Ing.: ELVIA GALINDO HUAYLLANI
PROCESOS AGROINDUSTRIALES II
INGENIERÍA INDUSTRIAL Y DE SISTEMAS INGENIERÍA AGROINDUSTRIAL
LABORATORIO N° 3
CURSO: LABORATORIO DE PROCESOS AGROINDUSTRIALES II. TEMA: CONSERVAS DE PIÑA. PROFESOR: ING. ELVIA GALINDO HUAYLLANI. INTEGRANTES: INTEGRANTES:
REGALADO VASQUEZ FERNANDO. SURCO GONZALES GABRIELA. TAMARA NUÑEZ JHONATAN. TOLEDO MONTENEGRO SHEYLA. VEGA CONDOR JOSELYN.
FECHA DE EJECUCIÓN:
28/05/201
FECHA DE ENTREGA:
04/06/2018
CICLO: NOVENO
SECCIÓN: B
2018 FIIS| FIIS|INGENIERÍA AGROINDUSTRIAL AGROINDUSTRIAL
1
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Ing.: ELVIA GALINDO HUAYLLANI
PROCESOS AGROINDUSTRIALES II
............................................................................................................................................ 2 ........................................................................................................................... 3 ................................................................................................................................... 4 ....................................................................................................................... 5 ........................................................................ 6 MUESTRA:
................................................................................................................................. 6
MATERIALES: ........................................................................................................................... REACTIVOS:
6
............................................................................................................................. 7 ....................................................................................................................... 8 ............................................................................................................ 13 .......................................................................................... 14 ......................................................................................................................... 17
.................................................................................................................................. 17 ...................................................................................... 18
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Ing.: ELVIA GALINDO HUAYLLANI
PROCESOS AGROINDUSTRIALES II
Las conservas de fruta constituyen un grupo completamente diferenciado entre los productos conservados, tanto por su alto valor alimenticio que en la mayor parte de los casos es aumentado por azúcar añadido, como por su particular contenido en sales minerales, ácidos orgánicos y vitaminas. Desde el punto de vista de la técnica de preparación las conservas de fruta por su elevado contenido en ácidos libres, nos permiten esterilizaciones a temperaturas no superiores a los 100°, que pueden ser ulteriormente bajadas cuando se trata de productos en los cuales el porcentaje de azúcar agregado es elevado. El enlatado es el producto envasado y esterilizado. Para la elaboración de enlatados de frutas existen variedades específicas. Estas variedades producen frutas que dan mejores resultados respecto del color, textura y aroma. En este informe describiremos todo el procesamiento de exclusivamente piña. La piña en conserva mantiene las cualidades nutricionales y organolépticas de esta apreciada fruta y nos garantiza una degustación en el punto de sazón ideal. Recordamos que las frutas se envasan en su mejor momento de maduración y calidad nutritiva y a pocas horas de su recolección, mientras que las frutas frescas deben viajar hasta el mercado y hasta los hogares. La rapidez del tratamiento térmico de la conserva y su técnica de esterilización aseguran el mantenimiento del 70% de las vitaminas originales de las frutas. Por fruta entendemos la fructificación carnoso de árboles y plantes, caracterizado por su sabor dulce que puede ser también ligera o fuertemente cido y aromático. La fruta contiene hidratos de carbono, grasas, proteínas, cidos, vitaminas y por último pequeñas dosis de sales minerales, junto a una notable cantidad de agua. Otros compuestos importantes que caracterizan más que nada los distintos tipos de fruta, son los aceites esenciales, contenidos en pequeñas dosis.
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Ing.: ELVIA GALINDO HUAYLLANI
PROCESOS AGROINDUSTRIALES II
Elaborar conservas de piña.
Aprender las operaciones unitarias para el procesamiento de una conserva de piña; usando parámetros de acides y dulzor (ph y grados brix), para obtener un producto con las condiciones adecuadas para su consumo agradable.
Conocer y definir las operaciones unitarias, descritas del diagrama de flujo para las conservas.
Determinar los grados brix alcanzados; el ph y la rentabilidad del producto elaborado.
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PROCESOS AGROINDUSTRIALES II
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Ing.: ELVIA GALINDO HUAYLLANI
PROCESOS AGROINDUSTRIALES II
MUESTRA:
PIÑA
MATERIALES:
NOMBRE
FOTO
NOMBRE NOMBRE
OLLA DE 5 LITROS
2 CUCHILLOS
COCINA
TERMÓMETRO
CRONÓMETRO
2 TABLA DE PICAR
FOTO
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Ing.: ELVIA GALINDO HUAYLLANI
PROCESOS AGROINDUSTRIALES II
2 COLADORES
2 BALDES
CUCHARÓN
TAZÓN
REFRACTÓMETRO
PHMETRO
REACTIVOS:
NOMBRE
AZÚCAR
FOTO
NOMBRE
CMC
FOTO
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Ing.: ELVIA GALINDO HUAYLLANI
PROCESOS AGROINDUSTRIALES II
1. RECEPCIÓN Y CORTE DE PENACHO: Se realiza en control de calidad de la materia prima de acuerdo a los requerimientos del proceso: °Brix y el registro del peso para un control de rendimiento. La piña se recibe sin el penacho o corona para evitar el exceso de desechos dentro de la planta.
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PROCESOS AGROINDUSTRIALES II
3. DESINFECCIÓN Y ENJUAGUE: Se sumerge la piña en una solución desinfectante por un tiempo entre 5 minutos en una solución clorada a 100 ppm de CLR. Después de la desinfección la fruta es e s enjuagada hasta eliminar totalmente la soda.
