Analysis of Contents of Cold Drinks Done by: KENI LP A T EL t h
1 2 SCI ENCE
CHINMAYA INTERNATIONAL RESIDENTIAL SCHOOL COIMBATORE
DEPARTMENT DEPARTMENT OF SCIENCE SCIE NCE
This is certifed as the Bonafde Record o Chemistry Project done by
………… ……………… ………… ………… ………… ………… ………… ……… … o class class XII CBSE CBSE Re!is Re!iste terr
"o………………… "o………………… d#rin! the session $%&'($% $%&'($%&) &) s#bmitted s#bmitted or the *ISSCE Chemistry Practical E+amination held on ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, at Chinmaya International Residential School Coimbatore-
……………………… Teacher in char!e 01
…………………………………… Si!nat#re o the Princi.al Princi .al /
Examiners:
Date …………………
E+ternal …………………… Page | 2
*I1 C21P*R*TI3E ST4D5 *"D 64*7IT*TI3E *"*75SIS 28 DI88ERE"T BR*"DS 28 C27D DRI"9S *3*I7*B7E I" 1*R9ET .
*C9"27ED;E1E"T Page | 3
It would be my utmost pleasure to express my sincere thanks to y Chemistry !eacher 1s- Dee.a" in pro#iding a helping hand in this pro$ect% Also I would like to thank P#jya ;#r#de< S=ami Chinmayananda for showering his blessing" adam Principal Smt- Shanti 9rishna 1#rthy " &eadmistress Smt- >aya Ra
P4RP2SE In recent days" soft drink brands were put into #arious 'uestions regarding their purity% (ews Page | )
*ashed that they contain harmful pesticide" which arouse many interest in knowing its contents because I ha#e been drinking them for years% I wanted to con+rm that whether the charge imposed on these brands are true or not% Another fact which inspired me to do this pro$ect is that I am in touch with 'ualitati#e analysis whose knowledge with other factors helped me to do so%
I"DEX S-"2
C2"TE"TS
P!-"2 Page | ,
&$-
Introduction !heory
.
-
Apparatus
/
-
Chemicals 0e'uired
1
'-
Determination of p&
11
)-
12
-
!est for Carbon Dioxide !est for lucose
-
!est for Phosphate
1,
F-
!est for Alcohol
14
&%-
!est for 5ucrose
1-
&&-
0esult
1.
&$-
Conclusion
1/
&-
6ibliography
2
13
I"TR2D4CTI2" Page | 4
!he era of cold drinks began in 1/,2 but the industriali7ation in India marked its beginning with launching of 8imca and oldspot by parley group of companies% 5ince" the beginning of cold drinks was highly pro+table and luring" many multinational companies launched their brands in India like Pepsi and Coke% (ow days" it is obser#ed in general that ma$ority of people #iewed 5prite" iranda" and 8imca to gi#e feeling of lightness" while Pepsi and !humbs 9p to acti#ate pulse and brain%
T0E2R5 Page | -
Cold drinks of di:erent brands are composed of alcohol" carbohydrates" carbon dioxide" phosphate ions etc% !hese soft drinks gi#e feeling of warmth" lightness and ha#e a tangy taste which is liked by e#eryone% Carbon dioxide is responsible for the formation of froth on shaking the bottle% !he carbon dioxide gas is dissol#ed in water to form carbonic acid which is also responsible for the tangy taste% Carbohydrates are the naturally occurring organic compounds and are ma$or source of energy to our body% eneral formula of carbohydrates is CX G0$2H 5 % ;n the basis of their molecule si7e carbohydrates are classi+ed as<= 1onosaccharide" Disaccharides and Polysaccharides% lucose is a monosaccharide with formula C)0&$2) %It occurs in >ree 5tate in the ripen grapes in bones and also in many sweet fruits% It is also present in human blood to the extent of about %-&% 5ucrose is one of the most useful disaccharides in our daily life% !he main source of sucrose is sugar cane $uice which contain &'($% sucrose and sugar beet which has about &%(& sucrose% !he molecular formula of sucrose is C&$0$$2&&% It is produced by a mixture of glucose and fructose% It is non=reducing in nature whereas glucose is reducing% Cold drinks are a bit acidic in nature and their acidity can be measured by +nding their p& #alue% !he p& #alues also depend upon the acidic contents such as citric acid and phosphoric acid% Page | .
