UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DEL ALTIPLANO PUNO
FACULT FACULTAD DE INGENIERÍA GEOLÓGICA GEOLÓ GICA E INGENIERÍA INGENIER ÍA METALÚRGICA
CARRERA PROFESIONAL DE INGENIERÍA METALÚRGICA TÍTULO
“OPTIMIZACIÓN “OPTIMIZACIÓN DE LA AMALGAMACIÓN DEL ORO, EN LA CORPORACIÓN MINERA ANANEA UNIDAD COMUNI 21 RINCONADA – PUNO”
EJECU JECUT TOR OR::
BACH BACH.. WI WILBER LBER MIL MILTON CO COLQU LQUE LUQ LUQU UE
PARA OPTAR EL TITULO DE: INGENIERO METALURGISTA
PUNO-PERÚ 2005
CONTENIDO
CAPITULO I ASPECTOS GENERALES 1.1
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76 2
CAPITULO II FUNDAMENTO FUNDAMENTO TEÓRICO 7.5
7.7 7.7
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3
CAPÍTULO III TECNOLOGÍA DE LA EXTRACCIÓN DEL ORO EN LA UNIDAD COMUNI 21 RINCONADA .5
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CAPITULO IV DESCRIPCIÓN Y OPTIMIZACIÓN DEL PROCESO 9.5
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CAPITULO V IMPACTO CAUSADO POR OPERACIONES .5
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5
CAPITULO VI INGENIERÍA ECONÓMICA .5
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RECOMENDACIONES
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BIBLIOGRAFÍA
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6
CAPITULO I ASPECTOS GENERALES 1.1 INTRODUCCIÓN E* -r'('nt' tr++0o tr+t+ ' o-t#,#?+"#$n 'n *+ ,'t+*!r2#+ ' *+ +,+*2+,+"#$n '* oro 'n *+ Cor-or+"#$n M#n'r+ An+n'+ Un#+ Co,!n# 75 '( n'"'(+r#+ '#o ;+ !' no ;+8 !n+ '4#"#'nt' +,+*2+,+"#$n 'n -*+nt+ 8 +',( *+ r'"!-'r+"#$n 2r+1#,tr#"+ 'n ,'(+( **'2+n + !n =7 ' r'"!-'r+"#$n.
L+ #n"or-or+"#$n ' !n (#(t',+ ' r',o*#'n+ 8 +,+*2+,+"#$n (',# "ont#n!+ -'r,#t#r ,'0or+r *+ r'"!-'r+"#$n 8 -or t+nto *+ '4#"#'n"#+ E(to -'r,#t#r #(,#n!#r "o(to( 'n *+ -ro!""#$n.
P+r+ o-t#,#?+r *+ #n"or-or+"#$n '* n!'1o (#(t',+ (' ,+n'0+r+n *+ 2r+n!*o,'tr3+ 'n(#+ 8 t#',-o ' +,+*2+,+"#$n 'n '* Tr+-#";' '* !' -'r,#t#r '1+*!+r '* r'n#,#'nto ' *+ r'"!-'r+"#$n ' oro + #(t#nt+( "on#"#on'(.
En '* -ro"'(o ' o-t#,#?+"#$n (' +-*#"+r '* #('o 4+"tor#+* 7 '* !' -'r,#t#r ot'n'r !n ,o'*o ,+t',t#"o !' -'r,#t#r (#,!*+r 8 ot'n'r *o( -+r,'tro( $-t#,o( ' o-'r+"#$n '* !' ('r '"on$,#"+,'nt' r'nt+*'.
7
1.2 ANTECEDENTES Gr+n -+rt' '* +!2' ,#n'ro !' 1#1' '* P'r (' (!(t'nt+ 'n *+ #,-ort+n"#+ !' ;+ "or+o '* oro 'n *o( *t#,o( +o( ,'t+* !' (' ;+ "on1'rt#o 'n !no ' *o( -r#n"#-+*'( -ro!"to( tr+#"#on+*'( ' '@-ort+"#$n.
En *+ ',-r'(+ M*-(+ !' #n#"#$ (!( o-'r+"#on'( 'n '* 8+"#,#'nto ' T+,or+!' 'n 5/6. E(t' 8+"#,#'nto !#"+o 'n '* #(tr#to ' S+n M+t'o -ro1#n"#+ ' H!+ro";#r3 '-+rt+,'nto ' L#,+ ;+3+ (#o '@-*ot+o '(' *+ -o"+ "o*on#+* 'n *+ "!+* (' ;+"3+ oro -or !n ,too r!#,'nt+r#o ' +,+*2+,+"#$n 'n tr+-#";' o ,o*#no ";#*'no '(t' +* ('r !n ,too !t#*#?+o '(' *+ -o"+ "o*on#+* no '@#(t'n '(t!#o( ' o-t#,#?+"#$n "on t+* -ro-$(#to -'ro (# ,'0or+no '* (#(t',+ ' ,'"+n#?+"#$n.
D'ntro ' *+ ,#n'r3+ +rt'(+n+* 'n *o( -+r+0'( ' *+ ?on+ ,#n'r+ ' *+ R#n"on++ P!no (' !t#*#?+ '* ,too ' +,+*2+,+"#$n -'ro #("ont#n!o o +t"; 'n tr+-#";' 8 ,o*#no( +,+*2+,+or'( "o,o '0',-*o 'n *+ ',-r'(+ ,#n'r+ INTI S.A. !' o-'r+ 'n R#n"on++P!t#n+P!no "on !n tr+-#";' 'n *+( o-'r+"#on'( ' (! -*+nt+.
8
1.3 PLANTEAMIENTO DEL PROBLEMA
L+( #1'r(+( -ro-!'(t+( ' '(+rro**o ,#n'ro -*+nt'++( '@#2'n *+ -+rt#"#-+"#$n '* r'"!r(o ;!,+no t"n#"o
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KS' -or o-t#,#?+r *+ +,+*2+,+"#$n '* oro 'n *+ M#n'r+ An+n'+ Un#+ Co,!n# 75 R#n"on++ P!no
1.4 OBJETIVO 1.4.1
OBJETIVO GENERAL O-t#,#?+r *+ +,+*2+,+"#$n '* oro 'n *+ "or-or+"#$n ,#n'r+ An+n'+ Un#+ Co,!n# 75 R#n"on++ P!no.
9
1.4.2 OBJETIVOS ESPECÍFICOS A.
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B.
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C.
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D.
D't'r,#n+r *+( *'8'( o "on"'ntr+"#$n ' oro !' (' +*#,'nt+ 8 (' '("+r2+.
1.5 BENEFICIOS DE LOS RESULTADOS DEL ESTUDIO D' +"!'ro + *o( r'(!*t+o( ot'n#o( +(3 "o,o *+ 't'r,#n+"#$n ' *o( -+r,'tro( 8 "ontro* 8 o-'r+"#$n ('r1#rn -+r+ *+ +,-*#+"#$n ' *+ "+-+"#+ ' tr+t+,#'nto ' *+ -*+nt+ *o "!+* r'-'r"!t#r 'n 'n'4#"#o #r'"to ' *+ ',-r'(+ +',( ('r1#r "o,o ,+t'r#+* ' "on(!*t+ -+r+ *o( '(t!#+nt'( r'*+"#on+o( +* r'+ ' ,#n'r3+. A',( ('r1#r "o,o r'4'r'n"#+ -+r+ otr+( -*+nt+( ' tr+t+,#'nto( 8 !' '(tn +4ront+no -ro*',+( (#,#*+r'(.
10
1. JUSTIFICACIÓN L+ o-t#,#?+"#$n '( n'"'(+r#+ '#o ;+ !' no ;+8 !n+ '4#"#'nt' +,+*2+,+"#$n 'n -*+nt+ 8 +',( *+ r'"!-'r+"#$n (o*+,'nt' 2r+1#,tr#"+ 8 -o(t'r#or r'"!-'r+"#$n -or (#(t',+ ' r',o*#'n+ 8 +,+*2+,+"#$n #("ont#n!+ 'n ,o*#no( +,+*2+,+or'( o +t"; (o*o '( '* =7. E(to ;+"' !' ;+8+ -r#+ ' oro 'n '* r'*+1' -or *o t+nto t+,#n -r#+( ' 'n'r23+ ,+no ' or+ 8 -or *o t+nto (' '*'1+ '* "o(to ' -ro!""#$n. Con *+ o-t#,#?+"#$n '* "#r"!#to *o( -ro*',+( '@#(t'nt'( 'n '* tr+t+,#'nto ' "on"'ntr+o( 2r+1#,tr#"o( ('rn ,!";o ,( r'nt+*'( '"on$,#"+,'nt' 8 +* ,#(,o t#',-o '* tr+t+,#'nto ,'t+*r2#"o ' '(to( 8 '* "ontro* ' *o( -+r,'tro( ' o-'r+"#$n ('rn ,( '4#"#'nt'(. Un+ +*t'rn+t#1+ ' (o*!"#$n '( '* ',-*'o ' !n (#(t',+ ' r',o*#'n+ 8 +,+*2+,+"#$n (',#"ont#n!+ '* !' "on(#(t' 'n ,o*#notr+-#";' 8 +,+*2+,+or 8 '* r'*+1' ' '(t' (' #nt'2r' +* "#r"!#to #nt'2ro ' *+ -*+nt+ -+r+ (! 4*ot+"#$n ' *o( 4#no(. Con '(to (' '*'1+r+ '* r'n#,#'nto ' *+ -ro!""#$n +*"+n?+no *+( ,'t+( -ro2r+,++( -or *+ (!-'r#nt'n'n"#+ 8 *o ,#(,o -+r+ '* tr+t+,#'nto ' "on"'ntr+o( 'n !n "#r"!#to (',#"ont#n!o "on +,+*2+,+"#$n "on '("+r2+( ' "++ 77 Hr(. ' tr+t+,#'nto ' "on"'ntr+o( 8 +(3 r'!"#r *o( "o(to( ' -ro!""#$n.
11
1.! UBICACIÓN. E* 8+"#,#'nto +!r34'ro Cor-or+"#$n M#n'r+ An+n'+ S.A. '(t+ !#"+o 'n *+ -+rt' o""#'nt+* ' *+ "or#**'r+ or#'nt+* 'n '* "'ntro -o*+o *+ R#n"on++ #(tr#to ' An+n'+ Pro1#n"#+ ' S+n Anton#o ' P!t#n+ '* '-+rt+,'nto ' P!no.
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13
1.!.1 FISIOGRAFÍA Y TOPOGRAFÍA F#(#o2r4#"+,'nt' (' 'n"!'ntr+ (#t!+o 'n '* 4*+n"o o""#'nt+* ' *+ "or#**'r+ !' 4or,+n *o( n'1+o( ' An+n'+ 8 Ar#"o,+ "!8+( "!,r'( +*"+n?+n )=6 ,.(.n.,. !' (on -+rt'
' *+ "or#**'r+
or#'nt+* *+ ?on+ '* 8+"#,#'nto (' "+r+"t'r#?+ -or (! r'*#'1' ,!8 +r!-t+ "on "r'(t+( 8 +r#(t+( +2!+( (' '@t#'n' '(' *o( 966 ,.(.n.,. "!#'rto *+ 2r+n -+rt' -or *o( n'1+o( *+ to-o2r+43+ '( #rr'2!*+r 8 +r!-t+ !' 1+r#+ r!("+,'nt' ' *!2+r + *!2+r o('r1no(' 4!'rt'( '*'1+"#on'( 8 '-r'(#on'( t+,#n (' -r'('nt+ !n+ ('"!'n"#+ ' !'r++( 8 r#+";!'*o( +*+r2+o( -o"o -ro4!no( ro'+o( -or "o*#n+( 8 "!,r'( n'1+o(.
1.!.2 CLIMA Y VEGETACIÓN. L+ ?on+ (' "+r+"t'r#?+ -or ('r ?on+ 4r32#+ 8 **!1#o(+ "on *+( (#2!#'nt'( -+rt#"!*+r#+'( "o,o (on ' *+ (#2!#'nt' ,+n'r+: D' +r#* + +2o(to -'r#oo ('"o 4r32#o "on '("'n(o( ' t',-'r+t!r+ ;+(t+ 5C +0o "'ro -or *+( no";'( 8 'n '* 3+ '( (o*'+o 8 t',-*+o *+( -r'"#-#t+"#on'( (on ,!8 '(-or#"+(. D' +2o(to + M+r?o (' -r'('nt+ 4!'rt'( -r'"#-#t+"#on'( -*!1#+*'( +"o,-++o ' n'1+o 8 2r+n#?o "on t',-'r+t!r+( ' + 5 C (' not+ !n+ '*'1+"#$n ' t',-'r+t!r+ +,#'nt+*
;+(t+ 5& C 'n
+*2!n+( o"+(#on'(. L+ (!-'r4#"#' t#'n' '("+(+ 1'2't+"#$n -r'o,#n+nt' '* #";! 8 -*+nt+( ' t+**o "orto -or '(t+r 'n"#,+ ' *o( 9)66 ,.(.n., t+,#n (' 'n"!'ntr+ *+ -r'('n"#+ ' -+(to( n+t!r+*'( "o,o *o( ,!(4o( 8 otro(. 14
1.!.3 RECURSOS NATURALES. En *+ ?on+ *o( r'"!r(o( n+t!r+*'( 'n 4*or+ 8 4+!n+ (on ,!8 '("+(o( "o,o (' #n#"+ 'n *+ -+rt' +nt'r#or ' "*#,+ 8 1'2't+"#$n "+r'"'n ' +2r#"!*t!r+ 8 ' r'"!r(o( +n#,+*'(. En '* +(-'"to 2+n+'ro (' "!'nt+ "on *+ "r#+n?+ ' +*-+"+( o1#no( 8 1+"!no( 'n -'!'+ '("+*+ !' '( r'+*#?+o -or *o( -o*+or'( +*'+o( "o,o (on P+,-+ *+n"+ Co,!n# Tr+-#";' 't". Co,o r'"!r(o n+t!r+* ' ,+8or #,-ort+n"#+ '( *+ -r'('n"#+ ' '(tr!"t!r+( ,#n'r+*#?++( "on oro +(3 ,#(,o (' t#'n' '* r'"!r(o ;3r#"o !' '( -ro1'n#'nt' '* '(;#'*o '* 2*+"#+r -+r+ '* "on(!,o ;!,+no 8 -+r+ '* tr+t+,#'nto ,#n'r+* 'n *+ -*+nt+ '( "+-t+o ' *+( ?on+( ' B+*"$n ' oro 8 ' otr+( ?on+( ,( "'r"+n+(.
