Bahan Alat Penangkap Ikan

[mnt}s}n5 _}{lyad Lyadael

I}b} dnd hlntl ad{myg}nlbln }nq}b jdngb}ngln _mbfjlh Qdnggd [mydblnln* qdalb }nq}b ad{mye}lj imjdbln lql} }{ltl bfcmysdj jldnntl* cmngof{t cmc{myilntlb* cmnomqlb hly}s smdedn {mn}jds. Dsd aln s}s}nln i}b} dnd cmnelad qlngg}ng elwli sm{mn}hntl {mn}jds. [lgm jltf}q fjmh5 _}{lyad Lyadael.

Ilhln Ljlq [mnlngbl{ln Dbln Fjmh5 _}{lyad Lyadael

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I}b} clqmyd b}jdlh Ilhln Ljlq [mnlngbl{ln Dbln ads}s}n }nq}b cmngmcilngbln {mnadadbln aln {mngmqlh}ln {mnlngbl{ln dbln amngln q}e}ln Qly}nl cmcdjdbd bmclc{}ln* bmidlslln aln bmsmnlngln }nq}b cmngmnlj* cmc{mjlelyd* cmclhlcd* cmcmolhbln clsljlh ildb qmbndb cl}{}n sfsdlj smc}l tlng imybldqln amngln ilhln ljlq {mnlngbl{ln dbln amngln cmngg}nlbln {ydnsd{#{ydnsd{ aln cmqfal cmqfal tlng ildb aln imnly* smhdnggl cmn}ci}hbln bmtlbdnln tlng b}lq tlng cmnalslyd {fjl{dbdy aln {mydjlb}ntl smhlyd#hlyd I}b} dnd imydsd {mnemjlsln cmngmnld ilhln ljlq {mnlngbl{ dbln ild tlg smolyl jlngs}ng adg}nlbln }nq}b cmylbdq ljlq {mnlngbl{ dbln* cl}{}n ilhln tlng smolyl qdalb jlngs}ng cmci}q}hbln ilhln {lal {mngf{mylsdln ljlq {mnlngl{ dbln. _mcfgl i}b} dnd imycln`llq ilgd {mcilol. Bydqdb aln slyln tlng cmcilng}n alyd {lyl {mcilol slnglq adhlyl{bln }nq}b {myildbln aln cmndngblqbln c}q} i}b} dnd.

Elblyql* Amsmcimy 9;;7 [mt}s}n

¤ _mbfjlh Qdnggd [mydblnln # Qmbnfjfgd [mnlngbl{ln Dbln

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Ilhln Ljlq [mnlngbl{ Dbln Fjmh5 _}{lyad Lyadael

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AL@QLY D_D BLQL [MNGLNQLY††††††††..†††††††††.††††††††.. d AL@QLY D_D ††††..††††††††..†††††††††††††††††. dd AL@QLY QLIMJ†††††††††††..††††††††††††††††.. dp AL@QLY GLCILY††††††..†††..††††††††††††††††.. p AL@QLY QLIMJ.......................... ........................................ ............................ ............................ ............................ ............................ ...................... ........ pddd ILI D [MNALH]J]LN..††††††††..††††††††††††††††. < ILI DD _MYLQ LJLCD ........................... ......................................... ............................ ............................ ............................ ............................ .............. 1 9.<. _mylq Ljlcd ........................... ........................................ ........................... ............................ ............................ ............................ ..................... ....... 1 9.9. _mylq Q}ci}hln ........................... ......................................... ............................ ............................ ............................ .......................... ............ 0 9.9.<. _mylq Idedln ........................... ......................................... ............................ ........................... ........................... ......................... ........... 7 9.9.9. _mylq Al}nln................................... ................................................. ............................ ............................ ......................... ........... <; 9.9.?. _mylq B}jdq [fhfnln ......................... ....................................... ............................ ........................... ......................... ............ <; 9.9.1. _mylq I}lhln .......................... ........................................ ............................ ............................ ............................ .................... ...... <= 9.9.=. _mylq [fhfnln .......................... ........................................ ............................ ............................ ............................ .................. .... <0 9.?.

_mylq Hmwlnd ............................ .......................................... ............................ ............................ ........................... ........................... ................ <7

9.1. _mylq Cdnmylj ............................ .......................................... ........................... ........................... ............................ ............................ ................ .. 9; Ydngblsln (<$ ............................ .......................................... ........................... ........................... ............................ ............................ ......................... ........... 9< [myqlntlln Msslt (<$ .............................. ............................................ ........................... ........................... ........................... ......................... ............ 99 [djdhln Glnal (<$ ........................... ......................................... ........................... ........................... ............................ ............................ .................... ...... 99 Q}gls (<$ .......................... ........................................ ............................ ............................ ............................ ........................... ........................... .................... ...... 9? ILI DDD _MYLQ I]LQLN.......................... ........................................ ............................ ............................ ............................ ...................... ........ 91 ?.<. _mylq I}lqln .......................... ........................................ ............................ ............................ ............................ ............................ ................. ... 91 ?.<.?. Qlhl{ln [mci}lqln _mylq _dnqmqds ............................ .......................................... .......................... ............ 90 ?.9. Nlcl [yfa}b _mylq _dnqmqds............................ .......................................... ............................ ............................ .................... ...... ?< ?.9.<. [fjtlcdam ............................ .......................................... ............................ ........................... ........................... ........................ ..........?9 ?.9.9. [fjtmsqmy ........................... ......................................... ............................ ............................ ........................... .......................... ............. ?1 ?.9.?. [fjt{yf{tjmnm ............................ .......................................... ............................ ........................... ........................... .................. .... ?0 ?.9.1. [fjtmqhtjmnm ............................ .......................................... ........................... ........................... ............................ .................... ...... ?7 ?.9.7. [fjtpdntj Ljofhfj aln [fjtpdntj Ohjfydam .................................. .............................................. ............ ?4 ?.9.8. _lyln ........................... ......................................... ............................ ............................ ............................ ............................ ................. ... 1; Ydngblsln (9$ .......................... ........................................ ............................ ............................ ............................ ............................ .......................... ............ 1; [myqlntlln Msslt(9$ ........................... ........................................ ........................... ............................ ............................ ............................ ................ 1< [djdhln Glnal (9$ ........................... ......................................... ............................ ............................ ............................ ........................... ................... ...... 1< Q}gls (9$ ........................... ......................................... ............................ ........................... ........................... ............................ ............................ ................... ..... 19 ILI DP BJL_D@DBL_D ILHLN LJLQ [MNLNGBL[ DBLN ...................................... ...................................... 11 1.<. Bjlsd`dblsd Ilhln Ljlq [mnlngbl{ Dbln ........................... ......................................... ............................ ................. ... 11


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1.9.

Bfc{fnmn [mjlc{}ng ............................ .......................................... ............................ ............................ ........................... ............. 1= 1.9.< [mjlc{}ng Gdjjnmq ........................... ......................................... ............................ ........................... ......................... ............ 17 1.9.9 [mjlc{}ng [}ysm _mdnm ............................... ............................................. ............................ .......................... ............ 14 1.9.? [mjlc{}ng Qylccmj nmq ........................... ......................................... ............................ ........................... ............... .. =< 1.9.1 [mjlc{}ng Jfng Jdnm .......................... ........................................ ............................ ........................... ..................... ........ =9 1.?. Bfc{fnmn [mcimylq .......................... ........................................ ............................ ........................... ........................... ................... ..... =1 1.?.< Emnds#emnds {mcimylq............................ .......................................... ............................ ............................ ..................... ....... =8 1.1. Ilhln ljlq {mnlngbl{ tlng qmyi}q Jfglc ................... ................................. ............................ .................... ...... =8 1.=. Ilhln tlng Qmyi}lq alyd Ilhln Gli}ngln ............................. ........................................... ...................... ........ 0< Ydngblsln (?$ ........................... ......................................... ............................ ............................ ............................ ............................ ......................... ........... 01 [myqlntlln Msslt (?$ .............................. ........................................... ........................... ............................ ........................... ......................... ............ 0= [myqlntlln Glnal (?$ .............................. ............................................ ........................... ........................... ............................ ........................ .......... 0= Q}gls (?$ ............................ .......................................... ............................ ............................ ........................... ........................... ............................ .................. .... 00 ......................................... ............................ ............................ ..................... ....... 07 ILI PD«««_QY]BQ]Y ALN BFN_QY]B_D ........................... =.<.

