Determination of Contents of Cold Drink

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Chemistry Project CHEMISTRY PROJECT on On "Determination of contents of Cold Drinks" Determination Of The

Contents Of Cold Drinks

PROJECT

PREPARED BY:

Gaurav Aakash sangal Shubhneet Arora XII -BA XII XIISession:2011-12 2260 Session : 11-12 2008-2009 Session: 2016-17 S.D. Vidya Mandir Kendriya Vid yalaya Mankhurd Mankhurd Board’s Board’s Vidyalaya Roll Number Roll Number : 6229000 Board roll no. :Mother Sr. Sec. Public School SubmittedDivine to Mrs. Manju khurana (Signature)

Aim AIM COMPARITIVE STUDY AND QUALITATIVE COMPARITIVE STUDY AND QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENT BRANDS OF ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENT BRANDS BRANDS OF COLD DRINKS AVAILABLE IN MARKET. COLD DRINKS AVAILABLE IN MARKET.


Certificate This is hereby to certify that, the original and genuine investigation work work has been carried out to investigate about the subject matter and the related data collection and investigation has been completed solely, sincerely and satisfactorily by Shubhneet Arora of CLASS XII B, Kendriya Kendriya Vidyalaya Vidyalaya Mankhurd, Mankhurd, regarding his project titled “Determination of “Determination of the Contents of Cold Drinks”. Cold Drinks”.

Signature of Teacher

Signature of Principal

School‟s Stamp

ACKNOWLEDGEME NT I take this opportunity to express my profound sense of gratitude and respect to all those who helped me throughout this venture. I owe my regard to Mrs. Mrs . K Prabavathi, Principal of K.V ,Mankhurd, for her cooperation and valuable support an d proj ect for giving me the opportunity to undertake this projec work and providin pro viding g the necessary infr astructure a structure. I would like to express my heartfelt thanks to my revered teacher and guide Mrs. Nupur Sharma (Chemistry teacher) and Mr. Deepak for their valuable guidance, encouragement and support throughout my studentship under their at the institute.

gratitude to Last but not the least; I owe my overwhelming gratitude my family and friends who gave me constant support and motivation to continue with this endeavor .

Purpose URPOSE PURPOSE In recent days, days, soft drink brands were were put into various questions their purity.were Newsput into In recent days,regarding soft drink brands flashed that questions they they contain harmful pesticide, pestic which various regarding their ide, purity. News flashed that they contain harmful pesticide, which arouse many interest in knowing its contents arouseI many interest in knowing because have been drinking them its forcontents years. I because I have been drinking them for wanted to confirm that whether the years. chargeI wanted to confirm that whether the charge imposed on these imposed on these brands are true or not. brands are true or not. not.

Another factfact which inspired meme to do this thisthis project is is Another which inspired to do project thatthat I am with with qualitative analysis whose I in amtouch in touch qualitative analysis whose knowledge with other factorshelped helpedme meto to do do so. so. knowledge with other factors

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CONTENTS I. Introduction

I. Introduction Introduc II. Theorytion II.III. Theory Apparatus III. Apparatus Appara tus IV. Chemicals Required IV. Chemicals Required V. Detection of pH V. Detection of pH VI.Test Testfor forCarbon Carbon Carbon Dioxide D ioxide VI. Dioxide VII. Test Test for for Glucose VII. lucose VIII. Testfor forPhosphate Phosphate III. Test IX. Test for Alcohol IX. Test for Alcohol X. Test for Sucrose X. Result Test for Sucrose XI. XI. Conclusion Result sion XII. Conclu XII. Conclusion


INTRODUCTION The era of cold drinks began in 1952 but the The era of cold drinks began in 1952 but the industrialization marked its beginning withwith industrializationininIndia India marked its beginning launching and Goldspot by by parley group of of launchingofofLimca Limca and Goldspot parley group companies. thethe beginning of cold drinks was was companies.Since, Since, beginning of cold drinks highly and and luring, many multinational highlyprofitable profitable luring, many multinational companies brands in in India likelike Pepsi companieslaunched launchedtheir their brands India Pepsi and andCoke. Coke. Now days, it is observed observed in general that that majority of Now days, observed in general of people vieweditSprite, Sis prite, Miranda, and Limca Limthat ca tomajority give peopleofviewed Sprite, Limca feeling lightness, lightness , while Miranda, Pepsi andand Thumps Thumps Upto to give feeling pulse of lightness, while Pepsi and Thumps Up to activate and brain. activate pulse and brain.