1.!.4 RECURSOS "UMANOS Lo( r'"!r(o( ;!,+no( 'n *+ ?on+ (on (!4#"#'nt'( (!( -o*+or'( 8 +*'+o( + *+ ?on+ (on n't+,'nt' ,#n'ro( -or *o "!+* '* -'r(on+* no "+*#4#"+o -+r+ *+ o-'r+"#$n ' ,#n+ (' ot#'n' ' *+( ,#(,+( "o,!n#+'( +*'++( +(3 "o,o ' An+n'+ J!*#+"+ P!t#n+ 8 otro( *!2+r'( '* -+3( -r'1#+ -!*#"+"#$n 8 "+*#4#"+"#$n ' *o( '@-'#'nt'(.
15
1.# VÍAS DE ACCESO. El acc!" al #ac$%$&'" ! (al$)a * la !$+,$&' %a&(a:
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TOTAL
1.
GEOLOGÍA DE LA ZONA 1..1 GEOLOGÍA REGIONAL. L+( ro"+( ,( +nt#2!+( 'n * '@tr',o NE ' *+ -ro1#n"#+ ' S+n Anton#o ' P!t#n+ 8
*+ ,+8or -+rt' ' *+ -ro1#n"#+ '
S+n#+ '(tn 4or,++( -or !n+ ('"!'n"#+ ' -#?+rr+( *!t#t+( +r'n#("+( 8 "!+r"#t+( '* -+*'o?o#"o (or' *o( !' (' ;+n '-o(#t+o +r'n#("+( 8 "+*#?+( '* "r't"'o 8 "!r#'no *+( 4or,+"#on'( +nt'r#or'( -or !n+ '@t'n(+ 4or,+"#$n ' #2n#,r#t+( '* t'r"#+r#o 8 '-$(#to( +*!1#+*'( 2*+"#+r'( '* "!+t'rn+r#o.
16
L+( ro"+( '* P+*'o?o#"o o"!-+n to+ *+ "or#**'r+ ' C+r++8+ '@t'n#no(' +* '(t' ' *+ "!'n"+ '* r3o In+,+r# 8 +* nort' "!r#'no *+( '(tr#+"#on'( '* +*t#-*+no 8 *+( ro"+( ,'(o?o#"+( +-+r'"'n ;+"#+ *+ "!'n"+ '* T#t#"+"+ "on #nt'rr!-"#on'( "!#'rt+( -or 4or,+"#on'( '* "'no?o#"o 8 r'"#'nt'(.
1..2 GEOLOGÍA LOCAL. En '* r'+ ' !' ++r"+ '* 8+"#,#'nto +!r34'ro An+ M+r3+ (' o('r1+ +4*or+,#'nto( "on(#(t'nt'( 'n *!t#t+( 8 -#?+rr+( !' "on4or,+n *+ -+rt' (!-'r#or ' *+ 4or,+"#$n 2'n'r+*,'nt' t#'n'n !n r!,o -ro,'#o NW SE "on !?+,#'nto ' 56 + 76 SW. Lo( '(tr+to( ' *!t#t+( 8 -#?+rr+( +4*or+n t+nto 'n '* ('"tor on' (' !#"+ *+ ,#n+ R#n"on++ 8 +* ('"tor ' *+ ,#n+ *!n+r ' oro 'ntr' '(to( o( ('"tor'( o -+r'( #,-ort+nt'( (!r2' *+ -r'('n"#+ ' *+ *'n2!+ 2*+"#+r. Lo( +4*or+,#'nto( "on(-#"!o( ' *!t#t+( 8 -#?+rr+( '(tn "ort+o( -or o( '(tr!"t!r+( #,-ort+nt'( !' (on '* #!' (+n P'ro 8 '* #!' T'nt+or+. Con r!,o -ro,'#o( +* NW SE 8 !?+,#'nto +* NE. T+,#n '( #,-ort+nt' ,'n"#on+r *+ -r'('n"#+ ' *+ 1't+ C+r,'n !' -r'('nt+ !n r!,o NW SE !?+,#'nto *#2'r+,'nt' ;+"#+ '* NE. E(to( ;or#?ont'( ' *!t#t+( 8 -#?+rr+( -*1#"+( 8 (#*3"'+( (on ' 2r+no 4#no + ,'#o ' "o*or 2r#( o("!ro + n'2ro (! t'@t!r+ 1+r3+ ' ('""#$n + otr+ too '**o t+* 1'? (' '' +* ;'";o ' !' (' ;+n '-o(#t+o 'n
17
"!'n"+( #nt'r"ont#n'nt+*'( ('-+r+o(
-+r"#+*,'nt' "on'"t+o( 8
+0o #4'r'nt'( "on#"#on'( ' ('#,'nt+"#$n.
1.1 MINERALES PREDOMINANTES DE LA ZONA E*','nto N+t#1o
:
Oro.
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S!*4!ro
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G+*'n+.
P S
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M+r"+(#t+
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F' A( S
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C!12 S 4 S 13
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E* oro o"!rr' 'n -+rt3"!*+( *#r'( ' ,#"r+( + ,( 8 "o,o #n"*!(#on'( -r#n"#-+*,'nt' 'ntro '* "!+r?o. T+,#n o"!rr'n '(-or#"+( #n"*!(#on'( ' oro 'n *+ +r('no-#r#t+ "on #,'n(#on'( ' 76 ,#"r+(. Lo( (!*4!ro( *'n+ 8 2+*'n+ o"!rr'n 'n 2r+no( ,!8 4#no( 8 ,!8 'rrt#"+,'nt' +(o"#+o( + "+*"o-#r#t+ +r('no-#r#t+ 8 -#r#t+ *+ ,o*#'n#t+ o"!rr' 'n 2r+no( *#r'( *+ -#r#t+ * o"!rr' 'n
4#n+(
#(',#n+"#on'( 'n '* "!+r?o *+ ,+r"+(#t+ '( (-'r r'(!*t+nt' ' *+ '("o,-o(#"#$n ' *+ -#rrot#t+ ,!'(tr+ *+ t'@t!r+
,$r4#"+ *+
18
+r('no-#r#t+ t+,#n (' -r'('nt+ 'n #(',#n+"#on'( 8 1'n#**+( **'1+no +*2o ' oro +(o"#+o *+ t'tr+'r#t+ '( ,#n'r+* -ort+or ' oro. Otro( '*','nto( ,'nor'( (on *+ *#,on#t+ ;',+t#t+ 8 t#t+n#t+. E* "!+r?o (' -r'('nt+ "o,o '* '*','nto ,( +!n+nt' "on(t#t!8' '* /7 *+ -#r#t+ -#rrot#t+ "on(t#t!8' '* 79 8 '* r'(to (on (!*4!ro( 8 otro( '*','nto( ,'nor'(. E* '(t!#o ' *+( r#!'t+( 8 *+ #(tr#!"#$n ' *o( 2r+no( *#r'( ' "!+r?o 8o +(o"#+o( + otro( ,#n'r+*'( no( #n#"+ !' 'n (! 2r+n ,+8or3+ '(to( '(tn "o,-r'n#o( 'ntro '* r+n2o ' *+ +,+*2+,+"#$n 8 "#+n!r+"#$n.
1.11 ESTUDIO DE RESERVAS PROBADAS Y PROBABLES DE YACIMIENTOS
AURÍFEROS.
1.11.1 M)0,'( P'&(+& B*o!' on' no '@#(t' n#n2n r#'(2o ' #("ont#n!#+ 'ntr' *+( "+r+( ,!'(tr'++( ' '(tr!"t!r+ ,#n'r+*#?++ -!'' t'n'r 57 $ 9 "+r+( -+r+ ,!'(tr'+r 8 #,'n(#on+r 8 -r'('nt+no +',( '1#'n"#+( 2'o*$2#"+(.
19
1.11.2 M)0,'( P'&(, B*o!' on' '* 4+"tor ' r#'(2o '( ,+8or '@#(t' #("ont#n!#+ 'n r'*+"#$n "on '* ,#n'r+* -ro+o -'ro *+( '1#'n"#+( 2'o*$2#"+( 8 ,#n'r+*$2#"+( ;+"'n (!-on'r *+ "ont#n!#+ ' *+ '(tr!"t!r+. En +,o( "+(o( (' ;+n to,+o 'n "!'nt+ -r#n"#-+*,'nt' *+ -'r(#(t'n"#+ '(tr!"t!r+* 8 *+ r'2!*+r#+ ,#n'r+*$2#"+ ' *o( ,+nto( ,ot#1o -or '* !' (' ;+ "on(#'r+o +*t!r+( r+?on+*'( !' no( +n !n 566 ' "'rt'?+ ' '@#(t'n"#+ r'+* ' '(t+( r'('r1+(. L+( '(tr!"t!r+( 4!'ron #*!#+( + 6 96 *+( "!+*'( ('rn *+ -ot'n"#+ '* ,+nto ,#n+o. A(3 ,#(,o (' ;+ "on(#'r+o !n 5 ' "+(t#2o +* r'(!*t+o ' *o( 'n(+8o( -or -o(#*'( 'rror'( ' ,!'(tr'o 8 *+or+tor#o. F#n+*,'nt' (' ;+n '4'"t!+o !n "+(t#2o '* 5 +* ton'*+0' "!#"+o "o,o ,#n'r+* -ro+o 8 -ro+*'.
CUADRO N 1 CUBICACION PARA MINERA ANANEA
20
CAPITULO II FUNDAMENTO TEÓRICO
2.1 ORO EN LA NATURALEZA. S' ;+**+ 'n *+ n+t!r+*'?+ 'n !n+ -ro-or"#$n +03(#,+ '* 6666666 'n -'(o. E( !n ,'t+* ' "o*or +,+r#**o "+r+"t'r3(t#"o !' '( *+no ,!8 "t#* 8 ,+*'+*'. E* oro (' -r'('nt+ 'n *+ n+t!r+*'?+ +0o 4or,+( #1'r(+(: 'n 4#*on'( ' ro"+( +!r34'r+( +(o"#+o + otro( ,'t+*'( -or '0',-*o '* "or' 8 'n 4or,+ ' -o*1o o ' 2rn!*o( r'on'+o( o +";+t+o( "ono"#o( "o,o -'-#t+( 'n '-$(#to( ' +r'n+ 8 *'";o( 4*!1#+*'( -*+"'r'( +!r34'ro(. P+r+ '@tr+'r '* ,'t+* !' (' 'n"!'ntr+ 'n #";o( '-$(#to( (' -ro"'' 'n -r#,'r *!2+r +* *+1+o *'1#2+"#$n 8 "r#+o ' *+( t#'rr+( "on !n t+,#? #n(tr!,'nto "o,-!'(to -or !n +ro o +r,+?$n "on !n+ t'*+ o !n+ ,+**+ ,!8 t!-#+ !' (#r1' -+r+ ('-+r+r *+( -+rt3"!*+( '* ,'t+* -r'"#o(o. L!'2o '(t+( (on (o,'t#+( + #1'r(o( -ro"'(o( -or *o 2'n'r+* +,+*2+,+"#$n "on ,'r"!r#o 8 -o(t'r#or '(t#*+"#$n ' *+ +,+*2+,+ ;+(t+ ot'n'r oro -!ro. C!+no '* ,'t+* (' ;+**+ 'n !n 8+"#,#'nto +nt'( '* *+1+o '( -r'"#(o '* '(,'n!?+,#'nto ' *+( ro"+( +!r34'r+(.
2.1.1 EXTRACCIÓN DEL ORO. E* oro '( !n ,'t+* #n+"t#1o -or *o !' (' 'n"!'ntr+ 'n (! ,+8or -+rt' 'n '(t+o n+t!r+*. En o"+(#on'( (' 'n"!'ntr+ "o,o t'*!r!ro ' oro. D'#o + (! +*t+ 'n(#+ '* oro ,'t*#"o -!'' "on"'ntr+r(' 'n ";+ro*+(. En '(t+ o-'r+"#$n *+ +r'n+ 8 *+ 2r+1+ !' "ont#'n'n oro (' 21
+2#t+n "on +2!+ 'n !n+ ";+ro*+. L+( -+rt3"!*+( ,( *#2'r+( (' 'rr+,+n 8 *+( 'n(+( -'-+( ' oro -'r,+n'"'n 'n '* 4ono. E* oro (' "on"'ntr+ 4#*tr+no 2r+1+ ,o*#+ 'n !n+ "orr#'nt' ' +2!+ (or' !n+ ,'(+ ' +2#t+"#$n *#2'r+,'nt' #n"*#n++ !' "ont#'n' #1'r(+( +rr'r+( +0+(. E(t+( #,-#'n '* '("'n(o ' *+( -+rt3"!*+( ' oro ,+( -'(++(. A "ont#n!+"#$n (' 4or,+ !n+ +*'+"#$n ' oro "on ,'r"!r#o 8 (' r't#r+. En *+ 't+-+ -o(t'r#or (' '(t#*+ '* ,'r"!r#o '0+no +tr( '* oro -!ro. E* oro t+,#n (' r'"!-'r+ ' *o( *oo( +n$#"o( -or -!r#4#"+"#$n '*'"tro*3t#"+ '* "or'. E* oro '( t+n '("+(o !' t+,#n (' ot#'n' ' ,#n'r+*'( ' +0o 2r+o -or '* -ro"'(o ' "#+n!ro.
