Makalah sosiologi hukum MASALAH SOSIAL SEBAGAI INSPIRASI PEMBANGUNAN DAN PERUBAHAN (KASUS KEMISKINAN) DAN UPAYA PEMECAHANNYA Maa Kuliah ! Sosiologi Hukum Dos"# ! Kaa P"#ga#a$ Pu%i s&uku$ kami 'a#%aka# k" hai$a Allah S*+ ,"$ka $ahma a# ka$u#ia-N&a sa&a a'a m"#&"l"saika# makalah "#a#g MASALAH SOSIAL SEBAGAI INSPIRASI PERUBAHAN (KASUS KEMISKINAN) a# UPAYA PEMECAHANNYA. Dalam makalah i#i sa&a m"m,ahas l",ih alam "#a#g MASALAH SOSIAL SEBAGAI INSPIRASI PERUBAHAN (KASUS KEMISKINAN) a# UPAYA PEMECAHANNYA. PEMECAHANNYA. Mulai a$i laa$ ,"laka#g k"miski#a# hi#gga u'a&a u#uk m"#gaasi k"miski#a# i I#o#"sia. Sa&a ,"$ha$a' makalah i#i a'a ,"$ma#/aa ,agi kia s"mua. Sa&a m"#&aa$i ,ah0a makalah i#i masih %auh a$i ,aik. Ol"h ka$"#a iu+ sa$a# a# k$iik sa#ga sa&a ha$a'ka#.
.
DA1*AR ISI Kaa P"#ga#a$222222222222222222222222..3 Da/a$ Isi22222.2222222222222222222222.4 BAB 3 PENDAHULUAN...........................................................................5 D"/i#isi K"miski#a#222222222222222222222......6 BAB II PEMBAHASAN.............................................................................7 A.Laa$ ,"laka#g.......................................................................................7 B.P"#a#ga#a# masalah ,"$,asis mas&a$aka..........................................8 C.U'a&a '"#a#ga#a# masalah k"mas&a$akaa#......................................9
D.*"o$i "#a#g '"m,a#gu#a# #asio#al...................................................33 E.Sui "#a#g '"$u,aha#.......................................................................35 1.P"$u,aha# 'a$aigma ilmu sosia$i.......................................................36 G.P$os"s '"$u,aha# sosial alam ko#"ks glo,al...................................37 BAB III PENU*UP..................................................................................38 A.K"sim'ula#...........................................................................................38 B.Sa$a#....................................................................................................38 Da/a$ Pusaka........................................................................................39
BAB 3 P"#ahulua# Di alam masalah k"miski#a# "$kai "#ga# ko#s"' sa#a$ hiu'+ '"#a'aa#+ is$i,usi '"#a'aa#+ s$ai/ikasi sosial+ s$uku$ sosial a# ,"#uk i/"$"#siasi sosial &a#g lai#. Di alam '"#guku$a# i#gka k"miski#a#+ ko#s"' a$a/ hiu' (l":"l o/ li:i#g) misal#&a+ iak ;uku' iliha a$i suu '"#a'aa#+ aka# "a'i %uga '"$lu m"liha /ako$ '"#iika#+ k"s"haa#+ '"$umaha# a# ko#isi sosial &a#g lai#. K"#&aaa# "$s",u m"#gaki,aka# '"#"kaa# &a#g igu#aka# u#uk m"#guku$ i#gka k"miski#a# %uga ,"$:a$iasi.Masalah sosial aalah suau k"iaks"suaia# a#a$a u#su$-u#su$ k",ua&aa# aau mas&a$aka+ &a#g m"m,aha&aka# k"hiu'a# k"lom'ok sosial.
