Chapter 2 REVIEW OF LITERATURE AND STUDIES This chapter shows the review of related literature that is essential for the study. The study focused about the Information System on Student Account System which has the capacity to process and generates output such as students’ payment. Literature Information System (IS) is the collection of information from one or more sources and the distribution of that information to one or more audiences. This sometimes involves those who have a stake in, or a right to that Information System. The Automated Management Systems help competitive companies streamline their business systems. Automated software can eradicate many tedious and time-consuming business tasks, making business management more effective. Advantages of an appropriately selected and correctly used automated management system include control over processes, clearer visibility of operations, supply chain streamlining, and more efficient information storage and recall. Such systems also can help a business increase efficiency, keep staff accountable, increase customer service, and bring greater value to the business. The dashboard viewing capabilities of most automated systems can help management quickly obtain a clear picture of operations by allowing instant access to quality management information, personnel updates and informational statistics. Superior business results often come from a complex understanding of performance and business strengths, and increased visibility can lead to better control over processes. Visibility software can also stream actual video feed over plant management or manufacturing floors at all times, making it accessible from any location.
Often in competitive industries knowledge is power, and access to information databases and libraries can help provide this power. Management information systems provide immediate access to historical and real-time data to help increase effective management. Programs are composed of hardware and automated software and have the capacity to compare data from all necessary departments. They usually are designed to archive, backup, and manage all files and documents as well. Internal processes such as inventory management, product planning and customer service can often be more easily managed by Automated Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) software. Through radio frequency identification (RFID) and other tracking and identification technologies, ERP programs handle supply chain interactions, such as invoicing, order tracking, and interacting with suppliers. For example, when inventory reaches a predetermined level, ERP systems send reorder forms to suppliers. Internet purchasing and delivery sites often use an ERP system, as response time must be rapid and orders often are individualized. Automated management systems can help reduce redundancy by quickly and accurately completing tasks that would take a human much longer and likely result in more errors. An example of this is the outsourcing of human resource departments. Human resources management software automates payroll calculation and issuance, logs employee updates and benefits status as well as sends out notices. Automated management systems cut time, employees and human error out of processes that once took more people and time to complete. Staff accountability also can be increased by automated management systems that are programmed to assign and track the completion of worker responsibilities. This can be done in the form of quotas, communication logs, and task reviews. Information logs require employees to document their leads, creating evaluation opportunities based on qualitative data. These
programs can help encourage employee growth and keep employees aware of their tasks, accomplishments and productivity. Customer satisfaction can be enhanced by automated relationship management systems as well. All client communication and information is stored digitally, becoming available from multiple locations. This helps to ensure speedy dispute resolutions and creates opportunities to capitalize on additional sales. Letters, fax, e-mail, SMS and other forms of communication distribute automatically through automated software. Customized mass communication through automated resource management systems can be designed to reflect information tailored to a customer’s historical purchasing trends or interests. Benefits of automated management systems can lead to increased business value, which often leads to increased profitability. To enhance the likelihood of this, the automated system and business software must be used efficiently. The use of the system must provide more value than the high costs of purchasing, implementing and training employees. In addition, the Students Information System (SIS) is an application that keeps track of student records such as name, address, teacher, classes, grades and other pertinent information. Once the information is inputted into the database, it will provide you with the ability to quickly get information related to a particular student and print out their vital records. Moreover, before universities have created their own bespoke student record systems, but with growing complexity in the business of educational establishments, organizations now choose to buy customizable within the shelf software. It can be that, modern student information systems are usually server-based, with the application residing on central computer server and are being accessed by client applications at various places within and even outside the school. During the year 1990s, student information systems have been changing and are fast adopted
through the presence of a web medium as a channel for accessing SIS without any hassle upon viewing student details and information. Ideally, educational institutions are under constant pressure to demonstrate both willingness and capacity to incorporate the latest developments in student information systems along with communications technology supporting various teaching ways. As Liao et al., (2007) asserts that SIS process within such technological sophistication does create precise knowledge edge, that such SIS application can be appealing to students and to the academic faculty as well as the parents. Thus, believing that technology is the repository of the bulk of the information that underpins society’s major enterprises and concerns and the medium of communication through which SIS interact with one another. Furthermore, SIS is transforming educational tactics understandings and school practices in relation to system information and to be able to assist better communication ground through SIS execution, as found within the heart of learning mechanisms (Liao et al., 2007). SIS as of today is changing what people is learning upon such as with the burgeoning of the Internet, the control exercised in the past by the Philippines from various departments of education and by individual teachers over pedagogical content may have diminished significantly. Through this new informative medium, resources of varying quality and provenance on virtually diverse subject matter are now available to the students. From this time, information security is a vital way in securing the data since it is the processes of protecting information and information systems from unauthorized access, use, disruption, or destruction. The terms information security, computer security and information assurance are frequently used interchangeably (Schneider, 2013). Another security measure to protect the information is using backup. A backup is a copy of a data file which is usually compressed and encrypted. Data back ups are usually done in
financial software through the software itself, but there are backup software and services that accomplish the task as well. Backed up files are restored, bringing data back into the software, in the event the original data file becomes unusable due to file corruption or a system failure such as a hard drive crash (Elmblad, n.d.). Related Studies Enrollment and cashiering systems plays an important role in an academic institution. In Poblacion Villanueva, Misamis Oriental an academic institution named Liberty Christian School used automated system for the school enrollment and cashiering system. The Liberty Christian School Enrollment and Cashiering System by Genny F. Abe-abe, Nyqueen D. Idol, Marc M. Magallano, Sandy Elvin S. Nulada, Sydney E. Sale, Cecilio P. Tongco, Jr.The Liberty Christian School is a Christian coeducational day school, named after Pastor Celis. It was established on November 28. The Liberty Christian manual enrollment and cashiering system was developed in 1993 and it’s unable to meet the growing demands for their students. Hence, it needs a reengineering and introduces new modification for the system in accordance to the fast-changing technology. The new well - enhanced automated system of Liberty Christian School Enrollment and Cashiering System has begun this year during the second semester of 2007-2008. The new system of Liberty Christian School has improved to the unsatisfactory performance of the old system. The certain flow of our program is inputting the necessary information of the students and supply the correct output of the enrollment, and the selected accounts of the students. There are certain necessities that have been added in the system, like, a student could possibly be accelerated or dropped out from class due to failed subjects of which the student could have made up or summer classes within that year. Also, the students could promptly ask for an assessment of his/her subjects together with his/her accounts. There are typical problems of the
system that has been established but because of this proposal the system is clarified and settled in some ways, such as records of students are easily updated and information are being retrieved accurately, accounting data is efficient with minimal accounting errors. Also, it enhances cashiering productivity.
