afc c`t oj k`gbdbjg `r gjnjtjg.
1.1.? ZQO Nbst
W@YACA W@YAC A X`rmse`p X`rmse`p Fut`kftb`c Wjaec`n`hy A`., A`., Ntg.
Lbfdjchqb.xtdIe`tkfbn.a`k Lbfdjchq b.xtdIe`tkfbn.a`k
W@YACA W@YAC A X`rmse`p X`rmse`p Fut`kftb`c Fut`kftb`c Wjaec`n`hy Wjaec`n`hy A`., Ntg.
Lbfdjchqb.xtdIe`tkfbn.a`k Lbfdjchqb .xtdIe`tkfbn.a`k
Yrjss ZQO GCA t` gbrjatny ruc tej pr`hrfks bc tej ZQO. Qfvj?CA t` n`fg pr`hrfks dr`k ZQO t` tej a`ctr`nnjr.
1.7 Yfrfkjtjrs Bc tebs ducatb`cs, wj afc sjt tej `vjrfnn pfrfkjtjrs, bcput, `utput, gbrjat a`ctr`n a`cdbhurftb`c fcg fxbs pfrfkjtjrs. Bc pfrfkjtjrs, pfrfkjtjrs, fnn ucbt bs 9.996, s` bc H81, 6999 kjfcs 6kk. Yrjss K`gbdy t` aefchj pfrfkjtjrs. Fdtjr aefchbch tej nfchufhj, pnjfsj rjo``t tej a`ctr`nnjr.
Y9996 Ouzzjr Y999? Nfchufhj Y9991 A`uctjr sfvj Y9997 A`uctjr k`gj Y999: Wbkjr k`gj Y9994 _jsjt @ZW Ybc Y9998 Yr`hrfk Qwbtae Y`wjr @c
W@YACA W@YAC A X`rmse`p X`rmse`p Fut`kftb`c Wjaec`n`hy A`., A`., Ntg.
Lbfdjchqb.xtdIe`tkfbn.a`k Lbfdjchq b.xtdIe`tkfbn.a`k
W@YACA W@YAC A X`rmse`p X`rmse`p Fut`kftb`c Fut`kftb`c Wjaec`n`hy Wjaec`n`hy A`., Ntg.
Lbfdjchqb.xtdIe`tkfbn.a`k Lbfdjchqb .xtdIe`tkfbn.a`k
Y9995 Yfrfkjtjr swbtae Y`wjr @c Y9992 Faajss njvjn Y`wjr `c Y9969 Q`dt nbkbt ojd`rj kjaefcbafn zjr` rjturc Y9966 H81 G(9.996) Y996? H51 g(9.996) Y9961 \ fxbs Qfdjty Ejbhet(9.996) Y9967 Djjnjr on`am tebamcjss(9.996) Y996: A`nnbkftb`c dfnnofam Y9964 W``n a`nnbkft`r p`sbtb`c 9 c` dbxjg 6 dbxjg Y9968 W``n a`nnbkft`r ft U fxbs p`sbtb`c(9.996) Y9965 W``n a`nnbkft`r ft R fxbs p`sbtb`c(9.996) Y9962 W``n a`nnbkft`r ft \ fxbs p`sbtb`c(9.996) Y99?9 A`nnbkftb`c Qpjjg Y99?9 A`ct`ur Faaurfay Y99?6 _fpbg FAAJNJ_FWB@C(KK/KBC/Q) Y99?? Djjg FAAJNJ_FWB@C(KK/KBC/Q) Y99?1 JKQ FAAJNJ_FWB@C(KK/KBC/Q) Y99?7 Djjg rftj stfrt Y99?: Gjdfunt djjg rftj Y99?4 D9 `d rfpbg spjjg Y99?8 Efcg l`h n`w spjjg Y99?5 9
W@YACA W@YAC A X`rmse`p X`rmse`p Fut`kftb`c Wjaec`n`hy A`., A`., Ntg.
Lbfdjchqb.xtdIe`tkfbn.a`k Lbfdjchq b.xtdIe`tkfbn.a`k
W@YACA W@YAC A X`rmse`p X`rmse`p Fut`kftb`c Fut`kftb`c Wjaec`n`hy Wjaec`n`hy A`., Ntg.
Lbfdjchqb.xtdIe`tkfbn.a`k Lbfdjchqb .xtdIe`tkfbn.a`k
1.7.? Ybc @ZW Wej `utput p`rt afc oj a`cdbhurjg d`r spbcgnj a``nbch, anfkpbch, spbcgnj r`tftb`c, tej stftus `d terjj-a`n`r nbhets. Zsj tej mjy K`gbdy t` sjt tej ducatb`c.
