¿Conoces...Tu Columna Vertebral?

°O@N@OB_ SR O@FRHNK ZBWSBGWKF0

Hkbsw` _wd Cbzk Jändu %Jäfdu B. Cèkq$

Nkrwÿykk CBCDOKC@ K

‖S@C@_ F@_ ORWD@_@_ CBF HRNC@‘ ;

Nrbswk o`frhnk bs bf s`y`wb ywdnod ykf cb fk ykwb srybwd`w cb nrbsw` orbwy`. N`s ybwhdb hknbnbwn`s bwbo`s& jfbud`nkw ` mdwkw nrbsw` w`no`. Skhgdän orgwb t yw`bmb fk häcrfk bsyd nkf Swkkw cb buyfdokw rn bhk  kn o`hyfba` o`h` bf cb fk O`frhnk Zbwbgwkf& bs sd frmkw k crcks rn wkgka` n` s`f` o`hyfdokc`& sdn` {rb wb{rdbwb cb hroe`s kû`s cb Bsrcd`s bsybodkfdqkc`s t Buybwdbnodks c`fbnodks.. ywkodoks o`n hroe`s ykodbnbs o`n fks hks cdzbwsks Fk dcbk cb wbkfdqkw bsb erhdfcb wkgka`& wkcdok bn y`cbw `jwbobwfb k rn yrgfdo` okck cèk hks kc`f`wdc` t o`njrncdc`& rnk buyfdokodÿn o`njdkgfb t rnk gwbzb mrèk dfrswkck cb f`s ywdnodykfbs yw`gfbhks ` kf zbq f`s hks o`hrnbs cb fk o`frhnk zbwbgwkf …

Ke`wk& fk ywbmrnk cb sd bhywb1°Y`w {rä crbfb0 Fks okrsks cbf c`f`w cb bsykfck s`n hroeks t hrt cdzbwsks. Bn rnk bsykfck bno`nwkh`s odbn`s cb hñsorf`s t kwdorfkod`nbs t kfwbcbc`w cb hdf fdmkhbn`s& o`nsdrtbnc` okck rnk cb bsks bswrorwks rnk y`sdgfb jrbnb cb c`f`w. Fk ywbmrnk cb y`w {rä hb crbfb bs kf zbq rnk cb fks hës wbybdcks y`w f`s ykodbnbs t hroeks zbobs n` bs f` srjdodbnbhbnb skdsjboek tk {rb f`s  dbhy`s cb o`nsrfk ek obn {rb mbnbwkfhbnb f`s yw`jbsd`nkfbs cbcd{rbn fk hkt`w okndckc cbf dbhy` k yfkndjdokw ` bjborkw bf wkkhdbn`. Y`w bff` dnbnkwä kmwrykw f`s jbnÿhbn`s {rb kjbokn k fk bsykfck y`w mwry`s ykwk sr hba`w `wdbnkodÿn bn bf ordc kc` cb sr o`frhnk zbwbgwkf.

7

fk [rdw`ywkudk bs rnk bwkydk kfbwnkdzk {rb fb yw`y`wod`nkwë rnk ofkwk hba`wèk k srs yw`gfbhks& sdn hbcdokodÿn nd c`f`w. Fb ckwë kcbhës b{rdfdgwd` bn `c` sr orbwy` t hba`wkwë bn o`nsborbnodk bf jrnod`nkhdbn` cb `c`s srs ÿ wmkn`s& y`w bncb bncwë rnk hba`w okfd ckc cb zdck.

?

Bnbncdbnc` hd o`frhnk. Fk o`frhnk zbwbgwkf bs bf zbwckcbw` obnw` cb nrbsw` orbwy`. Bs rnk hkwkzdffk ñndok dhy`sdgfb cb wbyw`crodw. ‖_d sb yw`yrsdbwb k rn dnmbndbw` {rb o`nswrtbsb rn rg`

jfbudgfb& j`whkc` y`w wbdnk t wbs kndff`s& o`hywbncdbnc` odbn` wbdnk t 729 wbs kwdorfkod`nbs obwok cb t okykq s`y`wkw ldf`mwkh`s sdntybwcbw y`whdf bs`fdmkhbn`s sr bfksdodckc< kf cb zbq o`nsdmrdbsb cbsyräs cb kû`s cb bnk dzks& wbs`fzbw ybn`skhbnb bf yw`gfbhk. _d& bn bf h`hbn` cb bnwbmkwf`& kfmrdbn fb budmdbsb {rb kûkcdbsb fk häcrfk bsydnkf bn bf dnbwd`w cb bsb rg `& ` sbk& rn okgfb nbwzd`s` j`whkc` y`w hdff`nbs cb bfbhbn`s srsobydgfbs cb cbsfdqkwsb bnwb f`s kndff`s& sdn {r b f` ckûksbn f`s h`zdhdbn`s cb fk o`frhnk ` f`s s`gwbskf`s cbf orbwy`& bf dnmbndbw` owbbwèk { rb bskgk wkknc` o`n rn f`o`‘.

Fk o`frhnk cbgb orhyfdw bn`nobs wbs jrnod`nbs {rb y`cwèkn ykwbobw o`nwkcdo`wdks ybw` s`n o`hyfbhbnkwdks1 ckw B_SKGDFDCKC T WDMDCBQ kf orbwy`& y`sbbw JFBUDGDFDCKC ykwk ybwhddw `c`s srs h`zdhdbn`s t ckw YW@SBOODßN kf _dsbhk Nbwzd`s` kf {rb o`ndbnb.

3

2

:

Fk knk`hèk cb fk O`frhnk bs hrt o`hyfbak t n` cbak cb s`wywbncbw kñn k k{rbff`s {rb fk bsrcdkn ekob dbhy`& y`w bff` ykwk `wmkndqkw sr o`hywbnsdÿn zkh`s k cdzdcdwfk bn cdjbwbnbs srg(rndckcbs knkÿhdoks1 ! Erbs`s ! Kwdorfkod`nbs ! Cdso`s dnbwzbwbgwkfbs ! Fdmkhbn`s

!!Hñsorf`s Nbwzd`s

Erbs`s cb fk o`frhnk. Wbmdÿn obwzdokf Fk o`frhnk zbwbgwkf bsë o`hyrbsk y`w ? ? erbs`s t yrbcb sbw cdzdcdc k bn 2 wbmd`nbs. _dbhywb sb nrhbwkn cb kwwdgk ekodk kgka` t bsë o`hyrbsk y`w1 ( = zäw obwzdo O; k OS; =. k S;7. ( ;7 zäwbg wksbgwks `wëodoks %` kfbs1 c`wskfbs$1 ( 2 zäwbgwks frhgkwbs1 F; k F2. ( 2 zäwbgwks skowks %jrsd`n kcks o`nj`whknc` bf skow`$1 _; k _2. ( ?/3 zäwbgwks o`ooèmbks %jrsd`nkcks o`nj`whknc` bf o`uds$.

=

Bn sè bs rn `c` t cbgb sbw zds` o`h` rnk rndc kc {rb sb knkfdqk cb bsb h`c` y`w h`dz`s knkÿhdo`s t gd`hboëndo`s ybw` {rb n` sb cds`odkn k n` o`h` hroek s zbobs sb owbb.

°Rsbc ek zds` rn bcdjdod` {rb bnmk mwdbks ` yw`gfbhks bswrorwkfbs hknbwk bn bf ? ± kf yds` 2±0t {rb n` kjbob bn odbwk

Hroe`s kr`wbs cdzdcbn k fk o`frhnk gd`hboëndokhbnb bn wbs o`frhnks1 Knbwd`w %orbwy` cb fk zäwbgwk t cdso`s dnbwzbwbgwkfbs$ Hbcd` %oknkf cb fk häcrfk t sr kwo` cb yw`boodÿn$ Y`sbwd`w %kyÿjdsds bsydn`sks t wknszbwsk $. Fk o`frhnk knbwd`w bncwèk o`h` jrnodÿn ywdn odykf bf s`sän t fk wknshdsdÿn cbf y bs` %fks okwmks$ {rb wbodgb fk o`frhnk.9 Fk o`frhnk hbcdk bncwèk fk jrnodÿn cb yw`boodÿn cbf _dsbhk Nbwzd`s` t fk wknshdsdÿn cb fk dnj`whkodÿn zdkf { rb y`w kffè wknsorwwb. Fk o`frhnk y`sbwd` w sbwèk fk bnokwmkck cb h`zbw ` jdakw fk o`frhnk hbcdknb fks hñfdyfbs dn sbwod`nbs hrsorfkwbs {rb sb ckn bn srs kyÿjdsds t {r b wbkfdqkn bf o`nw`f cbf w`no`. Fk rndckc jrnod`nkf cb fk OZ s`n c`s zäwbgwks rndcks y`w rn cdso` dn bwzbwbgwkf& c`s kwdorfkod`nbs qdmky`jdsdkwdks t zkwd`s fdmkhbn`s {rb fks wbfkod`nkn. 5

@ sbk1 okck zäwbgwk y`sbb wbs kwdorfkod`nbs o`n fk zäwbgwk dnjbwd`w k bffk t wbs o`n fk zäwbgwk srybwd`w& dnsbwodÿn cb dnjdndckc cb hñsorf`s t fdmkhbn`s t fk skfdck cb c`s wkèobs ybwdjäwdoks y`w kwwdgk t `wks c`s wkèobs ybwdjäwdoks y`w cbgka`. S`cks bsks bswro rwks {rb n`hgwkh`s eks k k{rè s`n okykobs cb mbnbwkw c`f`w t bs y`w bff` {rb bf cd kmnÿsdo` cbf c`f`w cb OZ cbgb sbw eboe` y`w rn buybw` gkskc` bn rn yw`jrnc` o`n`odhdbn` cb fk knk`hèk& gd`hboëndok t

ofèndok cb fk OZ.

Y`sbb k c`s zäwbgwks kèydoks o`h` O; %kfks$ t O7 %kuds$. 4

Fk kwdorfkodÿn bnwb bf `oodydkf %` O9 o`h` hroe`s f` ffkhkn$ t O;1 `oodyd`kf`dcbk gwdnck bf 29" cb fk jfbu`(bubnsdÿn cbf orbff` %sbwèk fk kwdorfkodÿn {rb cdob sè$. Fk kwdorfkodÿn bnwb O; t O71 kfkn`ku`dcbk gwdnck bf 29" cb fk w`kodÿn obwzdokf %sbwèk fk kwdorfkodÿn {rb cdob {rb n`$. Khgks kwdorfkod`nbs dbnbn fk dhy`wknèsdhk kwbk cb ksbmrwkw fk e`wdq`nkfdckc cb fk okgbqk t y`w bncb fk hdwkck {rb bs zdkf ykwk nrbsw` b{rdfdgwd` t h`zdfdckc. Frbm` cb O? k O= y`sbbn zäwbgwks wbfkdzkhbnb yb{rbûks{rb hëswbsdsdw ywbykwkcks ykwk mbnbwkw h`zdfdckc okwmks %`a` k{rbff`s {rb ekobn dnzbwsd`nbs cb okgbqk bn t`mk t okwmkn bs`s erbs`s buobsdzkhbnb$. _r h`zdfdckc ywbc`hdnknb bs fk w`kodÿn. Bnwb srs orbwy`s zbwbgwkfbs dbnbn skfdck fks wkèobs cbf yfbu` gwk{r dkf {rb

ffbzkn t wkbn `ck fk sbnsddzk t h``wk cbdnj`whkodÿn f`s gwkq`s

;9

Fk Wbmdÿn `wëodok _`n ;7 zäwbgwks gksknb sdhdfkwbs {rb sb cdjbwbnodkn y`w y`sbbw okwdffks o`skfbs ykwk fks o`sdffks {r b gwdnckn yw`boodÿn k ÿwmkn`s zdkfbs o`h` bf o`wkqÿn t f`s yrfh`nbs. Bs rnk wbmdÿn {rb yr bcb ywbsbnkw cdjbwbnbs kfbwkod`nbs h`wj`fÿmdoks o`h` bso`fd`sds& wbodjdokod`nbs& c`ws` orwz` {rb kjbok nrbswk y`srwk y rcdbnc` ffbmkw bn oks`s mwkzbs k o`hyw`hbbw fk okykodckc wbsydwk`wdk ` okwcèkok. N` bs rnk wbmdÿn hÿzdf y`w buobfbnodk t y`w bff` sd gdbn bs rnk wbmdÿn {rb yrbcb `oksd`nkw c`f`wbs bs hrt kèydo` {rb kfmrdbn fbs orbnb {rb sb bsë wkknc` y`w rnk ebwndk cb cdso` `wëodok. _dn bhgkwm` bs c`ncb sb srbfbn yw`crodw fks jwkor wks cb orbwy`s zbwbgwkfbs  èydoks cb fk `sb`y`w`sds {rb kmwkzkn bf bno`wzkhdbn` knbwd`w cbf w`no`. Cdoe` bno`wzkhdbn` kn bwd`w bn oks` cb budsdw cb knbs bs rn jko`w cb wdbsm` cb bsb d y` cb jwkorwks krhbnknc` bfbab wdbsm` yw`crodwfks fk kfbwkodÿn bn bf cb fkcbmwkzbckc {rby`w mbnbwk.

;;

Wbmdÿn frhgkw _`n fks 2 zäwbgwks hës mwkncbs cbf orbwy` erhkn` tk {rb bffks okwmkn hës ybs` {rb ndnmrnk `wk. Fk kwdorfkodÿn bnwb F2 t bf skow` bs fk kwdorfkodÿn hës ybs` wbodgb cbf orbwy` erhkn`{rb okwmknc` kfwbcbc`w cbf :9" cbf ybs` `kf cbf dncdzdcr`. K fk kfrwk cb fk kwdorfkodÿn bnwb sr zäwbgwk srybwd`w1 F; t F7 bwhdnk fk häcrfk bsydnkf cb rn kcrf` t o`hdbnqk bf o`n` hbcrfkw {rb bs rnk dnjdndckc cb okgfbs {rb gkakn fds`s ykwk skfdw okck rn` y`w sr kmra bw` %j`wkhbn$ o`wwbsy`ncdbnb. Bn f`s ndû`s fk häcrfk bsydnkf sb budbncb eksk F?. Bnwb srs orbwy`s zbwbgwkfbs dbnbn skfdck fks wkèobs cbf yfbu` frhgkw {rb ffbzkn t wkbn `ck fk dn j`whkodÿn sbnsddzk t h``wk cb fk ybfzds t fks ydbwnks. _r h`zdfdckc ywdnodykf bs fk jfbu`bubnsdÿn t sb ekffk hrt kjbokck y`w fk h`zdfdckc t jfbudgdfdckc cb fks ydbwnks t ybfzds.

;7

;?

Kwdorfkod`nbs cb fk o`frhnk zbwbgwkf Fk kwdorfkod`nbs cb fk o`frhnk zbwbgwkf cb rn kcrf` bsën o`hyrbsks y`w kwdorfkod`nbs jdgw`okwdfkmdn`sks cdso`s % dnbwzbwbgwkfbs$ t sdn`zdkfbs %dnbwky`jdsdkwdks $. Okck rnk yw`zbb rn yb{rbû` h`zdhdbn` {rb sb s rhkn k f` fkwm` cb fks 73 zäwbgwks. Bs`s yb{rbû`s wknm`s cb h`zdhdbn`s sb sr hkn t f`mwkn rnk o`frhnk jfbudgfb o`n  wbs yfkn`s cb h`zdhdbn`s %bubnsdÿn t jfbudÿn& dnofdnkod`nbs fkbwkfbs t w`kod`nbs $. Fk h`zdfdckc cb okck wbmdÿn cb fk o`frhnk bs ko`wcb o`n bf bsybs`w cb srs cdso`s dnbwzbwbgwkfbs& fk j`whk t `wdbnkodÿn cb fks okwdffks kwdorfkwbs& fdmkhbn`s& bnc`nbs t `w`s  badc`s o`h` fks o`sdffks bn fk wbmdÿn `wëodok. Okck zäwbgwk y`sbb c`s kwdorfkod`nbsdnbwky`jdsdkwdks srybwd`wbs o`n fk zäwbgwk srybwd`w t c`s o`n fk dnjbwd` w. Okck rnk y`sbb sr oëysrfk& bnc`nbs t hñsor f`s {rb fk yw`bmbn.

F`s cdso`s dnbwzbwbgwkfbs s`n kwdorfkod`nbs jdgw`okwdfkmdn`sks. ;3

Cdso`s dnbwzbwbgwkfbs F`s cdso`s d nbwzbwbgwkfbs wbywbsbnkn bf 72" cb fk kfrwk `kf cb fk o`frhnk %bf `w` =2" o`wwbsy`ncb k f`s orbwy`s$. Bsën sdrkc`s bnwb fks 73 zäwbgwks %k buobyodÿn cb fk rndÿn bnwb `oodydkf t O; bnwb fkod`nbs O; t O7bnwb $. f`s F`s cdso`s dnbfbwzb wbgwkfbs s`ntkwdor orbwy`s zbwbgwkfbs t sr jrnodÿn bs kgs`wgbw ybs`s& wknshddw okwmks t mbnbwkw yb{rbû`s h`zdhdbn`s c bgdc` k sr o`hywbnsdgdfdckc t bfksdodckc. Bf cdso` bsë o`hyrbs` y`w c`s ykwbs {r b y`cwèkh`s sdhyfdjdokw cb bsk hknbwk1 dhkmdnb c`s yfk`s %okck rn` sbwèk rn orbwy` zbwbgwkf$ sbykwkc`s y`w rn mf`g` y b{rbû` ffbn` cb kmrk %nñofb` yrfy`s`$ {rb okck zbq {r b ywbsd`nkn s`gwb bf yfk` srybwd`w sb buykncb wknshddänc`fk bn `cks cdwbood`nbs t kgs`wgdbnc` ksè ykwb cb fk ywbsdÿn ekodk f`s o`skc`s. Gdbn& ke`wk dhkmdnb {rb k bsb mf`g` fb ckn 29 zrbfks kfwbcbc`w o`n odnk kcebsdzk %kndff` jdgw`s`$ {rb o`ndbnb fks buyknsd`nbs cbf mf`g` t ktrck k kgs`wgbw fks jrbwqks. Bsb sdsbhk bsë bn bskc` cb ywbbnsdÿn y`w sr kf` o`nbndc` cb fè{rdc`& f` {rb fb o`njdbwb rnks yw`ydbckcbs bsybodkfbs cb zdso`bfksdodckc t wbsdsbnodk.

;2

Bf kndff` jdgw`s` bs rn k bswrorwk o`hyrbsk y`w = okyks o`noänwdoks cb jdgwks o`fëmbnks {rb ‖bnodbwwkn‘ kf nñofb`

yrfy`s`. Bf kndff` jdgw`s` s`f` bsë d nbwzkc` bn fk ykwb bubwnk cb srs jdgwks. Bs` buyfdok {rb fk cbmbnbwkodÿn cbf cdso` yrbck sbw dnc`f`wk hdbnwks n` kjbob k fk okyk hës bubwnk cbf kndff` jdg w`s`< krn{rb bf badc` sb cbsmksb n` ektbfnbwzd`s ybwodgdw t wknshddw c`f`w. {rb yrbckn Bf nñofb` yrfy`s` bs rnk bsybodb cb g`fk ob nwkf cb srgskno dk o`hywbsdgfb o`n rn 5 9" cb o`nbndc ` cb kmrk. K f` fkwm` c bf cèk sb zk z`fzdbnc` hës zdso`s` t ybwcdbnc` kmrk y`w bf bjbo` cb fk mwkzbckc t fks kodzdckcbs o`dcdknks. O`n bf yks` cb f`s kû`s nkrwkfhbnb zk ybwcdbnc` kfrwk t cbsedcwkënc`sb fbnkhbnb bn rn yw`obs` {rb yrbcb sbw kobfbwkc` y`w hkfks y`srwks& odbw`s mbs`s fkg`wkfbs ` ddz`s fbsd`nbs kmrbn cks.`c`s f`s Krn{rbcby`wdz`s dcbkfhbnbwbyb sb f` r gdok` bn bf obnw` mwëjdo`s bs hës y`sbwd`w bn fks zäwbgwks obwzdokfbs t frhgkwbs t hës knbwd`w bn fks c`wskfbs. Orknc` bf cdso` s`y`wk rn bsjrbwq` zbwdokf& fk jrbwqk koñk s`gwb bf nñofb` yrfy`s` t äsb& kf bskw bnobwwkc` y`w bf knd ff` jdgw`s`& wknshdb cdoek jrbwqk ekodk f`s o`skc`s& cb hknbwk {rb bf nñofb` yrfy`s` s`y`wk bf =2" cb fk okwmk t bf kndff` jdgw`s` bf 72" cb fk okwmk.

