1) ¿EMPRESAS ¿EMPRESAS MINERA MINERAS S QUE PRODUC PRODUCEN EN Au, Ag, Zn, Cu, Cu, Pb, Pb, Fe Fe en el Perú? COMPAÑÍA MINERA VOLCAN: EXTRAE ZINC, PLOMO PLOMO Y PLATA PLATA.. COMP COMPAÑIA AÑIA MINER MINERA A ANTAMI ANTAMINA NA:: EXTR EXTRAE AE COBRE COBRE,, ZINC ZINC , MOLIBD MOLIBDENO ENO , PLATA ,PLOMO. MINERA ATACOCHA: ZINC, PLOMO Y COBRE. MINERA ARASI : EXTRAE ORO Y PLATA. MINERA BUENAVENTURA:ORO , PLATA , COBRE, ZINC. MINERA ATACOCHA : EXTRAE ORO , PLATA , COBRE , ZINC Y PLOMO. . 2) Demn! Demn! !e me"le#, me"le#, $%er", $%er", bln&e$ bln&e$ !el mer&! mer&!$ $ !e me"le me"le# # n&'$nl e 'n"ern&'$nl?
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() COIZACIONES DE* Au, Ag, Zn, Cu, Pb, Fe + #u# r$+e&&'$ne#
COTIZACION DE PLATA, EN + DIAS
-) CUA*ES SON *AS COMERCIA*IZACION
OPERACIONES
EN
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DEPOSIO
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A2a"&%a2#&%8o D&/p!/ & /! pro"&/a2#&%8o &% a pa%8a "o%"&%8raora, & "o%"&%8rao /& a2a"&%a &% 8oa/, "o"a/ o a2a"&%&/ "&rrao/. S! p&r2a%&%"#a "o2o #%&%8ar#o </8o"F?, &p&%& & pro0ra2a & &%8a/, #/po%###a & !%#a&/ & 8ra%/por8& @ & %#& & !2&a, !& && /#8!ar/& &% &ra%0o & 4+ a 4=5. Car0!;o @ &/pa"o & !%#a&/ & 8ra%/por8& Para & "ar0!;o, /& !8##'a% "ar0aor&/ (ro%8a&/ !& &po/#8a% & "o%"&%8rao &% a 8oa & a !%#a & 8ra%/por8& <"a2#o%&/ o a0o%&/? a "!a &/ "!#&r8a "o% o%a/ a/&0!raa/ "o% "a&%a/ o /o0a, para ar pr#a/ & pro!"8o !ra%8& & #aK&. Para &(&"8o/ & "o%8ro & "a#a, /& &8&r2#%a% a !2&a, &@ & pro!"8o @ & p&/o & a!%#a & 8ra%/por8&. Tra%/por8& a &p$/#8o/ & #8ora La/ pa%8a/ "o%"&%8raora/ &% 0&%&ra &/8% !#"aa/ &% a Cor#&ra & o/ A%&/ o/ "a2#o/ "#2a8o$0#"o/ @ 8opo0r1"o/ !ra%8& & 8ra/ao & o/ "o%"&%8rao/ a"#a & #8ora p!&& #%Q!&%"#ar &% a/ "ara"8&r;/8#"a/ (;/#"a/ & a "ar0a. E r&a"o2oo & 2a8&r#a par8#"!ao !ra%8& & 8ra@&"8o, &p&%&r & o/ %#&&/ & !2&a @ "ara"8&r;/8#"a/ (;/#"a/ & "o%"&%8rao, or#0#%a%o pr&/&%"#a & a0!a #r& @ pr#a & 1%o/ &% "a/o !& a 8oa %o (!&/& &r28#"a. !%#"#$% r&1%&r;a E% a "o2&r"#a#'a"#$% #r&"8a, & "o%"&%8rao !& /& a2a"&%a &% a pa%8a "o%"&%8raora, /& 8ra%/por8a por 2&#o & "a2#o%&/ o a0o%&/ a &p$/#8o/ & #8ora @ !&0o a (!%#"#o%&/ @ r&1%&r;a/ para /! pro"&/a2#&%8o po/8&r#or D&p$/#8o/ & L#8ora R&"&p"#$% @ &/"ar0a E% a r&"&p"#$% /& r&a#'a a/ op&ra"#o%&/ & p&/aK& @ 2!&/8r&o. La &/"ar0a & "a2#o%&/ o!&8& 8#po p#/8$%, o a0o%&/ & (&rro"arr# Hopp&r, &/ a!8$%o2a. Para !%#a&/ & 8ra%/por8&, &%o2#%aa/ 2&8a&ro/ /& !8##'a% ra/8ra/ !& r&8#ra% & "o%"&%8rao & a 8oa, o /& &(&"8a 2a%!a2&%8& a 8ra/