Theory THEORY Cold drinks of different brands are composed of alcohol, Cold drinks of different brands are composed of alcohol, carbohydrates, carbon dioxide, phosphate ionsions etc. etc. These soft drinks carbohydrates, carbon dioxide, phosphate These soft givedrinks feelinggive of warmth, lightness have a and tangy taste which taste is liked feeling of warmth,and lightness have a tangy by everyone. Carbon dioxide is Carbon responsible foristhe formationfor of the froth which is liked by everyone. dioxide responsible formation ofbottle. froth on shaking the bottle. on shaking the carbon dioxide gas dissolvedininwater waterto to form form carbonic carbonic acid TheThe carbon dioxide gas is isdissolved acid which is also responsible for the tangy taste. Carbohydrates are the which is also responsible for the tangy taste. Carbohydrates Carbohydrates are the naturally occurring organic compounds and are major source of naturally organic are majorissource of energyoccurring to our body. Generalcompounds formula of and carbohydrates energy to2O) ourY. body. General formula of carbohydrates is (CH2O)n. CX (H

On the basis of their molecule size carbohydrates are classified as: On the basis of their molecule size are classified Monosaccharide, Disaccharides andcarbohydrates Polysaccharides. Glucoseas:is a monosaccharide with formula C6H12O6 .It occurs in Free State in and Glucose is a theMonosaccharide, ripen grapes, in Disaccharides bones and also inPolysaccharides. many sweet fruits. It is also monosaccharide with formula C6H12O6 .It occurs in Free State in present in human blood to the extent of about 0.1%. Sucrose is one the ripen grapes in bones and also in many sweet fruits. It is also of the most useful disaccharides in our daily life. It is widely present in human blood to the extent of o f about 0.1%. Sucrose is one o ne distributed in nature in juices, seeds and also in flowers of many of the most useful disaccharides in our daily life. It is widely plants. The main source of sucrose is sugar cane juice which distributed in nature in juices, seeds and also in flowers of many contain 15-20 sucrose andofsugar beetiswhich about 10-17 % plants. The % main source sucrose sugarhas cane juice which sucrose. The molecular formula of sucrose is C12H22O11. It is % contain 15-20 % sucrose and sugar beet which has about 10-17 produced a mixture of glucose and in sucrose.byThe molecular formula offructose. sucrose It is isCnon-reducing 12H22O11. It is nature whereas Cold drinks are bit acidic in produced by aglucose mixtureisofreducing. glucose and fructose. It isanon-reducing nature and their acidity can is bereducing. measuredCold by finding their pHacidic value. in nature whereas glucose drinks are a bit TheinpH values depend contents such as citric nature andalso their acidityupon can the be acidic measured by finding their pH value. The pH values also depend upon the acidic contents such as acid and phosphoric acid. citric acid and phosphoric phosph oric acid.

Apparatus APPARATUS ? est Tube ?Test Tube Holder ?est Test ?TTube estTube Tube Test Tube ? ?est Tube Stand Test Holder ?TTube estTube Tube Holder Test Tube Holder Test Holder ? ?top Watch Test Stand ?TTest estTube Tube Stand Tube Stand Tube Stand ?Test Stop ?eaker ?SStop topWatch Watch Watch ?Stop Beaker ?urner ? BWatch eaker Beaker Paper ?Beaker ?HBurner pH ? B urner Burner ? ?ripod Stand Paper Tripod p ? H pH Paper Burner Paper ? ?hina Dish Stand China ?TTripod ripod Stand Stand Paper ? pH Dish ?ire Wire hina Dish ?CGauge China Dish Bath ?Tripod Stand Gauge ?ater Water ? Wire ire Gauge Gauge ?Bath ater Bath ? Water Bath China Dish

Wire Gauge Water Bath

Chemicals Required Iodine Solution Potassium Iodine Iodine Solution Sodium Hydroxide I odine ? Potassium Iodine Fehling’s A Hydroxide & B Solution Solution ?Sodium Iodine Fehling‟s A & B Solution ? Fehling‟s A Potassium Iodine Lime Water Water Hydroxide ? Lime Sodium Concentrated HNO3 ?Concentrated A & B Solution Fehling’s A Fehling’sHNO3 Benedict Solution ? Benedict LimeSolution Water Ammonium Molybdate Molybdate ? Ammonium Concentrated HNO3