4. PELADO Y DESCORAZONADO: La piña se pela con cuchillos, primero se cortan los extremos y luego se quita toda la cáscara. Se elimina el corazón haciendo cortes rectos con el cuchillo o con un aparato tipo sacabocados.
5. CUBITADO: La piña libre de cáscara y corazón se corta en cubos de 2 cm de lado.
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PROCESOS AGROINDUSTRIALES II
6. PREPARACIÓN DEL ALMÍBAR ALMÍBAR DE LLENADO: En una olla se prepara un almíbar, mezclando 35 % de azúcar y 65% de agua, y calentando hasta 85° C para que todo el azúcar se disuelva. Se adiciona ácido cítrico (1g/kg de almíbar) y CMC (1.5 g /kg de almíbar).
7. ESCALDADO: La piña se coloca dentro de la olla en el que se encuentra el almíbar
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Ing.: ELVIA GALINDO HUAYLLANI
PROCESOS AGROINDUSTRIALES II
8. LLENADO DE ENVASES: Los trozos de piña se acomodan en los frascos de procurando que queden acomodados para que quepa la mayor cantidad de ellos.
9. ADICIÓN DEL ALMÍBAR: ALMÍBAR: Se agrega el almíbar en caliente hasta 3/4 del frasco y cerrarlo inmediatamente.
10. EXHAUSTING: Inyección de vapor a 85°C 11. ESTERILIZADO: Los frascos se colocan de nuevo en el baño con agua y se calientan a ebullición durante 20 minutos. El nivel del agua debe cubrir los frascos por completo.
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PROCESOS AGROINDUSTRIALES II
12. SELLADO: Después de que los envases salen del exhausting deben ser sellados o cerrados.
13. ENFRIAMIENTO Y SECADO: Los frascos se enfrían primero con agua tibia y luego fría para evitar que el cambio de temperatura quiebre el vidrio. Transcurrido aquella operación, se secan los frascos. 14. ETIQUETADO Y ALMACENAMIENTO: Consiste en el pegado de etiquetas y almacenamiento adecuado del almíbar de piña.
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PROCESOS AGROINDUSTRIALES II
RECEPCIÓN DE LA PIÑA
CORTE DE PENACHO
AGUA
SOLUCIÓN CLORADA 100ppm 5 min
AGUA
L AVADO
PENACHO
AGUA DEL LAVADO
DESINFECCIÓN
AGUA
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Ing.: ELVIA GALINDO HUAYLLANI
AGUA AZÚCAR ÁC. CITRICO CMC
VAPOR 85 °C
PROCESOS AGROINDUSTRIALES II
ADICIONAR LIQUIDO LIQUIDO DE GOBIERNO
T°: 85°C
EXHAUSTING
ESTERILIZADO
SELLADO
TIEMPO: 20 min
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PROCESOS AGROINDUSTRIALES II
DESINFECCIÓN: Para utensilios (cuchillos, cucharón). Cantidad de agua: 3 litros de agua. Partes por millón: 100 ppm durante 8 minutos. Cantidad de hipoclorito de sodio: 6.67 ml de hipoclorito de sodio. Porcentaje de hipoclorito de sodio: 4,5 % de hipoclorito de sodio.
PREPARACIÓN PREPARACIÓN DEL LÍQUIDO DE GOBIERNO: GRUPO
N° DE BOTELLAS
CANTIDAD POR BOTELLA CANTIDAD TOTAL
1
3
250 ml
750 ml
2
3
570 ml
1710 ml
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Ing.: ELVIA GALINDO HUAYLLANI
PREPARAR: A 35 °BRIX
AGUA: 4550 ml de agua. AZÚCAR: 2450 g de azúcar. ÁCIDO CÍTRICO: 7 g de ácido cítrico. CMC: 10,5 g de carboxilmetilcelulosa.
RENDIMIENTO: Materia prima: Peso de la piña antes de pelar: 1040 g
Cubitado: Peso después de cubitado: 450 g Grados brix: 8 °brix
Llenado: Peso de frasco: 179,68 g
PROCESOS AGROINDUSTRIALES II
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PROCESOS AGROINDUSTRIALES II
Se logró satisfactoriamente elaborar piña en almíbar, obteniendo parámetros aceptables de calidad para su posterior consumo. El rendimiento de la piña en almíbar, y rendimiento de la fruta en trozos respecto a la fruta entera tuvo parámetros de valores aceptables para el producto. El exhausting disminuye el oxígeno y crea un vacío generando el no desarrollo de microorganismos aerobios. El blanqueado produce la inactivación de enzimas, tiene un efecto de cocción en la piña y le quita el sabor a crudo.
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Ing.: ELVIA GALINDO HUAYLLANI
PROCESOS AGROINDUSTRIALES II
CODEX STAN 78-1981, Norma CODEX para Cóctel de Frutas en Conserva. Arthey, D.; Ashurst. P.R. Procesado de frutas. 1997. Edit. Acribia S.A. Zaragoza, España. 273p. SEOANEZ CALVO, M. 2002, Manual de Tratamiento, Reciclado, Aprovechamiento y Gestión de las aguas residuales de las Industrias Agroalimentarias. Barcelona España. Madrid, V. Nuevo Manual de Industrias Alimentarias. 1994. Edit. Iragra, S.A. Madrid. 590 p.