Masalah sosial i I#o#"sia "$%ai s"'"$i li#gka$a# s"a#+ P"m"$i#ah "lah m"m,ua '"$au$a#"#a#gaka# m"m,"$i "#a 'aa o$a#g &a#g ,"$s""kah 'aa '"#g"mis+ a# '"m"$i#ah %uga si,uk "#ga# k",i%aka#-k",i%aka# &a#g "lah a# aka# i,ua &a#g ,"$kaia# "#ga# masalah sosial &a#g "$%ai i I#o#"sia s"'"$i PNPM Ma#i$i+ K$"i Usaha Rak&a (KUR). Masalah sosial &a#g sa#ga "$asa i saa s"ka$a#g i#i aalah $"alia k"miski#a# &a#g i$asaka# ol"h mas&a$aka I#o#"sia. Kia s"mua m"#&aa$i ,ah0a k"miski#a# m"$u'aka# salah sau masalah sosial i I#o#"sia &a#g iak muah u#uk iaasi. B"$agam u'a&a a# '$og$am ilakuka# u#uk m"#gaasi#&a "a'i masih ,a#&ak kia "mui '"$mukima# mas&a$aka miski# ham'"$ i s"ia' suu koa.K"luha# &a#g 'ali#g s"$i#g isam'aika# m"#g"#ai '"mukima# masa&a$aka miski# "$s",u aalah $"#ah#&a kualias li#gku#ga# &a#g ia#gga' s",agai ,agia# koa &a#g m"si isi#gki$ka#. M"liha k"#&aaa# "$s",u+ usaha u#uk m"mahami a# k"muia# m"#a#ga#i ,"$,agai masalah sosial ai aka# m"m'u#&ai am'ak &a#g sama "#ga# usaha u#uk m"m'"$;"'a la%u '$os"s '"$u,aha# iu s"#i$i. I,a$a#&a o$a#g m"#o$o#g mo,il+ usaha m"#ghila#gka# gu#uk-gu#uka# a#ah i %ala# &a#g m"#gham,a %ala##&a mo,il+ m"m'u#&ai '"#ga$uh &a#g sama "$haa' la%u %ala##&a mo,il i,a#i#gka# a'a,ila ha$us m"#am,ah %umlah o$a#g &a#g m"#o$o#g mo,il "$s",u. -D"/i#isi K"miski#a# P"#g"$ia# ko#:"#sio#al k"miski#a# ha#&a ,"$im"#si u#ggal! '"#a'aa# ku$a#g+ is$i,usi k"ka&aa# iak m"$aa+ m"#&",a,ka# s"s"o$a#g aau k"lua$ga iak mam'u m"m"#uhi k",uuha# asa$ u#uk k"hiu'a# s"ha$i-ha$i. Pa$am""$ 'okok u#uk m"#g"ahui k"ku$a#ga# '"#a'aa# aalah '"#g"lua$a# $umah a#gga &a#g ama $"#ah+ ,ahka# u#uk m"#;uku'i k",uuha# ko#sumsi.Di si#i aa ua isu s"#$al. P"$ama+ k""$s"iaa# la'a#ga# k"$%a. K"ua+ u'ah mi#imum &a#g m"#%ai i#s$um"# '"#i#g gu#a m"liha i#gka '"m"$aaa# is$i,usi '"#a'aa#. Maka+ '"#"kaa# alam m"mahami /"#om"#a k"miski#a# 'u# ,"$:a$iasi.P"$ama+ m"#ggu#aka# mo"l '"$,a#i#ga# a#a$la'isa# sosial &a#g ,"$u%ua# m"#%"laska# /aka-/aka "m'i$is '"$,"aa# is$i,usi '"#a'aa# ,"$asa$ k"lom'ok mas&a$aka. K"ua+ m"#"$a'ka# mo"l $"g$"si gu#a m"#guku$ u'ah '"k"$%a ,"$asa$ "o$i moal ma#usia+ m"$u%uk 'a#a#ga# ahli "ko#omi k""#agak"$%aa#+ s"'"$i B";k"$ (3=76)+ S;hul> (3=75+ 3=83)+ a# Mi#;"$ (3=86).P"#g"$ia# ko#:"#sio#al k"miski#a# i#i lalu iko$"ksi. Mak#a k"miski#a# i'"$luas ak ha#&a m"#&a#gku k"s"#%a#ga# '"#a'aa#. Paa '"$"#gaha# 3=9?-a# mu#;ul $umusa# "/i#isi ,a$u! @K"miski#a# ha$us imak#ai! o$a#g+ k"lua$ga+ a# s"k"lom'ok mas&a$aka &a#g m"miliki k""$,aasa# sum,"$ a&ama"$ial+ sosial+ a# ,ua&a s"hi#gga m"#ghala#gi m"$"ka u#uk a'a hiu' la&ak m"#u$u uku$a# 'ali#g mi#imal i suau #"ga$a "m'a m"$"ka ,"$mukim@ (Komisi E$o'a+ 3=96). Eko#om Ama$&a S"# %uga m"#g"#alka# mak#a k"miski#a# s";a$a l",ih luas+ &ak#i k"iakmam'ua# ma#usia+ &a#g ia#ai '"#iika# $"#ah+ ak ,"$'"#g"ahua#+ ak ,"$k""$am'ila#+ ak ,"$a&aa#. Bahka#+ S"# m"#&"#uh
im"#si 'oliik! k"iaaa# k",",asa# a# k""$,aasa# $ua#g 'a$isi'asi+ &a#g m"#ghala#gi 0a$ga u#uk "$li,a '$os"s '"#gam,ila# k",i%aka# 'u,lik. Dalam siuasi "mikia#+ mas&a$aka aa alam 'osisi iak s"a$a u#uk m"#a'aka# aks"s k" sum,"$-sum,"$ "ko#omi '$ouki/ s"hi#gga "$hala#g u#uk m"m'"$ol"h s"suau &a#g m"#%ai hak m"$"ka (liha D":"lo'm"# as 1$""om+ 3===).