2.1.2 CARACTERIZACIÓN DEL ORO E* oro (' "+r+"t'r#?+ -or *+( (#2!#'nt'( -ro-#'+'(: +
S! +*to -'(o '(-'"34#"o.
S! 2r+n ,+*'+#*#+.
"
S! -'r,'+#*#+ -or '* ,'r"!r#o 'n '* +2!+.
S! (o*!#*#+ 'n "#+n!ro( +*"+*#no(.
'
S! r'(#(t'n"#+ + *+ "orro(#$n 8 o@#+"#$n.
4
S! "o*or+"#$n +,+r#**o ro0#?o !' "+,#+ ' ton+*#+ ('2n *o( '*','nto( +*'+nt'(.
22
2.2 CONCENTRACIÓN GRAVIMTRICA DE ORO L+ "on"'ntr+"#$n 2r+1#,tr#"+ '( !n -ro"'(o t+* "!+* !' *+( -+rt3"!*+( ' t+,+o( #(t#nto( 4or,+ 8 'n(#+'( (on ('-+r++( !n+( ' otr+( -or *+ +""#$n ' *+ 4!'r?+ ' 2r+1'+ o -or *+ 4!'r?+ "'ntr34!2+. L+( *'8'( ' *+ ('#,'nt+"#$n no( ;+n -'r,#t#o 0!?2+r *+ +-t#t! + *+ ('-+r+"#$n '* oro ' *+ 2+n2+ "on(#'r+no '* ,#(,o r+n2o ' t+,+o( ' +*#,'nt+"#$n ot'n#o -r'1#+,'nt' 'n *+ ('""#$n ,o*#'n+.
2.2.1 AMALGAMACIÓN L+ +,+*2+,+"#$n 'n !n -ro"'(o ' "on"'ntr+"#$n 'n '* "!+* *o( ,'t+*'( n+t#1o( (on ('-+r+o( ' *o( ,#n'r+*'( no ,'t*#"o( !' 4or,+n *+ 2+n2+ 'n r+?$n ' (! ,o0+#*#+ ('*'"t#1+ + *o( ,#n'r+*'( no ,'t*#"o(. Entr' *o( ,'t+*'( +,+*2+,+*'( 4#2!r+n '* ?#n" '(t+o "or' "+,#o -*o,o #(,!to 8 (o#o. E* oro '( *#2'r+,'nt' (o*!*' 'n ,'r"!r#o +-ro@#,++,'nt' 6.6= + 76C 8 5.& + 566C ;+#no(' *o2r+o +#(*+r *o( o( "o,-!'(to( ' oro,'r"!r#o "!8+ "o,-o(#"#$n '(: A!5/ H29 8 A!5/H2. L+ t'n(#$n (!-'r4#"#+* '* ,'r"!r#o '( & D#n+(C'nt3,'tro 8 '* +2!+ '( &. L+ 'n(#+ '* "!+r?o '( 7.= '* ,'r"!r#o 5. 8 '* oro 5/.7 Gr+,o(",. A;or+ #'n (# (' !(+ ,'r"!r#o "o,o !n ,'#o *3!#o ' ('-+r+"#$n '* "!+r?o 4*ot+r+ 8 '* oro (' ;!n#r. Co,o (' -or 1'r *+ 4!'r?+ ' 2r+1'+ '( *+ r'(-on(+*' '* ;!n#,#'nto '* oro 'n '* ,'r"!r#o 23
+-+rt' ' "!+*!#'r
r'!""#$n 'n *+ t'n(#$n (!-'r4#"#+* "o,o
"on('"!'n"#+ ' *+ (or"#$n. En r'+*#+ *+ 2r+1'+ '( *+ 4!'r?+ ,( #,-ort+nt' !' 'ntr+ 'n 0!'2o 'n '(t' -ro"'(o 8+ !' *+( -+rt3"!*+( ' oro ,!8 -'!'+( -!'' !' no ('+n +,+*2+,++( (#n ',+r2o *+ "ont+,#n+"#$n ' *+ (!-'r4#"#' '* oro '( r'(-on(+*' 'n -+rt' ' '(' '4'"to. E* ,'r"!r#o -!'' '(t+r "ont+,#n+o -or 1+r#+( (!(t+n"#+( -r'('nt'( 'n *+ -!*-+ ,#n'r+* +2!+ T+*'( "o,o "#o 2r+(o 8 (!( (+*'( !' -or3+n -ro1'n#r ' *+( ,!#n+( ' tr#t!r+"#$n 8 ,o*#'n+. E(to( +"'#t'( t#'n'n !n+ t'n(#$n (!-'r4#"#+* +0+ 6 D#n+(",. O ,'no( o (# ;+"'n "on t+"to "on ,'r"!r#o '(to( "!r'n (! (!-'r4#"#'. S# !n+ -+rt3"!*+ ' oro t#'n' !n+ t'n(#$n (!-'r4#"#+* ,!8 r'!"#+ -or ;+'r (#o (! (!-'r4#"#' r'"!#'rt+ "on !n+ -'*3"!*+ ' +"'#t' *+ +tr+""#$n ;+"#+ '* ,'r"!r#o -!'' ('r r'',-*+?++ -or !n+ r'-!*(#$n -or r+?on'( (#,#*+r'( + +!'**+( !' +4'"t+n '* ,'"+n#(,o 'n '* (#(t',+ ,'r"!r#o 1#r#o +#r'. E* ,'r"!r#o 'nn'2r'"' "!+no (' -on' 'n "ont+"to "on +?!4r' 8 +*2!no( (!*4!ro( -+rt#"!*+r,'nt' ' +nt#,on#o +r(n#"o 8 #(,!to. E(t+ t'n'n"#+ '( ,#n#,#?++ "!+no *+ -!*-+ '( +*"+*#n+. P+r+ *#,-#+r '* ,'t+* 8 -r'1'n#r !' '* ,'r"!r#o 4or,'n "o,-!'(to( #n(o*!*'( "on !n #$n 'r#1+o ' *o( "on"'ntr+o( o !' ('+ r'"!#'rto "on !n+ "!t3"!*+ ' 2r+(+ (' ++'n 1+r#o( r'+"t#1o( "o,o ('r: "*or!ro ' +,on#o *"+*# +2'nt'( o@#+nt'( 8 o"+(#on+*,'nt' "#+n!ro +*"+*#no.
24
L+ r'"!-'r+"#$n ' oro 'n *+ +,+*2+,+"#$n (or'-+(+ '* / "!+no '(t+ -r'('nt' 'n 2r+no 2r!'(o 8 no t#'n' *+ (!-'r4#"#' 'n,o;'"#+ o "!#'rt+( "on -'*3"!*+( ' ,+t'r#+( '@tr++(. L+ -'r#+ ' ,'r"!r#o 1+r3+ '(' ,'no( ' 5 ;+(t+ !n 7 '-'n#'no ' (! !(o 8+ ('+ 'n -*+n";+( +,+*2+,++( no (o,'t#+( + 4!'rt' -r'(#$n ' +2!+ o 'n +,+*2+,+or'( ' o*(#**o (or'"+r2+o(.
2.2.2 CONCENTRACIÓN EN JIG T+,#n **+,+o ,too ' *+ +"'*'r+"#$n #4'r'n"#+* *+( -+rt3"!*+( ,#n'r+*'( (on (o,'t#+( !r+nt' "#"*o( ,!8 r'1'( + !n+( "orr#'nt'( +("'n'nt'( 8 '("'n'nt'( (!,#n#(tr+o( -or -!*(+"#on'( +*t'rn+( ++( + !n *3!#o -or !n -#(t$n o !n #+4r+2,+. A +""#$n "o,#n++ + '(t+( "orr#'nt'( -'r,#t' *+ ('-+r+"#$n ' *o( 2r+no( -'(+o( ' *o( *#2'ro( *+ "!+* o"!rr' 'n tr'( 't+-+(. Et+-+ 5 A"'*'r+"#$n #4'r'n"#+* !r+nt' *+ ('#,'nt+"#$n +nt'( ' +*"+n?+r (! 1'*o"#+ *3,#t' *+ +"'*'r+"#$n +!#r#+ -or *+ -+rt3"!*+( '-'n'n (o*+,'nt' ' (! 'n(#+ 'n !n t#',-o ' "+3+ ,!8 r'1'. Et+-+ 7 S'#,'nt+"#$n o(t+"!*#?++ *+ "orr#'nt' +("'n'nt' '* *3!#o -'r,#t' r'+*#?+r !n+ ('#,'nt+"#$n '*'1++ +!,'nt+ '* "r#t'r#o ' t+22+rt .
25
V
1 X 2 X
Don' : 1 2 X (on *+( 'n(#+'( ' *o( -'(+o( *#2'ro( 8 '* 4*!#o r'(-'"t#1+,'nt'. S# X +!,'nt+ 8 "r'"' #n#"nono( *+ -o(##*#+ ' tr+t+r "ort'( 2r+n!*o,tr#"o( '@t'n(o(.
Et+-+ H!n#,#'nto 'n "orr#'nt'( '("'n'nt'( *+( -+rt3"!*+( (on (!""#on++( 8 '(t+( t#'n'n + +-r't+r(' *+( -+rt3"!*+( 4#n+( -!''n "ont#n!+r ('#,'ntno(' (o*+(. E* 4'n$,'no -!'' ('r ,( "o,-*'0o "!+no (' "on(#'r+ '* -+-'* ' *+ 4r'"!'n"#+ ' *+ +,-*#t! ' *+( o("#*+"#on'( #,-r#,#+( +* ,'#o ' tr+t+,#'nto. L+( o("#*+"#on'( ' *+ "+-+ ' *+( -+rt3"!*+( '(tn "on#"#on++( +* '4'"to ' *+( o("#*+"#on'( '* *3!#o 4!'r+ ' *+ "+-+ ' *+ -!*-+ -ro1o"++ -or '* ,o1#,#'nto '* -#(t$n o #+4r+2,+.
2.2.3 CONCENTRACIÓN EN TRAMPAS "IDR6ULICAS L+(
tr+,-+( ;#r!*#"+( o
-ro"'#,#'nto( ('n"#**o(
-+r+
*+
+,+*2+,+"#$n 'n "+n+*'t+( o (*!#"'( 'n *+ -r#,'r+ "+n+*'t+ (' "o*o"+ !n+ ot'**+ "on ,'r"!r#o !' *o '0+ "+'r 2ot+ + 2ot+. En *o( (*!#"'( o "+n+*'t+( (' "o*o"+n -*+"+( -*+n";+( ' "or' +,+*2+,++( *+( "!+*'( (' -r'-+r+n *#,-#+no (! (!-'r4#"#' "on +"#o n3tr#"o #* ++#'no *!'2o ,'r"!r#o !' ;+ (#o *+1+o "on '(t' ,#(,o "#o #*!#o -+r+ !' (' 4or,' !n+ *#2'r+ "+-+ ' n#tr+to ' ,'r"!r#o. 26
A*2!n+( 1'"'( (' 4or,+n (!(+*'( ' "or' ' "o*or 1'r' (# '(to o"!rr' (' *#,-#+ "on (!,o "!#+o. T+,#n (' (!'*' *#,-#+r *+ -*+"+ -+r+ -r'-+r+r*+ "on +"#o (!*4r#"o #*!#o (!,'r2#no*+ 'n 1+(o ' ,+'r+ !r+nt' = ;or+(. En *+ -r"t#"+ (' ',-*'+ !n 2r+,o ' ,'r"!r#o -or "++ 2r+,o ' oro.
2.2.4 CONCENTRACIÓN EN MESAS Mtoo ' "on"'ntr+"#$n -or "+-+ -'*#"!*+r 4*!8'nt' *+( -+rt3"!*+( ' ,#n'r+* ' #(t#nto( t+,+o( 8 -'(o '(-'"34#"o 8 4or,+ (on ('-+r++( !n+( ' otr+( +* ('r '(*#?++( -or 2r+1'+ (or' !n+ (!-'r4#"#' #n"*#n++ -*+n+ '@-!'(t+ + *+ +""#$n ' *+ 1'*o"#+ #4'r'n"#+* ' !n+ -'*3"!*+ ' *3!#o 4*!'nt'. L+( ,'(+( "on"'ntr+or+( (on +-+r+to( "on(t#t!#o( -or !n+ (!-'r4#"#' -*+n+ *#2'r+,'nt' #n"*#n++ "on r'*+"#$n + *+ ;or#?ont+* -ro1#(t+ ' '(tr3+( 8 !n ,'"+n#(,o !' #,-r#,' *+( (+"!#+( ' ,+n'r+ +(#,tr#"+ 8 *on2#t!#n+*,'nt'. L+( ,'(+( (on !(++( -+r+ *+ ('-+r+"#$n -or 2r+1'+ ' -+rt3"!*+( 4#n+( !' no ;+n -o#o ('r "on"'ntr++( 'n *o( 0#2(.
2.2.5 AMALGAMACIÓN BATC" E(t+ -r!'+ (' '4'"t+ 'n !n ,o*#no ' o*+( -'!'o ' *+or+tor#o (#n (o*'r+( !' tr++0+n + 1'*o"#+'( +0+(. E* ,o*#no '' ' o-'r+r !r+nt' *+( -r!'+( "on (o*o o( o tr'( o*+( 2r+n'( o #'n "on !n+ (o*+ +rr+ ' +"'ro. L+ 'n(#+ ' *+ -!*-+ '-'n' '* o0't#1o ' *+ -r!'+. Por '0',-*o (# '('+ #(-'r(+r '* ,'r"!r#o *+ 'n(#+ +-ro-#++ '( ' 27
)6 -'ro (# (' !#'r' ,+nt'n'r '* ";+r"o ' ,'r"!r#o (#n #(-'r(#$n *+ 'n(#+ +"on('0++ '( ' 76 + 96 ' ($*#o(. E* t#',-o ' *+ -r!'+ 1+r3+ ' ,'no( ' !n+ ;or+ ;+(t+ 1+r#+( ;or+(. Un+ 1'( t'r,#n++ *+ -r!'+ '* ,'r"!r#o (' ('-+r+ "on !n+ ";+ o !n "*+(#4#"+or ;#r!*#"o '*!tr'+or *+ "o*+ (' 'n(+8+ -or oro.
