Camera Movement PDF

Camera Work

Sunday, 31 October 2010

Camera Work Aims To identify the various shot types and techniques used in film, television, interactive media and games. To develop an understanding of camera technology and terminology.

To establish reasons why particular shots are chosen.


Camera Work OBJECTIVE CAMERA The attempt to suggest that the camera acts only as a passive recorder of what happens in front of it. The use of objective camera relies on de-emphasis of technique, involving minimal camera movement and editing.

http://www.psu.edu/dept/inart10_110/inart10/film.html


Camera Work SUBJECTIVE CAMERA Shots simulating what a character actually sees; audience, character, and camera all "see" the same thing. Much subjective camera involves distortion, indicating abnormal mental states. Shots suggesting how a viewer should respond are also called "subjective" (for example, a high-angle shot used to make a boy look small and helpless). http://www.psu.edu/dept/inart10_110/inart10/film.html


Dr, Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, 1931 cinematography by Karl Struss Sunday, 31 October 2010

Dr, Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, 1931 cinematography by Karl Struss Sunday, 31 October 2010

Camera Work Building Blocks of a Scene: Wide Shot / Long Shot Full Shot Medium Shot Close Up Two Shot


Camera Work Wide Shot aka Long Shot The wide/long shot is taken at a great distance. Almost always an exterior shot and shows much of the locale. Used a lot in Establishing shots. It is the opening shot of the scene and therefore tells us where we are.


Camera Work Wide Shot aka Long Shot Try to inject threads of narrative into the shot to grab the audiences attention and entice them to see ‘what happens next.’ A zoom towards a building tells the audience we are about to enter the building.


Dirty Harry, 1971 cinematography by Bruce Surtees


Dirty Harry, 1971 cinematography by Bruce Surtees


Camera Work Full Shot A full shot includes all of the subject. Whether it be a full shot of a person, object or a building.

Full Shot from Dawn of the Dead 1978 Sunday, 31 October 2010

Camera Work Medium Shot

Full Shot

Medium Shot

For example, a full shot of a helicopter includes all of the helicopter. A shot which includes the pilot and part of the door would be a medium shot. Sunday, 31 October 2010

Camera Work Medium Shot A medium shot is usually from the knee to waste up. Also known as Waist Shot or Mid Shot

Terminator 2: Judgment Day 1991, Cinematgoraphy by Adam Greenberg Sunday, 31 October 2010

Camera Work Medium Shot

Goodfellas 1990, cinematography by Michael Ballhaus

A medium shot is commonly used as it can capture facial reactions, body language and environment. Sunday, 31 October 2010

Camera Work Close Up aka Single A Close Up concentrates on a relatively small object. For example, CU on the characters face or CU on a mobile phone. A Single refers to a single character shot.


The Hurt Locker 2008, cinematography by Barry Ackroyd


Camera Work Extreme Close Up Extremely close to the subject. For example, ECU on the characters eyes or on the actors mouth.

2001: A Space Odyssey 1968, directed by Stanley Kubrick Sunday, 31 October 2010

2001: A Space Odyssey 1968, cinematography by Geoffrey Unsworth


2001: A Space Odyssey 1968, cinematography by Geoffrey Unsworth


Camera Work Two Shot A frame which contains two characters. Two shots are frequently used and are a fundamental peace of story telling.

Grand Theft Auto IV (2008) Sunday, 31 October 2010

Camera Work Three Shot A frame which contains three characters.

Splinter Cell: Chaos Theory (2005) Sunday, 31 October 2010

Camera Work Four Shot A frame which contains four characters.

The Inbetweeners (2010)


Camera Work Over the Shoulder

Red Dead Redemption (2009)


Camera Work Character Shots Head & Shoulders Big Head Cowboy Tight Two Dirty Single Clean Single


The Good, The Bad and the Ugly, 1966 cinematography by Tonino Delli Colli


The Good, The Bad and the Ugly, 1966 cinematography by Tonino Delli Colli


Camera Work Camera Angles Eye Level Birds Eye View High Angled Shots Low Angled Shots Oblique Angle


Camera Work Eye Level Most scenes in a film are photographed at eye level 5-6ft from the ground. The audience sees the event as if it were happening right in front of them. This shot is used to treat characters as equals and discourages the audience judging them and permits viewers to make up their own mind.


Camera Work Birds Eye View Shot from directly overhead the camera hovers from above like an all seeing all powerful God. The shot expresses an idea of fate.


The Shining, 1980 cinematography by John Alcott


The Shining, 1980 cinematography by John Alcott


Camera Work High Angled Shots The camera is tilted down and therefore the ground is in the background. A character seems harmless and insignificant. The higher the angle the more it tends to imply fatality.


Camera Work High Angled Shots

Red Dead Redemption (2009) Sunday, 31 October 2010

Dawn of the Dead 2004, cinematography by Matthew F. Leonetti


Dawn of the Dead 2004, cinematography by Matthew F. Leonetti


Camera Work Low Angled Shots The camera is tilted upwards and therefore the sky or ceiling is in the background. Can be used to inspire awe or excitement. Can also express authority and power. Heightens the importance of a subject.


