Kmlpohglokgûl ohngdlpoc w {oct` `d co{ htbd~d{ Ko~hd QOCC[(CCMNDP @g~dkpm~o `dc Z~me~oho Htbd~d{# [oct` w Kocg`o` `d Qg`o, No~kdcmlo koz{Jzoledo,m~e ^dkgng`m2 >0,?:,>:?: Okdzpo`m2 1,:>,>:??
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Ko~hd Qocc{(Ccmndp
Kmlpohglokgûl ohngdlpoc w {oct` `d co{ htbd~d{
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Gld{pgeokgmld{ Gld{pgeokgmld{ Adhglg{po{
Ko~hd Qocc{(Ccmndp
Kmlpohglokgûl ohngdlpoc w {oct` `d co{ htbd~d{
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Ko~hd Qocc{(Ccmndp
Kmlpohglokgûl ohngdlpoc w {oct` `d co{ htbd~d{
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Gld{pgeokgmld{ Gld{pgeokgmld{ Adhglg{po{
Ko~hd Qocc{(Ccmndp
Kmlpohglokgûl ohngdlpoc w {oct` `d co{ htbd~d{
dvzm{gkgûl o {t{polkgo{ qtèhgko{ dl cm{ cteo~d{ `d p~onobm &gl{dkpgkg`o{# {mcdlpd{ w mp~m{' qtd {d o{mkgol kml a~dktdlkgo o co Fgzd~{dl{gngcg`o` _tèhgko Hòcpgzcd, Co fgzûpd{g{ ag{gmzopmcûegko d{ co oe~d{gûl ~dzdpg`o `d co rmlo fgzmpïcohm(fgzmag{o~go zm~ hgk~mp~othopg{hm{ hgk~mp~othopg{hm{ aè{gkm{ m qtèhgkm{# qtd okonol z~m`tkgdl`m `g{~tzkgûl dl`mk~g( lo# w ocpd~okgmld{ `d co glhtlg`o`, O getoc`o` `d dvzm{gkgûl# dvzm{gkgûl# co{ htbd~d{ {gdhz~d {gdhz~d qtd`o~ïl hï{ oadkpo`o{ qtd cm{ fmhn~d{# zm~qtd cm{ z~m`tkpm{ pûvgkm{ zdldp~ol hï{ aïkgchdlpd dl dc {g{pdho ld~gm{m kdlp~oc {g {ml hd`go`m{ zm~ cm{ d{p~ûedlm{ &z~d`m( & z~d`m( hglgm adhdlglm'# zm~ dc dvkd{m `d K^F &^dco{gle aokpm~ `d co Km~pgkmp~mzglo' zm~ {gptokgmld{ `d d{p~ç{ aè{gkm w hdlpoc w zm~ oadkpo~ dc {g{pdho ld~gm{m kdlp~oc ktol`m fow oldhgo w ko~dlkgo{ `d fgd~~m &`d z~d`mhglgm adhdlglm zm~ dc {ole~o`m hdl{( p~toc', K~dm qtd d{ zm~ zm~ d{po{ ~ormld{ qtd co{ p~d{ zopmcmeèo{ zopmcmeèo{ dhd~edlpd{ dhd~edlpd{ dl dc {gecm VVG `dng`m o co kmlpohglokgûl ohngdlpoc &co [dl{gngcg`o` _tèhgko Hòcpgzcd# co Agn~mhgocego w zo~pd `d cm{ ko{m{ `d Aopgeo k~ûlgko# zm~qtd dl d{pd ko{m dvg{pd tlo zm{gncd kot{o g~oc' {d z~d{dlpo~ïl dl htbd~d{ `d am~ho z~d`mhglolpd, Dc glk~dhdlpm `d co dvzm{gkgûl qtd {d z~m`tkd dl co {mkgd`o` gl`t{p~goc w dc fdkfm `d qtd co{ zd~{mlo{ oadkpo`o{ ~dz~m`tkèol cm{ {èlpmho{ dl htw `gd~{m{ cteo~d{ zòncgkm{ zcolpdol tl ~dpm o co {oct` zòncgko, ½D{pïl d{po{ dvzm{gkgmld{ dl dc m~gedl `d glk~dhdlpm `d pthm~d{ w `d dlad~hd`o`d{ otpmglhtld{ dl zmncokgûl conm~oc# {mn~d pm`m dlp~d htbd~d{= ½D{pïl ~dcokgmlo`o{ kml dc glk~dhdlpm `dc `mcm~ ht{ktco~ edld~ocgro`m# `d co agn~mhgocego w `d cm{ ko{m{ `d aopgeo k~ûlgko= Co ~d{( ~ d{( ztd{po o d{po{ z~detlpo{ ~dqtd~g~ï tcpd~gm~d{ gld{pgeokgmld{# zd~m `o`m qtd co z~g( hd~o kot{o `d glocg`dr z~mad{gmloc {ml cm{ z~mncdho{ hò{ktcmd{qtdcçpgkm{# lg {gl( `gkopm{ lg emngd~lm{ ztd`dl `dbo~ `d d{pghtco~ co gld{pgeokgûl zo~o ~d{zml`d~co{, ?,0, P^O[PM^LM[ @D CO [OCT@ ^DZ^M@TKPGQO ^DZ^M@TKPGQO [d fo `d{k~gpm co o{mkgokgûl `d vdlmd{p~ûedlm{ w hdpocd{ zd{o`m{ kml co z~d{dl( kgo `d p~o{pm~lm{ `dc kgkcm hdl{p~toc w dc glk~dhdlpm `d dl`mhdp~gm{g{ w hgmho{ tpd~glm{, Dc zcmhm w dc hd~kt~gm ztd`dl pdld~ dadkpm{ olpgd{p~meçlgkm{ w dc ko`hgm {d fo zm`g`m o{mkgo~ o tl glk~dhdlpm `d co dl`mhdp~gm{g{ 5, Dl co{ htbd~d{ oadk( po`o{ zm~ co dvzm{gkgûl o gl{dkpgkg`o{ w `g{mcdlpd{ dl dc cteo~ `d p~onobm {d z~d{dl( pol wo hdp~m~~oego{ w kgkcm{ hï{ km~pm{ `d{`d dc hd{ zm{pd~gm~ o co dvzm{gkgûl, O`dhï{ dvg{pd tl glk~dhdlpm `d co z~dhopt~g`o` w `dc nobm zd{m oc lokd~, Cm{ lgÿm{ w lgÿo{ lokg`m{ `d ho`~d{ qtd fol d{po`m dvztd{po{ o gl{dkpgkg`o{ pgdldl tlo hdlm~ kg~ktlad~dlkgo k~oldm(dlkdaïcgko w {d fo o{mkgo`m tlo `g{hgltkgûl `dc èl`gkd `d glpdcgedlkgo dl co g`o o`tcpo,
5 C, U, U, BOKI[ML# H,@, RTCCM# B,H, EMC@ND^E &>::6'2 Pfd o{{mkgopgml ndpuddl fdow hdpoc{# dl`mhdp~gm{g{ ol` tpd~gld hwmho{ ohmle z~dhdl{p~toc umhdl, –Lopgmloc Fdocpf ol` Ltp~gpgml Dvohglopgml [t~dw‘, ?777(>::>, Fthol ^dz~m`tkpgml ,Qmc >;# l² ;# 157(165, Gld{pgeokgmld{ Gld{pgeokgmld{ Adhglg{po{
?4;
Ko~hd Qocc{(Ccmndp
Kmlpohglokgûl ohngdlpoc w {oct` `d co{ htbd~d{
[g co dvzm{gkgûl fo {g`m `t~olpd dc dhno~orm dl htbd~d{ qtd p~onobol dl co oe~g( ktcpt~o m kmlgdl dl e~olbo{ m d{zokgm{ `ml`d {d d{pïl ozcgkol`m gl{dkpgkg`o{# {d fo kmhz~mno`m tl glk~dhdlpm `d fgzd~pdl{gûl `t~olpd dc dhno~orm w `d z~ddh( kcohz{go e~oè`gko6, ?,4, GLK^DHDLPM GLK^DHDLPM @D @D KÏLKD^ @D @D HOHO W MP^M[ PGZM[ @D KÏLKD^ KÏLKD^ KTZOKGM OKGMLD LD[ [ KML KML OCPM OCPM ^GD[ ^GD[EM EM @D @D[O @D[O^^ ^^MC MCCO CO^ ^ KÏLK KÏLKD^ D^ @D HOHO HOHO ?,4,?, MKTZ
Cm{ kïlkd~d{ `d hoho ~dcokgmlo`m{ kml co mktzokgûl {ûcm fol zm`g`m {d~ d{pt( `go`m{ dl cm{ zoè{d{ lû~`gkm{# qtd pgdldl ~deg{p~m{ `d hm~ngcg`o` w hm~pocg`o` w `d mktzokgûl z~d{dlpd w zo{o`o, Co dvkdcdlpd pd{g{ `mkpm~oc `d co @mkpm~o Ho~glo Zmccïl# w {t cgn~m kml{getgdlpd d`gpo`m zm~ dc Gl{pgptpm Ko~cm{ GGG lm{ on~d tl onolg( km `d z~mad{gmld{ qtd pgdldl tlo glkg`dlkgo othdlpo`o `d Kïlkd~ `d hoho dlp~d htbd~d{ w fmhn~d{, Dlp~d co{ z~mad{gmld{ kml hï{ ~gd{em d{pïl co{ `d qtgdld{ p~o( nobol kml ml`o{ dcdkp~mhoelçpgko{# qtd `d{k~gnghm{ o kmlpgltokgûl# w dl tlo {d~gd `d z~mad{gmld{ kmhm co{ z~mad{gmlocd{ `d {olg`o`# ao~hokçtpgko{# zdctqtd~o{# o~pg{( po{# cgpd~opo{ w p~onobo`m~o{ p~onobo`m~o{ {mkgocd{# qtd tldl dlp~d {t{ kml`gkgmld{ `d p~onobm dc d{p~ç{ aè{gkm w hdlpoc w co dvzm{gkgûl o {t{polkgo{ qtèhgko{ w-m ~o`gokgmld{, Dvg{pdl dg`dlkgo{ `d glk~dhdlpm `d ~gd{em `d kïlkd~ `d hoho w dvzm{gkgûl conm( ~oc o ~o`gokgmld{ dcdkp~mhoelçpgko{7, D{pï wo kco~ohdlpd okdzpo`m dc glk~dhdlpm `d ~gd{em `d kïlkd~ `d hoho dlp~d co{ htbd~d{ qtd fol d{po`m dvztd{po{ o ~o`gokgmld{ gmlgrolpd{ dl zo~pgktco~ oc~d`d`m~ `dc hmhdlpm `d co ztnd~po`# glkct{m ktol`m co dvzm{gkgûl fo {g`m o nobo `m{g{, Dvg{pdl htkfo{ {t{polkgo{ qtèhgko{ qtd ghgpol dl cm{ {d~d{ gm{ dc dadkpm `d cm{ d{p~ûedlm{ Cm{ kmhzmldlpd{ ocqtgadlûcgkm{ w dc Ng{adlmc O pohngçl {d fol ~dcokgmlo`m ~dcokgmlo`m kml dc kïlkd~ `d hoho, [ondhm{ qtd dc d{p~ç{ aè{gkm w hdlpoc d{ tl aokpm~ `d ~gd{em zo~o dc `çagkgp `d ao{d ctpdèlgko w# w# zm~ cm polpm# dc dvkd{m `d d{p~ûedlm{ `t~olpd co g`o ~dz~m`tkpgo, [d okmhzoÿo~ï `d hdl{p~tokgmld{ kml kolpg`o` ontl`olpd w kgkcm{ hdl{p~tocd{ km~pm{, Zd~m fo{po ofm~o lm fdhm{ dlkmlp~o`m d{pt`gm{ qtd ~dcokgmldl d{pd zop~ûl fm~hmloc kml co mktzokgûl w kml co glkg`dlkgo `d kïlkd~ `d hoho, Co glam~hokgûl `dc kïlkd~ ~dcokgmlo`m kml co z~mad{gûl `dnd~èo fokd~lm{ dvzcm~o~ ltdo{ èo{ `d gld{pgeokgûl w z~ddlkgûl,
6 Pglo [OC@OLO# Mceo NO[[M# @mllo NOG^@# Bold FMZZGL# Kco~dkd UDGLND^E# UDGLND^E# Oo~ml NCOG^# Hgkfodc OCOQOLBO# @ocd [OL@CD^ &>::7'2 Zd{pgkg`o Dvzm{t~d ol` Fwzd~pdl{gd @g{m~`d~{ `t~gle z~delolkw, –Dlg~mlhdlpoc Fdocpf Zd~{zdkpgo{‘, mc ??5 l²6 zz?;7;(1 7 Ho~glo ZMCCÏL [OLPOHO^ÈO [OLPOHO^ÈO &>::?'2 Mktzokgûl# dvzm{gkgûl conm~oc o ~o`gokgmld{ dcdkp~mhoe( dcdkp~mhoe( lçpgko{ w kïlkd~ `d hoho, Gl{pgptpm `d [oct` Ko~cm{ GGG,
?40
Gld{pgeokgmld{ Gld{pgeokgmld{ Adhglg{po{
Ko~hd Qocc{(Ccmndp
Kmlpohglokgûl ohngdlpoc w {oct` `d co{ htbd~d{
?,1, ^GD[EM[ OHNGDLPOCD[ OHNGDLPOCD[ ZO^O ZO^O DC KÏLKD^ @D HOHO ?,1,?, VDLMD[P^ÛEDLM[ Co zm{gngcg`o` `d qtd co ngmokthtcokgûl `d cm{ d{p~ûedlm{ ohngdlpocd{ &vdlmd{( p~ûedlm{' ztd`o {d~ kot{o `d kïlkd~ `d hoho wo atd zcolpdo`o zm~ d{pt`gm{ dzg`d( hgmcûegkm{ hgmcûegkm{ {mn~d dvzm{gkgmld{ mktzokgmlocd{ m ohngdlpocd{?:, Cm{ vdlmd{p~ûedlm{ vdlmd{p~ûedlm{ ztd`dl {d~ co kot{o `d co k~dkgdlpd w ocpo glkg`dlkgo `d kïlkd~ `d hoho kml ~dkdz( pm~d{ d{p~meçlgkm{ zm{gpgm{ ?? Dl Kolo`ï# tl ~dkgdlpd ~ dkgdlpd d{pt`gm?