1.7.1 Y?Y AW_N Bc tebs k`gj, wj afc sjt t` gbrjatny a`ctr`n `utput bc kfcufn k`gj. Wej trbhhjr s`uraj afc oj outt`c `r bcputs. Wrbhhjrbch kjte`g afc oj sjnd-n`ambch `r l`hhbch.
W@YACA W@YAC A X`rmse`p X`rmse`p Fut`kftb`c Wjaec`n`hy A`., A`., Ntg.
Lbfdjchqb.xtdIe`tkfbn.a`k Lbfdjchq b.xtdIe`tkfbn.a`k
W@YACA W@YAC A X`rmse`p X`rmse`p Fut`kftb`c Fut`kftb`c Wjaec`n`hy Wjaec`n`hy A`., Ntg.
Lbfdjchqb.xtdIe`tkfbn.a`k Lbfdjchqb .xtdIe`tkfbn.a`k
1.7.7 Fxbs Yfrfkjtjrs
Ynjfsj sjj tej d`nn`wbch d`rkunf d`r jnjatrba rftb` Jxfkpnj 6/< Qarjw Wrfcskbssb`c. Qtjppjr k`t`r bs 599 ppr, `r sjrv` k`t`r bs 599 punsjs pjr a`kpnjtj 149 Gjhrjj r`tftb`c. (;C) Njfg Qarjw / Ofnn Qarjw pbtae bs 9.? kk (;Y ] * 6999 [) _jguatb`c rftb` bs 6<6. (;_) D`rkunf< Hjfrbch _ftb` ; C / (Y * _) Wejc d`r C ; 599 Y ; (9.? * 6999 ), _ ; 6<6. 599/ (9.? * 6999 * 6) ; 7/ 6 Jxfkpnj ?/< _fam fcg Ybcb`c. Qtjppjr k`t`r bs 4999 ppr, `r sjrv` k`t`r bs 4999 punsjs pjr a`kpnjtj 149 Gjhrjj r`tftb`c. (;C) Ybcb`c Hjfr efs ?9 tjjte. (;H) K`gunj(;K) K`gunj(;K) bs ? G ; C/ H*K*ω*6999, hbvjc teft G ; 4999 / ?9*?*1.676:2?4:1:525 ?9*?*1.676:2?4:1:525 *6999↟ G ; 698 / ??76 Jxfkpnj 1/< _`tfry Fchnj Qtjppjr k`t`r bs :999 ppr, `r sjrv` k`t`r bs :999 punsjs pjr a`kpnjtj 149 Gjhrjj r`tftb`c. (;C)
W@YACA W@YAC A X`rmse`p X`rmse`p Fut`kftb`c Wjaec`n`hy A`., A`., Ntg.
Lbfdjchqb.xtdIe`tkfbn.a`k Lbfdjchq b.xtdIe`tkfbn.a`k
W@YACA W@YAC A X`rmse`p X`rmse`p Fut`kftb`c Fut`kftb`c Wjaec`n`hy Wjaec`n`hy A`., Ntg.
Lbfdjchqb.xtdIe`tkfbn.a`k Lbfdjchqb .xtdIe`tkfbn.a`k
_jguatb`c rftb` `d hjfro`x bs 6<19. (;_) Wejc< Fchnj F ; C * _ / (149 * 6999) Wejrjd`rj Wejrjd`rj F ; :999*19 / 149 * 6999 ↟ F ; 6:9999 / 149999 149999 ; 6: / 14 Fxbs Yfrfkjtjrs bcanugjs(tfmj U fxbs fs jxfkpnj) Y965: U fxbs k`t`r punsj pjr r`tftb`c abranj Y9654 U fxbs njchte pjr r`tftb`c abranj(9.996) Y9658 U fxbs rfpbg (H9) spjjg Y9655 U fxbs djjg rftj kfx Y9652 U fxbs l`h dfst spjjg Y9629 U fxbs dfst spjjg `d rjturc rjdjrjcaj p`bct Y9626 U fxbs n`w spjjg `d rjturc rjdjrjcaj p`bct Y962? U fxbs GB_ 9< D`rwfrg 6< _jvjrsj Y9621 U fxbs ofamnfse a`kpjcsftb`c(9.996) Y9627 U fxbs s`dt nbkbt kbcbkuk(9.996) kbcbkuk(9.996) Y962: U fxbs s`dt nbkbt kfx(9.996) Y9624 U fxbs sebdt fdtjr rjturc t` rjdjrjcaj p`bct(9.996) Y9628 U fxbs rjturc t` rjdjrjcaj p`bct gbrjatb`c 9< D`rwfrg 6< _jvjrsj Y9625 U fxbs rjturc t` e`kj kjte`g 9< rjdjrjcaj+\ rjdjrjcaj+\ punsj 6< rjdjrjcaj rjdjrjcaj ?< nbkbt+ z punsj 1< nbkbt 7< z punsj :< Gbs 1.: Bcd`rkftb`c Webs pfrt wbnn se`w fnfrk bcd`rkftb`c, systjk kfcfhjkjct, orjfm p`bct bcd`rkftb`c fcg n`h` n`fgbch ducatb`c. Zsufnny prjss _jsjt t` ucn`am tej fnfrk, bd bt g`js c`t w`rm, rjo``t tej a`ctr`nnjr.
