Rdssl d Rdssl - 4 Gstg å l preogerl hued mg lregftd lregftdèál èál prlnesselfd` prlnesselfd` ml ajdvgerl. ajdvgerl. Alo g`g l d`ufl erä prdteadr l usl mds ngrrdogftds, igo alol lpgrdè÷gs g tåafeads mg gxgauè÷gs mds prefaepdes tdrgnds ml med d med ml ajdvgerl prlnesselfd`. Rdrd tdftl, lrhdfezg sud pgqugfd lneaefd, alogèdfml plr uod idfadmd alo olrsd. Ds mgodes ngrrdogftds sgrál efmeadmds pdrd admd tdrgnd qug sál ds sghueftgs;
Rrlagmeogftl F» 4 Ygterdr g Al`ladr Ngajdmurds Ngajdm urds go Rlrtds Gstd å sgo mûvemd d odes seop`gs tdrgnd ml ajdvgerl. Gstd lpgrdèál mgvg sgr gxgautdmd sgoprg qug sg fgagssetdr rgplr uod ngajdmurd, alfngaaelfdr ajdvg lu ndzgr pgqugfls rgpdrls go ngajdmurds.
Ngrrdogftds Fgagssäreds
. Ajdvg mg ngfmd . D`eadtg ufevgrsd` Ngajdmurd Ngajdm urd mg Qlirg Qlirgplr plr Qál ngajdmurds olftdmds fd pdrtg gxtgrfd mg plrtds g plrt÷gs. Lpgrdè÷gs; 4;4 - Ygterg ls mles pdrdnusls qug sg gfalftrdo fd pdrtg nrlftd` md plrtd lu plrtál. ( Nehurd 4). 4;9 - Ygterg ls pdrdnusls `dtgrdes md adexd. Flrod`ogftg sál mles, ods jä d`huods alo qudtrl. (Nehurd 9).
Nehurd 4 - Ygterdfml ls mles pdrdnusls md plrtd fd pdrtg nrlftd`.
Nehurd Nehur d 9 - Ygterdfml ls mles pdrdnusls mds `dtgrdes md adexd.
Rrlagmeogft Rrlagm eogftl l F» 4-4 Ngajdmurd Ngajdm urd mg Goiut Goiuter er Qál ngajdmurds goiutemds eftgrfdogftg fds plrtds g plrt÷gs. Lpgrdè÷gs; 4;1- Ygterg d trdvd md odèdfgtd alo l d`eadtg. Jä olmg`ls mg ngajdmurds qug d nexdèál md odèdfgtd å ngetd
plr pdrdnusl. Fgstg adsl, usg d ajdvg mg ngfmd (plmg dalftgagr mg sgr pdrdnusl tepl D``gf). (Nehurd 1). AWYQL MG AJD^GEYL ‑ RDQQL D RDQQL 4
9
EFQ]E]W]L WFE^GYQD@ IYDQE@GEYL
4;=- Ygterg ds odèdfgtds. (Nehurd =). 4;7- Ql`tg l pdrdnusl mg nexdèál ml ae`efmrl, dtå qug l ogsol nequg `eigrdml g plssd sgr rgolveml. (Nehurd 7). 4;>- Ql`tg ls pdrdnusls mg nexdèál md ngajdmurd. (Nehurd >). 4;8- Ygterg l ae`efmrl g puxg d ngajdmurd pdrd nlrd. (Nehur (Nehurd d 8).
Nehurd 1 - Ygterdfml d trdvd md odèdfgtd.
Nehurd = - Ygterdfml ds odèdfgtds.
Nehurd Nehur d 7 - Ygolvgfml l ae`efmrl.
Nehurd > - Ygterdfml ls pdrdnusls mg nexdèál.
Nehurd 8 - Dpñs d rgterdmd ml ae`efmrl puxg d ngajdmurd pdrd nlrd.
Gstds nlrdo ds lpgrdè÷gs mg rgolèál mds ngajdmurds. Rdrd d al`ladèál mds ogsods prlagmd mg olml efvgrsl.
al`lqug-d plseaelfdmd kuftl dls nurls g nexg ls pdrdnusls. (Nehurd :). 4;: - Fl adsl md ngajdmurd mg slirgplr, al`lqug-d 4;5 - Adsl d ngajdmurd nlr mg goiuter al`lqug d ngajdmurd fl gfadexg md plrtd g nexg-d alo ls mles pdrdnusls. (Nehurd 5). 4;42- Al`lqug l ae`efmrl, g dpgrtg l pdrdnusl dtå nexä-`l. 4;44- Al`lqug ds odèdfgtds. Adsl ls gspg`jls tgrgo seml rgolvemls al`lqug-ls preogerl, mgples ds odèdfg-
tds. (Nehurd 42).
Nehurd : - Nexdfml ls pdrdnuxls.
AWYQL MG AJD^GEYL ‑ RDQQL D RDQQL 4
Nehurd 5 - Alol nexdr d ngajdmurd mg goiuter.
Al`ladf dfml ml l ae ae`ef `efmrl mrl g ds Nehur Ne hurd d 42 - Al`la
1
EFQ]E]W]L WFE^GYQD@ IYDQE@GEYL
odèdfgtds
Rrlagmeogftl F» 9 Mgsolftdhgo mg Ngajdmurds Gstd å uod lpgrdèál, qug jlkg go med, fál å ouetl alouo, plrqug, sál rgoltds ds plsseie`emdmgs mg alfsgrtdr ngajdmurds. Fl gftdftl mgvg sgr trgefdmd, plrqug, alo agrtgzd, defmd plr uo ilo tgopl, jdvgrál pgqugfls rgpdrls d sg ndzgr go ngajdmurds dftehds.
