Chapter II REVIEW OF RELATED RELATED LITERAT L ITERATURE URE
There are several existing technologies, literatures and studies that were used as the foundations of this study, and these are the following:
Inside the Kiosk: Cash Handling and e!"rit#
The article Inside the Kiosk: Cash Handling and Security discusses the need why there is a need to provide a very high measure of security in a Kiosk system TI! "etworks C!! #oseph "akhla has summed up the status of cash management as a very difficult $o% to do He mentioned &It is speciali'ed work, and taking shortcuts around manufacturing, transactions record keeping or cash collection processes will simply %ite you& The level of fraud has soared high compared to that of () years ago *raud could take any form such as inserting fake %ank notes or coin+to+string trick, and a kiosk machine that handles the cash should %e a%le to do its $o% %y handling cash securely The security of a Kiosk machine must %e technologically advanced as well to safeguard the client and to ensure that only the authentic %ank notes must %e accepted The vault where the money is stored must %e secured enough to hold the money until it will %e taken out from it %y an authori'ed personnel There are a num%er of kiosks that, %y default, offers the state of the art security systems However, according to #oseph "akhla, it is not a guarantee that having a secured Kiosk machine solves the pro%lem company must have the holistic approach in managing cash rather than $ust %y one or two components This
holistic approach must include all the people, processes, offices, hardwares, and softwares that are involved in cash handling -../ The researcher has utili'ed the concept of having a secured money collection scheme However, this study is limited to %uilding a secured device for cash handling, thus the researcher is only a%le to do necessary security measures in the device %y identifying a controlled group of users stored in a dedicated server, thus not anyone can use the system, minimi'ing the risk of sa%otage and fraud !nly the authori'ed users are allowed to use the system lso, the kiosk will %e integrated with an advanced technology to make sure that only the authentic %ank notes and coins will %e accepted The system design can %e integrated in the mentioned secured holistic approach %ecause the system itself has an already %uilt in security measures
Ho$ does UV Co"nter%eit &one# Dete!tion Work'
Currency counterfeiting is a common pro%lem around the world Special devices that are a%le to print currencies that look exactly the same as the authentic %anknotes proliferated and has successfully infiltra ted the market !ne device that checks the authenticity of %ank notes is the 01 Counterfeit 2oney 3etector It works %y scanning the 01 ink printed %anknotes %y a 01 light The 01 ink must %e specified %y the 0S 4ureau of 5rinting and 6ngraving The ink uses 01+fluorescent phosphors that c reate reactions under an ultraviolet light The %ank note7s 01 ink appearance remains hidden under normal lighting
The design of authentic %ank notes reveals patterns or words under the 01 light which is not visi%le under normal lighting -.8/ This has %ecome a glo%ally accepted method in identifying counterfeit currencies 3espite of its glo%a l acceptance an d afforda%ility, some esta%lishments have not utili'ed such device %ecause they opt to use human skills in identifying fake currencies, or advanced softwares and machines that train the acceptor to identify fake from authentic %ank notes In this study, the researcher has used the concept like that of the 01 2oney 3etector that allows the machine to detect fake currencies and its %enefits of having a counterfeit %anknote checker device Though the 01 money 3etector was not installed in the system, the researcher has integrated advanced means to check the authenticity of every %anknotes and coins inserted into the kiosk
A( )a#*ent Kiosk
( 5ayment Kiosk is a self+contained and secure technology created %y SC" C!I" which accepts payments through a device This technology can accept %ills, coins, and credit or de%it card, and it can disp ense the exact change for cash payments The machine is also a%le to print a rece ipt for every transactions done The main design of ( 5ayment Kiosk is used for applications such as %ill payment for the local government, transport sector for %us ticketing and for hospitals, pharmacies and medical charges Since ( 5ayment Kiosk was designed for commercial use, this can %e installed in any pu%lic place which can %e used anytime of the day for the convenience of the paying pu%lic -.(/
The researcher adopted the idea of having the convenience of a secured kiosk for paying for this has greatly increased human productivity However, the researcher focused on a kiosk system designed for the academe The main server and data%ase of this study is tailored fit for the acad eme7s master data%ases of its %onafide students 0nlike the ( 5ayment Kiosk, the users o f this system are predefined, thus adding more limitations and more security into it The predefined users of this system are identified through their student num%ers or employee num%ers
+i%t Card E,!hange Kiosks and Asso!iated ðods o% Use
The study conducted %y 6li'a%eth # 9arrick, Sarah C Heffernan, and alter 5aulsen is a kiosk system that validates, accepts and exchange gift cards for cash or redeema%le cash voucher The ;ift Card 6xchange Kiosk allows a gift card input through a user interface device or a card reader fter the kiosk system verifies the gift card7s authenticity, activation status and face value, it displays options for the costumer the methods of exchange The customer can either exchange it with cash or a redeema%le cash voucher The machine also stores the gift cards to %e sold again at the kiosk or any other remote location -.
