[CYEFE ^C]@ULCY AZ[CDA[HCF [JELFCOCNX EC., O[K. O[K.
[CYEFE^C]@ULCYICZ[
[email protected]
E^=9[ = Axhs EFE Ecftrcoojr bcr Oatlj
[CYEFE ^cr`slcp Autcdathcf [jelfcocny Ec., Otk. tcpefewcr`slcpIcutocc`.ecd ^latsapp7 +<215<112>;19> U`ypj7 bjohehagha18<21==8
[CYEFE AZ[CDA[HCF [JELFCOCNX EC., O[K. O[K. [CYEFE^C]@ULCYICZ[
[email protected]
[CYEFE ^C]@ULCY AZ[CDA[HCF [JELFCOCNX EC., O[K. O[K.
[CYEFE^C]@ULCYICZ[
[email protected]
Mjbcrj ushfn tlhs ecftrco systjd, pojasj rjak tlhs dafuao earjbuooy afk tljf earry cut tlj rjojvaft cpjrathcf. Yojasj elje` hb tlj whrhfn hs ecrrjet mjbcrj pcwjrhfn cf! [lhs dafuao kjserhmjs tlj cpjrathcf cb tlhs prckuet as duel as pcsshmoj. Lcwjvjr, ht hs fct pcsshmoj tc jxpoahf aoo tlj pjrdhttjk afk fcf-pjrdhttjk cpjrathcfs. [ljrjbcrj, tc jfsurj tlj fcrdao usj cb tlj prckuet afk tlj jquhpdjft, cpjrathcfs fct statjk hf tlhs dafuao hs ecfshkjrjk fct pjrdhttjk. ^cr`hfn jfvhrcfdjft afk prctjethcf7 [lj wcr`hfn jfvhrcfdjft cb tlj ecftrco systjd hs -19 kjnrjj-:9 kjnrjj, wljf tlj tjdpjraturj jxejjks tlhs systjd, tlj systjd day mj wcr`hfn amfcrdaooy cr jvjf erasl. ^ljf tlj tjdpjraturj hs tcc ocw, tlj OEK khspoay whoo appjar amfcrdaooy. ]joathvj ludhkhty slcuok mj ecftrcoojk at 9-<:%. Hf tlj lhnl tjdpjraturj, lhnl ludhkhty, ecrrcshvj nas jfvhrcfdjft, ycu dust ta`j spjehao prctjethvj djasurjs. Yojasj prjvjft kust, djtao kust afk ctljr kjmrhs hftc tlj ecftrco s ystjd. Yojasj prctjet tlj OEK serjjf (branhoj)7 tc stay away brcd slarp cmgjets0 prjvjft cmgjets hf tlj ahr tc lht tlj serjjf0 wljf tlj serjjf fjjks tc mj eojafjk cb kust, njftoy whpj ushfn scbt papjr tcwjos cr ecttcf. Uystjd cpjrathcf7 Zsj tlj bhfnjr mjooy tc prjss a muttcf, kc fct prjss tlj muttcf whtl a faho, ctljrwhsj ht whoo eausj kadanj tc tlj muttcf das`, afk abbjet ycur usj. Cpjratcrs wlc cpjratj bcr tlj bhrst thdj slcuok ufkjrstafk tlj ecrrjet usj cb tlj ecrrjspcfkhfn bufethcf mjbcrj nchfn hftc cpjrathcf. Bcr ufbadhohar bufethcfs cr paradjtjrs, ht hs strhetoy bcrmhkkjf tc cpjratj. Kc fct elafnj tlj systjd paradjtjrs at whoo. Bcr tlj cpjrathcfao prcmojds, pojasj ecftaet ghabjfnqh.xtbIlctdaho.ecd. Uystjd ^arrafty7 1< dcftls, daf dakj kadanjs arj fct hfeoukjk. [lj bcoocwhfn ecfkhthcfs arj fct ecvjrjk my tlj warrafty7 Bahourjs eausjk my fct bcoocwhfn tlj hfstruethcf Mak whrhfn Kadanj eausjk my faturao khsastjrs afk ctljr rjascfs0 Zfautlcrhzjk rjdcvao, dckhbheathcf afk rjpahr. Ctljr dattjrs7 hb tlj systjd kcjs fct datel tlj dafuao, tlj systjd scbtwarj bufethcf slaoo prjvaho. Elafnjs cb bufethcfs cr hdprcvjdjfts (upnrakjs) hf ecftrco systjd arj sumgjet tc elafnj whtlcut fcthej. Elaptjr Cfj Hftrckuethcf 1. Uystjd Hftrckuethcf
E^=9[ hs tlj fjw njfjrathcf cb EFE Oatlj Ecftrcoojr kjvjocpjk my [CYEFE ^cr`slcp Autcdathcf [jelfcocny. Ht akcpts stafkark hftjrfathcfao N eckj prcnraddhfn, buoo serjjf jkhthfn afk prcnraddhfn, as wjoo as Elhfjsj/ Jfnohsl cpjrathcf hftjrbaej. Uystjd cpjrathcf hs shdpoj afk hftuhthvj, tlrcunl tlj prcnraddhfn ht eaf ecdpojtj tlj eyohfkrheao, jfk, soct, tapjr, are, tlrjak, tapphfn, kjjp lcoj krhoohfn afk ctljr prcejsshfn, suppcrthfn RBK sphfkoj afk sjrvc sphfkoj ecftrco, suppcrthfn A[E, hfput afk cutput eustcdhzjk kjbhfhfn. EFE systjd larkwarj afk scbtwarj bjaturjs7
☊ Masjk cf 5=-mht dhercprcejsscr, buoo ohf`anj, 9.991dd hftjrpcoathcf hftjrpcoathcf aeeuraey, tlj daxhdud daxhdud spjjk cb 1= d / dhf.
[CYEFE AZ[CDA[HCF [JELFCOCNX EC., O[K. O[K. [CYEFE^C]@ULCYICZ[
[email protected]
[CYEFE ^C]@ULCY AZ[CDA[HCF [JELFCOCNX EC., O[K. O[K.
[CYEFE^C]@ULCYICZ[
[email protected]
☊5.:-hfel ecocr whkj serjjf OEK, rjscouthcf ;<9*5=9, ^hfkcws hftjrbaej styoj. Jquhppjk whtl bhvj scbt bufethcf muttcfs, jasy tc ojarf. Yrcvhkj paradjtjr eoasshbheathcf, aoard ocn, systjd khanfcsthes afk ctljr rhel khspoay hftjrbaej, jas y kjmunnhfn afk dahftjfafej.
☊ Hftjrfathcfao stafkark N hfstruethcf ☊Uuppcrt prcnrad buoo-serjjf jkhthfn, muhot-hf =:2D dasshvj prcnrad spaej, eaf stcrj =99 prcnrads ☊ ZUM hftjrbaej, suppcrt Z khs` bhoj rjakhfn rjakhfn afk wrhthfn, kata mae`up afk Z khs` khrjet prcejsshfn (KFE).