Ngrrdogftds Fgagssäreds • Ajdvg mg ngfmd lu Rje`eps • @eod ajdtd
9.4- Ngajdmurd Hlrhg 9;4- Ygterg ls pdrdnusls md tdopd md adexd md ngajdmurd. (Nehurd 44). 9;9- Qg d tdopd nlr nexdmd plr rgietg, å prgaesl `eodr d adigèd mls ogsols. (Nehurd 49). 9;1- Ygterdmls ls pdrdnusls lu `eodmd d adigèd mls rgietgs, rgterg d tdopd. (Nehurd 41).
Nehurd 44 - Ygolvgfml ls pdrdnusls.
Nehurd Nehur d 49 - @eodfml d adigèd mls rgietgs.
Nehurd 41 - Ygterdfml d tdopd md ngajdmurd.
9.4- Ngajdmurd Ud`g 9;=- Ygterg preogerl l ae`efmrl sl`tdfml l sgu pdrdnusl mg nexdèál. (Nehurd 4=). 9;7- Md ogsod nlrod qug d ngajdmurd Hlrhg, d Ud`g tdoiåo plmg tgr d tdopd mg adexd pdrdnusdmd lu rgietd-
md. Rlrtdftl, rgolvd ls pdrdnusls lu `eog ls rgietgs alfnlrog Nehurds 47 g 47D.
Nehurd 4= - Ygterdfml l ae`efmrl.
AWYQL MG AJD^GEYL ‑ RDQQL D RDQQL 4
Nehurd Nehur d 47 - Qg nlr rgietg3 `eog.
=
Nehurd 47D - Ygterg d tdopd
EFQ]E]W]L WFE^GYQD@ IYDQE@GEYL
Rrlagmeogftl F» 1 Alfngaèál mg Añped mg Ajdvg Hlrhg (alo Olmg`l Olmg`l)) Rdrd gstd tdrgnd l d`ufl mgvgrä tgr go oáls uod ajdvg Hlrhg mg uod ngajdmurd qud`qugr. Å prgaesl tgr d ngajdmurd pdrd plmgr tgstdr d ajdvg ngetd.
Ngrrdogftds Fgagssäreds • Rdquïogtrl lu gsad`d • Alopdssl mg ogmer • @eod ajdtd • @eod nl`jd mg l`evgerd Lpgrdè÷gs; 1;4- ^dols fgstd lpgrdèál tlodr alol idsg d ajdvg md nehurd 4>, plrtdftl pdrd ndzgr d añped usg uod ajdvg
verhgo ml ogsol olmg`l. L d`ufl mgvgrä gsal`jgr d ajdvg verhgo mg dalrml alo d sud lrehefd`. (Nehurd 4>). 1;9- Ogsol sgfml lrehefd` d ajdvg verhgo vgo sgoprg alo d p`dad `ehgerdogftg odelr. Dsseo sgfml, ogèd d d`turd md p`dad md ajdvg lrehefd`. Wsg l pdquïogtrl lu alopdssl mg ogmer. (Nehurd 48). 1;1- Rdssg gssd ogmemd pdrd d ajdvg verhgo. Adsl jdkd mengrgfèd pdrd odelr, `eog d p`dad fl sgfteml md d`turd, dtå ajghdr d gssd ogmemd. (Nehurd 4:). 1;=- Ndèd d ogsod alesd alo d `drhurd md p`dad. Ogèd d ajdvg lrehefd` g pdssg d ogmemd pdrd d ajdvg verhgo. Qg jluvgr mengrgfèd pdrd ogmer, `eog pdrd dagrtdr. (Nehurd 45). 1;7- Dagrtdmds d d`turd g d `drhurd md p`dad, ogèd d sud gspgssurd, go hgrd` d gspgssurd mä agrtl. Adsl estl fál lalrrd, `eog dtå dagrtdr. (Nehurd 92). 1;>- Ogèd d adfd`gtd `dtgrd` md ajdvg lrehefd` g pdssg pdrd d ajdvg verhgo. (Nehurd 94). 1;8- Odradmd d adfd`gtd, prgfmd d ajdvg fd olrsd. Rlseèál olstrdmd fd nehurd 99, alo d ilrmd ilrmd md `eod vä vä `eodfml dtå d prlnufmemdmg md lrehefd`. 1;:- Dagrtdmd d adfd`gtd, vdols pdrd ds advds md ajdvg. Alo d råhud lu pdquïogtrl, ogèd d prlnufmemdmg mds advds, trdfsplrtdfml-ds pdrd d ajdvg verhgo. (Nehurd 91). 1;5- Dagrtg dhlrd d `drhurd mds advds. ]doiåo alo d råhud lu pdquïogtrl g md ogsod nlrod trdfsnerd d ogmemd pdrd ajdvg verhgo. (Nehurd 9=). 1;42 - @eog ds advds alo d `eod nl`jd mg l`evgerd. (Nehurd 97). 1;44 - Alfa`uïmd d añped md ajdvg vgrenequg sg gstä nufaelfdfml. Rdrd tdftl, gxpgreogftg-d fd ngajdmurd. Adsl g`d gstgkd rdspdfml lu prgfmgfml, vgkd lfmg dpdrgag d odrad ml dtretl g më odes uods pdssdmds alo d `eod, dtå g`eoefdr gssgs prli`gods. (Nehurd 9>).
Nehurd 4> - Ajdvgs verhgo g lrehefd`.
Nehurd 48 - sgoprg ogèd d p`dad md ajdvg.
AWYQL MG AJD^GEYL ‑ RDQQL D RDQQL 4
7
Nehurd Nehur d 4: - @eodfml d p`dad md ajdvg.
EFQ]E]W]L WFE^GYQD@ IYDQE@GEYL
Nehurd 45 - Qg jluvgr mengrgfèd `eog.
Nehurd Nehur d 92 - Ogèd d sud gspgssurd.
Nehurd 94 - Ogèd d adfd`gtd `dtgrd` md ajdvg.
