CHAPTER 2 RELATED REVIEW OF LITERATURE AND STUDIES
This chapter presents the related literature and studies, foreign and local, after the thorough and in-depth search done by the researchers. This will also present the synthesis of works stated to fully understand the different perspectives upon looking inside a broken family and its members.
Local Studies
The emotional maturity, anxiety and communication of a person is related to his behavioral behavioral attitude. These factors have been widely studied by researchers, researchers, specifically by Aquino Aquino et al. (!"#$, showing the comparison comparison between between the students belonging belonging to a broken family and and those that don%t. don%t. The study study shows shows that children who experience experienced d parental divorce tend to experience more psychological and socio-emotional challenges than peers from intact families. &n the other hand, despite many ad'ustment difficulties, these adolescents also show positive changes such as an impressive development of maturity and moral growth, a more realistic understanding understanding of finances, finances, and progression progression on taking new family roles and responsibilities.
&n the sociological sociological perspective, a study conducted by Tarro'a Tarro'a (!"!$ presents a closer look about the family relationships, relationships, structure and composition of ilipino families. ilipinos have been described as family-centered, and families have been observed to be closely-knit. closely-knit. )n !!", Ta Tarro'a reported in her book the results of the "**+ hilippine hilippine
alues urvey by the ocial /eather tation indicating that 0*1.1+2 of the ilipino respondents believe that the family was very important to their lives, *#2 believe that a child needed a home with both a mother and father to be happy, 1!.+32 disapprove of a woman having a child as a single parent without having a stable relationship with a man, and 14.#12 disagree that marriage was an outdated institution.0 These findings show that through a perspective of an adolescent, having a broken family equates to one%s poor emotional state, behavior and contentment.
)n the studies done by Tarro'a (!!4$, 5or'a (!!!$ and 6elos 7eyes (!!$ on adoptive families, ad'ustment of adopted children did not depend so much on their being adopted but more so on the acceptance and support of the adoptive families.
Foreig studies T!e I"#act o$ Fa"il% Se#aratio
According to the 8ournal of 9hild sychology and sychiatry, teenagers that is raised by a single-parent or in a blended family are three times more likely to seek a psychological help within a given year.
These are some statistics about the effect of divorce on children:
According to 6awson, twenty to thirty-five percent of children who are living with both biological parents are physically healthy than those from broken homes. 9hildren
who have divorced parents have greater possibility to experience in'ury, asthma, headaches and speech defects than those children whose parents are intact.
There is a current data which supports that stress in a broken family is mostly affecting the children. 6ivorce is seen, as the cause of the negative events and psychological distress to the youths.
&n the opposite side, a related article by 7ichards (!!4$ suggests that children of divorced parents can also have a better understanding of life. They can be more helpful in nature, caring and tolerant because of their experience. The fact that they have had to go through the parent separation can give them practical skills such as problem-solving skills. Their parents are not around so much that they have to take on the responsibility 6ivorce can be positive but it is mainly down to the parents to make it this way.
Foreig Literature
5ased on the article by ;c
those attributed to the lower
socioeconomic status of single parents and the short-term consequences of divorce. our factors are predictive of children%s ad'ustment to the divorce of their parents: the passage of time, the quality of the children%s relationship with their present parent, the level of conflict between parents, and the economic standing of the children%s family. )n
the first few years after a divorce, the children have higher rates of antisocial behavior, aggression, anxiety, and school problems than children in two parent families.
=ongla ("*1$ gave a common explanation for the problems found among the children of single parents has been the absence of a male adult in the family. The relationship between children and non-custodial fathers can be difficult. athers often become disinterested and detached from their children. )n one study by /allerstein and 5lakeslee ("*1*$, more than +! percent of fathers either did not visit their children or had no contact with them for over a year. The loss of a father in the family can have implications beyond childhood . >owever, the lack of a male presence may not be as critical as the lack of a male income to the family. The economic deprivation of singleparent family life, in combination with other sources of strain and stress, is a ma'or source of the problems experienced by both parents and children. >owever, some of these problems may be attributed to a decrease in available resources and adult super-vision? many of the negative effects disappear when there is adequate supervision, income, and continuity in social networks .
An early work by >ogan et al. (!!$ reveals that some families experienced a number of significant difficulties in addition to separation, such as alcoholism, domestic violence, parental depression. These difficulties may be intensified by the separation and present further barriers to children@s coping.
Local Literature Co#ig ad su##ort
)gnacio and erlas ("**3$ identified that the coping mechanisms of ilipinos during the family separation are the following:
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pirituality
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5ayanihancooperative endeavour
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9oncern for the welfare of others especially family members and how they can be helped
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=athering of family members
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&ver activity (overextension of one@s capacity$
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6oing relaxing activitiesrecreation
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9reativity
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>umourlaughter
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assivitydependency
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Anger and blaming others
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uspiciousness
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moking
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6rinking alcoholic beverages
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9rying
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6enial of the pain and gravity of the situation
/e can see in the list both healthy and unhealthy ways of ad'usting. 9hildren differed considerably in their experiences of parental separation, and therefore it is not possible to conclude that separation is either a Bpositive@ or Bnegative@ experience for children. >owever, some patterns of shared feelings and perspectives were identified, and these can contribute to greater insight into how children@s well-being can best be supported and enhanced following parental separation.