_qy}bq}y Alsly _mylq .....................................................................................................

07

=.<.<. Ofnqdn}f}s @djlcmnq ......................................................................................... 07 =.<.9. _ql{jm @dimy .......................................................................................................

07

=.<.?. Cfnf`djlcmnq ...................................................................................................

08

=.<.1. _{jdq @dimy ..........................................................................................................

08

=.9.

Bfnsqy}bsd Imnlng ........................................................................................................

08

=.?.

Nmqqdng Tlyn.................................................................................................................. Tlyn..................................................................................................................

04

=.<.=. Tlyn ...................................................................................................................

04

=.<.0. _dngjm tlyn......................................................................................................... tlyn .........................................................................................................

7;

Imnlng Elydng ...............................................................................................................

7<

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=.<.7. Olijma nmqqdng qwdnm......................................................................................... qwdnm ......................................................................................... 7< =.<.8. Imnlng Elydng Lntlc........................................................................................ Lntlc ........................................................................................ 79 =.<.4. [dnqljln (Qwdsq$ .................................................................................................

7=

=.<.<;.L =.<.<;. LYLH««[DNQLJLN««(Adymoqdfn f` qwdsq$ f` qwdsq$ ................................................................... 7= =.<.<<._qylna =.<.<<. _qylna................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................

7=

=.<.<9.Bfm`dsdmn =.<.<9. Bfm`dsdmn {dnqljln .............................................................................................

70

Ydngblsln (1$............................................................................................................................ (1$ ............................................................................................................................

70

[myqlntlln Msslt (1$................................................................... (1$ ................................................................... Myyfy, Iffbclyb nfq am`dnma. [djdhln Glnal (1$......................................................................... (1$ ......................................................................... Myyfy, Iffbclyb nfq am`dnma. Q}gls (1$...................................................................................... (1$......................................................................................

Myyfy, Iffbclyb nfq am`dnma.

.......................................... ............................ ........................... ........................... .................. .... 8< ILI PD NFCFY ALN ]B]YLN............................ 0.<.

......................................... ............................ ......................... ........... 8< _dsqmc [mnfcfyln Imnlng Ymgdfnlj. ...........................

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......................................... ........................... ................... ..... 89 _dsqmc [mnfcfyln Imnlng Dnqmynlsdfnlj. ............................

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........................................ ............................ ............................ ............................ ............................ ............................ .............. 81 Y f { m ..........................


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7.?.< ]b}yln aln Bmb}lqln Qljd««aln Wdym ................................................................ 87 7.?.9 Bfnsqy}bsd wdym..................................................................................................

88

7.?.? ]b}yln Wdym jmlamy........................................................................................... jmlamy ........................................................................................... 4; 7.?.1 ]b}yln _mbdtlcl ..............................................................................................

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......................................... ........................... ............................ ............................ ................ .. 41 Bfc{fnmn Iylnoh Jdnm. ............................

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......................................... ........................... ............................ ............................ ................ .. <;; Bfc{fnmn [fjm & Jdnm ............................

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?. ?1«««Qljd [fjt{yf{mjmnm.........................................................................................................?0 [fjt{yf{mjmnm .........................................................................................................?0 ?. ?=«« [fjt{yf{tjmnm `dimy ONIC Dnqmynlqdfnlj Ofy{fylqdfn .................................................?7 ?. ?0«««[fjt{yf{tjmnm qwdnm lhsadymoq.of.}b ...........................................................................?7 ?. ?7«««[fjt{yf{tjmnm yf{ sljmsKyf{mslnaqwdnms.ofc..........................................................?7 ?. ?8«« [fjt{yf{tjmnm bnfqjmss nmqqdng {fbfynt‛sdqm.ou...........................................................?7 ?. ?4«« [fjt{yf{tjmnm nmq (wlynl cmylh$ ................................................................................?7 ?. 1;«« Wmiidng [M2 mnqshd{.ol ...............................................................................................?7 ?. 1<«««[fjtmqhtjmnm `dimy2 ¤ 9;;=«‛«9;;7 QHu _odmnom & Qmohnfjfgt Nmqwfyb ......................?8 ?. 19«««[M Tlyn2 _h}nt} Iylna ..................................................................................................?8 ?. 1?«««[M Qwdnm««[mnyf Dna}sqydms (Pdmqnlc$ Of.* Jqa..............................................................?8 Jqa. .............................................................?8 ?. 11«««[M Nmqqdng dclgms.lsdl.y}..............................................................................................?8 dclgms.lsdl.y} ..............................................................................................?8 ?. 1=«««[fjtmqhtjmnm yf{m««Tf}ng Ohlng Yf{m Of.* Jqa. ....................................................?8 ?. 10«««[fjtmqhtjmnm cfnf`djlcmnq2 Cfndo [jt Jdnm ................................................................?8 ?. 17«««[M Iyldama yf{m2 Hpljs{}a L_ .....................................................................................?4 ?. 18«««Qljd [PL..........................................................................................................................?4 [PL ..........................................................................................................................?4 ?. 14«« [PL `dimy2 Ohdnl Nlqdfnlj @dimy Ofy{. ...........................................................................?4 ?. =;«««B}ymcfl Qwdnm2 iltsdam{lyb.e{ ..................................................................................?4 ......... .........................................................................?4 ?. =<«««B}ymcfnl yf{m2 .........................................................................1; 1. < Imyilgld imnq}b {mjlc{}ng qylwj qmyi}lq alyd ilhln P[O tlng clsdh ad{yfa}bsd ....1= 1. 9 Ofnqfh imnq}b {mjlc{}ng [PO }nq}b qylwj* Iylna (<481$..........................................10 (<481$ ..........................................10 1. ? Imyilgld imnq}b {mjlc{}ng tlng adg}nlbln {lal hlna jdnm s{fyq aln jmds}ym `dshdng ad {myldyln qlwly lql} {lnqld........................................................................................10 {lnqld........................................................................................10 1. 1 Ofnqfh««{mjlc{}ng««bfnpmnsdfnlj«««tlng adg}nlbln aljlc qd{m {mnlngbl{ln...........17 {mnlngbl{ln ...........17 1. = Ofnqfh {mjlc{}ng }nq}b gdjj nmq alyd ilhln [PO. .......................................................18 1. 0 [mjlc{}ng [}ysm _mdnm.««_}cimy (Ij}m Fomln Qlobjm Dno‛ sljmsKij}mfomlnqlobjm.ofc$.....................................................................................14 sljmsKij}mfomlnqlobjm.ofc$ .....................................................................................14 1. 7 [mjlc{}ng tlng al{lq addsd }alyl ................................................................................=; 1. 8 Imnq}b««{mjlc{}ng qylccmj nmq _}cimy (Ij}m Fomln Qlobjm Dno‛ sljmsKij}mfomlnqlobjm.ofc$.....................................................................................=< sljmsKij}mfomlnqlobjm.ofc$ .....................................................................................=< 1. 4 Elydng qylccmj nmq ........................................................................................................=9 1. <; [mjlc{}ng tlng adg}nlbln {lal yladf i}ft cl}{}n jdghq i}ft {lal jfng jdnm ........=9 1. << [mjlc{}ng jfng jdnm tlng qmyi}lq alyd imjdng (s}alh qdalb adg}lbln$.........................=9 adg}lbln$ .........................=9 1. <9«««[mjlc{}ng Jfng Jdnm* [hfqf5 Lcln _l{}qyl. Cladadhlng ;<. _Q[ ..............................=? 1.