BAB II PEMBAHASAN A. Laa$ B"laka#g Masalah U#uk m"mahami masalah k"miski#a# l",ih la#%u '"$lu ik"ahui a# i"lusu$i laa$ ,"laka#g#&a. D"#ga# m"mahami laa$ ,"laka#g#&a aka# l",ih muah ii#"i/ikasi si/a+ k"luasa# a# k"alama# masalah#&a. Dalam '$os"s ,"$iku#&a+ '"mahama# laa$ ,"laka#g masalah#&a i#i %uga sa#ga ,"$ma#/aa gu#a m"#"#uka# la#gkah-la#gkah s",agai u'a&a m"#a#ga#i#&a. K"miski#a# m"$u'aka# aki,a a$i si/a malas+ ku$a#g#&a k"mam'ua# i#"l"kual+ k"l"maha# /isik+ ku$a#g#&a k"$am'ila# a# $"#ah#&a k"mam'ua# u#uk m"#a#gga'i '"$soala# is"kia$#&a. Dalam '"$k"m,a#ga# l",ih la#%u+ 'a#a#ga# i#i %uga m"masukka# /ako$ i#i:iual lai# ,"$u'a ao'si ,ua&a k"miski#a# a# $"#ah#&a #"" /o$ a;hi":"m"# s",agai /ako$ '"#&",a, k"miski#a# (Ha$ima# a# Migl"&+3=94!3)+ '"#"k kaa k"miski#a# l",ih iliha a$i ;a;a a# k"l"maha# i#i:iual. S",agai misal+ ka$"#a m"m'u#&ai si/a '"malas maka "$%ai s"ga# u#uk ,"k"$%a k"$as gu#a m"#i#gkaka# ko#isi k"hiu'a##&a. D"mikia# %uga ka$"#a k"mam'ua# i#"l"kual a# '"#g"ahua##&a $"#ah m"#gaki,aka# ku$a#g mam'u u#uuk m"#ga#isi'asi ,"$,agai '"lua#g "ko#omis &a#g "$,uka+ s"hi#gga m"m,ua '"#a'aa##&a "a' $"#ah i,a#i#gka# a#ggoa mas&a$aka &a#g lai#. I#i#&a aa /ako$ &a#g m"#&",a,ka# k"miski#a#+ &aiu ! - 1ako$ i#i:iual
1ako$ S$uku$al
- 1ako$ K"lua$ga
1ako$ su, ,ua&a
- 1ako$ Ag"#si
B. P"#a#ga#a# Masalah B"$,asis Mas&a$aka. A'a,ila sui masalah sosial ia#gga' s",agai suau '$os"s+ maka '"#a#ga#a# k"miski#a# s",agai salah sau ,"#uk masalah sosial s"lalu "$kai "#ga# '"mahama# "$haa' laa$ ,"laka#g aau /ako$-/ako$ &a#g i a#gga' s",agai sum,"$ masalah.S$a"gi a# '"#"kaa# alam #"#a#ga#i masalah aka# sa#ga i "#uka# ol"h '"#"kaa# &a#g sa#ga i "#uka# ol"h '"#"kaa# alam m"#a#ga#i masalah aka# sa#ga i"#uka# ol"h '"#"kaa# &a#g igu#aka# alam m"mahami laa$ ,"laka#g masala#&a.S",agaima#a suah i u$aika# s","lum#&a maka s$a"gi '"m,a#gu#a# mas&a$aka alam m"#a#ga#i k"miski#a# aka# sa#ga i '"#ga$uhi ol"h '"#"kaa# alam m"mahami laa$ ,"laka#g a$i sum,"$ masalah#&a. Dalam hal i#i u'a&a '"m,a#gu#a# mas&a$aka aka# l",ih i iik ,"$aka# 'aa '"#i#gkaa# kualias ma#usia#&a s"hi#gga a'a ,"$/u#gsi l",ih "/"ki/ alam u'a&a '"#i#gkaa# a$a/ hiu'#&a.S"m"#a$a iu a'a,ila k"miski#a# ia#gga' m"$u'aka# aki,a a$i k"l"maha# s$uku$ a# sis"m maka s$a"gi '"#a#ga#a# k"miski#a# l",ih i iik,"$aka# 'aa '"$u,aha# sis"m a# '"$u,aha# s$uku$al.Di sam'i#g iu '"$u,aha# s$uku$al %uga i maksuka# s",agai u'a&a '"m,"$a&aa# la'isa# miski# s"hi#gga aka# m"m,"$i '"lua#g &a#g l",ih ,"sa$ alam '$os"s '"#gam,ila# k"'uusa# mau'u# alam 'osisi a0a$. Dalam kaia##&a "#ga# '"m,a#gu#a# mas&a$aka "sa+ Lo#g (3=88! 366) m"#g""gahka# aa#&a ua '"#"kaa# uama.'"#"kaa# i#i iak m"lakuka# '"$u,aha# m"#asa$ alam sis"m a# s$uku$ sosial s"hi#gga m"mu#gki#ka# k"si#am,u#ga# a# ,"$aha##&a i#siusi sosial a# sis"m '"milika# a#ah.Di ,a#i#g '"$a#ia# '"#"kaa# i#i '"$#ah iim'l"m"#asika# s";a$a luas alam ,"#uk $":olusi hi%au+ &a#g i i#o#"sia salah sau#&a alam '$og$am ,imas am i#mas.D"#ga# ;a$a "$s",u a'a "$0u%u "#ga# aa#&a $"is$i,usi '"#guasaa# $"sou$;"s &a#g m"mu#gki#ka# ,"$ku$a#g#&a ko#s"#$asi '"#guasaa# '"$a '"a#i+ a'a ,"k"$%a ,agi a#ah milik#&a s"#i$i. K";"#"$u#ga# "$s",u %uga m"#%ai ,aha# '"miki$a# ,"$,agai l"m,aga '"#&a#a#g a#a i#"$#asio#al &a#g m"m,"$ika# ,a#ua# '"m,a#gu#a# k"'aa #"ga$a-#"ga$a s"a#g ,"$k"m,a#g. M"$"ka m"#gha$a'ka# aga$ ,a#ua# "$s",u l",ih ,a#&ak ima#/aaka# u#uk k"lom'ok sasa$a# la'isa# mas&a$aka &a#g 'ali#g m"m,uuhka# &aiu ma&o$ias '"#uuk miski#. U#uk maksu "$s",u s"lama asa0a$sa 3=8?-a# mu#;ul iga s$a"gi asa$. 5 s$a"gi asa$ "$s",u aalah
!