2.3 OTRAS ALTERNATIVAS DE EXTRACCIÓN DE ORO Lo( -ro"'(o( +*t'rn+t#1o( (on +!'**o( !' "o,-*'t+,'nt' '*
!(o
' ,'r"!r#o.
-'r,#t'n o1#+r
E(to( -ro"'(o(
4!'ron
"on(#'r+o( ;+(t+ +;or+ 'n *t#,o *!2+r -or *+( (#2!#'nt'( r+?on'(: 'n"ontr+ron -o"+ +"'-t+"#$n 'ntr' *o( -'!'o( ,#n'ro( (! #,-*','nt+"#$n 'ntro '* ,+r2'n ' *o( -ro8'"to( "on *+ -'!'+ ,#n'r3+ r'(!*t+ #4#"!*to(+ 8 *+ #ntro!""#$n ' '(t+( #nno1+"#on'( +,-*#+( -ro1o"+ "o(to( +#"#on+*'( o*#2+no + *+( ',-r'(+( ,#n'r+( + (o,'t'r(' + ,o#4#"+"#on'( o "+,#o( !' -or3+n r'(!*t+r '@#to(+( 'n "+(o( +#(*+o(.
2.3.1 SEPARACIÓN MAGNTICA En *o( 8+"#,#'nto( +*!1#+*'( o 8+"#,#'nto( ' oro o@#+o -.'0. *+ -+rt' (!-'r4#"#+* ' 1't+( +!r34'r+( (!*4!ro(+( (' -!'' +-*#"+r *+ ('-+r+"#$n ,+2nt#"+ ' !n+ -+rt' *+ +r'n+ n'2r+ o +*2!no( $@#o( ' ;#'rro r'(t+nt'(. Lo( ,+2n'to( #,+n'( 4!'rt'( 8 -'r,+n'nt'( "o,o +!'**o( !t#*#?+o( 'n +*to-+r*+nt'( 4!n"#on+n #'n "on ,+2n't#t+. E(to( #,+n'( (' "o*o"+n 'n !n r'"#-#'nt' -*(t#"o o '
28
"+rt$n. L!'2o (' -+(+ (t' -or 'n"#,+ ' *+( -+rt3"!*+( + ('-+r+r. A(3 *+( -+rt3"!*+( ,+2nt#"+( (on +tr+3+( + *+ -+r' '@t'r#or '* r'"#-#'nt'. Enton"'( '* ,+t'r#+* ,+2nt#"o '( **'1+o + otro r'"#-#'nt' #4'r'nt' on' (' r't#r+ '* #,n '* r'"#-#'nt' 8 *+( -+rt3"!*+( r'"o*'"t++( "+'n. R'-'t#r '(t' -ro"'#,#'nto 1+r#+( 1'"'( -!'' ,'0or+r (#2n#4#"+t#1+,'nt' *+ '4#"#'n"#+ ' *+ ('-+r+"#$n ,+2nt#"+. S# too( *o( ,#n'r+*'( +"o,-++nt'( (on +*t+,'nt' ,+2nt#"o( -.'0. ,+2n't#t+ (' -!'' "on('2!#r (#n n'"'(#+ ' +,+*2+,+"#$n !n +*to 2r+o ' "on"'ntr+o ' oro '* "!+* (' -!'' 1'n'r o 4!n#r #r'"t+,'nt'. E@#(t'n t+,#n ('-+r+or'( ,+2nt#"o( ' +*t+ #nt'n(#+ "on *o( "!+*'( (' -!'' t+,#n ('-+r+r #*,'n#t+ ;',+t#t+ 2r+n+t'( t!r,+*#n+ 't". '* oro. E(to( +-+r+to( no (on +r+to( 8 -!''n ('r +-*#"+o( 'n ,#n+( ,( 2r+n'(. Lo( '(+rro**o( n!'1o( ' #,+n'( ' +*t+ #nt'n(#+ ' t#'rr+( r+r+( 8 r'*+t#1+,'nt' ' +0o "o(to r'(!*t+rn -o(#*','nt' 'n -o"o( +o( 'n *+ "on(tr!""#$n ' ('-+r+or'( +r+to( ' +*t+ #nt'n(#+ !' -!''n t+,#n ('r #4!n#o( 'n *+ -'!'+ ,#n'r3+.
2.3.2 SEPARACIÓN POR FUNDICIÓN 78FUNDICIÓN DIRECTA89 P+r+ '1#t+r *+ +,+*2+,+"#$n 'n +*2!no( "+(o( (' +-*#"+ *+ 4!n#"#$n #r'"t+ ' "on"'ntr+o(. L+ "on"'ntr+"#$n n'"'(+r#+ '* oro Y6 A! (' -!'' *o2r+r !(+no ,too( ' "on"'ntr+"#$n 2r+1#,tr#"+ ,'(+( 1#r+or+( "'ntr34!2+( "o,#n+o( + 1'"'( "on *+
29
('-+r+"#$n ,+2nt#"+. P+r+ ot'n'r !n "on"'ntr+o ' ,!8 +*t+ *'8 ''n +,#t#r(' -r#+( '(-'"#+*,'nt' 'n oro 4#no. E(t' '( !n -ro*',+ ,'nor 'n *+( o-'r+"#on'( 'n !' '* -ro"'(o ' "on"'ntr+"#$n 2r+1#,tr#"+ '( ('2!#o -or *+ "#+n!r+"#$n ' *+( "o*+(. P+r+ ('-+r+r '* oro ' *o( ,#n'r+*'( -'(+o( o -+r+ *#,-#+r '* oro ot'n#o 'n *+( o-'r+"#on'( ' +,+*2+,+"#$n*#@#1#+"#$n '* "on"'ntr+o (' -on' 'n !n "r#(o* 0!nto "on $r+@ 8 otro( +2'nt'( 4*!##4#"+nt'( 8 (' "+*#'nt+ + 5766 ZC. Lo( $@#o( t+*'( "o,o *#,on#t+ #*,'n#t+ 't". (' 'rr#t'n -ro!"#'no !n (#(t',+ ($*#o*3!#o 'n '* "!+* '* oro *3!#o (' r'n' 'n '* 4ono '* "r#(o* '+0o ' *+ '("or#+. E* oro -!ro (' 4!n' + 56= ZC. L+( (#2!#'nt'( (!(t+n"#+( (' -!''n !t#*#?+r "o,o 4or,+or+( ' '("or#+ 8 4*!##?+nt'(: C!+r?o 1#r#o $r+@ #$@#o ' ,+n2+n'(o #"+ron+to ' (o#o -ot+(+ "*or!ro ' +,on#o "#+n!ro ' -ot+(#o (+*#tr' 4*!or!ro 8 "r#o*#t+. L+ '*'""#$n '* r'+"t#1o -+r+ #n!"#r *+ 4or,+"#$n ' '("or#+ 8 ,'0or+r *+ 4!(##*#+ '-'n' ' *+ "o,-o(#"#$n ,#n'r+*$2#"+ '* "on"'ntr+o. In"*!(o *+ '*'""#$n '* "r#(o* +r"#**+ 2r+4#to o "'r,#"+ '-'n' ' *+ n+t!r+*'?+ 8 ' *+ "o,-o(#"#$n '* "on"'ntr+o. S# '* -r' "on"'ntr+o 4!n#o "ont#'n' +*to( "ont'n#o( ' "o,-on'nt'( (!*4!ro(o( '* r'(!*t+o '* -ro"'(o ' 4!n#"#$n -or3+ ('r !n (#(t',+ ' tr'( "o,-on'nt'( ('2r'2+o(: *+ '("or#+ !n+ ,+t+ 8 '* ,'t+* -r'"#o(o. A 1'"'( !n+ not+*' "+nt#+ ' oro (' 'n"!'ntr+ *#2++ + *+ ,+t+ *+ "!+* ''r ('r *#@#1#++ o "o,'r"#+*#?++ -or ('-+r+o. 30
Por *o 2'n'r+* '( +"on('0+*' r',o*'r *+ '("or#+ 8 (o,'t'r*+ + !n+ "on"'ntr+"#$n
2r+1#,tr#"+.
Fr'"!'nt','nt'
"on(#'r+*'(
"+nt#+'( ' oro (' 'n"!'ntr+n 'n 4or,+ ' [!r!0+([ #n"r!(t++( 'n *+ ,#(,+.
2.3.3 DISOLUCIÓN DE SULFUROS CON 6CIDO NÍTRICO P+r+ '1#t+r *+ +,+*2+,+"#$n ' !n "on"'ntr+o +*t+,'nt' 'nr#!'"#o "!+no no (' t#'n' *+( -o(##*#+'( ' 4!n#r*o #r'"t+,'nt' 'n +*2!no( "+(o( (' !t#*#?+ "#o n3tr#"o -+r+ #(o*1'r -#r#t+( 8 -+r+ +(3 ot'n'r '* oro. E(t' -ro"'(o ',#t' 2r+n'( "+nt#+'( ' 2+( n#tro(o '(-'"#+*,'nt' 'n "+(o ' !t#*#?+r "#o "on"'ntr+o 8 -on' 'n -'*#2ro + *o o-'r+or'( . S#n ',+r2o (' -or3+ "on(tr!#r 4#*tro( ' "+r$n 1'2't+* !";+( "on +2!+ "on "+* -+r+ 4#*tr+r *o( 2+('(. E* -ro"'(o 4!n"#on+ ($*o "on +*2!no( (!*4!ro( no "on +r'n+( n'2r+(. L+( (o*!"#on'( r'(#!+*'( -!''n "ont'n'r +*t+( "on"'ntr+"#on'( ' ,'t+*'( -'(+o(. Por '(o '* -ro"'(o no '( r'"o,'n+*'.
2.4CINTICA DE LA AMALGAMACIÓN. E(t+ -r!'+ (' r'+*#?+ 'n !n ,o*#no ' o*+( -'!'o ' *+or+tor#o (' tr++0+ + 1'*o"#+'( +0+(. E* ,o*#no '' o-'r+r !r+nt' *+( -r!'+( "on (o*o o( o tr'( o*+( 2r+n'( o #'n "on !n+ (o*+ +rr+ ' +"'ro. L+ 'n(#+ ' *+ -!*-+ '-'n' '* o0't#1o ' *+ -r!'+ -or '0',-*o (# '('+ #(-'r(+r '* ,'r"!r#o *+ 'n(#+ +-ro-#++ '( )6 -'ro (#
31
!#'r' ,+nt'n'r '* ";+r"o ' ,'r"!r#o (#n #(-'r(#$n *+ 'n(#+ +"on('0+*' '( ' 76 + 96 ' ($*#o(. E* t#',-o ' -r!'+ 1+r3+ ' ,'no( ' !n+ ;or+ ;+(t+ 1+r#+( ;or+(. Un+ 1'? t'r,#n++ *+ -r!'+ '* ,'r"!r#o (' ('-+r+ "on !n+ ";+ o "on !n "*+(#4#"+or ;#r!*#"o '*!tr'+or 8 *+( "o*+( (' 'n(+8+ -or oro.
2.5 TERMODIN6MICA DE LA AMALGAMACIÓN L+ +4#n#+ ' +,+*2+,+"#$n '* ,'r"!r#o -+r+ *o( ,'t+*'( +!,'nt+ "on *+ t',-'r+t!r+ -or '0',-*o *' +r(n#"o 8 '* +nt#,on#o r'!#'r'n ' "+*or -+r+ 4or,+r +,+*2+,+( 'n '* "+(o '* +nt#,on#o (' ro,-' +* 'n4r#+r('. E* ,'r"!r#o !3,#"+,'nt' -!ro t#'n' ,!8 #* -o'r ' +,+*2+,+"#$n (! 'n'r23+ +!,'nt+ "!+no '(t "+r2+o '( '"#r "!+no "ont#'n' + *+ t',-'r+t!r+ or#n+r#+ *+ "+nt#+ ' 6.56 ' oro !' no -!'' ('-+r+r(' -or !n+ 4#*tr+"#$n 'n !n+ 2+,!?+ o 'n !n 4#*tro -r'n(+. Un r'(!*t+o (#,#*+r -!'' ot'n'r(' "on -'!'+( "+nt#+'( ' ,'t+*'( or#n+r#o( "o,o ?#n" -*o,o 8 "or' -'ro too '@"'(o '( +#no -or!' ,+r'+ '* ,'r"!r#o o"+(#on+no !' (' #1#+ 'n 4#no( 2*o!*#to(.
2. PROPIEDADES DEL MERCURIO. E*','nto !3,#"o (3,o*o H2 E( !n ,'t+* no*' (o*!*' n#"+,'nt' 'n (o*!"#on'( o@#+nt'(. E* ,'r"!r#o ($*#o '( t+n (!+1' "o,o '* -*o,o. E* ,'t+* 8 (!( "o,-!'(to( (on ,!8 t$@#"o(. E* ,'r"!r#o 4or,+ (o*!"#on'( **+,++( +,+*2+,+( "on +*2!no( ,'t+*'( -or '0',-*o oro -*+t+ -*+t#no !r+n#o "or' -*o,o (o#o 8 -ot+(#o.