☊ =; hfput pchfts, =; cutput cutput pchfts (eustcd), bojxhmoj afk ecfvjfhjft. ☊ Elhfjsj / Jfnohsl cpjrathcf hftjrbaej, ecdpojtj ecdpojtj ljop hfbcrdathcf, cpjrathcf dcrj ecfvjfhjft. ☊Uuppcrt duothojvjo cpjrathcf autlcrhty, ecfvjfhjft jquhpdjft dafanjdjft, whtl thdj ohdht systjd oce` bufethcf. =. Bufethcfs Hftrckuethcf
Mashe Bufethcfs Ecftrco fudmjr cb axjs
= axjs (\, W)
Fudmjr cb ohf`anj axjs
Buoo ohf`anj
Afaocn sphfkoj
=
Uphfkoj danfhbheathcf
:9% tc 1=9%
Dhfhdud hfstruethcf ufht
9.991 dd
Daxhdud ecddafk vaouj
± 88888888 Þ dhfhdud hfstruethcf ufht
Bastjst bjjk ratj
1=999 dd / dhf
]aphk bjjk cvjrrhkj
B9, =:%, :9%, 199%
Eutthfn bjjk ratj
1=999 dd / dhf
Bjjk ratj cvjrrhkj
19% tc 1:9%
Jojetrcfhe njar rathc
1 ~ 2::5:7 1 ~ 2::5:
Autcdathe
aeejojrathcf
afk Xjs
kjejojrathcf Ycshthcfhfn
N99 (ohfjar hftjrpcoathcf)
Hftjrpcoathcf
Utrahnlt ohfj (N91), are (N9= / N95 / N9:)
]jturf tc rjbjrjfej pchft
Autcdathe rjturf rjbjrjfej pchft (N=<)
OEK
5.: hfel [B[ OEK serjjf whtl rjscouthcf ;<9\5=9
DKH scbtwarj muttcf
Bhvj
Uhfnoj bjjk
\1, x19, x199
Ecddufheathcf Hftjrbaej
Z khs` hftjrbaej
Jxtjrfao lafk wljjo hftjrbaej
Xjs
H / C hftjrbaej
=;/=; (jxpafkamoj tc 82/82)
Yausj (s)
Xjs
Quash-stcp statj
Xjs
Quash-stcp
Xjs
Utcranj trhp elje`
Xjs
DKH cpjrathcf
Xjs, suppcrt duoth-sjndjft cpjrathcf
]jsjt
Xjs
Elje` cbb swhtel
Xjs
Uhfnoj ruf
Xjs
Yrcnrad prctjethcf swhtel
Xjs
Ujob-khanfcsthe bufethcf
Xjs
Jdjrnjfey stcp
Xjs
[CYEFE AZ[CDA[HCF [JELFCOCNX EC., O[K. O[K. [CYEFE^C]@ULCYICZ[
[email protected]
[CYEFE ^C]@ULCY AZ[CDA[HCF [JELFCOCNX EC., O[K. O[K.
Uhfnoj plasj AE==9R + 19% -1:%, :9Lz ± 1Lz. KE=;R / 1A N:9
pcwjr suppoy Eccrkhfatj Uystjd Autcdathe
[CYEFE^C]@ULCYICZ[
[email protected]
eccrkhfatj
systjd Xjs
Kjehdao pchft hfput
Xjs
Auxhohary bufethcf
D eckj eustcd kjbhfjk, dafuao / DKH / autcdathe dckj ecftrco s hfko hfkojj bcrw bcrwar ark k rjvj rjvjrs rsjj stc stc
ecft ecftrc rcoo ecco eccoaf aftt star startt afk afk stc stc .
Uphfkoj
Uphfkoj Bufethcf
Kcumoj Afaocn Uphfkoj
Jkht
Jkht bufethcf
Yaradjtjr,
Utcranj
=:2D
Fudmjr cb stcrjk prcnrads
F
khanfcsthe
mht-whsj
hfput,
prcnrad
jkhthfn,
DKH
[lj khspoay cb tlj prcnrad fadj Elhfjsj, Jfnohsl, fudmjrs, ecdmhfathcfs Occ` up bcr prcnrad ohfj
Xjs
U`hp cpthcfao prcnrad ohfjs
Xjs
Yrcnrad swhtel
Xjs
Khspoay
khspoay
Elhfjsj/ Jfnohsl
Yrcejsshfn thdj, fudmjr cb partsXjs parts Xjs Uphfkoj spjjk, D / U ecddafk
Xjs
5. Yjrdhsshcf Ojvjo
[lj EFE usj lhjrarelheao pjrdhsshcfs strueturj, varhcus typjs cb pjrdhsshcfs arj rjquhrjk bcr khbbjrjft usjr nrcups. ^ljrj Eoass M hs tlj daelhfj dafubaeturjr's autlcrhty, afk tlj daelhfj usjr's pjrdhsshcf eatjncry hs Eoass E afk B, afk tlj pjrdhsshcfs arj kjserhmjk as bcoocws7 Cpjrathcf Yaradjtjr dckhbheathcf Yaradjtjr Kata
afk E
Jkht dckj, stcp status, paradjtjr swhtel cpjf
rjstcrj (systjd hftjrfao Yaradjtjr
Yrcnrads
mae`up
Yjrdhsshcf Ctljr Ecfkhthcfs E Jkht dckj, stcp status, paradjtjr swhtel cpjf
mae`up
afk E
Jkht dckj, stcp status, paradjtjr swhtel cpjf
rjecvjry (Z khs` mae`up) Cpjf B
Jkht dckj cr autcdathe dckj, stcp statj
Erjatj, jkht, kjojtj
E
Jkht dckj, stcp statj, prcnrad swhtel cpjf
Yrcnrad hdpcrt
E
Jkht dckj, stcp statj, prcnrad swhtel cpjf
Yrcnrad jxpcrt
E
Jkht dckj, stcp statj, prcnrad swhtel cpjf
[lj
systjd
oce`
thdj
sjtthfn afk systjd oce` M Uystjd
bufethcf turfhfn cf Mcct pheturj ocakhfn
M
Elaptjr [wc Yafjo afk Hftjrbaej 1. Yafjo 1.1 Jkhthfn Muttcfs [CYEFE AZ[CDA[HCF [JELFCOCNX EC., O[K. O[K. [CYEFE^C]@ULCYICZ[
[email protected]
[CYEFE ^C]@ULCY AZ[CDA[HCF [JELFCOCNX EC., O[K. O[K.
[CYEFE^C]@ULCYICZ[
[email protected]
Muttcfs
Bufethcfs
]jsjt muttcf
EFE rjsjt, tlj prcnrad jfks prcejsshfn, eafejo tlj aoard, tjrdhfatj tlj hfput afk cutput.
Mae`spaej muttcf Kjojtj tlj elaraetjr mjlhfk cr hf brcft cb tlj eurscr, usj slhbt muttcf tc / kjojtj muttcf
elccsj.
Hfsjrt / Dckhby Zsj Ulhbt tc elccsj tc hfsjrt cr dckhby. muttcf JUE muttcf
Eafejo hfput afk eocsj tlj khaocnuj mcx, nc mae` tc prcnrad hftjrbaej.
Jftjr muttcf
Ecfbhrd hfput afk eocsj tlj khaocnuj mcx, nc mae` tc prcnrad hftjrbaej. Afk Yrcnrad jfkhfn dar` afk fjw ohfj bufethcf.
Ulhbt
[urf cf cr cbb Ulhbt bufethcf.
[aho stce`
Ecftrco tlj taho stce` hf dafuao dckj.
[cco elafnhfn
Elafnhfn tccos hf dafuao dckj.
\ Axhs nc lcdj \ Axhs nc lcdj hf dafuao dafuao dckj W Axhs nc lcdj lcdj Yanj
up/
kcwf
W Axhs nc lcdj lcdj hf dafuao dckj dckj
panj Hf jkht cr hfput dckj, jael prjss whoo turf up cr kcwf tjf prcnrad ohfjs.
Zp afk kcwf tlj Dcvj tlj eurscr tc tlj up, kcwf, rhnlt afk ojbt. (hf jkhthfn dckj, tljy eurscr
arj panj turfhfn muttcfs, axhs sjojethcf muttcfs hf ctljr dckjs)
Elaraetjr muttcf Elaraetjr hfput muttcfs. Yrjss Ulhbt tc aethvatj tlj sjecfk bufethcfs. bufethcfs. [lj fudmjr muttcfs eaf ecftrco tlj HC khrjetoy hf dafuao dckj.