;:

CD_O@ DNSBWZBWSBGWKF

; Kndff` Jdgw`s` 7 Nñofb` yrfy`s` ;=

Fdmkhbn`s cb fk o`frhnk zbwbgwkf Buofrtbnc` f`s fdmkhbn`s bsybodkfbs {rb rnbn kf `oodydkf t O; t O;(O7 budsbn od no` %2$ fdmkhbn`s ywdnodykfbs {rb o`nbokn rnk zäwbgwk o`n fk `wk. C`s cb bff`s o`nbokn k f`s orbwy`s zbwbgwkfbs t f`s ` w`s wbs o`nbokn fks ykwbs y`sbwd`wbs. Fdmkhbn` F`nmdrcdnkf Knbwd`w1 Cb kyw`udhkckhbnb rnk yrfmkck cb knoe `& bf Fdmkhbn` F`nmdrc dnkf Knbwd`w wbo`wwb `ck fk o`frhnk& cbscb fk gksb cbf owënb` eksk bf skow`. O`nbok fk ykwb jw`nkf %knbwd`w$ cbf orbwy` zbwbgwkf o`n fk wbmdÿn jw`nkf cbf kndff` jdgw`s`. Bs rn dhy`wknb bskgdfdqkc`w cb fk o`frhnk.

Fdmkhbn` F`nmdrcdnkf Y`sbwd`w1 Cb kyw`udhkckhbnb rnk yrfmkck cb knoe`& bf Fdmkhbn` F`nmdrcdnkf Y`sbwd`w wbo`wwb `ck fk o`frhnk& cbscb fk gksb cbf owënb` eks k bf skow`. O`nbok fk ykwb wksbwk %y`sbwd`w$ cbf orbwy` zbwbgwkf o`n fk wbmdÿn y`sbwd`w cbf kndff` jdgw`s`. Bs rn dhy`wknb bskgdfdqkc` w cb fk o`f rhnk Fdmkhbn` _rywkbsydn`s`1 Bsb fdmkhbn` rnb fk yrnk cb okck kyÿjdsds bsydn`sk o`n fk sdmrdbnb. Fdmkhbn` Dnbwbsydn`s`1 Bsb cbfmkc` fdmkhbn` sb rnb k `w`& cbn`hdnkc` fdmkhbn` khkwdff`& {rb wbo`wwb fk ykwb hës yw`jrnck cb fk o`frhnk zbwbgwkf. Fdmkhbn` Khkwdff`1 Bsb fdmkhbn`& bs bf hës jrbwb cb `c`s. Zk cbscb fk gksb cbf owënb` eksk fk ybfzds (y`w bnjwbnb t y`w cbwësBfcb fks fëhdnks( t yw`bm b fk häcrfk bsydnkf t f`scb fk nbwzd`s. fdmkhbn` khkwdff` khgdän w`cbk fks oëysrfks kwdorfkodÿn jkobkwdk. ;5

Hñsorf`s cb fk o`frhnk zbwbgwkf Budsbn hroe`s hñsorf`s bn fk o`frhnk zbwbgwkf t sb ekffkn srybwyrbs`s bn zkwd`s yfkn`s. _`n f`s ywdnodykfbs bnokwmkc`s cb s`sbnbw fk bswrorwk cb fk o`frhnk& mbnbwkw f`s yb{rbû`s t mwkncbs h`zdhdbn`s {r b wbkfdqkh`s y bwhknbnbhbnb t k fk zbq n `s ybwhdb hknbnbwn`s bskgfbs jwbnb k f`s h`zdhdbn`s {rb wbkfdqkn fks `wks ykwbs cbf orbwy`. Swkgkakn sdbhywb t hroe`1 sdn f`s hñsorf`s cb fk bsykfck bn koodÿn n`s okbwèkh`s ekodk cbfknb y`w bf sdhyfb bjbo` cb fk mwkzbckc. Bs`s hñsorf`s jrnod`nkn bn b{rdy`& nkcdb dbnb bn sr hbnb fk y`sdgdfdckc cb bnzdkwfb k rn yb{rbû` hñsorf` o`h` y`w babhyf` rn wknszbws` bsydn`s` cbf fkc` dq{rdbwc` fk `wcbn cb o`n wkbwsb. F`s hñsorf`s sb kodzkn bn mwry`s cb korbwc` k f`s h`zdhdbn`s {rb cbgkh`s wbkfdqkw. Bskh`s sbmrw`s cb {rb sdbhywb kodzkh`s fk okndckc cb hñsorf`s t bhyfbkh`s fk bnbwmèk arsk t nbobskwdk ykwk okck h`zdhdbn`0 Jwbnb k rn c`f`w cb bsykfck sbmrwkhbnb n`< bncbh`s k s`gwbrskw odbw`s hñsorf`s cb fk bsykfck t 'cbskodzkw' `w`s. ;4

Kfm` {rb ykwbobwèk kn sdhyfb bs bn wbkfdckc rnk bswrorwk hrt o`hyfbak t {rb sdmrb sdbnc` bsrcdkc`. Y`w bff` bn f`s ñfdh`s cdbq kû`s bf o`n`odhdbn` cb fk jdsd`f`mèk hrsorfkw ek bz`frod`nkc` hroe` t o`ndnñk bn h`zdhdbn`. K ykwdw cb bs`s ñfdh`s cbsorgwdhdbn`s y`cwèkh`s c dzdcdwf`s k mwkncbs wksm`s bn srybwjdodkfbs t yw`jrnc`s o`nknc` okck rn` cb bs`s mwry`s o`n cdsdn ks okwkobwèsdoks. F`s srybwjdodkfbs s`n fkwm`s t n` sb dnsbwkn bn `cks fks zäwbgwks s`gwb fks {rb ykskn. _b ekffkn fds`s ykwk mwkncbs h`zdhdbn`s mf`gkfbs o`h` rn sk{r b cb bnds y`w babhyf`. F`s hñsorf`s yw`jrnc`s s`n hrt o`w`s t nrhbw`s`s t zkn cb zäwbgwk bn zäwbgwk. _r jrnodÿn bs ckwfb bskgdfdckc k f`s sbmhbn`s zbwbgwkfbs t sr s kwdorfkod`nbs jwbnb k f`s h`zdhdbn`s {rb mbnbwkn mwkncbs jrbwqks s`gwb okck kwdorfkodÿn. Jwbnb k rn c`f`w frhgkw okck mwry` hrsorfkw wbkood`nk cb hknbwk cdjbwbnb& f`s yw`jrnc`s sb d nedgbn t cbgdfdkn cbaknc` cb orhyfdw bjdokqhbnb sr jrn odÿn t f`s srybwjdodkfbs sb o`nwkbn bn buobs` wkknc` cb sry fdwf`s krhbnknc` fk sbnskodÿn cb o`nwkorwk ybwhknbnb {rb hroeks ybws`nks srjwbn. Y`w bff` o`n`obw {rb budsbn cdsd n`s dy`s cb hñsorf`s& okck rn` o`n srs cdsdn ks jrnod`nbs t j`whks cb 'bnjbwhkw' t wbkood`nkw jwbnb k rn c`f`w frhgkw ybwhdb kgknc`nkw zdba`s o`noby`s cb wbekgdfdkodÿn t mdhnksdk bn bf {rb sb owbèk {rb f`s c`f`wbs cb bsykfck yw`zbnèkn cb rnk sryrbsk cbgdfdckc cb `c`s f`s hñsorf`s t ekgèk {rb j`wkfbobwf`s.

79

Nbwzd`s cb fk o`frhnk zbwbgwkf Fk o`frhnk zbwbgwkf bs wbo`wwdck bn sr oknkf hbcrfkw y`w rnk dnjdndckc cb bfbhbn`s cbf sdsbhk nbwzd`s` {rb dbnbn o`h` jdnkfdckc o`hrndokw kf _dsbhk Nbwzd`s` Obnwkf %bf obwbgw`$ o`n bf wbs` cbf orbwy`. Bnwb `cks zäwbgwks j`whkn{rb k okck fkc` c `shñsorf`s kmrabw`s fks cb o`narnodÿn y`wfksc`ncb skfbnsbnbwzd`s ffbzkn k f`s ÿwcbnbs cbf obwbgw` t wkbn fk dnj`whkodÿn sbnsddzk cb f`s hdsh`s hñsorf`s t fks kwdorfkod`nbs. 7;

_d `c` jrnod`nk gdbn fk dnj`whkodÿn odworfk cbscb t e kodk bf _dsbhk Nbwzd`s` Obnwkf sdn yw`gfbhks. Orknc` bf bsykod` bnwb c`s zäwbgwks sb ekffk h`cdjdokc` k wkèq cb rn cdso` dnbwzbwbgwkf {rb n` orhyfb o`n sr jrnodÿn cb o`nsbwzkw bsb bsykod` y`w srjwdw y`w babhyf` rnk ebwndk cb cdso` ` bf kmrabw` cb o`narnodÿn sb ekffk dnzkcdc ` y`w bf hdsh` cd so` ` erbs` bn rnk kww`sds bf nbwzd` sb yrbcb zbw o`hywdhdc`. _d bf nbwzd` bs o`hywdhdc` k sr skfdc k cb fk o`frhnk zbwbgwkf zk k mbnbwkw bn ywdnodyd ` c`f`wbs& kc `whbodhdbn`s r 'e`whdmrb`s' bn fk q`nk cbf orbwy` cb fk {rb fb o`wwbsy`ncb wkbw 'dnj`whkodÿn'. Y`w bff` rnk ybws`nk yrbcb srjwdw rn c`f`w jrbwb bn okcbwk& dnmfb ` ykn`wwdffks sdn bnbw kffè ndnmñn yw`gfbhk. Bn oks` cb {rb fk o`hywbsdÿn cbf nbwzd` sbk hës sbzbwk yrbcb kjbokw fks jdgwks h``wks cbf nbwzd` t bhybqkw k mbnbwkw rnk cdshdnrodÿn cb bsèhrf`s {rb kwwdgkn kf gwkq` ` fk ydbwnk mbnbwknc` y`w babhyf` fk okè ck cb fk yrnk cbf ydb t fk 77 o`nsborbnb cdjdorfkc bn fk hkwoek.

Fk kjboodÿn h``wk yrbcb wbywbsbnkw rnk rwmbnodk {rdwñwmdok cb korbwc` k fk mwkzbckc t zdwrfbnodk cb fk y w`mwbsdÿn cb fk bnjbwhbckc. _kgdkhbnb fks jdgwks sbnsddzks zdkakn y`w jrbwk cb fks jdgwks h``wks y`w f` orkf mbnbwkfhbnb knbs cb srjwdw rnk o`hywbsdÿn sbzbwk { rb kjbob fks jdgwks h``wks sbndh`s `w`s sèn`hks {rb jrnod`nkn cb kfkwhk t n`s y`sdgdfdkn kood`nkw k dbhy` zdsdknc` k rn bsybodkfdsk. _`f` rn bsybodkfdsk yrbcb wbkfdqkw rn cdkmnÿsdo` cdjbwbnodkf bnwb rn zbwckcbw` c`f`w cb w`cdffk r e`whdmrb` bn fks hkn`s t r nk zbwckcbwk kjboodÿn cb o`frhnk t cbodcdw bf hba`w okhdn` bwkyärdo` k sbmrdw& n ` cbab cb

o`nsrfkwf` k dbhy`.

7?

F`s nbwzd`s bsydnkfbs cb okck sbmhbn` hbcrfkw sdbhywb skfbn y`w bf wbsybodz` kmrabw` dn bwzbwbgwkf. _d gdbn fks wkèobs cb f`s nbwzd`s obwzdokfbs o`wwbn e`wdq`nkfhbnb& o`h` o`nsborbnodk cbf owbodhdbn` cdjbwbnodkf zbwbgw`hbcrfkw fks wkèobs cb f`s nbwzd`s bsyd nkfbs ekobn sr wbo`wwdc` okck zbq hës zbwdokf hdbnwks hës g ka` bs bf sbmhbn` hbcrfkw 73

Fbsdÿn cb Fkdmkq` Cbjdndodÿn Bs rnk fbsdÿn {rb sb yw`crob orknc` bf orbff` t fk okg bqk s`n h`zdc`s jrbwb t wbybndnkhbnb. Fk fbsdÿn jwborbnbhbnb kjbok k f`s erbs`s& hñsorf`s& nbwzd`s& t bnc`nbs cbf orbff`. _rbfb srobcbw bn f`s oe`{rbs kr `h`zdfèsdo`s wksbw`s& bzbn`s cby`wdz`s& ybfbks ` okècks. Yw`crob rnk khyfdk mkhk cb sèn`hks ybw` oksd `cks f`s ykodbnbs buybwdhbnkn c`f`w. Cbsowdyodÿn. Bsk fbsdÿn yrbcb sbw h`wkf& yrbcb okrskw kfmrnk cdsokykodckc ` sdhyfbhbnb yw`crodw rnk `wobcrwk hèndhk ywbodsknc` cb rn ybwè`c` o`w` cb wby`s` ykwk rnk wborybwkodÿn sdn sborbfks. Fk hkt`wèk cb f`s oks`s `orwwbn crwknb f`s koodcbnbs kr`h`zdfèsdo`s ` f`s bzbn`s cby`wdz`s. Bn kfb s oks`s& rnk jrb wqk dnbsybwkck dwk fk okgbq k ekodk kwës t frbm`& oksd dnhbcdkkhbnb& ekodk cbfknb mbnbwknc` {rb f`s erbs`s cbf orbff` sb skfmkn cb sr frmkw. F`s nbwzd`s cbf orbff` yrbcbn sbw o`hywdhdc `s& wbsrfknc` bn bf ckû` ` fk cbswroodÿn cb odbwks ykwbs cbf orbwy`. Hkf`s eëgd`s kf hknbakw yrbcbn dnowbhbnkw bf wdbsm` cb srjwdw rnk fbsdÿn cb fkdmkq`. Rnk ybws`nk {rb bsë oknskck& bnsd`nkck& ` gka` fk dnjfrbnodk cbf kfo`e`f yrbcb o`ncrodw dhywrcbnbhbnb. Fks hkfks o`ncdod`nbs ofdhëdoks khgdän dnowbhbnkn yw`gkgdfdckcbs cb {rbfks rn koodcbnb `orwwk. 72

Y`w `w` fkc`& fk bnjbwhbckc o`n`odck o`h` `sb`kwwèds& {rb . kwdorfkod`nbs yw`crob bf cbgdfdkhdbn` cb f`s okwèfkm`s cb fks khgdän dnowbhbnk bf wdbsm` cb rnk fbsdÿn cb fkdmkq`.

Okrsks

Fk fbsdÿn cb fkd mkq` jwborbnbhbnb `orwwb orknc` f`s hñsorf`s cb ybws`nk bsën ` cbhksdkc` bnsd`nkc`s ` cbhksdkc` wbfkakc`s. Bn khg`s oks`s fks y w`gkgdfdckcbs cb ckû` kf orbff` s`n kfks

_èn`hks F`s sèn`hks cb bsk fbsdÿn yr bcbn `orwwdw dnhbcdkkhbnb cbsyräs cbf koodcbnb ` yrbcbn ykskw zkwdks e`wks& cèks ` sbhknks knbs cb {rb kykwbqokn.

Kfmrn`s sèn`hks s`n f`s sdmrdbnbs1 ( C`f`w ` wdmdcbq bn bf orbff`& hkncègrfk& e`hgw`s gwkq`s ` bsykfck. ( Hkwb`s. ( C`f`wbs cb okgbqk . ( Kfbwkodÿn cb fk sbnsdgdfdckc bn rn gwkq` ` hkn`. ( Nkrsbks ` zÿhd`s. @w`s sèn`hks n` kn o`hrnbs s`n yw`gfbhks bn fk zdsdÿn ` bf `dc`& yw`gfbhks o`n fk o`nobnwkodÿn t sbndhdbn`s knsd`s`s ` cbywbsdz`s r `w`s okhgd`s bn bf erh`w.

Cdkmnÿsdo`

‧

O`n jwborbnodk& fks fbsd`nbs cb fkd mkq` s`n cdjèodfbs cb cdkmn`sdokw. F`s wkt`s U t `wks äondoks cb cdkmnÿs do` y`w dhkmbn yrbcbn n` wbzbfkw ndnmñn ckû` ÿsb` nd hrsorfkw. Bf cdkmnÿsdo` bsë mbnbwkfhbnb gkskc`& bn okhgd`& bn `wks äondoks& kfbs o`h` fk `gsbwzkodÿn cb f`s sèn `hks cbf ykodbnb t rn bukhbn jèsd o`. K zbobs& rnk wbzdsdÿn hës kwcrk cbf sdsbhk nbwzd`s` cbf y kodbnb yrbcb khgdän sbw nbobskwd`. 7:

@yod`nbs cb wkkhdbn` cb fk fbsdÿn cb fkdmkq` Fk fbsdÿn cb fkdmkq` bs mbnbwkfhbnb wkkck o`n rn` ` hës c b f`s sdmrdbnbs hä`c`s1 hbcdokodÿn& bwkydk jèsdok t cdsy`sddz`s {rb gwdnckn s`y`wb kf or bff`. Fk hbcdokodÿn {rb mbnbwkfhbnb sb rdfdqk bs d gryw`jbn`& ksydwdnk& t bf ykwkobkh`f& hd`wbfkaknbs ` nkwoÿdo`s f`s orkfbs ktrckn k kfdzdkw bf c`f`w t k wbcrodw fk dn jfkhkodÿn. Fk bwkydk jèsdok bs rskck wbkfdnbkw fk o`frhnk ykwk cbz`fzdänc`fk k rnk y`srwk hësykwk obwoknk k f` jdsd`fÿmdo`& wbfkakw hñsorf`s bsykshkc`s ` j`wkfbobw `w`s cägdfbs& kfdzdkw nbwzd`s o`hywdhdc`s t ykwk hba`wkw fk odworfkodÿn sknmrènbk. O`ffkwbs ko`foe`nkc`s t `w`s cdsy`sdd z`s s`sdbnbn k fk okgbqk t kf orbff` bn rnk y`sdodÿn dncd okck ykwk sr orwkodÿn. Hroe`s ykodbnbs rdfdqkn gëf skh`s ` rnmöbn`s& t grsokn cdzbws`s wkkhdbn`s kfbwnkdz`s kfbs o`h` fk hkndyrfkodÿn {rdw`ywëodok& gd`jbbcgkol& koryr nrwk& ` cdmd`yrn rwk. S`c`s bs`s wkkhdbn`s y`cwèkn ktrckwf`s sdbhywb t orknc` n` sb f`s rdfdob o`h` wbbhyfkq` c b fk zdsdk k rn k mrkwcdk ` rn bsybodkfdsk {rb yrbck wbkfdqkw rn cdkmnÿsdo` obwbw` t cbsokwkw yk`f`mèks mwkzbs. _b yrbcbn srhkw wkkhdbn`s cb cdzbws` ènc`fb ybw` nrnok wbbhyfkqkw fk jksb cdkmnÿsdok `gfdmk`wdk wks rn koodcbnb.

Ordckc` ybws`nkf Kfmrn`s hä`c`s sdhyfbs cb kr` ordckc` yrbcbn jwborbnbhbnb sbw rdfdqkc`s ykwk fks fbsd`nbs cb fkdmkq`. Y`w babhyf`& kf ëwbk fbsd`nkck sb fb yrbcb kyfdokw jwè` y`w cd bq ` zbdnb hdnr`s okck rnk e`wk bf ywdhbw cèk. Frbm` cb zkwd`s cèks cb fk fbsdÿn y bwhddw {rb bf kmrk okfdbnb& crwknb rnk croek& okdmk s`gwb bf orbff` t f`s e`hgw`s y`w cd bq ` zbdnb hdnr`s c`s zbobs y `w cèk bsë hrt wbo`hbnckc`. Fks croeks& `kffks okfdbnbs ` rn edcw`hkskab& ykwk k{rbff`s {rb f` dbnbn& yrbcbn sbw rdfdqkc`s ykwk okfbnkw t kfdzdkw kf orbff` 7= y`w cdbq k {rdnob hdnr`s zkwdks zbobs y`w cèk.

Rn hkskab srkzb t ywbskwfb kbnodÿn k fk y`srwk yrbcb khgdän sbw hrt ñdf. Bf dy` cb kfh`ekck t fks y`sdod`nbs cbf c`whdw cbgbn sbw knkfdqkcks bn okck oks` o`n rn bsybodkfdsk. Bf kr` ordckc`& sdn bhgkwm`& bs wkwk zbq srjdodbnb ykwk orgwdw bf `kf cbf wkkhdbn` ykwk fk fbsdÿn cb fkdmkq`. Fk kbnodÿn yw`jbsd`nkf bs bsyboèjdokhbnb dhy`wknb sd frbm` cb fk fbsdÿn sb sdbnb c`f`w& cbgdfdckc& ` kc`whbodhdbn` bn fk okwk ` bn f`s gwkq`s.

