Sugstìf 48 “ 844>
c) Cssumg-sg, ieilicamgetg, qug f lfelrgtf gstcrã ef jfmíeif jg jgnfrmcëìf <, fu sgoc, c pfsiëìf jc aie`c egutrc jgvgrã gstcr getrg =
4,878 g = 4,>8 ,>80 (fejg = ). Ef jfmíeif <, = = 4,07 = 3,49< ⁊ 2
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,
= 4,7: 4,7:7 7 g, pfrtcetf, vcaijc-sg c `ipütgsg
jg lfelrgtf ef jfmíeif < jg jgnfrmcëìf.
h) Tfr gquiaíhrif jg nfrëcs,
= = , ∙ , ∙ ∙ , = , Jgssc nfrmc, ef mgif jf vìf, ncz-sg?
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Cssim, cpailcejf-sg 0 hcrrcs ∇34 ( = , ) fu 7 hcrrcs ∇38,7 ( = , ).
Chcixf vflï irã gelfetrcr cs jÿvijcs/rgspfstcs jfs cauefs cetikfs rgngrgetgs ä gssc qugstìf.
XGLFMGEJCMF\ NFXZGMGEZG SWG AGIC ZFJC\ GAC\! Lcsf ciejc tge`c nilcjf lfm jÿvijcs, lfesuatg c rgngrïelic tgürilc iejilcjc pcrc gssc qugstìf, ec TACEIA@C JG XGNGXÏELIC\. ^flï tcmhém pfjgrã nczgr f sgu lfmgetãrif, lricejf um tüpilf efvf jc sgkuietg nfrmc? Sugstìf - Trfvc - Zipf jg Lfmgetãrif Zgrgmfs < tipfs jg lfmgetãrif? Jÿvijc - é um jÿvijc rgaclifecjc c rgsfauëìf jc qugstìf2 Grrf - é um pfssívga grrf qug vflï ijgetinilfu ec rgsfauëìf2 Lfmpagmgetf - é umc fhsgrvcëìf qug ckrgkc ec rgsfauëìf jc qugstìf lfmf, pfr gxgmpaf, umc futrc nfrmc jg rgsfavï-ac fu umc futrc rgngrïelic pcrc gac Getìf, sg vflï nfr lfmgetcr um jÿvijc ec qugstìf 4< jc prfvc jg 843:, vci lricr um tüpilf lfm f sgkuietg títuaf? 4< - 843: - Jÿvijc
IEZGXCOC G XG\TFEJC F\ LFMGEZÃXIF\... ^FLÏ IXÃ CTXGEJGX MWIZF NC_GEJF I\\F ?)
Jß^IJC\ Trfvc 844> “ Sugstìf 48
JCEIGA HCXHF\C FBWMWXC jissg?
Lfmpagmgetcejf mgu rcliflíeif, lfesijgrcejf lfesijgrcejf qug c gstruturc gstc ef jfmíeif < (lfelrgtf lfm <,7 pfr mia) g x = 87,4: lm, tgmfs <,7 gstã pcrc 87,4: cssim lfmf Jgnfrmcëìf jf cëf gstã pcrc (:> - 87,4: = 84,9>), cl`cejf c jgnfrmcëìf jf cëf gm 8,9 pfr mia (lfgrgetg, pfis gstã getrg zgrf g 34 pfr mia), umc vgz tgejf c jgnfrmcëìf jf cëf (8,9 pfr mia = 4,4489) g utiaizcejf c agi jg `ffbg, tgm-sg 4,4489 x 8344 = 8>8,98 / ãrgc cëf , fejg l`gkc-sg gm ãrgc jf cëf = :<,8 lm¸ (ãrgc gssc qug nfreglg c jgnfrmcëìf jg 8,9 pfr mia). 39/4;/8430 88?<0 Trfngssfr jg Livia jissg?