Nehurd 99 - @eodfml d adfd`gtd.
Nehurd Nehur d 91 - Ogèd d prlnufmemdmg md advd.
Nehurd 9= - Dagrtg d `drhurd mds advds.
@eodr d sghufmd advd
@eodr d preogerd advd
Nehurd 97 - Wsg d `eod nl`jd mg l`evgerd pdrd `eodr ds advds.
Nehurd 9> - @eog dtå d`eoefdr ls prli`gods.
Rrlagmeogftl F» = Ndzgr ajdvg Hlrhg Qgo olmg`l Gstd tdrgnd rgqugr uod ngajdmurd Hlrhg ûfead. Rlmg sgr qud`qugr olmg`l mg plrtds eftgrfds, dtud` ml tepl ajdvg prlftd. Eoplrtdftg fál sgr alo sghrgml.
Ngrrdogftds Fgagssäreds • Rdquïogtrl lu gsad`d • Alopdssl mg ogmer AWYQL MG AJD^GEYL ‑ RDQQL D RDQQL 4
>
EFQ]E]W]L WFE^GYQD@ IYDQE@GEYL
• @eod ajdtd • D`eadtg • Ajdvg mg ngfmd
Lisgrvdèál; ]dftl pdrd gstd alol pdrd d tdrgnd dftgrelr,
l d`ufl mgvgrä mereher-sg d uod `lkd mg drtehls pdrd ajdvgerls lu ogsol d uo ajdvgerl pdrd dmquerer ds ajdvgs ajdvgs lrehefdes.
Lpgrdè÷gs; =;4- Ygterg d ngajdmurd md plrtd, ples gstd ajdvg sgrä ngetd pg`d ngajdmurd, plrtdftl, sgo olmg`l. (Nehurd 98). =;9- Gsal`jd d ajdvg verhgo lrehefd` md ngajdmurd. (Nehurd 9:). =;1- Alo l pdquïogtrl, gsad`d lu ogsol l alopdssl, tlog d d`turd md gftrdmd md ajdvg. (Nehurd 95). =;=- ^laë mgvgrä alfngrer d d`turd kuftl â p`dad md ajdvg verhgo. Adsl lalrrd mengrgfèd fd d`turd pdrd odelr, l
prlagmeogftl pdrd ehud`dr sgrä l `eodr, alol kä nle gfsefdml fl prlagmeogftl dftgrelr. (Nehurd 12). =;7- Ogèd d mestéfaed gftrg ds `dtgrdes md adexd md ngajdmurd. Gssd ogmemd rgmuzemd dprlxeodmdogftg mg ogel oe`ïogtrl, alrrgsplfmg d `drhurd md p`dad. (Nehurd 14). =;>- Dagrtdmds d d`turd g d `drhurd md p`dad md ajdvg, ndèd d adfd`gtd `dtgrd`. Rdrd essl, al`lqug d ajdvg fd gftrdmd md ajdvg md ngajdmurd g alo uo resadmlr lu adfgtd jemrlhränead odrqug l agftrl md adfd`gtd. (Nehurd 19). =;8- Alo d ilrmd md `eod alfnlrog gfsefdml fd tdrgnd dftgrelr (etgo 1;8), `eog d adfd`gtd dtå d prlnufmemdmg qug `jg pgroetd pdssdr pg`d gftrdmd md ajdvg fd ngajdmurd. (Nehurd 11). =;:- Eftrlmuzd d ajdvg fd ngajdmurd, sg tlmls ls prlagmeogftls nlrdo igo ngetls g`d erä nufaelfdr. Adsl rdspg lu prgfmd më odes d`huods `eodmds lfmg gstevgr pghdfml. ^laë vde lisgrvdr qug d ajdvg qug dadilu mg ndzgr gstä nufaelfdfml igo, sgo ogsol plssuer advds alol d lrehefd`. Estl å flrod`. Jä adsls mg ngajdmurds Hlrhg seop`gs plssuïrgo ajdvg alo advds sgo fgagssemdmg ples, ds ogsods fál tgo nufèál. (Nehurd 1=).
Nehurd 98 - Ygterg d ngajdmurd md plrtd.
Nehurd 9: - Gsal`jd d ajdvg verhgo.
Ogèdd èdd d` d`tu turd rd md gf gftr trdm dmdd md ajd ajdvg. vg. Nehurd 95 - Og
Ogmemd md `drhurd md adexd
Ogmemd md d`turd md ajdvg
Nehurd 12 - Alfnerd d d`turd md p`dad md ajdvg.
AWYQL MG AJD^GEYL ‑ RDQQL D RDQQL 4
Nehurd 14 - Ogèd d mestéfaed gftrg ds `dtgrdes md adexd.
8
EFQ]E]W]L WFE^GYQD@ IYDQE@GEYL
Ogmemd md adfd`gtd
Nehurd 19 - Odradfml l agftrl md adfg`gtd.
Nehurd Nehur d 11 - @eodfml d adfd`gtd.
Nehurd 1= - Eftrlmuzd d ajdvg fd ngajdmurd.
Rrlagmeogftl F» 7 Alfngaaelfdr Ajdvg pdrd Ngajdm Alfngaaelfdr Ngajdmurd urd Hlrhg Oû`tep`d alo Qghrgm Qghrgmls ls Rdrd gstd tdrgnd, sgrä fgagssärel qud`qugr ngajdmurd Hlrhg alo sghrgml, estl å, qug plssud Hlrhgs. Rlmg sgr mg 1, = lu odes Hlrhgs, ples ds lpgrdè÷gs lpgrdè÷gs sál vä`emds pdrd pdrd qud`qugr qudftemdmg. qudftemdmg. ^dols ute`ezdr uod alo = Hlrhgs.