°C`f`w cb okgbqk& zäwdm` t zÿhd`s& sdbhywb bs fk o`frhnk obwzdokf0 [rdsdbwk kofkwkw kfmrn`s äwhdn`s {rb s`n rskc`s ekgdrkfhbnb t n` sdbhywb s`n gdbn bnbncdc`s y`w f`s ykod bnbs. OBWZDOKF1 Wbmdÿn yw`udhkf cb fk o`frhnk zbwbgwkf {rb o`nsk cb sdbb zäwbgwks OBWZDOKFMDK1 C`f`w {rb sb ybwodgb k ndzbf cb fk nrok t srbfb ko`hykûkwsb cb objkfbk& c`f`w c b e`hgw`s t bnwb fks bsoëyrfks. 1 Obwzdokfmdk , c`f`w {rb sb yb wodgb OBWZDO@GWK[RDKFMDK k f` fkwm` cbf gwkq`& knbgwkq` ` hkn`. Mbnbwkfhbnb wbsybkn fk wktbo`wdk cb kfmrnk wkèq n bwzd`sk. ZÄWSDM@1 _bnskodÿn cb mdw` ` w`kodÿn bn bf bsykod`. HKWB@1 _èncw`hb okwkobwdqkc` y`w zäwdm`& nërsbks t zÿhd`s& kcbhës cb hkfbskw mbnbwkf t knmrsdk . B[RDFDGWD@1 O`ncdodÿn {rb o`njdbwb bskgdfdckc k nrbsw` orbwy` t {rb bsë wbmrfkck y`w wbs sdsbhks& fk zdsdÿn& bf kykwk` zbsdgrfkw rgdokc` bn bf `èc` dnbwn` t fk yw`yd`obyodÿn {rb bs fk okykodckc cbf `wmkndsh` cb ybwodgdw bn {rä y`sdodÿn sb bnorbnwk okc k ykwb cb nrbsw` orbwy` bn rn h`hbn` cbbwhdnkc`. 75

Jwborbnbhbnb ko rcbn ykodbnbs o`n sbzbw`s orkcw`s c b c`f`w obwzdokf& ywb`orykc`s y`w{rb bf hdsh` sb ko`hykûk cb objkfbk yrnqknb& c`f`w `ywbsdz` k ndzbf cbf `a`& nërsbks t zÿhd`s. Bs k{rè c`ncb owb` nbobskwd` okfhkw fk knsdbckc {rb wkb bf ykodbnb. Knsdbckc {rb sb cbgb kf cbso`n`odhdbn` cb f` {rb `orwwb t kf cbskmwkckgfb c`f`w ` h`fbsdk {rb buybwdhbnk bn sè hdsh`. Wbsrfk sdhyfb y`cbw ks`odkw fk OBWZDOKFMDK k rnk o`nwkorwk hrsorfkw cbf hñsorf` bsokfbn` sbornckwdk k rn cbsokns` bn rnk y`sdodÿn zdod`sk bn fk n`oeb ywbzdk. Ybw` °Y`w{rä bf c`f`w obwzdokf yrbcb ko`hykûkwsb cb sèn `hks kn h`fbs`s o`h` zäwdm`& zÿhd`s& objkfbk& bo.0

74

?9

C`f`w frhgkw cb `wd mbn hrsorfkw Krn{rb budskn nrhbw`sks okrsks ykwk bf c`f`w frhgkw& bn fk hkt`wèk cb f`s oks`s sb f` yr bcb zdnorfkw o`n& ` gdbn rnk okrsk mbnbwkf ‟ o`h` rnk o`nwkorwk hrsorfkw ` o`n rn k bnjbwhbckc bsyboèjdok t cdkmn`sdokgfb& o`h` fk bnjbwhbckc c bmbnbwkdzk cdsokf. Bf c`f`w frhgkw bs rn` cb f`s y kcbodhdbn`s hës o`hrnbs t rnk cb fks ywdnodykfbs okrsks cb fks zdsdks häcdoks. Cb eboe`& kf hbn`s orkw` cb okck odno` kcrf`s srjwdwën c`f`w frhgkw bn kfmñn h`hbn` cb srs zdcks. Buwkûkhbnb& t bsb bs rn` cb f`s hdsbwd`s {rb zrbfzb kn kyksd`nknb kf bsrcd` t wkkhdbn` cb fk o`frhnk zbwbgwkf& fk dnbnsdckc cbf c`f`w n` bsë mbnbwkfhbnb wbfkod`nkck k fk bubnsdÿn ` dy` cb fbsdÿn. Y`w babhyf`& bn r n ykodbnb bf bsyksh` hrsorfkw cb bsykfck ` rn yb{rbû` kg`hgkhdbn` cdsokf yrbcbn okrskw rn c`f`w dns`y`wkgfb cb bsykfck {rb cdjdorfk sr knckw hdbnwks {rb rnk ` zkwdks ebwndks cb cdso` yrbcbn sbw o`hyfbkhbnb dnc`f`wks bn `w` ykodbnb.

Orknc` bf c`f`w bs rsrkfhbnb ofksdjdokc` o`h` kmrc` ` owÿndo`1 Bf c`f`w kmrc ` cb bsykfck bs cb o`wk crwkodÿn& mbnbwkfhbnb kgkwoknc` cbscb rn ykw cb cèks eksk rn ykw cb sbhknks. Kfmrn`s sèncw`hbs kmrc`s yrbcbn `wnkwsb hës mwkzbs sd n` s`n wkkc`s. Bf c`f`w owÿndo` cb bsykfck mbnbwkfhbnb sb cbjdnb o`h` rn c`f`w {rb ybwsdsb y`w hës cb wbs hbsbs. Bf c`f`w yrbcb sbw yw`mwbsdz` ` dnbwhdbnb %`oksd`nkfhbnb kykwbob t frbm` cdshdnr tb k rn ndzbf hës gka ` cb c`f`w$. Bn bf c`f`w frhgkw owÿndo`& fk okrsk bukok cbf c`f`w yr bcb sbw cdjèodf cb cbbwhdnkw. _dn bhgkwm` zkwd`s kr`wbs yfknbkn {rb bf c`f`w frhgkw cb `wdmbn cdsokf n` yrbcb sbw bnorkcwkc` bn bsk ofksdjdokodÿn kyfdokck k `wks bnjbwhbckcbs tk {rb sr ywdn odykf okwkobwèsdok bs fk wborwwbnodk b dnbwhdbnodk t y`w f` kn` sb hkndjdbsk c b h`c` dwwbmrfkw o`n owdsds t ybwè`c`s cb okfhk k f` fkwm` cbf dbhy`. ?;

@wks okrsks cbf c`f`w frhgkw Fks okrsks cbf c`f`w frhgkw yr bcbn sbw hrt o`hyfbaks t ekt hroeks bswrorwks dnofrdcks bn fk q`nk frhgkw { rb yrbcbn

okrskw c`f`w frhgkw. ! Yrbcbn bskw dwwdkcks fks mwkncbs wkèobs nbwzd`sks ybwbnbodbnbs k fk q`nk frhgkw {rb sb cdwdmbn e kodk fks ydbwnks. ! Yrbcbn bskw dwwdkcks fks wkèobs hës yb{r bûks {rb dnbwzkn fk o`frhnk frhgkw.

?7

! Yrbcbn bskw o`nwkorwkc`s f`s mwkncbs hñsor f`s frhgkwbs. ! Yrbcbn bskw ckûkc`s f`s erbs`s& fdmkhbn`s ` kwdorfkod`nbs. ! Yrbcb bskw ckûkc` bf cdso` d nbwzbwbgwkf. Bs dhy`wknb cbskokw {rb hroe`s dy`s cb c`f`w frhgkw bn wbkfdckc n` dbnbn rnk okrsk knkÿhdok {rb yrbck sbw cbbokck< f` orkf n` sdmndjdok {r b bf c`f`w n` budsk. Bf mbnbwkc`w cbf c`f`w yrbcb n` sbw dcbndjdokc` f` or kf n` nbobskwdkhbnb sdmndjdok {rb bf c`f`w bs yrwkhbnb ysdo`s`hëdo`. Knbs cb ykskw k wbzdskw fks okrsks o`hrnbs cbf c `f`w frhgkw& bs cb mwkn dhy`wknodk cbskokw {rb budsbn kfmrn`s cb sèn`hks {rb dncdokn fk nbobsdckc cb rnk dn bwzbnodÿn {rdwñwmdok cb bhbwmbnodk.

Sdy`s cb c`f`w frhgkw {rb dncdokn rnk bhbwmbnodk {rdwñwmdok Hrt y`o`s sèn`hks s`n y`sdgfbs dncdokc`wbs cb rn bskc` häcdo` mwkzb t {rb wb{rdbwbn cb d nbwzbnodÿn {rdwñ wmdok& t ykodbnbs o`n bs`s sèn`hks cbgbwèkn grsokw kbnodÿn häcdok dnhbcdkkhbnb. Bff`s s`n1 (Rnk cdsjrnodÿn dnbsdnkf t/` rwdnkwdk sñgdk. (Cbgdfdckc yw`mwbsdzk {rb kzknqk bn j`whk kmwbsdzk bn fks ydbwnk. (Ybws`nks o`n jdbgwb t bsokf`jwè`s& knbobcbnbs cb oënobw ko`hykûkc` cb rnk yäwcdck cb ybs` wbodbnb& ` { rb kokgkn cb srjwdw rn wkrhk mwkzb khgdän cbgbwèkn grsokw kbnodÿn häcdok dnhbcdkk. Kfmrn`s byds`cd`s cb c`f`w frhgkw kmrc` s`n okrskc`s y`w rn ckû` k f`s hñsorf`s t/` fdmkhbn`s cb fk q`nk frhg kw cb fk bsykfck. ??

Krn{rb fk cdsbnsdÿn cb rn hñ sorf` n` bs rn bzb n` mwkzb& bf c`f`w frhgkw yrbcb sbw s`wywbncbnbhbnb dnbns` t bs fk okrsk cb nrhbw`sks zdsdks k fk skfk cb mrkwcdk okck kû`. Rnk cdsbnsdÿn sb ck orknc ` bf hñsorf` bs bsdwkc` bn cbhksèk ` cbsmkwwkc`& mbnbwknc` rn c kû` bn fks jdgwks c bf hñsorf` ` f`s fdmkhbn`s s`n bsdwkc`s bn cbhksèk ` cbsmkwwkc`s. F`s fdmkhbn`s s`n wbsdsbnbs badc`s o`nbo`wbs& {rb rnbn k f`s hñsorf`s k f`s erbs`s ` kwdorfkod`nbs. Bn fk ywëodok& n` dhy`wk sd s`n f`s fdmkhbn`s ` f`s hñsorf`s bf j`o` cbf c`f`w frhgkw& tk {rb bf  wkkhdbn` bs ykwk khg`s bf hdsh`. Orknc` f`s hñsorf`s ` f`s fdmkhbn`s c b fk q`nk frhgkw sb cdsdbncbn ` cbsmkwwkn& bf ëwbk {rb w`cbk k f`s hñsorf`s yrbcb dnjfkhkwsb. Y`w bsk dnjfkhkodÿn& fk bsykfck sb yrbcb o`nwkorwkw bhy`wkfhbnb& okrskw rn c`f`w frhgkw mwkzb t k fk zbq& cdjdorfkw bf h`zdhdbn`. Bf cbsokns` jwborbnbhbnb kfdzdk bf c`f`w.

?3

Swkkhdbn` cbf c`f`w frhgkw y`w cdsbnsdÿn hrsorfkw Kj`wrnkckhbnb& fks cdsbnsd`nbs hrsorfkwbs sb orwkn o`n bf dbhy` %kwckn cbscb rn ykw cb cèks eksk sbhknks$ tk {rb f`s hñsorf`s cb fk q`nk frhgkw y`sbbn rnk grbnk dwwdmkodÿn ykwk y`cbw ffbzkw f`s nrwdbnbs t yw`bènks n bobskwd`s ykwk {rb bf yw`obs` cb orwkodÿn sbk ffbzkck k okg`. _d bf c`f`w bs mwkzb& kf ykodbnb {rdqës fb sbk ko`nsbakc` cbsoknskw& ybw` n` y`w rn fkys` hkt`w k rn` ` c`s cèks. Fk hbcdokodÿn ykwk bf c`f`w& fk kyfdokodÿn cb edbf` t/` okf`w yrbcb ktrckw k kfdzdkw bf hdsh`. _d rn byds`cd` cb c`f`w frhgkw crwk hës cb c`s sbhknks& f`s hñsorf`s yrbcbn o`hbnqkw k cbgdfdkwsb tk {rb kf rdfdqkw bf hñsorf` crbfb& bn`nobs bf orbwy` dbncb k bzdkw sr rs`. Bsb yw`obs` o`nffbzk k rnk kw`jdk y`w cbsrs` %yäwcdck cb hñsorf`$ t k rnk y`sbwd`w c bgdfdckc& {rb srobsdzkhbnb okrsk kñn hks c `f`w frhgkw y`w{rb bs`s hñsorf`s s`n hbn`s okykobs cb s`sbnbw o`wwbokhbnb k fk o`frhnk t sb o`hdbnqkn k sryfdw o`n `w`s cdsbûkc`s ykwk `wks jrnod`nbs. Fk dnhbnsk hkt`wèk cb bnjbwhbckcbs wbfkod`nkcks kf c`f`w frhgkw hba`wkn o`n wkkhdbn`s o`nsbwzkc`wbs& kfbs o`h` fk o`wwbodÿn y`srwkf& hkndyrfkodÿn `sb`yëdok ` {rdw`ywëodok& fk bwkydk jèsdok& hbcdokodÿn ykwk bf c`f`w& bo.

Bsyÿncdf`fdsds t Bsyÿncdf`fdsbsds Dnw`croodÿn F`s erbs`s cb fk o`frhnk zbwbgwkf bsës cdsyrbs`s cb rnk hknbwk {rb fb o`njdbwb bskgdfdckc k fk hdshk. Orkf{rdbw ckû` ` cbjbo` {rb o`hyw`hbk fk bswrorwk cb s`y`wb cb fk o`frhnk frhgkw yr bcb sbw rnk jrbnb cb c`f`w frhg kw %c`f`w cb bsykfck$. Rnk wryrwk bn bf kndff` ÿsb` cb fk o`frhnk zbwbgwkf bs ?2 cbn`hdnkck Bsy`ncdf`fdsds.

_d fk wryrwk `orwwb bn khg`s fkc`s cbf kndff` ÿsb`& fk o`frhnk {rbck fdgwb t y`cwèk cbsfdqkwsb ekodk cbfknb& rnk o`ncdodÿn {rb o`n`obh`s o`h` Bsyÿncdf`fdsbsds. Kyw`udhkckhbnb bnwb rn odno` t sbds y`w odbn` cb fk y`gfkodÿn bsk kjbokck y`w kfmrnk cb bsks c`s o`ncdod`nbs. Ykwk o`hywbncbw hba`w srs sèn `hks t `yod`nbs cb wkkhdbn`& bs cb mwkn ktrck o`hbnqkw o`n rnk o`hywbnsdÿn gës dok cb fk knk`hèk cb sr c`f`w frhgkw. Bs` dnofrtb z`fzbwsb jkhdfdkw o`n fks cd jbwbnbs ykwbs {r b o`nsdrtbn fk o`frhnk frhgkw t oÿh` bsks ykwbs jrnod`nkn bn o`narn`. ?:

Okrsks Fk bsy`ncdf`fdsds bs cbsowdyk o`h` rn c bjbo` bn bf kndff` ÿsb` cb rnk zäwbgwk t ywdn odykfhbnb kjbok k fk zäwbgwk frhgkw hës gkak. Bf kndff` ÿsb`& {rb bsë o`nj`whkc` y`w erbs`s cbn`hdnkc`s fëhdnk t ybcñnorf`& yw`bmb k fk häcrfk bsydnkf t k srs nbwzd`s. Bf erbs` bs hës cägdf bnwb bf ybcñnor f` t fk fëhdnk& t k äsb ëwbk sb fk ffkhk ykws dnbwkwdorfkwds. Rn cbjbo` bn bsk ëwbk bs o`nsdcbwkc` rnk jwkorwk cb bswäs {rb srobcb o`h` o`nsborbnodk cb bnsd`nbs wbybdcks s`gwb rn e rbs`. Kf o`hdbnq` bf orbwy` bs oky kq cb wbsy`ncbw k bsb ckû `& ybw` sd fks bnsd`nbs wbybdcks srobcbn bn rnk h`ckfdckc hës wëydck cb f` {rb bf or bwy` yrbcb wbsy`ncbw& bf erbs` bzbnrkfhbnb sb jwkorwk. Fks ybws`nks n` nkobn o`n bsy`ncdf`fdsds& t bsk bndc kc o`hñnhbnb srbfb kykwbobw crwknb fk ndûbq& sdbnc` f`s mdhnks ks t f`s e`hgwbs cb fènbk cb jñg`f khbwdokn` fk y`gfkodÿn hës kjbokck. Fk bsy`ncdf`fdsbsds cbjdnb fk sdrkod ÿn bn fk {rb rnk zäwbgwk sb ek cbsfdqkc` ekodk kcbfknb s`gwb fk zäwbgwk {rb bsë y`w cbgka` cb bffk. Bs` `orwwb rsrkfhbnb orknc` budsb rn cbjbo` ÿsb` bn fk zäwbgwk %bsy`ncdf`fdsds$ k khg`s fkc`s cbf kndff` ÿsb`. Rnk wryrwk k khg`s fkc`s cb bsb kndff` yw`crob fk sbykwkodÿn cb fks kwdorfkod`nbs jkobkwdks& cb fk ykwb y`sbwd`w cb fk o`frhnk zbwbgwkf. Bn bsk sdrkodÿn& fks kwdorfkod`nbs jkobkwdks tk n` s`n okykobs cb s`sbnbw k fk zäwbgwk {rb bsë y`w bnodhk t äsk o`hdbnqk k cbsfdqkwsb cdsbncdbnc` fbnkhbnb bf cdso` {rb sb bnorbnwk y`w cbgka` cb fk zäwbgwk ckûkck . Bn zäwbgwk fk y`gfkodÿn kcrfky`w mbnbwkf hbnb n` budsb cb {rb sb cbsfdob bnodhk cb `wk {rb sbybfdmw` bnorbnwk y`wrnk cbgka`& ybw` f`s kc`fbsobnbs& k zbobs ywbsbnkn rn dy` bsyboèjdo` cb bsy`ncdf`fdsbsds bn bf orkf rn k zäwbgwk sb cbsfdqk o`hyfbkhbnb ekodk cbfknb s`gwb fk zäwbgwk {r b sb bnorbnwk ?= o`ndmrkhbnb y`w cbgka` cb fk hdshk.

_èn`hks cb fk Bsyÿncdf`fdsds t Bsyÿncdf`fdsbsds Fk bsy`ncdf`fdsds t fk bsy`ncd f`fdsbsds yrbcbn sbw rnk okrsk cb c`f`w frhgkw ` ‖c`f`w cb bsykfck‘.

Cb `c`s h`c`s& bf eboe` cb ykcbobw rnk cb bsks o`ncdod`nbs n` dhyfdok nbobskwdkhbnb fk ywbsbnodk cb sèn`hks t n` f` s`hbb k bnbw hkt`w wdbsm` bn o`hykwkodÿn o`n fks ybws`nks {rb n` ywbsbnkn ndnmrnk cb bsks o`ncdod `nbs. Bsks c`s bndckcbs yrbcbn okrskw c`f`w hboëndo`& {rb bs k{rbf { rb yw`zdbnb cb fks ykwbs hÿzdfbs cb fk o`frhnk. Skhgdän yrbcbn sbw okrsk cb c`f`w o`hywbsdz`& bf orkf bs `oksd`nkc` y`w fk ywbsdÿn {rb sb babwob s`gwb f`s nbwzd`s cb fk ykwb dnjbwd`w cb fk bsykfck. F`s nbwzd`s ‖ybffdqokc`s‘ b dwwdkc`s s`n f`s {rb yw`crobn sèn`hks

o`hywbsdz`s. Bsk sdrkodÿn dbnb frmkw bn f`s oks`s cb bsy`ncdf`fdsds bn f`s {rb sb mbnbwk rn gr f` ` hksk cb badc` kfwbcbc`w cb fk wryrwk ÿsbk cbgdc` k {rb bf yw`yd` orbwy` dnbn k orwkw fk jwkorwk y`w bswäs. Bs b grf` yrbcb okrskw o`hywbsdÿn ?5 s`gwb f`s nbwzd`s bsydnkfbs {rb skfbs cbf oknkf bsydn kf.

Rn nbwzd` khgdän yrbcb sbw ‖ybffdqokc`‘ bn oks`s cb bsy`ncdf`

( fdsbsds orknc` rnk zä wbgwk sb cbsfdqk ekodk cbfk nb t o`hywdhb bf nbwzd`. Bf cbsfdqkhdbn` ekodk cbfknb cb rnk zäwbgwk khgdän ekob {rb f`s oknkfbs bsyd nkfbs y`w c`ncb skfbn f`s nbwzd`s sb zrbfzkn hës yb{rbû`s& cbaknc` hbn`s bsykod` ykwk fks wkèobs nbwzd`sks. Fk ywbsdÿn s`gwb rn nbwzd` yrbcb yw`crodw c`f`w {rb sb dwwkcdk ekodk kgka` eksk bf ydb& yrcdbnc` khgdän kc`whbodhdbn` cbf hdsh`& t cbgdfdckc cb f`s okrskw hñsorf`s dnbwzkc`s y`w bf nbwzd` o`hyw`hbdc`

?4

Cdkmnÿsdo` cb fk Bsyÿncdf`fdsds t Bsyÿncdf`fdsbsds Ykwk ekobw rn cdkmnÿsdo` kyw`ydkc` t cbsokwkw `wks o`ncdod`nbs yw`gkgfbs& bf ywdhbw y ks` bs o`n`obw fk eds`wdk cb fk bnjbwhbckc. Bs` dnofrtb kzbwdmrkw f`s sdmrdbnbs ck`s1 Jboek cb dndod`1 °Orënc` n`ÿ y`w ywdhbwk zbq fk kykwdodÿn cbf o`hyw`hds` cb sr o`frhnk0 Fk ywbsbnodk ` krsbnodk cb c`f`w1 N` `c`s f`s oks`s cb bsy`ncdf`fdsds yw`crobn c `f`w. _d budsb c`f`w& bf bwkybrk cbgbwë skgbw bn cÿncb bsë f`okfdqkc`& bn {rä sdrkod`nbs kykwbob ` sb dnbnsdjdok& t sd ekt kfmñn dy` cb c`f`w wkcdorfkw& bf orkf sb c bjdnb o`h` k{rbf {rb sb dwwkcdk k cdsknodk cb fk o`frhnk& ekodk `wks ykwbs cbf orbwy`.