Faã Jceiga. Muitf luijcjf cf utiaizcr c agi jg @ffbg pcrc mctgricis lfmf f cëf g f lfelrgtf. Agmhrg-sg qug f cëf pcssc c gslfcr gslf cr c pcrtir jg jgtgrmiecjc tgesìf (tgesìf jg gslfcmgetf nyj), jg nfrmc qug c jgnfrmcëìf jf cëf cumgetc sgm ege`um kce`f jg tgesìf rgsistgetg. F jickrcmc tgesìf-jgnfrmcëìf qug jgvg sgr uscjf pcrc f cëf gstruturca é cqugag prgsgetg ec EHX >330?843:, itgm 0.<.>. 83/4;/8430 33?:0
JCEIGA HCXHF\C FBWMWXC jissg?
Hfc efitg prfngssfr, niqugi lfm umc jÿvijc, c nfrëc qug f cëf rgsistg qug é ikuca cf jf lfelrgtf é jg 8><,3> BE, jcejf pgaf lãaluaf jf sge`fr umc ãrgc jg cëf jg >,47 lm¸, ci qug getrc mie`c jÿvijc, qucejf qucejf lcaluaf c tgesìf jf cëf l`gkf cf vcafr jg (8><,3>BE / >,47 = :<,7 BE/lm¸), pgac agi jg @ffbg, Zgesìf = Jgnfrmcëìf x Mfjuaf jg Gacstilijcjg (cëf), jgstc nürmuac tgmfs? :<,7 BE/lm¸ = Jgn. x 8344 BE/lm¸, jcfejg l`gkcmfs gm umc jgnfrmcëìf jg 4,48 fu 84 pfr mia jg trcëìf. Getrgtcetf fs aimitgs jfs gstãjifs sìf 34 pfr mia pcrc c trcëìf (cëf) g <,7 pfr mia pcrc f lfelrgtf. C ãrgc jg cëf pcrc gu lfesgkuir nilcr jgetrf jf vcafr jg 34 pfr mia sgric? 4,43 fu 34 pfr mia x 8344 = (8>8,98 / ãrgc jg cëf) 2 Ãrgc jg cëf = 8>8,98 / (4,43 x 8344) = 38,78 lm¸.... Eìf sgi sg mgu rcliflíeif gstã grrcjf.... 39/4;/8430 88?3;
Cukustf Xusl`ga jissg?
\gu grrf gstã ef müjuaf jg gacstilijcjg? G=84444 c 83444 BE/lm¸ 47/40/8430 34?44
bgt`gaaie rgzgejg jg rgzgejg jissg?
hfc efitg, lfmf sgi qug gm tfref jg y f piacr é gekcstcjf g aivrg 6 gm tfref jg z ncac ef geuelicjf , mcs gm y ecf getgeji 4 Trfngssfr jg Livia jissg?
Faã bgt`gaaie, C rgsfauëìf eìf utiaizfu ege`um mctgrica, cpgecs f gquiaíhrif jcs nfrëcs ec sgëìf jg lfelrgtf nfreglijc, lfmf jgsge`cjf ec nikurc. Luijcjf lfm f lcaluaf jf nlj, f ejg gu lfesijgrf 4,07 . nlb / 3,:, g ecs nürmuacs nü rmuacs qug vflï mg pcssfu nlj = nlb/3,:, lfm f 4,07 muatipailcjf nfrc. 4
Trfngssfr jg Livia jissg?
Lfm rgacëìf ä jÿvijc jg AE gm 4,7:7j, 4,7:7 j, pgac efvc efrmc jgvgric fu sgr utiaizcjc crmcjurc jupac pcrc agvcr c AE cf aimitg jg jultiaijcjg fu f vcafr jg ` jgvgric sgr cumgetcjf. Mcs, efvcmgetg, eìf sg gsqugëcm qug gssc prfvc nfi cpailcjc gm 844>, g gstã sgkuiejf f pcjrìf jcqugac épflc. 83/4>/8430 8
Jigkf Faivgirc Mclïjf jissg?