32
P'(o +t$,#"o
: 766.=5
<+*'n"#+
: \5 \7
P'(o E(-'"34#"o
: 5./ + 9C
P!nto ' F!(#$n
: ).) C
P!nto ' E!**#"#$n
: &.7 C
E* ,'t+* '( *3!#o + *+ t',-'r+t!r+ or#n+r#+ no o@#+ 'n '* +#r' + *+ t',-'r+t!r+ or#n+r#+ -'ro (' "o,#n+ *'nt+,'nt' "on '* o@32'no "!+no (' '@-on' +* +#r' + !n+ t',-'r+t!r+ "'r"+ ' (! -!nto ' '!**#"#$n. E* ,'r"!r#o 4or,+ "on ,!";o( ,'t+*'( +,+*2+,+( *3!#+( "!+no *+ -ro-or"#$n '* otro ,'t+* '( -'!'+ -'ro -+(to(+( 8 ;+(t+ ($*#+( +* +!,'nt+r #";+ -ro-or"#$n. L+( +,+*2+,+( ' '(t+o -*+t+ 8 oro (' !(+n 'n oonto*o23+.
M#n'r+*'( ' ,'r"!r#o: C#n+r#o H2 S ' H2 V )=.7
S! "o*or 1+r3+ ' ro0o '("+r*+t+ + ro0o "+4. P'(o '(-'"34#"o '( ).5 *o( '*','nto( "on *o( !' '(t +(o"#+o (on S# C+ F' C C!A( S P A2 A!. S' '"o,-on'n 'n "#o (!*4r#"o "+*#'nt'.
M'r"!r#o n+t#1o. H2. P'(o '(-'"34#"o 5.= '* '*','nto "on '* !' '(t +(o"#+o '( *+ -*+t+ (' '("o,-on' 'n "#o n3tr#"o .
33
2.! REACTIVACIÓN DEL MERCURIO. Ant'( 'n *o( #n#"#o( '* ,'r"!r#o "!+no 'r+ !t#*#?+o 'n (!"'(#1+( o-'r+"#on'( '(t' -'r3+ (! "+-+"#+ r'+"t#1+ +* "!+* (' *' 'no,#n+ ,'r"!r#o "+n(+o 'r+ *+1+o -r'"+r#+,'nt' "on +*2n 't'r2'nt' o 0!2o ' *#,$n 8 4#n+*,'nt' '('";+o. E* ,'r"!r#o (' -!r#4#"+ -or '(t#*+"#$n 8 tr+t+,#'nto -or '(t#*+o "on "#o.
En -r#,'r *!2+r (' '*#,#n+ *+( #,-!r'?+( 2ro('r+( !' (' 'n"!'ntr+n 'n (!(-'n(#$n -+r+ "!8o '4'"to (' '@-r#,' '* ,'r"!r#o 'n 2+,!?+ *on+ ' t'0#o +-r't+no ! otr+ t'*+ o !n 4#*tro-r'n(+. En('2!#+ (' +2r'2+ "+* -+r+ (+"+r *o( "#o( 2r+(o( 8 *#,+!r+( ' ;#'rro 8 -+r+ '*#,#n+r '* +?!4r' (' "o*o"+ 'n !n+ '(t#*+or+.
A*2!no( ,'t+*'( or#n+r#o( (' 1o*+t#*#?+n 0!nto "on '* ,'r"!r#o 8 (' "on'n(+n 'n -+rt' "o,o ($*#o +nt'( !' '* ,'r"!r#o. L+( *#,+!r+( ' ;#'rro 8 *o( $@#o( ,+2nt#"o( ' '(t' '*','nto -!''n ('r ('-+r+o( '* ,'r"!r#o ,'#+nt' !n ,+2n'to.
L+( #,-!r'?+( t+*'( "o,o ?#n" "or' ;#'rro 8 '(t+o -!''n ('r '*#,#n++( -or *#@#1#+"#$n "on "#o "*or;3r#"o #*!#o o '";+no !n+ "+-+ ' "#o n3tr#"o #*!#o 5 : 'n"#,+ '* ,'r"!r#o 8 +2#t+no ' r+to 'n r+to.
34
Otro ,too "on(#(t' 'n ;+"'r 2ot'+r ' !n+ "o*!,n+ *+r2+ **'n+ ' n#tr+to ' ,'r"!r#o o "#o n3tr#"o #*!#o o (+"!#r "on (o*!"#on'( +"!o(+( ' +2'nt'( o@#+nt'( 4!'rt'( "o,o "*or!ro 4rr#"o #"ro,+to ' -ot+(#o o "#o (!*4r#"o.
2.# TRATAMIENTO DE LA AMALGAMA. Un+ r'tort+ '( !n r'"#-#'nt' (#,#*+r + !n "r#(o* "on !n ,'"+n#(,o -+r+ +r#r 8 "'rr+r '* ,#(,o !n t!o ' (+*#+ 'n *+ "+'?+ '* r'"#-#'nt' '( '"#r 'n *+ t+-+ 8 !n "!'**o !' +-!nt+ ;+"#+ ++0o (#,#*+r + !n t!o !' (#r1' "o,o "on'n(+or. E**+ (#r1' -+r+ '(t#*+r *+ +,+*2+,+ 8 r'"!-'r+r '* ,'r"!r#o "on'n(+o. S' "on(#2!'n ,'0or'( r'(!*t+o( +-*#"+no !n+ "+-+ 4#n+ ' "+* t#?+ +r"#**+ o t+*"o +* #nt'r#or '* "r#(o* +nt'( ' !' (' *o "+r2!' "on +,+*2+,+. E(to '1#t+ !' '* oro (' -'2!' +* 4ono 8 *+( -+r''( ' *+ r'tort+ *!'2o ' *+ '(t#*+"#$n n!n"+ (' ''r3+ !t#*#?+r ,+t'r#+ 2r+(+ 8+ !' (' '1+-or+r3+ 0!nto "on '* ,'r"!r#o '(+"t#1+no (! (!-'r4#"#' -+r+ (! -o(t'r#or !(o 'n '* -ro"'(o. L!'2o '* "r#(o* '( "'rr+o 8 "+*'nt+o -+r+ '*'1+r *+ t',-'r+t!r+ ' *+ ,'?"*+ ' oro 8 ,'r"!r#o +-ro@. + 966ZC -+r+ !' '* ,'r"!r#o (' '1+-or'. A ,'#+ !' -+(+ -or '* "on'n(+or '* 1+-or ' ,'r"!r#o (' + A!n!' (' ;+*+ ' *+ [',+[ ' +,+*2+,+ '(to no '( !n+ 1'r+'r+ !',+. S' tr+t+ ,( #'n ' *+ '1+-or+"#$n '* ,'r"!r#o 'n 4or,+ ' 1+-or ,'t*#"o no 'n 4or,+ ' $@#o( -or "+*'nt+,#'nto. Con'n(+ 'n '* t!o 8 2ot'+ + !n r'"#-#'nt' **'no ' +2!+. E* +2!+ -r'1#'n' !n+ ,+8or '1+-or+"#$n. E* ,'0or r'(!*t+o (' *o2r+ '0+no t'r,#n+r *+ (+*#+ '* t!o 'n !n+ 4!n+ ' 35
-*(t#"o tr+n(-+r'nt' ;'r,t#"+,'nt' ('**++ "on !n+ *#2+ '*(t#"+ 8 ;!n#+ 'n !n r'"#-#'nt' ' +2!+. D' '(t+ 4or,+ '* (#(t',+ ["r#(o* r'4r#2'r+or4!n+[ !'+ +(o*!t+,'nt' "'rr+o 8 (' '1#t+ *+ ,( ,3n#,+ 4!2+ ' ,'r"!r#o. L+( r'tort+( (' ''n "+*'nt+r (#',-r' ' t+* ,+n'r+ !' (' +-*#!' "+*or + too( (!( *+o( #n"*!8'no '* t!o ' (+*#+. D' otr+ 4or,+ +*2o '* ,'r"!r#o (' -or3+ "on'n(+r +nt'( ' +*"+n?+r '* "on'n(+or 'n '(' "+(o 1o*1'r3+ + 'ntr+r +* "r#(o* 8 t'nr3+ !' ('r r' '(t#*+o. E* !(o ' *+ r'tort+ t#'n' 1+r#+( '(1'nt+0+( -or *o !' + 1'"'( + *o( ,#n'ro( no *'( 2!(t+ +-*#"+r*+.
!t#*#?+r *+ r'tort+ 2'n'r+*,'nt' r'!#'r' ,( t#',-o !' !',+r *+ +,+*2+,+ +* +#r' *#r'
*+ +,+*2+,+ 8 '* oro no (on 1#(#*'( !r+nt' '* -ro"'(o *o "!+* '( !n 4+"tor ' (!("'-t##*#+ -+r+ +*2!no( -'!'o( ,#n'ro( tr+#"#on+*'(
36
CAPITULO III TECNOLOGÍA ACTUAL EN LA EXTRACCIÓN DEL ORO EN LA UNIDAD COMUNI 21 RINCONADA L+ Pr#n"#-+* +"t#1#+ ' *+ Cor-or+"#$n M#n'r+ An+n'+ S.A. '( *+ ot'n"#$n '* Oro o-'r+"#$n !' 1#'n' r'+*#?+no r'"#'nt','nt' '(' En'ro 766 ',-'?+no "on -r!'+( 'n *+or+tor#o 8 nor,+*#?+no *+ o-'r+"#$n 'n '* ,'( ' ,+r?o '* 766 **'2+no +"t!+*,'nt' + !n+ "+-+"#+ o-'r+t#1+ ' 76 TMSD.
En *+ P*+nt+ Con"'ntr+or+ '* tr+t+,#'nto '* ,#n'r+* (' r'+*#?+
,'#+nt'
'* -ro"'(o ' +,+*2+,+"#$n 8 4*ot+"#$n -+r+ ot'n'r A,+*2+,+ ' Oro 8 "on"'ntr+o ' (!*4!ro( "on 1+*or ' tr+t+,#'nto '* oro 4#no -or "#+n!r+"#$n r'(-'"t#1+,'nt'. E* ,#n'r+* #,-ort+nt' 'n '(t+ ,#n+ '( '* "!+r?o +;!,+o "on "ont'n#o ' oro *#r' 8 +(o"#+o(.
T'(0:*&';, +, M)0,'( M)0(
P,:(+& +, M)0,'( E* ,#n'r+* '( -r'1#+,'nt' -'(+o 'n !n+ +*+n?+ ' ^ TM ' "+-+"#+ 'n *+ o"+,#n+ 8 *!'2o '( "+r2+o +* "+,#$n 8 'n1#+o + *+ to*1+ ' 2r!'(o( ' *+ P*+nt+.
37
T&%( +, A=>(. E* A2!+ -+r+ *+ -*+nt+ "on"'ntr+or+ -ro1#'n' ' *+ *+2!n+ *!n+r '(;#'*o !#"+o +* *+o (!r '* n'1+o An+n'+ 'ntr' *o( "'rro( S+n Fr+n"#("o 8 C'rro L!n+r.
D+o !' '* r'!'r#,#'nto -+r+ '* -ro"'(+,#'nto '( ' *t('2. E* +2!+ '( o,'++ -or !n+ o,+ (#','n( "on ,otor ' 57 HP #r'"t+,'nt' +* r'('r1or#o ' 76. , ' "+-+"#+ 8 ' +!3 +*#,'nt+ + *+ P*+nt+ ,'#+nt' t!'r3+ ' _ ' #,'tro.
3.1 C/(0?(+& E* ,#n'r+* #n2r'(+ + *+ to*1+ ' 2r!'(o( + tr+1( ' -+rr#**+( "on *!? ' _ +*,+"'n+no 'n '**+ 566 TM -+r+ *!'2o ('r +*#,'nt+o ,'#+nt' !n+ "o,-!'rt+ ,'t*#"+ '(*#?+*' + !n+ C;+n"+or+ ' Q!#0++ COMESA ' )_@56_ t#-o B*+`' ' 57 HP 996 < 5& A,-. En "on#"#on'( nor,+*'( *+ ";+n"+or+ -!'' -+(+r TM -or ;or+ 8 ) ;3+ ' tr++0o -+r+ "!r#r *+( n'"'(#+'( ' *+ -*+nt+ ' 'n'4#"#o. E* -ro!"to ' *+ C;+n"+or+ COMESA 566 5 -!*2++ '( '("+r2+o + !n+ 4+0+ tr+n(-ort+or+ NZ 5 ' )_@ 5=_@ 57 ,t. D' *on2#t! -+r+ *!'2o ('r '("+r2+o + *+ to*1+ ' 4#no(.
38
A%(?,0(%),0;& +, @)0&: E* ,#n'r+* ' *+ 4+0+ NZ 5 (' '("+r2+ + !n+ to*1+ ' 4#no( COMESA "!8+ "+-+"#+ '( ' TM.
3.2 M&),0+( ?(:)@)?(?)0. Con *+ 4#n+*#+ ' *#'r+r *+( -+rt3"!*+( 1+*#o(+( ' oro n+t#1o 8 (!*4!ro( +!r34'ro( '* ,#n'r+* ";+n"+o '( +*#,'nt+o + r+?$n ' 6.) T.M.S;. +* Mo*#no COMESA ' 9a@9a t#-o r'o(' "o,-*'to ,'#+nt' !n+ 4+0+ ' +*#,'nt+"#$n 5=_@a E* ,o*#no "!8o ,otor ' 96 HP Tr++0+ 'n "#r"!#to "'rr+o "on !n "*+(#4#"+or ;'*#"o#+* COMESA ' 79_@ 5=a .= HP. E* C#r"!#to o-'r+ "on !n+ "+r2+ "#r"!*+nt' ' 76 8 (! -ro!"to !' r'o(+ ' (! "*+(#4#"+or ;+"#+ '* "#r"!#to ' 4*ot+"#$n '( !n+ -!*-+ ' 7 ' ($*#o( "on !n+ 2r+n!*o,'tr3+ ' &7766 ,+**+(.