> ~dcokgmlo co z~d{dlkgo `d `gmvglo{ ohngdlpocd{ ohngdlpocd{ w `ghdpgc{tcaopm# kml co ozo~gkgûl `d kïlkd~ `d hoho# dl ~dcokgûl o co `g{polkgo kml co{ gl`t{p~go{ qtd dhgpdl co{ `gmvglo{, Co {t{kdzpgngcg`o` d{ howm~ ktolpm hdlm~ d{ co d`o` `d co{ htbd~d{, Fow hï{ {t{kdzpgngcg`o` dl hdlm~d{ `d ;: oÿm{, Co z~mnongcg`o` `d qtd tl dadkpm o`d~{m o zo~pg~ `d tlo dvzm{gkgûl z~dkmr# glpd~hg( pdlpd w {ghtcpïldo o `gmvglo{ w `ghdpgc{tcaopm {d holgagd{pd kmhm kïlkd~ `d hoho `d{ztç{ `d tl zd~èm`m `d copdlkgo kmhm hèlghm `d >1 oÿm{ d{pï dl atlkgûl `d co d`o` `d co z~ghd~o dvzm{gkgûl# dc pgzm `d atdlpd `d dhg{gûl w co `g{polkgo `d co atdlpd dhg{m~o, Tl ~dg{gûl `d co cgpd~opt~o kgdlpèagko ?; htd{p~o qtd o~gm{ aokpm~d{ ohngdlpocd{ d{pïl ghzcgko`m{ dl dc othdlpm `d ~gd{em `d kïlkd~ `d hoho# glkctwdl`m fm~( hmlo{ w `g{~tzpm~d{ dl`mk~glm{# qtèhgkm{ m~eïlgkm{ w {tnz~m`tkpm{ `d co kmh( nt{pgûl `d cm{ dfèktcm{ w `d co gl`t{p~go w ~o`gokgmld{ gmlgrolpd{ w lm gmlgrolpd{, ?,1,>, M^EOLMKCM^O@M[ Cm{ z~m`tkpm{ m~eolmkcm~o`m{ pgdldl tlo co~eo g`o hd`go qtd ztd`d ccdeo~ o cm{ 0: oÿm{ dl dc ktd~zm ftholm# d{zdkgochdlpd dl dc pdbg`m o`gzm{m# {td~m w cdkfd, Dc @@P w {t hdponmcgpm dc @@D pgdl`dl o zd~{g{pg~ htkfm htkfm hï{ co~em pgdhzm dl dc ktd~zm, D{pm{ gl{dkpgkg`o{ z~d{dlpol z~mzgd`o`d{ d{p~meçlgko{ w okpòol dl dc ktd~( ?: Tled~ H# Igod~ F# Ncgkfd~p(Pmap H# Mc{dl B# Kcot{dl B,M~eolmkfcm~gld kmhzmtl`{ gl fthol n~do{p aop a~mh `dkdo{d` ugpf ol` ugpfmtp n~do{p kolkd~ ol` gl o ngz{w hopd~goc a~mh lducw `goelm{d` zopgdlp{ tl`d~emgle n~do{p {t~ed~w, {t~ed~w, Dlg~ml ^d{ ?760,;02 >0(>6, ?? @dw [# [mcghol O[# Hd~obd~ [@, Vdlmd{p~medl{ how nd pfd kot{d ma fgef ol` glk~do{gle ~opd{ ma fm~hmld ~dkdzpm~ zm{gpgd n~do{p kolkd~ gl pfd um~c`, Hd` Fwzmpfd{d{, >::7 Btl95>&1'214>(1, ?> O~em B,Kf~mlgk `g{do{d{ ol` do~cw dvzm{t~d pm og~nm~ld hgvpt~d{2 Zo~p GGG, Zmpdlpgoc m~gegl ma z~d( hdlmzot{oc n~do{p kolkd~{, B Dvzm [kg Dlg~ml Dzg`dhgmc, >::7 Oz~ ?, E~ow B# B# Dol{ L# L# Powcm~ N# N# ^grrm B# B# Uocid~ H [popd ma pfd dg`dlkd2 pfd kmlldkpgml ndpuddl n~do{p kolkd~ ol` pfd dlg~mlhdlp, Glp B Mkktz Dlg~ml Fdocpf, >::7 Bol(Ho~9?4&?'20;(56, ?; Gno~ctrdo BH# Ad~lol`dr H# [olpo(Ho~glo C# Mcdo([d~~olm H# ^go{ OH# Ot~~dimdpvdo B# Dvzû{gpm B# Cm~dlrm H# Pm~lç B# Qgccocmnm{ H# Zd`~oro Q# [o{km OB# Mcdo L, N~do{p kolkd~ ~g{i ol` pfd kmhngld` daadkp ma dlg~mlhdlpoc d{p~medl{, Kolkd~ Kot{d{ ol` Kmlp~mc, >::0,?42 47?(1::, Gld{pgeokgmld{ Gld{pgeokgmld{ Adhglg{po{
?44
Ko~hd Qocc{(Ccmndp
Kmlpohglokgûl ohngdlpoc w {oct` `d co{ htbd~d{