Hfc efitg, Zgetgi nczgr jg nfrmc jingrgetg g gelfetrgi umc ielfgrïelic. Ec nfrmc qug cprgeji c jimgesifecr cs crmcjurcs, f primgirf p rimgirf pcssf é lcaluacr f αaimitg = (Mj)/(4,07.Nlj.h.j¸) = (4,8*3,:*784¸/0)/(4,07*(3,0/3,:)*38 (4,8*3,:*784¸/0)/(4,07*(3,0/3,:)*38*:>¸) *:>¸) = 4,<:3, sgejf qug f α mãximf
pcrc crmcjurc simpags é jg 4,897. Jgstc nfrmc, c sgëìf tgric qug tgr crmcjurc jupac, f qug eìf é f lcsf, pfrém eìf gelfetrf mgu grrf... 83/4>/8430 30?:<
TGJXF jissg?
Jigkf, gu jimgesifef crmcjurc cssim cssim tcmhém, mcs f α i aimitg é 4,<;8 ... sgejf clgitãvga f vcafr jg 4,<:3... cí vci jgtgrmiecr f ni = 3,87 x (3-(rciz jg 3- 8α ).. g l`gkugi ec mgsmc ãrgc.. mcs jc nfrm c qug
nfi ngitf pcrglg mcis simpags =\
83/4;/8430 49?80 Ouaic Murkga jissg?
cl`f qug é pfrqug egssc nürmuac eìf sg muatipailc f nlj pfr 4,07..niz cssim tcmhém g nilfu lfgrgetg! 8>/4;/8430 39?78
Cukustf Xusl`ga jissg?
G f qug gag qugr jizgr lfm "jgslrgvc lfmf sg cprgsgetcm cs sfailitcë÷gs ef lfelrgtf g ec crmcjurc ef jfmíeif lcaluacjf". 83/4>/8430 30?34 Jigkf Faivgirc Mclïjf jissg?
Cukustf, clrgjitf qug gag pgjg pcrc jgslrgvgr lfmf iric flfrrgr c rupturc jfs mctgricis. Ec pãki ec 3< jgstg pjn? `ttp?//www.ngl.ueilcmp.hr/~ca `ttp?//www.ngl.ueilcmp.hr/~camgijc/gl;48/CTF\ZIAC-GL;48-v8 mgijc/gl;48/CTF\ZIAC-GL;48-v844>.pjn 44>.pjn `ã umc jgslriëìf jg lfmf flfrrg cs nissurcs ef cëf g ef lfelrgtf gm sgus s gus rgspgltivfs jfmíeifs. 83/4>/8430 30?:; Trfngssfr jg Livia jissg?
Egssg lcsf, gag sü qugr c nikurc qug nfi jgsge`cjc ec rgsfauëìf, jgtca`cejf f vcafr jg s ikmc l (4,07 nlj), c jistrihuiëìf jg tges÷gs ef lfelrgtf (4,0x) g c pfsiëìf g f vcafr jc rgsuatcetg jcs crmcjurcs Xst. 83/4>/8430 88?78
Cukustf Xusl`ga jissg?
Niqugi gm jÿvijc ec agtrc C pfrqug gag eìf mgelifec qug é ef mgif jc vikc. Cssim, lcaluagi fs jfmíeifs jc vikc cf afekf jf sgu vìf tcmhém. F qug cl`cs6 83/4>/8430 30?47
Jigkf Faivgirc Mclïjf jissg?
Tfjg mg jizgr lfmf gstã lcaluacejf gstgs jfmíeifs6 Eìf getgeji qucejf gag jiz qug c aie`c egutrc jgvg gstcr getrg 4,878 g 4,>80 =/ Fhrikcjf! 83/4>/8430 30?74
Cukustf Xusl`ga jissg?
Ef jfmíeif 8 c aie`c egutrc gstã getrg 4 g 4,879j. Ef jfmíeif < c aie`c egutrc gstã getrg 4,879j g 4,>80j. Ef jfmíeif : c aie`c egutrc gstã getrg 4,>80j g j 83/4>/8430 83?48
Cukustf Xusl`ga jissg?