1.:.6 Qystjk KH Yfrfkjtjr fcg pr`hrfk swbtae jcfonj usjr t` aefchj pfrfkjtjrs fcg pr`hrfks. D njvjn g`js c`t cjjg a`gj, gjdfuntjg gjdfuntjg a`gj d`r O fcg A njvjn bs 555555. K`vbch t` ebhejr njvjn rjqubrjs tej a`gj, webnj k`vbch t` n`wjr njvjn g`js c`t cjjg `cj. Dr`k ebhe t` n`w njvjn bs O, A fcg D.
W@YACA W@YAC A X`rmse`p X`rmse`p Fut`kftb`c Wjaec`n`hy A`., A`., Ntg.
Lbfdjchqb.xtdIe`tkfbn.a`k Lbfdjchq b.xtdIe`tkfbn.a`k
W@YACA W@YAC A X`rmse`p X`rmse`p Fut`kftb`c Fut`kftb`c Wjaec`n`hy Wjaec`n`hy A`., Ntg.
Lbfdjchqb.xtdIe`tkfbn.a`k Lbfdjchqb .xtdIe`tkfbn.a`k
1.:.? N`h` Bkp`rt Aefchbch `d n`h` rjqubrjs O njvjn pjrkbssb`c. Kfmj tej pbaturj fs okp d`rkft, sbzj 759*1?9. Cfkj bt stfrt.okp fcg sfvj bt bc tej ZQO. Yrjss N@H@ BK t` aefchj tej o``t pbaturj. C`tj< R`u kust fnwfys usj tej rbhet d`rkft `d pbaturj. bd y`u usj tej wr`ch d`rkft, tej a`ctr`nnjr wbnn bctrbhuj fc sjnd pr`tjatbch saejkj fcg y`u wbnn cjvjr aefchj tej o``t pbaturj fcyk`rj. 1.:.1 Orjfm Bcd`rkftb`c Aejam Aejam tej pr`hr pr`hrfk fk nbcj nbcj nfst `pjrftj `pjrftjg. g. Zsj tebs t` a`ctbc a`ctbcuj uj tej `pjrf `pjrftb`c tb`c bd tej pr`hrfk pr`hrfk bs st`ppjg faabgjctfnny. 1.:.7 Wbkj N`am Aefchbch `d tej tjst tbkj `d tej a`ctr`nnjr wbnn rjqubrj f O njvjn. G` c`t d`rhjt tej O njvjn a`gj `caj y`u aefchj bt. Bd tej tjst tbkj bs up, a`ctfat tej sjnnjr `d y`urs y`urs t` hbvj tej a`gj.
1.4 Aejam(Gbfhc`sbs)
W@YACA W@YAC A X`rmse`p X`rmse`p Fut`kftb`c Wjaec`n`hy A`., A`., Ntg.
Lbfdjchqb.xtdIe`tkfbn.a`k Lbfdjchq b.xtdIe`tkfbn.a`k
W@YACA W@YAC A X`rmse`p X`rmse`p Fut`kftb`c Fut`kftb`c Wjaec`n`hy Wjaec`n`hy A`., Ntg.
Lbfdjchqb.xtdIe`tkfbn.a`k Lbfdjchqb .xtdIe`tkfbn.a`k
Webs pfrt bcanugj bcput fcg `utput gbfhc`sbs.
7.
Kfcufn Kfcufn @pjrftb @pjrftb`c `c
7.6 Kfaebcj \jr` Yrjss Yrjss
fcg c`w tej systjk systjk bs bc e`kj e`kj k`gj. k`gj. Wej nbhet nbhet bs `c. Wejc Wejc prjss prjss U+, U-,R+, U-,R+,RR-,, \+,\-, \+,\-,
F+,F- t` h` ofam t` e`kj p`sbtb`c. p`sbtb`c. 1 fxbs ft k`st afc g` tebs `pjrftb`c `pjrftb`c ft tej sfkj tbkj. 7.? Kfcufn K`gj Yrjss Yrjss
fcg c`w tej systj systjk k bs bc kfcufn kfcufn k`gj. k`gj. Wej nbhet nbhet bs `c.Wej `c.Wejc c prjss prjss U+, U-,R+, U-,R+,R-, R-, \+,\-, \+,\-,
F+,F- a`ctbcu`usny t` kfmj tej fxbs k`vj faa`rgbchny. Qtjp prjss tej outt`c fcg tej k`vjkjct wbnn wbnn oj st`ppj st`ppjg g bkkjgbf bkkjgbftjn tjny. y. Yrjss Yrjss
t` swbtae swbtae dr`k dr`k kfcufn kfcufn n`w spjjg( spjjg(sjt sjt bc HJ YF_F) F_F) fcg
ebhe ebhe spjjg spjjg.. Bc kfcuf kfcufnn ebhe ebhe spjjg spjjg k`gj k`gj,, prjs prjsss
t` swbta swbtae e spjjg spjjg rftj rftj..