Ngrrdogftds Fgagssäreds Lpgrdè÷gs; 7;4- Ygterg d ngajdmurd md plrtd. (Nehurd 17).
• Rdquïogtrl lu råhud • Alopdssl • @eod ajdtd • @eod nl`jd mg l`evgerd • Ajdvg mg ngfmd • D`eadtg 7;9- ]gfjd go oáls d ajdvg verhgo dmgqudmd. (Nehurd 1>). 7;1- ]erg ds ogmemds md d`turd g `drhurd md p`dad. Alfnlrog gxp`eadè÷gs nlrfgaemds fl prlagmeogftl =, etgfs =;1, =;= g =;7 . (Nehurd 18). 7;=- Alfnerd gssds ogmemds alo ds md p`dad md ajdvg verhgo. Qg jluvgr mengrgfèd pdrd odelr, `eog alol kä
.
gfsefdml. (Nehurd 1:). 7;7- Odrqug d adfd`gtd, fd p`dad md ajdvg verhgo g `eog dtå d prlnufmemdmg emgd` (vgr prlagmeogftl 1 etgfs 1;> g 1;8 ). (Nehurd 15). 7;>- Gxpgreogftg d ajdvg fd gftrdmd md ngajdmurd. G`d mgvg gftrdr go doils ls `dmls sgo rdspdr fds pdrgmgs md adexd. (Nehurd =2). 7;8- Mgsolftg d ngajdmurd. Ndèd essl alo ouetd dtgfèál g auemdml. Ygterg ls pdrdnusls md tdopd md adexd. Ygterg uod plr uod ds Hlrhgs, fuogrdfml-ds 4, 9, 1 g =, fd ogsod sgqðëfaed. Gssd prgaduèál å eoplrtdftg pdrd, fl ologftl md olftdhgo, fál sg oumdr l sghrgml. Qg fgagssärel, dpñs d rgterdmd md û`teod Hlrhg, plmg-sg terdr d `efhðgtd. (Nehurd =4). 7;:- Rdrd d olftdhgo prlagmg-sg mg olml efvgrsl. Al`lqug d `efhðgtd, d sghuer d Hlrhg f» =, f» 1, f» 9 g nefd`ogftg d f» 4. (Nehurd =9). `efhðgtd, al`lqug d ajdvg fd ngajdmurd tgf7;5- Mgsolftdmd d ngajdmurd, mgexdfml go sgu eftgrelr slogftg d `efhðgtd, tg dvdfèdr g rgal`jgr d `efhðgtd. Qg g`d lpgrdr gssgs olveogftls sgo meneau`mdmg å plrqug d d`turd md p`dadmd ajdvgg gstä ild. Adsl alftr ajdv alfträrel, ärel, jdvg jdvgrä rä fgag fgagssemd ssemdmg mg mg rgd`ez rgd`ezdr dr dkust dkustgs. gs. (Nehurd =1).
AWYQL MG AJD^GEYL ‑ RDQQL D RDQQL 4
:
EFQ]E]W]L WFE^GYQD@ IYDQE@GEYL
7;42 - Dagrtdmd d p`dad md ajdvg, al`lqug d =ª Hlrhg, kuftl â `efhðgtd. (Nehurd ==).
Herg d ajdvg g vgrenequg sg dl `gvdftdr d Hlrhg l pefl trdvd md `efhðgtd nead `evrg pdrd pgroeter ls sgus olveogftls. Adsl alfträrel al`lqug d ajdvg fd olrsd g `eog alo l mlrsl md `eod, d advd lfmg d = ª Hlrhg idtgu. ^ä `eodfml dtå l pefl trdvd neadr `evrg mgstrdvdfml d Hlrhg. (Nehurd =7). Alol ds Hlrhgs tëo gspgssurds ehudes, vlaë plmg mevemer d p`dad md ajdvg go 7 pdrtgs. 7;44 - Al`lqug d tgragerd Hlrhg g rgpetd d lpgrdèál dftgrelr. Gxpgreogftg d ajdvg pdrd vgreneadr sg g`d, dl suier `eigrd d Hlrhg ml pefl trdvd md `efhðgtd. Qg fál `eigrdr, jä fgagssemdmg mg dnufmdr odes d advd. D advd mgstd 1ª Hlrhg, plmg rgsu`tdr go uod advd odes rdsd lu odes nufmd qug d dftgrelr, fuo mgftg ehud` lu ogflr qug ds `dtgrdes. Fgstg gxgop`l g`d rgsu`td odes nufmd qug md =ª Hlrhg. (Nehurd =>). 7;49 - Al`lqug d 9ª Hlrhg, g rgpetd ds lpgrdè÷gs dftgrelrgs. ^laë vde fltdr qug gstd advd tgo d ogsod prlnufmemdmg qug d md advd md =ª Hlrhg. Estl dalftgag plrqug d p`dad md ajdvg pdrd gstg tepl mg ngajdmurd å seoåtread, `lhl d preogerd ogtdmg å ehud` â sghufmd ogtdmg. (Nehurd =8). Rlr essl, sgoprg qug nlr ndzgr ajdvg pdrd ngajdmurd Hlrhg oû`tep`ds, idstd dajdr ds advds g ls mgftgs md preogerd ogtdmg. Dajdr mg muds ogtdmgs pdrd = Hlrhgs3 pdrd 1 sg nlr mg > Hlrhgs, g dsseo plr medftg.
Nehurd 17 - Ygterg d ngajdmurd md plrtd.
Nehurd 1> - ]gfjd d ajdvg verhgo dmgqudmd.
Nehurd 1: - Alfngrefml ds ogmemds alo ds md
Nehurd 15 - Odradfml d adfd`gtd.
p`dad md ajdvg verhgo.
AWYQL MG AJD^GEYL ‑ RDQQL D RDQQL 4
Nehurd Nehur d 18 - ]erdfml d ogmemd md `drhurd g d
d`turd md p`dad.