Benedict Solution Ammonium Molybdate

Detection of DETECTION OFpH PH EXPERIMENT

Experiment

Small Small samples samples of of cold cold drinks drinks of of different different brands brandswere weretaken takeninina atest testtube and theon pHthe paper. The change in the color pH paper noticed tubeput andonput pH paper. The change in theofcolor of pHwas paper and was compared with the standard pH scale.

was noticed and was compared with the standard pH scale.

OBSERVATION Observations SR. NO.

NAME OF THE DRINK

COLOUR CHANGE

pH VALUE

1

COCA COLA Coca Cola

PINK Pink

2.5-3

2

Sprite SPRITE

RED Red

3

3

LIMCA Limca FANTA Fanta

PINKISH Pinkish

4

LIGHT ORANGE Light Orange

3-4

4

INFERENCE Inference Soft drinks are generally acidic because of the presence of citric acid and phosphoric acid. pH values of cold drink of different brands are different due to the variation in amount of acidic contents.


Test for TEST FOR CARBON DIOXIDE EXPERIMENT As as the the bottles bottleswere wereopened, opened,one onebyby sample As soon as oneone thethe sample waswas passed through water. The lime The water turned milky. passed lime through lime water. lime water turned milky.

OBSERVATON SR. NO.

NAME OF THE DRINK

TIME TAKEN (SEC.)

1

COCA COLA Coca cola

26.5

CO2 IS ISPRESENT PRESENT

2

SPRITE Sprite

21

CO2 IS ISPRESENT PRESENT

3

LIMCA Limca

35

2 ISPRESENT CO IS PRESENT

4

FANTA Fanta

36

2 ISPRESENT CO IS PRESENT

CONCLUSION

INFERENCE Inference Inference Allthe thesoft softdrinks drinks contain dissolved carbon dioxide in water. carbon All contain dissolved carbon dioxide in water. TheThe carbon dioxide((CO ) dissolvesininwater watertotoform form carbonicacid, acid,which whichisis responsible dioxide carbonic ) )2dissolves for its tangyfor taste. responsible its tangy taste.

CHEMICALReaction REACTION INVOLVED Chemical Involved: Ca(OH)2(s) + CO2(g) ----------- CaCO3(s) + H2O(s)


TestFOR for GLUCOSE Glucose TEST EXPERIMENT Experiment Glucose is a reducing sugar acid. Its presence is detected by the following test:Glucose is a reducing sugar acid. Its presence is detected by the following test:-

1. BENEDICTS’S REAGENT TEST:1. Benedicts's Reagent test: Small samples taken in in a test tube Small samples of of cold colddrinks drinksofofdifferent differentbrands brandswere were taken a test tube and aa few few drops of Benedict‟s of Benedict‟s reagent were added. The added. The The test test tube tube was was heated and drops of Benedict’s reagent reagent were added. heated few seconds. Formation of reddish confirmed presence for fewfor seconds. Formation of reddish colorcolor confirmed thethe presence of of glucose in cold drinks. glucose in cold drinks.

OBSERVATON

Observations SR. NO.

NAME OF THE DRINK

1

COCA COLA Coca Cola

GLUCOSE IS REDDISH COLOUR Reddish colour Ppt. Glucose is present PRESENT PRECIPITATE

2

Sprite SPRITE

REDDISH COLOUR GLUCOSE IS Reddish colour Ppt. Glucose is present PRESENT PRECIPITATE

3

Limca LIMCA

REDDISH COLOUR GLUCOSE IS Reddish colour Ppt. Glucose is present PRECIPITATE PRESENT

4

Fanta FANTA

REDDISH COLOUR GLUCOSE IS Reddish colour Ppt. Glucose is present PRECIPITATE PRESENT

OBSERVATION

CONCLUSION

Inference All the samples samples gave positive positive test test for glucose glucose with Benedict‟s with Benedict‟s reagent. reagent. Hence all all the drinks drinks contain contain glucose.