Cdsjrnodÿn cb f`s dnbsdn`s ` cb fk zbadmk 1 °Bsë bndbnc` kfmñn dy` cb `wdnkw `yrbcb cbjbokw0 Bsbfkeboe` bs buwbhkckhb nbyw`gfbhks dhy`wknkf b y`w{rb sbûkfkw ywbsbnodk cb ckû` sbwd` k rn nbwzd`.

Jrnodÿn h``wk1 ° Ek ekg dc` kfmñn okhgd` bn bf jrnod`nkhdbn` cb srs hñsorf`s0. Bs` y`cwèk sbw bf wbsrfkc` cb fk ywbsdÿn s`gwb f`s nbwzd`s ` fk hdshk häcrfk bsydnkf. Odwrmèks ywbzdks1 _d rsbc ek bndc` kfmñn d y` cb odwrmèk bn sr o`frhnk& äsk y`cwèk ekgbw okrskc` kfmñn dy` cb bsy`ncdf`fdsbsds cbmbnbwkdzk. Ykwk sr häcdo` bzkfrkwbsä sr kf o`ncdodÿn kn` cb kyw`ydkckhbnb& orkf{r dbw odwrmèk bs cbdhy`wknb o`frhnk {rb {rb rsbc ektk bndc` bn bf ykskc`. 39

Wkcd`mwkjèk cb knbw`fdsbsds cb zäwbgwk F2 s`gwb _; .

Bukhbn jèsdo` _r häcdo` cbgbwèk frbm` wbkfdqkw rn bukhbn jèsdo` ykwk wkkw cb o`hywbncbw hba`w bf yw`gfbhk cb sr bsykfck t oÿh` äsb f` bsë kjboknc` k rsbc. _rs nbwzd`s khgdän sbwës bzkfrkc`s y`w hbcd` cbf oeb{rb` cb sr sbnsdgdfdckc& srs wbjfba`s& t fk jrbwqk cb srs hñsorf`s. Kywbnck hës s`gwb bf bukhbn jèsdo` ykwk yw`gfbhks cb bsykfck. 3;

Bsrcd`s cdkmnÿsdo`s

Rnk wkcd`mwkjèk o`nzbnod`nkf bs mbnbwkfhbnb `c` f` { rb sb nbobsdk ykwk dcbndjdokw rn cbjbo` bn fk ykws dnbwkwdorfkwds %jwkorwk cb bswäs$ ` bf cbsfdqkhdbn` knbwd`w cb rnk zäwbgwk. Rn cbjbo` bn fk wkcd`mwkjèk n` o`njdwhk {rb srs sèn`hks sbkn o`nsborbnodk cbf hdsh` cbjbo` wkcd`fÿmdo`. F`k wkcd`mwkjèk ktrckwë k sr häcdo` k hbcdw or kf{rdbw cbsfdqkhdbn` okrskc` y`w rnk y`sdgfb bsy`ncdf`fdsbsds. @wks o`ncdod`nbs& kfbs o`h` rnk ebwndk cb cdso`& yrbcbn sbw fk okrsk wbkf cb srs sèn`hks. _r häcdo` grsokwë ordckc`skhbnb `cks fks okrsks y`sdgfbs cb srs sèn`hks& f` orkf y`cwèk dhyfdokw fk rdfdqkodÿn cb `w`s hä`c`s cdkmnÿsdo`s. F`s hä`c`s cdkmnÿsdo`s hës o`hñnhbnb rdfdqkc`s s`n1 Rnk Wbs`nknodk Hkmnädok Nrofbkw %WHN$& ykwk y`cbw zbw o`n ywbodsdÿn f`s n bwzd`s t fk häcrfk bsydnkf& Rnk S`h`mwkjèk O`hyrkwdqkck %SO$& ykwk `gbnbw rn k hba`w zdsrkfdqkodÿn cb f`s erbs`s zbwbgwkfbs< t bsrcd`s bsybodkfbs cb f`s nbwzd`s& ykwk y`cbw cbbwhdnkw sd kfmrn` cb f`s hdsh`s ek sdc` dwwdkc` ` ‖ ybffdqokc`‘.

Fk kww`sds obwzdokf dbncb k kykwbobw bnwb f`s ?9 t 29 kû`s& t kzknqk arn ` o`n bf yw`obs` nkrwkf cb bnzbabodhdbn`& y`w kn ` bhyb`wk yw`mwbsdzkhbnb o`n f`s kû`s. K fk bckc cb 29 kû`s& oksd `c` bf hrnc` dbnb sdmn`s cb cbbwd`w` ` cbsmksb bn fk o`frhnk obwzdokf& ybw` bsb cbsmksb n` sdbhywb sb ko`hykûk cb c`f`w t sèn`hks cbskmwkckgfbs. Orknc` bsk bnjbwhbckc bs mwkzb& rn m`fyb jrbwb ` rn mdw` gwrso` cbf orbff` yrbcbn bhyb`wkw f`s sèn`hks hroe`& eksk ffbmkw ydbwnks k yw`z`okw cb fk jrbwqk t fktsbnsdgdfdckc y`w kjbokodÿn ckû` bn fk häcrfk bsydnkf f`s nbwzd`s.bn fks

37

Ebwndks cdsokfbs _dn bhgkwm`& rn nñofb` yr fy`s` zbwckcbwkhbnb ebwndkc`& ` ebwndk cb cdso` %bf äwhdn` häcdo` rdfdqkc` ykwk cbjdndw bsb yw`gfbhk$ n` bs rnk bndckc hrt o`hñn. Knk`hèk F`s cdso`s dnbwzbwbgwkfbs s`n f`s kh`wdmrkc`wbs bnwb okck zäwbgwk cb sr o`frhnk. Ekt rn cdso` bnwb okck zäwbgwk. Okck cdso` dbnb rn jrbwb kndff` bubwn` o`hyrbs` y`w jdgwks& ffkhkc` ydbqk knrfkw& t rn obnw` srkzb& mbfkdn`s`& ffkhkc` nñofb` yrfy`s`. Bf kndff` bs fk okyk bubwnk t bf ëwbk hës jrbwb t wbsdsbnb cbf cdso`. Bsk ydbqk knrfkw bs wbkfhbnb rn fdmkhbn` jrbwb {rb ktrck k fks zäwbgwks k o`nbokwsb bnwb bffks t ybwhknbobw arnks.

3?

Bs o`hñn bsoroekw f`s äwhdn`s cdso` ebwndkc` ` yw`wrsdÿn. Jwborbnbhbnb sb ksrhb { rb okck ybws`nk {rb dbnb c`f`w cb bsykfck& bs cbgdc` k rn cdso` ebwndkc`. Bf nñofb` sb bnorbnwk bn bf obnw` cbf cdso` t sd wzb o`h` bf kh`wdmrkc`w ywdnodykf cb dhyko`s Rnk ebwndk cb cdso` `orwwb orknc` fks jdgwks bubwnks cbf cdso` dnbwzbwbgwkf %fk ydbqk knrfkw ` kndff`$ sb ckû kn t bf hkbwdkf dnbwn` srkzb cbf nñofb` yrfy`s` dwwrhyb y`w jrbwk cb sr f`okfdqkodÿn n`whkf. _d fk ydbqk knrfkw sb cbsmkwwk obwok cbf oknkf bsydnkf& bf hkbwdkf cbf nñofb` yrbcb bhyrakw ekodk kcbnw` cb bsbyrfy`s` hdsh` oknkf. Rn nñofb` yrfy`s` zbwckcbwkhbnb ebwndkc` bs hës o`hñn bn kcrf`s aÿzbnbs t c b hbcdknk bckc. Wkwkhbnb `orwwb bn ndû`s. F`s okhgd`s cbmbnbwkdz`s {rb `orwwbn bn fk o`frhnk o`n fk bckc t bf bnzbabodhdbn`& ekobn wbkfhbnb hbn`s yw`gkgfb {rb sb cbskww`ffb rnk zbwckcbwk ebwndk cb cdso`. Bs` sb cbgb k {rb bf nñofb` bn bf obnw` cbf cdso` sb sbok& ekodänc`f` hbn`s yw`ybns` k cbsfdqkwsb y`w jrbwk cbf cdso`.

33

Okrsks cb fk Ebwndk Cdsokf. F`s cdso`s sb yrbcbn w`hybwsb wbybndnkhbnb k okrsk cb rnk cbsokwmk cb hroek ywbsdÿn bn rn o`w` dbhy`. Y`w babhyf`& bf okbw cb rnk bsokfbwk b dhyko kw bn y`sdodÿn cb sbnkc` yrbcb yw`z`okw rnk mwkn cbsokwmk cb jrbwqk s`gwb fk o`frhnk. _d bsk cbsokwmk bs f` srjdodbnbhbnb jrbwb& y`cwèk {rbgwkwsb rnk

zäwbgwk ` w`hybwsb cdso`. bn f`s cdso`s Fk jfbudÿn cbsokwmk jrbwqks cb mwkn rn hkmndrc dnbwzbwbgwkfbs. _d rs bc sb jfbud`nk b dn bnk fbzknkw rn `gab` cbhksdkc` ybskc`& fk jrbwqk yrbcb okrskw fk wry rwk cb rn cdso`. F`s cdso`s yrbcbn khgdän w`hybwsb o`h` o`nsborbnodk cb rnk cbsokwmk cb jrbwqk cb y b{rbûk hkmndrc ` dnbnsdckc & bsb eboe` mbnbwkfhbnb srobcb cbgdc` kf cbgdfdkhd bn` cb fk ydbqk knrfkw %kndff`$ o`h` o`nsborbnodk cb fbsd`nbs wbybdcks {r b zkn `orwwdbnc` k f` fkwm` cb rn ybwè`c` cb dbhy`. K hbcdck {rb fk yd bqk knrfkw sb zk cbgdfdkn c`& bn rn odbw` h`hbn` sb ffbmk k rnk dnsknod k bn fk {rb fbzknkw kfm` ` dnofdnkwsb okrsk cbhksdkck ywbsdÿn s`gwb cbf cdso`. Bf cdso` cbgdfdkc` sb yrbcb w`hybw hdbnwks rn` ekob kfm` {rb odno` kû`s kwës n` ekgwèk okrskc` bsb yw`gfbhk. Bs` sb cbgb k f`s bjbo`s {rb yw`crob bf dnowbhbn` cb bckc bn fk o`frhnk ( okrsk hës o`hñn cb rnk eb wndk cdsokf b n fk o`frhnk frhgk w(. Rnk ebwndk cb cdso` okrsk c`s  dy`s cb yw`gfbhks. Bf ywdhbw`& srobcb orknc` bf hkbwdkf cbf nñofb` yrfy`s` {rb sb ek w`` b dwwrhydc` bn bf oknkf bsydnkf& y`w f` orkf yrbcb krhbnkw fk ywbsdÿn babwodck s`gwb bn f`s nbwzd`s cb bsb okn kf. Budsb khgdän odbwk bzdcbnodk cb {rb bf hkbwdkf {r b o`hy`nb kf nñofb` okrsk rnk dwwdkodÿn {rè hdok cb fks wkèobs nbwzd`sks. Khgks& fk ywbsdÿn bn fk wkèq cbf nbwzd` t fk dwwdkodÿn { rèhdok yrbcbn bnbw o`h` o`nsborbnodk yw`gfbhks bn bf jrnod`nkhd bn` cb fk wkèq nbwzd`sk. 32

Fk o`hgdnkodÿn cb bs`s c`s bzbn`s y rbcb okrskw c`f`w& cbgdfdckc& t bf kc`whbodhdbn` cbf ëwbk cbf orbwy` kf orkf fb yw`zbb sbnsdgdfdckc bsb nbwzd`

. cdsokf _èn`hks t cdkmnÿsdo` cb fk ebwndk

F`s sèn`hks cb rnk zbwckcbwk ebwndk cdsokf n` dhyfdokn nbobskwdkhbnb fk ywbsbnodk cb c`f`w. Bs`s sèn`hks yw`zdbnbn cb fk ywbsdÿn babwodck s`gwb f`s nbwzd`s ` cb sr dwwdkodÿn. _dn bhgkwm`& hroeks ybws`nks sd srjwbn cb c`f`w cb bsykfck ybw` y`w{rb dbnbn `w`s yw`gfbhks bn fk hdshk orknc ` bf cdso` sb w`hyb. F`s sèn`hks cb rn cdso` ebwndkc` mbnbwkfhbnb dnofrtbn1 !C`f`w {rb sb yw`ykmk k rnk ` khgks ydbwnks. !Kc`whbodhdbn` ` o`s{rdffb` bn ëwbks cb rnk ` khgks ydbwnks. !Cbgdfdckc hrsorfkw bn odbw`s hñsorf`s cb rnk ` khgks ydbwnks. !Yäwcdck cb f`s wbjfba`s bn rnk ` khgks ydbwnks. Fk rgdokodÿn jèsdok cbf sèn`hk cbybncbwë cbf/f`s nbwzd`/s 3: kjbokc`/s cb fk o`frhnk c`wskf.

Y`w f` kn`& fk f`okfdqkodÿn cb f`s sè n`hks ktrck k cbbwhdnkw sr cdkmnÿsdo`. _kgbw cÿncb sb ybwodgb bf c`f`w fb ck k sr häcdo` rn k dcbk hks ofkwk cb orëf cb f`s cdso`s yw`gkgfbhbnb bsä ckûk c`. Cdkmnÿsdo` Bf cdkmnÿsdo` cb rn nñofb` yr fy`s` ebwndkc` o`hdbnqk o`n fk wbzdsdÿn cb fk eds`wdk ofènd ok t rn bukhbn jèsd o`. _r häcdo` cbsbkwë obwod`wkwsb cb {rb rs bc sbk okykq cb ckwsb orbnk {rb cbgb {rb `wdnkw ` cbjbokw. _d budsb yw`gfbhk kfmrn`& y`cwèk dncdokw {rb rn cdso` ebwndkc` bn fk o`frhnk frhgkw bsë bhyraknc` o`nwk fk häcrfk bsydnkf.

HÄS@C@_ CDKMNß_SDO@_1 Wkcd`mwkjèks1 Bf häcdo` fb yrbcb srmbwdw wbkfdqkw wkcd`mwkjèks cb sr bsykfck frhgkw. Fks wkcd`mwkjèks o`hrnbs n` yrbcbn y`nbw bn bzdcbnodk rn cdso` ebwndkc`& ybw` yrbcbn ckwfb k sr häcdo` rnk dcbk cbf cbsmksb nkrwkf ywbsbnb bn fk o`frhnk. Dhëmbnbs y`w Wbs`nknodk Hkmnädok1 Fk buyf`wkodÿn y`w hbcd` cb bsrcd`s cb d hëmbnbs o`n wbs`nknodk hkmnädok bs bf bsrcd` o`hñn cdkmn`sdokw rnkykwbob ebwndkbudsdw cb cdso`. Bsbhës hä`c` bs rdfdqkc` y wbods` tykwk n` okrsk c`f`w. N` ndnmñn dy` cb bjbo` o`fkbwkf o`n bf rs` cb bsb bukhbn. Fk Wbs`nknodk Hkmnädok ek srsdr dc` k oksd `c`s f`s cbhës hä`c`s cdkmnÿsdo`s orknc` cb ebwndk cdsokf sb wkk. S`h`mwkjèk O`hyrkck1 K zbobs fk wkcd`mwkjèk t fk wbs`nknodk hkmnädok n` y`nbn bn bzdcbnodk bf orkcw` cb sdrkodÿn o`hyfb`& t yrbcbn srmbwdwsb `w`s hä`c`s cdkmnÿsdo`s. Rn hdbf`mwkhk& o`hgdnkc ` mbnbwkfhbnb o`n r nk buyf`wkodÿn y`w `h`mwkjèk o`hyrkck& yrbcb sbw nbobskwd` ykwk gwdnckwn`s fk hkt`w okndckc cb dnj`whkodÿn y`sdgfb. Orknc` sb o`nsdcbwk fk odwrmèk `yodÿn cb Cdso`mwkhk1 wkkhdbn` ykwk fk ebwndk cb rn cdso` frhgkwo`h` & f`s häcdo`s yrbcbn ybcdw rn cdso`mwkhk ykwk f`okfdqkw f`s cdso`s {rb bsën okrsknc` c`f`w. 3=

Bfbow`hd`mwkhk t __BY1 Fks ywrbgks bfäowdoks yrbcbn o`njdwhkw {rb bf c`f`w cb sr ydbwnk bn wbkfdckc yw`zdbnb cb rn nbwzd` ckûkc`. Bsks ywrbgks yrbcbn sbw wb{rbwdcks knbs cb {rb sb `hb fk cbodsdÿn cb yw`obcbw o`n rnk dnbwzbnodÿn {rdwñwmdok. 35

Nbwzd`s Dnbwo`skfbs 34

Yk`f`mèks Cbmbnbwkdzks Bf yw`obs` cb cbmbnbwkodÿn cb f`s cdso`s dnbwzbwbgwkfbs okrsk nrhbw`s`s yw`gfbhks bn fk o`frhnk. S`c` f` {r b rsbc ekob crwknb bf cèk hdbnwks sb bnorbnwk cb ydb& y`nb k ywrbgk fk okykodckc cb fk o`frhnk zbwbgwkf c b s`y`wkw sr ybs` o`wy`wkf. Yrbcbn `orwwdw fbsd`nbs fbzbs bn rn cdso` dnbwzbwbgwkf {rb n` okrsbn c`f`w kf h`hbn` cb fk fbsdÿn. Bsks fbsd`nbs t bnsd`nbs hbn`wbs sb yrbcbn dw sr hknc` o`n bf yks` cbf dbhy` t o`hbnqkw k kjbokw f`s cdso`s cb sr o`frhnk. Bf cdso` dn bwzbwbgwkf bzbnrkfhbnb o`hdbnqk k h`cdjdokwsb y`w bf rs` t f`s h`zdhdbn`s gwrso`s& o`hdbnqk k cbmbnbwkwsb t y`w bncb bhydbqk k cbj`whkwsb.

Ykwbs cb fk O`frhnk kjbokcks cdsokf sb ekffk cbnw` cb rn` ` hës c b rn` cb f`s cdso`s dnbwzbwbgwkfbs. Bn fk o`frhnk c`wskf ekt rn cdso` bnwb okck zäwbgwk. Mwkn ykwb cb fk bnsdÿn hboëndok cb f`s h`zdhdbn`s cdkwd`s bs wknsjbwdck k f`s cdso`s. Bs`s bsën cdsbûkc`s cb kf j`whk {rb y`sbbn fk yw`ydbckc cb s`y`wkw fk ywbsdÿn t hknbnbw k fk o`frhnk jfbudgfb& kor knc` o`h` kh`wdmrkc`wbs crwknb f`s h`zdhdbn`s o`wy`wkfbs. _dn bf bjbo` c bf kh`wdmrkc`w cb f`s cdso`s& fks zäwbgwks bn sr o`frhnk n` y`cwèkn s`y`wkw bnsd`nbs nd yw`y`wod`nkw f`s h`zdhdbn` nbobskwd`s ykwk c`gfkwsb t `wobwsb.

29

Okrsks cb fk Yk`f`mèk Cbmbnbwkdzk Rn cdso` dnbwzbwbgwkf skn` dbnb rnk mwkn oknd ckc cb fè{rdc` bn bf nñofb` yrfy`s` %fk y`wodÿn obnwkf cbf cdso`$. Bf o`nbndc` cb kmrk fb o`njdbwb kf nñofb` rnk okfdckc bsy`na`sk t ybwhdb {rb kgs`wgk fk bnsdÿn {rb cbgb s`y`wkw fk o`frhnk. Fks ywbsd`nbs ` fbsd`nbs buobsdzks s`gwb bf cd so` yrbcbn okrskw

rnk fbsdÿn bn bf kndff`wbsdsbnb$& jdgw`s` %bfbfkndff` bubwn` o`nj`whkc` y`w hkbwdkf fdmkhbn`s` orkf hkndbnb k fks zäwbgwks rndcks. Bf kndff` jdgw`s` bs mbnbwkfhbnb fk ywdhbwk y`wodÿn c bf cdso` bn sbw ckûkck. Yb{rbû`s cbsmkww`s kykwbobn bn bf hkbwdkf fdmkhbn`s` cbf kndff` jdgw`s`. Bs`s cbsmkww`s sb orwkn o`n badc` odokwd qkf& {rb n` bs kn wbsdsbnb o`h` bf badc` cbf fdmkhbn` n `whkf. Bf kndff` jdgw`s` sb zrbfzb hës cägd f k f` fkwm` cbf dbhy` k hbcdck {rb sb j`whk hës badc` odokwdqkf. Bs` yrbcb o`ncro dw kf ckû` cbf nñofb` yrfy`s`& o`hbnqknc` k ybwcbw sr o`nbndc` cb kmrk t k sbokwsb. Fk yäwcdck cb o`nbndc` kor`s` yrbcb okrskw {rb f`s cdso`s ydbwckn kfm` cb sr okykodckc kh`wdmrkc`wk. Bs` yrbcb o`ncrodw k rnk hkt`w  bnsdÿn s`gwb bf kndff` t krn hës cbsmkww`s k hbcdck {rb bf odof` sb wbydb.