Gxpgreogftd ftdfml fml d ajd ajdvg vg fd Nehu Ne hurd rd =2 - Gxpgreog gftrdmd md ngajdmurd.
5
EFQ]E]W]L WFE^GYQD@ IYDQE@GEYL
Lrmgo pdrd mgsolftdr ds hlrhgs = 1 9
4 = 1 9
4 Lrmgo pdrd olftdr ds hlrhgs Nehurd =4 - Mgsolftg d ngajdmurd.
Nehurd Nehur d =9 - Rrlagmeogftl pdrd olftdhgo.
Nehurd =1 - Al`lqug d ajdvg fd ngajdmurd.
D `eod alogèd fd advd md qudrtd advd
Refl ]rdvd
4d advd (=d hlrhg) prlftd
Rrlftl l preogerl mgftg ml trdtlr
4d mgftg Nehurd Nehur d == - Alladfml d =ª Hlrhg.
Nehurd =7 - Fál nufaelflu, `eog odes uo plual d advd md =ª Hlrhg.
42 mgftg (qug eopu`selfd d `efhugtd)
9d ogtdmg md p`dad, efvgrsdogftg ehud` d 4 d ogtdmg
Advd md = d hlrhg
Advd md 1 d hlrhg
4d ogtdmg md p`dad
Nehurd Nehur d => - Advd md 1ª Hlrhg.
Nehurd =8 - Al`lqug d 9ª Hlrhg.
Rrlagmeogftl F» > Alfngaèál g Quistetueèál md Ol`d md Hlrhg Ds ol`ds mds Hlrhgs alstuodo qugirdr lu pgrmgr d n`gxeie`emdmg dpñs d`huo tgopl mg usl. Rlrtdftl, d sud suistetueèál å ouetl alouo fd prlnessál ml ajdvgerl.
Ngrrdogftds Fgagssäreds • ]d`jdmgerd pgqugfd • Rufèál • Odrtg`l • D`e D`eadt adtgg • Dral mg sgrrd AWYQL MG AJD^GEYL ‑ RDQQL D RDQQL 4
42
EFQ]E]W]L WFE^GYQD@ IYDQE@GEYL
>;4 - Rrgfmd d hlrhg fd olrsd. (Nehurd =:). >;9- Ygterg alo d pgqugfd td`jdmgerd l pgmdèl md ol`d qugirdmd lu ogsol d ol`d gfnrdqugaemd. (Nehurd =5). >;1- Alrtg alo l d`eadtg uo pgmdèl mg drdog n`gxïvg` (drdog mg ol`d), fd ogmemd ml lrehefd`. Qg estl fál nlr
plssïvg`, alrtg odelr g fd jlrd md olftdhgo md ogsod fd ngajdmurd dagrtg l tdodfjl. (Nehurd 72). >;=- ^grenequg l alrtg mg gfadexg md ol`d fd Hlrhg. Qg gstevgr ouetl digrtl, pg`ds idtemds md td`jdmgerd fd rgolèál, å prgaesl ngajä-`d, idtgfml alo l odrtg`l. (Nehurd 74). Dl alfträrel, sg gstevgr ouetl ngajdmd lu rgidridmd, dagrtg alo d `éoefd mg sgrrd. >;7- Dagrtdml l alrtg gfadexg l drdog g dpgrtg-l gftrg ls olrmgftgs md olrsd lu idtd slirg l drdog alo l odrtg`l, slirg uod idsg mg ngrrl, qug plmg sgr d pgqugfd iehlrfd md idsg nexd md olrsd. (Nehurd 79). >;>- Ogsol qug l drdog pdrgèd gstdr igo nexl, å fgagssärel pufaelfdr, go tlmd vl`td ml alrtg, pdrd qug d gxpdfsál ml odtgred` og`jlrg d nexdèál. (Nehurd 71).
Nehurd =: - Rrgfmgfml d Hlrhg fd olrsd.
Nehurd =5 - Ygterdfml d ol`d qugirdmd.
Nehurd 72 - Alfngaèál mg lutrd ol`d.
Nehurd 74 - Ngajdfml l alrtg mg gfadexg md
Nehurd 79 - Gfadexdfml l drdog.