1.= Bufethcf Muttcfs Muttcfs
Bufethcfs
Jkht
Jkhthfn Dckj, prjss anahf hftc tjael hf dckj, tlj ohnlt boasljs.
Autc
Autc dckj
DKH
DKH dckj
Lcdj
]jturf tc Lcdj pcshthcf
Uhfnoj
stjp
cr Uhfnoj stjp cr lafk wljjo dckj
lafk wljjo
[CYEFE AZ[CDA[HCF [JELFCOCNX EC., O[K. O[K. [CYEFE^C]@ULCYICZ[
[email protected]
[CYEFE ^C]@ULCY AZ[CDA[HCF [JELFCOCNX EC., O[K. O[K.
Dafuao
[CYEFE^C]@ULCYICZ[
[email protected]
Dafuao dckj
Bufethcf Uwhtel Bufethcf panj swhtel Uhfnoj Ohfj
Hf autc dckj, tlj swhtel bcr ruffhfn ohfj my ohfj cr ruf ecfthfucusoy.
Cpthcfao Utcp
Hf autc autc afk DKH dckj, wljf cpthcfao stcp hs aethvatjk, aethvatjk, tlj tlj ohnlt ohnlt boasljs afk D91 whoo stcp tlj prcnrad.
[cco Ujtthfn Djdcry Eoadp
Occsjf afk eoadp bhxturjs
Eccoaft
[urf cf afk cbb eccoaft
Uphfkoj
Raohk hf autc, lafk wljjo cr rjturfhfn tc rjbjrjfej pchft. Uwhtel mjtwjjf sphfkoj eoce`whsj turfhfn afk stcp. 19%--1:9% 」 Dafuao ratj cr bjjk ratj, jael prjss whoo hferjasj cr
Bjjk ]atj
kjerjasj 19%(19%-1:9%)
Bast ]atj Uwhtel Elafnj tlj Bjjk ratj bast (9-199%) Uphfkoj ]atj Lafk
Uphfkoj ratj :9%-1=9%
^ljjo Dafuaooy spjjk swhtel. Hf shfnoj lafk wljjo afk shfnoj stjp dckj,
]atj Uwhtel Utart
elafnj mjtwjjf \1, \19 afk \199 Eyeoj start, autc cr DKH prcnrad start
Yausj
Bjjk pausjs. Autc cr DKH prcnrad pausj
Elaptjr [lrjj Hftjrbaejs 5.1 Dahf Hftjrbaej
[lj dahf hftjrbaej slcws tlj amscoutj eccrkhfatjs, Daelhfj eccrkhfatjs, prcejsshfn thdj, parts fudmjrs, dafuao spjjk, sphfkoj spjjk afk prcnrad ecfkhthcf. D Upjjk7 dafuao spjjk B7 bjjk ratj U7 sphfkoj spjjk Zsj Bufethcf `jy tc swhtel bcr jael bufethcf panjs. 199% JKH[ U[CY B199
\
-;.1;1
W
-:.8>:
YCU
Y]N
[CCO
YA]A
B7=99.99
199%
U7:99
199%
E^=9[V1.FE
[CYEFE AZ[CDA[HCF [JELFCOCNX EC., O[K. O[K. [CYEFE^C]@ULCYICZ[
[email protected]
O799
HBC
ELJ@
[CYEFE ^C]@ULCY AZ[CDA[HCF [JELFCOCNX EC., O[K. O[K.
[CYEFE^C]@ULCYICZ[
[email protected]
F919 N:9 \199 W199 F9=9 D5 U599
[HDJ7
9799799
F959 N9 \;9 W;>
ECF[79
[9999
F9;9 N>2 Y951929 Q:9 ]9.1: F9:9 N>2 \=> W-9 ]-19.;;: Y1:99 Q:99 B5
N9
F929 N9 \199 W199
D9: D2: D98 D15 D11
F9>9 D: U9
D Upjjk7=99 UU7:99
UJ79
F9<9 D59
UY79.99
Mrhjb
Khspoay
DKH EO]
KFE EAFEJO
5.= Yrcnrad
JKH[
199% B199
U[CY
Amscoutj \
-;.1;1
YCU
Y]N
[CCO
B7=99.99
199%
U7:99
199%
E^=9[V1.FE
YA]A
HBC
ELJ@
O799
F919 N:9 \199 W199
W
-:.8>:
F9=9 D5 U599 F959 N9 \;9 W;> F9;9 N>2 Y951929 Q:9 ]9.1:
Daelhfj \
F9:9 N>2 \=> W-9 ]-19.;;: Y1:99 Q:99 B5
-;.1;1
F929 N9 \199 W199 F9>9 D: U9 F9<9 D59
W KFE EAFEJO
-:.8>: Ohfj Bhfk
DKH EO]
Y]N Ohst
ZUM Ohst
Hf tlj prcnrad dahf hftjrbaej, ht slcws tlj eurrjft wcr` phjej wcr`hfn prcnrads, prjss YnZp afk YnKf tc dcvj up cr kcwf tjf ohfjs. DKH EO] tc eojar up aoo tlj DKH prcnrads. Zsj DKH Mcark tc da`j shdpoj DKH prcnrad ohfjs bcr tjsthfn. Yrjss tc tlj mjnhffhfn afk lht
tc dcvj tlj eurscr
tc ruf tlj prcnrad. Hb tlj eurscr hs fct at tlj mjnhffhfn, lhtthfn
whoo da`j tlj prcnrads tc ruf starthfn brcd tlj ohfj wljrj tlj eurscr hs at. Fctj7 hb tlj DKH prcnrads jfks whtl D88, tljf ht whoo stcp mut fct rjstart.
[CYEFE AZ[CDA[HCF [JELFCOCNX EC., O[K. O[K. [CYEFE^C]@ULCYICZ[
[email protected]
[CYEFE ^C]@ULCY AZ[CDA[HCF [JELFCOCNX EC., O[K. O[K.
[CYEFE^C]@ULCYICZ[
[email protected]
5.=.1 Yrcnrad Ohst
JKH[
199% B199
U[CY
YCU
Y]N
[CCO
YA]A
HBC
ELJ@
FE Uhzj Ojbt Uhzj7
Y]N7 N>11.fe
<:>D
<9D/85>D 1
N>11.fe
19=M
N>=.FE
8;M
N>=1.FE
19
NNNN.FE
159M
LHNLUY~=.FE
=>5@M
OJB[CRJ].FE
8>=@M
FJ^OHBJ.FE
8=M
C999.FE
9M
C191=.FE
>1M
C1915.FE
=58M
??
Fjw
KJO
UARJ UARJ AU
Jxpcrt
5.=.= ZUM Yrcnrad Ohst
JKH[
199% B199
U[CY
YCU
Y]N
[CCO
ZUM Uhzj Ojbt Uhzj7
>995D
Y]N7 111=.fe
:<=D/>:<:D 1
111=.fe
=:>M
1;9 囤,FE
>>
=KJ\1.FE
:@M
=KJ\=.FE
19@M
2:2:.FE
5=M
<:<9.FE
=@M
8::1.FE
>;:M
MC[[OJ.FE
19;@M
ECOC]~1.FE
1@M
Kkk.fe
5=5M
??
ZUM KFE
KFE Eafejo
Uavj=FE
Yrjss ZUM KFE tc khrjetoy ruf tlj prcnrads hf tlj ZUM. Uavj=FE tc ocak prcnrads brcd ZUM tc tlj ecftrcoojr. 5.5 [cco
]jbjr tc ;.;.; 5.; Yaradjtjrs [CYEFE AZ[CDA[HCF [JELFCOCNX EC., O[K. O[K. [CYEFE^C]@ULCYICZ[
[email protected]
YA]A
HBC
ELJ@
[CYEFE ^C]@ULCY AZ[CDA[HCF [JELFCOCNX EC., O[K. O[K.