2. FEHLING’S SOLUTION TEST

2. Fehling's Solution Test

Small different brands were taken in aintest tubetube and Small samples samplesofofcold colddrinks drinksofof different brands were taken a test aand fewa drops of Fehling‟s of Fehling‟s A A solution and Fehling‟s and Fehling‟s B B solution was added in few drops of Fehling’s A Fehling’s A solution and Fehling’s B Fehling’s B solution was added equal amount. TheThe test test tubetube was was heated in a water bath bath for 10for minutes. in equal amount. heated in a water 10 minutes. Appearance Appearance of of brown brownprecipitate precipitate confirmed confirmed the the presence presence of of glucose glucoseinincold colddrinks. drinks.

OBSERVATON SR. NO.

NAME OF THE DRINK

1

COCA COLA Coca Cola

REDDISH BROWN Reddish Brown Ppt. PRECIPITATE

GLUCOSE IS Glucose is present PRESENT

2

Sprite SPRITE



3

Limca LIMCA



4

Fanta FANTA



OBSERVATION

CONCLUSION

INFERENCE

Inference

All the thesamples samplesgave gavepositive positive glucose Fehling s (A & B) All testtest for for glucose withwith Fehl ing‟s (A iFehling’ ng‟s (A’& B) solutions. solutions. alldrinks the cold drinksglucose. contain glucose. Hence all all Hence the cold cold contain


TEST FOR PHOSPHATE Test for Phosphate EXPERIMENT

Experiment

Smallsamples samplesofofeach eachbrand brandofofcold colddrinks drinkswere weretaken takenininseparate separatetest testtubes tubes Small 3) andAmmonium Ammonium Molybdate followed by concentrated Nitric (HNO and Molybdate followed by concentrated Nitric AcidAcid (HNO3) was was added to solution it. The solution wasAppearance heated. Appearance of canary-yellow precipitate added to it. The was heated. of canary-yellow precipitate confirmed confirmed the presence of phosphate phosphate ions in cold drinks. confirmed the presence of phosphate ions in cold drinks.

OBSERVATON SR. NO.

NAME OF THE DRINK

1

COCA COLA Coca Cola

PHOSPHATE IS CANARY-YELLOW Canary-Yellow Ppt. Phosphate is present PRECIPITATE PRESENT

2

Sprite SPRITE

CANARY-YELLOW PHOSPHATE IS Canary-Yellow Ppt. Phosphate is present PRECIPITATE PRESENT

3

LIMCA Limca

CANARY-YELLOW PHOSPHATE IS Canary-Yellow Ppt. Phosphate is present PRECIPITATE PRESENT

4

FANTA Fanta

CANARY-YELLOW PHOSPHATE IS Phosphate is present Canary-Yellow Ppt. PRESENT PRECIPITATE

OBSERVATION

CONCLUSION

INFERENCE

Inference

All the soft soft drinks samples samples gave gave positive testfor forphosphate phosphateions. ions.Hence Hence all All so ft drinks ppositive ositive test the coldcold drinks contain phosphate. all the drinks contain phosphate.

CHEMICAL REACTION INVOLVED

Chemical Reaction Involved:

NaHPO4 + 12(NH4)2MoO4 + 21HNO3 + 3H+ ---------- (NH 4)3PO4.12MoO3 + 21HN4 NO NO3 + 12H2O


TEST FOR ALCOHOL Test for Alcohol EXPERIMENT

Experiment

Small samples of each brand of cold drinks were taken in separate test tubes and Iodine followed by Potassium Iodide and Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) solution was added to each test tube. Then the test tubes were heated in hot water bath for 30 minutes. Appearance of yellow colored precipitate confirmed the presence of alcohol in cold drinks

OBSERVATON SR. NO.

NAME OF THE DRINK

1

Coca Cola COCA COLA

Yellow Precipitate YellowYELLOW Precipitate PRECIPITATE

ALCOHOL IS Alcohol is present PRESENT

2

SPRITE Sprite

YELLOW Yellow Precipitate Yellow Precipitate PRECIPITATE


3

LIMCA Limca



4

FANTA Fanta



OBSERVATION

CONCLUSION

INFERENCE

Inference

All the the cold drinks All ccold old drinks drin ks samples samples samples gave gave gave positive positive positive test test for for alcohol. alcohol. alcohol.Hence Hence Henceall allthe thecold cold drinks contain glucose. drinks contain glucose.