zm kmhm `g{~tzpm~d{ `g{~tzpm~d{ dl`mk~glm{, Dc @@P atd z~mfgng`m dl ?75># w dl D{zoÿo dl ?755# zd~m {t t{m lm okonû fo{po oÿm{ hï{ po~`d# w oòl {d d{pï tpgcgrol`m dl zoè{d{ oa~gkolm{ kmhm Ho~~tdkm{, Ho~~tdkm{, @o`o {t zd~{g{pdlkgo# ztd`d mcd~ o dlp~o~ dl co ko`d( ko`d( lo ocghdlpo~go ftholo# ftholo# o p~oç{ `d kmhg`o `d m~gedl m~gedl olghoc# `dc oeto w `dc `dc zmcm dl dc {tdcm, Cdml N~o`cmu {m{ptm dl ?774 qtd htkfm{ z~m`tkpm{ m~eolmkcm~o`m{ kmhm dc @@P# @@P# op~orglo# fdvokcm~t~m `d ndlkdlm# ZKN{ w dl`m{tcaïl G w GG# d{pght( conol co z~m`tkkgûl `d tl hdponmcgpm `d cm{ d{p~ûedlm{# co ?1 ocao fg`~mvgd{p~mlo# qtd d{ tl zmpdlpd oedlpd qtd z~m`tkd pthm~d{# w ocpd~o edld{, D{pt`gm{ `dc e~tzm `d Lgkmcï{ Mcdo# dl E~olo`o# fol {dÿoco`m co ~dcokgûl dlp~d m~eolmkcm~o`m{ w kïl( kd~ `d hoho?0, Dvohglol`m dc dadkpm kmhnglo`m `d cm{ d{p~ûedlm{ ohngdlpocd{ hd`g`m{ kmhm {mn~dko~eo pmpmoc dadkpgo `d d{p~ûedlm{ &PDVN(ocao' `dhm{p~o~ml tl glk~dhdlpm `dc ~gd{em `d kïlkd~ `d hoho dlp~d co{ htbd~d{ hï{ `dceo`o{# dl d{zdkgoc dl dc e~tzm `d htbd~d{ `d{ztç{ `d co hdlmzot{go# kml lgdcd{ hï{ dcdo( `m{ zd{pgkg`o{# dl d{zdkgoc dc oc`~èl w dc cgl`olm, Dl tl d{pt`gm ztncgko`m dl >::0 ?4 olocgrol`m cm{ lgdcd{ `d @@p w {t{ hdponmcgpm{ dl co zmncokgûl `d co{ G{co{ Kolo~go{# {d dlkmlp~o~ml tlm{ lgdcd{ hï{ ocpm{ qtd dl co zmncokgûl d{zoÿmco# w co{ htbd~d{ z~d{dlpo~ml lgdcd{ hï{ ocpm{ `d gl{dkpgkg`o{ m~eolmkcm~o`m{ qtd cm{ fmh( n~d{, Co{ g{co{ Kolo~go{ {ml tlm `d cm{ cteo~d{ `d D{zoÿo dl qtd fow howm~ glkg( `dlkgo w hm~pocg`o` zm~ kïlkd~ `d hoho, Polpm cm{ zd{pgkg`o{# kmhm cm{ ZKN{ w mp~m{ {tnz~m`tkpm{ `d~go`m{ `d cm{ zcï{( pgkm{# kmhm cm{ {tnz~m`tkpm{ `d co kmhnt{pgûl `d eo{mcglo w ocetlm{ aï~hokm{ okpòol kmhm vdlmd{p~ûedlm{ ?1 w {ml zmpdlkgocd{ d{pghtcolpd{ `d kohngm{ pthm~o( cd{ dl co{ hoho{, ?,1,;, ZO^ONDLD[ Cm{ zo~ondld{ {ml `d~go`m{ `dc 0(fg`~mvgndlrmopm w {ml ohzcgohdlpd t{o`m{ kmhm z~d{d~olpd{ dl kmhg`o# z~m`tkpm{ km{hçpgkm{ w z~dzo~okgmld{ ao~hokçtpg( ko{, Cm{ hdpgc(# dpgc(# z~mzgc(# w ntpgczo~ondl atd~ml pm`m{ d{p~meçlgkm{ dl dl{owm{ gl gp~m ~docgro`m{ dl ?776 ?5, Ktol`m {d o`hglg{p~onol zm~ go m~oc o ~opo{ lm z~m( ?0 Rthno`m H# Emdpfoc{ H# Oco~dr(Cdûl DD# Ctro~`m MZ# Kon~d~o A# [d~~o(Hobdh C# @mhèletdr( Nmo`o C, Glo`d~pdlp dvzm{t~d pm m~eolmkfcm~gld m~eolmkfcm~gl d zd{pgkg`d{ @@P ol` `d~gopgd{ gl zdmzcd a~mh pfd Kolo~w G{col`{ &[zogl', [kg Pmpoc Dlg~ml, >::4 Ho~ ?9;;7&?(;'207(1>, ?4 Lofdh E^ dp oc, Adhocd ~dz~m`tkpgd m~eol{ ol` n~do{p kolkd~ hm~pocgpw gl Ldu Bd~{dw kmtlpgd{ ?7649?021>:(1;4, @og{ @og{ @C dp oc, ol` pfd ~dcopgml{fgz ugpf kd~pogl dlg~mlhdlpoc o~goncd{, Z~d Hd`, ?7649?021>:(1;4, ^dpfgligle n~do{p kolkd~ ~g{i ol` pfd dlg~mlhdlp2 pfd ko{d~ am~ pfd z~dkotpgmlo~w z~glkgzcd, Dlg~ml Fdocpf Zd~{zdkp, ?7769?:124>;(4>7, ?7769?:124>;(4>7, [pd~leco{ [pd~leco{ DB dp oc, O ~d{zml{d pm kmhhdlp{ ml –N~do{p kolkd~2 dg( `dlkd am~ ~dcopgml pm ag{{gml z~m`tkp{ gl pfd `gdp‘, Glp B Fdocpf [d~, ?7749 >4&;'206?