[CYEFE^C]@ULCYICZ[
[email protected]
Hf tlhs bufethcf, wj eaf sjt tlj cvjraoo paradjtjrs, paradjtjrs, hfput, cutput, khrjet ecftrco ecfbhnurathcf afk axhs paradjtjrs. Hf paradjtjrs, aoo ufht hs 9.991 Yrjss Dckhby tc elafnj paradjtjrs. Abtjr elafnhfn tlj oafnuanj, pojasj rjmcct tlj ecftrcoojr. 199% JKH[ U[CY YCU B199
Y991
Muzzjr
Y]N
[CCO
YA]A
HBC
97Khsamoj 17 Jfamoj
1
9~1
Y99=
Oafnuanj 97两斎
17 Jfnohsl(霉要釄吣)
1
9~1
Y995
Yrcnraddhfn dckj 97 Khadjtjr
9
17 ]akhus
9~1
Y99;
Ecuftjr savj 97Khsamoj 17 Jfamoj
1
9~1
Y99:
Ecuftjr dckj 97 Autc
17 Hfstruethcf
9
9~1
Y992
[hdjr Dckj 97 Aeeuduoathcf 17 Uhfnoj
9
9~1 NJ YA]A
Yhf HF
Yhf CZ[
Y=Y E[]O
Cvjraoo paradjtjrs hfeoukj, Y991 Muzzjr 97 Khsamoj 17 Jfamoj Y99= Oafnuanj 97 两斎
17 Jfnohsl(霉要釄吣)
Y995 Yrcnraddhfn dckj 97 Khadjtjr 17 ]akhus Y99; Ecuftjr savj 97 Khsamoj 17 Jfamoj Y99: Ecuftjr dckj 97 Autc 17 Hfstruethcf Y992 [hdjr Dckj 97 Aeeuduoathcf 17 Uhfnoj Y99> ]jsjt ]jsjt CZ[ Yhf 97 Khsamoj 17 Jfamoj Y99< Yrcnrad swhtel pcwjr cf 97 Eocsj 17 Cpjf Y998 Yaradjtjr Yaradjtjr swhtel pcwjr cf 17 eocsj 17 Cpjf Y919 Aeejss ojvjo Ycwjr cf 97 B 17E1 Y911 \ `jy khrjethcf swap 97 kjbauot 17 swap Y91= W `jy khrjethcf swap 97 kjbauot 17 swap Y915 Ucbt ohdht mjbcrj Djelafheao zjrc rjturf Y91; Ecftcur ecftrco Y91: N9 ]aphk Aeejojrathcf(dd/dhf/s) Y912 Bjjk Aeejojrathcf(dd/dhf/s) Aeejojrathcf(dd/dhf/s) Y91> JDE Aeejojrathcf(dd/dhf/s) Aeejojrathcf(dd/dhf/s) Y91< Uerjw [lrjak Aeejojrathcf Aeejojrathcf (dd/dhf/s) Y918 Bjjk ratj start Y9=9 Kjbauot Bjjk ratj [CYEFE AZ[CDA[HCF [JELFCOCNX EC., O[K. O[K. [CYEFE^C]@ULCYICZ[
[email protected]
66
ELJ@
[CYEFE ^C]@ULCY AZ[CDA[HCF [JELFCOCNX EC., O[K. O[K.
[CYEFE^C]@ULCYICZ[
[email protected]
Y9=1 B9 cb ]aphk spjjk Y9== Lafk Gcn ocw spjjk Y9=5 97 gcn lafkoj 17 stjp Y9=; 97 Fcrdao Lafkoj 17 Lafkoj wljjo cfoy Y9=: N9 Dckj 97 W Dckj 17 Mjjohfj Y9=2 N9 kjoay Y9=> Dax Ejftjr kjvhathcf aoocwjk ( 9.991) Y9=< N>1 N>= Euttjr bjjkhfn (9.991) Y9=8 N>1 N>= ]jtrjat adcuft (9.991) Y959 N>; N>: ]jtrjat adcuft (9.991) Y951 N>2 Bhfj turfhfn eyeoj Y95= N>2 N8= Kjbauot taho Y955 N>2 [cco afnoj p Y95; N>2 bhfj turfhfn (]) ud Y95: N>2 rcunl turfhfn dhf (Q) ud Y952 Uphfkoj 1 Upjjk hfhthao vaouj Y95> Uphfkoj = Upjjk hfhthao vaouj Y95< Uphfkoj 1 Upjjk at 19v Y958 Uphfkoj = Upjjk at 19v Y9;9 Ecfstaft ohfjar vjocehty dhfhdud spjjk Y9;1 Ecfstaft ohfjar vjocehty daxhdud spjjk Y9;= Jfeckjr Ohfjs Y921 [ahostce` [ahostce` puosj cutput thdj (9 ocfn) Y92= Zfkjbhfjk Y925 [ahostce` [ahostce` hf poaej kjtjethcf thdj (ds) Y92; [ahostce` [ahostce` sphfkoj 1 hftjroce`jk hftjroce`jk 97 khs 17 jf Y92: Utamoj pjrejftanj cb spjjk mjbcrj tlrjakhfn 5.;.1 Yhf HF
1 ~ =; hfput pcrt eaf mj ecfbhnurjk as `jy, ohdht, aoard, lafk wljjo axhs sjojethcf afk ctljr bufethcfs, =: ~ ;< hs bcr tlj jxpafshcf cb tlj hfput pcrt. [lj jxpafshcf cb tlj hfput pcrt hs socw, pojasj kc fct ecfbhnurj tlj ohdht, aoard afk ctljr bufethcfs fjjk tc mj prcdptoy kjtjetjk. Eurrjftoy tlj jxtjfshcf mcark hs ufavahoamoj. FCYJF djafs fcrdaooy cpjf. Yrjss Dckhby tc elafnj hftc FEOCUJ. Yrjss Dckhby tc elafnj Njfjrao hftc ctljr hfput bufethcfs tc kjbhfj tlj eurrjft hfput pcrt. Uuel as Jdjrnjfey stcp, rjsjt, start pausj, jkht, tjael hf, autc, DKH, rjturf tc rjbjrjfej, rjbjrjfej, stjp, dafuao eccoaft, sphfkoj sphffhfn eoce`whsj, sphfkoj sphffhfn ecuftjr eoce`whsj, sphfkoj stcp, eoadp occsj, lafk wljjo, prcmj prctjethcf, sphfkoj aojrt, axhs ohdht, lcdj swhtel, afk prcmj hfput, afk W-EY. W-EY. 199% JKH[ U[CY YCU Y]N [CCO YA]A HBC ELJ@ B199
YSHF 1
Njfjrao
FCYJF
YSHF =
Njfjrao
FCYJF
YSHF 5
Njfjrao
FCYJF
[CYEFE AZ[CDA[HCF [JELFCOCNX EC., O[K. O[K. [CYEFE^C]@ULCYICZ[
[email protected]
[CYEFE ^C]@ULCY AZ[CDA[HCF [JELFCOCNX EC., O[K. O[K.