& !%a "!ar#a & op&rar#o/ 1%a#'a%o a op&ra"#$%, "o% & arr#o & a pa8a(or2a. C!a%o a !2&a & "o%"&%8rao /& &%"!&%8ra por &%"#2a & a r&!&r#a para & &2ar!& po/8&r#or, /& pro"&& a &98&%&ro para /&"aro & 2a%&ra %a8!ra, a%8&/ & ap#aro. Lo/ &p$/#8o/ "!&%8a% "o% "&r"o p&r#28r#"o & 2a8&r#a %o&, "o% #(&r&%8&/ a8!ra/ & 2!ro a0!%o/ & &o/ "o% #%/8aa"#o%&/ & 2aa/ "or8a#&%8o/ a0!%o/ &p$/#8o/ "!r&% a/ p#a/ "o% 2a%8a/ @ o8ra/ a a #%8&2p&r#&. Ma%&Ko @ pr¶"#$% & o8& & &2ar!& E% &/8a &8apa /& r&a#'a% 2&'"a/ & "o%"&%8rao/ & #(&r&%8&/ pro"&&%"#a/ para "!2p#r "o% !%a "a#a &/p&";1"a &% (!%"#$% a "o2pro2#/o/ & &%8r&0a <&%#%0?. Pr&#o a &/pa"o a a/ #%/8aa"#o%&/ por8!ar#a/, & "o%"&%8rao /& 2!&/8r&a @ /& r&0#/8ra & p&/o & "aa "a2#$%. A/#2#/2o, /& &8&r2#%a & p!%8o & Q!#&' @ & ;2#8& & !2&a 8ra%/por8a&, !& &1%&% & "o2por8a2#&%8o & "o%"&%8rao &%8ro & !!& !ra%8& a 8ra&/;a 2ar;8#2a. P!&r8o Tra%/por8& @ &/"ar0a &% #%/8aa"#o%&/ por8!ar#a/ E "o%"&%8rao /& 8ra%/por8a a 8ra/ & &;"!o/ o & "a2#o%&/ o!&8&/ 8#po p#/8$% o 2&8a&ro/, &#&%o &/8ar a "ar0a, "!#&r8a por !%a 8o&ra. La/ "o%#"#o%&/ & &/"ar0a, /o% /#2#ar&/ a a/ !& /& &(&"8a% &% o/ &p$/#8o/ & "o%"&%8rao/ & "aa &2pr&/a, /&0% /& /&aa &% & ;8&2 .4.3.4.E "o%"&%8rao &/ ap#ao 2&#a%8& "ar0aor&/ (ro%8a&/, (or2a%o !%a p#a &% !% r&a pr$9#2a a a o&0a & !!& !& /&r &/8#aa. .) CUA*ES SON *OS E*EMENOS PARA*IZANES EN UN CONCENRADO DE CO/RE , EN UN CONCENRADO DE Pb ,Ag, Au0
) PUEROS DE EPORACION,SISEMA DE EM/ARQUE 3 IPO DE CONCENRADO QUE EPORA E* PERU? 4) PROCESO 5DIA6RAMA) DE *AS OPERACIONES *O6ISICAS 3 DE *A COPRA DE UN CONCENRADO DE Pb 3 DE *A 7ENA DE UN CONCENRADO DE Pb0 8) DEFINIR *OS SI6UIENES CONCEPOS9 /O*SA DE MEA*ES DE *ONDRES 5*ME), COME , DIRIMENCIA , /RO:ERS0 LME Para #%&r8#r &% a o/a & 2&8a&/ a@ !& /a&r /!/ oK&8#o/ @ /!/ "ara"8&r;/8#"a/. Por &"#r a Bo/a & M&8a&/ & Lo%r&/
A.- S&0% a &%8r&0a: EX orF/<&% pa%8a, (a"8or;a o a2a"%? .B.- C!a%o & 8ra%/por8& pr#%"#pa %o a /#o pa0ao por & &%&or: CA, AS, OB. C.- C!a%o & 8ra%/por8& a /#o pa0ao por & &%&or /#% a/!2#r o/ r#&/0o/ & pr#a/ o ao/ & 2a8&r#a: CR, CPT, CIP.D.- C!a%o & &%&or 8#&%& !& a/!2#r 8oo/ o/ "o/8o/ @ r#&/0o/: DA, DES, DDU. Tra&r/: /o% a/ &%8#a&/ &%"ar0aa/ &% a%a#'ar & 2&r"ao a %#& 2!%#a a%o a /#8!a"#$% & a/ #(&r&%8&/ 2a8&r#a/ pr#2a/. A2#/#$% 8&2pora: r0#2&% a!a%&ro !& p&r2#8& #%8ro!"#r a !% r&"#%8o #%!/8r#a, 2a8&r#a pr#2a @ pro!"8o/ #%8&r2&#o/ &98ra%K&ro/, "o% /!/p&%/#$% & pa0o & #2p!&/8o/ @ &/"#(rao/ &9"!/#a2&%8& a /&r &9por8ao/ &%8ro & !% pa'o %&"&/ar#o &/p!/ & a&r /!(r#o !%a 8ra%/(or2a"#$% o &aora"#$% r&a#'aa por & &%&1"#ar#o . A0&%8& & a!a%a: r&pr&/&%8a%8& a!8or#'ao por & &/8ao, & !&o/ o "o%/#0%a8ar#o/ & 2&r"a%";a/ &% a/ op&ra"#o%&/ & 8r2#8&/ a!a%&ro/. Baa%"& & pa0o/: &/8ao & "!&%8a/ !8##'ao para 2&#r & aor & #&%&/ @ /&r#"#o/, oro @ "ap#8a #%8&r"a2#a%o &%8r& !% pa;/ @ & r&/8o & 2!%o. C!a!#&r pa;/ 8#&%& & 1"#8 & aa%"& & pa0o/ "!a%o /& &%;a 2/ #%&ro a &98&r#or & !& /& r&"#&. S!p&r#8 &/ "!a%o r&"#& 2/ #%&ro & !& &%;a a &98&r#or. COMEX E &%o2#%ao Co22o#8@ E9"a%0& I%".