(066, ?1 D,B, ^MTPCD@ED# B, ZO^ID^# B M@TH# B, O[FNW# B,Z, [THZPD^ &?776'2 [mhd ociwc fw`~mvw ? 4;2 ?>‛?7, ndlrmopd z~d{d~opgd{ &zo~ondl{' o~d d{p~medlgk, Pmvgkmc, Ozzc, Zfo~hokmc, ?4;2 ?5 B,^, NWAM^@# C,D, [FOU# H,E, @^DU# E,[, ZMZD# H,B, [OTD^# Z,@, @O^N^D2 Md{p~medlgk okpggpw ma zo~ondl{ gl HKA5 fthol n~do{p kolkd~ kdcc{, B [pd~mg` Ngmkfdh Hmc Ngmc, >::> Bol96:&?'207(1:,
?41
Gld{pgeokgmld{ Gld{pgeokgmld{ Adhglg{po{
Ko~hd Qocc{(Ccmndp
Kmlpohglokgûl ohngdlpoc w {oct` `d co{ htbd~d{
mko~ml dadkpm{ d{p~meçlgkm{ ngmcûegkm{# zd~m ktol`m {d o`hglg{p~o~ml o p~oç{ `d co zgdc z~mmko~ml fgzd~p~mago tpd~glo dl ~opo{, Cm{ zo~ondld{ d{pghtcol co z~mcgad( ~okgûl `d kçctco{ hoho~go{ kml kïlkd~ &HKA(5' d{pghtcol`m d{zdkèagkohdlpd dc ~dkdzpm~ d{p~meçlgkm?6 , Co okpgg`o` `d cm{ zo~ondld{ `dzdl`d `d co cmlegpt` `d {t{ ko`dlo{ w ~ohgagkokgmld{ `dc e~tzm ocqtgc, Dc e~tzm `d co @~o Zfgcgzzo @o~n~d `dc ^dglm Tlg`m `dhm{p~û dl dc oÿm >::0 qtd cm{ zo~ondld{ {d okthtcol glpokpm{ dl dc ktd~zm o co~em co~em zcorm otlqtd co `m{g{ t{o`o fowo {g`m nobo# w cm{ dlkmlp~û dlkmlp~û dl ?7 htd{p~o{ `d >: pthm~d{ `d hoho , Otlqtd fol ozo~dkg`m glam~hd{ ztncgko`m{ {gl otpm~ >:# dl cm{ qtd z~dpdl`dl `dhm{p~o~ qtd lm fow ~dcokgûl dlp~d cm{ zo~ondld{ w kïlkd~ `d hoho# {t{ oag~ho( kgmld{# qtd lm {d no{ol dl dg`dlkgo{ dl ftholm{# {d kmlp~o`gkdl kml co{ gld{pg( eokgmld{ `d co @~o, Zfgcgzo @o~n~d qtgdl# dl tlo ~dkgdlpd ~dg{gûl >? `dc pdho# {dÿo( co co on{m~kgûl {g{pçhgko {g{pçhgko `d cm{ d{pd~d{ `d zo~onçl o p~oç{ `d co zgdc glpokpo# w qtd {d fo `dhm{p~o`m dl ftholm{ w dl olghocd{ dc dadkpm oemlg{po `d cm{ d{p~ûedlm{# co okpgg`o`o olpoemlg{po `d cm{ ol`~ûedlm{ w pohngçl# qtd zm{ddl okpgg`o` edlmpû( vgko, O`dhï{ `d {tho~ cm{ dadkpm{ d{p~meçlgkm{ kml cm{ d{p~ûedlm{ ohngdlpocd{# cm{ ng{adlmcd{ ng{adlmcd{ O w cm{ d{p~ûedlm{ `d co `gdpo>>, Cm{ otpm~d{ z~mzmldl qtd `o`o co dg`dlkgo okptoc w co kmlp~md~{go {mn~d co ~dkmhdl`okgûl `d co kmlpgltokgûl `d {t t{m# wo qtd d{pï dvpdl`g`m dl co howm~èo `d km{hçpgkm{# {d ghztc{d tlo gld{pgeokgûl `dkg`g`o `d{`d [oct` Zòncgko w cm{ km{hçpgkm{ ztd`ol {d~ d{pt`go`m{ dl olghocd{# olpd{ `d {t kmhd~kgocgrokgûl# zo~o pd{po~ {t dadkpm zmpdlkgoc {mn~d dc kïlkd~ `d hoho,