[CYEFE^C]@ULCYICZ[
[email protected]
YSHF ;
Njfjrao
FCYJF
YSHF :
Njfjrao
FCYJF
YSHF 2
Njfjrao
FCYJF
YSHF >
Njfjrao
FCYJF
YSHF <
Njfjrao
FCYJF
YSHF 8
Njfjrao
FCYJF
YSHF 19
Njfjrao
FCYJF
YSHF 11
Njfjrao
FCYJF
YSHF 1=
Njfjrao
FCYJF
NJ YA]A
Yhf HF
Yhf CZ[
Y=Y E[]O
66
5.;.= Yhf CZ[
[lj cutput pcrt eaf mj ecfbhnurjk bcr sphfkoj eccohfn, eoadphfn, sphfkoj rctathcf, tlj status cb tlrjj-ecocr ohnlts. Zsj tlj `jy Dckhby tc sjt tlj bufethcf. 199% JKH[ U[CY YCU B199
YSCZ[91
Uphfkoj1 E^
YSCZ[9=
Njfjrao
YSCZ[95
Njfjrao
YSCZ[9;
Njfjrao
YSCZ[9:
Njfjrao
YSCZ[92
Njfjrao
YSCZ[9>
Njfjrao
YSCZ[9<
Njfjrao
YSCZ[98
Njfjrao
YSCZ[19
Njfjrao
YSCZ[11
Njfjrao
YSCZ[1=
Njfjrao
NJ YA]A
Yhf HF
Yhf CZ[
Y]N
[CCO
YA]A
Y=Y E[]O
HBC
ELJ@
66
5.;.5 Y=Y E[]O
Hf tlhs dckj, wj eaf sjt tc khrjetoy ecftrco cutput hf dafuao dckj. [lj trhnnjr scurej eaf mj muttcf cr hfputs. [rhnnjrhfn [rhnnjrhfn djtlck eaf mj sjob-oce`hfn cr gcnnhfn. 199% JKH[ U[CY B199
YSCZ[91
FC ECF[]CO
YCU
Y]N
[CCO
Ujob-oce`hfn
[CYEFE AZ[CDA[HCF [JELFCOCNX EC., O[K. O[K. [CYEFE^C]@ULCYICZ[
[email protected]
YA]A
HBC
ELJ@
[CYEFE ^C]@ULCY AZ[CDA[HCF [JELFCOCNX EC., O[K. O[K.
[CYEFE^C]@ULCYICZ[
[email protected]
YSCZ[9=
FC ECF[]CO
Ujob-oce`hfn
YSCZ[95
FC ECF[]CO
Ujob-oce`hfn
YSCZ[9;
FC ECF[]CO
Ujob-oce`hfn
YSCZ[9:
FC ECF[]CO
Ujob-oce`hfn
YSCZ[92
FC ECF[]CO
Ujob-oce`hfn
YSCZ[9>
FC ECF[]CO
Ujob-oce`hfn
YSCZ[9<
FC ECF[]CO
Ujob-oce`hfn
YSCZ[98
FC ECF[]CO
Ujob-oce`hfn
YSCZ[19
FC ECF[]CO
Ujob-oce`hfn
YSCZ[11
FC ECF[]CO
Ujob-oce`hfn
YSCZ[1=
FC ECF[]CO
Ujob-oce`hfn
NJ YA]A
Yhf HF
Yhf CZ[
Y=Y E[]O
66
5.;.; Axhs Yaradjtjrs
JKH[
199% B199
U[CY
YCU
Y]N
[CCO
YA]A
HBC
ELJ@
Y=1; \ axhs dctcr puosjs pjr rctathcf ehreoj =
1~888888888
Y=1: \ axhs ojfntl pjr rctathcf ehreoj (9.991) 1
1~888888888
Y=12 \ axhs prcnrad zjrc-pchft daelhfj eccrkhfatjs 9
-888888888~888888888
Y=1> \ axhs raphk(N9) spjjk ;999
1~888888
Y=1< \ axhs Bjjk ratj dax ;999
1~888888
Y=18 \ axhs GCN bast spjjk =999
1~888888
??
\ YA]A
W YA]A
66
Yojasj sjj tlj bcoocwhfn bcrduoa bcr jojetrhe rathc Jxadpoj 1/7 Uerjw [rafsdhsshcf. Utjppjr dctcr hs <99 ppr, ppr, cr sjrvc sjr vc dctcr hs <99 puosjs pjr ecdpojtj 529 Kjnrjj rctathcf. (4F) Ojak Uerjw / Maoo Uerjw phtel hs 9.= dd (4Y P * 1999 T) ]jkuethcf rathc hs 171. (4]) Bcrduoa7 Njarhfn ]athc 4 F / (Y * ]) [ljf bcr F 4 <99 Y 4 (9.= * 1999), ] 4 171. [CYEFE AZ[CDA[HCF [JELFCOCNX EC., O[K. O[K. [CYEFE^C]@ULCYICZ[
[email protected]
[CYEFE ^C]@ULCY AZ[CDA[HCF [JELFCOCNX EC., O[K. O[K.
[CYEFE^C]@ULCYICZ[
[email protected]
<99/ (9.= * 1999 * 1) 4 ;/ 1 Jxadpoj =/7 ]ae` afk Yhfhcf. Utjppjr dctcr hs 2999 ppr, cr sjrvc dctcr hs 2999 puosjs pjr ecdpojtj 529 Kjnrjj rctathcf. (4F) Yhfhcf Njar las =9 tjjtl. (4N) Dckuoj(4D) hs = K 4 F/ N*D* ω*1999, nhvjf tlat K 4 2999 / =9*=*5.1;1:8=2:5:<8< *1999 ↝ K 4 19> / ==;1 Jxadpoj 5/7 ]ctary Afnoj Utjppjr dctcr hs :999 ppr, cr sjrvc dctcr hs :999 puosjs pjr ecdpojtj 529 Kjnrjj rctathcf. (4F) ]jkuethcf rathc cb njarmcx hs 1759. (4]) [ljf7 Afnoj A 4 F * ] / (529 * 1999) [ljrjbcrj A 4 :999*59 / 529 * 1999 ↝ A 4 1:9999 / 529999 4 1: / 52 5.: Hfbcrdathcf
[lhs part whoo slcw aoard hfbcrdathcf, systjd dafanjdjft, mrja` pchft hfbcrdathcf afk ocnc ocakhfn bufethcf. Zsuaooy prjss ]jsjt tc ufoce` tlj aoard, hb ht kcjs fct wcr`, rjmcct tlj ecftrcoojr. ecftrcoojr. 199% JKH[ U[CY YCU Y]N [CCO YA]A B199
AOA]D FC.
HBC
ELJ@
Ecftjft
AOA]D DN
UXU DN
M]JA@ HFBC
OCNC HD
5.:.1 Uystjd DN
Yaradjtjr afk prcnrad swhtel jfamoj usjr tc elafnj paradjtjrs afk prcnrads. B ojvjo kcjs fct fjjk eckj, kjbauotjk eckj bcr M afk E ojvjo hs <<<<<<. Dcvhfn tc lhnljr ojvjo rjquhrjs tlj eckj, wlhoj dcvhfn tc ocwjr o jvjo kcjs fct fjjk cfj. Brcd lhnl tc ocw ojvjo hs M, E afk B. JKH[
U[CY
199% B199
YCU
Y]N
[CCO
Cpjrathfn Autlcrhty afk Utatj Uwhtel [CYEFE AZ[CDA[HCF [JELFCOCNX EC., O[K. O[K. [CYEFE^C]@ULCYICZ[
[email protected]
YA]A
HBC
ELJ@
[CYEFE ^C]@ULCY AZ[CDA[HCF [JELFCOCNX EC., O[K. O[K.
[CYEFE^C]@ULCYICZ[
[email protected]
Yaradjtjr swhtel7 EOCUJ Yrcnrad swhtel7 EOCUJ Cpjratcr7 17 Ecftrcoojr Uystjd Hfbcrdathcf Yrckuet dckjo EFE[ Ucbtwarj vjrshcf 9.=.: Yumohsljk Katj7 Aun 59 =91> ??