or Tra& C&%8&r,N& YorF, NY 4++>6. Bo/a & pro!"8o/ & N!&a YorF, &% a "!a /& 1Ka% o/ pr&"#o/ & o/ pr#%"#pa&/ 2&8a&/ por /&r & 2&r"ao & 2&8a&/ 2/ a"8#o &% & 2!%o @ & 8&r"&r 2&r"ao & pro!"8o/ pr#2ar#o/ & o/ E/8ao/ U%#o/ & A2r#"a. ;) QUE ES UNA SUPER7ISION DE EM/ARQUE EN *A EPORACION DE CONCENRADOS 3 PRINCIPA*ES EMPRESAS EN E* PER< La /!p&r#/#$% &/ a a""#$% & &r#1"ar !& o/ pro"#&%8o/ @ 8"%#"a/ &/8a&"#a/ @ %or2aa/ o & a"!&ro&%8r& a/ par8&/ "o%8ra8a%8&/, /& "!2pa.La #(;"# /#8!a"#$% por a !& a8ra#&/a a 2#%&r;a p&r!a%a, a &ao a 0ra% & o/ &9por8aor&/ 2#%&ro/ ar&!"#r /!/ pr&/!p!&/8o/ &% a/ /!p&r#/#o%&/, &/ 2/, a0!%o/, "o%/"#&%8&/ & a /#0%#1"a%"#a & "o%8ro & "a#a &% "aa &8apa & pro"&/o "o2&r"#a, @a %o & a% a &#a #2por8a%"#a @ a/8a &/ "o%/#&raa "o2o!% r&!#/#8o 2/ para "o2p&8ar a o"!2&%8a"#$% & &9por8a"#o%&/. OBETIVO Y ALCANCE
La /!p&r#/#$% & "o%"&%8rao/ 2#%&ra&/ @ 2&8a&/ 8#&%& "o2o oK&8#o, ar ( & !& a/ op&ra"#o%&/ !&/& r&a#"&%, /& aK!/8&% a a/ %or2a/ &/8a&"#a/ o & a"!&ro &%8r& a/ par8&/ "o%8ra8a%8&/, & (or2a !&o/ r&/!8ao/ 0ara%8#"&% a 2&Kor &9pr&/#$% & pro!"8o &% "!a%8o a /! r&pr&/&%8a8##a.La /!p&r#/#$% &aa &1"#&%8&2&%8& a a (a8a & &a por r&!""#$% & "o/8o/, &% "aa !%a & a/ &8apa/!& 2&%"#o%ar&2o/ a&a%8&, por;a r&p&r"!8#r &"o%$2#"a2&%8& p&rK!#"a%o a !%a & a/ par8&/, por&o, &/ #2por8a%8& a par8#"#pa"#$% & !%a &2pr&/a /!p&r#/ora &/p&"#a#'aa &% & r!ro @ &r&"o%o"#2#&%8o #%8&r%a"#o%a. PRINCIPALES EMPRESAS SUPERVISORAS EN EL PERW: E% %!&/8ro/ 2&#o &9#/8&% &2pr&/a/ & /!p&r#/#$% @ "o%8ro & "a#a, "o% r&"o%o"#2#&%8o #%8&r%a"#o%a, r&0#/8rao/ &% a #/8a & /!p&r#/or&/ @ aora8or#o/ & Lo%o% M&8a E9"a%0& - LME , &%"ar0aa/ & "&r8#1"ar & p&/o @ a "a#a & pro!"8o, 2a8&r#a & "o2&r"#a#'a"#$%.E%8r& a/ 2/ #2por8a%8&/ &% & P&r, /& 2&%"#o%a%: -SJS & P&r S.A. -A(r& H. G%#08 & P&r -A&9 S8&ar8 < A//a@&r? & P&r -I%/p&"8ora8& Jr#8 L8 E Jr!po M!%#a SJS, &/8/ r&0#/8rao &% a INTERNATIONAL EDERATION O INSPECTION AJENCIES 3 ZINC S>60 Z#%" SJH
ar#"a"#$% & a&a"#o%&/ "o% A!2#%#o para #%@&""#$% & p#&'a/ < ZAMAC ?. ar#"a"#$% & O9#o & Z#%" < U8##'ao &% C&r2#"a/ , (ar2a"!8#"a , "o/28#"a, %&!28#"o/ , &8"?. Z#%" HJ < A8o 0rao )).)65 ?
12) MUESREO , PESAE , DEERMINACION CERIFICACION DE PRE@EM/ARQUE
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MUESTREO E oK&8#o pr#%"#pa &/ o8&%&r !%a 2!&/8ra r&pr&/&%8a8#a & o8& 8o8a a "o2&r"#a#'ar/&, !& r&Q&K& r&a2&%8& o/ "o%8&%#o/ 8a%8o &% !2&a para & ""!o & p&/o %&8o /&"o, @ &% "a#a para &8&r2#%aro/ &&2&%8o/ pa0a&/ @ p&%a#'a&/. D#/8#%8a/ (or2a/ & 2!&/8r&o /o% pra"8#"aa/ por o/ prop#o/ 2#%&ro/ o por /!/ /!p&r#/or&/ &% o/ #/8#%8o/ &p$/#8o/, p!&r8o/ @ (!%#"#o%&/ & 2!%o, @a /&a% %or2aa/ o %o, /o% ap#"aa/ para o8&%&r !%a 2!&/8ra, /#% &2ar0o %o %&"&/ar#a2&%8& 8oo/ /o% r&pr&/&%8a8#a/. Caa pro!"8o por /! %a8!ra&'a, "o%8&%#o/ 2&8#"a/ @ aor "o2&r"#a, && /&r oK&8o/ & !% /#/8&2a & 2!&/8r&o a&"!ao @ &% a0!%o/ "a/o/ /!p&ra%o a/ &9#0&%"#a/ & a/ %or2a/. S#&%o a 2!&/8ra a a/& (!%a2&%8a para & ""!o & o/ p&/o/ @ "o%8&%#o/ 2&8#"a/ para a aor#'a"#$%, &/ #2por8a%8& "o%8&2par a/ /#0!#&%8&/ "o%/#&ra"#o%&/: - M!&/8r&o aKo a/ r&(&r&%"#a/ & !%a %or2a 8"%#"a, "o% r&"o%o"#2#&%8o Na"#o%a o #%8&r%a"#o%a. [ R&"o%o"#2#&%8o & a/ "ara"8&r;/8#"a/ prop#a/ & "o%8ra8ao. [ D&1%#r & 8a2ao & #%"r&2&%8o
- & 2!&/8r&o &% (aKa 8ra%/por8aora "o%/#&rao/ a8&r%a8#a/ & 8o2a & #%"r&2&%8o/ : - U%a "o% (aKa 8ra%/por8aora &8&%#a 8o2a%o 8oa a /&""#$% 8ra%/&r/a "a"!aa & a"!&ro a 8a2ao & par8;"!a/, ap#"aa para o/ "o%"&%8rao/ & "a#a &8&ro0%&a. - o8ra "o% (aKa 8ra%/por8aora &% 2o#2#&%8o 8o2a%o o/ #%"r&2&%8o/ &% !% p!%8o &8&r2#%ao, &%8ro & a /&""#$% 8ra%/&r/a ap#"aa para o/ "o%"&%8rao/ & "a#a o2o0%&a. PESAE Lo/ &p$/#8o/ @o (!%"#o%&/ & "o%"&%8rao/ @ 2#%&ra&/, &/8% pro#/8o/ 2a@or2&%8& & aa%'a/ & pa8a(or2a para "a2#o%&/ @ &% 2&%or &/"aa para a0o%&/