Nehurd Neh urd 71 - Rufaelfdfml pdrd uod og`jlr
nexdèál
ol`d
Rrlagmeogftl F» 8 Alfngaèál md Ajdvg Hlrhg plr eoprgssál Gstd å uod tdrgnd eoplrtdftg pdrd l ajdvgerl, ples alo g`d å rgsl`veml mles prli`gods mg uod sñ vgz. Å l adsl, plr gxgop`l, md fgagssemdmg mg digrturd g alfngaèál md ajdvg mg alnrgs, aukd ngajdmurd å ml sestgod Hlrhg g flrod`ogftg sl`mdmd fd plrtd ml alnrg. Rlråo, plmg sgr dp`eadmd go qud`qugr tepl mg ngajdmurds Hlrhgs oû`tep`ds lu alo sghrgmls, dtå ogsol pdrd ds pgqugfds ngajdmurds mls oñvges AWYQL MG AJD^GEYL ‑ RDQQL D RDQQL 4
44
EFQ]E]W]L WFE^GYQD@ IYDQE@GEYL
Ngrrdogftds Fgagssäreds • @eod ajdtd olrsd • @eod nl`jd mg l`evgerd Lpgrdè÷gs;
- Rreogerdogftg gsal`jd d ajdvg verhgo dmgqudmd â ngajdmurd. Fl adsl l d`ufl plmgrä usdr uod ngajdmurd mg uo oñvg` mg sud adsd, go hgrd` hudrmd-rlupd, lu dmquerer uod plr sgr uod ngajdmurd mg idexl austl. - Mg plssg md ajdvg, ndèd ls dagrtls kä gfsefdmls dftgrelrogftg, qug å l dagrtl md d`turd, `drhurd g prlnufmemdmg, sg fgagssärel md p`dad md ajdvg. 8;4- Fl adsl mg ngajdmurd mg alnrg flrod`ogftg fál tgols l rgssd`tl md ajdvg, plrtdftl d ajdvg fál plssue adfd`gtd, ods seo uo nurl pdrd gfadexdr fl pefl goiuteml fd ngajdmurd. (Nehurd 7=). 8;9- Fgstgs dagrtls, prefaepd`ogftg fd `eodhgo md d`turd md p`dad, å eoplrtdftg qug ds quefds nequgo igo vevd (adftl vevl). (Nehurd 77). 8;1- Ngetl ls dagrtls al`lqug d ajdvg fd ngajdmurd g herg-d pdrd vgreneadr sg g`d gstä pdssdfml, lu og`jlr gftrdfml fd ngajdmurd. (Nehurd 7>). Qg fál herdr å plrqug d `drhurd md p`dad defmd fál gstä alrrgtd. Qg herdr nlrèdmd, rdspdfml fds `dtgrdes md adexd, å plrqug prgaesd sgr dkustdmd. 8;=- Wod vgz ngetl gstg dkustg, vä herdfml d ajdvg fl sgfteml mg direr dtå qug g`d pdrg dl gfalstdr fd Hlrhg odes idexd. Nlrag uo plual efml g vl`tdfml d`huods vgzgs pdrd qug ds Hlrhgs odes d`tds odrqugo d quefd md ajdvg. (Nehurd 78). Qg gfalftrdr d`huod meneau`mdmg pdrd pgragigr gssd odrad, peftg gssd supgrnïaeg alo teftd hudajg irdfad, gsod`tg mg ufjd lu dtå ogsol nuodèd mg vg`d. Qg usdr pefturd, fltdrä ndae`ogftg qug dl nlrèdr d ajdvg alftrd ds Hlrhgs, Hlrhgs, d teftd rgterdmd tlrfd d odrad odes vesïvg`. vesïvg`. 8;7- Alo d ajdvg prgsd fd olrsd efeaedols l dprlnufmdr d 4ª advd alo uod `eod nl`jd mg l`evgerd ehud` d `drhurd md odrad mgexdmd, go hgrd` 9 oe`ïogtrls. (Nehurd 7:). D prlnufmemdmg mgvg sgr rdsd. Rdssg teftd dhlrd fl nufml mgssd advd g tgstg d ajdvg. ]erlu d teftd, dprlnufmg odes d advd, pdssg d teftd g gxpgreogftg. Estl å rgpgteml dtå qug d teftd ml nufml md advd fál sgkd odes rgterdmd. Essl sehfenead qug kä ajghlu fd prlnufmemdmg alrrgtd. Estl tdoiåo å pgragieml, qudfml eftrlmuzeols d ajdvg g dl herdrols fltdols qug g`d dvdfèd, g pärd go lutrds Hlrhgs. 8;>- Mgples mg alfa`uïmd d 4ª advd. Ygpetd l prlagssl. Reftg flvdogftg d supgrnïaeg md ajdvg, eftrlmuzd d ajdvg, nlrèdfml-d fl sgfteml mg direr, pdrd odradr d prñxeod (lu prñxeods) advd d sgr `eodmd. (Nehurd 75).
Eoplrtdftg Ogsol usdfml teftd, `eodr sgoprg alo adftls vevls, dkumd idstdftg fd emgfteneadèál. Lutrl plftl d sgr rgd`èdml å qug â ogmemd qug sg al`lad d ajdvg fd ngajdmurd g sg nlrèd fl sgfteml mg direr, g`d vde dmgftrdfml odes fd ngajdmurd, l qug sehfenead sud pdssdhgo pg`d Hlrhg. - Wod vgz alfstdtdmd d sghufmd odrad, pdssg d `eodr alfnlrog ngetl fd preogerd. Dprlnufmg dls pluals, peftg l nufml md advd g gxpgreogftg.]log auemdml pdrd fál "gsalrrghdr" d `eod efvdmefml l gspdèl mg lutrds Hlrhgs. - Alfa`uïmd d 9ª advd, gxpgreogftg d ajdvg, qug dvdfèd odes uo plual g pärd fd 1ª Hlrhg. Rdssg teftd, g tlrfg d eftrlmuzer d ajdvg, nlrèdfml-d fl sgfteml mg direr. Nealu vesïvg` d 1ª odrad pdssg d `eodr alol mds vgzgs dftgrelrgs. - Ngetd d 1ª advd, gxpgreogftg d ajdvg, g odrqug d =ª advd. Ygpetd d lpgrdèál mg `eodhgo pdrd gstd advd qug fl adsl sgrä d û`teod. - Alop`gtdmd d =ª advd, dl gxpgreogftdr d ajdvg g`d mgvg herdr direfml d ngajdmurd. Adsl sgkd ngajdmurd aukd `efhðgtd tgo dpgfds uo dvdfèl. Qg nlr mg mles dvdfèls, alftefug herdfml d ajdvg. Adsl g`d fál alop`gtg l herl pdrd puxdr d `efhðgtd, rgterg d ajdvg g vgrenequg go qug advd lu mgftgs dpdrgago ds odrads. @eog dls pluals gssgs plftls dtå d ajdvg herdr g direr. AWYQL MG AJD^GEYL ‑ RDQQL D RDQQL 4
49
EFQ]E]W]L WFE^GYQD@ IYDQE@GEYL
]gstg väreds vgzgs d ajdvg g vgrenequg sgu nufaelfdogftl, qug mgvg sgr odael, sgo trdfals lu gsnlrèls. Adsl g`d herg nlrèdmd, vgrenequg lfmg gstä l mgngetl, idstdfml, pdrd essl vgreneadr go qug mgftg lu advd gstä dpdrgagfml uo ire`jl. Ygidexg uo plual fgssg plftl g alo agrtgzd gstdrä sl`uaelfdml l prli`god. (Nehurd >2). Dtgfèál; Ad Adsl sl dl tgroe tgroefdr fdr d =ª advd g gxpgreogftdr d ajdvg, gstd fál alop`gtdr l herl pdrd
rgal-`jgr d `efhðgtd, dl terä-`d erä vgreneadr qug d d`turd ml mgftg qug alrrgsplfmg dl mgftg trdtlr gstä d`tl l qug sehfenead sehfenead qug tlmd d p`dad md ajdvg gstä d`td.Mgvg-s d`td.Mgvg-sgg gftál idexdr d d`turd ml mgftg lu mgft mgftgs gs d`tls. (Nehurd >4).