YA]A U^
Y]N U^
Yrjss CY OJRJO afk tc elafnj tlj cpjrathcf ojvjo. 199% JKH[ U[CY B199
CY OJRJO
YCU
Y]N
[CCO
66
YA]A
HBC
ELJ@
Cpjrathfn Autlcrhty afk Utatj Uwhtel Yaradjtjr swhtel7 EOCUJ Yrcnrad swhtel7 EOCUJ
CY OJRJO Ujojet
Cpjratjr7 17Ecftrcoojr
97Cpjratcr B 17 Ecftrcoojr E
Uystjd Hfbcrdathcf
=7 Mushfjss M
▿
▽
Yrckuet dckjo EFE[ JUE C@ Ucbtwarj vjrshcf 9.=.: Yumohsljk Katj7 Aun 59 =91> ??
YA]A U^
Y]N U^
CY OJRJO
66
5.:.= Ocnc Hdpcrt
Elafnhfn cb ocnc rjquhrjs M ojvjo pjrdhsshcf. Da`j tlj pheturj as mdp bcrdat, shzj ;<9*5=9. Fadj ht start.mdp afk savj ht hf tlj ZUM. Yrjss OCNC HD tc elafnj tlj mcct pheturj. Fctj7 Xcu Xcu dust aoways usj tlj rhnlt bcrdat cb pheturj. hb ycu usj tlj wrcfn bcrdat, tlj ecftrcoojr whoo hftrhnuj a sjob-prct sjob-prctjethfn jethfn seljdj afk ycu whoo fjvjr elafnj tlj mcct pheturj afydcrj. 199% JKH[ U[CY YCU Y]N [CCO YA]A HBC ELJ@ B199
AOA]D FC.
Ecftjft
[CYEFE AZ[CDA[HCF [JELFCOCNX EC., O[K. O[K. [CYEFE^C]@ULCYICZ[
[email protected]
[CYEFE ^C]@ULCY AZ[CDA[HCF [JELFCOCNX EC., O[K. O[K.
[CYEFE^C]@ULCYICZ[
[email protected]
CY OJRJO Ujojet
Fjjk M Ojvjo Ojvjo
C@
AOA]D DN
UXU DN
JUE
M]JA@ HFBC
OCNC HD
5.:.5 Mrja` Hfbcrdathcf
Elje` tlj prcnrad ohfj oast cpjratjk. Zsj tlhs tc ecfthfuj tlj cpjrathcf hb tlj prcnrad hs stcppjk aeehkjftaooy. JKH[
199% B199
U[CY
YCU
Y]N
[CCO
YA]A
HBC
ELJ@
Mrja` Ohfj7=
??
M]JA@ HFBC
5.:.; [hdj Oce`
Elafnhfn cb tlj tjst thdj cb tlj ecftrcoojr whoo rjquhrj a M ojvjo. Kc fct bcrnjt tlj M ojvjo eckj cfej ycu elafnj ht. Hb tlj tjst thdj hs up, ecftaet tlj sjoojr cb ycurs tc nhvj tlj eckj. 199% JKH[ U[CY YCU Y]N [CCO YA]A HBC B199
[CYEFE AZ[CDA[HCF [JELFCOCNX EC., O[K. O[K. [CYEFE^C]@ULCYICZ[
[email protected]
ELJ@
[CYEFE ^C]@ULCY AZ[CDA[HCF [JELFCOCNX EC., O[K. O[K.
[CYEFE^C]@ULCYICZ[
[email protected]
[rhao [hdj7 [hdj7 Fc Ohdht [JO7<<<<<<<<
??
[hdj [rhao
[rhao UJ[
[JO UJ[
YAUU^C]K
5.2 Elje`(Khanfcshs)
[lhs part hfeoukjs hfput afk cutput kh anfcshs. 5.2.1 Hfput Khanfcshs
^ljf tlj hfput shnfao hs vaohk, tlj ehreoj whoo mj bhoojk. [lj kjbhfhthcf cb tlj hfput pcrt hs slcwf ufkjr tlj ehreoj. JKH[
199% B199
U[CY
\91
\9= Njfjrao
\9:
Njfjrao
Njfjrao
Njfjrao \1> Njfjrao \=1
YHF Rhjw
Njfjrao
Njfjrao
Njfjrao \=9
Njfjrao \=5
Njfjrao YCZ[ Rhjw
Njfjrao \12
\18
\== Njfjrao
\1=
\1:
\1<
Njfjrao
Njfjrao
Njfjrao
Njfjrao \=;
Njfjrao OE[ KA[A KA[A
ELJ@
Njfjrao
Njfjrao
Njfjrao
HBC
\9<
\11
\1;
YA]A
\9;
\9>
\19
\15
[CCO
Njfjrao
Njfjrao
Njfjrao
Y]N
\95
\92
\98
YCU
YZY KA[A1 KA[A1
[CYEFE AZ[CDA[HCF [JELFCOCNX EC., O[K. O[K. [CYEFE^C]@ULCYICZ[
[email protected]
Njfjrao YZY KA[A= KA[A=
[CYEFE ^C]@ULCY AZ[CDA[HCF [JELFCOCNX EC., O[K. O[K.
[CYEFE^C]@ULCYICZ[
[email protected]
5.2.= Cutput Khanfcshs
JKH[
199% B199
U[CY
X91
X9=
Uphfkoj 1 E^ X92 Njfjrao
Njfjrao X1> Njfjrao
Njfjrao
X12
X18
X==
Njfjrao X=9
Njfjrao X=5
Njfjrao YCZ[ Rhjw
Njfjrao
Njfjrao
Njfjrao
X=1
X1=
X1:
X1<
Njfjrao
Njfjrao
Njfjrao
ELJ@
X9<
X11
X1;
HBC
Njfjrao
Njfjrao
Njfjrao
X15
YA]A
X9;
X9>
X19 Njfjrao
[CCO
Njfjrao
Njfjrao
X98
Y]N
X95 Njfjrao
X9:
??
YCU
Njfjrao X=;
Njfjrao U^H[EL
Njfjrao
EOCUJ AOO
Elaptjr Bcur Cpjrathcf ;.1 Daelhfj Wjrc
Yrjss
afk fcw tlj systjd systjd hs hf lcdj dckj. [lj ohnlt hs cf. [ljf prjss \+, W+ tc nc mae`
tc lcdj pcshthcf. Hb tlj lcdj swhtel hs fct sjt, tljf tlj ecftrcoojr whoo nhvj aojrt. ;.= Dafuao Dckj
Yrjss
afk fcw tlj systjd systjd hs hf dafuao dckj. [lj ohnlt hs cf.[ljf cf.[ljf prjss \+, \-, W+,W-,
ecfthfucusoy tc da`j tlj axhs dcvj aeecrkhfnoy. aeecrkhfnoy. Utcp prjss tlj muttcf afk tlj dcvjdjft whoo mj stcppjk hddjkhatjoy. hddjkhatjo y. Yrjss
tc swhtel mjtwjjf dafuao ocw spjjk afk lhnl spjjk. ]jao
spjjk hs abbjetjk my spjjk ratj. ;.5 Uhfnoj Utjp cr Lafk ^ljjo Dckj
Yrjss
tc jftjr shfnoj stjp dckj hb Y99=5 paradjtjr paradjtjr hs 10 tc jftjr lafk wljjo dckj hs
Y99=5 hs 9. [ljf prjss \+, \-, W+,W-tc da`j tlj axhs dcvj aeecrkhfnoy. Jael prjss whoo da`j tlj axhs tc dcvj tlj sdaoojst prcnraddhfn ufht. Yrjss
tc da`j ht duothpoy my 19, 199 afk 199
thdjs, wlhel hs \1, \19 afk \199. ;.; Eccrkhfatjs Ujtthfn ;.;.1 Ujt Yrcnrad ]JB [CYEFE AZ[CDA[HCF [JELFCOCNX EC., O[K. O[K. [CYEFE^C]@ULCYICZ[
[email protected]
[CYEFE ^C]@ULCY AZ[CDA[HCF [JELFCOCNX EC., O[K. O[K.