A"to*ati! ettle*ent o% User A!!o"nt $ith Creditor Fro* Transa!tion Kiosk
The system utomatic Settlement of 0ser ccount with Creditor *rom Transaction Kiosk is an advanced, cutting edge technology that allows the clients to settle payment o%ligations through a remotely installed kiosk The kiosk system automatically sends notification to the user7s creditor a%out the transactions that has transpired The creditor recogni'es the transaction and automatically claims the cash asset paid %y the user The kiosk system acts as a %roker %etween the customer and the creditor The key application of this system are %anks -.=/ In this research, the researcher foresees the kiosk system to also act as a %roker %etw een the academe and the stud ent in the future, thus, the serv er and data%ase in this study was designed in accordance to that of the academe, which is the IST 0 lthough, the scope of this study was limited from doing automatic mediation transaction %etween the customer and the creditor, the design was %ased on the utomatic Settlement of 0ser ccount with Creditor *rom Transaction Kiosk on which future researchers who would want to enhance the system as an automatic %roker system will %e possi%le
The Use o% Kiosk Te!hnolog# in +eneral )ra!ti!e
The study was focused on the %enefit of a kiosk system for %oth patients and doctors or general p ractitioners >;5? ccording to the study, the kiosk system was placed at the waiting room of ;5 7s significant time saving difference has %een noted in ;57s and nurses as well as patients7 waiting time The study shows that the time saving would e@ual to at most . healthcare worker in a .):.8,))) healthcare A
patient ratio side from saving service and waiting time, the income was also enhanced resulting from thorough information gathering and @uality customer service The study could %e used as a %asis for a successful implementation of a kiosk system -.B/ The researcher has esta%lished the %enefit of a kiosk system as a time saving and income enhancing technology that is highly advantageous to %oth the organi'ation and its clients and customers The study Interactive Cash Collection Kiosk is seen as the same valua%le and %eneficial device for %oth the academe and its students %ecause it was designed to save service time, cut long @ueues, and offer a @uality customer service and experience
The A)E- ./// eries
The 56 D))), which is a product of 5yramid technologies from the 0nited States, is an advanced engineered indoor %ill acceptor device that is highly configura%le according to the client7s needs since it uses 3I5 switches This device is a%le to detect fraudulent or counterfeit %ills and has a self+ cali%ration mechanism !ther features also includes E9ighted arrows on %ill entry mechanism capture interest and increase usageF, E*lash updates using a 5CF, can %e used in multiple interfaces, E5inouts compati%le with other manufacturersF, E3ual+stage optical anti+ stringing technologyF, E 813C standard or optional .8)1C internal power supplyF, and is a%le to accept %ills up to D8mm wide The product, which is shown in *igure 8, is designed for kiosks It has an eight >G? position 3I5 switches which are located at the %ottom of the unit that
allows the device to %e configured easily The device can %e configured through a personal computer >5C? or a configu re cards if all 3I5 switches are switched off
*igure 8 The 56 D))) 4ill cceptor 3evice The configuration switches design is shown in *igure ( If all switches are off, it ena%les configuration via a 5C, however, if one switch is on, it overrides all other 5C configuration To accept different kinds of %ills, switches . through < must %e toggled to on or off depending on the desired %ills th e system must accept -.D/