7.1 Qbchnj Qtjp `r Efcg Xejjn K`gj Yrjs Yrjsss
t` jctj jctjrr sbc sbchn hnj j stj stjp p k`gj k`gj bd Y99? Y99?5 5 pfr pfrfk fkjt jtjr jr bs 6= t` jctj jctjrr efc efcg g wej wejjn jn k`gj k`gj bs
Y99?5 bs 9. Wejc prjss U+, U-,R+,R-, \+,\-, F+,F- t` kfmj tej fxbs k`vj faa`rgbchny. Jfae prjss wbnn kfmj kfmj tej fxbs fxbs t` k`vj k`vj tej tej skfn skfnnj njst st pr`h pr`hrf rfkkb kkbch ch ucbt. ucbt. Yrjs Yrjsss
t` kfmj kfmj bt kuntb kuntbpn pny y oy oy 69, 69,
699 fcg 699 tbkjs, webae bs U6, U69 fcg U699. 7.7 Wjfae-bc Wjfae bc pr`hrfkkbch afc oj jfsbny pr`hrfkkjg t` wrbtj s`kj pr`hrfks teft bs c`t cjajssfrbny vjry faaurftj, y`u afc fut`kftbafnny jctjr tej fos`nutj a``rgbcftjs.
W@YACA W@YAC A X`rmse`p X`rmse`p Fut`kftb`c Wjaec`n`hy A`., A`., Ntg.
Lbfdjchqb.xtdIe`tkfbn.a`k Lbfdjchq b.xtdIe`tkfbn.a`k
W@YACA W@YAC A X`rmse`p X`rmse`p Fut`kftb`c Fut`kftb`c Wjaec`n`hy Wjaec`n`hy A`., Ntg.
Yrjss Yrjss
Lbfdjchqb.xtdIe`tkfbn.a`k Lbfdjchqb .xtdIe`tkfbn.a`k
fcg tej tjfae-bc tjfae-bc nbhets nbhets dnfsejs dnfsejs,, fcg tej kfcufn kfcufn k`gj wbnn oj fut`kft fut`kftbafn bafnny ny fatbvft fatbvftjg. jg.
R`u afc fns` fns` prjss prjss
t` swbtae swbtae t` efcg efcg wejjn. wejjn. Fxbs Fxbs ae``sb ae``sbch ch fcg jgbt jgbt gufn gufn ducatb` ducatb`c c outt`c outt`css
fat fs fxbs ae``sbch wejc tej kfcufn nbhet bs `c. Bd bt bs sbchnj efcg wejjn k`gj, tejc bt bs fns` fxbs fxbs ae``sb ae``sbch ch outt`c outt`c== out bd bt bs efcg-e efcg-ejng jng efcg wejjn, tejc tej outt`cs outt`cs sjrvj sjrvj d`r jgbtbch jgbtbch ducatb`c ducatb`c.. Wjfae-bc jfae-bc pr`hr pr`hrfkkb fkkbch ch kust kust oj fos`nu fos`nutjny tjny pr`hr pr`hrfkkb fkkbch. ch. Xejc ebt tej aefrfa aefrfatjr tjr outt`cs U, R, \, F, B, L, M, bd tej a`rrjsp`cgbch fxbs bs vfnbg, bt wbnn fut`kftbafnny fgg tej aurrjct fos`nutj a``rgbcftjs. Bd y`u prjss ]JQA[, fnn vfnbg fxbs p`sbtb`cs frj jctjrjg ft `caj. Xejc tjfae-bc pr`hrfkkbch pr`hrfkkbch bs usjg d`r fra pr`hrfkkbch, pr`hrfkkbch, `cny 1-p`bct abraunfr abraunfr bctjrp`nftb`c bctjrp`nftb`c a`gj H6? afc oj usjg ojafusj tej bcarjkjct a``rgbcftjs afc c`t oj jctjrjg. Gurbch Wjfae-bc, c`c-jddjatbvj fxbs outt`cs frj c` gbddjrjcaj tefc tejy frj bc tej jgbtbch k`gj fcg afc oj usjg nbmj fnwfys. :.
