A Project Report On “
Comparative Studies on Soft Drinks” Like Pepsi, Mirinda, Lehar, 7up, Slice, Mazza (Session 2010-11)
Subiteed To: By: Mrs. Pallavi Swami (Lect. In Chemistry)
Submitted Sushmita Class XI Roll No.
Apeejay School Charkhi Dadri
VERIFICATION
The Project entitled “Comparative Studies on Soft Drinks like Pepsi, Mirinda, Lehar 7up, Slice, Mazza” has been completed under my supervision by “Ms. Sushmita” student of 11th Class, Session 2010-2011. This work in the project is result of student own efforts.
Mrs. Pallavi Sawami
P.G.T. Chemistry
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I take this opportunity to express any gratitude towards all those people who helped me in various ways in successful completion of the project. I also thank our lecturer Mrs. Pallavi Swami whose cooperation
made
this
project
work
possible, I am also thankful to our lab assistant Mr. Sant Lal as with our is help this project would not be a success. Susmita Class : XI
INDEX Introduction
1
Aim
2
Appratus
3
Chemicals
4
Soft Drinks taken
5
Procedure
6
Observation
8
Results
17
Precautions
18
Discussions
19
Conclusions
21
INTRODUCTION
In this dynamic third world, life is full of struggle and tension. People seem to be running from place to place in search of their destination. For most of them who have to remain outdoor, for long hours, nothing is as refreshing as a bottle of chilled soft drinks. But no one really bothers to know what he is drinking.
In this project I am representing a detailed stud
y of different drinks which are popular in
India. I have analysed their colur, flavour, Co2, content etc. and tried to find out whether these soft drinks contain sucrose, glucose or C2H5OH.
AIM To Analyse the Composition of Various Soft Drinks and to
Assess their suitability for drinking.
APPARATUS USED
Few Test Tubes
Test Tube Stand Stop Watch Test Tube Holder Wash Bottle Spirit Lamp Beakers Bottle Opener
CHEMICALS Alpha – Napthal Ethyl Alcohol Conc. Sulphuric Acid Fehling’s Reagent Iodine Sodium Hydroxide
Molisch – Reagent
Soft Drinks Taken • Pepsi • Mirinda •
Lehar 7up---
• Slice • Maaza
PROCEDURE 1.
Name the bottles in the order of drinks taken.
2.
CO2 Test : Take the bottles as listed and open them with a bottle opener. Now with the help of a stop watch note down the time for which the effervescence take place
3.
Colors : Note down the color of each drinks in a tabular form.
4.
Flavors : Note down the flavor of each drinks by taking a sip from each of the bottle of the soft drink.
5.
Sucrose test : Take a small quantity of each drink in different test tubes. Prepare Molisch solution which is prepared by dissolving Alpha- Naphthol. In alcohol addition is not
Necessary as small amount of alcohol is present in soft drinks as determined through Etherification Test. But to guarantee the success of the 100% alcohol is mixed with Alpha-Naphthol and this solution to soft drinks. Also add Sulphuric acid to test tubes, appearance of Voilet Colour indicates sucrose.
Test for Glucose 1.
FENLING’S SOLUTION TEST This solution consists of two mixtures i.e. CuSO4+NH4OH
and sodium tartarate. Complex cupric are provided by fehling’s solution to it. Warm these tubes in water bath. Formation of red ppt. of cuprous oxide indicates the presence of glucose.
2.
BENEDICT’S SOLUTION TEST Taken a new set of tubes. Add small quantities of different
soft drinks to test tubes. Add small amount of benedict’s solution to each of the test tubes. A reddish ppt is formed showing the presence of glucose.
3.
SCHIEF’S REAGENT TEST Addition of equal amount of sciff’s reagent to test tubes
containing soft drinks gives lime colour showing presence of glucose.
4.
TOLLEN’S TEST It is made by addition of NH4OH to AgNO3 until the
brown ppt. of silver oxide. First formed is an oxide contains silver ions as a complex with Ammonia (Ag(NH3)2). Add Tollen’s Reagent in each test tube containing soft drinks. Keep these test tubes in hot water for 5 minutes and then shake it. A mirror like ppt. forms on the inner side of the test tube called silver mirror shows the presence of ddehyde.
5.
TEST FOR ALCOHOL
Take small quantities of soft drinks in test tubes and add acetic acid (CH3COOH) to each of the test tube. Also add a small quantity of Conc. H2SO4 warm it, a fruity smells confirms the presence of ethanol.