*PP*R*T4S !est !ube !est !ube &older !est !ube 5tand 5top ?atch 6eaker 6urner p& Paper !ripod 5tand China Dish ?ire auge ?ater 6ath
C0E1IC*7S RE64IRED
Iodine 5olution Potassium Iodine Page | /
5odium &ydroxide >ehling@s A 6 5olution 8ime ?ater Concentrated &(;3 6enedict 5olution Ammonium olybdate
DETER1I"*TI2" 28 .0 EXPERI1E"T 5mall samples of cold drinks of di:erent brands were taken in a test tube and put on the p& paper% !he change in the color of p& paper was noticed and was compared with the standard p& scale% Page | 1
2BSER3*TI2" S-"2-
1% 2% 3% )%
"*1E 28 T0E DRI"9 C;CA C;8A 5P0I!B 8ICA >A(!A
C2724R .0 3*74E C0*";E Pinkish 2=3 Dark ;range 3 8ight ;range ) ;range 3=)
I"8ERE"CE 5oft drinks are generally acidic because of the presence of citric acid and phosphoric acid% p& #alues of cold drink of di:erent brands are di:erent due to the #ariation in amount of acidic contents%
TEST 82R C*RB2" DI2XIDE EXPERI1E"T As soon as the bottles were opened" one by one the sample was passed through lime water% !he lime water turned milky%
2BSER3*TI2" Page | 11
S-"2 "*1E 28 T0E TI1E T*9E" DRI"9 GSEC-H C;CA C;8A 2. 1%
2%
5P0I!B
3/
3%
8ICA
3.
)%
>A(!A
34
C2"C74SI2 " C;2 I5 P0B5B(! C;2 I5 P0B5B(! C;2 I5 P0B5B(! C;2 I5 P0B5B(!
I"8ERE"CE All the soft drinks contain dissol#ed carbon dioxide in water% !he carbon dioxide C; 2 dissol#es in water to form carbonic acid" which is responsible for its tangy taste%
C0E1IC*7 RE*CTI2" I"3273ED Ca;&2s E C;2g &2;s
CaC;3s E
TEST 82R ;74C2SE EXPERI1E"T lucose is a reducing sugar acid% Its presence is detected by the following test<=
&- BE"EDICTJS RE*;E"T TEST:( Page | 12
5mall samples of cold drinks of di:erent brands were taken in a test tube and a few drops of 6enedict@s reagent were added% !he test tube was heated for few seconds% >ormation of reddish color con+rmed the presence of glucose in cold drinks%
2BSER3*TI2" S-"2-
1%
"*1E 28 T0E 2BSER3*TI2 C2"C74SI2 DRI"9 " " 0BDDI5& 89C;5B I5 C;CA C;8A
2%
5P0I!B
3%
8ICA
)%
>A(!A
C;8;90 P0BCIPI!A!B 0BDDI5& C;8;90 P0BCIPI!A!B 0BDDI5& C;8;90 P0BCIPI!A!B 0BDDI5& C;8;90 P0BCIPI!A!B
P0B5B(! 89C;5B I5 P0B5B(! 89C;5B I5 P0B5B(! 89C;5B I5 P0B5B(!
I"8ERE"CE All the samples ga#e positi#e test for glucose with 6enedict@s reagent% &ence all the drinks contain glucose%
$- 8E07I";KS S274TI2" TEST 5mall samples of cold drinks of di:erent brands were taken in a test tube and a few drops of >ehling@s A solution and >ehling@s 6 solution was added in e'ual Page | 13
amount% !he test tube was heated in a water bath for 1 minutes% Appearance of brown precipitate con+rmed the presence of glucose in cold drinks%
2BSER3*TI2" S-"2 -
1%
"*1E 28 T0E DRI"9 C;CA C;8A
2%
5P0I!B
3%
8ICA
)%
>A(!A
2BSER3*TI2" C2"C74SI2 " 0BDDI5& 60;?( P0BCIPI!A!B 0BDDI5& 60;?( P0BCIPI!A!B 0BDDI5& 60;?( P0BCIPI!A!B 0BDDI5& 60;?( P0BCIPI!A!B
89C;5B I5 P0B5B(! 89C;5B I5 P0B5B(! 89C;5B I5 P0B5B(! 89C;5B I5 P0B5B(!