D& "!aro po&2o/ r&!"#r !& a 8o&ra%"#a &/ 2&%or para "ar0a/ a =+5 & a "apa"#a 29#2a ap#"aa /or& a aa%'a, por "o%/#0!#&%8& & p&/aK& & !% "a2#$% o a0$% "o% "ar0a @ /#% "ar0a &/8% /!K&8o/ a o/ 8#po/ & &rror&/ 8o&rao/ por a %or2a, @a !& a 8ara & !%a !%#a & 8ra/por8& p!&& o/"#ar &%8r& 4+ @ + TM apro9. Y & p&/o r!8o a"a%'ar a/8a 2/ & *+ TM apro9. E 6+5 & a/ &9por8a"#o%&/ & "o%"&%8rao/ a %#& %a"#o%a, /& pro!"&% por & p!&r8o "aao, /o% "o%8ao/ a/ aa%'a/ !& "!2p& "o% a/ r&#/#o%&/ p&r#$#"a/ @ a(&r#"#$% o1"#a&/, p!&/ a 2a@or;a & &a/ a% "!a%o pr&/&%8a% o %o "o&1"#&%8&/ & ar#a"#$% a"&p8a&/, &/ &"#r &% 2a@or propor"#$% a a pro!""#$% a"#a arr#a <\? o a"#a aaKo <-?. Lo/ pro&2a/ & pr&"#/#$% & aa%'a/ /!2ao/ a o/ &rror&/ 8o&rao/ por a %or2a 2&8ro$0#"a, p!&&% #%"r&2&%8ar &% 2a@or propor"#$% a a pro!""#$% & 2&r2a/. U%a aa%'a &% 2aa/ "o%#"#o%&/ op&ra8#a/, p!&&% o"a/#o%ar pr#a/ /#0%#1"a8#a/, por &o /8a/ &&% /&r "o%8roaa/ p&r#$#"a @ &/8a;/8#"a2&%8&, &/ &"#r & or0a%#/2o o1"#a &%"ar0ao &&r;a &ar !% r&0#/8ro & a/ (&"a/ & "o%8ro @ aproar o &/aproar /! op&ra8##a, a/#2#/2o a/ &2pr&/a/ 2#%&ra/ &&r;a% &/8!#ar & "o2por8a2#&%8o o 8&%&%"#a, &a!a%o o/ "o&1"#&%8&/ & ar#a"#$% o %#&&/ & pr&"#/#$% & a 2#/2a @o "o% r&/p&"8o a o8ra & /#2#ar&/ "ara"8&r;/8#"a/, !& & p&r2#8&% &% & 2o2&%8o opor8!%o 8o2ar &"#/#o%&/, @a /&a &% o/ "o%8ra8o/ o "o2o a""#$% pr&&%8#a.
CERTIICACION PRE- EMBARUE E% a a"8!a#a & "o2&r"#o #%8&r%a"#o%a & "o%"&%8rao 2#%&ra&/, &/ & r&/!8ao & "o2p&Ka/ #%8&ra""#o%&/ &%8r& a 8&"%oo0;a @ a #%2#"a & 2!%o &"o%$2#"o. D!ra%8& & /#0o pa/ao, a &2a%a por 2#%&ra&/ pro&%#&%8&/ & @a"#2#&%8o/ /!p&r1"#a&/ @ r#"o/ %o (!&ro% &%"o%8rao/ &/8o &r#$ a !%a &9po8a"#$% & &p$/#8o/ !#"ao/ a 2a@or&/ pro(!%#a&/ para o "!a #%8&r#%#&ro% &/arroo/ 8&"%o$0#"o/ @ pro"&/o/ & a8a "apa"#a & "o%"&%8ra"#$%. E/8o/ o/ (a"8or&/ & &2a%a @ "apa"#a p&r2#8#&ro% & "r&"#2#&%8o /#2!8%&o & 0ra%&/ %a&/ para 8ra/por8ar "ar0a/ a 0ra%& a/8a o/ 8#2o/ "o%/!2#or&/ & 8oo & 2!%o. E/8& &/"&%ar#o "r&$ p�ro/ &% & 8ra/por8&/ &#o a a %a8!ra&'a (;/#"a & !% "o%"&%8rao & 2#%&ra. Lo/ "o%"&%8rao/ &/8% 0&%&ra2&%8& "o%/8#8!#o/ por 8r&/ (a/&/: "#&r8a/ "o%#"#o%&/ @ "o%K!%8a2&%8& "o% (!&r'a/ &9#/8&%8&/ !ra%8& & 8ra/por8&, o/ "o%"&%8rao/ p!&&% #"!ar/& o"a/#o%a%o #%&/8a##a &% & !!& & 8ra/por8& @ !% po8&%"#a &/a/8r&. E p!%8o a "!a !% "o%"&%8rao p!&& #"!ar/& <8r2#%o "o%o"#o "o2o LO Mo#/8!r& Po#%8 o MP? &/8 pr&/&%8ao por a #%8&r%a8#o%a Mar#8#2& or0a%#'a8#o%
Lo/ a"!&ro/ "o%8ra"8!a&/ &%8r& "o2praor @ &%&or, p!&&% &% 2!"o/ "a/o/ #%"!#r "!/!a/ r&a8#a/ "o2o: 8ra/por8& & 2&r"a%";a/ & a"!&ro a a/ r&0!a"#o%&/ IMO para 8ra/por8& /&0!ro & a "ar0a. E "$#0o IMO &1%& a a !2&a L;2#8& Tra%/por8a& o 8ra%/por8a& Mo#/8!r& L#2#8
EXPORTACIONES MINERAS La/ &9por8a"#o%&/ 2#%&ra/ /!2aro% US] 37,*4 2#o%&/ &% 3+44. D&/& 3++=, a/ &%8a/ 2#%&ra/ a &98&r#or "r&"#&ro% a !%a 8a/a pro2&#o a%!a & 46.75. La #2por8a%"#a & a/ &9por8a"#o%&/ 2#%&ra/ /& o/&ra &% /! p&/o &%8ro & a/ &9por8a"#o%&/ 8o8a&/ !& a pa/ao & %#&&/ #%(&r#or&/ a =+5 a ar&&or & *+5 &% o/ 8#2o/ ao/ <&r Jr1"o =?. D#"a &9pa%/#$% /& && pr#%"#pa2&%8& a o/ pr&"#o/ & o/ 2&8a&/, &9p&r#2&%8ao/ &% o/ 2&r"ao/ #%8&r%a"#o%a&/. Co2o /& 2!&/8ra &% & Jr1"o *, &/& 3+++ o/ pr&"#o/ /& a% 2!8#p#"ao "a/# por "#%"o. E p&r#oo 3++=-3+44/& "o%/8#8!@& "o2o & & 2a@or "r&"#2#&%8o & pr&"#o/ "o% !%a 8a/a a"!2!aa & 47+5. E "r&"#2#&%8o & o/ pr&"#o/ & "or&, pa8a, #&rro @ &/8ao /& && a !%a 2a@or &2a%a #%8&r%a"#o%a por par8& & C#%a @ o8ra/ &"o%o2;a/ &2&r0&%8&/, & #%"!/o & &"o%o2;a/ &/arroaa/ !ra%8& & oo2 & "r&"#2#&%8o 2!%#a &%8r& 3++= @ 3++6. E 2a@or pr&"#o & oro /& &9p#"a por /! "!a#a & a"8#o r&(!0#o, !& /& o/&r$ !ra%8& a "r#/#/ 1%a%"#&ra #%8&r%a"#o%a & 3++6 @ 3++) @ a "r#/#/ & &!a &!rop&a. D& 2oo "o%8rar#o a o/ pr&"#o/, o/ o2&%&/ & &9por8a"#$% 2o/8raro% /! 2&Kor &/&2p&o &%8r& 3+++ @ 3++= p!&/ "r&"#&ro% 435 pro2&#o a%!a &#o a a &%8raa & pro@&"8o/ #2por8a%8&/ "o2o A%8a2#%a. S#% &2ar0o, &/& 3++= o/ o2&%&/ %o a% "r&"#o & #%"!/o &% 3+4+ @ 3+44 a% "a;o.