Ba#ua# i salu$ka# k""m'a ma&o$ias '"#uuk miski# m"lalui '$og$am '"m,a#gu#a# "sa "$'au Ba#ua# i'usaka# u#uk m"#gaasi ;a;a sa#a$ k"hiu'a# o$a#g-miski# m"lalui '$og$am ,a#ua# asa$ ma#usia
Ba#ua# i'usaka# k"'aa k"lom'ok &a#g m"m'u#&ai ;i$i-;i$i sosio"ko#omi m"lalui '$o&"k &a#g s"#ga%a i$a#;a#g u#uk mas&a$aka khusus "$"#u. (Ro#ii#"lli+ 3==?! =3). C. U'a&a P"#a#ga#a# Masalah K"miski#a# P"m,a#gu#a# sosial i I#o#"sia+ hak"ka#&a m"$u'aka# u'a&a u#uk m"$"alisasika# ;ia-;ia luhu$ k"m"$"kaa#+ &ak#i u#uk m"ma%uka# k"s"%ah"$aa# umum a# m"#;"$aska# k"hiu'a# ,a#gsa. Pas;a k"m"$"kaa#+ k"giaa# '"m,a#gu#a# "lah ilakuka# ol"h ,","$a'a $">im '"m"$i#aha# I#o#"sia. Mulai a$i $">im So"ka$#o sam'ai '$"si"# i "$a i#i &ak#i P$"si"# So"silo Bam,a#g Yuho&o#o &a#g "$'ilih alam '"miliha# umum la#gsu#g '"$ama. Namu# "mikia#+ ha$us iakui s""lah ,","$a'a kali $">im '"m"$i#aha# ,"$ga#i+ a$a/ k"s"%ah"$aa# $ak&a I#o#"sia masih ,"lum maksimal. P"m"#uha# a$a/ k"s"%ah"$aa# sosial '"$lu "$us iu'a&aka# m"#gi#ga s",agia# ,"sa$ $ak&a I#o#"sia masih ,"lum m"#;a'ai a$a/ k"s"%ah"$aa# sosial &a#g ii#gi#ka##&a. U'a&a '"m"#uha# k"s"%ah"$aa# sosial m"#&"$uak m"#%ai isu #asio#al. Asumsi#&a+ k"ma%ua# ,a#gsa aau'u# k","$hasila# suau $">im '"m"$i#aha#+ iak lagi iliha a$i s"k"a$ m"#i#gka#&a a#gka '"$um,uha# "ko#omi. K"mam'ua# '"#a#ga#a# "$haa' 'a$a '"#&a#a#g masalah k"s"%ah"$aa# sosial 'u# m"#%ai salah sau i#ikao$ k","$hasila# '"m,a#gu#a#. S"'"$i '"#a#ga#a# masalah k"miski#a#+ k";a;aa#+ k""$la#a$a#+ k"u#aa# sosial mau'u# ko$,a# ,"#;a#a alam a# sosial. K"ma%ua# '"m,a#gu#a# "ko#omi iak aka# aa a$i#&a %ika k"lom'ok $"#a# '"#&a#a#g masalah sosial i aas+ iak a'a "$la&a#i "#ga# ,aik. Bahka# mu#;ul a#gga'a# %ika 'a$a '"#&a#a#g masalah sosial iak "$la&a#i "#ga# ,aik+ maka ,agi m"$"ka k"m"$"kaa# aalah s"k"a$ l"'as a$i '"#%a%aha# S"ha$us#&a k"m"$"kaa# aalah l"'as a$i k"miski#a#. U#uk iu '"m,a#gu#a# ,ia#g k"s"%ah"$aa# sosial "$us ik"m,a#gka# ,"$sama "#ga# '"m,a#gu#a# "ko#omi. *iak aa ikoomi i a#a$a k"ua#&a. Hal i#i s"la$as "#ga# a'a &a#g ik"mukaka# Na#;& Bi$sal (3==5) &a#g m"#gaaka# ,ah0a '"m,a#gu#a# "ko#omi aalah %uga '"m,a#gu#a# sosial. *iak aa &a#g uama ia#a$a k"ua#&a. P"m,a#gu#a# "ko#omi %"las sa#ga m"m'"#ga$uhi i#gka k"makmu$a# suau #"ga$a+ #amu# '"m,a#gu#a# "ko#omi &a#g s"'"#uh#&a is"$ahka# 'aa m"ka#ism" 'asa$+ "a' iak aka# mam'u m"#%ami# k"s"%ah"$aa# sosial 'aa s"ia' mas&a$aka. Bahka# '"#galama# #"ga$a ma%u a# ,"$k"m,a#g s"$i#gkali m"m'"$lihaka# %ika '$io$ias ha#&a i/okuska# 'aa k"ma%ua# "ko#omi m"ma#g a'a m"m'"$lihaka# a#gka '"$um,ua# "ko#omi. Namu# s"$i#g 'ula gagal m"#;i'aka# '"m"$aaa# a# m"#im,ulka# m"#im,ulka# k"s"#%a#ga# sosial. Akhi$#&a a'a m"#im,ulka# masalah k"miski#a# &a#g ,a$u. Ol"h ka$"#a#&a '"#a#ga#a# masalah k"miski#a# ha$us i"kai a$i ,"$,agai sisi ,aik '"m,a#gu#a# "ko#omi mau'u# k"s"%ah"$aa# sosial.