Camera Work Low Angled Shots

Full Metal Jacket 1987 cinematography by Douglas Milsome



Starship Troopers 1997 cinematography by Jost Vacano



Starship Troopers 1997 cinematography by Jost Vacano


Commando 1985 cinematography by Matthew F. Leonetti Sunday, 31 October 2010

Commando 1985 cinematography by Matthew F. Leonetti Sunday, 31 October 2010


Terminator 2: Judgment Day 1991, Cinematgoraphy by Adam Greenberg Sunday, 31 October 2010

Camera Work Oblique Angle The lateral tilt of the camera. Suggests tension, transitions or impending movement

Evil Dead, 1981 cinematography by Joseph LoDuca

Image that slants to the right - Acting Forceful Image that slants to the left - Weak, Static Sunday, 31 October 2010

Modern Warfare 2 (2009)


Camera Dynamics


Camera Dynamics •

Pan

•

Dolly

•

Swish Pan

•

Dolly Zoom

•

Tilt

•

Hand Held

•

Pedestal

•

Floating

•

Truck/Track

•

Crane/Jib

•

Zooms

•

Helicopter


Camera Dynamics Pan Horizontal movement from a stable point. Look left and right, that’s panning.


Camera Dynamics Swish Pan Fast horizontal movement. Creates a motion blur. Can make the shot more subjective. Can be used as a transition into another shot or scene.


Camera Dynamics Tilt Vertical Movement from a stable point. Look up and down, that’s tilting.


Camera Dynamics Pedestal Moving the camera up or down without changing the horizontal or vertical axis. Physically moving the whole camera.


The Cameraman 1928, cinematography by Edward Sedgwick


The Cameraman 1928, cinematography by Edward Sedgwick


Camera Dynamics Truck/Track Motion Left or Right but not panning.


The Exorcist 1973, cinematography by Owen Roizman Sunday, 31 October 2010

The Exorcist 1973, cinematography by Owen Roizman Sunday, 31 October 2010

Camera Dynamics Zoom Changes the focal length of a camera lens to make the subject appear closer or further away. The timing of a zoom is critical because sometimes it can distract the viewer.


Camera Dynamics Dolly Motion towards or away. Physically move the camera closer or further away from the subject.


Camera Dynamics Dolly Zoom A cinematic effect that occurs when the camera pulls away from the subject as the lens is zoomed closer or vice versa.

1958 Sunday, 31 October 2010

Vertigo 1958, cinematography by Robert Burks Sunday, 31 October 2010

Vertigo 1958, cinematography by Robert Burks Sunday, 31 October 2010

Camera Dynamics Dolly Zoom Aka The Hitchcock Zoom,Vertigo Zoom, Jaws Shot,Trombone Shot, Zolly/Zido, Telescoping, Contra-Zoom and Reverse Tracking, The Dolly Zoom creates perspective distortion.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Contra-zoom_aka_dolly_zoom_animation.gif Sunday, 31 October 2010

1975

Jaws 1975, cinematography by Bill Butler


Jaws 1975, cinematography by Bill Butler


Camera Dynamics Hand Held When the camera operator films without the use of a tripod. This type of shooting is like news reel and documentary footage. It can be very unstable.


Camera Dynamics Floating The Steadicam was invented by Garrett Brown in 1971. Brown wanted to achieve smoother shots hand held rather that lay down bulky tracks which is time consuming, expensive and inflexible.


Garrett Brown Steadicam tests Sunday, 31 October 2010

Garrett Brown Steadicam tests Sunday, 31 October 2010

Rocky 1976, cinematography by James Crabe & Garrett Brown


Rocky 1976, cinematography by James Crabe & Garrett Brown


Camera Dynamics Crane/Jib A Crane or Jib can be used to achieve high or low angles and can move smoothly in most directions. They are bulky, expensive and can be tricky to operate.


Camera Dynamics Crane/Jib


Camera Dynamics Helicopter Footage shot from a helicopter can also achieve great results. It is also expensive and dependant on weather conditions.


Attenborough’s Journey (2010)


Attenborough’s Journey (2010)


Goodfellas 1990, cinematography by Michael Ballhaus Sunday, 31 October 2010

Goodfellas 1990, cinematography by Michael Ballhaus Sunday, 31 October 2010

Fallout: New Vegas 2010 Sunday, 31 October 2010

Fallout: New Vegas 2010 Sunday, 31 October 2010

Summary Building Blocks

Character Shots

Wide Shot / Long Shot

Head & Shoulders

Full Shot

Big Head

Medium Shot

Cowboy

Close Up

Tight Two

Two Shot

Dirty Single Clean Single


Summary Camera Angles Eye Level Birds Eye View High Angled Shots Low Angled Shots Oblique Angle


Summary Camera Dynamics •

Pan

•

Dolly

•

Swish Pan

•

Dolly Zoom

•

Tilt

•

Hand Held

•

Pedestal

•

Floating

•

Truck/Track

•

Crane/Jib

•

Zooms

•

Helicopter


Further Study READING Cinematography: Theory & Practise by Blain Brown DVD Visions of Light (1992) The Cutting Edge: The Magic of Movie Editing (2004) Hollywood Camera Work: The Master Course WEB LINKS http://www.tv-handbook.com/Composition%20and%20Camera%20Movement.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolly_zoom http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Contra-zoom_aka_dolly_zoom_animation.gif http://www.psu.edu/dept/inart10_110/inart10/film.html


Camera Movement PDF

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