3.3 C&0?,0;'(?)0 G'()%;')?(. L+ '("+r2+ '* ,o*#no 9a@9a "on !n+ 2r+n!*o,'tr3+ ' )6 76 ,+**+( 8 'n(#+ ' 5&)6 2r+,o( -or *#tro '( (o,'t#+ + !n+ o-'r+"#$n ' "on"'ntr+"#$n 2r+1#,tr#"+ 'n !n JIG D!-*'@ t#-o D',1'r ' )_@57_ 5.6 HP. E(t+ '("+r2+ ,'#+nt' !n+( 1*1!*+( '(-'"#+*'( '(+r'n+or+( 'n 4or,+ "on(t+nt' '( "+n+*#?+o + *+( ,'(+( 1#r+tor#+( !' '(tn + "ont#n!+"#$n. E* r+#o ' "on"'ntr+"#$n '* J#2 '( ' ):5
39
3.4 TRATAMIENTO DE CONCENTRADOS GRAVIMETRICOS L+ '("+r2+ '* 0#2 '( tr+t++ o "on"'ntr++ 'n o( ,'(+( 1#r+tor#+( #(-!'(t+( 'n -+r+*'*o. L+ -r#,'r+ 8 ('2!n+ ,'(+ 2r+1#,tr#"+ t#-o W#*4*'8 7a @ a S+nt+ Fort!n+ +,o( "on ,otor'( ' 6./ H.P. ' '(t+( '* "on"'ntr+o (on tr+t+o( 'n *+or+tor#o 'n ,o*#no t#-o +t"; -+r+ (! r'"!-'r+"#$n 8 '* -ro!"to ' *+( "o*+( (on r'torn+o( + tr+1( ' !n+ o,+ +* "#r"!#to 8 +(3 (' ;+"' !n "#r"!#to "'rr+o ' *+( "o*+( -ro!"to( ' *+( ,'(+( 1#r+tor#+( '(t+( 1+n +* "#r"!#to ' 4*ot+"#$n. En *o( ,o*#no( ' *+or+tor#o t#-o +t"; (' "+r2+ *o( -ro!"to( ' *+( ,'(+( ;+(t+ 566 ]2. +2r'2+no ,'r"!r#o r'+"t#1o( ' *#,-#'?+ -+r+ *+ -rot'""#$n '* ,'r"!r#o. C+*
:
566 2r.
D't'r.
:
76 2r.
L'03+
:
)6 2r.
A,+*2. :
5 ;or+
3.5 FLOTACIÓN DE MINERALES AURÍFEROS E* "*+(#4#"+or ;'*#"o#+* r'"#' '* r'*+1' '* JIG ;+"#'no r'torn+r '* 2r!'(o +* ,o*#no 8 '* 4#no + *+( "'*+( ' 4*ot+"#$n o(#4#"+no *o( r'+"t#1o( ' @+nt+to +,3*#"o ' (o#o >= "o,o -ro,otor 8 +"'#t' ' -#no "o,o '(-!,+nt' + *+ 'ntr++ ' *+ C'*+ Un#t+r#+
"on !n
+*#,'nt+or ' r'+"t#1o( M+2'n(+ t#-o D!-*'@ ' 6.9 HP. Un+ C'*+ !n#t+r#+ NZ 5 r'"#' '* 4#no '* "*+(#4#"+or "!8o r'*+1' r'"#' *+ (#2!#'nt' C'*+ Un#t+r#+ NZ 7 8 '* r'*+1' ' '(t+ -+(+ + = "'*+( COMESA NZ 5 #(tr#!#o( 'n o( "'*+( ro!n2;'r tr'( "'*+( 40
("+1'n2'r 8 !n+ "'*+ "o,o C*'+n'r. A""#on+o( -or tr'( ,otor'( ' =.= HP. r'!"tor ' -+*'t+( NZ &/= 8 956/. E* "on"'ntr+o ' 4*ot+"#$n (' ot#'n' ' *+ C'*+ Un#t+r#+ NZ 5 NZ 7 8 ' *+( tr'( "'*+( Ro!n2;'r "on !n *+ *'8 ' 9/./ 2r. D' oro -or ton'*++ !' '( ('#,'nt+o 'n o( t+n!'( ' 9a@9a "on "+-+"#+ ' +*,+"'n+0' ' 9 TMS "!. P+r+ ('r tr+t+o -o(t'r#or,'nt' 'n *+ ('""#$n ' "#+n!r+"#$n. E* r'*+1' ' 4*ot+"#$n '( '* r'*+1' 4#n+* ' *+ -*+nt+ ' 'n'4#"#o '* "!+* (' tr+n(-ort+ -or 2r+1'+ ;+"#+ "ono '(+2!+or '* "!+* #(tr#!8' *+ "+r2+ 'ntr' 2r!'(o( 8 4#no( -+r+ ('r '-o(#t+o( 'n *+ "+n";+ "on "+-+"#+ -or '* ,o,'nto ' 566 TM.
X(0;(;& ):&*'&*))?& +, :&+)& 7Z<9. S' !t#*#?+ "o,o "o*'"tor -+r+ *+ 4*ot+"#$n '* oro n+t#1o 8 *o( (!*4!ro( +!r34'ro(. E* "on(!,o -+r+ !n tr++0o '4#"#'nt' '( ' 6.7 ]2. Ton. S' +*#,'nt+ #*!8'no +* 56 'n '* r'o(' '* "*+(#4#"+or **'2+no (! "on(!,o + *o( .6 ]2. -or 3+.
A?,);, +, P)0&. S' !t#*#?+ "o,o '(-!,+nt' 'n *+ 4*ot+"#$n '* oro n+t#1o 8 *o( (!*4!ro( +!r34'ro(. E* "on(!,o -+r+ !n tr++0o '4#"#'nt' '( ' 6.5= ]2. Ton. S' +*#,'nt+ (#n #*!#r 'n '* r'o(' '* "*+(#4#"+or **'2+no + (! "on(!,o + *o( =.7 ]2. -or 3+.
41
3. COSEC"A Y TRATAMIENTO DE PRODUCTO AMALGAMA Un+ 1'( tr+t++( -or r',o*#'n+ 'n ,o*#no( t#-o +t"; ' *+or+tor#o '(t+( (' '("+r2+ *+ -!*-+ "ont'n#+ "on +,+*2+,+ -+(+ + *+ o-'r+"#$n '* +t'o En *+ ,+8or3+ ' *+( -*+nt+( 'n *+ -'!'+ ,#n'r3+ (' r'+*#?+ '(t' -ro"'(o "on !n+ +t'+. E(t' '( ,!8 *'nto '-'n#'no ' *+ ;+#*#+ '* o-'r+or *+( -r#+( ' ,'r"!r#o 8 +,+*2+,+ -!''n ('r +*t+(. (#no !'+ *+ +*t'rn+t#1+ ' '* ;#ro('-+r+or o '*!tr#+or '( !n +-+r+to (#,-*' -+r+ ('-+r+r +,+*2+,+ ' +r'n+( n'2r+( 8 -#r#t+( '(-!( ' *+ +,+*2+,+"#$n '* oro.
3.! REFOGADO DE LA AMALGAMA P+r+ -r'1'n#r *+( "on('"!'n"#+( -'rn#"#o(+( '* ,+* !(o '* ,'r"!r#o (' !t#*#?+ 'n 4or,+ r'2!*+r 8 o*#2+tor#+ *+ r'tort+.
S' "o*o"+ *+ +,+*2+,+ 'n '* "r#(o* 'n1o*1#no*o 'n -+-'* -'r#$#"o -+r+ !' no (' -'2!' 'n '* ,#(,o.
E* !',+o ' *+ +,+*2+,+ "on '* (o-*'t' '' ;+"'r(' +* +#r' *#r'.
C!+no '* "r#(o* (' -on' 'n ro0o 8 8+ no "+'n 2ot+( ' ,'r"!r#o 'n '* '-$(#to "on +2!+.
S' ,+nt#'n' + 4!'2o '* (o-*'t' !no( + 56 ,#n!to( ,( -+r+ +('2!r+r(' !' too '* 2+( ;+ (+*#o.
C!+no *+ r'tort+ 'n4r3+ (' +r' *+ t+-+
8 (' 2o*-'+
(!+1','nt' '* t!o -+r+ !' (+*2+ *+( *t#,+( -'r*+( ' ,'r"!r#o. L+ '(-on0+ ' oro !'+ 'n '* 4ono '* "r#(o*. 42
3.#CONTROL DE PROCESO E* "ontro* '* -ro"'(o (' r'+*#?+ 'n *+( #4'r'nt'( ('""#on'( 'ntro ' -*+nt+ (' -!'' '"#r !' '( '* "ontro* ' "+*#+ 'ntro ' "!+*!#'r #n!(tr#+ '(t+( (' +(+n 'n *o( #4'r'nt'( -ro"'#,#'nto( ' ,!'(tr'o "on(t+nt'( 8 r'2!*+r'( !r+nt' to+ *+ o-'r+"#$n 8 +(3 ot'n'r ,!'(tr+( r'-r'('nt+t#1+( '* *ot' '(to **'1+ + -rono(t#"+r *+( "+r+"t'r3(t#"+( '* too -+r+ to,+r '"#(#on'( ' t#-o t"n#"o 8 '"on$,#"o 8 '(t+( (on: M!'(tr'o 'n 4+0+ N 65-ro!"to ' *+ o-'r+"#$n ' ";+n"+o -+r+ (! 't'r,#n+"#$n ' (! *'8 8 +n*#(#( ' ,+**+. M!'(tr'o 'n 4+0+ N 67 -+r+ (! 't'r,#n+"#$n ' (! *'8 -+r+ '* "*"!*o ' +*#,'nt+"#$n +* ,o*#no 8 ,!'(tr'o -+r+ +n*#(#( ' ,+**+. M!'(tr'o 'n *+ '("+r2+ '* ,o*#no -+r+ +n*#(#( ' ,+**+. Contro* ' 'n(#+ 'n *+ '("+r2+ '* ,o*#no. M!'(tr'o ' '("+r2+ 'n '* o1'r 4*o r'o(' '* "*+(#4#"+or -+r+ 't'r,#n+"#$n ' *'8 8 +n*#(#( ' ,+**+. Contro* ' 'n(#+ 'n '* r'o(' '* "*+(#4#"+or. M!'(tr'o ' '("+r2+ ' +r'n+( o !n'r 4*o -+r+ +n*#(#( ' ,+**+. M!'(tr'o '* "on"'ntr+o ' 4*ot+"#$n. Contro* ' 'n(#+ 'n '* "on"'ntr+o -+r+ 't'r,#n+"#$n '* ton'*+0' ' "on"'ntr+"#$n. M!'(tr'o ' r'*+1' 4#n+* '* -ro"'(o ' 4*ot+"#$n.
43
3. PAR6METROS OPERATIVOS Lo( -+r,'tro( ' o-'r+"#$n 'n *+ ('""#$n ' ,o*#'n+ 8 4*ot+"#$n (on. A*#,'nt+"#$n +* ,o*#no 9a @ 9a V 6.)& TMHr. <'*o"#+ ' 4+0+ +*#,'nt+or+ V ) P#'( ,#n!to. P'(o ' *+ ,!'(tr+ 'n *+ 4+0+ V 7666 2r. D'n(#+ 'n '("+r2+ ' ,o*#no 9a @ 9a V 5&66 + 5)66 D'n(#+ 'n '* o1'r 4*o V 556 + 5766
3.1 FLO S"ET Tolva de Gruesos
r
Molino Tipo $ac"h
o d Chancadora 8” x 10”
a c
Tolva de Finos
i f i s a
%la"eo
l C Molino 4’ x4’
&efogado
'ro %roduc"o
Jig Duplex
Celdas de flo"aci#n
&elaves
Mesa i!ra"ori
$o(!a
Tra(pas para &elave de )(alga(aci#n
44
3.11 BALANCE METALRGICO CUADRO N 2 BALANCE DE PLANTA
CUADRO N 3 EFICIENCIA DE RENDIMIENTO EN LAS MESAS
CUADRO N 4
45
BALANCE DE CIRCUITO DE AMALGAMACIÓN EN BATC"
CAPITULO IV
DESCRIPCIÓN Y OPTIMIZACION DEL PROCESO DE PRODUCCIÓN DE ORO
En '* -r'('nt' "+-3t!*o (' 't'r,#n+r+n *o( #('o( ' *o( '!#-o( + #n"*!#r 'n '* "#r"!#to ' r',o*#'n+ 8 +,+*2+,+"#$n "ont#n!+ -+r+ '**o( no( 1+*',o( ' *+( 4#";+( t"n#"+( ' *+ ',-r'(+ -ro1''or+ ' *o( '!#-o( -+r+ *+ #,-*','nt+"#$n ' '(t+ n!'1+ ('""#$n 'n *+ -*+nt+ ' 'n'4#"#o Co,!n# 75.
4.1 CIRCUITO DE REMOLIENDA Y AMALGAMACIÓN CONTINUA
46
E* "on"'ntr+o '* J#2 -r'1#+,'nt' -+(+ + !n+ r',o*#'n+ 'n !n ,o*#no Cont#n!o ' 7a@a "on "+-+"#+ o-'r+t#1+ ' 7. T,. -or 3+. S'2!#+,'nt' -+(+ + !n tr+-#";' Mo*#no C;#*'no ' 6.&6 ",. ' #,'tro ' r!'+ "on "+-+"#+ o-'r+t#1+ ' 7. TM -or 3+ '* ,o*#no ";#*'no "!,-*' *+ 4!n"#$n ' r',o*#'n+ 8 + *+ 1'? ' +,+*2+,+or '* r'*+1' -ro!"#o '* Mo*#no C;#*'no -+(+ + !n A,+*2+,+or Cont#n!o ' 7a@a ('2!#+,'nt' '* r'*+1' -ro!"#o ' '(t+ -+(+ + !n+ o,+ ' *oo( ' 7_@7_ ;+"#'no r'torn+r '* r'*+1' +* C*+(#4#"+or ;'*#"o#+* -+r+ "ont#n!+r '* "#r"!#to ' 4*ot+"#$n 8 4or,+no +(3 !n "#r"!#to "'rr+o '* r'*+1' ' +,+*2+,+"#$n. Ant'( ' #n#"#+r '* -ro"'(o ' +,+*2+,+"#$n '( 'n '* Mo*#no C;#*'no 8 'n '* A,+*2+,+or
'n *+ "!+* (' +#"#on+ ,'r"!r#o ,'t*#"o -+r+ *+
"on"'ntr+"#$n '* ,'t+* -r'"#o(o 'n !n *+-(o ' t#',-o ,+t'r#+ '* '(t!#o ;or+( ' 4!n"#$n -+r+ +(3 '("+r2+r*+ '* Mo*#no C;#*'no 8 '* A,+*2+,+or Cont#n!o on' '* -ro!"to '( P*+t'+o ot'n#no(' +,+*2+,+ ' oro !' *!'2o '( -!'(t+ 'n *+ r'tort+ -+r+ 1o*+t#*#?+r 8 r'"!-'r+r '* ,'r"!r#o ot'n#'no !n oro r'4o2+o ' /6 ' *'8.