1-) PRO/*EMA N 1 VALORIZAR BARRAS DE BULLION DE ACUERDO A LOS DATOS DE UN CONTRATO DE REINACION Y COMPRA DE BULLION EN CONDICIONES .O.B METAL OR Co%8ra8o N^ * & R&1%a"#$% @ Co2para & B!o% E%8r&0a .O.B &"a:4=443+4> LIUIDACION CUADRO INAL DE CONTENIDO DE METALES < ABASE DEL CERTIICADO DE PESAE, MUESTREO Y DE CANE DE LEYES? &@&/ A!<5? A0<5? ==.
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4=)FACORES A*CISAS 3 /AISAS QUE 7ARIAN E* PRECIO DE *OS MEA*ES Lo/ (a"8or&/ &"o%$2#"o/ !& #%Q!@&% &% o/ 2&8a&/ /o% a!&o/ !& a(&"8a% & &/&%o#2#&%8o & o/ pr#%"#pa&/ pa;/&/ #%!/8r#a#'ao/ "o2o: a (or8a&'a & D$ar A2&r#"a%o #%Q!@& %&0a8#a2&%8& &% o/ 2&8a&/, a a!2&%8ar & r&%#2#&%8o & a/ #%&r/#o%&/ &% $ar&/ a"#&%o !& & 2&8a o(r&'"a 2&%or&/ &9p&"8a8#a/. E pr&"#o & p&8r$&o a 2o2&%8o & !%a a'a a!2&%8a &% 0ra% par8& o/ "o/8o/ & pro!""#$% #%!/8r#a, o !& prop#"#a & a!2&%8o & a #%Qa"#$% "o% &o 8#&%& a #2p!/ar a &2a%a &/p&"!a8#a & o/ 2&8a&/.
. 1) ANA*ISIS DE* MERCADO DE MEA*ES EN EL MERCADO DE LOS METALES, EL VOLUMEN DE EXPORTACION UE SE MANEA ESTA RELACIONADO DIRECTAMENTE CON EL PRECIO , EL CUAL ESTA EN CONSTANTE CAMBIO POR MULTIPLES ACTORES ALCISTAS Y BAISTAS COMO SON :
4. VOLWMENES DE PRODUCCI`N E &"o & !& /& &/"!ra @ &9po8& !% @a"#2#&%8o #2por8a%8& & 2#%&ra&/ #%"r&2&%8a /! o!2&% a"8!a @ pro!"& !%a aKa & pr&"#o/. Lo 2#/2o /!"&& "o% & &"o "o%8rar#o. C!a%o !%a 2#%a a"aa "o% /!/ r&/&ra/ &9po8a&/ "r&a !%a aKa &% a pro!""#$% 0oa !& ar /!#r o/ pr&"#o/. E/8o &/ o !& p!&& pa/ar, por &K&2po, "o% a pro!""#$% 2!%#a & 8#&rra/ rara/ <& 2!"o !/o &% pro!"8o/ 8&"%o$0#"o/? @a !& &% Jro&%a%#a &/8ar;a por &9po8ar/& !% @a"#2#&%8o !& !p#"ar;a a pro!""#$% 2!%#aa"8!a. Ta2#% #%Q!@&, a &/8& r&/p&"8o, & &"o & !& !%a 2#%a &"#a #%"r&2&%8ar /! pro!""#$% a ra;' & !%a 2a@or &1"#&%"#a pro!"8#a, & !% 2a@or !/o & 8&"%oo0;a o & !%a &98ra""#$% 2/ #%8&%/#a. E a!2&%8o & a pro!""#$% r&aKar o/ pr&"#o/. 3.