*igure ( The Configuration Switch 3esign of 56 D))) Series The technology has %een esta%lished as a credi%le device that is a%le to accept %ills in a kiosk system, thus, the researcher has integrated the 56 D))) for 5hilippine peso in the study as the %ill acceptor that plays the ma$or role in accepting %ills as payment
Coin A!!eptor 0 )rogra**a1le 23 !oin t#pes4
The product, Coin cceptor, is a device that accepts B different types of coins This is highly programma%le that allows the system ad ministrator to train7 this device on what types of coins to accept This device is e@uipped with sensors that can %e trained to read the coin7s thickness, fall time, and diameter, thus ena%ling
it to accept an y countries currency To make this device wo rk according to o ne7s preference, this device must %e introduced to the valid coin s7 profiles %y inse rting a lot of coin sample This method programmed the coin acceptor to accept only coins that matches the profiles of the samples and re$ect coins that do not match sample coins7 profiles The coin acceptor, which is shown in *igure <, has the following features: >.? high accuracy >8? self+programma%le >(? a%le to accept B different types of coins of different denominations >=? a%le to accept coins from .D+()=mm in 3iameter and .8=+(8mm in Thickness >B? can %e set to stop accepting all coins and >D? a%le to release coins in $am -.G/
*igure < The Coin cceptor 3evice In this study, the researcher has used this highly efficient coin acceptor device that plays the ma$or role in accepting coins for the kiosk system
Ard"ino
rduino is a highly programma%le electronic platform that is a%le to accept input, perform processes %ased on simple or complex instructions called computer programs, and is a%le to provide the output Th is o pen+source electronic platform is a%le to accept remote instructions sent into its micro controllers on the %oard These instructions may%e coming from twitter or other we% sites, sensors, press on a %utton, or tap on a touch screen device rduino only re@uires arduino %ased programming language and arduino software to %e used This afforda%le platform has %ecome one of the most used technology for electronic pro$ects done %y students, ho%%yist, or Information Technology >IT? profession als %ecause of th e following features: >.? inexpensive >8? cross+platform which means it can %e used in different operating systems >!S? >(? Simple, clear programming environment which means it can %e used % y %e ginners >=? open source and extensi%le hardware which means that this technology can %e integrated with other hardware devices such as the %read%oard -.L/ The rduino 2ega, which shown in *igure =, is the rduino platform that has %een used in this study as the ma$or %ill controller for the kiosk system This technology is used to power up and power down %oth the %ill and coin acceptors and reads the data passed %y the coin and %ill acceptors to %e forwarded to the system7s program that performs the calc ulations
Ta%le . shows the summary of rduino 2ega *eatures The su mmary includes microcontroller type, o perating voltage, recommend ed Input 1oltage, maximum Input 1oltage, 3igital IM! 5ins, nalog Input 5ins, 3C Current per IM! 5in 3C Current for ((1 5in, *lash 2emory, S2, 665!2, and Clock Speed
*igure = The rduino 2ega -8)/ Ta%le I The Summary of the *eatures of rduino 2ega -8./ 2icrocontroller
Tmega.8G)
!perating 1oltage
=1
Input 1oltage >recommended?
D+.81
Input 1oltage >limits?
B+8)1
3igital IM! 5ins
=< >of which .= provide 52 output?
nalog Input 5ins
.B
3C Current per IM! 5in
<) m
3C Current for ((1 5in
=) m
*lash 2emory
.8G K4 of which < K4 used %y %ootloader
S2
G K4
665!2
< K4
Clock Speed
.B 2H'F
The rduino 0no (, whose image is shown in *igure B, is used in this study to read the coins that has %een inserted %y the user as payment, and it passes the data into the system program for computations
*igure B The rduino 0no -88/ Ta%le II The Summary * eatures of rduino 0no ( -88/ 2icrocontroller
Tmega(8G5
!perating 1oltage
=1
Input 1oltage >recommended?