CHEMICAL REACTION INVOLVED

Chemical Reaction involved:

CH3CH2OH + 4I2 + 6NaOH ------ CHI 3 + HCOONa + 5NaI + 5H2O


TEST FOR Test forSUCROSE sucrose EXPERIMENT

Experiment

samples of each brand of cold drinks in separate 5 5mlml samples of each brand of cold drinks werewere takentaken in separate china china dishesand andwere were heated very strongly until changes occur. Black colored dishes heated very strongly until changes occur. Black colored residueleft leftconfirmed confirm confirmed edthe thepresence presenceofofsucrose sucroseinincold colddrinks. drinks. residue

OBSERVATON SR. NO.

NAME OF THE DRINK

OBSERVATION

CONCLUSION

1

Coca Cola COCA COLA

BLACK RESIDUE Black Residue

SUCROSE IS Sucrose is Present PRESENT

2

Sprite SPRITE



3

Limca LIMCA

Black Residue BLACK RESIDUE


4

FANTA Fanta



INFERENCE

Inference

Allthe thebrands brands ofcold cold colddrinks drinks contain sucrose. ucrose. But Butamount amount sucrosevaries varies All br ands of dri nks contain co ntain sucrose. ssucrose. amou nt ofofsucrose ineach each brand brand of of drink. drink. Fanta Fanta contains in containshighest highest highestamount amountofofsucrose. sucrose.


Result RESULT After Afterconducting conductingseveral severaltests, tests,ititwas wasconcluded concludedthat thatthe thedifferent differentbrands brands of ofcold colddrinks drinks namely: namely: 1. 2. 3. 4.

Coca Cola 1. Coca Cola Sprite 2. Sprite Limca 3. Limca Fanta 4. Fanta

All contains glucose, alcohol, sucrose, phosphate and carbon dioxide. All All contains glucose, alcohol, sucrose, phosphate and carbon dioxide. All dioxide. All cold drinks are acidic in nature. On comparing the pH value of different cold drinks are acidic in nature. On comparing the pH value of different brands Coca Cola is the most acidic and Limca is least acidic of all the four brands brandsCoca taken.Cola is the most acidic and Limca is least acidic of all the four brands taken.

CARBON DIOXIDE Among the four samples of cold drinks taken, Sprite has the maximum ma ximum Among Among the four four sam samples ples of cold cold drinks drinks taken, taken, Sprite Sprite has has the maxim maximu u amount of dissolved carbon dioxide and Fanta has the minimum amount amount of dissolved dissolved carbon carbon dioxide and Fanta Fanta has the minimum minimum amount amount o of dissolved carbon dioxide. dissolved carbon dioxide.


DRINKS OFCold COLDdrinks: DIS-ADVANTAGES Disadvantages of 1. Soft drinks are little more harmful than sugar solution. As they contain sugar in large amount which cause problems in diabetes patients. 2. Soft drinks can cause weight gain as they interfere with the body‟s natural ability to suppress hunger feeling. 3. Soft drinks have ability to dissolve the calcium so they are also harmful for our bones. 4. Soft drinks contain “phosphoric acid” which acid” which has a pH of 2.8. So it can dissolve a nail in about 4 days. 5. For transportation of soft drinks syrup the commercial truck must use hey the hazardous matter place cards reserved for highly consive material. 6. Soft drinks have also ability to remove blood so they are very harmful to our body.

Uses of Cold drinks: 1. Cold drinks drin ks be canused be used as toilet cleaners. cleaners. 1. Cold drinks can as toilet cleaners. 2. They can remove rust spots chrome car humpers. 2. They can remove rust spots fromfrom chrome car bumpers. 3. They corrosion corrosion frcar om battery car battery terminals. 3. They cleanclean corrosion fromfrom terminals. 4. drinks Soft drinks are used asexcellent an excellent ‘detergent’ to remove to remove grease from 4. Soft are used as anas „detergent‟ to remove to grease from clothes. 5. Theyclothes. can loose a rusted bolt. 5. They can loose a rusted bolt.


BIBLIOGRAPHY LABORATORY LABORATORY MANUAL OF CHEMISTRY DINESH COMPANION CHEMISTRY WEBSITES — http://www.cbseportal.com

http://www.google.com http://www.Icbse.com http://www.digilibrary.com

Determination of Contents of Cold Drink

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