4.2 DISEO DE EHUIPOS 4.2.1 DISEO DE MOLINO
47
4.2.2 DISEO DE MOLINO C"ILENO O TRAPIC"E
4.2.3 DISEO DEL AMALGAMADOR
48
4.2.4 DISEO Y SELECCIÓN DE BOMBA
4.2.5 DISEO DEL ELUTREADOR
D#('o ' r'tort+ Pr#,'ro '* r'+ ' "on'n(+"#$n -+r+ '* ,'r"!r#o (' ,+nt'nr *o ,( -'!'+ -o(#*' -+r+ ,#n#,#?+r (! -r#+ '#o + *+ +;'(#$n ' 2ot+( 4#n+( ' ,'r"!r#o 'n *+ -+rt' #nt'rn+ ' *+ r'tort+. Por '0',-*o '* t!o ' r'4r#2'r+"#$n '' ('r ' !n #,'tro -'!'o 8 ;'";o ' 4#'rro o +"'ro '#o + !' '* "or' o *,#n+( ' ?#n" (' +,+*2+,+r3+n 49
"on '* ,'r"!r#o. E* #nt'r#or '* t!o '' ('r ,!8 *#(o -+r+ no 4r'n+r '* '(*#?+,#'nto '* ,'r"!r#o. A -'(+r ' #";+( -r'"+!"#on'( +*2!no( o*#t+( 4#n+( ' ,'r"!r#o -or3+n -'r,+n'"'r 'n *+ r'tort+ *+ "!+* '' ('r *+1++ -+r+ r'"!-'r+r*o(. E* "#'rr' '* r'"#-#'nt' '( otro 't+**' "r3t#"o. No #,-ort+ ! t#-o ' r'tort+ (' !t#*#"' '* "r#t'r#o ,( #,-ort+nt' '( '* "#'rr' ;'r,t#"o. S# (' 1' !' !n+ r'tort+ t#'n' !n+ 4!2+ -r#,'ro (' '' tr+t+r ' ;'r,'t#?+r '* "#'rr' ,'"n#"+,'nt' *#,+r *#0+r 't". (# '(to no r'(!*t+ (' -!'' +-*#"+r !n+ ,'?"*+ ;,'+ ' +r"#**+ 8 "'n#?+ +nt'( ' *+ '(t#*+"#$n. L+ +r"#**+ no '' t'n'r 2r+no 2r!'(o. L+( r'tort+( ,( (#,-*'( ;'";+( ' +""'(or#o( ' t!'r3+( ' t#-o "o,'r"#+* +"o-*+,#'nto( 8 ('""#on'( ' t!'r3+ t#'n'n "#'rt+( '(1'nt+0+( 'n "!+nto + (! 4+"#*#+ ' ,+n'0o. E(t' t#-o ' r'tort+ r(t#"+ t#'n' + '(+rro**+r 4!2+(.
50
4.3 FIC"A TCNICA DE LOS EHUIPOS.
51
52
4.4 BALANCE DE ENERGÍA ELCTRICA. CUADRO N 5 BALANCE DE ENERGÍA
4.5 BALANCE DE METALRGICO
CUADRO N BALANCE DE PLANTA
53
CUADRO N ! BALANCE DE LA SECCIÓN DE REMOLIENDA EN LA SECCIÓN DE AMALGAMACIÓN CONTINUA OPTIMIZADO
CUADRO N #
CUADRO COMPARATIVO
54
4. CALCULO DEL FLUJO
Tot+* ' A2!+ Hr
V 6. MHr
Tot+* ' A2!+ D3+
V 5.7 MD3+
55
4.! FLO S"ET Tolva de Gruesos
r o d Chancadora 8” x 10”
a c
Tolva de Finos *+ 1
i f i s a
Tolva *+ ,
l C Molino 4’ x4’
Molino ,’ x -’
Trapiche
Jig Duplex
Celdas de flo"aci#n
&elaves
Concen"rado Jig
)(alga(ador
-"%a
Tra(pa de relaves de )(alga(aci#n
56
4.# DISEO DE PRUEBAS EXPERIMENTALES 4.#.1 DISEO FACTORIAL DE PRUEBAS DE AMALGAMACIÓN. A. V(')(,:
INDICADORES Gr+n!*o,'tr3+
ÍNDICES 569 + 56 c
A,+*2+,+"#$n '* oro 'n D'n(#+ *+
5.&)6 + 5.)6
M#n'r+ T#',-o ' +,+*2+,+"#$n
Cor-or+"#$n
7 A 57 Hr(.
An+n'+ Un#+ Co,!n# 75 R#n"on++ P!no b 2. D'-'n#'nt'<
E4#"#'n"#+ ' r'"!-'r+"#$n L'8 'n *+ r'"!-'r+"#$n
Y =7
L'8 'n '* r'*+1'
O-t#,#?+"#$n
. <+r#+*' #nt'r,'#+
D#(tr#!"#$n 'n "+r2+ ' o*+(.
d 76 ]2r(.
C+!+* ' +*#,'nt+"#$n.
5. L#tro(M#n!to(
<'*o"#+ ' 2#ro '* 1o*+nt' 'n
76 RPM
'* tr+-#";'.
B. CONDICIONES DE LAS VARIABLES EN ESTUDIO
A V
Gr+n!*o,'tr3+
:
N#1'*
+1
N#1'* \
569
57&
56
5)6
5)6
1 V 7 B V
D'n(#+
:
5&)6
1 V 7
C V
T#',-o
:
7
&
57
1 V
57
S' +-*#"+r+ '* #('o 4+"tor#+* 7 Don': 7 V ) ('rn *o( 'n(+8o( + '4'"t!+r('.
C.
COMBINACIONES
EXPERIMENTALES
DEL
DISEO
FACTORIAL
CUADRO N ! COMBINACIONES EXPERIMENTALES
< DETERMINACIÓN DE LOS EFECTOS A V E4'"to Gr+n V /.&\9/.9.)\5.=).&\=.9==.7\=7.& 7 5
A V E4'"to Gr+n V /. 9
A E@,?;& 7G'(09 < 2.325
B V E4'"to D'n( V /.&9/.\9.)\5.=).&=.9\==.7\=7.& 7 5 58
B V E4'"to D'n( V 5/.5 9
B E@,?;& 7D,0:9 < 4.!!5
C V E4'"to T#',-o V /.&9/.9.)5.\=).&\=.9\==.7\=7.& 7 5 C V E4'"to T#',-o V ). 9
C E@,?;& 7T),%*&9 14.25
< INTERACCIONES AB V 9.97 AC V 5.6& BC V 7.5& ABC V 9.7
En '* "!+* (' ot'nr *+ (#2!#'nt' '"!+"#$n:
Y
K
1
X1 K 2 X2 K
3
A!3 (' ot'nrn *o( 1+*or'(
X3
1
2
8
3
*o( !' (on
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E. AN6LISIS E INTERPRETACIÓN DE RESULTADOS
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67
4. PROCEDIMIENTO PARA DETERMINACIÓN DE VARIABLES
4..1 AN6LISIS GRANULOMTRICO. E( !n+ o-'r+"#$n ' ('-+r+"#$n -or t+,+o( ' -+rt3"!*+ '(t+ (' -!''n '4'"t!+r 'n ('"o o 'n ;,'o. L+( t'*+( o ,+**+( ' +*+,r' t'0#o ,( 4#n+( !' (' 4+r#"+n t#'n'n +2!0'ro( "!+r+o( "!8+ *on2#t! ' *+o '( ,!";o ,'nor !' 5 ,,. A(3 '* t'0#o "ono"#o "on '* no,r' ' k ,+**+ 766 k 8 !' (#r1' ' -+tr$n o t+*$n o St+n+r !n#1'r(+*,'nt' +"'-t+o t#'n' +'rt!r+( "!+r++( -'!'3(#,+( (#'no *+ #,'n(#$n '* *+o '* "!+r+o ' 6.6&9 ' ,#*3,'tro( o ('+ 6.667/ -!*2++(. E(t+ ,+**+ 766 !' (' ',-*'+ "orr#'nt','nt' 'n *o( *+or+tor#o( ' -r!'+ ' to+( *+( -*+nt+( ,'t+*r2#"+( no '( (#n ',+r2o *+ ,( 4#n+ !' -!'' 4+r#"+r('. 68
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'("+r2+ '* ,#(,o 8 t+,#n "on *o( '!#-o( #n"*!#o( "o,o '( 'n *+ +*#,'nt+"#$n +* ,o*#no 'n *+ '("+r2+ '* ,o*#no 8 *+ '("+r2+ ' +,+*2+,+or '* "#r"!#to ' r',o*#'n+ 8 +,+*2+,+"#$n "ont#n!+ !' '( ,+t'r#+ '* '(t!#o -r'('nt'. Too( '(to( r'(!*t+o( no( ('rn ' !t#*#+ -+r+ '* '(t!#o 8 "ontro* ' *+( o-'r+"#on'( 'n '(t' "#r"!#to. Un+ 1'( r'+*#?+o '* ,!'(tr'o + "ont#n!+"#$n (' -ro"'' + ('"+r *+ ,!'(tr+ -or ('-+r+o "++ !n+ ' '**+( -'(+o '* tot+* ' ,!'(tr+ -+r+ *!'2o -ro"''r +* t+,#?+o 'n '* n#o ' t+,#? '*'2#o 'n '(t+ o-ort!n#+ "on +8!+ ' +2!+ (# '( n'"'(+r#o -+r+ *!'2o -'(+r 8 +not+r *o( -'(o( r't'n#o( 'n *+( #4'r'nt'( ,+**+(.
4..2 DETERMINACIÓN DE LA DENSIDAD
70
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71
4..3 DETERMINACIÓN DEL TIEMPO DE AMALGAMACIÓN L*+,+o t+,#n "#nt#"+ ' +,+*2+,+"#$n 'n '(to (' 't'r,#n+ *o( t#',-o( ' +,+*2+,+"#$n -+r+ '* '(t!#o '* -r'('nt' tr++0o 'n '(to 't'r,#n+r',o( t#',-o ' +,+*2+,+"#$n 'n '* tr+-#";' o ,o*#no ";#*'no -or ('r ,+t'r#+ ' '(t!#o -+r+ '**o (' t#'n' '(!',+t#?+o *o( #4'r'nt'( r'(!*t+o( 'n '* "!+ro (#2!#'nt'.
< M(;,')(,:. Crono,'tro.
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72
4..4 DETERMINACIÓN DE LA LEY DEL ORO POR VÍA "MEDA 7 V" 9. S' *' 'no,#n+ +(3 + *+ ,o*#'n+ 'n +t"; ' !n 't'r,#n+o ,!'(tr+ !' (' '('+ 't'r,#n+r 'n *+ -*+nt+ ' 'n'4#"#o Co,!n# 75 (' 't'r,#n+n *'8'( + *+( ,!'(tr+( ' ,#n+ 8 *+( ' -*+nt+ !' (on n'"'(+r#+( "o,o (on *+ ,!'(tr+ ' "+'?+ 2'n'r+* ,!'(tr+ ' "on"'ntr+o 0#2( too( '(to( -or 13+ ;,'+.
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73
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CAPITULO V IMPACTO CAUSADO POR OPERACIONES 5.1 SITUACIÓN ACTUAL DEL MEDIO AMBIENTE.
74
S# "on(#'r+,o( '* ,'#o +,#'nt' "o,o !n (#(t',+ "o,-!'(to !' r'+*,'nt' '(t+ too +2*o,'r+o "on *+ -o*+"#$n ' "'ntro -o*+o ,'nor ' L!n+r ' Oro t+n #2!+* "'ntro -o*+o ,'nor *+ R#n"on++ -or !' no "!'nt+ "on *!2+r'( '(-'"34#"o( -+r+ '-$(#to( ' ot+'ro *'tr#n+('(+2l' +2!+ on' *+ -o*+"#$n "+r'"' ' *+( n'"'(#+'( +nt'( ,'n"#on+o. L+ r'*+"#$n '* ;o,r' 8 '* ,'#o +,#'nt' *+or+* '* "!+* 4or,+ -+rt' ' (! ,'#o +,#'nt' ' 1#+ ''n ('r "on"'#+( "on r'*+"#on'( (#"+( ' ;o,r' *+ ,+!#n+ 8 '* ,'#o +,#'nt'. Por *o "!+* t+,#n 'n '(t' 8+"#,#'nto *+ -o*+"#$n (' (!,+n +-ro@#,++,'nt' ' 7666 ;+#t+nt'( on' (' ++(t'"'n '* 8+"#,#'nto M#n'ro ' L+ Cor-or+"#$n M#n'r+ An+n'+ S.A. En "on(#'r+"#$n *+ -o*+"#$n n'"'(#t+ *+ r'!#"+"#$n !' -or '(t+r !#"++( (or' '* 8+"#,#'nto o 'n ?on+( ' tr++0o !' ('2n '* r'2*+,'nto no (' "!,-*'. Gr+"#+( + *+ +*t!r+ !' o("#*+ 'ntr' 9&)6 ,.(.n.,. ;+(t+ 666 ,.(.n.,. -or #nt'n(o 4r3o no (' "r'+ n#n2!n+ 'n4'r,'+ 8 '-#',#+( -or !' *+ -o*+"#$n '(t+ '@-!'(to + *+( (!(t+n"#+( no"#1+( !' #+r#+,'nt' (' +"!,!*+ "o,o +(!r'ro( 'n too *o( *!2+r'( '* 8+"#,#'nto.