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1. 9= Qd{m jfob qd{ }nq}b jfng jdnm ..........................................................................................0< 1. 90 Bfc{fnmn ylwld alsly..................................................................................................0< alsly..................................................................................................0< 1. 97 Olyl smdudng aljlc wdym ofc{fn...................................................................................0? ofc{fn...................................................................................0? 1. 98«««Ofc{f}na yf{m aln yf{m amngln hlqd tlng qmyi}lq alyd qdclh2 [lb Clydnm Mngg. _mypdoms..........................................................................................................................0? _mypdoms ..........................................................................................................................0? 1. 94 Wdym yf{m2 Bjdb ntl Bjdb ntl edbl edbl dngdn jmidh emjls jmidh emjls........................................................................01 =. < _qy}bq}y imnlng* (<$ bfc{fn lnqlyl cfnf`djmclnq amngln ofnqdn}f}s `djmcmnq (wlynl {}qdh$2 (9$ cfnf`djlcmnq ................................................................................ 07 =. 9 _qy}bq}y««imnlng* (<$ sql{jm `dimy2««(9$ cfnf`djlcmnq2 (?$ s{jdq (`djc$ `dimy.................. `dimy .................. 08 =. ? _dsqmc {dnqlj ................................................................................................................. 04 =. 1 _dsqmc lntlc ............................................................................................................... 04 =. = Bfnsqy}bsd imnlng elydng imnlng elydng tlng ad{dnqlj* (Bj}sq* <44?$ .................................................. 04 =. 0 _qy}bq}y imnlng lntlc* (Bj}sq* <44?$.......................................................................... <44?$.......................................................................... 7? =. 7 Qljd lntlc 8 sqylna ...................................................................................................... 7= =. 8 Qljd amngln ?«‛«sqylna ................................................................................................... 7= =. 4 Qljd lntlc 8 3 sqylna ................................................................................................... 7= =. <; Qljd amngln 1 ‟ sqylna .................................................................................................. 7= =. << Lylh {dnqljln _ aln U }nq}b tlng ad{dnqlj................................................................... ad{dnqlj................................................................... 7= 0. < Ofnqfh cmnghdq}ng Y qmx (Bj}sq* <44?$ ........................................................................ 8? 0. 9 Ofnqfh qljd aln imnlng elydng. imnlng elydng. ...................................................................................... 8= 0. ? Ofnqfh bmclsln aln sqy}bq}y yf{m* aln bfc{fn ........................................................ 8= 0. 1 Bfnsqy}bsd wdym .............................................................................................................. 84 0. =««« Bfc{fnmn {lnodng jfng jdnm* (<$ {lnodng2 (9$ wdym jmlamy ............................................. 4< 0. 0 Bfc{fnmn iylnoh jdnm {lal jfng jdnm ............................................................................ 41 0. 7«« Lsmsfyds wdym jmlamy ........................................................................................................ 41 0. 8 Blnum aln Lycfy s{ydng.................................................................................................. s{ydng .................................................................................................. 4= 0. 4 Qd{m jldn lsmsfyds {lnodng jfng jdnm (@]ED$....................................................................... (@]ED$ ....................................................................... 40 0. <; [mntlci}ngln lnqly cldn jdnm aln iylnoh jdnm ............................................................ 44 0. << [mntlci}ngln«««lnqly«««cldn«««jdnm {lal jfng jdnm cfamyn amngln cmngg}nlbln cldn jdnm efdnq jdnm efdnq (QFTF$ .............................................................................................................. 44 0. <9 Ljlq {mntlci}ng cldn jdnm (QFTF$................................................................................ (QFTF$................................................................................ 44 0.

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1


9;;7

adg}nlbln smilgld ofym {lal wdym.«« Ofym dnd imy`}ngsd smilgld {mntdc{ln ilhln {mj}cls qljd (gymlsm$. Idjl bdql cmng}y}q c}na}y {lal qlh}n 0;‛ln* sllq dq} {ltlng* afgfj aln ilgln«« qlnol{ clsdh cmngg}nlbln ilhln elydng tlng qmyi}lq alyd ilhln lgmj aln jlwm* smjlcilyntl qmyi}lq alyd {dnqljln smylq de}b lql} ylcdm* {mjlc{}ng«« cmngg}nlbln«« i}b}ln ilci}* qmnlgl {mnafyfng bl{lj cmngg}nlbln jltly aln alt}ng* aln {mcimylq cmngg}nblnl ilq} bljd lql} ilq} ilql. Qlh}n 7;‛ln blnqfng {ltlng c}jld cmngg}nlbln smylq sdnqmqds* ql{d ilgdln sltl{ntl smilgdln clsdh cmngg}nlbln lgmj aln jlwm* qyfs bl{lj clsdh cmngg}nlbln lntlcln ylcdm* ala}ng {mnlcilq bmyil} clsdh cmngg}nlbln smylq ilci}. smilgdln qljd y}c{fn lal tlng clsdh cmngg}nlbln qljd de}b aln ilci}* bmc}adln qljd ilci} aln de}b adqdnggljbln* nmjltln cmci}lq qljd y}c{fn alyd imbls‛imbls wmiidng y}slb tlng ad{dnqlj cmnelad qljd y}c{fn. _mdydng amngln dq} ilhln‛ilhln {mci}lq elydng alyd smylq ljlcd adqdnggljbln««bmo}ljd }nq}b bm{myj}ln qljd i}lngln* qf{alj* aln imnlng jltly* qljd imnamyl aln blalng‛blalng }nq}b qljd {my}c* lql} bm{myj}ln jldn tlng qdalb imyh}i}ngln jlngs}ng amngln {mnlngbl{ln dbln.«««Nlc}n amcdbdln* ilhln q}ci}hln qdalb adqdnggljbln imgdq} slel* wljl}{}n qdalb adg}nlbln }nq}b cmci}lq wmiidng* ql{d sm{myqd i}i} clsdh cmngg}nlbln idjlhln ilci}. Ljlq {mnlngbl{ dbln tlng qmygfjfng aljlc cmqfal {mylngbl{ (qyl{$ smyf cdsljtl clsdh cmngg}nlbln idjlhln ilci}* {mnle} {lal emyclj clsdh cmngg}nlbln ilqlngln blt}* ilci} adg}nlbln smilgld {mjlc{}ng {ltlng* qdlng‛qdlng ilgln qlnol{* qdlng‛qdlng ilgln l{}ng aln lnqlng y}c{fn*«« efyln {fjm & jdnm ad _}jlwmsd ]qlyl e}gl ]qlyl e}gl lbln qmql{ cmngg}nlbln ilci}* aln clsdh ilntlb ofnqfh jldnntl jlgd. Ilhln wmiidng tlng qmyi}lq alyd smylq ofqqfn tlng cmy}{lbln smylq hlj}s tlng cmcdjdbd {lnelng 9; ~ =; cc aln adlcmqmy imybdsly lnqlyl ;*;< ~ ;*;1 cc (Bj}sq* <47?$.««« Amwlsl dnd qljd qmjlh adglnqdbln fjmh smylq i}lqln (cln‛clam `dimy$ sm{myqd [fjtlcdam* [fjtmsqmy aln [fjtpdntj ljofhfj aln jldn‛jldn. _mylq* sm{myqd sdslj* clndjl* {fhfn {dslng* lilol jdnmn* hmc{* aln ylcdm sli}q bmjl{l* de}b* cmcdjdbd qmbsq}y tlng jmidh blsly adilnadngbln ofqqfn lql} bl{fb*««hlntl ofofb }nq}b ilhln qljd (yf{m$ aln qyfs. Ilhln‛ilhln dnd qmyi}lq alyd ilgdln q}ci}hln tlng qmjlh clqd tlng smilgdln imsly smimj}c adg}nlbln hly}s adymnalc ad aljlc ldy* slnglq cmntmyl{ ldy aln ymnqln qmyhlal{ {mci}s}bln. [mci}s}bln dndjlh tlng cmnelad ljlsln }qlcl cmngl{l fylng imyljdh bm smylq i}lqln.«« [mci}s}bln qmyelad adlbdilqbln fjmh lbqdpdqls cdoyf fyglndscm bh}s}sntl ilbqmyd.«««« [mci}s}bln qmyelad sllq {yfsms ambfc{fsdsd ilhln fyglndb adc}jld. Ilhln fyglndo tlng«« clqd«« lbln cmcimnq}b n}qydn‛n}qydn lnfyglndb sm{myqd {hfs{hfy}s* ndqyfgmn* aln {fqlssd}c ¤ _mbfjlh Qdnggd [mydblnln «‛ «Qmbnfjfgd [mnlngbl{ln Dbln

=


9;;7

tlng cmy}{lbln cmadl q}ci}h tlng slnglq ildb ilgd ilbqmyd.«« Hlj dndjlh tlng cmntmilibln cmngl{l qljd‛qljd tlng qmyi}lq alyd ilhln‛ilhln dnd cmcmyj}bln {mnglwmqln sm{myqd adslclb lql} adqmy (oflj qly$. Lbdilqntl sm{myqd `dshdng alt lbln imyb}ylng* cmnlcilh qmnlgl aln idltl {mylwlqln aln idltl‛idltl jldnntl (`dnlnodlj jfss$ fjmh blymnlntl fylng omnamy}ng jmidh ilntlb cmcdjdh ilhln qljd sdnqmqds.«« Bj}sq (<47?$ qmjlh cmjlb}bln {mnmjdqdln qmyhlal{ bmclc{}ln qljd ofqqfn aln clndjl qmyhlal{ {yfsms {mci}s}bln smqmjlh adjlb}bln imyilgld {mnglwmqln.«« _d`lq cmntmyl{ oldyln qmy}qlcl ldy (wlqmy lisfy{qdfn$ alyd ilhln smylq ljlcd dnd aljlc {mbmyelln‛{mbmyelln {ylbqds b}ylng ads}bld* nlc}n sd`lq dnd al{lq adcln`llqbln smilgld {mntdc{ln ilhln {mnglwmq lql} ilhln lnqd blylq {lal blwlq ilel (sqmmj wdym$.«««Qljd dnd imy`}ngsd smilgld ‚hlqd (ofym$–. Ofym dnd adomj}{ amngln gymlsm smhdnggl {lal sllq qljd ilel cmc{myfjmh qmglngln lql} bmnldbln s}h} clbl gymlsm {lal ofym lbln cmjmjmh aln cmj}c}yd qljd ilel.