H A`gj A`gj fcg K A`gj A`gj Nbst Nbst
:.6 H A`gj H A`gj
Njvj Njvjnn
Dfst Dfst p`sbtb p`sbtb`cb `cbch, ch, tej spjjg faa`rg faa`rgbch bch t` tej spjjg spjjg pfrfkj pfrfkjtjr tjr H9 spjjg spjjg
H99 *
`pjrftb`c. Nbcjfr bctjrp`nftb`c, ruc oy hbvjc D
H96
An`amw An`amwbsj bsj bctjrp bctjrp`nf `nftb` tb`c, c, tej spjjg spjjg faa`rg faa`rgbch bch t` tej hbvjc hbvjc D, bd tejrj tejrj bs
H9? H91
96
99
Gjnfy, pfrfkjtjr U bc sja`cgs, pfrfkjtjr Y bc kbnnbsja`cgs, rjs`nutb`c : ks Abraunfr bctjrp`nftb`c pnfcj sjnjatb`c UR
H68 * H65
c`c-pnfcj fxbs, faa`rgbch t` tej spbrfn bctjrp`nftb`c `pjrftb`c A`uctjran`amwbsj abraunfr bctjrp`nftb`c, tej sfkj fs fo`vj @vjr tej kbggnj p`bct `d tej abraunfr bctjrp`nftb`c, usjg bc tjfae bc ducatb`c
H6? H97
Duca Ducatb tb`c `css
9?
H62
Abraunfr bctjrp`nftb`c pnfcj sjnjatb`c \U Abraunfr bctjrp`nftb`c pnfcj sjnjatb`c R\ _jturc _jturc t` tej rjdjrj rjdjrjcaj caj p`bct p`bct (ofam (ofam t` kjaefc kjaefcbaf bafnn zjr`), zjr`), bcv`nv bcv`nvbch bch tej
H?5
99
N`afn a``rgbcftj ducatb`c
H:? H:1
pfrfkjtjrs `d spjjg, rjturc gbrjatb`c fcg k`gj
99
Kfaebcj a``rgbcftj p`sbtb`cbch
H:7 *
X`rm pbjaj a``rgbcftj systjk 6
H::
X`rm pbjaj a``rgbcftj systjk ?
H:4
X`rm pbjaj a``rgbcftj systjk 1
H:8
X`rm pbjaj a``rgbcftj systjk 7
H:5
94
X`rm pbjaj a``rgbcftj systjk :
H:2
X`rm pbjaj a``rgbcftj systjk 4
H81
Ebhe spjjg gjjp e`nj kfaebcbch ayanj
H59 *
Dbxjg ayanj bs afcajnjg
W@YACA W@YAC A X`rmse`p X`rmse`p Fut`kftb`c Wjaec`n`hy A`., A`., Ntg.
Lbfdjchqb.xtdIe`tkfbn.a`k Lbfdjchq b.xtdIe`tkfbn.a`k
W@YACA W@YAC A X`rmse`p X`rmse`p Fut`kftb`c Fut`kftb`c Wjaec`n`hy Wjaec`n`hy A`., Ntg.
H56
Grbnnbch ayanj (p`bct grbnnbch ayanj)
H5?
Grbnnbch ayanj (o`rbch stjppjg fbr abraunftb`c)
H51
Gjjp e`nj grbnnbch ayanj
H5:
O`rbch ayanj
H54
Grbnnbch ayanj
H52
O`rbch ayanj
H29 *
Fos`nutj pr`hrfkkbch 95
H26
Lbfdjchqb.xtdIe`tkfbn.a`k Lbfdjchqb .xtdIe`tkfbn.a`k
Bcarjkjctfn vfnuj pr`hrfkkbch Qjttbch Qjttbch w`rm pbjaj a``rgbcftj, a``rgbcftj, bc tej fosjcaj `d f kjaefcbafn kjaefcbafn rjturc rjturc t` zjr`,
H2? 99 H21 H21
bt wbnn `ddsjt fnn w`rm a``rgbcftj Qjt Qjt tej tej kfaebc aebcjj a``r a``rgb gbc cftj ftjs, pnjf pnjfsj sj usj afrjd frjdun unny ny bd tejr tejrjj bs f s`dt s`dt nbk nbkbt
2
H25 *
Wej dbxjg ayanj rjturcs t` tej bcbtbfn pnfcj Wej dbxjg ayanj rjturcs t` p`bct _
H22
:.? K-A`gj Cfkj
Ducatb`c
K99
Wej pr`hrfk bs pfusjg fcg prjss tej "ayanj stfrt" pr`hrfk a`ctbcujs
K96
Vufsb-st`p, bd tej Vufsb st`p nbhet bs `c, tej pr`hrfk st`ps
K9?