LA CRISIS
La/ "r#/#/ /o% !% (a"8or "a& para & pr&"#o & o/ 2#%&ra&/. Y para 2!&/8ra !% o8$%. C#%a &/ & pa;/ !& "o%/!2& 2/ & >+5 & 8oo/ o/ 2&8a&/ & 2!%o @, &% a 8#2a "aa, & #%a2#/2o & /! &"o%o2;a "a8ap!8$ a!2&%8o/ & PBI /!p&r#or&/ a 4+5 a%!a. E/8o pro!Ko !% &ra&ro a!0& po/#8#o &% o/ pr&"#o/ & a/ 2a8&r#a/ pr#2a/. P&ro a /#8!a"#$% a "a2#ao. La &"o%o2;a "#%a &#&%"#$ 2!&/8ra/ & a0o8a2#&%8o @ !%a 8&%&%"#a a a aKa &/& 1%a&/ & 3+44, "!a%o /! PBI aK$ a /oo !%a "#(ra. S! 2&%or &2a%a &2p!K$ o/ pr&"#o/ a a aKa. E/8ao/ U%#o/ @ a Co2!%#a E!rop&a, por /! par8&, /o% 8a2#% "o%/!2#or&/ 2!@ #2por8a%8&/ & 2#%&ra&/ @ a% pa/ao !%a r&"&/#$% 2!@ 0ra%&
"o2p&8a2&%8& & &a. S# a2o/ /&"8or&/ &2a%a%8&/ & 2!%o /& r&"!p&ra%, &%8o%"&/ o/ pr&"#o/ & o/ 2&8a&/ p!&&% o&r a r&/!r0#r. U% "a/o &/p&"#a &/ & oro !&, por o 0&%&ra, /!& "!a%o a/ &"o%o2;a/ %o a% #&%. H#/8$r#"a2&%8&, 2!"o/ #%&r/#o%#/8a/ p#&%/a% &% & oro "o2o !%a #%&r/#$% a8&r%a8#a "!a%o o/ 8#&2po/ &"o%$2#"o/ /o% #(;"#&/ @ o !/a% para /aa0!arar/&. E/ por &/o !& & 2&8a pr&"#o/o /& #/para &% ao/ po/8&r#or&/ a a/ "r#/#/ 1%a%"#&ra/. E oro &0$ a /! 29#2o &% /&p8#&2r& & 3+44, %&0o"#%o/& &% 2/ & 4,)++ $ar&/ a o%'a, p&ro o/ pr&"#o/ a% "a;o &/& &%8o%"&/ !% 3>5 a%8& a/ /&a&/ & !& a &"o%o2;a & E/8ao/ U%#o/ /& &/8 r&"!p&ra%o. . SITUACI`N SOCIAL Y ECON`MICA E% "#r"!%/8a%"#a/ &/p&"#a&/ "o2o !%a 0!&rra, !%a /#8!a"#$% & &2&r0&%"#a, 8&rror#/2o, /!"&/o/ %a8!ra&/ o & #%"&r8#!2r& po;8#"a o &"o%$2#"a o/ pr&"#o/ & oro @ a pa8a /& #/para%. Proa&2&%8& por!& a"8a% "o2o !% a"8#o & r&(!0#o, &/ &"#r, !% !0ar o%& pro8&0&r @ pr&/&rar a r#!&'a. E% &/8a/ po"a/ a 0&%8& @ o/ #%&r/#o%#/8a/ /& /#&%8&% 2/ /&0!ro/ & aor & o/ 2&8a&/ pr&"#o/o/ !& & pap& 2o%&a ! o8ra/ &rra2#&%8a/ 1%a%"#&ra/ @ 8ra8a% & a!#r#r 8a%8o "o2o p!&a%. U%a /!#a 0&%&ra & o/ pr&"#o/ &/ "a/# #%a&. Lo 2#/2o /!"&& "o% & pa%ora2a &"o%$2#"o. S# a &"o%o2;a &/8 & 2aa/ @ /!/ 2&r"ao/ 8#&%&% a a aKa, & pr&"#o & oro /& #%"r&2&%8a &#o a !& 2/ p&r/o%a/ op8a% por #%&r8#r &% oro @ pa8a. I%"!/#& a@ &"o/ /o"#a&/ "o%"r&8o/ !& 8#&%&% /! #%Q!&%"#a &% o/ pr&"#o/. La &0aa & %!&o ao C#%o <"o%o"#o "o2o &/8#a & Pr#2a&ra?, por &K&2po, /!&& #2p#"ar a 2&%o/ 4= ;a/ & 2&r"ao/ "#%o/ "&rrao/. E/8o/ ;a/ a &2a%a & 2&8a&/ #/2#%!@& @ & pr&"#o /!&& aKar. E/8& ao 3+4> & &&%8o "o2&%'$ & 4 & E%&ro 743, Ao & Caao, /&0% & "a&%ar#o "#%o?. >.
POLÍTICAS DE LOS BANCOS CENTRALES
Lo/ a%"o/ "&%8ra&/ /!&&% #%&r8#r &% oro @ pa8a "o2o !%a "o&r8!ra "o%8ra a #%Qa"#$%. E oro, "o2o a pa8a, /o% /&0!ro/ & #a "o%8ra a/ (aa/ & /#/8&2a !& a(&"8a% & 2!%o &"o%$2#"o-1%a%"#&ro. P&ro %o /$o /& #%#&r8& &% oro. Ta2#% &% pa8a, "or& @ a#2&%8o/ "o2o a /o@a @ 2a8&r#a/ pr#2a/ "o2o & a0o$%, &%8r& o8ro/ <&/ &"#r, &% commodities? @ &/8a/ "o2pra/ a(&"8a% & pr&"#o & 2&r"ao. La/ po;8#"a/ 1%a%"#&ra/ &/p&";1"a/ 8a2#% 8#&%&% /! p&/o. U%a 2a@or 8a/a & #%8&r/ a a proo"ar !& a/ p&r/o%a/ #%#&r8a% &% ##/a/ <$ar, @&%, &!ro/, p&/o/, &8".? @a !& o/ r&%#2#&%8o/ /o% 2a@or&/, 2#&%8ra/ !& !%a aKa 8a/a & #%8&r/ ar !& & pr&"#o & oro /!a por!& o/ #%&r/#o%#/8a/ pr&(&r#r% "o2prar 2&8a&/ pr&"#o/o/ "o2o &(&%/a "o%8ra a #%Qa"#$%. A"8!a2&%8& &/ 8a%8a a #!#&' !& 8#&%&% o/ #%&r/#o%#/8a/ por a/ po;8#"a/ 2o%&8ar#a/ & a R&/&ra &&ra & E/8ao/ U%#o/, & Ba%"o C&%8ra & I%0a8&rra, Ba%"o C&%8ra E!rop&o @, 2/ r&"#&%8&2&%8&, & Ba%"o & ap$%, !& par8& & o/ por8a(o#o/ &/p&"!a8#o/ &/8% #%8&0rao/ por commodities. E "or& a /#o a(&"8ao por a8o/ #%&%8ar#o/ &% a Bo/a & Lo%r&/ @ & M&r"ao & !8!ro/ & Sa%0a#, &% 2&#o & !%a &/a"&&ra"#$% & a/ "o2pra/ & C#%a. E o8ro (&%$2&%o #2por8a%8& & a/ po;8#"a/ a%"ar#a/ /o% a/ o&aa/ & &%8a/ & a/ 2a8&r#a/ pr#2a/. Lo/ a%"o/ & a0!%o/ pa;/&/ >4 2#o%&/ & &!ro/? para pa0ar a (a"8!ra & r&/"a8& @ & !& pa;/&/ &!rop&o/ a8a2&%8& &%&!ao/ "o2o I8a#a, E/paa @ Por8!0a /#0a% /! &K&2po. =.