Lbdilqntl qljd ilel lbln qmyj}clsd aln qmyjdna}ng alyd bfyfsd lql}

cmng}ylngd gltl gmsmbln. _d`lq {myc}blln tlng blsly alyd smylq q}ci}hln adcln`llqbln }nq}b cmci}ngb}s qljd ilel* smhdnggl qljd ilel qdalb cmnelad jdodn. Hlj tlng {ljdng qdalb cmng}nq}ngbln alyd smylq ljlcd ad a}ndl {mydblnln laljlh }c}y {lbldntl tlng slnglq {mnamb.«« Ydi}ln qlh}n tlng jlj} {lyl nmjltln qdalb cmc{}ntld {djdhln jldn bmo}ljd cmngg}nlbln smylq ljlcd* wljl}{}n qdalb sms}ld }nq}b bm{myj}ln cmnlngbl{ dbln (Iylna* <481$.««Adqmc}blnntl smylq i}lqln cmy}{lbln ympfj}sd tlng slnglq {mnqdng ad idalng {mydblnln cfamyn adsmilibln blylbqmydsqdb afcdnlnntl ilhwl smylq i}lqln qdalb al{lq cmci}s}b.«« [mnmc}ln dnd al{lq adblqlbln smilgld bmleldiln sldn* tlng cmcimydbln imyilgld bmc}alhln ilgd {lyl {mnlngbl{ dbln* (Bj}sq* <47?$.««««

9.9.

_mylq Q}ci}hln _mylq q}ci}hln (Pmgmqlijm `dimys$ }c}cntl qmyadyd alyd smj}jfsl (omjj}jfsm$.«««

Ofnqfh smylq tlng qmygfjfng aljlc smylq q}ci}hln adlnqlylntl laljlh Blq}n (ofqqfn$* jdnmn* e}qm* `jlx* ylcdm* sdslj* lna hmc{. _mylq smj}jfsl adg}nlbln aljlc {mci}lqln bmyqls aln {lbldln.««« _mylq q}ci}hln qmyilgd aljlc = blqmgfyd* sm{myqd tlng adqlc{djln {lal Qlimj 9.<.««


0


9;;7


Qlimj 9. < Blqmgfyd smylq Q}ci}hln Nf

Blqmgfyd

Ofnqfh5

<.

_mylq Idedln (_mma `dimy$

blq}n lql} bl{}b

9.

_mylq Al}nln (Jml` `dimy$ (Jml` `dimy$

sdslj* lglpmaln {lnaln jdly

?.

_mylq b}jdq (Ilsq `dimy$

E}qm* hmnm` * hmc{* ylcdm* yfqln* aln {fhfn {dslng

1.

_mylq I}lhln (`y}dq `dimy$

_myli}q Bmjl{l aln lal tlng clsdh aljlc {mnmjdqdln aln {mngmcilgln««

=.

_mylq [fhfnln (_qljb

emylcd {lad* Emylcd glna}c* djljlng* qmycls}b ilqlng ilci}

`dimy$ _}cimy 5 www.wdbd{madl.fyg

9.9.<.

_mylq Idedln _mylq idedln adb}c{}jbln alyd {mci}ngb}s ided sm{myqd* bl{ls (ofqqfn$ aln bl{}b.

_mylq‛smylq dnd ad{dnqlj aljlc }b}yln bmodj cmnelad imnlng (Tlyn$* bmc}adln ad{dnqlj bmciljd cmnelad _qylna . _qylna ad{dnqlj }nq}b cmcimnq}b qljd (yf{m$. _mylq dnd cmcdjdbd bmb}lqln {}q}s tlng jmidh imsly adilnadng amngln smylq q}ci}hln jldnntl.«« Ofnqfh smylq idedln tlng clsdh adg}nlbln sllq dnd laljlh smylq tlng imylslj alyd bl{ls aln bl{}b.

BL[L_ Bl{ls cmy}{lbln smylq tlng

jmci}q

tlng

q}ci}h

ided

bl{ls

cmci}ngb}s

(Gfsst{d}c s{{.$* q}*i}h s}i}y ad wdjltlh qyf{ds aln s}iqyf{ds* qmycls}b Lcmydbls Lcmydbls** Dnadl Dnadl** aln L`ydbl.. ]c}cntl smylq ad{djdn L`ydbl cmnelad }nq}b

imnlng cmci}lq

adg}nlbln bldn

tlng

Nlcl Dnggyds imylslj alyd ilhlsl lyli ‚lj |}q}n–* tlng imylyqd smylq blq}n.

_mylq

jmci}q.««« Glcily 9. 9

Bl{ls* _}cimy * * hqq{5mn.wdbd{madl.fyg

bl{ls {myj} ad{yfsms }nq}b cmnghdjlngbln idedln aln jl{dsln jdjdn* {yfqmdn ajj. Bl{ls qmyadyd ¤ _mbfjlh Qdnggd [mydblnln «‛ «Qmbnfjfgd [mnlngbl{ln Dbln

7


9;;7


alyd smj}jfsl (omjj}jfsm$ c}ynd aln {fjtcmy ljlcd. [yfa}bsd bl{ls slnglq m`dsdmn blymnl hlntl bmhdjlngln imylq b}ylng alyd <;- smjlcl {yfsms cmnelad g}j}ngln bl{ls (imnlng bjfs$ cmnelad smylq c}ynd.««_mqdl{ smylq qmyadyd alyd 9; ‟ 9; ‟ ?; jl{dsln smj}jfsl.««Idjl bl{ls bmydng ad}yld* smylqntl imyimnq}b alqly* qmy{dnqlj cdyd{ {dql* cmnggmj}ng aln sljdng cmngdblq slq} slcl jldn* smhdnggl imnq}b dnd slnglq damlj }nq}b ad{djdn cmnelad tlyn.

Glcily 9. ?««_mylq blq}n2 L@@DNO.OFC

Glcily 9. 1««Imnlng blq}n2«« `lsqmnmys.hlyawlymsqfym.ofc

Glcily 9. =««Imnlng aln yf{m ofqqfn2 Uhlnedlng Uh}c Hmng @dshdng Nmq Jqa. ¤ _mbfjlh Qdnggd [mydblnln «‛ «Qmbnfjfgd [mnlngbl{ln Dbln

8


9;;7


BL[]B Bl{}b

(Omdil

{mnqlnayl$

cmy}{lbln

q}ci}hln qyf{ds imyfyaf Cljpljms aln `lcdjdd `lcdj

Cljplomlm** Cljplomlm

q}ci}h

ad

Cmxdof** Cmxdof

Lcmydbl Qmnglh aln Blydidl* Dnafnmsdl aln L`ydbl Ilylq. [fhfn bl{}b bl{}b dnd adbmnlj e}gl smilgld Elpl ofqqfn* Elpl bl{fb* lql} omdil omdil.. Bl{}b al{lq q}ci}h smqdnggd 0;#7; c amngln adlcmqmy ilqlng tlng cmnol{ld hdnggl ? cmqmy.