Ol"h ka$"#a iu s"la$as "#ga# '$io$ias a# k"s"'akaa# u#ia. Maka '$og$am D"'a$"m"# Sosial %uga m"#"m'aka# k"miski#a# s",agai '$io$ias uama &a#g ha$us ia#ga#i. Alokasi A#gga$a# D"'a$"m"# Sosial ahu# 4??7 l",ih a$i 4+4 $iliu# $u'iah+ "lah ialokasika# 'aa k"lom'ok sasa$a# ima#a alokasi "$,"sa$ u#uk k"miski#a#+ l",ih a$i R'. 77 mil&a$. K""$la#a$a# R' 4?8 mil&a$. K";a;aa# R' 6 mil&a$. K"u#aa# sosial 63 mil&a$ a# ,"#;a#a alam a# sosial R'. ?? mil&a$. Dalam '"#gu$a#ga# k"miski#a#+ k"'"$;a&aa# '"m"$i#ah %uga maki# i,"$ika# k"'aa D"'a$"m"# Sosial s",agai '"#a#ggu#g %a0a, a#gga$a# '$og$am Su,sii La#gsu#g *u#ai (SL*) &a#g isalu$ka# la#gsu#g k"'aa '"#uuk miski# ,","$a'a 0aku lalu. P$og$am iu ki#i ,"$ga#i m"#%ai Ba#ua# *u#ai B"$s&a$a (B*B) "#ga# #ama! P$og$am K"lua$ga Ha$a'a# (PKH). K"ika iu+ '$og$am SL* ,a#&ak m"#im,ulka# '$o a# ko#$a. Namu# ha$us 'ula iakui ,ah0a '$og$am iu "lah ,"$hasil iliha a$i sisi P"$ama ,"$hasil m"#%aga si miski# iak go#;a#gF'a#ik m"#ghaa'i k"#aika# ha$ga BBM. Bahka# ia m"#%ai "#a#g k"ika ia m"#a'aka# s"iki ha$a'a# a$i ,a#ua# SL*.
u%ua##&a u#uk m"#g"m,alika# /u#gsi k"lua$ga &a#g iha$a'ka#+ ima#a /u#gsi i#i s"maki# m"mua$ s"i$i#g "#ga# k"iakmam'ua# m"#am'ilka# /u#gsi sosial 0a$ga miski# (7) P"$u,aha# o$i"#asi #ilai ,ua&a a$i k"s"lu$uha# as'"k '"m,"$a&aa# alam $a#gka '"#g"#asa# k"miski#a#+ maka '"$u,aha# o$i"#asi #ilai ,ua&a m"#%ai mua$a#&a &a#g "#u#&a m"m"$luka# '$os"s &a#g iak muah. P"$u,aha# a$i si/a 0a$ga miski# s"'"$i+ a'ais+ malas+ masa ,ooh+ m"#ghalalka# s"gala ;a$a+ m"#u%u 'aa o$i"#asi #ilai ,ua&a &a#g '$ososial m"#%ai u%ua# uama 'aa '"#g"#asa# k"miski#a#. D. *EORI *EN*ANG PEMBANGUNAN NASIONAL
P"m,a#gu#a# mas&a$aka s",agai suau '$os"s i#amis m"#u%u k"aaa# sosial "ko#omi &a#g l",ih ,aik+ aau &a#g l",ih mo"$#. U#uk m"#;a'ai i'"$luka# '"$'aua# ilmu+ s"'"$i! "ko#omi+ sosilogi+ "ologi a# a#$o'ologi. Da$i '"#"kaa# a# a#alisa k$iis "#a#g '"$k"m,a#ga# "ko#omi+ maka ha$us i"kai a$i ,"$,agai ,ia#g ilmu '"#g"ahua#. Ca,a#g-;a,a#g ilmu '"#g"ahua# &a#g imaksu+ s"'"$i "ko#omi '"m,a#gu#a#+ sosiologi '"m,a#gu#a#+ '"m,a#gu#a# 'oliik+ "k#ologi '"m,a#gu#a#+ ami#is$asi '"m,a#gua# a# s",agai#&a. S",agai suau '$os"s+ '"m,a#gu#a# #asio#al aalah m"$u'aka# $a#gkaia# '"$u,aha# ma%"muk alam ,ia#g 'oliik+ sosial a# "ko#omi. Di I#o#"sia s"#i$i+ k"lihaa##&a '"m,a#gu#a# "ko#omi sa#ga "$ga#u#g "#ga# k"sa,ila# 'oliik. Hu,u#ga# a#a$a "ko#omi a# 'oliik sa#ga "ka a# sa#ga suli i'isahka#+ ,ahka# sali#g i#"$-"'"#"# &a#g sa#ga kua s"kali. Kalau i'"$haika# "#ga# s"ksama+ maka "ika '"m,a#gu#a# iak a'a i'isahka# a$i "ika "ko#omi a# "ika 'oliik. U#uk '"m,a#gu#a# "ko#omi ,iasa#&a s&a$a-s&a$a sosial 'oliik suah "$'"#uhi "$l",ih ahulu. K" ua#&a a'a i%ala#ka# s";a$a simula#+ a'a,ila suau ,a#gsa suah m"#;a'ai i#gka k"maa#ga# "$"#u alam ,ia#g sosial a# 'oliik. Dua /$as" i#i sa#ga '"#i#g '$os"s suau '"m,a#gu#a#+ &aiu! ko#soliisasi 'oliik@ a# $"ko#siliasi "ko#omi@. Ya#g imaksuka# "#ga# ko#soliasi 'oliik@ aalah k","$samaa# s"mua kom'o#"# 'oliik+ "#ga# m"#gha$gai '"$,"aa# a# k"samaa# m"$"ka masi#g-masi#g+ a# ,"$sama-sama m"m,a#gu# #"ga$a I#o#"sia ,"$asa$ka# sis"m "mok$asi. Dalam hal i#i iak m"#g"#al ma&o$ias a# mi#o$ias alam ,"$'oliik.