NOTE: Iodoform test id not effective, as quantity of C2H5OH is negligible in soft drinks. Moreover other constituents hinders the test.
Observation table no. 1 (Time for which Gas Was Evolved) S.No.
Name of the Soft Drink
Time Taken
1.
Pepsi
8 Seconds
2.
Lehar 7UP
6 Seconds
3.
Mirinda
5 Seconds
4.
Slice
3 Seconds
5.
Maaza
No Gas Evolved
Observation table no. 2 (Color and Flavor of different soft drinks)
Sr. No. Name of the Soft Color Drink
Flavor
1.
Pepsi
Brown
Alcoholic
2.
Lehar7UP
Lime
Lemon
3.
Mirinda
Orange Orange
4.
Slice
Mango
5.
Maaza
Yellow Fruit Juice
Mango
Observation table no. 3 (Surose Test by the addition of AlphaNaphthal) S. Name of the Soft No. Drink
Colour
Flavour
1.
Pepsi
Violet
Present
2.
Lehar7UP
Violet
Present
3.
Mirinda
Violet
Present
4.
Slice
Violet
Present
5.
Maaza
Violet
Present
Observation table no. 4 (Glucose test by Fehling’s Solution) RCHO +2CU + 5OH = RCOO + Cu O + 3H2O (Red Pdt.) 2
2
S. Name of the Soft Color No. Drink
Flavor
1.
Pepsi
Red
Present
2.
Lehar7UP
Red
Present
3.
Mirinda
Red
Present
4.
Slice
Red
Present
5.
Maaza
Red
Present
Observation table no. 5 (Ethanol Test by Esterification) S. Name of the Soft Color No. Drink
Flavor
1.
Pepsi
Violet
Present
2.
Lehar7UP
Violet
Present
3.
Mirinda
Violet
Present
4.
Slice
Violet
Present
5.
Maaza
Odourle Absent ss
Observation table no. 6 (Confirmatory Test for CO2) (The gas evolved from each bottle was passed through lime water.) Experiment 1. The colourless and
Observation The lime water turns milky
Inference Confirms the presence of
odourless gas evoled CO2 + Ca(OH)2
gas evoled as CO2 this test
with brisk efferves-
also confirms the presence
CaCO3+ H2O
cence was passed
of carbon-ate anions.
through lime water
Presence of CO 2/3
2. Pss the gas through solution of MgSO4
Co2/3 +MgSO4 MgCO3 +SO2/4 (While ppt.)
RESULTS
1. The CO2 contents under pressure was in order Pepsi, Lehar7Up, Mirinda, Slice. There was corbondioxide in Maaza. 2. Sucrose is present in all the drinks. 3. Glucose is also present in all the drinks in the order : Slice, Mirinda, Lehar 7Up, Pepsi 4. Ethanol is present in all the drink in the order of Peopsi, Lehar 7UP, Mirinda, Slice, There was ethanol in Maaza.
Precautions
1.
The test Tube should be numbered in this experiment.
2.
The test tubes should be thoroughly cleaned after each experiment so that there is no contamination of the chemicals.
3.
The bottle should not be shaken before opening.. This will result in effervescence for carbondioxide evolution for shorter interval.
4.
Colour and flavour should be noted carefully
DISCUSSION & CONCLUSIONS
From the above experiment we conclude thet all soft drinks have certain amount of glucose, sucrose and ethy1 alcohal besides some CO2 ges under pressure expcept the Fruit Juice.
These drinks do not contain fruit juice but artificially flavoured, synthetic dies, flavours, preservations emulsifiers and antifoaming agents are used for special efforts and effects. It is not possible to detect all the contents of the drinks as it commercially secret and because of limited equipments.
Excessive intake of soft drinks has been found to wholesome nutritional feeds from the diet. According to Dr. Charles best discoverer of Insuloin, over indulgence no nutrition and diminish the appetite foe nutrious feeds. This leads to liver damage and may end up in serious condsequences and cirrhosis of liver. There is enough evidence that Cola drinks contain caffeine in varying enough amount to cause abdominal hyperactive behaviours in children. The caffeine has been linked to addiction, heart disease, behaviour problems and birth effects. So, Cola drinks are injurious to our Health.
Bibliography The various books consulted during the completion of the project are: 1. Physical Chemistry By Puri and Sharma 2. Practical Chemistry By S.K. Kundra 3. Laboratory Manual Chemistry By B. Sharma 4. Compressive Chemistry By Yadav, Khanna and Kapila Verma