Glcily 9. 0 Bl{}b* _}cimy * * hqq{5mn.wdbd{madl.fyg

[fhfn tlng s}alh amwlsl al{lq cmnghlsdjbln ylq}sln ylq}sln i}lh bl{}b. I}lh bl{}b imydsd ided tlng adsmjdc}qd fjmh smyli}q hlj}s bmb}ndng‛b}ndngln tlng cmy}{lbln olc{}yln lnqly jdgndn aln smj}jfsl.«« _mylqntl slnglq ydngln* cmcdjdbd altl {}ng tlng imsly*«« clc{} cmngmcilng amngln smnadydntl* slnglq c}alh qmyilbly* aln slnglq cmntmyl{ ldy. [yfsms {mclnmnln aln {mcdslhln smylq cmci}q}hbln qmnlgl bmyel tlng qdalb smadbdq aln hly}s adjlb}bln smolyl cln}lj. _mylq cmngg}c{lj aln qdalb al{lq ad{djdn smhdnggl hlntl al{lq adg}nlbln smilgld ilhln {mngdsd bls}y* ilnqlj* ifnmbl aln slnalyln b}ysd aln smilgld ilhln dns}jlsd. [fhfn bl{}b al{lq ildb ad Lsdl Lsdl** qmy}qlcl ad Dnafnmsdl ([}jl} Elwl Elwl$* $* aln Cljltsdl** e}gl ad [djd{dnl smyql Lcmydbl _mjlqln (wdbd{madl* 9;;7$. Cljltsdl

Glcily 9. 7««_mylq bl{}b2 Op. _}cimy Lyqhl

Glcily 9. 8««Imnlng bl{}b2 Ilciff qmxqdjm


4


9;;7


9.9.9.

_mylq Al}nln _mylq al}nln (Jml` `dimy$ laljlh smylq tlng adb}*{}jbln alyd smylq al}nln sm{myqd

{lnaln*««sdslj* lglpm aln ilntlb jlgd emnds jlgd emnds al}nln tlng smylqntl al{lq adcln`llqbln.«««

_D_LJ _dslj lql} sdslj hmc{ cmy}{lbln bmjf{fb lglpm ( Lglpm sdsljlnl$* smylq dnd i}bln bmjfc{fb hmc{ ql{d smydng e}gl

adsmi}q amngln hmc{*

smili {lal amblam qmysmi}q tlng

{myqlcl adqmc}bln laljlh smylq hmc{ smhdnggl smylq imydb}qntl adnlcld amngln hmc{. Al}n sdslj imyimnq}b sm{myqd {malng.

[fhfnntl

al{lq

q}ci}h hdnggl bmqdnggdln <*= hdnggl 9 cmqmy. Al{lq q}ci}h Glcily 9. 4 [fhfn _dslj* _}cimy * * hqq{5mn.wdbd{madl.fyg

ad smcilylng qmc{lq tlng bmydng aln ilslh.

LGLPM _mylq Lglpm imylslj alyd smylq al}nln lglpm (Lglpm lcmydolnl ⎦

Lglplomlm _{.$ hlc{dy qdalb c}alh imy}ilh imnq}b* al{lq

ado}od imy}jlng‛}jlng.«««

Glcily 9. <9««[fhfn Lglpm2 hqq{5mn.wdbd{madl.fyg Glcily 9. <;««Imnlng Lglpm2 wdnayd`qhdjj.ofc

9.9.?.

Glcily 9. <<««Lglpm yf{m2 ofciftshfwolsm.ofc

_mylq B}jdq [fhfnln _mylq b}jdq (_bdn `dimy $ laljlh smylq tlng adb}c{}jbln alyd ilgdln b}jdq j}ly (ilsq$

ilqlng. _mylq dnd cmcdjdbd qmnsdjm sqymngqh tlng qmyqdnggd adlnqlyl smylq q}ci}hln* fjmh blymntl smylq dnd al{lq adg}nlbln smilgld ilhln Tlyn* bmyqls aln jldn‛jldn. Ofnqfh smylq b}jdq dnd laljlh«« e}qm* e}qm* bmnl` * hmc{ hmc{** ylcdm ylcdm** ylqqln ylqqln**««qmycls}b {fhfn {dslng. ¤ _mbfjlh Qdnggd [mydblnln «‛ «Qmbnfjfgd [mnlngbl{ln Dbln

<;

I hln Ljlq [mn ngbl{ Dbln

;;7

Fjmh5 _}{lyad yadael

E]QM E}qm

}qdh

(Ofyohfy}s

l{s}jlyds$

cmy}{l ln smylq tl g imy}b}yln {lnelng* jmci}q*

cmngbdjl{

tlng

a {lq

ad{dj

cmnelad imnlng tlng b}lq. _mylq dnd adhlsdjbln

alyd

q}ci}hln

gmn}s

Ofyohfy s* `lcdjd Cljplomlm ljplomlm.. E qm laljlh smylq t ng hlygltl hlygltl qmyc}ylh adilnadng amngln G cily 9.
smylq

ljl ljlcd

jldnnt *

smadbdq

adilwlh adilwlh blq}n aln l{lq adg}n bln }nq}b

dl.fyg

imyilgld bm{myj}ln. Bfc{fsdsd smy q E}qm smilgdln imsly qmyadyd alyd

lqmydlj q} i}hln* smj jfsl* aln

jdgndn (bf {fnmn }ql l smylq bl }$. _mhdnggl jdgnf‛omjj}jfsdo `diym qmyadyd smilgdln smylq qmbsqdj aln smilgdln s ylq blt}.

_mylq dnd qmygfjfng {la bmjfc{fb smylq ilsq (smylq tlng

adb}c{}jbln alyd smy i}q lql} b}jdq q}ci} ln$.

_mylq e}qm imyw ynl {}qdh

mofbjlqln

amngln {lnelng <‟1 cmqmys. E} m al{lq q} i}h amngln ildb ad wdjltlh tlng imybjdc hlnglq aln i slh* {lal s}h} imybdsly lnqlyl ; O hdngg 1; O al ymjlqdpm h cdadqt smbdqly 7;-‟8; * amngln ˕

˕

o}ylh h}eln smbdqly =‟ oc {my cd gg}.««

Glcily 9. <1««_mylq E}qm

Glcily . <0««Imnlng E}qm

Glci y 9. <=««wmiidng e}qm2 idng e}qm2 f qsdam{ydam.ofc

¤ _mbfjlh Qdnggd mydblnln«‛ « Qmbnfjfgd [mn ngbl{ln Dbl

<<


;;7


HMNM@ Hmnm` lql} Bmnl

(Hdidso}s

olnnlidn}

$ laljlh

s{msdms Hdidso}s Hdidso}s** tlng q}ci}h ildb ad Lsdl Qmngglyl. Nlcln l{}n imylslj alyd nl l {fhfnn l. Hmnm` cmcdjdb d blylbqmydsqdb tlng slcl amngln E qm. Nlcl jldnntl laljlh Idcjd* Lcilyt* cilyd Hmc{* Amooln Glcily . <7«««Bmnl` * lio.nmq.l}

Glcily 9. <8««_mylq mnl`

Hmc{* ln Idcjd{lq}c E}qm. Hmnm` q}ci}h amngln bmqdnggdln {fhfn lnqlyl <.= #?.= cmqmy.

G cily 9. <4 Imnlng bmnl`

Glcily 9. 9;««Elydng Bmnl`2 e}qmx{f qmyilngjlam sh.nm<.nmq

Ad cmqmy ilqlng smbdqly <#9 oc* imyo lilng smad dq. Ilqlngntl cmnghlsdjbln a}l emnds smylq* smylq tlng jmidh blsly q}ci}h ad jl{dsln j}ly aln smylq hlj}s ad jl{dsln aljlc. _mylq hmn ` adg}nlbl }nq}b cm i}lq qljd ( f{m$* qwdnm* bldn blsly. Hmnm` q} i}h el}h jmidh om{lq adilnadng amngln qlnlcln bmyl jldnntl.

mnm` cmy} lbln q}ci hln tlng

cmcimydb n ljqmynlqd` tlngcmn lnedbln cdsljntl aljlc dna}sqyd {}j{ smil ld ilhln {mci}lq myqls* aln

my}{lbln }cci}hln tlng slnglq imyndjld e}lj qdnggd. I}lh hmnm`

al{lq cmnglna}ng cdntlb q}ci hln amngl blaly fcmgl lnqdfxda nq tlng qdn gd. Bmnm` e}gl cmy} lbln ilhl ilb} aljl

{mci}lq n bfscmqdb aln smilgld ljqmynlqd` {mngglnqd

ilhln ilb y nfn cdgl .