Orknc` bf nñofb` ydbwcb sr fè{rdc`& bf hdsh` o`fkysk mbnbwknc` {rb khgks zäwbgwks %fk {r b bsë y`w bnodhk t fk {rb bsë y`w cbgka` cbf cdso`$& sb kobw{rbn bnwb sd. Bs` wkb o`h` o`nsborbnodk bf bswboekhdbn` cbf bsykod` {rb `oryk bf cdso` bnwb fks c`s zäwbgwks.

2;

Hdbnwks {rb `orwwb bsb okhgd`& fks k wdorfkod`nbs jkobkwèks %sdrkcks bn fk ykwb y`sbwd`w cb fk o`frhnk$ s`n j`wqkcks k srjwdw h`cdjdokod`nbs bn sr y`sdodÿn. Bsks h`cdjdokod`nbs cb y`sdodÿn& okhgdkn fk hknbwk bn { rb fks kwdorfkod`nbs jkobkwèks dnbwkoñkn bnwb sè& f` orkf yrbcb khgdän okrskw yw`gfbhks t wkbw nrbz`s c`f`wbs. Yrbcbn o`hbnqkw k j`whkwsb yw`tbood`nbs ÿsbks& khgdän ffkhkcks `sb`jd`s& kfwbcbc`w cbf bsykod` cbf cdso`& ` khgdän kfwbcbc`w cb fks kwdorfkod`nbs jkobkwèks. _b owbb {rb bs` bs rnk wbsyrbsk cbf orbwy` kf dn bnkw cbbnbw Bsks `sb`jd`s %o`n`odcks y`w hr oek mbnb o`h` ydo`s cb f`w`$ yrbcbn o`nzbwdwsb bn rn yw`gfbhk sd o`hdbnqkn k dwwrhydw bn bf oknkf bsydnkf t k o`hywdhdw fk häcrfk bsydnkf t f`s nbwzd`s bsydnkfbs. Bsk bnjbwhbckc bs o`n`odck khgdän o`h` bsbn`sds bsydnkf ` oknkf bswboe`. bf buobs` cb h`zdhdbn` bn bsb sbmhbn` cb fk o`frhnk.

27

_èn`hks cb fk Yk`f`mèk Cbmbnbwkdzk Cbnw` cb f`s ywdhbw`s sèn `hks& bf hës o`hñn c b fk bnjbwhbckc cbmbnbwkdzk cdsokf sb hkndjdbsk mbnbwkfhbnb o`h` rn c`f`w cb bsykfck {rb yrbcb bubncbwsb eksk f`s mfñb`s t fk y`wodÿn srybwd`w cb f`s hrsf`s. Orknc` f`s häcdo`s ekgfkn cb ‖bnjbwhbckc cbmbnbwkdzk cdsokf‘ mbnbwkfhbnb sb bsën wbjdwdbnc` k rnk

o`hgdnkodÿn cb yw`gfbhks bn fk o`frhnk { rb o`hdbnqk o`n rn ckû` kf cdso`& ybw` {rb bzbnrkfhbnb kjbok kf wbs` cb fk o`frhnk. _b owbb {rbcdoe`& f`s yw`gfbhks { rb srwmbn cb rn cdso` cbmbnbwkc` yw`ydkhbnb dnofrtbn bf c`f`w cdso`mändo`& t bf yw`fkys` cbf cdso` %cdso` skfdbnb$.

C`f`w Cdso`mändo`

Bf c`f`w cdso`mändo` / cdsoÿmbn` bs rn äwhdn` {rb f`s bsybodkfdsks bn o`frhnk rdfdqkn ykwk wbjbwdwsb k k{rbf c`f`w okrskc` y`w rn ckû` kf cdso` dnbwzbwbgwkf. Rn cdso` {rb ek srjwdc` rnk cbmbnbwkodÿn yrbcb okrskw c`f`w hboëndo` %` bswrorwkf$. K hbcdck {rb bf cdso` o`hdbnqk k cbmbnbwkwsb& budsb odbwk bzdcbnodk cb {rb bf c dso` bn sè hdsh` yrbcb kf cdso`sbwyrbcbn fk jrbnb ckwcbf frmkw c `f`w kf .c`f`w H `zdhdbn`s cb bsykfck{rb {rbfb ykwbob mbnbwknzbndw  bnsdÿn cbf cdso`. Bsb eboe` bs sdhdfkw k orknc` orkf{rdbw `wk ykwb cbf orbwy` bsë fbsd`nkck& o`h` y`w babhyf`& rn erbs` {r bgwkc` ` rn o`wb bn fk ydbf. Tk {rb kf h`zbw fks ykwbs fbsd`nkcks sd sb sdbnb c`f`w ybw` kf hknbnbwfks {rdbks& n`. Bf c`f`w cdso`mändo` mbnbwkfhbnb okrsk c`f`w bn fk ykwb dnjbwd`w cb fk bsykfck. Yrbcb khgdän sbndwsb o`h` rn c`f`w yw`zbndbnb cbf ëwbk cb f`s mfñb`s ` dnofrsdzb bn q`nks hës gkaks o`h` fk y `wodÿn srybwd`w cb f`s hrsf`s. Bf sbndw c`f`w bn ëwbks kfbakcks cb fk jrbnb wbkf cbf hdsh` bs hrt o`hñn bn zkwdks ykwbs cbf orbwy`& n` s`fkhbnb bn fk o`frhnk. Y`w babhyf`& Rnk ybws`nk o`n oëforf`s gdfdkwbs yrbcb sbndw c`f`w sr e`hgw` ` rn k ybws`nk {rb bsë srjwdbnc` rn kk{ rb kf o`wkqÿn 2? yrbcb sbndw c`f`w bn sr gwkq` dq{rdbwc`.

. Bs hrt o`hñn {rb bf c`f`w yw`crodc` y`w kjbood`nbs cb fk o`frhnk sb sdbnkn bn cdjbwbnbs ëwbks cbf orbwy` dnofrtbnc` fk bsykfck

Cdso`s yw`rdc`s F`s cdso`s yw`wrdc `s s`n gksknb o`hrnbs bn kcrf`s aÿzbnbs t hkt`wbs t n ` s`n okrsk ykwk bnwkw bn yëndo`.

Kfmrnks kn`whkfdckcbs& kfbs o`h` f`s cdso`s yw`wrdc`s& s`n cbbokc`s o`n kfk jwborbnodk bn bsrcd `s cb dhëmbnbs y`w wbs`nknodk hkmnädok kn` bn ykodbnbs o`n c`f`w cb bsykfck o`h` bn k{rbff`s sdn c`f`w. Kfmrn`s cdso`s hrt yw`gkgfbhbnb o`hdbnqkn k yw`wrdwsb o`h` ykwb cb yw`obs`s o`h` bf c b bnzbabodhdbn` t bf c b cbmbnbwkodÿn cbf cdso`. Rn cdso` yw`wrèc` n` bs nbobskwdkhbnb rn sdmn` cb {rb kfm` mwkzb fb bsë srobcdbnc` k sr o`frhnk. Ksè o`h` hroek mbnb  dbnb yw`gfbhks cdsokfbs sdn skgbwf` tk {rb zdzbn sdn cdsokf& c`f`w& sdo`n k rsbc fb crbfb t kcborkc` dbnb rn k y`cwë ` hës z`fzbw cb rnk k yw`wrsdÿn rn wkkhdbn` o`nzdzdw o`n srs fbsd`nbs cdsokfbs bn ykq. Rn cdso` yw`wrdc` ffbmk k sbw mwkzb s`fkhbnb orknc ` fk yw`wrsdÿn bs cb rnk hkmndrc srjdodbnb o`h` ykwk okrskw rn bswboekhdbn` cbf oknkf bsydnkf. _d sb bnorbnwkn ywbsbnbs yw`tbood`nbs ÿsbks %`sb`jd`s$ bn fks kwdorfkod`nbs jkobkwdks y`w cbwës cbf cdso` yw`wrdc`& fk o`hgdnkodÿn cb khgks o`ncdod`nbs yrbcb okrskw rn bswboekhdbn` cbf oknkf bsydnkf bn bsk ëwbk. Bsk sdrkodÿn bs k zbobs wbjbwdck o`h` ‖bsbn`sds bsydnkf sbmhbnkwèk‘.

Knbs cb {rb sr häcdo` yrbck cdkmn`sdokw sr o`ncdodÿn t cdsbûkw rn yfkn cbf wkkhdbn`& bs nbobskwd` `gbnbw rnk eds`wdk ofèndok t rn bukhbn jèsdo` o`hyfb`s.

23

Budsbn knks okrsks y `sdgfbs cb c`f`w. Bs dhy`wknb cbbwhdnkw orëf bs t orëf n` bs fk wkèq cbf yw`gfbhk. Fb yrbcbn ybcdw {rb sb ekmk rnk zkwdbckc cb bsrcd`s cdkmnÿsdo`s. F`s bsrcd`s cdkmnÿsdo`s s`fdodkc`s sb gkskn bn f` {rb sr häcdo` s`syboek {rb yrbcb sbw fk okrsk cb sr c`f`w. Fks ywrbgks cb cdkmnÿsdo` hks o`hrnbs rdfdqkcks ykwk cdkmn`sdokw rnk bnjbwhbckc c bmbnbwkdzk cbf cdso` s`n wkcd`mwkjèks o`hrnbs %Wkt`s U$ t Wbs`nknodk Hkmnädok Nrofbkw. _d sr häcdo` s`syboek fk budsbnodk cb rnk cbmbnbwkodÿn cdsokf& fks wkcd`mwkjèks yrbcbn sbw rdfdqkcks ykwk o`njdwhkw rnk cdshdnrodÿn bn fk kfrwk cbf bsykod` bnwb fks zäwbgwks& fk budsbnodk cb yw`tbood`nbs ÿsbks %`sb`jd`s$& rn k edybww`jdk jkobkwèk %krhbn` cb khkû`$& t fk dnbskgdfdckc crwknb fk jfbudÿn ` fk bubnsdÿn cb f`s hd bhgw`s. Rn bsrcd` cb dhëmbnbs y`w hbcd` cb wbs`nknodk hkmnädok yrbcb zbwdjdokw fk y äwcdck cb fè{rdc` cb rn cdso`& rnk edy bww`jdk cb fk kwdorfkodÿn jkobkwèk& rnk bsbn`sds& ` rnk ebwndk cb cdso`.

22

2:

BABWODOD@_ YKWK RNK B_YKFCK _KNK _bmñn fks bskcèsdoks fks ?/3 ykwbs cb fk y`gfkodÿn ekn ykcbodc` kfmrnk zbq rn byds`cd` cb c`f`w cb bsykfck dnbns`. Bf c`f`w cb bsykfck kykwbob& bn fk hkt`wèk cb f`s oks`s& o`h` bf wbsrfkc` cb rnk jkfk cb b{rdfdgwd` t o``wcdnkodÿn bnwb fk jrbwqk t fk jfbudgdfdckc h`swkck y`w f`s hñsorf`s cb fk y kwb c`wskf cbf w`no` t fk buedgd ck y`w fk ykwb kn bwd`w& kgc`hdnkf& bn bf h`hbn` cb bfbzkw rn ybs`& cb hknbnbw rnk y`sdodÿn dno`wwbok `& sdhyfbhbnb& o`h` o`nsborbnodk hboëndo`.cb rnk s`gwbokwmk cb  dy` _d grsokh`s buyfdokod`nbs k bs`s ck`s kfkwhknbs bno`nwkwbh`s fks sdmrdbnbs okrsks1 ;1 Jkfk cb h`zdhdbn` o`h` o`nsborbnodk cb nrbswk zdck bondjdokck {rb cbwdzk bn rnk cbgdfdckc hr sorfkw. 7. Hknbndhdbn` cb y`srwks dno`wwboks t wbkfdqkodÿn cb h`zdhdbn`s rndfkbwkfbs % c`whdw hkf& sbnkwsb dno`wwbokhbnb& rdfdqkw sdbhywb f`s hdsh`s mwry`s hrsorfkwbs bn cbwdhbn` cb sr s knkm`ndsks$. ?. Ykrks cb h`zdhdbn` bwwÿnbks {rb wb{rdbwbn rn bsjrbwq` buobsdz`o`h` %okfqkc` dnkcborkc`& oksk bn y`srwks dnkcborkcks yfknoekw& jwbmkw& wkgka` ykskw fkbnksydwkc`wk& y`nbwsb cb yrndffks ykwk kfoknqkw rn `gab`..$ 3. Wbo`wckw {rb k ykwdw cb f`s 79 kû`s sb yw`cr ob rn yw`obs` cbmbnbwkdz` bn f`s cdso`s dnbwzbwbgwkfbs {rb yrbcbn sbw o`hgkdc`s o`n rnk hrsor fkrwk kcborkck t o`wwbokhbnb `ndjdokck. Y`w ñfdh` wks`wn`s ysdo`s`hëdo`s& f`s bsjrbwq`s ys è{rdo`s t bf 2. bswäs ekobn {rb fk bsykfck sb o`nwkdmk.

2=

BABWODOD@ ; Y`sdodÿn Dndodkf 1 Cboñgd` srydn` o`n fks w`cdffks c`gfkcks. Hkn`s kwës. Baborodÿn1 S`okw o`n fks hkn`s fks w`cdffks. Crwkodÿn 1 ;9 wbybdod`nbs % ; sbwdb $ Jwborbnodk1 Cdkwdk Yw`mwbsdÿn1 Yw`mwbskw bn ; sbwdb okck ; ` 7 sbhknks eksk rnk hëudh` cb ? sbwdbs. @gsbwzkod`nbs1 Wbkfdqkw bf babwodod` fbnkhbnb tsdn yw`z`okw c`f`w.

BABWODOD@ 7 Y`sdodÿn Dndodkf1 Cboñgd` c`wskf o`n fks w`cdffks jfbud`nkcks. Yfknks cb f`s ydbs s`gwb bf yfkn` cbf srbf` t gwkq`s owrqkc`s s`gwb bf yboe`. Baborodÿn1 Bfbzkodÿn cb fk okgbqk t w`no` cb ?9 k :9 oh. Crwkodÿn1 Bf ywdhbw cèk 3 zbobs& bf 7± cdk : zbobs t bf ?±& ;9 zbobs Jwborbnodk1 Cdkwdk Yw`mwbsdÿn1 Yw`mwbskw bn ; sbwdb okck ; ` 7 sbhknks eksk rnk hëudh` cb ? sbwdbs. @gsbwzkod`nbs1 Wbkfdqkw bf babwodod` fbnkhbnb t sdn yw`z`okw c`f`w.

25

BABWODOD@ ? Y`sdodÿn Dndodkf1 Gwkq`s bn owrq. Ydbwnks arnks. Baborodÿn1 S`okw f`s ydbs o`n fks hkn`s. Crwkodÿn1 ;9 wbybdod`nbs % ; sbwdb $ Jwborbnodk1 Cdkwdk Yw`mwbsdÿn1 Yw`mwbskw bn ; sbwdb okck ; ` 7 sbhknks eksk rnk hëudh` cb ? sbwdbs. @gsbwzkod`nbs1 Wbkfdqkw bf babwodod` fbnkhbnb t sdn yw`z`okw c`f`w.

BABWODOD@ 3 Y`sdodÿn Dndodkf1 Gwkq`s bn owrq t ydbwnks arnks. Baborodÿn1 C`gfkw fks ydbwnks t kgwkqkwfks sdn `okw bf srbf`%kfbwnkdzkhbnb$. Crwkodÿn1 ;9 wbybdod`nbs % ; sbwdb $ Jwborbnodk1 Cdkwdk Yw`mwbsdÿn1 Yw`mwbskw bn ; sbwdb okck ; ` 7 sbhknks eksk rnk hëudh` cb ? sbwdbs. @gsbwzkod`nbs1 Wbkfdqkw bf babwodod` fbnkhbnb t sdn yw`z`okw c`f`w.

24

BABWODOD@ 2 Y`sdodÿn Dndodkf1 Cboñgd` c`wskf ybw` o`n f`s gwkq`s bubncdc`s k f` fkwm` cbf orbwy`. Baborodÿn1 Jfbudÿn cb fks ydbwnks t hrsf`s eksk o`nkokw äsks o`n fk ykwbc kgc`hdnkf. Z`fzbw k fk y`sdodÿn dndodkf. Crwkodÿn1 ;9 wbybdod`nbs % ; sbwdb $ Jwborbnodk1 Cdkwdk Yw`mwbsdÿn1 Yw`mwbskw bn ; sbwdb okck ; ` 7 sbhknks eksk rnk hëudh` cb ? sbwdbs. @gsbwzkod`nbs1 Wbkfdqkw bf babwodod` fbnkhbnb t sdn yw`z`okw c`f`w.

BABWODOD@ : Baborodÿn1 K mkks & bsdwkw rnk ydbwnk t bf gwkq` o`nwkwd`. Crwkodÿn1 ;9 wbybdod`nbs % ; sbwdb $ hknbndbnc` fk y`sdodÿn crwknb 2 sbmrnc`s. Jwborbnodk1 Cdkwdk Yw`mwbsdÿn1 Yw`mwbskw bn ; sbwdb okck ; ` 7 sbhknks eksk rnk hëudh` cb ? sbwdbs. @gsbwzkod`nbs1 Wbkfdqkw bf babwodod` fbnkhbnb t sdn yw`z`okw c`f`w.

:9

BABWODOD@ = Y`sdodÿn Dndodkf1 Cboñgd` yw`n` o`n fks hkn`s bn fk odnrwk. Baborodÿn1 Fbzknkw bf w`no` t fk okgbqk n` hës cb ?9 oh.. Z`fzbw k fk y`sdodÿn dndodkf t wbybdw bf babwodod`. Crwkodÿn1 ;9 wbybdod`nbs % ; sbwdb $ Jwborbnodk1 Cdkwdk Yw`mwbsdÿn1 Yw`mwbskw bn ; sbwdb okck ; ` 7 sbhknks eksk rnk hëudh` cb ? sbwdbs.

BABWODOD@ 5 Y`sdodÿn Dndodkf1 Cboñgd` yw`n` o`n fks hkn`s bn owrq. Baborodÿn1 Cboñgd` yw`n` o`n fks ydbwnks arnks t f`s gwkq`s bn owrq. Fbzknkw fk okgbqk t f`s e`hgw`s ekodk kwës. Crwkodÿn1 ;9 wbybdod`nbs % ; sbwdb $ hknbndbnc` fk y`sdodÿn crwknb 2 sbmrnc`s. Jwborbnodk1 Cdkwdk Yw`mwbsdÿn1 Yw`mwbskw bn ; sbwdb okck ; ` 7 sbhknks eksk rnk hëudh` cb ? sbwdbs. @gsbwzkod`nbs1 Wbkfdqkw bf babwodod` fbnkhbnb t sdn yw`z`okw c`f`w.

:;

°Ke`wk& O`n`obs r Bsykfck0

Fäudo` Wbfkod`nkc` Kgc`hbn1 Okzdckc {rb sb bnorbnwk bn bf w`no` t sb budbncb cbscb bf cdkjwkmhk eksk fk ykwb dnjbwd`w cb fk ybfzds. O`ndbnb fk y`wodÿn dnjbwd`w cbf bsÿjkm`& bf bs`hkm`& bf dn bsdn`& bf eèmkc`& bf gkq` t bf yënowbks. (Kgc`hdnkfbs1 s`n bsbnodkfbs kn` ykwk bnbw rnk grbnk y`srwk o`h` ykwk bzdkw yw`gfbhks o`n fk ykwb gkak cb fk bsykfck t fk q`nk frhgkw. F`s kgc`hdnkfbs s`n khgdän bf obnw` cb fk gbffbqk jèsdok. Orkf{rdbw ybws`nk o`n rn bsÿhkm` jdn` o`nsdmrb rn grbn orbwy`

:7

. (Koodÿn H`wdq1 k{rbffks kodzdckcbs ` srs wbsrfkc`s k f`s {rb sb yrbcb kwdgrdw rnk dnbnodÿn. F` {rb ekob {rb fk dnbnod`nkfdckc sbk o`nsdcbwkck o`h` bf wksm` cdsdndz` ykwk cdjbwbnodkw fk koodÿn cbf sdhyfb o`hy`wkhdbn` %h`zdhdbn` `gsbwzkgfb s`gwb `c` o`h` wbkoodÿn cb rn `wmkndsh` k bsèhrf`s t k yw`obs`s cbf bn`wn`$. Fk koodÿn khgdän yrbcb cbjdndwsb o`h` fk hës yb{rbûk t hës o`hyfbak rndckc cb kodzdckc cdwdmdck y`w fk z`frnkc.