I. P"#"kaa# P"m,a#gua# Ba#gsa (So;io;ulu$al D":"lo'm"#) P"#g"$ia# '"m,a#gu#a# ,a#gsa agak#&a "lah m"#galami suau '"$k"m,a#ga# '"#i#g+ ,aik alam '"#g"$ia# mau'u# $ua#g li#gku'. Dalam $ua#g li#gku' am'ak ua as'"k '"$masalaha#! (3) m"#g"#ai '"m,a#gu#a# 'oliik a# (4) m"#g"#ai '"m,a#gu#a# sosial ,ua&a. Masalah k",ua&aa# sa#ga '"#i#g u#uk i'"$haika#. Ka$"#a ,ua&a "lah m"#gali$ alam hiu' mas&a$aka. S";a$a a#$o'ologis ma#usia "lah i,"l"#ggu ol"h aa
isiaa#&a. Bahka#+ kaa#g-kaa#g hal "$s",u m"#%ai '"#gham,a '$os"s '"m,a#gu#a#. S"$i#g "$%ai ko#/lik a#a$a k",ua&aa# a# mo"$#isasi. Hal lia# &a#g '"$lu i'"$haika# aalah agama. Agama a# k",ua&aa# s"$i#g kali "lah l",u$ alam k"hiu'a# ma#usia. S"hi#gga sa#ga m"m,"aka# ma#a &a#g agama a# ma#a &a#g k",ua&aa#. Ka$"#a "$a#&a hu,u#ga# '"ma,#gua# 'oliik a# k",ua&aa#+ maka ,"$k"m,a#glah ali$a# '"miki$a# alam ilmu 'oliik &a#g is",u s",agai K",ua&aa# Poliik.
II. P"#"kaa# P"m,a#gu#a# Eko#omi (E;o#omi; D":"lo'm"#) P"$miki$a# '"$k"m,a#ga# "o$i '"m,a#gu#a# "ko#omi aalah s",agai ,"$iku! Dasa$ ali$a# i#i aalah i#i:iualism". S"ia' '$ous"# a# ko#sum"# m"$""ka ,"$i#ak+ '"m,"#uka# ha$ga iasa$ka# k"'aa hukum '"$mi#aa# a# '"#a0a$a# i 'asa$+ m"#%ai asa$ '"#gam,ila# k"'uusa#. Ha$ga &a#g "$,"#uk aas asa$ m"ka#ism" 'asa$ "$s",u+ "#ga# s"#i$i#&a aka# m"m'"#ga$uhi '$ouksi+ alokasi+ '"#a'aa# a# ko#sumsi@. M"ka#ism" '"m,"#uka# ha$ga aka# m"m,a0a s"gala hu,u#ga# "ko#omi s";a$a oomais k" %u$usa# '"$s"suaia# k"'aa k"aaa# s"im,a#g.
E. S*UDI *EN*ANG PERUBAHAN
3.M"m'"la%a$i s"%a$ah sui "#a#g '"$u,aha# 4.M"#iskusika# si/a "#a#g '"#iika# '"$u,aha# 5.M"m'$"s"#asika# s",uah :a$iasi s$uku$ ,"$'iki$ "#a#g '"$u,aha# 6.M"#%"laska# iga '$"s'"ki/ $"#;a#a '"$u,aha# .M"#ghu,u#gka# ,","$a'a as'"k "#a#g '$os"s '"$u,aha# k"'aa ,uki,uki a$i '"$u,aha# &a#g i$"#;a#aka#. P$os"s a$i P"$u,aha# a# P"#"mua# Buki 7.P"$u,aha# ,"$la#gsu#g s";a$a "$us m"#"$us 8.P"$u,aha# m"#&",a,ka# k"g"lisaha# a# k"iak'asia# 9.Duku#ga# "k#ik a# 'sikologi sa#ga i'"$luka# =.B"la%a$ k"$am'ila# &a#g ,a$u m"$u'aka# suau '"$k"m,a#ga# a# k"#aika# #ilai-#ilai sosial. 3?.Hu,u#ga# a#a$a o$ga#isasi '"#iika# a# s"s"o$a#g &a#g m"#%ai ag"# '"m,aha$u aka# a'a i$asaka# s""lah "$,uki m"lalui '$os"s '"$u,aha#. S"ia' o$a#g ha$us sia' m"#%ai ag"# '"m,aha$ua# u#uk i$i#&a s"#i$i.