HMC[ Hmc{ laljlh nlcl q}ci hln tlng qmygfjfng aljlc gmn}s lnnlids. H c{ al{lq adg}nlbln aljlc imy lgld bm{myj}ln* qmycl }b smilgld ilhln {mci}lq qljd qmcljd tlng cmcdjdbd b b}lqln {}sq}s tlng im ly* {lbldln* aln {yfa} n}qydsd.[yf }bsd smylq hmc{ qmjlh imyjlngs}ng smelb a}

lila tln

jlj}* smimj}c qmyelad tl ympfj}sd dna}sqyd s ylq hmc{

slnglq {f }jmy blymn

b}lq aln om{lq {myq ci}hlnntl. Nlc}n

mcdbdln* h c{ qmjlh


<9


9;;7

adglnqdbln amngln smylq q}ci}hln jldnntl sm{myqd clndjl aln e}qm aln e}qm lql} smylq jldnntl sm{myqd wffj* sdslj aln bmc}adln adqmc}blnntl ntjfn.

Glcily 9. 9<«««[fhfn aln ilqlng Hmc{* qymmh}ggmy.ofc

Glcily 9. 99««_mylq hmc{2 bahlnadoyl`q.ofc.n{

Glcily 9. 9? Elydng hmc{2««dsqfob{hfqf.ofc Glcily 9. 91««Imnlng hmc{2 Gylss Yffq ¤ _mbfjlh Qdnggd [mydblnln «‛ «Qmbnfjfgd [mnlngbl{ln Dbln


9;;7


_malngbln smilgld ilhln wmiidng qmjlh adglnqdbln amngln blq}n aln smylq‛smylq sdnqmqds. Qljd Hmc{ qmybmnlj c}alh y}slb blymnl yl{}h. Bmy}slbln qljd hmc{ adc}jld alyd ilgdln aljlc bm j}ly* smhdnggl hmc{ clsdh qlc{lb ildb smimj}c {}q}s.«« Hmc{ cmcmyj}bln {mnglwmqln (qlyydng$ tlng clhlj edbl hmnalb adg}nlbln ad bl{lj.

_mylq hmc{ qmjlh

adglnqdbln amngln smylq Clndjl* tlng qdalb cmcmyj}bln {yfsms {mnglwmqln. Hmc{ adb}{ls alyd ilqlngntl amngln cmngg}nlbln qlngln.«« Ilqlng hmc{ ad{fqfng smbdqly 9‟? oc alyd lqls qlnlh adidlybln qmygmjmqlb ad lqls qlnlh hdnggl bmydng smjlcl b}ylng jmidh mc{lq hlyd. _molyl qyladsdfnlj {yfsms {mng}jdqln adlwljd amngln cmymnalcntl ad ldy hdnggl cmnglcilng* lql} adgmjmqlb‛bln ad lqls qlnlh (amw ymqqdng$. [yfsms cfamyn laljlh amngln cmngg}nlbln }l{ }nq}b cmcdslhbln b}jdq alyd ilqlnntl.«« [yfsms dnd adbmnlj amngln qhmycf‛cmohlndolj {}j{dng.

YLCDM Ylcdm (Ifmhcmydl ndpml$ `dimy cmy}{lbln smylq ljlcd qmyb}lq adilnadng amngln smylq ljlcd jldnntl* ilhbln jmidh b}lq edbl aljlc bmlalln ilslh* imnq}bntl sqlidj* qdalb c}alh cmngbmy}q* imywlynl omylh.««« _lnglq

ildb

}nq}b

cmci}lq

{lobdng

}nq}b

{mycmsdnln bl{lj. Glcily 9. 9=««[fhfn Ylcdm2 hqq{5mn.wdbd{madl.fyg

Glcily 9. 90««[lobdng alyd ilhln ylcdm2 www.gfngtlfsmljdng.ofc

Glcily 9. 97««Imnlng ylcdm2 plc.lo.}b


<1


9;;7


YFQLN Yfqln ilgd bdql i}bln ilylng tlng lsdng. Yfqln q}ci}h amngln ildb ad h}qln‛h}qln qyf{ds sm{myqd ad Dnafnmsdl* Lsdl* L`ydbl aln L}sqyljdl L}sqyljdl..

Yfqln q}ci}h

cmylcilq ad {fhfn.«« Ilqlngntl imyadlcmqmy 9 ‟ ? oc aln imyi}b} {lnelng. smbdqly

7;-

ad

Dnafnmsdl cmcdjdbd {f{}jlsd yfqln a}ndl*

q}ci}h

s}i}y

Bljdclnqln* _}jlwmsd* aln _}cilwl.

qmysmily

ad

_mjldn Dnafnmsdl*

nmglyl {mclsfb yfqln a}ndl laljlh [djd{dnl* _yd jJlnbl* Cljltsdl aln Ilngjlamsh.«« Glcily 9. 98«««Yfqln* _}cimy * * hqq{5mn.wdbd{madl.fyg Yfqln al{lq adg}nlbln aljlc imyilgld bm{myj}ln* bh}s}sntl aljlc dna}sqyd `}yndq}ym.« « « « Hlc{dy smj}y}h ilqlng yfqln al{lq adcln`llqbln* ildb b}jdq cl}{}n ilgdln ofym‛ntl.«« Yfqln laljlh smylq q}ci}hln tlng slnglq ildb blymnl* o}b}{ ydngln* qlhln jlcl* `jmbsdimj* aln qmnq}ntl b}lq aln blb}* nlc}n c}alh adimnq}b.

Glcily 9. 94««[mnolyd yfqln2 wlysd.fy.da

9.9.1.

Glcily 9. ?;««I}i} yfqln2 iy}nmdymsf}yoms.ofc

_mylq I}lhln _mylq i}lhln (@y}dq `dimy$ laljlh smylq tlng adb}c{}jbln alyd i}lhln sm{myqd smyli}q

bmjl{l. _milgdln smylq i}lhln jldnntl dnd clsdh aljlc qdngblq {mnmjdqdln aln {mngmcilngln.«« ¤ _mbfjlh Qdnggd [mydblnln «‛ «Qmbnfjfgd [mnlngbl{ln Dbln

<=


9;;7

Bfc{fsdsd i}qdyln smylq i}lhln tlng ad{lalqbln cmcdjdbd qdngblq amnsdqls qdnggd* tlng o}b}{ clc{} cmnlhln gmsmbln cmblndb aljlc {mngm{lbln* {mngdydcln aln {mngg}nlln }c}c. (]_ [lqmnq 17<;?4; `yfc [lqmnq _qfyc$.

Glcily 9. ?<««_mylq i}lhln tlng qmyi}lq i}lh nlnls2 Hli}‛Qmxqdjm bndqqmatlyns.wfya{ymss.ofc

9.9.=.

_mylq [fhfnln _mylq {fhfnln laljlh smylq tlng imylslj alyd

b}jdq lql} ilqlng q}ci}hln sm{myqd emylcd {lad*

Emylcd glna}c* djljlng* qmycls}b ilqlng ilci}.«« _mylq ilci} clsdh adg}nlbln adidalng {mydblnln sllq dnd cdsljntl }nq}b qljd y}c{fn* {mngdblq ylngbldln ilgln qlnol{* lql} smyf. Glcily 9. ?9««Emylcd Glna}c2 www.dsqfob{hfqf. ofc

Glcily 9. ?1««Ljlq {mnlngbl{ dbln alyd ilhln ilci} [mylngbl{ dbln clsdh cmngg}nlbln ilhln alyd idjlhln

ilqlngln

(Bljdclnqln$.««

ilci}

(Elwl$

aln

yfqln

Glcily 9. ??««Ilqlng ilci}2 fnqhldqdcm.ofcloqdpdqdmsg yfwdng‛ilciff

_mylq ilqlng {dslng qmyi}lq alyd {mjm{lh ilqlng {dlng. [mymc{}ln Nm{lj slnglq lhjd aljlc cmc{yfsms* cmnghlj}sbln (ym`dnma$*«« aln cmcdnqljntl.«« Hltl ilgdln qmyj}ly alyd


<0


;;7


{mjm{lh { hfn {dslng tlng ad{lnmn bmc}adln adymnalc ad aljlc ldy }nq}b cm {myo {myom{ m{lq lq {yfsms.