Wej pr`hrfk st`ps
K91
Qpbcgnj 6 d`rwfrg
K97
Qpbcgnj 6 rjvjrsjs
K9:
Qpbcgnj 6 st`ps
K95
A``nfct `pjc
K92
A``nfct `dd
K69
Anfkp
K66
rjnjfsj
K61
Qpbcgnj ? d`rwfrg
K67
Qpbcgnj ? rjvjrsjs
K6:
Qpbcgnj ? st`ps
K19
Wej pr`hrfk jcgs fcg tej pr`hrfk rjturcs t` tej ojhbccbch
K47
A`uct pnus `cj
K4:
Wej a`uct bs anjfrjg
K89
Xfbt d`r bcput p`rt, `utput `utput p`rt `r fuxbnbfry fuxbnbfry rjnfy bcvfnbg. bcvfnbg. p`rt= K89 R6 `utput p`rt= K89 \6 fuxbnbfry rjnfy=
W@YACA W@YAC A X`rmse`p X`rmse`p Fut`kftb`c Wjaec`n`hy A`., A`., Ntg.
Lbfdjchqb.xtdIe`tkfbn.a`k Lbfdjchq b.xtdIe`tkfbn.a`k
Jxfkpnj< Jxfkpnj< K89 U6? bcput bcput
W@YACA W@YAC A X`rmse`p X`rmse`p Fut`kftb`c Fut`kftb`c Wjaec`n`hy Wjaec`n`hy A`., Ntg.
K86 K8? K81
Xfbt Xfbt d`r bcput bcput p`rt, p`rt, `utput `utput p`rt p`rt `r fuxbnb fuxbnbfry fry rjnfy rjnfy Tfnbg. Tfnbg.
Qmbp wejc bcput p`rt, `utput `utput p`rt p`rt `r fuxbnbfry fuxbnbfry rjnfy bs bcvfnbg. bcvfnbg. Jxfkpnj
K8:
Xfbtbch d`r bcput, `utput, `r fuxbnbfry rjnfy rbsbch jghj
K84
Fos`nutj smbp jxfkpnj< K84 Y6
K59
@utput p`rt `r fuxbnbfry rjnfy @DD. jxfkpnj< K59 R6?
K56
@utput p`rt `r fuxbnbfry rjnfy `c. Jxfkpnj< K56 R6?
K51 K57 K25 K22
Jxfkpn Jxfkpnj< j< K86 U6? bcput bcput
p`rt= K86 R6 `utput p`rt= K86 \6 fuxbnbfry rjnfy=
K87
K5?
Lbfdjchqb.xtdIe`tkfbn.a`k Lbfdjchqb .xtdIe`tkfbn.a`k
@utp @utput ut p`rt p`rt `r fuxb fuxbnb nbfr fry y rjnfy rjnfy hbvj hbvjss `utpu `utputt d`r f pjrb` pjrb`g g `d tbkj tbkj tejc tejc an`sj an`sj `dd. `dd. Jxfkpnj< K5? R6? Y6999 (kbnnbsja`cgs) @utput @utput p`rt p`rt `r fuxbnbfry fuxbnbfry rjnfy hbvjs `utput `utput fcg fcg an`sj `dd wejc fc bcput p`rt bs vfnbg Jxfkpnj< K51 R6? U61 @utput @utput p`rt p`rt `r fuxbnbfry fuxbnbfry rjnfy hbvjs `utput `utput fcg fcg an`sj an`sj `dd wejc fc bcput p`rt bs bcvfnbg bcvfnbg Jxfkpnj< K57 R6? U61 Afnn suopr`hrfk. suopr`hrfk. C`tj teft tej suopr`hrfk suopr`hrfk cfkj d`rkft d`rkft se`ung se`ung oj @xxxx.ca @xxxx.ca fcg x bs tej cukojr Quopr`hrfk Quopr`hrfk `r kfar` rjturc. rjturc. Bd Bd usjg bc tej kfbc pr`hrfk, pr`hrfk, tej pr`hrfk pr`hrfk n``ps dr`k tej ojhbccbch
4. Bcstfnnkjct Qbzj(kk)
W@YACA W@YAC A X`rmse`p X`rmse`p Fut`kftb`c Wjaec`n`hy A`., A`., Ntg.
Lbfdjchqb.xtdIe`tkfbn.a`k Lbfdjchq b.xtdIe`tkfbn.a`k
W@YACA W@YAC A X`rmse`p X`rmse`p Fut`kftb`c Fut`kftb`c Wjaec`n`hy Wjaec`n`hy A`., Ntg.
8. Xbrbch Gbfhrfk 8.6 Grbvjr A`ccjatb`c 8.6.6 Grbvjr Q`amjt Q`amjt
GO
typj
Ybc
Qbhcfn
Ducatb`cs
6
UAY+
U Fxbs Yunsj+
?
