[uostå` 1? ― >1;1
k) Qkrk ` s`d` (k), få` lë p`r`prosså`, p`is p`is få` lë F.K. kté k pr`hufcickco pr`hufcickco co ;1 g. D`m`,
7 7 ⁃ ∙ 7 ⁃ Qkrk ` s`d` (n), tog-so: ë
⏖ ∙ 7 ⁃ 7 ∙ + 7 ( ∞ ) ∙ 7 ⁃
7 +
7 ∙ + (∞) ∙ 7 ⁃
n) F` eks` (k) (k),, ugk voz quo quo ` torrof` é co s`d` rosicukd, kssugo-so quo ` FUQS co ekck fçvod covo sor odovkc`. Uofc` kssig, k prosofík c` ktorr`, cosco quo, nog oxoeutkc`, få` kdtorkrë simfihiektivkgofto k rimicoz c` s`d` o, p`rtkft`, k pr`nknidickco co rupturk e`g ugk hufckíå` rksk hiek rocuzick. Kpofks rupturk moforkdizkck é p`ssçvod. F` eks` (n) (n),, k prosofík co ugk ekgkck gkis rçmick e`gpketkck s`nro ugk ekgkck co krmidk g`do kugoftk k pr`nknidickco co `e`rrêfeik co ug ohoit` —ekgkck co mod` ‗, co tkd h`rgk quo, pkrk eëdeud` ck ekpkeickco co ekrmk, covo-so —pr`jotkr ‗ k ekrmk ck hufckíå` rksk s`nro k ekgkck gof`s rosistofto. Osso pr`eocigoft` rocuz mrkfcogofto ` vkd`r ck ekpkeickco co ekrmk. Kdég ciss`, lë prosofík co fçvod co ëmuk, co tkd h`rgk quo covo-so e`fsicorkr ` pos` ospoeçhie` ‾ c` s`d`, e`ftrinuifc` kifck gkis pkrk k rocuíå` ck ekpkeickco co ekrmk. Fosso eks`, k rupturk quo covorë `e`rror p`co sor tkft` k moforkdizkck qukft` k p`r pufei`fkgoft`, k copofcor c`s pkrîgotr`s ck krmidk g`do o c` ktorr`.
e) F` eks` (k) (k),, covo-so tor ug s`d` gkis rosistofto sog k ifhduêfeik ck ëmuk. Kssig, sumoro-so k utidizkíå` co skpktks (eks` co ocihçei`s co e`ferot` krgkc` e`fvofei`fkd) `u rkcior (eks` co ocihçei` co kdvofkrik ostruturkd). F` eks` (n) (n),, covo-so e`fsicorkr k prosofík co ëmuk o dovkr k hufckíå` kté ` fçvod co kroik, sofc` foeossërik, p`rtkft`, ugk hufckíå` pr`hufck
e`g osekvkíå` ostëvod o e`g n`k rosistêfeik co p`ftk. F` oftkft`, ugk voz quo ` ocihçei` covorë sor co kpofks quktr` pkvigoft`s, sumoro-so k utidizkíå` co ostkek lédieo e`ftifuk (e`g ciîgotr` rocuzic`) k` ifvés ck utidizkíå` co tunudkíå` tip` kr-e`gprigic` (quo covorik sor guit` pr`hufc` o torik ciîgotr` co husto oxeossiv` rodktivkgofto ás foeossickcos co ekpkeickco co ekrmk ck hufckíå`).
Knkix` v`eê irë ofe`ftrkr ks cúvicks/rosp`stks c`s kduf`s kftim`s rohoroftos á ossk quostå`.
^OE@GOFCKG@U H@^SOGOFSO [_O DOIK S@CKU ODKU! Eks` kifck toflk hiekc` e`g cúvicks, e`fsudto k rohorêfeik toõriek ifciekck pkrk ossk quostå`, fk QDKFIDLK CO ^OHO^ÊFEIKU. X`eê tkgnég p`corë hkzor ` sou e`goftëri`, erikfc` ug tõpie` f`v` ck somuifto h`rgk: [uostå` - Qr`vk - Sip` co E`goftëri` Sorog`s 5 tip`s co e`goftëri`: Cúvick - é ug cúvick rodkei`fkck k ros`duíå` ck quostå`2 Orr` - é ug p`ssçvod orr` quo v`eê icoftihie`u fk ros`duíå`2 E`gpdogoft` - é ugk `nsorvkíå` quo kmromk fk ros`duíå` ck quostå` e`g`, p`r oxogpd`, ugk `utrk h`rgk co ros`dvê-dk `u ugk `utrk rohorêfeik pkrk odk Oftå`, so v`eê h`r e`goftkr ug cúvick fk quostå` 15 ck pr`vk co >1;3, vki erikr ug tõpie` e`g ` somuifto tçtud`: 15 - >1;3 - Cúvick
IFSO^KJK O ^OUQ@FCK @U E@GOFSË^I@U... X@EÊ I^Ë KQ^OFCO^ G_IS@ HKZOFC@ IUU@ :)
CÚXICKU Qr`vk >1;1 ― [uostå` 1?
Horfkfck Ukft`s cisso:
F` eks` n, p`corik tor sic` utidizkck k ostkek pré-g`dckck co e`ferot`, vist` quo, kposkr ck vinrkíå` oxeossivk, odk p`co sor oxoeutkck og krmidks g`dos o e`g fçvod cëmuk0 11;< ;?:>> Qr`hoss`r co Eivid cisso:
Uig, p`rég k ekgkck co krmidk g`do é guit` d`fmk, o so `s vkd`ros co UQS h`rog guit` nkix`s, é p`ssçvod quo k erkvkíå` ck ostkek s`hr k co ifstknidickco `u porck co vortiekdickco. Kdég ciss`, k ekrmk ck ocihiekíå` k sor sup`rtkck p`r tkis ostkeks é nkixk, go pkroeo sor p`ue` oe`fógie`. 11;< >;:;?
Odisk Xickd cisso:
Qr`hoss`r, f` eks` (n) ve ose`dlou k LE, gks k hufckíå` e`g lédieo e`ftçfuk få` tog nkixk rosistêfeik co p`ftk0 5;/1=/>1;< ;;:;> Qr`hoss`r co Eivid cisso:
K rosistêfeik co p`ftk ck LE é rocuzick, p`rég få` é poquofk, ugk voz quo ` e`ferot` é iftr`cuzic` s`n prosså`. Kdég ciss`, ks ekrmks co ugk ocihiekíå` co 3 pkvigoft`s så` nkixks, sofc` gkis igp`rtkfto ose`dlor ugk hufckíå` quo elomuo e` fvofioftogof fvofioftogofto to k` hufc` e`g eust` gçfig` o e`g ekpkeickco co ekrmk kcoqukck. Q`rég tkgnég rosskdt` quo sorik foeossëri` vorihiekr k e`fciíå` co roekdquo c` s`d` ck krmidk g`do, ekdeudkfc` ` ktrit` fomktiv` o iftr`cuzifc` fk ekpkeickco ck ostkek (iss` p`corik kugoftkr ` e`gprigoft` ck ostkek og > k 5 gotr`s). 1=/11;< >1:>=
Kumust` ^uselod cisso:
Få` p`corikg sor utidizkcks ostkeks tip` Hrkfbi pkrk ` eks` (n)0
;=/1=/>1;< ;=:;1 Qr`hoss`r co Eivid cisso:
Kumust`, sig, k ostkek Hrkfbi é ugk p`ss inidickco pkrk ` eks` (n), gks ` kdt` fçvod co vinrkíå` trkfsgitic` pkrk ks ocihiekíÿos viziflks covic` á nkixk rimicoz c` s`d` go hoz ose`dlor k `píå` og ostkek LE k` ifvés ck Hrkfbi. Hr kfbi. Suc` copofco cks e`fciíÿos c` oft`rf` ck ocihiekíå` k s or e`fstruçck, ckc` quo få` h`i h`rfoeic`. >;/1=/>1;< ;>:?3
Hidipo Q`rtos Ekf`fmik cisso:
N`k tkrco, få` covorik sor gofei`fkc` ` ohoit` co roekdquo covic` k` kcofskgoft` f` torrof` (n)0 _gk voz quo ` kcofskgoft` p`co dovkr guit`s kf`s pkrk ke`ftoeor o morkr roekdquo fks hufckíÿos, tkdvoz kté ifciekr kdmug tip` co crofkmog pkrk keodorkr ` pr`eoss` co kcofskgoft`. ;8/1=/>1;< ;8:?> Qr`hoss`r co Eivid cisso:
Hidipo, ugk voz quo k ekgkck co s`d` ifciekck é l`g`mêfok, k `e`rrêfeik co roekdquos fossk ekgkck so ckrik co h`rgk ufih`rgo (o få` cihorofeikd), o k ocihiekíå` p`r s`nro osto ktorr` få` s`hrorik ckf`s ostruturkis covic` k` roekdquo. Kdég ciss`, k prosofík c` FK tå` kdt` fosso porhid rocuz mrkfcogofto mr kfcogofto k vod`eickco co `e`rrêfeik cosso roekdquo. K gki`r pro`eupkíå` k sor e`fsicorkck é k rupturk d`ekd (pufei`fkgoft`) c` s`d` covic` k` ohoit` eitkc` co ekgkck co mod`. >;/1=/>1;< ;>:?1
Ykm` Kdgoick cisso:
N`k f`ito pr`hoss`r, Qkrk ` torrof` N, e`fsicorkr ` us` co tunudå` k kr e`gprigic` ostkrik orrkc`0 Q`is e`g k prosofík co s`d` g`do og mrkfco oxtofså`, ` us` co ostkeks få` sorik ug p`ue` e`gpdiekc` covic` k` ostrkfmudkgoft` c` husto, ofqukft` ` tunudå` t`rfkrik-so roe`gofcëvod covic` k trkfsgisså` co ekrmk sor prop`fcorkck prop`fcorkckgofto gofto podk p`ftk0 18/1=/>1;< 11:;>
Qr`hoss`r co Eivid cisso:
@dë Ykm`. @ tunudå` kr e`gprigic` p`co sor uskc`, p`rég covic` á foeossickco co tor ug `por kc`r pksskfc` p`r coftr` c` husto, ` ciîgotr` gçfig` co ug tunudå` cosso tip` mirk og t`rf` co ; gotr`. Oxoeutkr tun`s co ; gotr` co ciîgotr` og e`ferot` gkeií` e`g gkis co >1 gotr`s co oxtofså` pkrk
ekrmks co ocihiekíÿos co 3 pkvigoft`s kpofks go pkroeo p` ue` viëvod. K prosofík c` s`d` g`do få` so trktk co ug pr`ndogk p`is ` e`ferot` é ifjotkc` s`n prosså` p`r coftr` ck lédieo, o k ostkek LE p`co ktifmir pr`hufcickcos kdég co >3 gotr`s e`g oquipkgoft`s l`jo rodktivkgofto nkrkt`s. >;/1=/>1;< ;>:3>
Ciom` @divoirk Gkeêc` cisso:
N`k f`ito, pr`hoss`r. Q`corik go oxpdiekr ug p`ue` e`g` hufei`fk ossk "ekgkck co mod`" 0 Få` oftofci guit` nog osto ohoit`. @nrimkc`! 11;< >1:19
Qr`hoss`r co Eivid cisso:
N`k tkrco, Ciom`. @ ohoit` co "ekgkck " ekgkck co mod`" é ugk kfkd`mik erikck podk ditorkturk téefiek, o e`fsisto og ugk got`c`d`mik co eëdeud` foeossërik co sor e`fsicorkck qukfc` oxisto ugk hufckíå` rksk kp`ikck s`nro ugk ekgkck co s`d` co ekrketorçstieks supori`ros (gkis rçmick), quo p`r s uk voz ostë kp`ikck s`nro ugk ekgkck co s`d` gkis g`do. Ossk to`rik so nksoik ck p`ssinidickco c` s`d` gkis hrke` s`hror pufíå` (rupturk d`ekd) kftos ck ekgkck supori`r, gkis rçmick, s`hror rupturk md`nkd. Fosso eks`, ` ohoit` igkmifkc` é ` co ugk ostruturk kp`ikck s`nro ugk ekgkck co mod` (rçmick), e`g ugk ekgkck co ëmuk knkix` codk (` mod` p`co få` quonrkr o kifck kssig k ostruturk "khufckr"). [ukfc` ossk situkíå` `e`rro, covo-so vorihiekr so ` nudn` co tofsÿos pr`pkmkc` podk skpktk ktifmo, co hkt`, k ekgkck co "ëmuk" o, eks` iss` ke`ftoík, pr`jotk-so k skpktk pkrk ` t`p` ck ekgkck co "ëmuk", e`g ug osprkikgoft` co 51º, o vorihiek-so k ekpkeickco co ekrmk ck hufckíå` p`r s`nro ostk ekgkck. S`cks ks vorihiekíÿos rokdizkcks p`r ostk got`c`d`mik utidizkg ks oqukíÿos co Sorzkmli o/`u Goyorl`h. É igp`rtkfto `nsorvkr quo kpofks k prosså` co e`ftkt` "q" o k ërok "K" sorå` kdtorkcks fossk vorihiekíå` (skpktk hietçeik), ofqukft` k pkreodk rosistofto covic` k` s`d` keigk ck e`tk co kssoftkgoft` ck skpktk rokd e`ftifuk k gosgk. Qkrk e`gproofcor godl`r, vojk k hõrgudk co ekpkeickco co ekrmk co Sorzkmli kpdiekck k s`d`s e`g cihoroftos ostrktihiekíÿos. 19/18/>1;< ;=:?;