I"8ERE"CE All the samples ga#e positi#e test for glucose with >ehling@s A 6 solutions% &ence all the cold drinks contain glucose%
TEST 82R P02SP0*TE EXPERI1E"T Page | 1)
5mall samples of each brand of cold drinks were taken in separate test tubes and Ammonium olybdate followed by concentrated (itric Acid &(; 3 was added to it% !he solution was heated% Appearance of canary= yellow precipitate con+rmed the presence of phosphate ions in cold drinks%
2BSER3*TI2" S-"2 -
1%
"*1E 28 T0E DRI"9 C;CA C;8A
2%
5P0I!B
3%
8ICA
)%
>A(!A
2BSER3*TI2"
C2"C74SI2 "
CA(A0F=FB88;? P0BCIPI!A!B CA(A0F=FB88;? P0BCIPI!A!B CA(A0F=FB88;? P0BCIPI!A!B CA(A0F=FB88;? P0BCIPI!A!B
P&;5P&A!B I5 P0B5B(! P&;5P&A!B I5 P0B5B(! P&;5P&A!B I5 P0B5B(! P&;5P&A!B I5 P0B5B(!
I"8ERE"CE All the soft drinks samples ga#e positi#e test for phosphate ions% &ence all the cold drinks contain phosphate%
C0E1IC*7 RE*CTI2" I"3273ED (a&P;) E 12(&)2o;) E 21&(;3 E3& (&)3P;)%12o;3 E21&()(;3 E12&2;
TEST 82R *7C2027 EXPERI1E"T Page | 1,
5mall samples of each brand of cold drinks were taken in separate test tubes and Iodine followed by Potassium Iodide and 5odium &ydroxide (a;& solution was added to each test tube% !hen the test tubes were heated in hot water bath for 3 minutes% Appearance of yellow colored precipitate con+rmed the presence of alcohol in cold drinks%
2BSER3*TI2" 5%(;%
1%
(AB ;> !&B D0I(G C;CA C;8A
2%
5P0I!B
3%
8ICA
)%
>A(!A
;65B0HA!I;(
C;(C895I;(
FB88;? P0BCIPI!A!B FB88;? P0BCIPI!A!B FB88;? P0BCIPI!A!B FB88;? P0BCIPI!A!B
A8C;&;8 I5 P0B5B(! A8C;&;8 I5 P0B5B(! A8C;&;8 I5 P0B5B(! A8C;&;8 I5 P0B5B(!
I"8ERE"CE All the cold drinks samples ga#e positi#e test for alcohol% &ence all the cold drinks contain glucose%
C0E1IC*7 RE*CTI2" I"3273ED C&3C&2;& E )I2 E 4(a;& ,&2;
C&I 3 E &C;;(a E ,(aI E
TEST 82R S4CR2SE Page | 14
EXPERI1E"T , ml samples of each brand of cold drinks were taken in separate china dishes and were heated #ery strongly until changes occur% 6lack colored residue left con+rmed the presence of sucrose in cold drinks%
2BSER3*TI2" S-"2-
"*1E 28 T0E DRI"9
2BSER3*TI2 "
C2"C74SI2 "
1%
C;CA C;8A
68ACG 0B5ID9B
2%
5P0I!B
68ACG 0B5ID9B
3%
8ICA
68ACG 0B5ID9B
)%
>A(!A
68ACG 0B5ID9B
59C0;5B I5 P0B5B(! 59C0;5B I5 P0B5B(! 59C0;5B I5 P0B5B(! 59C0;5B I5 P0B5B(!
I"8ERE"CE All the brands of cold drinks contain sucrose% 6ut amount of sucrose #aries in each brand of drink% >anta contains highest amount of sucrose%
RES47T After conducting se#eral tests" it was concluded that the di:erent brands of cold drinks namely< Page | 1-
1% Coca Cola 2% 5prite 3% 8imca )% >anta All contains glucose" alcohol" sucrose" phosphate and carbon dioxide% All cold drinks are acidic in nature% ;n comparing the p& #alue of di:erent brands Coca Cola is the most acidic and 8imca is least acidic of all the four brands taken%
C*RB2" DI2XIDE Among the four samples of cold drinks taken" Coca Cola has the maximum amount of dissol#ed carbon dioxide and 5prite has the minimum amount of dissol#ed carbon dioxide%
C2"C74SI2" DIS*D3*"T*;ES 28 C27D DRI"9S Page | 1.
&- 5oft drinks are little more harmful than sugar solution% As they contain sugar in large amount which cause problems in diabetes patients% $- 5oft drinks can cause weight gain as they interfere with the body@s natural ability to suppress hunger feeling% - 5oft drinks ha#e ability to dissol#e the calcium so they are also harmful for our bones% - 5oft drinks contain phosphoric acidJ which has a p& of 2%.% 5o they can dissol#e a nail in about ) days% '- >or transportation of soft drinks syrup the commercial truck must use the ha7ardous matter place cards reser#ed for highly cohesi#e material% )- 5oft drinks ha#e also ability to remo#e blood so they are #ery harmful to our body%
BIB7I2;R*P05 EBSITES Page | 1/
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