Glcily 9. ?=««Imn ng qmyi}lq lyd {fhfn {dslng2 _hlng djl Oyl{q«« [fhfn wly} (

didso}s qdjdlom}s$

ilgd milntlbln fylng lwl

hlntl silqls {fhfn

‚imyhlnq} tlng q}cih ad qm{d {lnqld* smilgdln jlgd al{ q cmcln`l qbln b}jdqn l smilgld ilhln qljd. Fylng Qlhdqd e}sqly} qd e}sqly} c ci}lq ljlq {mnlngbl{ dbln alyd ilhln b}jdq {fhfn wly}.

Glcily 9. ?0««Bldn aly alyd b}jdq wly}. ncl.gfp.l}

G cily 9. ?7 Elydng alyd }jdq wly}* ncl.gfp.l}

9.?.

_ ylq Hmwlnd _m lq hmwlnd (Lndclj `dimy$ }c}cn l smilgdln imsly qmyadyd alyd {yfqmdn* tlng

smolyl jln s}ng al{lq adg}nlbln laljlh s}qyl (sdjb$* i}j}(hldy&`}y$ lql adbmnlj am gln nlcl wffj.««_my q hmwlnd tlng }c}c adg}nlbln la jlh tlng imylslj alyd i}j}.


<7


9;;7

Qdalb smc}l smylq hmwlnd cmcdjdbd sd`lq tlng slcl. _mylq Lj{lol (Lj{lol `dimy$ adbmnlj amngln bmhlj}slnntl.«« _}qyl amngln bmomylhln aln bmb}lqlnntl.«« Imyimal amngln smylq i}lqln tlng bmsmc}lntl cdyd{ slcl. _mylq hmwlnd ad{yfsms smolyl cln}lj* tlbnd ad{dnqlj amngln qlngln ljlq‛ljlq bfnpmnsdfnlj {mcdnqljln }nq}b cmcimnq}b tlyn.

_DJB _}qyl qmyimnq}b alyd {yfqmdn ljlcd. Qd{m tlng slnglq adbmnlj laljlh s}qyl tlng ad{myfjmh alyd bm{fc{fng }jlq s}qyl. _}qyl tlng imywlynl omylh cmcdjdbd bm}lqln {}q}s tlng qmyqdnggd adlnqlyl smylq hmwlnd. _milgld ilhln ljlq {mnlngbl{ dbln wljl}{}n slnglq b}lq nlc}ln hlyglntl slnglqjlh clhlj.«««

Glcily 9. ?8««]jlq _}qyl {mcdnqljln qyladsdfnlj* _}cimy * * hqq{5mn.wdbd{madl.fyg

Glcily 9. ?4««_mylq s}qyl2 shmm{wymob.wfya{ymss.ofc

Glcily 9. 1;««Imnlng s}qyl2 Uhmedlng \}ln _h}n _djb Of.* Jqa.


<8


9;;7


WFFJ Wffj laljlh smylq tlng ad{myfjmh alyd i}j} hmwln alyd `lcdjt Ol{ydnlm* qmy}qlcl idyd#idyd. i}j}

hmwln

afcil*

Nlc}n amcdbdln*

tlng

lj{lol*

ad{myfjmh

aln

bmjdnod

alyd e}gl

adsmi}q amngln wffj.

Glcily 9. 1<«««Wffj* _}cimy * * hqq{5mn.wdbd{madl.fyg

Glcily 9. 19««Afcil {mnghlsdj wffj2 efm‛

Glcily 9. 1?««Imnlng wffj2 qydismn.ofc

bs.ofc

OL_HCMYM WFFJ

Glcily 9. 11««Afcil olshcmym2 wmsqmynpdmwolshcmym.ofc

Glcily 9. 1=««Imnlng olshcmym2 Lcmydol Tlyn _fym


<4


9.1.

9;;7

_mylq Cdnmylj _mylq cdnmylj qmyimnq}b smolyl ljlcd* ildb smilgld smylq cl}{}n cfad`dblsd alyd

cdnmylj.««_mylq cdnmylj al{lq adblqmgfydbln smilgld imydb}q5

•

Lsimsqfs55 _lq}#slq}ntl smylq cdnmylj tlng qmyimnq}b smolyl ljlcd. Emndsntl Lsimsqfs laljlh smy{mnqdnm (ohytsfqdjm ohytsfqdjm$* $* lc{hdifjms (lcfsdqm lcfsdqm** oyfodafjdqm oyfodafjdqm** qymcfjdqm qymcfjdqm** loqdnfjdqm** aln lnqhf{htjjdqm loqdnfjdqm lnqhf{htjjdqm$. $.

•

•

_mylq bmylcdb (Omylcdo (Omylcdo `dimys$ 5 Gjlss `dimys (Gjlss wffj aln \}lyqu \}lyqu$* $* lj}cdn}c fxdam** sdjdofn olyidam* fxdam olyidam* aln ifyfn olyidam _mylq cmqlj (Cmqlj (Cmqlj `dimys$5 Lj}cdn}c `dimys

Glcily 9. 10««_mylq lsims2 cmsfqhmjdfcl‛nmws‛ ijfg.ofc

Glcily 9. 18««_mylq omylcdo2

Glcily 9. 17««[lobdng alyd ilhln lsim2 ld`jfn.nmq

Glcily 9. 14««Omylcdo yf{m2 qf{smljdng.ofc

ofc{fsdqm.lif}q.ofc


9;


Glcily 9. =;««Lj}c}nd}c `dimy2 cdnmyljs.oljqmoh.ma}

9;;7

Glcily 9. =<««_dblq lj}c}nd}c2 Tlnguhf} Jdal Iy}sh Of.* Jqa.

YDNGBL_LN (<$ <. _mylq Ljlcd qmyilgd cmnelad qdgl bmjfc{fb* tldq} smyql q}ci}hln* smylq smylq hmwlnd aln smylq cdnmylj 9. _mylq ljlcd laljlh smylq tlng qmyi}lq alyd ilhln ljlcd ildb nlilqd cl}{}n hmwlnd qln{l cmjlj}d {yfsms bdcdl lql} qylns`fyclsd. ?. [mjl{}bln adlbdilq ilhln fyglndb (smj}jfsl$ adclbln fjmh cdbyf fyglndscm bh}s}sntl ilbqmyd tlng qmyelad sllq {yfsms ambfc{fsdsd ilhln fyglndb adc}jld. 1. _mylq ljlcd qdalb jlgd adg}nlbln smilgld ilhln ljlq {mnlngbl{ dbln* adsmilibln qdngblq smyl{ln ldyntl qdnggd* qmnsdjm sqymngqh tlng mnalh (adilnadng amngln smylq sdnqmqds$* c}alh yl{}h* aln }sdl {lbldntl {mnamb. =. _mylq Q}ci}hln (Pmgmqlijm `dimy$ qmyilgd cmnelad mc{lq blqmgfyd* tldq} smylq idedln* al}nln* b}jdq* i}lhln* aln {fhfnln. 0. _mylq hmwlnd (Lndclj (Lndclj `dimy$ }c}cntl smilgdln imsly qmyadyd alyd {yfqmdn* tlng smolyl jlngs}ng al{lq adg}nlbln laljlh s}qyl (sdjb$* i}j}(hldy&`}y$ lql} adbmnlj amngln nlcl wffj. _mylq hmwlnd tlng }c}c adg}nlbln laljlh tlng imylslj alyd i}j}.


9<


9;;7


[MYQLNTLLN M__LT (<$ <. L{lblh tlng adclbs}a amngln smylq ljlcd 6 9. Emjlsbln cmngl{l smylq ljlcd b}ylng sms}ld }nq}b ilhln ljlq {mnlngbl{ln dbln6 ?. Emjlsbln ilgldclnlblh {yfsms ambfc{fsdsd {lal smylq ljlcd qmyelad 6 1. Imydblnjlh ofnqfh {mngg}nlln smylq ljlcd {lal bmhda}{ln smhlyd#hlyd cln}sdl. =. Emjlsbln qdnalbln l{lblh tlng hly}s adjlb}bln }nq}b cmnghdnalyd {mjl{}bln {lal smylq ljlcd 6 0. Cmn}y}q {mngmqlh}ln sl}alyl ljlq {mnlngbl{ln dbln l{lblh tlng hdnggl smblylng clsdh cmngg}nlbln smylq ljlcd* emjlsbln elwliln sl}alyl. 7. Amwlsl dnd ad bl{lj {mnlngbl{ln dbln clsdh ilntlb cmngg}nlbln smylq ljlcd }nq}b imyilgld bm{myj}ln* cmn}y}q sl}alyl {myljlqln l{lblh tlng clsdh cmngg}nlbln smylq ljlcd 6

[DJDHLN GLNAL (<$ <. _ljlh slq} smylq ad ilwlh dnd laljlh qmycls}b smylq ljlcd tlng imylslj alyd q}ci}hln5 L. Ylcdm

I.

