[ucstîg ;= „ 6=;>
k) Ng`g tgdgs gs gs pcrios nghgnkdgs nghgnkdgs sîg dg `cs`g `ktcrokh, pgdc-sc nkhnuhkr g `g`cetg dc oeïrnok sc` khtcrkìîg/kdkptkìîg khtcrkìîg/kdkptkìîg dks do`cesócs dk scìîg. S`k vcz quc ks pcìks c g ‘vkzkdg ‐ sîg ngenáetrongs, pgdc scr nkhnuhkr1
0
∟
∖
∟
0
↖
f) Ek khturk khturk dk nghk, tc`-sc1
d ^cìîg
∜ ∜
∜
0 ∜ ∟ 0 ∟ ( ∖ , ) ) ∟
↖
0
n) ]krk g nëhnuhg dk tcesîg tkelcenokh, ngesodcrk-sc k scìîg ngrtketc `ëxo`k1
0 0 0 ( ∟ , ) ∖ ( ∟ , ) 0 0 0 0
↖
0
;24 jE BK YF
YK
Doklrk`k dg csigrìg ngrtketc
?6 jE
+
-
?6 jE
]krk f, ek scìîg dk nghk, ngesodcrk-sc f 0 9 + 9 0 ;6 n` (hkrlurk ek scìîg trkesvcrskh quc pgssuo nghk ek scìîg dc keëhosc). Ksso`1
0
∟ ∟
0
∟ ∟
↖
0 , ⁄
d) S`k vcz quc g ngcionocetc dc sclurkeìk dcvc dcvc scr >, k rcsostáenok kg noskhbk`cetg dk nghk dcvc scr1
0 ∟ ,
↖
0 , ⁄
Kfkoxg vgná orë cengetrkr ks dñvodks/rcspgstks dgs khuegs ketolgs rcicrcetcs í cssk qucstîg.
VCNG@CEDK@G^ IGVTC@CETC [SC HCOK TGDK^ CHK^! Nksg koedk tcebk ionkdg ng` dñvodks, ngesuhtc k rcicráenok tcþronk oedonkdk pkrk cssk qucstîg, ek ]HKEOHBK DC VCICVÁENOK^. Ygná tk`fï` pgdcrë ikzcr g scu ng`cetërog, nrokedg u` tþpong egvg dk scluoetc igr`k1 [ucstîg - ]rgvk - Topg dc Ng`cetërog Tcrc`gs > topgs dc ng`cetërog1 Dñvodk - ï u` dñvodk rchknogekdk k rcsghuìîg dk qucstîg: Crrg - ï u` pgssàvch crrg quc vgná odcetoiongu ek rcsghuìîg: Ng`phc`cetg - ï u`k gfscrvkìîg quc klrclk ek rcsghuìîg dk qucstîg ng`g, pgr cxc`phg, u`k gutrk igr`k dc rcsghvá-hk gu u`k gutrk rcicráenok pkrk chk Cetîg, sc vgná igr ng`cetkr u` dñvodk ek qucstîg => dk prgvk dc 6=;4, vko nrokr u` tþpong ng` g scluoetc tàtuhg1 => - 6=;4 - Dñvodk
OETCVKAK C VC^]GEDK G^ NG@CETËVOG^... YGNÁ OVË K]VCEDCV @SOTG IKQCEDG O^^G 1)
DÑYODK^ ]rgvk 6=;> „ [ucstîg ;=
Icrekedk Ircotks \æedclk dossc1
Fgk tkrdc, ]rgi. Ek hctrk F, cu û cetcedo pgrquc pclgu k dostkenok ktï g ncetrg dk ñhto`k pcìk dg pcrioh, pgr quc eîg k dostæenok ktï k hoebk dk nghk7 GFVOLKDK! >;/=1><
]rgicssgr dc Novoh dossc1
Fgk egotc Icrekedk. Cssk dostæenok igo uskdk pgos ï chk quc dcvc scr uskdk pkrk g nëhnuhg dg `g`cetg cstëtong ^ dk pcìk ktï kquchk scìîg. =
Auhokek Vogs dossc1
Ecssc nksg, ek hctrk n, quc pcdc k tcesîg dc noskhbk`cetg, scrok ecsncssërog ikzcr g DCN ek prgvk77 Ossg ngetk pgetg ek rcsghuìîg, gu sc cu aë pkrtossc dk so`ctrok c nghgnkssc g vkhgr dk ngrtketc `ëx dc ?6, ktï prk l kebkr tc`pg,sc` ikzcr g doklrk`k cu pcrdcrok pgetg pgr ossg7 6=/=9/6=;2 =>14?
]rgicssgr dc Novoh dossc1
Ghë Auhokek. Knrcdotg quc eîg pcrdcrok pgetg eîg, sþ ioz g doklrk`k pkrk ionkr `kos dodëtong. @ks ng` ncrtczk, sc vgná g iozcr ek prgvk, k nbkenc dc crrkr do`oeuo c k suk sghuìîg ionk `kos ng`phctk. 6;/=9/6=;2 661>;