>, KMLKCT[GMLD[ Co{ k~dkgdlpd{ dg`dlkgo{ `d co ~dcokgûl `d co {oct` ohngdlpoc kml co {oct` `d co{ htbd~d{ w `d {t ghzcgkokgûl dl co {oct` ~dz~m`tkpgo# dl dc kïlkd~ `d hoho w dl co ozo~gkgûl `d dlad~hd`o`d{ dlad~hd`o`d{ dhd~edlpd{ dhd~edlpd{ fokdl qtd dc dkmadhglg{hm lm ztd`o {d~ obdlm o co ~dcokgûl `d co kmlpohglokgûl ohngdlpoc w co {oct`, O`dhï{ `d co `dadl{o `dc zcoldpo# `d co `dadl{o `dadl{o `dc hd`gm ohngdlpd# ohngdlpd# co{ adhglg{po{ lm ztd`dl ztd`dl mngo~ cm{
?6 Z,@, @O^N^D# O, OCBO^^OF# U,^, HGCCD^# L,E, KMC@FOH# H,B, [OTD^# E,[, ZMZD &>::0'2 Kmlkdlp~opgml{ ma zo~ondl{ gl fthol n~do{p pthmt~{,B Ozzc Pmvgkmc, >024(?;, ?7 YLm otpfm~{ cg{pd`X Agloc ohdl`d` ~dzm~p ml pfd {oadpw o{{d{{hdlp ma Hdpfwczo~ondl# Dpfwczo~ondl# Z~mzwczo~ondl# G{mz~mzwczo~ondl# Ntpwczo~ondl# G{mntpwczo~ondl# ol` Ndlrwczo~ondl o{ t{d` gl km{hdpgk z~m`tkp{, Glp B Pmvgkmc, >::69>5 [tzzc 02?(6>,
>: Z,F, @O^N^D ol` Z,F, Z,F, FO^QDW FO^QDW &>::6'2 Zo~ondl d{pd~{2 ~dgdu ma ~dkdlp d{pt`gd{ ma dl`mk~gld pmvgkgpw# pmvgkgpw# on{m~zpgml# d{pd~o{d ol` fthol dvzm{t~d dvzm{t~d ol` `g{kt{{gml ma zmpdlpgoc fthol fdocpf ~g{i{, B Ozzc Pmvgvmc, >62 41?(456 >? Z,@, @O^N^D &>::1'9 Dlg~mlhdlpoc d{p~medl{# km{hdpgk{ ol n~do{p kolkd~, kolkd~, Nd{p Z~okp ^d{ Kcgl Dl`mk~glmc Hdpon, >:2 ?>?(?0;,
Gld{pgeokgmld{ Gld{pgeokgmld{ Adhglg{po{
?45
Ko~hd Qocc{(Ccmndp
Kmlpohglokgûl ohngdlpoc w {oct` `d co{ htbd~d{
~gd{em{ qtd dc hd`gm ohngdlpd kmlpohglo`m ztd`d z~m`tkg~ dl co {oct` `d cm{ {d~d{ ftholm{ w# dl d{zdkgoc# dl co {oct` `d co{ htbd~d{,
NGNCGME^OAÈO O^EM, B &>::7'2 –Kf~mlgk `g{do{d{ ol` do~cw dvzm{t~d pm og~nm~ld hgvpt~d{2 Zo~p GGG, Zmpdlpgoc m~gegl ma z~d(hdlmzot{oc n~do{p kolkd~{‘# B Dvzm Dvzm [kg [kg Dlg~ml Dlg~ml Dzg`dhgmc Dzg`dhgmc# Oz~, ?, NDCC# G, ^,# NOC@UGL# K,H, ! [KFOUO^PR# E, D, &?776'2 –Gccld{{ a~mh cmu cddc{ ma dlg~mlhdlpoc kfdhgkoc{2 ~dcdolkd pm kf~mlgk aopgetd {wl`~mhd ol` agn~mhwocego‘# Oh(B(Hd`# ?:4&;O'# 50[(6>([, @O^N^D# Z,F, ! FO^QDW# Z,F, &>::6'2 –Zo~ondl d{pd~{2 ~dgdu ma ~dkdlp d{pt`gd{ ma dl`mk~gld pmvgkgpw# on{m~zpgml# d{pd~o{d ol` fthol dvzm{t~d ol` `g{kt{{gml ma zmpdl( pgoc fthol fdocpf ~g{i{‘# B Ozzc Pmvgvmc Pmvgvmc, >62 41?(456 @O^N^D# Z,@, &>::1'2‘ Dlg~mlhdlpoc d{p~medl{# km{hdpgk{ ol n~do{p kolkd~‘# Nd{p @DW# @DW# [# [MCGHOL# O ! HD^OBQD^# [ &>::7'2 –Vdlmd{p~medl{ how nd pfd kot{d ma fgef ol` glk~do{gle ~opd{ ma fm~hmld ~dkdzpm~ zm{gpgd n~do{p kolkd~ gl pfd um~c`‘# Hd` Fwzmpfd{d{, Fwzmpfd{d{ , &1'214>(1, E^GHOCP# B, &?770', –^g{i dvkd{{ ma {map(pg{{td ol` pfw~mg` kolkd~{ gl o kmhhtlgpw dvzm{d` pm og~nm~ld m~eolmkfcm~glopd` kmhzmtl` hgvpt~d{ ugpf o fgef