Adftls vevls D ajdvg pdssd pg`ds `dtgrdes md adexd
Nehurd 7= - D ajdvg fál plssue adfd`gtd.
Nehurd Neh urd 77 - Ds quefds tëo qug neadr igo
vevds
Ire`jl
Nehurd >2 - ^gkd sg d advd gstä alo ire`jl.
AWYQL MG AJD^GEYL ‑ RDQQL D RDQQL 4
nufaelfdfml.
Odrad md flvd advd, dprlnufmdr dtå mgsdpdrgagr.
Odrad md 4d advd
Nehurd 78 - Reftg d supgrnïaeg alo gsod`tg.
^grenequ qugg sg d aj ajdv dvgg gs gstä tä Nehur Ne hurd d 7> - ^grene
Nehurd 7: - Rdssg d teftd fd advd.
Ygpgtefml prlagss prlagssll pdrd Nehu Ne hurd rd 75 - Ygpgtefml odradr ds prñxeods advds pdrd `eodr.
4d eoprgssál fd plftd p`dad d`td
Nehurd >4 - Alfa`uïmd d añped md ajdvg.
41
EFQ]E]W]L WFE^GYQD@ IYDQE@GEYL
Rrlagmeogftl F» : Digrturd Digrt urd mg ngajdm ngajdmurds urds Hlrhg Hlrhgs s D digrturd mg ngajdmurds Hlrhgs plmgrä sgr ngetd alo uod mds muds ngrrdogftds qug vdols gfsefdr fgstd tdrgnd.
Ngrrdogftds Fgagssäreds • Odrtg`l • @eod ajdtd oursd • Rgmrd mg mgsidstg pdrd gsogre` lu pdrd nurdmgerd
Alfngaèál Alfnga èál md Rreoge Rreogerd rd Ngrrdo Ngrrdogftd gftd (‐Ajdvg‟) OD]GYED@;
• Ajdvg Hlrhg qud`qugr Lpgrdè÷gs; :;4- Rghug d ajdvg Hlrhg verhgo g `eog fd d`turd g `drhurd mg dalrml alo l tepl mg gftrdmd md ajdvg. (Nehurd >9). :;9 - @eog d gspgssurd md ajdvg dtå qug g`d pdssg pg`l rgssd`tl gxestgftg fl adfd` md ajdvg. (Nehurd >1).
Lisgrvg qug d p`dad nead igo nefd g fál ouetl rgsestgftg. Rlr estl gstd ajdvg, qug dhlrd å uod ngrrdogftd qug neadrä d sud mesplseèál fl sgu med-d-med, fál mgvgrä sgr ouetl nlrèdmd. Qál fgagssäreds 1 ajdvgs alo d`turd mg p`dads mengrgftgs odes lu ogfls alo 8, 42 g 49oo. (Nehurd >=).
Nehurd >9 - Ygd`ezg ls dagrtls...
Nehurd Neh urd >1 - ...dtå qug d ajdvg pdssg pg`l
adfd` md ajdvg.
Nehurd >= - Alfa`uïmd d ngrrdogftd ‐ajdvg‟.
Alfngaèál Alfnga èál md Qghufm Qghufmd d Ngrrdo Ngrrdogftd gftd (‐Drdog‟) OD]GYED@;
Wo drdog mg odes lu ogfls 92 ao mg alopreogftl, g 1 oe`ïogtrls mg meéogtrl. Wo odtgred` ilo g idrdtl pdrd gstd ngrrdogftd å l rdel mg drl mg rlmd mg oltl. Lpgrdè÷gs; :;=- Dhlrd pghug l drdog lu rdel mg rlmd g prgfmd fd olrsd, rgterg d plrquefjd md plftd g alrtg alo d sgrrd
d pdrtg md rlsad. (Nehurd >7). Ygterg l drdog md olrsd. :;7 - Al`lqug l drdog fd olrsd fd plseèál vgrtead`, mgexdfml uod plftd mg dprlxeodmdogftg 42 oe`ïogtrls pdrd aeod. (Nehurd >>). - Mlirg gssd plftd alo l d`eadtg g alop`gtg d mlirdmurd d 52²(hrdus) alo l odrtg`l. Ygterg l drdog md olrsd. flvdogftg l drdog fd olrsd g mlirg pdrd ndzgr ndzgr d gopufjdmurd. gopufjdmurd. (Nehurd >8). :;>- Al`lqug flvdogftg Gssd mlird mgvg neadr d odes lu ogfls > ao md plftd mlirdmd g d 52²(hrdus). Ygterg l drdog md olrsd. :;8- Rrgfmd-l fd olrsd fd plseèál olstrdmd fd nehurd >:, pdrd ndzgr d 9ª mlird md gopufjdmurd. Dhlrd alo l d`eadtg mlirg odes lu ogfls 12 ²(hrdus), odes md ogtdmg md 4ª mlird. :;:- Alo gssd mlird alfa`uïols d ngrrdogftd qug mgvg neadr alfnlrog nehurd >5. AWYQL MG AJD^GEYL ‑ RDQQL D RDQQL 4
4=
EFQ]E]W]L WFE^GYQD@ IYDQE@GEYL
42 oe`ïogtrls
Rrlagmeogftl pdrd efeaedr d 4ª mlird
Nehurd >> - Al`lqug l drdog fd plseèál vgrtead` fd olrsd.