UAY-
U Fxbs Yunsj-
1
UGB_+
U Fxbs Gbrjatb`c+
7
UGB_-
U Fxbs Gbrjatb`c-
:
RAY+
R Fxbs Yunsj+
4
RAY-
R Fxbs Yunsj-
8
RGB_+
R Fxbs Gbrjatb`c+
5
RGB_-
R Fxbs Gbrjatb`c-
2
\A Y+
\ Fxbs Yunsj+
69
\A Y-
\ Fxbs Yunsj-
66
\GB_+
\ Fxbs Gbrjatb`c+
?: 6?
\GB_-
\ Fxbs Gbrjatb`c-
61
FAY+
F Fxbs Yunsj+
67
FAY-
F Fxbs Yunsj-
6:
FGB_+
F Fxbs Gbrjatb`c+
64
FGB_-
F Fxbs Gbrjatb`c-
?:
:T
ofamup :T
e`nj s`amjt(grbvjr)
5.6.? Qtjppjr K`t`r A`ccjatb`c
W@YACA W@YAC A X`rmse`p X`rmse`p Fut`kftb`c Wjaec`n`hy A`., A`., Ntg.
Lbfdjchqb.xtdIe`tkfbn.a`k Lbfdjchq b.xtdIe`tkfbn.a`k
Lbfdjchqb.xtdIe`tkfbn.a`k Lbfdjchqb .xtdIe`tkfbn.a`k
W@YACA W@YAC A X`rmse`p X`rmse`p Fut`kftb`c Fut`kftb`c Wjaec`n`hy Wjaec`n`hy A`., Ntg.
8.6.1 Qjrv` K`t`r A`ccjatb`c
8.? Qpbcgnj A`ccjatb`c 8.?.6 Qpbcgnj Q`amjt Q`amjt
Ybc
Qbhcfn
Ducatb`cs
6
U61
Bcput 61(Ducatb`cs afc oj ae`sjc)
5
HCG
Y`wjr Quppny -
2
QNO
Efcg wejjn O pefsj punsj bcput
69
QNF
Efcg wejjn F pefsj punsj bcput
66
:T
+:T Y`wjr Quppny @utput
6?
HCG
Y`wjr Quppny -
61
QTA6
Fcfn`h v`ntfhj 9-69T `utput
67
75:F
_Q75:
6:
75:O
_Q75:
GO typj ?: 64
HCG
Y`wjr Quppny -
e`nj(Qpbcgnj 68
U??
Bcput ?? (Ducatb`cs afc oj ae`sjc)
W@YACA W@YAC A X`rmse`p X`rmse`p Fut`kftb`c Wjaec`n`hy A`., A`., Ntg.
Lbfdjchqb.xtdIe`tkfbn.a`k Lbfdjchq b.xtdIe`tkfbn.a`k
Lbfdjchqb.xtdIe`tkfbn.a`k Lbfdjchqb .xtdIe`tkfbn.a`k
W@YACA W@YAC A X`rmse`p X`rmse`p Fut`kftb`c Fut`kftb`c Wjaec`n`hy Wjaec`n`hy A`., Ntg.
fcg `tejrs) 65
U?6
Bcput
?6 ?6(Ducatb`cs afc oj ae`sjc)
62
U?9
Bcput
?9 ?9(Ducatb`cs afc oj ae`sjc)
?9
U62
Bcput
62 62(Ducatb`cs afc oj ae`sjc)
?6
U65
Bcput
65 65(Ducatb`cs afc oj ae`sjc)
??
U68
Bcput
68 68(Ducatb`cs afc oj ae`sjc)
?1
U64
Bcput
64 64(Ducatb`cs afc oj ae`sjc)
?7
U6:
Bcput
6: 6:(Ducatb`cs afc oj ae`sjc)
8.?.? Qpbcgnj A`ccjatb`c
8.?.1 Efcg wejjn A`ccjatb`c A`c cjatb`c
8.1 Bcput A`ccjatb`c 8.1.6 Bcput Q`amjt Q`amjt
Ybc
Qbhcfn
Ducatb`cs
6
U96
Bcput 6 (Ducatb`cs afc oj ae`sjc)
?
U9?
Bcput ? (Ducatb`cs afc oj ae`sjc)
1
U91
Bcput1 (Ducatb`cs afc oj ae`sjc)
7
U97
Bcput 7 (Ducatb`cs afc oj ae`sjc)
W@YACA W@YAC A X`rmse`p X`rmse`p Fut`kftb`c Wjaec`n`hy A`., A`., Ntg.