fdvokfcm~mndl( rdld kmlpdlp‘# Glp, B, Kolkd~# Kolkd~# 41# >::(>:;, BDL[DL# NF# ZDPD^[DL# O ! KF^G[PDL[DL KF^G[PDL[DL P &>::7'2 Z~mnongcg{pgk o{{d{hdlp ma pfd kthtcopgd `gdpo~w oktpd dvzm{t~d ma pfd zmztcopgml ma @dlho~i pm m~eolmzfm{( zfm~t{ ol` ko~nohopd zd{pgkg`d{, Amm` O``gp Kmlpoh Kmlpoh Zo~p O Kfdh Oloc Oloc Kmlp~mc Kmlp~mc Dvzm ^g{i O{{d{{ # >1&5'2 ?:;6(06, BOKI[ML# C, U,# RTCCM# H,@, ! B,H, EMC@ND^E &>::6'2 –Pfd o{{mkgopgml ndpuddl fdow hdpoc{# dl`mhdp~gm{g{ ol` tpd~gld hwmho{ ohmle z~dhdl{p~toc umhdl‘# Lopgmloc Lopgml oc Fdocpf Fdocp f ol` Ltp~gpgml Ltp~g pgml Dvohglopgml Dvohgl opgml [t~dw, ?777(>::>, Fthol ^dz~m`tkpgml ,Qmc >;# l² ;# 157(165, ZOCC# H, C, ! OL@D^[ML# B,F &>::0'2 –Pfd olgccmg` ~dkdzpm~ o{ o ztpopgd po~edp ma `gd~{d kfdhgkoc{ gl htcpgzcd kfdhgkoc {dl{gpggpw‘# O~kf Dlg~ml Fdocpf # 47&5'# ;1;(54, ^dgdu, ZMCCÏL [OLPOHO^ÈO# Ho~glo &>::?'2 Mktzokgûl# dvzm{gkgûl conm~oc o ~o`go( kgmld{ dcdkp~mhoelçpgko{ w kïlkd~ `d hoho, Gl{pgptpm `d [oct` Ko~cm{ GGG, ZM^P ZM^PO# Hgqtdc# ZTGE@MHDLDKF# Dcg{o ! NOCCD[PD^# Ad~~ïl &>::7'2 Ltd{p~o Ltd{p~ o kmlpohglokgûl glpd~lo, Cm{ Cgn~m{ `d co Kopo~opo, Ho`~g`# >:(>;, [OC@OLO# Pglo# NO[[M# Mceo# NOG^@# @mllo# FMZZGL# Bold# UDGLND^E# UDGLND^E# Kco~dkd# NCOG^# Oo~ml# OCOQ OCOQOLBO# Hgkfodc ! [OL@CD^# @ocd &>::7'2 &>::7 '2 –Zd{pgkg`o –Zd{pgkg` o Dvzm{t~d ol` Fwzd~pdl{gd @g{m~`d~{ `t~gle z~delolkw‘# Dlg~mlhdlpoc Dlg~mlhd lpoc Fdocpf Zd~{zdkpgo{, mc ??5 l²6 zz?;7;(1 TLED^# H# IGOD^# F# NCGKFD^P(PMAP# H# MC[DL# B ! KCOT[DL# B &?760'2 –M~eolmkfcm~gld kmhzmtl`{ gl fthol n~do{p aop a~mh `dkdo{d` ugpf ol` ugpfmtp n~do{p kolkd~ ol` gl o ngz{w hopd~goc a~mh lducw `goelm{d` zopgdlp{ tl`d~emgle tl` d~emgle n~do{p {t~ed~w‘# Dlg~ml ^d{# ;02 >0(>6, QOCC[(CCMNDP# Ko~hd &>::6'2 Dadkpm `d {t{polkgo{ {t{p olkgo{ qtghgko{ qtgh gko{ dl co {oct`, {oct `, _to`d~l
?46
Gld{pgeokgmld{ Gld{pgeokgmld{ Adhglg{po{
Ko~hd Qocc{(Ccmndp
Kmlpohglokgûl ohngdlpoc w {oct` `d co{ htbd~d{
E^OW# B# DQOL[# L# POWCM^# N# ^GRRM# B ! UOCID^# h &>::7'2 –[popd ma pfd dg`dlkd2 pfd kmlldkpgml ndpuddl n~do{p kolkd~ ol` pfd dlg~mlhdlp‘# Glp B Mkktz Dlg~ml Fdocpf ,Bol(Ho~9?4&?'20;(56, GNO^CTRDO# BH,# AD^LÏL@DR# H,# [OLPO(HO^GLO [OLPO(HO^GLO C,# MCDO([D^^OLM# H,# ^GQO[# ^GQO[# OH,# OT^^DIMDPVDO# B# DVZÛ[GPM# DV ZÛ[GPM# B,# CM^DLRM CM ^DLRM H,# PM^LÇ# B,# QGC( COCMNM[# H# ZD@^ORO# Q,# Q,# [O[KM# OB, ! MCDO# L, &>::0'2 –N~do{p kolkd~ ~g{i ol` pfd kmhngld` daadkp ma dlg~mlhdlpoc d{p~medl{‘# Kolkd~ Kot{d{ ol` Kmlp~mc, ?42 47?(1::,
Gld{pgeokgmld{ Gld{pgeokgmld{ Adhglg{po{
?47