(Kodc` Fëodo`1 bs rnk srsknodk yw`crodck y`w bf hñsorf` gka` odbwks odwornsknodks. _dn bhgkwm` yrbcb sbw yw`crodc` sdnädokhbnb y`w dncrswdks cb yw`cro`s gd`cbmwkckgfbs cb ëodc`s y`ft(fëodo`s. (Kodc` Ñwdo`1 Ywdnodykf yw`cro` cbf hbkg`fdsh` cb fks yw`bènks {rb sb j`whk k ykwdw cb fk ukndnk& y`w koodÿn cb fk ukndn``udcksk. Fk hkt`w ykwb cb fk j`whkodÿn cbf kodc` ñwdo` dbnb frmkw bn bf eèmkc`. Fk okndckc `kf cb kodc` ñwdo` yfkshëdo` c bybncb cb fk sènbsds t okkg`fdsh` bncÿmbn` cb fks yrwdnks& cb fk dnmbsk cb yrwdnks buÿmbn`s t cbf kofkwkhdbn` wbnkf cb f`s rwk`s. Rn kf` y`wobnkab cb ykodbnbs o`n ndzbfbs bfbzkc`s cb kodc` ñwdo` cbskww`ffkn kwwdds m``sk %m`k$ F`s zkf`wbs n`whkfbs cb kodc` ñwdo` s`n1 bn `wdnk& hbn`w cb :99 hm/73 e`wks t bn sknmwb& cb ?&2 k : hm/cf bn f`s e`hgwbs t cb 7 k 2 hm/cf bn fks hrabwbs. Bsks odjwks yrbcbn bskw krhbnkcks bn bf oks` cb fbrobhdk& y`fdodbhdk& hdbf`hk hñfdyfb& dn`udokodÿn y`w yf`h`& nb`yfksdks& bnjbwhbckcbs wbnkfbs& edybwdw`dcdsh`& bo. T cdshdnrdcks bn oks` cb bnjbwhbckcbs o`nmändks cbf hbkg`fdsh`. (Kcwbnkfdnk1 bs rnk e`wh`nk zks` kodzk sbowbkck y`w fks mfëncrfks srywkwwbnkfbs bn sdrkod`nbs cb kfbwk. _b cdjbwbnodk cb fk n`wbydnbjwdnk ` n`wkcwbnkfdnk bn {rb äsk bs rn nbrw`wknshds`w& y`w f` kn` sr bjbo` bs hës wëydc` t o`w`. ‟ Kbwÿgdo`1 bs `c` k{rbf babwodod` {rb bs okykq cb bs dhrfkw fk kodzdckc okwcd`zksorfkw t wbsydwk`wdk crwknb rn dbhy`& f` srjdodbnbhbnb fkwm`& o`h` ykwk yw`crodw bn nrbsw` orbwy` `ck rnk sbwdb cb gbnbjdod`s. (Km`ndsk1 _b cdob cb rn hñsorf` {rb babwob fk koodÿn ywdnodykf bn rn h`zdhdbn` ckc`. (Km`khdbn`1 Cbgdfdckc mwkcrkf cb rnk ` zkwdks jrnod`nbs& sdn fbsd`nbs yw`ydkhbnb cdoeks& k o`nsborbnodk cb rn babwodod` buobsdz` {rb n` ybwhdb fk wbykwkodÿn o`nzbndbnb cb f`s kykwk`s o`wwbsy`ncdbnbs. Ywdzkodÿn cb bnbwmèk o`n fk o`nsdmrdbnb dnokykodckc ykwk wbsy`ncbw k bsèhrf`s.

:?

(Kldnbsdk1 Krsbnodk cb h`zdhdbn`. Jkfk& yäwcdck ` obskodÿn cb h`zdhdbn`. (Knkbwÿgdo`1 Bs k{rbf babwodod` jèsdo` gkskc` bn 'bf hbkg`fdsh` knkbw`gd`'& bf {rb sb ffbzk k okg` bn krsbnodk cb `uèmbn`& ybw` {rb fk yw`crood ÿn cb bnbwmèk t sr wbncdhdbn` bs hbn`w {rb bn bf hbkg`fdsh` kbwÿgdo`. F`s babwodod`s knkbwÿgdo`s s`n cb o`wk crwkodÿn t mwkn dnbnsdckc. (Kn`udk1 bs fk jkfk oksd `kf c b `uèmbn` bn rn badc`. Fk kn`udk yrbcb sbw cbgdck k yk`f`mèk %kn`udk cdshdnrodÿn ` kfbwkodÿn cb fkyrfh`nkw ebh`mf`gdnk {rbknÿudok$< dhydcb fkk fk jdakodÿn cbf `uèmbn` bn okndckc bs srjdodbnbs %kn`udk knähdok$< cdshdnrodÿn cb fk odworfkodÿn sknmrènbk %kn`udk y`w äuksds$ ` dnokykodckc cb f`s badc`s cb jdakw bf `uèmbn` %kn`udk eds`ÿudok$. (Kynbk1 Bs rnk o`ncdodÿn okwkobwdqkck y`w byds`cd`s cb srsybnsdÿn cb fk wbsydwkodÿn hdbnwks fk ybws`nk bsë c rwhdbnc`.

(Kwbw`bsofbw`sds1 bs rnk yk`f`mèk jdbfhbnb wbywbsbnkdzk cb `cks k{rbffks {rb dncdsor dgfbhbnb bsën fdmkcks k f`s bjbo`s cb f`s bsdf`s cb zdck cb nr bswk o`nbhy`wknbdckc. Bn äsb wks`wn`& f`s cbyÿsd`s cb hkbwdkf fdyècdo`& cbn`hdnkc`s yfkoks& j`whkc`s y`w o`fbsbw` f t mwksks& sb cby`sdkn s`gwb fk ykwbc dnbwnk cb fks kwbwdks< bf bswboekhdbn` mwkcrkf cb äsks& k f` fkwm` cb fk zdck& wbswdnmdwë bf jfra` cb sknmwb kf ÿwmkn` o`wwbsy`ncdbnb& {rb orknc` cbf o`wkqÿn sb wk k ffbmk k sbw fk okrsk ywdnodykf cbf dnjkw` kf hd`okwcd`. (Knkm`ndsk1 Hñsorf` {rb wbkfdqk rnk koodÿn o`nwkwdk k fk cb `w`< o`h` f`s hñsorf`s jfbu`wbs s`n knkm`ndsks cb f`s bubns`wbs. (Kww`sds1 bnjbwhbckc c bmbnbwkdzk kwdorfkw& bs fk hës o`hñn cb fks bnjbwhbckcbs kwdorfkwbs. @orwwb o`n hës jwborbnodk ybws`nks cb bckc hbcdk t knod kn`s& kjboknc` bf orbff`& fk bn wbmdÿn frhgkw& w`cdffks& okcbwks t kw dorfkod`nbs cb f`s c bc`s. Kyw`udhkckhbnb bf =9" cb fks ybws`nks hkt`wbs c b =9 kû`s hrbswkn bzdcbnodk wkcd`fÿmdok cb fk bnjbwhbckc& ybw` sÿf` cbskww`ffkn sèn`hks fk hdkc cb bff`s.

:3

Fk kww`sds khgdän yrbcb kjbokw k kwdorfkod`nbs {rb ekn sdc` ywbzdkhbnb ckûkcks y`w s`gwb rs` yw`f`nmkc`& dnjboodÿn ` rnk bnjbwhbckc wbrhëdok ywbzdk. F`s ykodbnbs o`n kww`sds ykcbobn c`f`w t cbbwd`w` jrnod`nkf

Kw`jdk hrsorfkw1 fk hkt`wèk cb f`s oks`s cb kw`jdk hrsorfkw s`n `oksd`nkc`s y`w dnkodzdc kc. Fks ybws`nks {rb dbnbn rn wkgka` sbcbnkwd` t fks cb fk bwobwk bckc {rb n` s`n hrt kodzks yrbcbn ffbmkw k ybwcbw bf `n` hrsorfkw t cbskww`ffkw rn k kw`jdk sdmndjdokd zk< sdn bhgkwm`& bsb dy ` cb kw`jdk yrbcb sbw wbzbwsdgfb o`n bf babwodod` zdm`w`s`. Fks ybws`nks {rb bsën y`swkcks bn fk okhk yrbcbn ywbsbnkn rn cbsmksb hrsor fkw sdmndjdokdz`< dmrkf o`h` `orwwb o`n f`s ksw`nkr ks {rb& fdgwbs cb fk jrbwqk mwkzdkod`nkf cb fk dbwwk& yrbcbn cbskww`ffkw rnk cdshdnr odÿn cbf `n` hrsorfkw t cbsokfodjdokodÿn ÿsbk y`o`s cèks cbsyräs cb fk dnmwkzdcbq. (Okfbnkhdbn`1 Orknc` f`s hñsorf`s bsën jwè`s sb sd bnbn dbs`s t crw`s kf wbkfdqkw h`zdhdbn`& n` `gskn b& orknc` bnwkn bn okf`w sb sdbnbn jfbudgfbs& cbfmkc`s t jëodfbs cb h`zbw. Cbscb rn yrn` cb zdsk odbnèjdo`& skgbh`s {rb bf okfbnkhdbn` b ktrck k bfbzkw fk  bhybwkrwk cbf orbwy`& dnowbhbnkw rs yrfskod`nbs& fk ywbsdÿn sknmrènbk t bf `wwbnb sknmrènb` ekodk rs hñsorf`s ybwdjäwdo`s. Skhgdän& bfbzk fk kodzdckc bnqdhëdok y kwk yw`crodw bnbwmèk t ktrck k ywbykwkwb ykwk f`s h`zdhdbn `s gësdo`s cb fk nkkodÿn. ‟ Okfkhgwb hrsorfkw1 'Okfkhgwb' bs bf n`hgwb o`hñn cb rn bsyksh` hrsorfkw& ykwdorfkwhbnb bn fk y dbwnk. F`s bsyksh`s hrsorfkwbs sb yrbcbn ywbsbnkw bn orkf{r dbw hñsorf` cbf orbwy`. O`n bf bsyksh`& f`s hñsorf`s sb o`nwkbn dnz`frnkwdkhbnb t n` sb wbfkakn. F`s bsyksh`s hrsorfkwbs y`w f` mbnbwkf sb ywbsbnkn orknc` rn hñsorf` bsë s`gwb rdfdqkc` ` fbsd`nkc`. Bf eboe` cb ekobw babwodod` bskn c` cbsedcwkkc` ` o`n gka`s ndzbfbs cb y`ksd` khgdän yrbcb ywbcdsy`nbw fk ybws`nk k bsyksh`s hrsorfkwbs& kfmrn`s cb f`s orkfbs sb yw`crobn orknc ` :2 bf nbwzd` {rb sb o`nbok k rn hñsorf` sb dwwdk.

F`s bsyksh`s bn fk ykn`wwdffk s`n o`hrnbs kf ykbkw crwkn b fk nkkodÿn t khgdän sb yrbcbn ywbsbnkw bn fk n`oeb hdbnwks sb crbwhb& hdbnwks {rb f`s bsyksh`s c b fk ykwb srybwd`w cb fk ydbwnk s`n hës o`hrnbs o`n kodzdc kcbs o`h` o`wwbw ` skfkw. Bf bsyksh` bn fk o`frhnk obwzdokf %orbff`$ y rbcb sbw rn sdmn` cb bswäs.

(Okf`wèk1 Rndckc cb bnbwmèk äwhdok b{rdzkfbnb k fk okndckc cb okf`w nbobskwdk ykwk bfbzkw rn mwkh` cb kmrk rn mwkc` obnèmwkc` cb ;3& fk 2 kbhybwkrwk ;2& 2 ¹O k fkcbywbsdÿn n`whkf. _r bn sèhg`f` bs okf. Skhgdän sb rdfdqk o`h` hbcdck cbf o`nbndc` bnbwmädo` cb f`s kfdhbn`s1 rnk cdbk cb hdf okf`wèks.

(Odëdok1 bs rn wks`wn` nbwzd`s` {rb okrsk c`f`w bn fk ykwb gkak cb fk bsykfck t fks ydbwnks. _r n`hgwb yw`zdbnb cbf nbwzd` odëdo`& bf hës fkwm` t knoe` cbf orbwy`. Bsb nbwzd` o`hdbnqk bn zkwd`s ndzbfbs cb fk o`frhnk zbwbgwkf t srs hñfdyfbs wkhks sb fkrnbn ykwksbj`whkw w`no` nbwzd`s`. Äsb sb budbncb ekodk w`cdffk& cdzdc brnbns`f` c`syb{rbûks wkhks fks orkfbs o`ndnñkn ekodk bf ydb. _r fkwm` orws` t mwkn khkû ` ekobn kf nbwzd` odëdo` ykwdorfkwhbnb zrfnbwkgfb k fk y wbsdÿn ` ckû`& yw`z`oknc` c`f`w.

(Odj`sds1 _b cbjdnb fk odj`sds o`h` rnk orwzkrwk cb fk o`frhnk cb 32 mwkc`s ` hkt`w {rb sb yrbcb kywbodkw bn rnk yfkok cb wkt`s U . Fk o`frhnk zbwbgwkf n`whkf ywbsbnk rnk orwzkrwk cb 79 k 32 mwkc`s bn fk ykwb srybwd`w cb fk bsykfck. Fk odj`sds bs rnk cbj`whkodÿn cb fk o`frhnk zbwbgwkf t n` cbgb o`njrncdwsb o`n rnk hkfk y`srwk. Fk odj`sds y`srwkf bs fk hës jwborbnb. K hbnrc` s`n ndû`s kf`s ykwk sr bckc t ck fk dhywbsdÿn {rb wbkfdqkn bsjrbwq`s ykwk cdshdnrdw sr kfrwk. Bn fks hrabwbs sb kmwbmk bf owbodhdbn` hkhkwd`. ::

(O`fbsbw`f1 bs rnk srsknodk {rb sb bnorbnwk bn `c`s f`s badc `s kndhkfbs& cb j`whk bsybodkf bn fk gdfds& bn f`s oëforf`s gd fdkwbs& bn fks mwksks t& n`whkfhbnb& bn fk sknmwb. Bf `wmkndsh` nbobsdk o`fbsbw`f& y rbs k ykwdw cb äf sdnbdqk e`wh`nks t skfbs gdfdkwbs {rb cbsbhybûkn rn ykybf hrt dhy`wknb bn fk kgs`wodÿn cb fks mwksks yw`obcbnbs cb f`s kfdhbn`s. Hbcdknb rn hbokndsh` hbkgÿfdo` hrt ywbods`& bf `wmkndsh` hkndbnb bn b{rdfdgwd` fks oknd ckcbs cb o`fbsbw`f { rb ekt bn fk sknmwb t bn bf eèmkc`& ybw` orknc` bf ky`wb cb o`fbsbw`f bs srybwd`w kf nbobskwd` crwknb rn dbhy` yw`f`nmkc`& bf hbokndsh` yrbcb srjwdw kfbwkod`nbs. Fk hës jwborbnb cb bffks bs {rb bf eèmkc` cbab cb jkgwdokw t cb cbswrdw bf o`fbsbw`f cb j`whk n`whkf t& bn o`nsborbnod k& sb w`hyk bf b{rdfdgwd` t sb yw`crqok rnk edybwo`fbsbw`fbhdk& bs cbodw& rnk o`nobnwkodÿn buobsdzk cb o`fbsbw`f bn fk sknmwb. (O`nwkorwk1 o`nsdsb bn fk o`nwkoodÿn ybwsdsbnb b dnz`frnkwdk cb rn hñsorf`. Yrbcb sbw okrsk ` o`nsborbnodk cbf c`f`w cb bsykfck. Bn bs`s oks`s& fk o`n wkorwk kykwbob bsbnodkfhbnb orknc` sb budmb kf hñsorf` rn wkgka` srybwd`w kf {r b yrbcb wbkfdqkw& tk sbk dn bns` t yrn rkf (y`w babhyf`& rn bsjrbwq` buobsdz`( ` hknbndc` t hbn`s dnbns` . (O`nrsdÿn1 Bs fk fbsdÿn yw`crod ck y`w fk jrbwqk zrfnbwknb hboëndok {rb sb yw`crob sdn w`hybw fk ydbf t yrbcb yw`crodw hkmrffkcrwks ` kyfkskhdbn`s r `orfkw `wks mwkzbs fbsd`nbs dnbwnks. (Cbsmkww` hrsorfkw1 bs bf {rb `orwwb orknc` f`s hñsorf`s ` bnc`nbs sb bsdwkn t sb cbsmkwwkn. Fks cdsbnsd`nbs k hbnrc` s`n okrskcks kf fbzknkw kfm` ybskc ` ` kf j`wqkw cbhksdkc` rn hñsorf`. :=

Mbnbwkfhbnb kjbokn k f`s hñsorf`s cbf orbff`& fk bsykfck& f`s hrsf`s ` fk ykwb y`sbwd`w cb fk ydbwnk %fk ykn`wwdffk$. Kfmrnks cdsbnsd`nbs yrbcbn z`fzbw k `orwwdw& s`gwb `c` fks {rb `orwwbn bn bf orbff` ` fk bsykfck.

(Cdës`fb1 bs fk jksb cbf odof` okwcèko` bn fk orkf bf hñsorf` okwcèko` sb wbfkak t cdfkk& t bf o`wkqÿn sb ffbnk cb sknmwb. Skhgdän sb ffkhk cdës`fb kf h`zdhdbn` cb cdfkkodÿn cb fk crwkhkcwb t cb f`s sbn`s okzbwn`s`s. (Cdkj`wbsds1 bs rnk src`wkodÿn yw`jrsk {rb n` bs yw`z`okck y`w fk kodzdckc jèsdok& rnk wbsyrbsk bh`od`nkf nd bhybwkrwk khgdbnkf kfk. (Cdsnbk1 bs rnk hkndjbskodÿn k fk zbq `gabdzk t srgabdzk& bf bnjbwh` sb {rbak cb rnk sbnskodÿn cb hkfbskw wbsydwk`wd`& cb jkdmk ` cb zbndfkodÿn kn`whkf. Y`w bubnsdÿn& bsb äwhdn` sb rdfdqk bn fk ywëodok ykwk cbsdmnkw `ck h`cdjdokodÿn ybwobydgfb cbf odof` wbsydwk`wd` n`whkf& dnofrs` orknc` n` ekt o`nsodbnodk cbf wks`wn` y`w ykwb cbf ykodbnb. (Cdsw`jdk1 bs rn mwry` cb wks`wn`s okwkobwdqkc` y`w cbgdfdckc hrsorfkw yw`mwbsdzk t yäwcdck cb badc` hrsorfkw. (Cdrwädo`1 `ck srsknodk {rb kf sbw dnmbwdck yw`z`ok rnk bfdhdnkodÿn cb kmrk bn bf `wmkndsh`. (Bfbow`fd`s1 Bs rnk s`frodÿn ` s rsknodk cdsrbfk {rb o`nsk cb zkwd`s {rèhdo`s {rb yrbcbn ffbzkw okwmks bfäowdoks. F`s bfbow`fd`s bsën ywbsbnbs bn fk sknmwb o`h` ëodc`s& gksbs t skfbs %o`h` s`cd`& okfod`& y`ksd`& of`w`& hkmnbsd` t gdokwg`nk`$ t sb yrbcbn hbcdw hbcdknb bsrcd`s cb fkg`wk`wd` bn srbw`.

(B{rdh`sds1 O`n`odck y`yrfkwhbnb o`h` ‖h`wbÿn‘ ` ‖ebhk`hk‘& fk b{rdh`sds yw`zdbnb cb rn cbwwkhb sknmrènb` srgorënb` c`ncb sb ekn w`` okydfkwbs t zks`s sknmrènb`s. Fk sknmwb cbwwkhkck sb dnjdfwk t cdjrncb y`w bf badc` obfrfkw srgorënb`& cknc` k fk ydbf rn o`f`w {rb okhgdk o`nj`whb yksk bf dbhy` cbgdc` k fk cbmwkckodÿn cb fk ebh`mf`gdnk %cb w`a` sb o`nzdbwb k khkwdff`& yksknc` y`w bf kqrf t bf zbwcb$. (Bso`fd`sds1 bs fk kfbwkodÿn cb fk o`frhnk zbwbgwkf okwkobwdqkck y`w rnk cbszdkodÿn ` orwzkrwk fkbwkf. (Bsmrdnob1 bs fk fbsdÿn cb f`s fdmkhbn`s {rb rnbn f`s c`s erbs`s {rb j`whkn rnk kwdorfkodÿn. _d fk fbsdÿn bs kn dhy`wknb {rb bf fdmkhbn` cbak cb y`cbw srabkw f`s erbs`s bn sr y`sdodÿn t äs`s sb sbykwkn& sb cdkmn`sdok :5 rnk frukodÿn.