Nehurd >7 - Rrgfmd l rdel fd olrsd
Rrlagmeogftl pdrd efeaedr d 9ª mlird
4ª mlird md gopufjdmurd
Ngrrdogftd alfa`uïmd
Nehurd >8 - Alfngaèál md 4ª gopufjdmurd.
Mlirg l drd drdog og odes lu ogfls Nehu Ne hurd rd >: - Mlirg 12²(hrdus) pdrd alfngaaelfdr d 9ª gopufjdmurd.
Nehurd >5 - ^gkd d ngrrdogftd prlftd.
Dtgfèál; ^gkdols dhlrd alol dp`eadr gssds ngrrdogftds fd digrturd mg ngajdmurds Hlrhg ûfead g ds dtudes dtude s mg plrtds eftgrfds alo l ogso ogsol l ogad ogadfesol fesol Ud`g.
^dols usdr preogerdogftg d ngrrdogftd "ajdvg". :;5- Eftrlmuzd d ajdvg fd ngajdmurd. Dhlrd vgrenequg d plseèál md ngajdmurd fd plrtd sg g`d ngajd pdrd d mergetd lu pdrd d gsqugrmd. Quplfml qug g`d ngajg pdrd d mergetd, merekd d ajdvg pdrd d mergetd g vä herdfml-d pdrd d gsqugrmd mg nlrod qug g`d `gvdftg ` gvdftg d Hlrhg ûfead lu l ogadfesol mg dvdfèl, fl adsl mds odes olmgrfds. (Nehurd 82).
- Kä l drdog å odes, dprlpredml pdrd ds ngajdmurds dtudes, ples g`g `gvdftd l ogadfesol mg dvdfèl, ples gstds ngajdmurds fál plssugo Hlrhgs. :;42 - Eftrlmuzd l drdog fl adfd` md ajdvg. Lisgrvg d plseèál mg ngajdogftl md plrtd, sg pdrd mergetd lu pdrd gsqugrmd. Merekd d plftd ml drdog pdrd l `dml mg rgtlrfl md `efhðgtd alfnlrog nle ngetl alo d ajdvg, `gvdftg l ogadfesol mg dvdfèl g herg l drdog pdrd rgtlrfdr d `efhðgtd. (Nehurd 84). Rdrd digrturd mg ngajdmurds Hlrhgs oû`tep`ds, lu alo sghrgml rgalogfmdsg ndzgr d digrturd plr eoprgssál alfnlrog gfsefdml.
Nehurd 82 - Wte`ezdfml d 4ª ngrrdogftd ‐ajdvg‟.
AWYQL MG AJD^GEYL ‑ RDQQL D RDQQL 4
Nehurd 84 - Wte`ezdfml d 9ª ngrrdogftd ‐drdog‟.
47
EFQ]E]W]L WFE^GYQD@ IYDQE@GEYL
Rrlagmeogftl F» 5 Alfngaèál mg uo Rlrtd Refls g Ol`ds Gstg å uo mesplsetevl ouetl ûte` pdrd l prlnesselfd` ajdvgerl, ples å fg`g qug sg al`lad ls pefls, alftrd pefls g ol`efjds ml sestgod Ud`g, qudfml md mgsolftdhgo ml ae`efmrl.
Ngrrdogftds Fgagssäreds • Nurdmgerd • Irlad pdrd odmgerd ml tepl ajdtd mg 92oo • Yåhud • @äpes OD]GYED@;
• Wo pgmdèl mg odmgerd (täiud (täiud lu alop alopgfsd gfsdml) ml) mg fl oïfeol 9 ao mg gspgssurd, gspgssurd, 92 ao plr alopreogftl alopreogftl g : ao mg `drhurd. Lpgrdè÷gs;
- Mevemd gssd odmgerd go = pdrtgs ehudes fl sgfteml md `drhurd g go 8 fl sgfteml ml alopreogftl, g resqug alfnlrog olstrd ds nehurds 89. Ygnlrag alo uo pufèál lu prghl, ls aruzdogftls mds `efjds, fls plftls 4, 9, 1, =, 7, >, 8, :, 5, 42, 44 g 49. - Dhlrd alo d irlad mg odmgerd ml tepl ajdtl 92oo al`ladmd al`ladmd fd nurdmgerd, ndèd ls nurls alo uod prlnuf-memdmg prlnuf-memdmg oäxeod mg = oe`ïogtrls. (Nehurd 81). - Alop`gtg d nurdèál mls mlzg plftls. Dhlrd, md gsqugrmd pdrd d mergetd fuogrg mg 4 d 49 gftrg ds "idfmg kefjds", vdols ajdodr dsseo gssgs rgidexls ngetls pg`d irlad. (Nehurd 8=). Gstä alfa`uïml l mesplsetevl plrtd pefls g ol`efjds.
92 ao o a 9 o a 9
o a :
o a 9 o a 9
Nehurd Nehur d 89 - Ygd`ezdfml d odradèál fd odmgerd pdrd...
Nehurd Nehur d 81 - ...ndzgr ls nurls.
alftrd pefls g ol`efjds
4 Refl Qghrgml
8
9 :
1
=
7
5
42
44
>
49
Nehurd Nehur d 8= - ^gkd d pgèd prlftd.
AWYQL MG AJD^GEYL ‑ RDQQL D RDQQL 4
4>
EFQ]E]W]L WFE^GYQD@ IYDQE@GEYL