33.P"$u,aha# &a#g m"m,a0a k","$hasila# s"lalu m"lalui o$o#ga# a# uku#ga#.
1. PERUBAHAN PARADIGMA ILMU SOSIA*RI
S"ia' '"$u,aha# sosial s"lalu m"#;aku' 'ula '"$u,aha# ,ua&a+ a# '"$u,aha# ,ua&a aka# m"#;aku' %uga '"$u,aha# sosial. Sosia$i m"$u'aka# ilmu sosial "$a'a# (a''li" s;i"#;")+ &a#g alam '"#g"m,a#ga##&a m"#ga#alka# $"alia &a#g "$%ai i alam mas&a$aka+ ,"$kaia# "#ga# masalah sosial &a#g '"$lu is"l"saika# ('a#a#ga# a0al '"$k"m,a#ga#) a# '"#&"suaia# k",uuha# "#ga# sum,"$ a&a &a#g aa ('a#a#ga# hasil '"$k"m,a#ga#). R"alia alam mas&a$aka &a#g "$us m"#galami '"$u,aha# m"miliki im"#si '"$u,aha# sosial. S"m"#a$a iu+ s";a$a k"ilmua#+ '"#g"m,a#ga# ka%ia#+ '"#"liia#+ a# "o$i-"o$i ,a$u %uga iu#u a$i sosia$i+ ,aik m"lalui hasil k"$%a la'a#ga# ('"#"liia# a# '$o&"k sosia$i)+ mau'u# m"lalui ,"$,agai k"giaa# s"mi#a$ a# iskusi. Aki:ias ilmiah m"m'"$muah '"$u,aha# ,ua&a. I#o:asi ,a$u i ,ia#g k"ilmua# m"m'"$ol"h $ua#g a# k"s"m'aa# /o$mal. Ka%ia# '"$u,aha# alam sosia$i a'a i'auka# "#ga# ko#s"' 'a$aigma a$i. Ko#s"' 'a$aigma a$i Khu# s"ali$a# "#ga# "o$i-"o$i '"$u,aha#. P"$u,aha# ilmu '"#g"ahua# m"#u$u Khu# "$%ai s";a$a $":olusio#"$. Akumulasi ha#&alah salah sau s"gm"# i alam '$os"s $":olusi u#uk m"#;a'ai k"ma%ua# ilmu. R":olusi ilmu m"#%ala#i '$os"s s",agai ,"$iku! Pa$aigma I Ilmu No$mal A#omali K$isis R":olusi Pa$aigma II Paa aha' ilmu #o$mal+ '$os"s akumulasi ilmu "$%ai+ #amu# '"$k"m,a#ga# ilmu iak ha#&a "$l"ak 'aa aha' ilmu #o$mal+ m"lai#ka# m"li'ui k"s"lu$uha# '$os"s "$s",u. Pa$aigma m"$u'aka# suau 'a#a#ga# m"#asa$ "#a#g a'a &a#g m"#%ai 'okok '"$soala# alam suau ;a,a#g ilmu.
ka%ia# mik$o,iologi. E/"k sosial#&a aalah k"mam'ua# m"#%a0a, k"kha0ai$a# Malhus m"#g"#ai ,"#;a#a k"miski#a# a# k"la'a$a# aki,a l"aka# %umlah '"#uuk. Di ,ia#g ilmu sosial+ a'a "$liha '"$u,aha# 'a$aigma sosiologi a# a#$o'ologi. Paa a0al '"$k"m,a#ga##&a+ sosiologi i/okuska# 'aa s$uku$ sosial a# i#amika sosial mas&a$aka E$o'a 'as;a$":olusi sosial a# R":olusi I#us$i. K"ua $":olusi "$s",u m"m,"$ika# am'ak &a#g ,"sa$ "$haa' mas&a$aka u#ia. P"m,a#gu#a# m"m'u#&ai '"#g"$ia# i#amis+ maka iak ,ol"h iliha a$i ko#s"' &a#g sais. P"m,a#gu#a# %uga m"#ga#u#g o$i"#asi a# k"giaa# &a#g a#'a akhi$. P$os"s '"m,a#gu#a# m"$u'aka# suau '"$u,aha# sosial ,ua&a. P"m,a#gu#a# m"#u#%ukka# "$%ai#&a suau '$os"s ma%u ,"$asa$ka# k"kuaa# s"#i$i+ "$ga#u#g k"'aa ma#usia a# s$uku$ sosial#&a. P"m,a#gu#a# iak ,"$si/a o'-o0#+ "a'i "$ga#u#g "#ga# i##"$0ill@+ '$os"s "ma#si'asi i$i. D"#ga# "mikia#+ 'a$isi'asi aki/ a# k$"ai/ alam '$os"s '"m,a#gu#a# ha#&a mu#gki# ,ila "$%ai ka$"#a '$os"s '"#"0asaa#.