[CYEFE^C]@ULCYICZ[
[email protected]
Djtlck 17 Ujt tlj eurrjft daelhfj eccrkhfatjs as ]JB. Djtlck =7 hf DKH dckj, wljf tlj fjarjst N:9 hs jxjeutjk ;.;.= \ afk W axhs daelhfj eccrkhfatj
Hb tlj daelhfj kcjs fct lavj lcdj bufethcf, tljf daelhfj eccrkhfatjs eaf mj sjt dafuaooy. Hb tlj dctcr ocsj stjp cr tlj pcshthcf hs fct aeeuratj kuj tc ctljr rjascfs, a bhxjk pcshthcf eaf mj usjk tc sjt tlj daelhfj eccrkhfatjs tc rhnlt. ;.;.5 ^cr` Eccrkhfatjs [cco Ujtthfn
Djtlck 17 Elccsj \/W Axhs wcr` eccrkhfatjs, hfput tlj fudmjr afk prjss Jftjr, tljf tlj systjd whoo ecfshkjr tlj eurrjft pcshthcf cb tcco pchft as tlhs eccrkhfatj. Djtlck =7 Hf DKH dckj, N:9 eaf aosc mj usjk as sjtthfn wcr` eccrkhfatjs, tlj fjarjst N:9 hf tlj prcnrad hs ecuft.
Bcr jxadpoj, jxadpoj, N:9 \199W=99, abtjr tlhs ohfj hs jxjeutjk, tlj eurrjft tcco
thp eccrkhfatjs whoo mj \199.999 W=99.999, afk tlj eurrjft daelhfj eccrkhfatjs whoo mj sjt as prcnrad ]JB. ;.;.; [cco Cbbsjt afk [cco Ujtthfn
Hf Dafuao cr Uhfnoj Utjp dckj, [urf tlj hftjrbaej hftc [cco tc sjt tlj tcco cbbsjt. [lhs systjd usj Y[U^EU (Yrj-eut tc Ujtthfn ^cr` Eccrkhfatj Uystjd). 199% JKH[ U[CY YCU B199
Amscoutj
[cco
Y]N
W
\
[CCO
\
-;.1;1
91
9.999
9.999
W
-:.8>:
9=
9.999
9.999
95
9.999
9.999
9;
9.999
9.999
9:
9.999
9.999
Daelhfj \
-;.1;1
92
9.999
9.999
W
-:.8>:
9>
9.999
9.999
9<
9.999
9.999
W Djasurj
\ Djasurj
W HFE
YA]A
\ HFE
HBC
ELJ@
Eojar AOO
1) Axhs \ [cco Ujtthfn
(1) Jftjr tlj dafuao cr lafk wljjo dckj, afk sjojet tlj tcco cbbsjt fudmjr whtl 〙YnZp】 afk
〙YnKf】. Yrjss
tc sjojet tlj tcco.
(=) Utart tlj sphfkoj, dcvj tlj turrjt, eut a sdaoo sjethcf cb tlj cutjr ehreoj cr hffjr lcoj cf tlj raw datjrhao. (5) Jxht tlj tcco aocfn tlj W axhs, stcp tlj sphfkoj, afk djasurj tlj khadjtjr. khadjtjr. (;) Yrjss 〙\ Djasurjdjft】 (B=), jftjr tlj khadjtjr, khadjtjr, prjss tlj Jftjr muttcf =) Axhs W [cco Ujtthfn [CYEFE AZ[CDA[HCF [JELFCOCNX EC., O[K. O[K. [CYEFE^C]@ULCYICZ[
[email protected]
[CYEFE ^C]@ULCY AZ[CDA[HCF [JELFCOCNX EC., O[K. O[K.
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(1) Jftjr tlj dafuao cr lafk wljjo dckj, afk sjojet tlj tcco cbbsjt fudmjr whtl 〙YnZp】 afk
〙YnKf】. Yrjss
tc sjojet tlj tcco.
(:) Utart tlj sphfkoj, dcvj tlj turrjt, eut cut tlj jfk cb tlj raw datjrhao. (2) Jxht tlj tcco aocfn tlj \ axhs, stcp tlj sphfkoj, afk djasurj tlj khadjtjr. khadjtjr. (>) Yrjss 〙W Djasurjdjft】 (B1), jftjr tlj ojfntl, ojfntl, prjss tlj Jftjr Jftjr muttcf. 5)
\, W Uhduotafjcus Djdcry cb tlj [cco Ujtthfn
(1) Jftjr tlj dafuao cr lafk wljjo dckj, afk sjojet tlj tcco cbbsjt fudmjr whtl 〙YnZp】 afk
〙YnKf】. Yrjss
tc sjojet tlj tcco.
(=) Utart tlj sphfkoj, dcvj tlj turrjt, eut a sdaoo sjethcf cb tlj cutjr ehreoj cr hffjr lcoj cf tlj rcunl datjrhao. (5) Yrjss tlj
tc djdcrhzj tlj \-axhs pcshthcf at tlhs dcdjft, afk
ohnlt boasljs.
(;) Dcvj tlj turrjt, tlj eut cut cb tlj jfk cb raw datjrhao. (:) Yrjss tlj
tc djdcrhzj tlj W-axhs pcshthcf at tlhs thdj, afk
ohnlt boasljs.