VALOR DEL D`LAR
U%a pr&2#/a "/#"a !& a #%Q!#o &% a "o8#'a"#$% &/ a r&a"#$% #%&r/a !& &9#/8& &%8r& & $ar @ & oro. Dao !& & $ar &/ a ##/a o 2o%&a !& a 2a@or;a & 2!%o !/a, "!a!#&r "a;a &% /! aor ar !0ar a !% #%"r&2&%8o &% & pr&"#o & oro. H#/8$r#"a2&%8&, &/8& a /#o & pr#%"#p#o: /# & $ar /!& & pr&"#o & oro aKa, /# & $ar aKa & pr&"#o & oro /!&. E/8a r&a"#$%, /#% &2ar0o, par&"& &/8ar "a2#a%o. S# 8o2a2o/ "o2o r&(&r&%"#a & ;%#"& a"8!a DXY Doar I%&9, & ;%#"& !& r&"o0& 2&Kor a &o!"#$% & $ar (r&%8& a r&/8o & ##/a/ #%8&r%a"#o%a&/, @ a &o!"#$% & pr&"#o & oro, o/&rar&2o/ !& &9#/8&% ar#o/ p&r;oo/ &% o/ !& & $ar @ & oro a% #o & a 2a%o. A a !' & &/8o/ r&/!8ao/, por;a2o/ aar #%"!/#& & a &9#/8&%"#a & "orr&a"#$% po/#8#a &%8r& & $ar USA @ & oro. Too !% "a2#o & para#02a !& &2a%ar;a !% a%#/#/ 2/ &98&%/o. *.
ESPECULACI`N Lo/ pr&"#o/ & o/ 2&8a&/ p!&& /&r &% 2!"o/ "a/o/ #%Q!&%"#ao/ 8a2#% por a #/po%###a & #!#&' & o/ (o%o/ & #%&r/#$% @ por o/ pro%$/8#"o/ !& /!&&% ar o/ 0!r/ & 2&#o, &/ &"#r, por a &/p&"!a"#$%. E%
ar# & 3+4 Societe Generale&2#8#$ !%a %o8a o%& aaa & !%a !r!Ka & oro !& 2o#$ o/ 2&r"ao/. E% !% #%(or2& po/8&r#or, Jo2a% Sa"/ r&"or8$ /! pr&"#o oK&8#o & 8r&/ 2&/&/ para a o%'a & oro &/& US]4,*4= a US]4,=+ @ r&!Ko /! pro%$/8#"o & 43 2&/&/ a US]4,)+ &/& US]4,==+. Por /! par8&, !% a%"o K!%8o a Bar"a@/ @ Cr S!#//&, a% /a#o a pro%o/8#"ar pr&"#o/ pro2&#o 2/ aKo/ &% 3+4> !& o/ a"a%'ao/ & 3+4. #%a2&%8&, a o%#%&%/& Cap#8a E"o%o2#"/ a%!%"#$ !& & 2&8a roKo <"or&? "a&r & "&r"a & o/ a"8!a&/ US]7,3++8 a 2&%o/ & US]*,+++8 & 3+4> a 2&#a !& a o(&r8a /!a 2/ rp#a2&%8& !& a &2a%a.
bS&r 8oo &/8o "#&r8oc Dao !& a pro@&""#$% & pr&"#o/ %o &/ !%a "#&%"#a &9a"8a, 2!"o & o !& /& #"& o&&"& a #%8!#"#$% @ &9p&r#&%"#a 2/ !& a "&r8&'a "o2proa&. Lo %#"o !& /; &/ /&0!ro &/ !& &/8o/ pro%$/8#"o/ #%Q!#r%, & !%a ! o8ra (or2a, &% o/ pr&"#o/. 7.
PROBLEMAS INTERNOS DE LAS EMPRESAS MINERAS
O8ro a/p&"8o %o po"o #2por8a%8& a "o%/#&rar &/ !& a /#8!a"#$% a2#%#/8ra8#a & a/ &2pr&/a/ 2#%&ra/ %o /#&2pr& p&r2a%&"& &/8a&. S# a pro!""#$% /& & a(&"8ao por !%a !&0a & 2#%&ro/, por &K&2po, @ "a& a o(&r8a, &/8o ar !0ar a !% a!2&%8o &% a/ "o8#'a"#o%&/. U% &K&2po & &/8o o &%"o%8ra2o/ &% a !&0a !& /& #o &% !#o & 3+44 &% a 2#%a Jra/&r0, para 2!"o/ a 2/ 0ra%& & 2!%o, !& 8#&%& a/ r&/&ra/ & "or& r&"!p&ra&/ 2/ #2por8a%8&/ & pa%&8a @ a/ 2a@or&/ r&/&ra/ & oro. La !&0a a@!$ a &&ar o/ pr&"#o/ & "or& a 29#2o/ %o pr&#/8o/. 6.