(Bsyksh`1 bs rn bswboekhdbn` sñgd` t gwbzb cb rn zks` sknmrènb`& {rb yrbcb wbcrodw bhy`wkfhbnb bf jfra` cb sknmwb k f`s badc`s {rb dwwdmk. (Jwkorwk1 s`frodÿn cb o`ndnrdckc& ykwodkf ` `kf cb rn erbs`& krn orknc` o`wwbsy`nck k fk wbkfdckc& y`w sr hdshk sdhyfdodckc& n` f`mwk ckw `ck fk sdmndjdokodÿn yk`fÿmdok cb f` {rb wbkfhbnb `orwwb bn rnk jwkorwk. Orknc` bff` srobcb& `c`s f`s `w`s bfbhbn`s cbf kykwk` f`o`h``w wbsrfkn ` yrbcbn wbsrfkw dmrkfhbnb ckûkc`s< sb fbsd`nkn bn hkt`w ` hbn`w mwkc` kwdorfkod`nbs& hñsorf`s& zks`s& nbwzd`s& bo.& sbk bn j`whk cdwbok y`w koodÿn cbf wkrhkdsh` ` dncdwbok o`h` o`nsborbnodk cb fks kood`nbs bwkyärdoks. (Jrbwqk1 _b cbn`hdnk jrbwqk k orkf{rdbw koodÿn ` dnjfrbnodk okykq cb h`cdjdokw bf bskc` cb h`zdhdbn` cb rn `gab`. Bf kykwk` {rb ybwhdb hbcdwfks sb cbn`hdnk cdnkhÿhbw`. (Ebhk`hk1 Fk sknmwb yrbcb korhrfkwsb bn bf bsybs`w cb rn ÿwmkn` fkgwënc`sb rnk okzdckc. (Jkdmk hrsorfkw1 Orknc` f`s yw`obs`s cb kckykodÿn hrsorfkw t `wmëndo`s k fks cbhkncks o`ndnrks cb rn hëudh` wbncdhdbn` jèsdo` s`n cbjdodkwd`s kykwbob bf sèncw`hb cb jkdmk owÿndok okwkobwdqkc` y`w rnk yäwcdck cb jrbwqk& edybwbuodkgdfdckc hrsorfkw& kfbwkod`nbs hbkgÿfdoks& bfbow`fèdoks t nbrw`bnc`owdnks {rb o`ncdod`nkn rn dhy`wknb mwkc` cb bswäs jèsdo` t ysè{rdo` o`n rnk mwkn kjbokodÿn hrsorfkw okwkobwdqkck y`w dnjfkhkodÿn t ckû` dsrfkw bz`frdzk {rb sb ekob hës ykbnb k hbcdck {rb bf mwkc` cb jkdmk sb yw`f`nmk. (Edy`udk1 Cdshdnrodÿn cbf `uèmbn` bn f`s badc`s cbf `wmkndsh`. _b okwkobwdqk y`w odkn`sds& k{rdokwcdk& edybwbnsdÿn kwbwdkf& cbszknbodhdbn` t kfbwkod`nbs cbf bskc` cb o`nodbnodk. F`s badc`s hës kjbokc`s y`w fk edy`udk s`n bf obwbgwkf t bf okwcèko`. (Ldnbsds1 sdmndjdok h`zdhdbn` t bn hbcdodnk cbsdmnk fk koodÿn cbf sdsbhk nbwzd`s` obnwkf hkndjbskck k wkzäs cb f`s hñsorf`s. Bn ykwkysdo`f`mèk sb kyfdok kf äwhdn` Ysdo`ldnbsdk %Ysdo`Ldnbsdk$ ykwk cbjdndw bf mwry` cb jbnÿhbn`s ykwkjèsdo`s bn f`s {rb fk hbnb dnjfrtb cdnëhdokhbnb s`gwb fk hkbwdk t fk y`nb bn h`zdhdbn`. (Fbsdÿn1 okhgd` cbswro`w bn f`s badc`s cbf orbwy`& o`h` rnk ebwdck& fksdhkcrwk ` dnjfkhkodÿn.

(F`wc`sds1 bs fk buobsdzk orwzkrwk cb fk y`wodÿn frhgkw cb fk o`frhnk& fk orkf ck rnk kykwdbnodk dnofdnkck ekodk kwës.

:4

(Frukodÿn1 sb yw`crob orknc`& kf kyfdokw rnk jrbwqk buwbhk s`gwb rn fdmkhbn`& sb sbykwkn f`s c`s buwbh`s cbf e rbs`. Fks frukod`nbs khgdän yrbcbn kjbokw k rnk kwdorfkodÿn& bf yrn` bn bf {rb sb rnbn c`s ` hës erbs`s. Fk kwdorfkodÿn sb j`whk o`h` rnk kwdorfkodÿn cb 'g`fk t oÿdf`' %wÿrfk$. Orknc` rnk kwdorfkodÿn sb fruk& fk okgbqk cbf erbs` %g`fk$ sb skfb cb j`whk ykwodkf ` o`hyfbk cbf oÿdf` %` kobëgrf`$. (Hkf cb h`nkûk1 bs rn sèncw`hb o`hyfba` {rb jrb cbsowd` o`h` bnjbwhbckc cb fk Yrnk. Fk dhy`wknodk cb fk edy`udk %jkfk cb `uèmbn`$ bn sr mänbsds& sd gdbn dnbwzdbnbn `w`s jko`wbs khgdbnkfbs& {rb khgd än yrbcbn kykwbobw bn kbw`nërdok t& y`w bsb h`dz`& srbfb cbn`hdnkwsb hkf cb kfrwk. Kf dw ksobncdbnc` bf kdwb sb bnwkwbob t fks ywbsd`nbs cdshdn rtbn. Bsb ksobns` wkb o`nsdm` kfbwkod`nbs bn bf `wmkndsh`& ksè& kykwbob rn bnjwdkhdbn` yw`mwbsdz` cb ;¹O y`w okck 799 hbw`s& t cdshdnrtb bf bjbo` yw`bo`w kh`sjäwdo`& krhbnknc` fk dnbnsdckc cb fks wkcdkod`nbs s`fkwbs crwkn b bf cèk& hdbnwks {rb fk hbn`w dwwkcdkodÿn bnjwèkkcfkscbn`oebs& sdbnc` bf wbsrfkc` rn krhbn`n`orwnk bn fk dnbnsdc f`s jbnÿhbn`s kh`sjäwdo`s. (Hkskab1 bs rnk hkndyrfkodÿn cbf badc` hrsorfkw t o`narndz` ykwk khyfdkw fk jrnodÿn cb bs`s badc`s t yw`h`zbw fk wbfkakodÿn t bf gdbnbskw. _dwzb kcbhës& ykwk kfdzdkw fks o`nwkorwks t fks bnsd`nbs hrsorfkwbs. (Hbkg`fdsh`1 S`cks fks j`whks cb zdc k bsën gksk cks bn ywëodokhbnb fks hdshks wbkood`nbs gd`{ rèhdoks. Okck rn` cb f`s o`hyrbs`s {rb sb mbnbwkn bn bsb o`narn` cb wbkood`nbs sb fb cbn`hdnkn o`hyrbs`s hbkg`fd`s o`narn ` cb `cks fks wbkood`nbs {rb bncÿmbn`s srobcbn bn`rnk oäfrfk sb tfbkfcbn`hdnk hbkg`fdsh`. (Nbrw`sds1 s`n byds`cd`s cb cbsb{rdfdgwd` ysdo`fÿmdo` {rb sb ywbsbnkn bn ybws`nks {rb ekn kfoknqkc` rn k jrnodÿn hbnkf wbfkdzkhbnb kcborkck.

=9

(@sb`y`w`sds1 bs rnk bnjbwhbckc bn fk or kf cdshdnr tb fk okndckc cb hdnbwkfbs bn bf erbs`& ybwcdbnc` jrbwqk fk ykwb cb erbs` wkgborfkw t wbcrodänc`sb fk q`nk o`wdokf y`w rn cbjbo` bn fk kgs`wodÿn cbf okfod`& f` {rb f`s zrbfzb {r bgwkcdqk t srsobydgfb cb jwkorwks. (Ykwkyfbadk1 bnjbwhbckc dnorwkgfb e`t y`w e`t& ybw` o`f`okck tk mwkodks k fk dnzbsdmkodÿn& bn fk ykwwdffk cb skfdck cb rnk fkwmk okwwbwk ekodk sr orwkodÿn k wkzäs cb fk odwrmèk. Cb h`hbn`& t n` bs y`o`& sb{rb ek cbbwhdnkn cbh`swkc` fk{rb fk f`okfdqkodÿn odword `s o`nowb`s okykod ckc h`wdq&cbbwkf`sbukoèsdhk. Hbcdknb dnbwzbnodÿn {rdwñwmdok sb ek y`cdc` cbz`fzbw fk h`zdfdckc k rnk wkk ykwkyfäadok. Bs& yrbs& orbsdÿn cb dbhy` {rb bsks äondoks kfoknobn kf e`hgwb.

(Ykwk`nèk1 bs orknc` n` sb yrbcb wbfkakw bf `n` cb srs hñso rf`s cb j`whk z`frnkwdk< dnofrs` bn zbq cb wbfkakwf`s f`s o`nwkb bukmbwkckhbnb. Bsb wksm` bs bf hës okwkobwèsd o` cb bsb wks`wn`. (Ywbsdÿn sknmrènbk1 bs fk ywbsdÿn %jrbwqk y`w rndckc cb srybwjdodb$ {rb budsb cb f`so`n zks`s skn mrènb`s. Krn{rb k fk ywbsdÿn sknmrènbk sb fkcbnw` o`njrncb fk ywbsdÿn kwbwdkf& sb yr bcb cdsdnmrdw c`s dy`s cb ywbsdÿn sknmrènbk.

(Yw`nkod`n1 H`zdhdbn` cbf knbgwkq` {rb ekob mdwkw fk ykfhk cb fk hkn` ekodk kgka` eksk h`swkw bf c`ws`. (Yrfs`1 bs orkf{rd bwk cb fks sbûkfbs wkns dmbnbs hrsdokfbs ybwdÿcdoks {rb hkwokn bf wdh`. (Wbfkakodÿn1 n`s cbsybak t n`s ybwhdb ybnskw o`n hkt`w ofkwdckc t cb rnk j`whk hës owbkdzk& yrbs` {rb kf wbfkakwn`s& sb kodzkn khg`s ebhdsjbwd`s cbfkobwbgw`. wkn{rdfdckc {rb crwk f` fkwm`Yw`z`ok cbf cèk. rn k sbnskodÿn cb ykq t

(Wbsdsbnodk kbwÿgdok1 Bs bf dy ` cb wbsdsbnodk bn fk {rb bf `udmbn` cdsy`ndg fb bs srjdodbnb ykwk fk o`hgrsd ÿn cb f`s srgswk`s bnbwmädo`s nbobskwd`s ykwk fk o`nwkoodÿn hrsorfkw.

=;

(_ès`fb1 bs fk o`nwkoodÿn cbf badc ` hrsorfkw okwcdko`. Bsk o`nwkoodÿn yw`crob rn krhbn` cb fk ywbsdÿn bn fk okzdckc okwcdkok& o`n fk o`nsdmrd bnb btboodÿn cbf z`frhbn sknmrènb` o`nbndc` bn bsk okzdckc. (_lbfb`n1 kwhkqÿn sÿfdck {rb sdwzb cb s`sän t c b yw`boodÿn cb fks ykwbs cbfdokcks& bswrorwkc ` y`w okwèfkm` Kwdorfkw& bad c` bsy`na`s`& häcrfk& badc` o`hyko` t ybwd`sd`. (Bswäs1 bs rn äwhdn` häcdo` {rb kgkwok rnk mwkn okndckc cb jrbwbs bsèhrf`s& kn` ysdo`fÿmdo`s o`h` jdsd`fÿmdo`s {rb yrbcbn okrskw rnk wbsyrbsk ysdo`fÿmdok ffkhkck bf sèncw`hb cb kckykodÿn mbnbwkf.

(_rydnkodÿn1 w`kodÿn cbf knbgwkq` t hkn` cb kf hknbwk {rb fk hkn` hdwb ekodk bf jwbnb ` ekodk kwwdgk& t fk o`wwbsy`ncdbnb w`kodÿn cb fk knb ydbwnk t bf ydb. (Sk{rdokwcdk1 bs rnk yrfskodÿn okwcdkok wëydck {rb sb dnd odk bn f`s zbnwèorf`s t sb okwkobwdqk y`w ? ` hës fkdc`s zbnwdorfkwbs ywbhkrw`s o`nsbordz`s (Sbadc` kcdy`s`1 bs cb mwkn j`whk` t bsën kc`skcks jrbwbhbnb fks rnks o`n fks `wks. Cbwdzkn fks oäfrfks hbsbn{rdhkdok s& bfbhbn` obfrfkw cbf badc` o`narndz` {rb sb ekffk kgrncknbhbnb bn f`s bad c`s jdgw`s`s& y`w korhrfkodÿn t jrsd ÿn cb yb{rbûks m`ks cb mwksk cbnw` cbf od`yfkshk.

(S`n` hrsorfkw1 Bs fk okykodckc {rb dbnb rn hñsorf` ykwk `y`nbwsb k rnk bf`nmkodÿn& bs cbodw bs rnk o`nwkoodÿn hrsorfkw s`sbndck. =7

(Swkrhkdsh`1 bs rnk fbsdÿn jèsdok ` rnk ebwdck okrskck y`w rnk jrbwqk ` zd`fbnodk bubwnks& {r b yrbcb yw`crodw fk hrbwb ` rnk dnokykodckc ybwhknbnb. (Zëwdobs1 s`n cdfkkod`nbs zbn`sks {rb sb okwkobwdqkn y`w fk dnokykodckc cb bskgfbobw rn wb`wn` bjdokq cb fk sknmwb kf o`wkqÿn. Fks hës e kgdrkfbs s`n fks cb f`s hdbhgw`s dnjbwd`wbs. s`n fks fdmkcrwks ` yw`obcdhdbn`s eboe`s o`n dwks cb (Zbnckabs1 fdbnq` r `w`s hkbwdkfbs& o`n bf jdn cb bnz`fzbw rn k buwbhdckc r `wks ykwbs cbf orbwy` erhkn` fbsd`nkcks. Bn Ywdhbw`s Krudfd`s sb rskn bsybodkfhbnb bn oks` cb e bwdcks& ebh`wwkmdks& jwkorwks& bsmrdnobs t frukod`nbs.

=?

=3

Fk [rdw`ywëodok. Fk {rdw`ywëodok bs okck zbq hës o`n`odc k bn `c` bf hrnc ` tk {rb srs gbnbjdod`s s`n hroe`s t k hbnrc` o`n wbsrfkc`s s`wywbncbnbs b dnhbcdk`s.

°[rä bs fk {rdw`ywëodok0 Fk [rdw`ywëodok bs rnkcbyw`jbsdÿn kwdkfkwbo`n`odck y`w fk cb @wm kndqkodÿn Hrncdkf fk _kfrc.sknd _bmñn yw`ydk cbjdndodÿn fk @H_& bs rnk wkhk cb fks odbnodks cb fk skfrc {rb sb `oryk cbf cdkmnÿsdo`& bf wkkhdbn` t fk ywbzbnodÿn cb wks`wn`s hboëndo`s cbf sdsbhk nbrw`(hñsorf`(bs{rbfädo` t cb f`s bjbo`s cb bs`s wks`wn`s s`gwb bf jrnod`nkhdbn` cbf sdsbhk nbwzd`s` t fk skfrc bn mbnbwkf.

°Bn {rä sb gksk fk [rdw`ywëodok0 Ykwk o`wwbmdw fk kfbwkodÿn o`n`odck o`h` srgfrukodÿn zbwbgwkf bf {rdw`ywëodo` bf kars b& rn äwhdn` {rb sb rskwbkfdqkc`s ykwk cbsdmnkw k fk ywbsdÿn t rdfdqk kf dhyrfs`& hrt ywbods` t bsyboèjdo`& mbnbwkfhbnb o`n fks hkn `s& cbsdnkc`s k o`wwbmdw fk dno`wwbok y`sdodÿn cb rnk zäwbgwk. Ykwk wbkfdqkw r n karsb& bf jkorfk dz` ywbodsk cb rn k mwkn cbswbqk t c`hdnd` hknrkf& ksè o`h` c b rnk bcrokodÿn odbnèjdok t bsyboèjdok o`hyfbk& {rb fb ``wmk rn khyfd` o`n`od hdbn` cbf orbwy` erhkn`& ywdnodykfhbnb cb fk o`frhnk zbwbgwkf.

°Bn {rä n`s yrbcb ktrckw fk [rdw`ywëodok0 Ekt zkwdks wkq`nbs. °Orëf cb bffks sbwë fk srtk0 ªYw`gfbhks cb o`frhnk1c`f`wbs cb okgbqk& orbff` t bsykfck& ebwndk cdsokf& odëdok& frhgkm`& bso`fd`sds. Nrbsw` dnbwäs bn fk o`frhnk zbwbgwkf sb cbgb k {rb bs bf obnw` cbf sdsbhk nbwzd`s`. =2

ªYw`gfbhks zdsobwkfbs r `wmëndo`s1 hroe`s n`s zdsdkn y`w `w`s yw`gfbhks {rb n` s`n cb 'bsykfck'. Fk { rdw`ywëodok ktrck bn `c` cbscb h`akw fk okhk t kshk& hkwb`s& eksk f`s oÿfdo`s t f`s yw`gfbhks bs`hkokfbs. ªOrdckc`s nkrwkfbs fdgwbs cb hbcdokhbn`s1 hroe`s cb k{ rbff`s {rb ywbjdbwbn bzdkw hbcdokhbn`s kwwdbsmkc`s ` odwrmèk dwwbzbwsdgfb n`s zdsdkn. Fk {rdw`ywëodok bs rn hä`c` hës sbmrw`& t hës nkrwkf ekod k bf gdbnbskw. Ybwjbo` knbs& crwkn b t cbsyräs cbf bhgkwkq`. ªHknbndhdbn` t ywbzbnodÿn1 sd rsbc tk ek zdsdkc` k rn {rdw`ywëodo` o`n knbwd`wdckc& tk skgb f` zkfd`s` {rb bs. N`s sbndwèkh`s e`nwkc`s cb sbw sr {rdw`ywëodo`. ªHknbnbwsb skn`1 fk zdck fk buybwdhbnkh`s k wkzäs cb nrbsw` sdsbhk nbwzd`s`. Y`w bs` `c` k{rbf {rb {rdbwbn `ydhdqkw sr skfrc& sbw `c` f` {rb yrbckn sbw t jrnod`nkw kf hëudh`. J`whkodÿn cb rn bsybodkfdsk bn {r dw`ywëodok Fk j`whkodÿn cb f`s { rdw`ywëodo`s bs rndzbwsdkwdk& b{rdzkfbnb k rnk fdobnodkrwk bn Bsykûk. Fk okwwbwk cb [rdw`ywëodok dbnb rnk crwkodÿn cb sbds(sdbb kû`s kokcähdo`s& f` {rb b{rdzkfb k rnks 2.299 e`wks fbodzks. Bn bf ëhgd` dnbwnkod`nkf& bf O`nsba` cb Bcrokodÿn [rdw`ywëodok bskgfbob f`s bsënckwbs bcrokdz`s ykwk fk yw`jbsdÿn& bzdknc` ksè bf dnwrsd sh`.

@wdmbn b eds`wdk Fk yw`jbsdÿn {rdw`ywëodok nkodÿ bn ;542 bn D`}k& BB.RR. Jrb bf C`o`w Ckndbf Ckzdc Ykfhbw bf ywdhbw` { rb wbkfdqÿ o`n äud` bf ywdhbw wkkhdbn`& karsknc` rnk zäwbgwk cbsyfkqkck k Ekwzbt Fdffkwc& rn ykodbnb s`wc`. Dnhbcdkkhbnb bsb ykodbn b wborybwÿ bf Bf `èc`. grbn wbsrfkc` cb bsb ywdhbw karsb cbskÿ rnk okcbnk cb dnzbsdmkod`nbs bn f`s Bskc`s Rndc`s {rb `wdmdnkw`n bf nkodhdbn` cb fk [rdw`ywëodok. Rnk zbq o`njdwhkc`s f`s wbsrfkc`s& fk [rdw`ywëodok jrb zkfdckck y`w fk yw`jbsdÿn häcdok.

=:

Cbscb bn`nobs& fk [rdw`ywëodok sb ek dc` c bskww`ffknc` ykwkfbfkhbnb k fk hbcdodnk kf`yëdok& eksk ffbmkw k sbw fk bwobwk yw`jbsdÿn skndkwdk cb kbnodÿn ywdhkwdk %cbsyr äs cb fk Hbcdodnk t fk @c`n`f`mèk$ bn `wcbn cb dhy`wknodk t nñhbw` cb ykodbnbs

==

Cdbk o`nwk fk kww`sds Bs gdbn skgdc` {rb fk cdbk arbmk rn ykybf owrod kf bn bf c`f`w cb fk kwwdds. _d gdbn f`s hdsh`s kfdhbn`s {rb fb ckn rnk odnrwk bsgbfk t cbsybakn fks kwbwdks fb kfdzdkn bf c`f`w& kfmrn`s kfdhbn`s bsën hrt y`w bnodhk cbf wbs`. Kûkck k sr cdbk bs`s 3 srybwkfdhbn`s o`nwk bf c`f`w t bs yw`gkgfb {rb sdbnk rnk cdjbwbnodk y`o`s hdnr`s cbsyräs cb sr ñfdh` g`okc`.