Lbfdjchqb.xtdIe`tkfbn.a`k Lbfdjchq b.xtdIe`tkfbn.a`k
Lbfdjchqb.xtdIe`tkfbn.a`k Lbfdjchqb .xtdIe`tkfbn.a`k
W@YACA W@YAC A X`rmse`p X`rmse`p Fut`kftb`c Fut`kftb`c Wjaec`n`hy Wjaec`n`hy A`., Ntg.
GO
typj
e`nj (Bcput)
:
U9:
Bcput : (Ducatb`cs afc oj ae`sjc)
4
U94
Bcput 4 (Ducatb`cs afc oj ae`sjc)
8
U98
Bcput 8 (Ducatb`cs afc oj ae`sjc)
5
U95
Bcput 5 (Ducatb`cs afc oj ae`sjc)
2
U92
Bcput 2 (Ducatb`cs afc oj ae`sjc)
69
U69
Bcput69 (Ducatb`cs afc oj ae`sjc)
66
U66
Bcput 66 (Ducatb`cs afc oj ae`sjc)
6?
U6?
Bcput 6? (Ducatb`cs afc oj ae`sjc)
61
U61
Bcput 61(Ducatb`cs afc oj ae`sjc)
?: 67
U67
Bcput 67 (Ducatb`cs afc oj ae`sjc)
6:
U6:
Bcput 6: (Ducatb`cs afc oj ae`sjc)
64
U64
Bcput 64 (Ducatb`cs afc oj ae`sjc)
68
U68
Bcput 68 (Ducatb`cs afc oj ae`sjc)
65
U65
Bcput 65 (Ducatb`cs afc oj ae`sjc)
62
U62
Bcput 62 (Ducatb`cs afc oj ae`sjc)
?9
U?9
Bcput ?9 (Ducatb`cs afc oj ae`sjc)
?6
U?6
Bcput ?6 (Ducatb`cs afc oj ae`sjc)
??
U??
Bcput ?? (Ducatb`cs afc oj ae`sjc)
?1
U?1
Bcput ?1 (Ducatb`cs afc oj ae`sjc)
?7
U?7
Bcput ?7 (Ducatb`cs afc oj ae`sjc)
?:
HCG
Y`wjr Quppny Hr`ucg
8.1.? Bcput A`ccjatb`c D`r Kjaefcbafn Qwbtae
D`r Ye`t`jnjatrba Qwbtae
D`r Yr`oj
W@YACA W@YAC A X`rmse`p X`rmse`p Fut`kftb`c Wjaec`n`hy A`., A`., Ntg.
Lbfdjchqb.xtdIe`tkfbn.a`k Lbfdjchq b.xtdIe`tkfbn.a`k
Lbfdjchqb.xtdIe`tkfbn.a`k Lbfdjchqb .xtdIe`tkfbn.a`k
W@YACA W@YAC A X`rmse`p X`rmse`p Fut`kftb`c Fut`kftb`c Wjaec`n`hy Wjaec`n`hy A`., Ntg.
8.7 @utput Q`amjt
GO
typj
?:
e`nj (@utput)
Ybc
Qbhcfn
Ducatb`cs
6
R61
@utput 61
?
R6?
@utput 6?
1
R66
@utput 66
7
R69
@utput 69
:
R92
@utput 2
4
R95
@utput 5
8
R98
@utput 8
5
R94
@utput 4
2
R9:
@utput :
69
R97
@utput 7
66
R91
@utput 1
6?
R9?
@utput ?
61
R96
@utput 6
67
+?7T
+ ? 7T
6:
R?7
@utput ?7
64
R?1
@utput ?1
68
R??
@utput ??
65
R?6
@utput ?6
62
R?9
@utput ?9
?9
R62
@utput 62
?6
R65
@utput 65
??
R68
@utput 68
?1
R64
@utput 64
?7
R6:
@utput 6:
?:
R67
@utput 67
Qjt tej ducatb`cs `d `utput bc tej `utput bctjrdfaj.
W@YACA W@YAC A X`rmse`p X`rmse`p Fut`kftb`c Wjaec`n`hy A`., A`., Ntg.
Lbfdjchqb.xtdIe`tkfbn.a`k Lbfdjchq b.xtdIe`tkfbn.a`k
Lbfdjchqb.xtdIe`tkfbn.a`k Lbfdjchqb .xtdIe`tkfbn.a`k
W@YACA W@YAC A X`rmse`p X`rmse`p Fut`kftb`c Fut`kftb`c Wjaec`n`hy Wjaec`n`hy A`., Ntg.
W@YACA W@YAC A X`rmse`p X`rmse`p Fut`kftb`c Wjaec`n`hy A`., A`., Ntg.
Lbfdjchqb.xtdIe`tkfbn.a`k Lbfdjchq b.xtdIe`tkfbn.a`k
Lbfdjchqb.xtdIe`tkfbn.a`k Lbfdjchqb .xtdIe`tkfbn.a`k