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75
Por t+* "+(o t+,#n ;+"'n '(t!#o( ' "ont+,#n+"#$n +,#'nt+* 8 ' +2!+( (!t'rrn'+( *+( #n(t#t!"#on'( ' CTARPUNO INRENA UNI
5.2 RESIDUOS TRATAMIENTO Y SU ALMACENAMIENTO. E* -r#n"#-+* r'(#!o '* -ro"'(+,#'nto !' 2'n'r+ *+ -*+nt+ ' 'n'4#"#o Co,!n# 75 '( '* r'*+1' '* ,#(,o !' '( "on!"#o + tr+1( ' !n+ t!'r3+ ' 9_ ' #,'tro ;+(t+ !n '-$(#to ' r'*+1'( (#t!+o + =6 ,'tro( ' *+ -*+nt+. En !n 1o*!,'n #n#"#+* ' 79 TMD3+ !' ('r "*+(#4#"+o ,'#+nt' '* (#(t',+ ' "#"*on'o -+r+ *+ #(-o(#"#$n ' *o( 2r!'(o( 'n *+( -+rt'( -'r#,tr#"+( !' 4or,+n *+( "r'(t+( 8 *o( 4#no( #(tr#!#o( 'n *+( -+rt'( -o(t'r#or'( 4or,+no '* '(-'0o ' +2!+ 8 -or r'o(' +-ro1'";+no *+ 2r+1'+ (on '1+"!+o( + *+ -o?+ ' ('#,'nt+"#$n 8 4#n+*,'nt' ' +!3 +* "!'r-o r'"'-tor "+n+* !' "on!"' +2!+( ' ,#n+ !(++( -or *+( o-'r+"#on'( ' otr+( ',-r'(+( ' *+ ?on+. L+ "+n";+ +"t!+* ;+ (#o -rot'2#+ 'n '* -#' '* t+*! -or '* ,!ro ' "on"r'to +r,+o ',-*+?+o 'n ro"+. L+ 1#+ t#* !' *' r'(t+ + *+ r'*+1'r+ -+r+ '* +*,+"'n+,#'nto '( +-ro@#,++,'nt' ' tr'( +o( 8 ;+#no(' #n#"#+o *+ '1+*!+"#$n ' !n+ 4!t!r+ +,-*#+"#$n 8 o #n(t+*+"#$n ' !n+ n!'1+ "+n";+ ' r'*+1'( ('2!r+ 8 '4#"#'nt'. Lo( '('";o( -ro!"#o( 'n *+ -*+nt+ ' 'n'4#"#o Co,!n# 75 "o,o "on('"!'n"#+ ' *+( o-'r+"#on'( ,'t+*r2#"+( (on: R'*+1'( "on "ont'n#o ' ,'r"!r#o -ro1'n#'nt' '* -ro"'(o ' +,+*2+,+"#$n. 76
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5.3 DESCRIPCIÓN DE LA CANC"A DE RELAVES C+' ,'n"#on+r !' '(' +nt'( ' #n#"#+r (!( +"t#1#+'( no (o*o *+ Cor-or+"#$n M#n'r+ An+n'+ S.A. (#no t+,#n '* Jo#nt <'nt!r' M#n'r+ An+n'+ 8+ '@#(t3+ *+ "+n";+ ' r'*+1'( -or *o !' no (' "!'nt+ "on '* #('o or#2#n+* (#n ',+r2o 'n "!,-*#,#'nto ' *+( nor,+( 1#2'nt'( (or' '(t+#*#+ 43(#"+ ' '-$(#to ' r'*+1'( '* Jo#nt <'nt!r' M#n'r+ ;+ '0'"!t+o or+( ' '(t+#*#?+"#$n 8 r'n+0'( '* +"t!+* '-$(#to ' r'*+1'( ,( !n+ -o?+ '"+nt+"#$n o ('#,'nt+"#$n "on +r,+!r+ ' +"'ro ' tr'( "o,-+rt#,'nto( +* -#' ' #";+ "+n";+. E* -ro8'"to ;+ (#o r'+*#?+o -or *+ 4#r,+ CONIMASA -or 'n"+r2o ' *+ E,-r'(+ M#n'r+ -+r+ 't'r,#n+r *+ '(t+#*#+ 43(#"+ ' *+ r'*+1'r+ '@#(t'n (! "#,'nt+"#$n 8 '* +(+,'nto ro"o(o 'n !' (' 4!n+r+ ' +"!'ro +* R'2*+,'nto N+"#on+* ' "on(tr!""#on'( '* ITINTEC 8 Nor,+( ' ASTM '(+rro**no(' -+r+ '**o *o( +n*#(#( ' '(t+#*#+ '(tt#"+ 8 ('!o'(tt#"+ '* +"t!+* '-$(#to "on(#'r+no '* ,o'*o 2'o,'"n#"o +'"!+o -+r+ (!-'r4#"#'( ' 4+**+ "on ,'nor'( 1+*or'( ' 4+"tor'( ' ('2!r#+ '(t+*'"#no(' '* t#-o ' r!-t!r+ -ot'n"#+* 8 '* ,'"+n#(,o ' 4+**+ '* t+*! -r#n"#-+* *o "!+* -'r,#t#$ "ono"'r *+ 'n1'r2+!r+ ' *+ or+ ' '(t+#*#?+"#$n !' ;+3+ !' '0'"!t+r(' "o,o '( '* ,!ro ' (o(t'n#,#'nto '4#n#t#1o ' "on"r'to +r,+o -ro1#(to ' r'n+0'( !#"+o( 'tr( '* ,!ro '+0o '* ,+t'r#+ ' r'*+1'
77
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5.4 PLAN DE CIERRE Y RE"ABILITACIÓN DEL PROYECTO E* -'r#oo ' "#'rr' (' #n#"#+ "!+no (' "'(+n *+( +"t#1#+'( '@tr+"t#1+( ' *+ '@-*ot+"#$n ,#n'r+ "on('"!'nt','nt' -+r+*#?++ *+( +"t#1#+'( ' -ro"'(+,#'nto ' *+ P*+nt+ ' B'n'4#"#o 8 '("+r2+( ' r'*+1'( '4'"t!+r+n *+ ,'#+( n'"'(+r#+( -+r+ *+ '(t+#*#?+"#$n 43(#"+ 8 !3,#"+ -o(t "*+!(!r+ t+* !' ('+n *o( (!4#"#'nt','nt' '(t+*'( -+r+ +*"+n?+r '* '(t+o ' ++nono (#n '* r'!'r#,#'nto ' -o(t'r#or'( ,on#tor'o(.
E* tr+t+,#'nto '4'"t!+o (or' '(t+#*#+ 43(#"+ ,!ro ' "ont'n"#$n +n"*+o r'n+0' -+r+ +2!+( (!-'r4#"#+*'( -#'?$,'tro #n(t+*+o 8 -o?+ ' ('#,'nt+"#$n r'"o,'n+o 8 '0'"!t+o -or *+ E,-r'(+ CONIMASA -+r+ (o-ort+r !n 1o*!,'n +-ro@#,+o ' 5 966 , ' r'*+1'( 'n *+ +"t!+* "+n";+ ' r'*+1'( !' 'ntro ' +-ro@#,++,'nt' ' 5 +o '' 'ntr+r 'n '(!(o +* "!,-*#r (! 1#+ t#* +* ,#(,o r#t,o !' 1#'n' o-'r+no t#'n' "o,o 4+"tor ,!8 #,-ort+nt' -+r+ *+ 't+-+ ' "*+!(!r+ *+ r'"!-'r+"#$n 8 o r';+#*#t+"#$n ' *+ (!-'r4#"#' '* #n#"+o '-$(#to
78
'1#t+no *o( '4'"to( 'ro(#on+nt'( '* 1#'nto 8 -r'"#-#t+"#on'( 4*!1#+*'( "+(o( ' "orr'nt#+ +""#'nt+* ' *+ "ontr+r#o (!"''rn +1'r(o( +* *#r+r(' -o*!"#$n -or +""#$n '$*#"+ tr+n(-ortno*o ;+"#+ '* "+,-+,'nto ,#n'ro 8 "'ntro( -o*+o( ,+( "'r"+no( +o !' *+ #r'""#$n '* 1#'nto '( ,!8 1+r#+o. Por *+( "+r+"t'r3(t#"+( "*#,+to*$2#"+( ' *+ ?on+ *+ '(t+#*#?+"#$n (!-'r4#"#+* ' *o( r'*+1'( (' ;+r "on *o( 4r+2,'nto( *#2'ro( ' ro"+( '(,ont' ,#n'ro *#,-#o o 2r+1+ "!r#'no 'n "+-+( '*2++( "on t#'rr+ ' '(ro"' !' -'r,#t+ *+ r'1'2't+"#$n n+t!r+* #n!"#+. Por !*t#,o -+r+ '* "#'rr' '4#n#t#1o ' *+( ',( #n(t+*+"#on'( (' -r'1 !' *o( (!'*o( #(t!r+o( -or '* '(,+nt'*+,#'nto 8 r',o"#$n ' '!#-o( ('rn r';+#*#t+o( ' *+ ,#(,+ ,+n'r+ -r'1#+ *#,-#'?+ -ro"!r+no ot'n'r '* -'r4#* #n#"#+*.
CAPITULO VI
INGENIERÍA ECONOMICA.
79
E* o0't#1o 4!n+,'nt+* '* -r'('nt' "+-#t!*o '( 't'r,#n+r *+ #n1'r(#$n r'!'r#+ -+r+ *+ #n(t+*+"#$n '* "#r"!#to ' r',o*#'n+ 8 +,+*2+,+"#$n "ont#n!+ +(3 "o,o '(t+*'"'r '* "o(to ' o-'r+"#$n !' ',+n+ '* -ro"'(o ' '(t+ ,+n'r+ "!+nt#4#"+,o( *o( ,r#to( '* '(t!#o 8 (! ,onto ' #n1'r(#$n.
L+ '(t#,+"#$n ' *+ #n1'r(#$n tot+* (' ;+ to,+o 'n +(' + *o( "o(to( !' ;+n r'2#o ;+(t+ 4#n'( '* +o 766 8 +o !' '* ,#(,o (' ;+ '4'"t!+o 'n $*+r'( +,'r#"+no(.
5.1 INVERSIONES.
5.1.1 INVERSIÓN EN ACTIVO FIJO CUADRO N 1 ACTIVO FIJO
80
5.1.2 INVERSIÓN EN CAPITAL DE TRABAJO. CUADRO N 11 CAPITAL DE TRABAJO
81
5.2 PRESU RESUP PUES UESTO 5.2. 5.2.11 COST COSTO O DE DE PRO PRODU DUCC CCIÓ IÓN N M+,o ' or+ #r'"t+
/&.6=
82
I,-*','nto( ' ('2!r#+ M+t'r#+*'(
=.99 =&.=6
In(!,o(
9&5.6/
S'r1#"#o(
5)9.5=
Otro(
6.66
TOTAL
55&=.
P+r+ !n tr+t+,#'nto ' &7 TMS ' Con"'ntr+o J#2.
C.P
C.P.
V C+-#t+* ' Tr++0o V
55&=.
TMS Tr+t++(
&7
V
5=.9 m TM.
5.3 AN6LIS AN6LISIS IS DEL DEL COSTO COSTO DE PROD PRODUCC UCCIÓN IÓN
P+r+ '* +n*#(#( '* "o(to ' -ro!""#$n + o-t#,#?+r(' (' -!'' '!"#r !' + ,+8or tr+t+,#'nto ' "on"'ntr+o 0#2 '* "o(to ' -ro!""#$n '( ,'nor ' *o (' ',!'(tr+ 'n *+ o-t#,#?+"#$n. Co,o (' ,!'(tr+ 'n '* 2r+4#"o (#2!#'nt'.
83
5.4 FINANCIAMIENTO E* 4#n+n"#+,#'nto r'"!r(o( -ro-#o( ' *+ ',-r'(+ Co,!n# 75.
84
CONCLUSIONES
1. S' 't' 't'r, r,#n #n+ + !' !' '* t#', t#',-o -o '( *+ 1+r#+ +r#+* *' ' ,( ,( (#2n (#2n#4#4#" #"+n +nt' t' ' #,-ort+nt' '* '(t!#o "o,o (' ',!'(tr+.
2. L+( 1+r#+*'( ' 2r+n!*o,'tr3+ 8 'n(#+ (' 't'r,#n+ !' no (on (#2n#4#"+nt'(.
3. D'ntro ' *+ o-t#,#?+"#$n 'n '* '(t!#o '"on$,#"o (' ',!'(tr+ !' '* "o(to( ' -ro!""#$n '( ,'nor 'n 56.=7 "!+no '* tr+t+,#'nto ' "on"'ntr+o 'n '(t' '(t' "#r"!#to (' #n"r','nt+ '* '* ton'*+0' tr+t+r.
85
RECOMENDACIONES
1. S' r'"o,#'n+ "r'+r !n *+or+tor#o ,'t+*r2#"o ' tr++0o -+r+ -*+nt+ 8 no r'+*#?+r *o( r'-ort'( ' *'8 ' ,#n+ 8 otro( 8 +(3 t'n'r *o( +n*#(#( ' -*+nt+ + t#',-o r'+*.
2. Lo( ,!'(tr'o( 'n '(t+ ('""#$n ' r',o*#'n+ 8 +,+*2+,+"#$n "ont#n!+ r'+*#?+r*o too( *o( 3+( 8 t!rno(.
86