SUSTITUCI`N Y NUEVA TECNOLOJÍA U% a/p&"8o !& 8a2#% #%Q!@& &% o/ pr&"#o/ & o/ commodities &/ !& & !/o & o/ 2&8a&/ para !% &8&r2#%ao 1% p!&& "a2#ar @, "o% &/o, r&!"#r /! &2a%a @ po/8&r#or pr&"#o. E oro, por &K&2po, /& a !/ao #/8$r#"a2&%8& @ &% !&%a 2&#a para 2&8a 2o%&a, &/ &"#r, "o2o r&/&ra. Y o/ pa;/&/
2/ &2a%a%8&/ &ra% o/ o""#&%8a&/. D& &"o &/8& &/ a% &/ !%o & /!/ !/o/ #2por8a%8&/. P&ro a"8!a2&%8& & 2a@or !/o & oro &/ para Ko@&r;a @ & 7+5 & &/8& o "o%/!2& a I%#a. E/8a a8&ra"#$% & !/o @ & 2&r"ao a a(&"8ao /! "o2por8a2#&%8o &"o%$2#"o. O8ro/ 2&8a&/ a% &9p&r#2&%8ao !%a #/2#%!"#$% & /! &2a%a &#o a !%a /!/8#8!"#$% & 2a8&r#a&/. Por &K&2po, & po2o. Aora 8&%&2o/ a8&r;a/ "o% 2&%o/ po2o, 0a/o#%a/ /#% po2o, "a&r;a/ & PVC &% &' & po2o, &8". o "!a a 2o#1"ao /! pr&"#o "o% pr&/#$% a a aKa. E "or& &/ o8ro "a/o. Aora a@ ra#aor&/ & a!2#%#o &% &' & "or&, o "!a /# /& 0&%&ra#'a por;a a(&"8ar /! pr&"#o. Y 2!"o 2/ /# /!r0#&ra !% /!/8#8!8o 2a/#o para o/ "o%!"8or&/ &"8r#"o/ @a !& 2/ & =+5 & "or& !& /& pro!"& &% & 2!%o /& 8ra%/(or2a &% &/8o/. ).
ACCI`N JUBERNAMENTAL Caa pa;/ 2a%&Ka /! prop#o "r#8&r#o &% "!a%8o a /!/ r&/&ra/ #%8&r%a"#o%a&/ &% 2&8a, #2p!&/8o/, r&0a;a/, &8". E/8a/ &@&/ a(&"8a% a o/ 2&8a&/ @ p!&&% /&r 2!@ &"#/#a/ para /! "o8#'a"#$%.
E&%8!a2&%8&, o/ pa;/&/ p!&&% #2p&2&%8ar po;8#"a/ & ;2#8&/ para a "o8#'a"#$%, #2por8a"#$% o &9por8a"#$% & oro @ o8ro/ 2&8a&/. E% EE.UU. por &K&2po, &%8r& 4)> @ 4)73 & pr&"#o & oro /& 1K$ por &@ &% US] = a o%'a 8ro@. !& r&"#% &% a po"a & R#"ar N#9o% !& /& #%$ a 1Ka"#$% &%8r& & $ar US @ & oro, @ /& &K$ a 2&r"ao &8&r2#%ar & pr&"#o & 2&8a pr&"#o/o. E% & "a/o & o/ pa;/&/ "o% r&0;2&%&/ 2/ a!8o"r8#"o/ &/8a/ po;8#"a/ /!&&% /&r 2!"o 2/ (r&"!&%8&/. A""#o%&/ "o2o &/8a p!&&% "a2#ar o/ pa8ro%&/ & pr&"#o/ @ "r&ar !%a #%2#"a #(&r&%8& para & 2&r"ao & o/ 2&8a&/. 4+. CAPACIDAD DE RECICLAE U% &&2&%8o 2/ !& p!&& #%Q!#r &% a "o8#'a"#$% & !% 2&8a &/ a "apa"#a & r&"#"aK& !& /& 8#&%& & o & /! 0rao & r&!8##'a"#$%. A!%!& a/ po;8#"a/ & r&"#"aK& a% /#o #/8$r#"a2&%8& #2#8aa/, a"8!a2&%8& a/#/8#2o/ a !% %(a/#/ "r&"#&%8& & &/8& a/p&"8o #2p!/ao por /!/ &%&1"#o/ &"o$0#"o/ @ &%&r08#"o/. A r&"#"ar "a8arra, /& r&!"&
/#0%#1"a8#a2&%8& a "o%8a2#%a"#$% & a0!a, a#r& @ o/ &/&"o/ & a 2#%&r;a &% !% 7+5. E a"&ro @a &/ & 2a8&r#a 2/ r&"#"ao &% o/ E/8ao/ U%#o/, &% par8& & &;"!o/ &/&"ao/. A r&"#"ar & #&rro @ & a"&ro, & #&rro %!&o %o 8#&%& !& /&r &98ra;o, o "!a pro!"& !% aorro &% "o/8o/ & &98ra""#$% @ pro"&/a2#&%8o, #%"!@&%o a &%&r0;a %&"&/ar#a para a"&ro. E/8o a(&"8a a pr&"#o. E r&"#"aK& & a"&ro &/ 8a% /#2p& "o2o /! "a/#1"a"#$% @ !&0o /! (!/#$% K!%8o "o% & #&rro (!%#o. A !%o/ 4.7++ 0rao/ C, a 2&'"a /& "o%#&r8& &% 2&8a ;!#o @ !&0o /& "o%#&r8& &% 0ra%&/ o!&/, !& a "o%8#%!a"#$% /& &%roa%. E a!2#%#o #&%& or#0#%a2&%8& & a a!9#8a, !% 2#%&ra r#"o &% a2#%a, !& &/ !% "o2p!&/8o & a!2#%#o @ o9;0&%o. Para #%ar & o9;0&%o /& r&!#&r& !%a 0ra% "a%8#a & &%&r0;a. E r&"#"aK& %o /$o r&!"& a 2#%&r;a & a!2#%#o, /#%o !& !8##'a /oa2&%8& & = por "#&%8o & a &%&r0;a %&"&/ar#a para "r&ar & %!&o a!2#%#o. E% 4))+, 2/ & =+5 & a/ a8a/ & a!2#%#o (ar#"aa/ &% EE.UU. (!&ro% pro!"8o & r&"#"aK&. O8ro/ 2&8a&/ "o2o & "or&, a pa8a, & oro, & po2o @ & 2&r"!r#o p!&&% /&r r&"#"ao/ &/& a &&"8r$%#"a. d/8o/ /o% #2por8a%8&/ para & &/arroo & "o2po%&%8&/ &&"8r$%#"o/ @ /& a% "o%&r8#o &% !%a (!&%8& pop!ar & r&"#"aK&. Ta2#% /o% r&"#"a&/ & %;!&, '#%", &/8ao @ ro%"&. I%"!/o a/ Ko@a/ & oro @ & pa8a /& p!&&% r&"#"ar. E% a 2&#a &% !& a #%!/8r#a r&"#"aora a!2&%8& @ /& "o%/8#8!@a &% !%a #2por8a%8& (!&%8& & o(&r8a 2&8#"a #2p#"ar !% (a"8or #2por8a%8& & a'a o a aKa & o/ pr&"#o/.