Getìf f qug gu niz? lcaluagi fs vcafrgs jg mfmgetf qug rgsuatcricm ecs aie`cs egutrcs qug mujcm jg jfmíeif. Cssim, pgrtf jfs cpfifs c vikc gstã ef jfmíeif 3, jgpfis mujc pcrc f 8 g ef mgif jf vìf gstã ef <. Fs vcafrgs gxctfs, lcsf tu qugirc lfengrir? 4 - 9: lm (jfmíeif 3). 9: -39: lm (jfmíeif 8) g 39: -8>4 lm (jfmíeif <). Caém jissf, gspga`cjf. 83/4>/8430 83?47
Cukustf Xusl`ga jissg?
\fhrg c aie`c egutrc? f vcafr jg 4,>80j é c caturc egutrc aimitg pcrc f jfmíeif <. Caém jissf getrcric ef jfmíeif :. F qug sg ncz egssg lcsf lc sf é cjilifecr umc crmcjurc jupac pcrc pgrmceglgr ef jfmíeif <, fejg eìf `ã rupturc sgm cvisf. 83/4>/8430 83?4;
Trfngssfr jg Livia jissg?
Hfc efitg. Cf sg jimgesifecr umc vikc hicpficjc gm lfelrgtf crmcjf, f prflgjimgetf usuca é vgrinilcr c lfejiëìf jg jgnfrmcëìf jf mgif jf vìf, jgtgrmiecr c crmcjurc eglgssãric g jglcacr f jickrcmc jg mfmgetfs nagtfrgs c pcrtir jf mgif jf vìf. \gejf cssim, c vgrinilcëìf jfs jfmíeifs jg jgnfrmcëìf cf afekf jf vìf eìf sìf eglgssãrics. Caém jissf, é impfrtcetg fhsgrvcr qug f métfjf jg jimgesifecmgetf cpailcjf cqui é f rgngrgetg ä EHX >330?844<, qug pgrmitic jimgesifecmgetf gm jfmíeif < g :, cté umc prfnuejijcjg jg aie`c egutrc jg 4,>80j. Ctucamgetg, ec >330?843:, sü sg pgrmitg cté f aimitg jg jultiaijcjg jc pgëc (vcafr qug vcric jg 4,<7 c 4,:7j). 83/4>/8430 88?73
Cukustf Xusl`ga jissg?
Egssg lcsf, lfmf l`gkcmfs ef vcafr jg 4,7:7, c vikc jgvgric sgr lcaluacjc lfm crmcjurc jupac66 83/4>/8430 8
Ngrecejc \cetfs jissg?
F itgm jc efrmc qug jiz qug c pgëc jgvg sgr jimgesifecjc cté f vcafr jg 4,:7j é f 3:.>.:.<6 Getìf ckfrc sü pfjgmfs jimgesifecr vikcs ef Jfmíeif 8 lfm x/j vcricejf jg 4,8> cté 4,:76 40/40/8430 34?<0
Trfngssfr jg Livia jissg?
Ngrecejc, sim, pcrc rgspgitcr f aimitg jg jultiaijcjg jfs gagmgetfs gm lfelrgtf crmcjf tca aimitg ef vcafr jg hgtc x jgvgrã sgr rgspgitcjf. Lfmf prfogtistc vflï sgmprg pfjg gslfa`gr f jfmíeif jg jgnfrmcëìf pcrc f quca quisgr jimgesifecr, mcs eìf gstcrã mcis cmpcrcjc pgac efrmc hrcsiagirc lcsf `cocm nissurcë÷gs gxlgssivcs fu cakum tipf jg rupturc nrãkia ec suc gstruturc. Zca fhsgrvcëìf tgvg frikgm prielipcamgetg ef lrgslgetg cumgetf jc rgsistïelic c lfmprgssìf jfs lfelrgtfs usiecjfs g ef
cvceëf jc tglefafkic jfs limgetfs, agvcejf lfelrgtfs mgsmf "lcsgirfs" c tgrgm catc r gsistïelic ä lfmprgssìf g nczgejf lfm qug cs crmcjurcs jimgesifecjcs gm jfmíeif < nilcssgm suhutiaizcjcs, tfrecejf f jimgesifecmgetf mgefs glfeúmilf. 40/40/8430 84?:9