G. PROSES PERUBAHAN SOSIAL DALAM KON*EKS GLOBAL
Glo,alisasi mau iak mau ha$us ilalui ol"h s"lu$uh #"ga$a i u#ia i#i. Hu,u#ga# a#a$ #"ga$a m"#%ai s""mikia# '"#i#g '"#ga$uh#&a alam m"0u%uka# k"hiu'a# masi#-masi#g #"ga$a "$l",ih k"ika "$a glo,alisasi i,a. M"#%ai suau k"#is;a&aa# a'a,ila s",uah #"ga$a ha$us ,"k"$%asama "#ga# #"ga$a lai# ,ahka# l",ih "ks$"m#&a lagi m"m"$luka# ,a#ua# #"ga$a lai#. Pola'ola hu,u#ga# a#a$ #"ga$a m"#%ai ,ahasa# '"#i#g alam m"m,"ah '"$u,aha# sosial &a#g "$%ai saa i#i. S"lai# '"$a# #"ga$a lai# (#"ga$a ma%u)+ '"$u,aha# sosial i #"ga$a-#"ga$a ,"$k"m,a#g i'"#ga$uhi ol"h o$ga#isasi i#"$#asio#al a# ,ahka# '"$usahaa# muli #asio#al. Domi#asi #"ga$a ma%u a'a iliha a$i ,"$,agai ,a#ua# &a#g masuk k" #aga$a ,"$k"m,a#g aas #ama mo"$#isasi. Mo"$#isasi ia#ga' s",agai %ala# u#uk m"$aih k"ma%ua# #"ga$a ,"$k"m,a#g. O$ga#isasi i#"$#asio#al m"m'u#&ai '"$a# &a#g ham'i$ sama "#ga# #"ga$a ma%u. B"$,agai k"s"'akaa# a# k",i%aka# &a#g ihasilka# m"m,"$ika# am'ak &a#g sa#ga #&aa ,agi N"ga$a ,"$k"m,a#g. Hal i#i "$%ai ka$"#a m"ma#g o$ga#isasi i#"$#asio#al iomi#asi ol"h #"ga$a ma%u.
BAB III P"#uu' A. K"sim'ula# P"#a#ga#a# k"miski#a# m"m"$luka# k""$li,aa# s"mua /ihak. Li#as /u#gsi mau'u# li#as s"ko$. Ol"h ka$"#a iu+ u'a&a si#"$gi '"$lu "$us ilakuka# aga$ iak "$%ai sali#g um'a#g i#ih alam '"#a#ga#a##&a. *"#u#&a la#gkah a0al k" a$ah iu a'a ilakuka# "#ga# m"#asa$ka# 'aa aa '"#&a#a#g miski# &a#g $iil a# :ali. Dalam hal i#i D"'a$"m"# Sosial "lah m"$i#is aa '"#&a#a#g miski# l"#gka' "$;a#um #ama a# alama#&a ,& #am" ,& a$"ss+ Daa i#i m"$u'aka# hasil olah sahih aa SL* "$ahulu. Kia ,"$ha$a' aa i#i m"#%ai a;ua# s"mua 'ihak &a#g ,"$k"'"#i#ga# alam '"#a#ga#a# masalah k"miski#a# s"hi#ga '"#a#ga#a##&a l",ih "$'au+ "$a$ah a# mam'u m"#gu$a#gi %umlah '"#uuk miski#. D"#ga# "$s"ia#&a aa &a#g %"las a# aku$a iha$a'ka# mam'u m"$a#gsa#g k""$li,aa# s"lu$uh kom'o#"# ,a#gsa u#uk "$li,a aki/ alam '"#a#ga#a# k"miski#a#. S"moga s"gala u'a&a kia m"#a#ga#i k"miski#a# s"maki# ha$i s"maki# mam'u m"m,a0a 'aa k"%a&aa# ,a#gsa. B. Sa$a# Khusus u#uk mas&a$aka I#o#"sia '"#&usu#a# hukum &a#g ha#&a ,"$o$i"#asi u%ua# a#'a m"m'"$haika# sa$a#a &a#g i'"$luka##&a iak aka# "/"ki/ m"#im,ulka# '"$u,aha#+Namu# "mikia# kia ha$us s"lalu ,"$usaha alam m"0u%uka# '"$u,aha# sosial mas&a$aka s"$a P"$lu#&a '"mahama# as'"k s"%a$ah '"m,a#gu#a# mas&a$aka u#uk '"#i#gkaa# '"#a'aa# mas&a$aka.
DA1*AR PUS*AKA SOE*OMO+ P"#"$,i Pusaka P"la%a$+ MASALAH SOSIAL DAN UPAYA PEMECAHANNYA Mo;ha$ Kusumaama%a+ Hukum+ Mas&a$aka+ a# P"m,i#aa# Hukum Nasio#al+ Bi#a Ci'a+ Ba#u#g.
+ 1u#gsi a# P"$k"m,a#ga# Hukum alam P"m,a#gu#a# Nasio#al+ Bi#a Ci'a+