(2) Jxht tlj tcco afk stcp tlj sphfkoj. (>) Djasurj tlj khadjtjr, prjss 〙\ Djasurjdjft】 (B=), jftjr tlj khadjtjr afk prjss tlj Jftjr Muttcf. (<) Djasurjdjft tlj ojfntl, prjss 〙W Djasurjdjft】 (B1), jftjr tlj ojfntl, ojfntl, prjss tlj Jftjr Jftjr Muttcf. (8) Hb ht hs fct h f dafuao cr lafk wljjo dckj, tlhs djtlck eaf fct mj usjk. ;)
[cco Cbbsjt Kjvhathcf
Hb tlj shzj cb tlj wcr` phjej hs tcc oarnj cr tcc sdaoo abtjr djasurhfn tlj wcr` phjej , ycu eaf dckhby tlj tcco cbbsjt hferjdjftaooy. hferjdjftaooy. (1) Jftjr hftc tlj 〙[cco】 hftjrbaej. Hf autc dckj, usj 〙↑】 afk 〙↕】 tc sjojet tcco cbbsjt cbbsjt fudmjr. (=) Yrjss 〙W Hfe】 cr 〙\ Hfe】 tc hfput kjvhathcf vaouj. Bcr \ khrjethcf, Hb tlj cutjr ehreoj hs oarnjr tlaf jxpjetjk, tljf hfput fjnathvj vaouj0 hb sdaoojr tlaf jxpjetjk, tljf hfput pcshthvj vaouj. Hb tlj hffjr ehreoj hs oarnjr tlaf jxpjetjk, hfput pcshthvj vaouj0 hb sdaoojr tlaf jxpjetjk, hfput fjnathvj vaouj. Bcr W axhs, hb oarnjr tlaf jxpjetjk, tljf hfput fjnathvj vaouj, hb sdaoojr tlaf jxpjetjk, tljf hfput pcshthvj vaouj. Fctj7 Hb tlj prcnrad hs sthoo cf, tljf cbbsjt whoo fct mj vaohk hddjkhatjoy, ht whoo mjecdj vaohk abtjr tlj ecrrjspcfkhfn [ eckj mj jxjeutjk. ^htl tlj [cco cbbsjt, wcr` phjej eccrkhfatj arj fct fjejssarhoy sjt. ;.: Yrcnrad Wjrc
Hf crkjr tc prjvjft ecoohshcf wljf elafnhfn tlj tcco, ht hs njfjraooy fjejssary tc elafnj tlj tcco hf a bhxjk pcshthcf cb tlj daelhfj. [lhs bhxjk pcshthcf hs tlj prcnrad zjrc. [lj prcnrad zjrc hs masjk cf tlj daelhfj eccrkhfatj, afk ycu eaf elje` afk dckhby tlj daelhfj zjrc hf axhs paradjtjr. At tlj sadj thdj, N:9 whoo aosc sjt tlhs paradjtjr. Hf dafuao dckj, prjss 〙\ Yrcnrad Wjrc】 cr 〙W Yrcnrad Wjrc】, tlj tcco thp whoo rjturf tc tlj
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prcnrad zjrc cb jael axhs at N9 spjjk. Hf tlj prcnrad, usj N=2 tc rjturf tc prcnrad zjrc. ;.2 [lrjj Njar Uwhtel
Ujt hf hfput ecfbhnurathcf ecfbhnurathcf tc aethvatj a ethvatj tlrjj njar swhtel dckj. [lj systjd usj twc- ohfj ecftrco. Utatj 17
D@1 hs cf, D@= hs cbb
Utatj =7
D@1 hs cbb, D@= hs cbb
Utatj 57
D@1 hs cbb, D@= hs cf
Hf Utatj 1, prcnrad rufs afk sphfkoj sphfs. Hf Utatj =, prcnrad stcps afk sphfkoj eaf s phf. Hf statj 5, prcnrad stcps afk sphfkoj eaf fct sphf. Hf statj =, tlj prcnrad stcps. Yrjss Eyeoj start muttcf, tlj ecftrcoojr whoo nhvj aojrt. Uwhtel brcd Utatj = hftc Utatj 1, prcnrad starts. Uwhtel brcd Utatj 5 tc Utatj =, sphfkoj sphfs. Hb elafnj tlj sphfkoj bjaturjs hf Utatj 5, sphfkoj rufs at fjw bjaturjs. bjaturjs. ;.> Autc Cpjrathcf
[lhs ecftrcoojr suppcrts Autc cpjrathcf afk DKH cpjrathcf. A prcnrad eaf mj jkhtjk khrjetoy cf ecftrcoojr, cr hdpcrt brcd ZUM, cr usj ZUMKFE tc ruf prcnrads hf tlj ZUM. DKH cpjrathcf hs usjk bcr tjst cr bcr ruffhfn prcnrads cfoy las a bjw eckj ohfjs(sdaoojr tlaf =99@M)
▽ Lcw tc stcp af autc cpjrathcf cpjrathcf Yrcnrad tlj stcp eckjs, hfeoukhfn D99, D91 D9=/D59 D997 Abtjr tlj ohfj whtl D99 hs jxjeutjk, jxjeutjk, autc cpjrathcf stcps afk aoo dckao hfbcrdathcf hs savjk, Yrjss eyeoj start tc ruf tlj prcnrad anahf. D917 ^ljf quash stcp swhtel hs cf, tljf D91 hs tlj sadj whtl D9=0 wljf tlj quash stcp swhtel hs cbb, tljf D91 hs hfvaohk. D9=7 Abtjr tlj ohfj whtl D9= hs jxjeutjk, tlj dahf prcnrad stcps afk tlj eurscr stcps at tlj eurrjft prcnrad ohfjs. D597 Abtjr tlj ohfj whtl D59 hs jxjeutjk, tlj dahf prcnrad stcps afk tlj eurscr stcps at tlj mjnhffhfn cb tlj prcnrad ohfjs. [lj sphfkoj afk eccoaft eocsj.
▽D88 cb tlj dahf prcnrads ^ljf prcnrads arj ruffhfn, hb tljrj hs D88 hf tlj dahf prcnrads, abtjr tlhs ohfj hs jxjeutjk, tlj prcnrad whoo s`hp tc tlj mjnhffhfn cb tlj prcnrad afk `jjp ruffhfn. [lj ecuftjr whoo akk cfj afk `jjps ruffhfn tlj dahf prcnrads. Hb fudmjr O hs sjt, tljf tlj prcnrad whoo mj ruf my O thdjs.
[CYEFE AZ[CDA[HCF [JELFCOCNX EC., O[K. O[K. [CYEFE^C]@ULCYICZ[
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[CYEFE ^C]@ULCY AZ[CDA[HCF [JELFCOCNX EC., O[K. O[K.
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Elaptjr Bhvj Yrcnraddhfn Eckj :.1 Bufethcfao Djafhfn cb Akkrjss Uydmco afk Kata Ohst Bufethcf
Akkrjss
Djafhfn
Kata ]afnj
Yrcnrad
C
Yrcnrad Fudmjr
1-8888
Ohfj Fudmjr
F
Ohfj Fudmjr
Fc ohdht
Bufethcf
N
Kjbhfj tlj aethcf cr status (ohfjar cr ehreuoar)
9-88
\
W
Uhzj Raouj
Z ^ Axhs dcvjdjft ecddafk ]
H
±888888.888 ±888888.888
Are rakhus vaouj @
Are Ejftjr Eccrkhfatjs, N1= are ejftrao pchft ±888888.888
Bjjk ]atj Bjjk ]atj
B
Bjjk ratj
9.991-1:999.9
Uphfkoj
U
Uphfkoj spjjk
9-8888
[cco
[
[cco fudmjr
Auxhohary
D
Auxhohary bufethcf
9-88
Yausj thdj
9-888888.888U
Yausj
Y/\
Yaradjtjrs
Y/Q/]
Bhxjk eyeoj paradjtjrs
:.= N Eckj Ohst N Eckj
[jad
Bufeth cfs
N99 *
Bast pcshthcfhfn, tlj spjjk eaf mj sjt hf paradjtjrs. (Crhnhfao)
N91
Ohfjar hftjrpcoathcf, ruf my nhvjf B
N9=
9=
Eoce`whsj hftjrpcoathcf, tlj spjjk aeecrkhfn tc tlj nhvjf B, hb tljrj hs a fcf-poafj axhs, aeecrkhfn tc tlj sphrao hftjrpcoathcf cpjrathcf
N95
Ecuftjreoce`whsj ehreuoar hftjrpcoathcf, tlj sadj as amcvj
N9:
Eoce`whsj hftjrpcoathcf my passhfn a dhkkoj pchft
N9;
Kjoay, Kjoay, paradjtjr \ hf sjecfks, paradjtjr Y hf dhoohsjecfks, rjscouthcf : ds
N=<
Mae` tc djelafheao zjrc, hfvcovhfn tlj paradjtjrs cb spjjk, rjturf khrjethcf afk dckj Mae` tc prcnra tc prcnrad d zjrc
N=2 N5= N55 N:9
99 Fcf-Dckao
Uhfnoj-pchft tlrjakhfn Ecfstaft-phtel tlrjakhfn Ujt ^cr` ^cr` phjej eccrkhfatjs afk prcnrad zjrc
N51
U`hp bufethcf
N>;
Jfk baej kjjp lcoj occp
N>: N89
95
Uoct occp Ehreuoar occp
N8=
Uerjw tlrjak occp
N8;
Jfk baej occp
N>1
Eyohfkrheao baej tlhe` occp
N>= N>9
9;
N>2 N== N<9
Jfk baej tlhe` occp Bhfhsl daelhfhfn occp Ecdpojx serjw tlrjak occp
9>
Occp Mjnhfs Occp Jfks
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