Kwënckn`s ... _rsdrdw y`w `w`. F`s kwënckn`s bsën ffbn`s cb nrwdbnbs {rb bfdhdnkn bf c`f`w cb fk kwwdds. F`s cbfdod`s`s k wënckn`s s`n bsybodkfhbnb wdo`s bn o`hyrbs`s jrnckhbnkfbs ffkhkc`s knd`udcknbs. F`s knd`udckn bs s`n f`s mrkwckbsykfcks cb sr orbwy` {rb yw`bmbn fks kwdorfkod`nbs cb y`sdgfbs ckû`s. _d n` `gdbnb srjdodbnb cb bff`s& bsybwb {rb `hbn jrbwqk äydo`s gw`bs c b kwwdds. Cb eboe`& rn bsrcd` `jdodkf c bf R_CK bno`nwÿ {rb f`s kwënckn`s sdfzbswbs dbnbn hës knd`udcknbs {rb orkf{rdbw `w` kfdhbn` bn bf yfknbk Sdbwwk+ Rnk wbodbnb dnzbsdmkodÿn ek cbsorgdbw` {rb o`hbw kwënckn`s wbcra` sdmndjdok dzkhbnb bf c `f`w cb kwwdds. Sä Zbwcb _d dbnb kwwdds& ekt rnk sdmfk {rb cbgb sbw ykwb cb sr z`okgrfkwd`1 BMOM. Bf BMOM bs bf d nowbègfbhbnb gbnbjdod`s` o`hyrbs` {rb sÿf` sb bnorbnwk bn bf ä zbwcb& {r b froek o`nwk `c`& cbscb bf oënobw k fks okwdbs. Rdfdqkc` crwknb sdmf`s o`h` rn okfhknb ykwk bf c`f`w bn Oed nk& bf ä zbwcb bsë mknknc` fk kbnodÿn cb dnzbsdmkc`wbs rndzbwsdkwd`s bn @oodcbnb. Rn bsrcd` yrgfdokc` y`w fk wbzdskYw`obbcdnms `j eb Nkd`nkf Kokcbht `j _odbnobo`nofrtÿ {rb bf BMOM cdshdnrtb fk =5 dnjfkhkodÿn t kfdzdk bf c`f`w bn ybws`nks o`n kwwdds s bzbwk.

Bf Gwÿo`fd _d bs o`h` fk hkt`wèk cb fks ybws`nks& sr hkcwb edq` {r b wkmkwk bsk khkwmk owroèjbwk zbwcrwk zbwcb orkn c` bwk n dû`. _d ek sbmrdc` srs o`nsba`s bn fk bckc kcrfk& yrbcb n` bnbw kwwdds bn fk korkfdckc. F`s odbnèjdo`s cb fk Rnd zbwsdckc cb Bks Knmfdk e kn cbsorgdbw` wbodbnbhbnb y`w {rä bf gwÿo`fd ktrck k fks ybws`nks o`n `sb`kwwdds& fba`s bf dy` cb kwwdds hës o`hñn. Bff`s cbsorgwdbw`n {rb bf gwÿo`fd %t sÿf` bf g wÿo`fd$ o`ndbnb rn nrwdbnb {rb srbnk cdzbwdc`& srfj`wkjkn`. Bf srfj`wkjkn` yrfsk bf g`ÿn ‖KYKMKC@‘ s`gwb fks bnqdhks {rb cbswrtbn fks

kwdorfkod`nbs t okwèfkm` zrfnbwkgfbs.

Fks Zkdndks %arcèks zbwcbs$ Bn orkn` kf c`f`w kwwèdo`& fks ekgdoerbfks dbnbn hroe` k sr jkz`w. Bn y wdhbw frmkw& dbnbn oksd  kn`s knd `udcknbs y`w mwkh` o`h` f`s kwënckn`s. Kcbhës& s`n rnk cb fks y`oks jrbnbs cb edcwk`s cb okwg`n`& o`n`odcks o`h` ‖okwg`edcwk`s cb cdmbsdÿn fbnk‘.

F`s okwg`edcwk`s cb cdmbsdÿn fbnk sb cdmdbwbn t sb kg s`wgbn fbnkhbnb& k cdjbwbnodk cbf ykn gfkno`& fks ykyks t f`s wbjwbso`s. F`s bsrcd`s hrbswkn {rb srsdr dw f`s okwg`ed cwk`s cb cdmbsdÿn wëydck y`w okwg`edcwk`s cb cdmbsdÿn fbnk& kfdzdk bf c`f`w cb fk kwwdds. Y`w ñfdh`& ybw` n ` hbn`s d hy`wknb& fks Zkdndks ` ekgdoerbfks bsën wbyfbks cb jdgwk s`frgfb. Fk jdgwk s`frgfb froek o`nwk bf kybd` t kobfbwk f`s wbsrfkc`s cb yäwcdck cb ybs` {rb rsbc `gdbnb cb fk cdbk.

=4

FK NRBZK HBCDODNK CB FK O@NODBNODK... Bf _bw Erhkn` bs hdfkmw`s` bn orkn` {rb yrbcb wknsj`whkw sr ykskc`. Kfmrn`s cdobn ‖n` sb `orybn cbf ykskc` {rb bf ykskc` tk n` budsb‘& ybw` bf ykskc` bsë zdz`& ywbsbnb& c`f`w`s`& bn okck rnk cb

nrbswks oäfrfks& jwborbnbhbnb& yw`crodbnc` bnjbwhbckcbs. Bf yw`gfbhk cbf ykskc` bs sd hyfbhbnb {rb ektk ykskc`& {rb f` cbabh`s kwës o`h` rnk bskrk o`nmbfkck. Ybw` kf ykskc` ekt {rb ekobwf` ywbsbnb zdz` ykwk wknsj`whkw sr eds`wdk& ykwk fbbwf` bn `w` oÿcdm`& ykwk dnbwywbkwf` bn bf oÿcdm` cbf kh`w& t& orknc` dnbwywbkh`s bf ykskc` bn bf oÿcdm` cbf kh`w& nrbswks ebwdcks cb fk dnjknodk sb sknkn. T keè n`s`w`s s`h`s f`s ysdoÿf`m`s& f`s ysd{rdk wks& y`cbh`s sknkw nrbswk zdck< `c`s bskh`s ffbn`s cb c`f`wbs& t k zbobs cb c`f`wbs kgsrwc`s& {rb okwmkh`s bn fk zdc k sdn nd sd{rdbwk wbo`n`obw {rb budsbn. Fk äondok wbsydwk`wdk hrt dhy`wknb& `c` fk jksb cb ykrsk wbsydwk`wdk& °y`wbs{rä wkqÿn0 Y`w{rb s`gwb orknc` ñ wbsydwks fbnkhbnb t ekobs rnk ykrsk bn fk dnsydwkodÿn& fk bnbwmèk cbf dno`nsodbnb t bf srgo`nsodbnb skfb k jf`b& bs cbodw sb y wbmrnk °{rb yksk k{rè {rb n` bsën wbsydwknc`0 Bn bsb h`hbn` bf dno`nsodbnb ekob kjf`wkw k fk o`nsodbnodk rnk ykwb k fk {rb n` ekgèkh`s bndc` koobs`& cb fk {rb äwkh`s zèodhks ybw` {rb n` ekgèkh`s wbo`n`odc` nrnok bn fk zdck& t bn bsb h`hbn` y`cbh`s cdkf`mkw o`n bf sr go`nsodbnb t y`cbh`s skokw nrbswks ebwdcks hës yw`jrncks.

Orknc` ekobh`s bs` y`cbh`s dw hës fba`s& ksè bs o`h` korkh`s ykwk fk kr`sknkodÿn. T` yrbc` cbodwhb& y`w babhyf`& °cb cÿncb zdbnb bsk kfbwmdk0& sd bnm` rnk kfbwmdk t {rdbw` fdgwkwhb cb bffk. Fk kfbwmdk bs kfm` {rb wboekq`& rn zdwrs& rnk gkobwdk& rn e`nm`& bf jwè`& bf okf`w& ybw` bs` 59 n` bs cbf `c` odbw`& bs` bs { rbckwn`s hrt o`w`s.

N` ekt ybws`nks {rb sbkn kfäwmdoks sÿf` kf jwè`& fks ybws`nks kfäwmdoks kf jwè` khgd än dbnbn hdbc` k fk s`fbckc& dbnbn hdbc` kf jwè` cbf kfhk& kf jwè` bn f`s sbndhdbn`s& k fk jwdkfckc cbf ykyë ` cb fk hkhë& kf cbskjbo`& bs cbodw& bf jwè` bs sdhyfbhbnb rn sèhg`f`. Orknc` t` s`t kfäwmdo` k kfm`& ekt kfm` {r b wboekq` ` {rb bh`. Bn`nobs sd {rdbw` okhgdkw hd kfbwmdk& wbo`n`qo` hd kfbwmdk. _d s ä {rb n` wbo`n`qo` hd kfbwmdk y`w{rb hb ekob sbndw zbwmöbnqk& bn`nobs wkgka` o`n fk zbwmöbnqk1 °{rb o`sks bn fk zdck hb bz`okn zbwmöbnqk0 Frbm` buybwdhbn` bf sbndhdbn` cb fk zbwmöbnqk t zb` o`h` buybwdhbn` fk zbwmöbnqk& k zbobs hb y`nm` yëfdc` t jwè`& `wks zbobs hb y`nm` w`a` o`h` rn `hkb& `wk f` buybwdhbn` o`h` rn zkoè` ` o`h` rn erbo` k ndzbf cbf yfbu` s`fkw& fk yrbc` buybwdhbnkw cb hroeks hknbwks. Cÿncb t oÿh` buybwdhbn` fk kfbwmdk& hb ck rnk dcbk cb fk ykwb cb hd bnbwmèk {rb bsë o`hyw`hbdck. Zkh`s k zbw `w` sbndhdbn`& bf hdbc`& t` cdwèk {rb fk hdkc cb nrbsw`s frhgkm`s s`n y`w hdbc`. Bf hdbc` yw`z`ok hës frhgkm` {rb `cks fks ebwndks cdsokfbs& `c`s f`s yw`gfbhks kwdorfkwbs& `c`s f`s yw`gfbhks cb o`frhnk& y`w{rb bf bh`w ekob {rb hbkh`s& fdbwkfhbnb& bf wkg` bnwb fks ykks& obwwkh`s bf bsjènbw knkf dnbwn`& k bsb ndzbf& ekt rn obnw` cb bnbwmèk hrt dhy`wknb t& n`s obwwkh`s k fk zdck& o`nwkbh`s `ck fk hrsorfkrwk frhg`skowk& bsk ykwb {rbck hkf dwwdmkck t n`s ckn rn`s frhgkm`s bwwdgfbs& t bsb frhgkm` bs bf n `hgwb ofèndo` cbf hdbc`. _d f`mw{rb ` wbo`n`ob w bfmfñb`s nñofb` tcbf hdbc`& sd f`mw` `gsbwzkwsdhdf`mw` orbwy` t zb` bnm` f`s `ck bsk ykwb o`nwkèck& wbsydwkw ekodk bsk q`nk t fdgbwkw bf sbndhdbn` cbf hdbc`& t ffkhkw kf hdbc` t cbodwfb ‖ñ bwbs fk hba`w ykwb cb hd hdsh`& orknc`

ksodbncbs t b wbzbfks& bwbs hd ywrcbnodk& tk n` bwbs hdbc`& sdn` {rb bwbs ywrcbnodk& bwbs ykwb cb hd kh`w  khgdän‘.

5;

Orknc` t`& k  wkzäs cb fk wbsydwkodÿn& f`mw` ksobncbw bsk bnbwmèk cbf hdbc`& t f`mw` wkshrkwfk kf kfkw cbf o`wkqÿn& {rb bs c `ncb wbkfhbnb nkob bf e`hgwb {rb yr bcb sknkwsb t yrbcb sknkw fk zdck& bn`nobs cbskykwbob bf frhgkm`. Hd wbsbndhdbn`& hd `cd`& jwborbnbhbnb& bsë kn ofkc` bn hds kwdorfkod`nbs. T` bs`t ksè `kfhbnb wèmdc`. K zbobs& o`n bf yrû` kywbkc` bn fk n`oeb& dno`nsodbnbhbnb& cdsyr bs` k ybmkw t k kmwbcdw. Yrbs gdbn& bsb c`f`w kwdorfkw& bs wbsbndhdbn` o`nmbfkc` bn bsk ykwb cbf or bwy`. _d f`mw` buybwdhbnkw bsb c `f`w t ks`odkwf` k hd sbndhdbn` c b dwk t k hd wbsbndhdbn`& t f`mw` o`hywbncbw {rb hd wbsbndhdbn` bs kfm` {rb sb o`nswrtb bn bf yfbu` s`fkw& {rb gf`{rbk fk bnbwmèk k{rè t n` y bwhdb k fk bnbwmèk koobcbw k hd o`wkqÿn& nd k hd sdsbhk dnhrnb& yrbc` ekobw hroe` hës {rb bf wbrhkÿf`m`& ` y rbc` ktrckwfb hroe`& ykwk orwkw t sknkw hd

kwwdds& t t` s`t n` bnm` {rb bsybwkw {rb bf wbrhkÿf`m` hb wbsy`nskgfb& wbsrbfzk bf yw`gfbhk. Fk bnjbwhbckc bs hd yw`gfbhk& n` bs bf yw`gfbhk cbf häcdo`& bs hd wbsy`nskgdfdckc& t` khgdän bnm` {r b zbw o`n bs`. Fk hbcdodnk n` yrbcb sbw bf kwb cb ykskwfb fk ybf`k kf häcdo`& 57 y`w{rb fb ykmkh`s.

Fk nrbzk hbcdodnk cb fk o`nsodbnodk& bs bf kwb cb wbsy`nskgdfdqkwn`s cb nrbswk zdck& t c b cbsorgwdw {rb wbkfhbnb y`cbh`s ekobw hroe` y`w nrbswk zdck. Jwborbnbhbnb& zbh`s {rb rnk ybws`nk o`n rn oënobw ek bndc` rn se`ol& ` rnk yäwcdck kjbodzk hrt mwkncb. _d rnk yäwcdck kjbodzk fb yw`crob rn zkoè` budsbnodkf cb kf cdhbnsdÿn {rb sb zrbfzb rn zkoè` cb bnbwmèk& t ybwhdb {rb fks oäfrfks cbmbnbwkcks yrbckn dnzkcdwfb& bs y`w{rb bskgk kybmkc`& bsb bs bf yw`gfbhk cbf kybm` {rb t` cbg` wbo`n`obw. _d kfmrdbn sb zk t t` f` zdz` cbscb bf kh`w& cbscb bf cbskybm`& sä {rb sr o`nsodbnodk bsë o`nhdm`& f` cba` ykwdw n` f` khkww`. Hroeks zbobs& zbh`s k kfmrdbn kf { rb sb fb hrbwb bf yky ë ` fk hkhë ybw` n` f` cbak ykwdw& bs` bs fd bwkfhbnb odbw`& sb {rbck o`n ykwb cb sr bnbwmèk knofkck kf yfbu` s`fkw. Bsk knofkck bnbwmädok yrbcb owbkw owdsds cb yën do`& cb edybwbnsdÿn& o`sks zd`fbnks bn fk ofèndok. _d n`s`w`s f`mwkh`s {rb fk ybws`nk sb sknb& bs sr kfhk fk {rb f` sknk. Bf sknkc`w n` f` ekob y`w bf ykod bnb& t` o`h` sknkc`w s`t rn dhën {rb fb c`t fk okwmk {rb sr kfhk nbobsdk& wbkfhbnb& fk s knkodÿn bs wbsokkw fk kr`n`hèk& fk kr`mbsdÿn& t fk fdgbwkc cbf `w`& ykwk sknkwsb.

Fk zbwckcbwk sknkodÿn bs ckwb fks ebwwkhdbnks ykwk {rb ñ& cbscb r o`nsodbnodk& b sknbs& n` cbscb r o`nsodbnodk wkod`nkf& sdn` cbscb r sbndhdbn`& cbscb r kh`w& cbscb r kjbo`. Jwborbnbhbnb orknc` rn` bsë e kodbnc` rnk sknkodÿn& zb {rb fk ybws`nk& krn{rb n` fb ektk cdoe` nd rnk ykfkgwk& bhydbqk k ff`wkw t k skokw sr wbsbndhdbn`& t frbm` sdbnb rnk sbnskodÿn cb ykq& {rb n` bs hd ykq& bs sr ykq& bs fk ykq cb Owds` {r b khgdän ekgdk bn fk ybws`nk {rb bsë sdbnc` sknkck. 5?

Fk ykq bsë keè& ek bskc` sdbhywb keè& bs ykwb cb nrbswk bsbnodk& sb wkk sdhyfbhbnb cb {rdkw `c`s k{rbff`s kybm`s& kzbwsd`nbs& sbndhdbn`s& sbykwkdsh`s& `ck k{rbffk okyk cb dmn`wknodk& ykwk {rb fk ykq sb wbzbfb kf orkf bs& t orknc` fk ykq sb wbzbfk& mbwhdnk bf kh`w& t orknc` mbwhdnk bf kh`w fk sknkodÿn bs y`sdgfb& krn{rb f` {rb bnmk sbk rn oënobw& ` rn fryrs. Ybw` n` b orfybs sd n` f` f`mwks& y`w{rb ñ ykwdodyks khgdän bn f`s

yw`gfbhks mbnädo`s cb fk ebwbnodk& cb fk erhkndckc o`h` mwry`. Bs` n` bs ykwk owbbwsb sr ybwhkn& rn` yrbcb sbw hrt `wmrff`s` t cbodwsb ‖bs`t wdsb y`w{rb n` hb orwä bf oënobw‘& bs` n` bs rn

jwkoks`& bf oënobw bs rn hkbsw`& k zbobs kywbncbh`s fk fboodÿn bn rnk `oksdÿn& `wks zbobs nbobsdkh`s cdbq `y`wrndckcbs& t `wks nbobsdkh`s odbn zdcks kf zbq& ybw` f` dhy`wknb bs kywbncbw fk fboodÿn. Rn` n` kywbncb hbcdodnk cb rn cè k ykwk `w`& ekt fbood`nbs srywbhkhbnb o`hyfdokcks t cdjèodfbs. Skhgdän n`s cdy f`hkh`s ` n`s bsybodkfdqkh`s bn bf kfhk& orkn` hës mwkncb sbk cbskjè`& mwkncb bs fk `y`wrndckc owbodhdbn`. T`bfs`f` fbs ebhës yrbs` rn babhyf` cb oÿh` cb y`cbh`s wb`hkw nrbswks bh`od`nbs& dcbndjdokw nrbswks bh`od`nbs& kobykwfks& n` sbmrdw e rtbnc` cb bffks& t ksè y`cbw wknshrkwfks. Ybw` rnk zbq {rb sbndh`s fk bh`odÿn& ekt rnk ywbmrnk jrnckhbnkf °orëf bs fk fboodÿn {rb ekt cbgka` cb bsk bh`odÿn nbmkdzk0 °Orëf bwk bf hbnskab& {rä hb { rbwèk cbodw bsk kodr c t bsk bnjbwhbckc0 Or knc` t` n` cdm` N@& bn fk zdck& bwhdn` wbsbndc` t o`n dwk& ybw` fk dwk n` bs bf yw`gfbhk& fk dwk hb bsë cdodbnc` {rbhba`w ekt {rb kywbncbw wbkjdwhkwhb cdod bnc``N@. Fk dwk bs fk bswkbmdk cb kkr`kjdwhkodÿn. Orknc t` hkndjdbs` fk dwk t fk wknshr `& bsk dwk sb zrbfzb sknkc`wk& bs f` hba`w cb hd jrbwqk& hd dwk gkwwb t fdhydk fk oksk t ekob fks o`sks hës wëydckhbnb& rsbcbs ekn zds` k rn khk cb oksk {rb bn sr dwk wbz`f`bk t bf kfhrbwq` bsë eboe` k fks cdbq cb fk hkûknk.

53

T` skgdk orknc` hd hkcwb bskgk h`fbsk& y`w{rb k fks cdbq cb fk hkûknk fk oksk bskgk wbfrodbnb o`h` rn bsyba`. Fk dwk bs rnk j`whk cb bnbwmèk {rb sb yr bcb wknshrkw jèsdokhbnb& bf eboe` cb {rb fk wknshrbh`s jèsdokhbnb& n` wbsrbfzb fk jrbnb cb fk dwk& fk jrbnb cb fk dwk bs fk nbobsdckc cb kr`kjdwhkwsb& t fk nbobsdckc cb kr`kjdwhkwsb bs fk nbobsdckc cb wbnrnodkw k fk jkfsk o`hyfkobnodk. Owbobw bsydwdrkfhbnb n` bs cbodwfb {rb sè k `c` bf hrn c`. Bf owbodhdbn` bsydwdrkf n` dbnb nkck {rb zbw o`n fk g`gkc k& ybwcÿnbnhb fk buywbsdÿn& ybw` sbw bsydwd rkf n` bs sbw g`g`& t sbw `fbwknb n` bs sbw g`g`& fk `fbwknodk n` buofrtb fk kr`kjdwhkodÿn. Fk kr`kjdwhkodÿn bs o`ncdodÿn cbf owbodhdbn` bsydwdrkf. Ksè {r b t` bnm` {rb cbsorgwdw fk fboodÿn& cbgka` cbf bzbn` nbmkdz`& y`w{rb bf bzbn` nbmkdz` n` bs sdn` fk kykwdbnodk& fk s`hgwk. Ybw` bsk s`hgwk orknc` fk {rd ` kgwb rnk yrbwk frq& rnk fboodÿn { rb t` yrbc` kywbncbw bn hd zdck.

52

MWKODK_ K S@C@_

Hkbsw` _wd Cbzk Jändu 5: