Civil P15Q09

^ubstíj 31  ” 83>2

9,

9

  9  ∑ 

  9  ∑ 

  9 ,  

  9 

n) Lj pknlj xz5

  9 ,   9 ,     9



 9





9 ,   

 ∑  ∑ ,   

Lj pknlj xy5

  9  9 ,    9

 

 9 



9 ,    

 ∑  ∑ ,     

Snrn qub n mnrdn fb gknihndbi sben n ibsin ljs fjas pknljs5

,       9 

8 

9

,     

, 





9

,     9 ,  

Mjltalunäíj fn 1ª qubstíj5

( ju sben, n gknihndbi jmjrrb h) Mjlsafbrnlfj-sb qub ` 9 73 mi (ju saiuktnlbnibltb ljs fjas pknljs), mnkmukn-sb5

 9  9

 ∑  ∑  ,   ∑ 

(lj pknlj xz)



 ∑  ∑ ,    ∇ 9 ≂ ,   ∑∑ ,    9  ∑ ∘ ∑    ∑ ∇ 

∇ ≂ , ℍ ℍ

JH].5 Mnkmuknlfj-sb n vnranäíj fb tbipbrnturn lj pknlj xy, j rbsuktnfj jhtafj sbrî j ibsij.