D+.81
Input 1oltage >limit?
B+8)1
3igital IM! 5ins
.< >of which B provide 52 output?
52 3igital IM! 5ins
B
nalog Input 5ins
B
3C Current per IM! 5in
8) m
3C Current for ((1 5in
=) m
*lash 2emory
(8 K4 >Tmega(8G5? of which )= K4 used %y %ootloader
S2
8 K4 >Tmega(8G5?
665!2
. K4 >Tmega(8G5?
Clock Speed
.B 2H'
9ength
BGB mm
idth
=(< mm
eight
8= g
Ta%le II shows the features of rduino 0no ( which shows its 2icrocontroller type, !perating 1oltage, recommende d Input 1oltage, maximum Input 1oltage, 3igital IM! 5 ins, 52 3igital IM! 5ins, nalog Input 5ins, 3C Current per IM! 5in, 3C Current for ((1 5in, *lash 2e mory, S2, 665!2 Clock Speed, 9ength, idth, and eight
RD0/5VDC0L0C Rela#
The S3 Series elay S3+)=13C+S9+C, which is shown in *igure D, is manufactured %y Songle elay It is applied for technologies such as domestic appliances, office machine, audio, e@uipment, automo%ile, etc and is used for technologies such as remote control T1 receiver, monitor display, audio e@uipment, and high rushing current use application
*igure D The S3+)=13C+S9+C elay -8(/ The main feature of this device are the following: E>.? Switching capacity availa%le %y .) in spite of small si'e design for highdensity 5C %oard mounting techni@ue >8? 09, C09, T01 recogni'ed >(? Selection of plastic material for high
temperature and %etter chemical solution performance >=? Simple relay magnetic circuit to meet low cost of mass productionF The device has 8=)1C .), 8G13C .), Indicator 963s, and =1 control voltage -8(/ The study uses this device as a switch or channel for the two >8? arduinos that has %een set up in the kiosk system This device is connected to a ground connection that ena%les and disa%les the ground connection of %oth coin and %ill acceptors
THE IO 65/7/: 6/77
The International standard IS! 8=).) was set %y IS!> International !rgani'ation for Standardi'ation? and I6C >the International 6lectrotechnical Commission?, an independent, international non+government organi'ation which have .B( contri%uting mem%ers -8which are further su%divided into su% characteristics? that relate to static properties of software and dynamic properties of the computer system The model is applica%le to %oth computer systems and software productsF -8=/ *igure G shows the new @uality standards of the IS! 8=).) series The eight criteria for an internationally ac claimed software are functionality suita%ility, relia%ility, performance efficiency, opera%ility, security, compati%ility, maintaina%ility, and porta% ility
*igure G IS! 8=).) Software Nuality Characteristics -8B/ *unctionality suita%ility refers to the system7s functional appropriateness an d accuracy compliance relia%ility refers to maturity, availa%ility, fault tolerance, and recovera%ility compliance performance efficiency refers to time %ehavior and resource utili'ation compliance opera%ility refers to appropriateness, recognisa%ility, learna%ility, ease of use, attractiveness, a nd technical acce ssi%ility compliance security refers to confidentiality, integrity, non+repudiation, accounta%ility, and authenticity compliance compati%ility refers to co+existence and interopera%ility compliance maintaina%ility refers to modularity, reusa%ility,
analy'a%ility, changea%ility, modification sta%ility, and testa%ility compliance and porta%ility refers to adapta%ility, installa%ility, and replacea%ility complian ce -8B/ The scope of IS! 8=).) covers software products and computer systems The eight >G? @uality characteristics provides complete definition for specifying, measuring and evaluating system and software product @uality -8D/