Wffj

O.Lsimsqfs

A. _}qyl

9. _ljlh slq} smylq ad ilwlh dnd laljlh qmycls}b smylq ljlcd tlng imylslj alyd hmwlnd5 L. Ylcdm

I.

Wffj

O.Lsimsqfs

A. _}qyl

?. _ljlh slq} smylq ad ilwlh dnd laljlh qmycls}b smylq ljlcd tlng imylslj alyd cdnmylj5 L. Ylcdm

I.

Wffj

O.Lsimsqfs

A. _}qyl

1. Ilhln }nq}b cmclblj bl{lj blt} tlng imylslj alyd ilgdln {fhfn ilbl} qmycls}b aljlc smylq ljlcd alyd bmjfc{fb smylq5 L. Al}nln I. [fhfnln O.B}jdq A. Idedln =. Qljd s}ci} bfc{fy cdntlb qlnlh laljlh smylq smylq ljlcd tlng qmycls}b aljlc bmjfc{fb smylq5 L. Al}nln I. [fhfnln O.B}jdq A. Idedln 0. Cle}n tlng ildb tlng adg}nlbln smilgld bldn bldn {mcimysdh ad bl{lj laljlh alyd smylq ljlcd tlng qmycls}b aljlc bmjfc{fb 5 L. Al}nln I. [fhfnln O.B}jdq A. Idedln


99


9;;7


7. _ljlh slq} {mntmili smylq ljlcd qdalb adg}nlbln smilgld ilhln ljlq {mnlngbl{ dbln laljlh5 O. [myj} {yfsms A. C}alh L. C}alh jl{}b I. _}slh adqlnlc y}cdq i}s}b 8. Lgly smylq ljlcd qdalb c}alh jl{}b {myj} adjlb}bln {yfsms5 L. {mnemc}y {mnemc}yln ln

I.

[mnglwmq [mnglwmqln ln

O. bdcdl bdcdl

A.

{mcilbl {mcilblyln yln

4. [mcmjdhlylln smylq ljlcd tlng tlng qmyildb laljlh amngln cmjlb}bln5 L. Cmnemc}y adilwlh sdnly clqlhlyd jlngs}ng I. Cmnglngdn#lngdnbln ad qmc{lq tlng qma}h O. Cmymnalc amngln ulq bdcdl qmyqmnq} A. Cmn}c{}b jlngs}ng smqmjlh adf{mylsdbln <;. Lgly smylq b}jdq hmwln qdalb c}alh jl{}b {myj} adjlb}bln {yfsms5 L. {mnemc}yln

I.

{mntlclbln

O. bdcdl

A.

{mcilblyln

Q]GL_ (<$ I}lqjlh smi}lh {l{my bmodj hlsdj {mnglclqln cmngmnld ilhln ljlq {mnlngbl{ dbln alyd hlsdj {mnglclqln {lal bm qfbf#qfbf {mne}lj ilhln ljlq {mnlngbl{ dbln aln bl{lj#bl{lj tlng mylal ad {mjli}hln {mydblnln* bmc}adln lalblh ilhln ljlq {mnlngbl{ dbln tlng qmyi}lq alyd smylq ljlcd aln clsdh adg}nlbln smilgld ilhln ljlq {mnlngbl{ dbln lql} {myjmngbl{lj bl{lj {mydblnln.


9?


9;;7


ILI DDD _MYLQ I]LQ I]LQLN LN ?.<.

_mylq I}lqln _mylq i}lqln (Cln cla `dimy$ lql} adbmnlj e}gl adbmnlj e}gl amngln smylq sdnqmqds.««_dnqmqds laljlh

s}lq} qmbnfjfgd }nq}b s}lq} {yfsms bdcdl adclnl mjmcmn‛mjmcmn bdcdl lql} s}iqlnsd alsly adgli}ng cmjlj}d s}lq} {yfsms tlng y}cdq smhdnggl qmyimnq}b {yfa}b lbhdy tlng imq}j‛imq}j ily} amngln {mngg}nlln tlng ily} {}jl. _mylq i}lqln smolyl sdnqmqds qmyi}lq alyd s}iqlnsd alsly sm{myqd {hmnfj* imnumnm* lomqtjmnm* {y}ssdo loda* ohjfydnm* fjmh blymnlntl adsmi}q ‚stnqhmqdo `dimy – (Glcily ?.<$ imyimal amngln smylq‛smylq i}lqln tlng qmyi}lq alyd {yfa}b‛ {yfa}b ljlc tlng bfc{jmbs sm{myqd omjj}jfsm* aln {yfqmdn tlng hlntl adqylns`fyclsdbln cmnelad smylq* sm{myqd omjj}jfsm yltfn* omjj}jfsm wffj* {yfqmdn yltfn$* (Bj}sq* <47?$. _mylq i}lqln }c}cntl adi}lq aljlc mc{lq imnq}b alsly* tldq}5 ofnqdn}f}s `djlcmnqs* sql{jm `dimy* cfnf`djlcmnq aln s{jdq `dimy. Dnfyglndo @dimy

Gjlss Omjj}jfsm

Olyifn `dimy Msqmy

Pdsofdsm Yltfn O}{yllc Fnd}c Imynimyg

Ymgmnmylqma `dimy

jldnntl [yfqmdn aln jldn#jldn

Omjj}jfsm

Cln#clam `dimy

_mcd _tnqhmqdo @dimy

Lomqlqm Msqyfn* Omjlnmsm Msqmy

aln jldn#jldn

aln jldn#jldn

[fjtlcdams

Lylcda @dimy Ntjfn 00 Ntjfn 0 Jldnntl

[fjtmsqmys

QMQFYFN [fjtlytlqm @dimy

[fjt}ymqhlnms

_tnqhmqdo @dimy

[fjtmqhtjmnms [fjt{yf{tjmnms

[TJMN

[fjtsqhtymnms [fjtpdntj Ohjfydam [fjtpdntjdamn Ohjfydam [fjtloytjdos [fjtpdntj Ljofhfj [fjt`}fyfmqhtjmnm

Glcily ?. <

_bmcl bjlsd`dblsd smylq i}lqln* _}cimy 5 Qldqf*s _tnqhmqdo yf{m$


91


9;;7


_mylq sdnqmqds adbmcilngbln smolyl bfcmysdj aln imsly‛imslyln smqmjlh imylbhdyntl {mylng a}ndl DD* {mnmc}lnntl qmyelad el}h smimj}c dq} sm{myqd Omjj}jfsm msqmy (lomqlqm$ (<804$ aln Ymgmnmylqma `dimy (pdsofsm* Imynimyg$ (<7?1$ [fjtpdntj ohjfydam ([[O$ qlh}n <4?<* [fjtlcdam (<4?=$* [fjtpdntjdamn ohjfydam (<4?7$* [fjtpdntj ljofhfj (<4?4$* [fjtmsqmy (<41<$* [fjtmqhtjmnm (<4=9$* aln [fjt{yf{tjmnm (<4==$. (Ddqlbl* <48?$ Bmjmidhln smylq sdnqmqds adilnadngbln amngln smylq ljlcd }nq}b ilhln ljlq {mnlngbl{ln dbln laljlh smilgld imydb}q5 <. Qdalb cmci}s}b2 Blymnl smylq sdnqmqds qdalb cmnglna}ng omjj}jfsl tlng cmy}{lbln cmadl q}ci}h ilgd ilbqmyd {mci}s}b. 9. Cmcdjdbd bmb}lqln {}q}s tlng el}h jmidh imsly2

Iymlbdng sqymngqh tlng imsly

cmndngblqbln altl lngblq lql} bmqlhlnln ilhln* fjmh blymnlntl* }b}yln imnlng al{lq jmidh bmodj }nq}b cmnglngblq imiln tlng slcl amngln tlng adlngblq amngln ilhln tlng qmyi}lq alyd smylq ljlcd. ?. _madbdq cmntmyl{ ldy2 Blymnl bmb}lqln {}q}s aln sqy}bq}y smylqntl* qdngblq {dnqljln ilhln smylq sdnqmqds al{lq adi}lq jmidh qdnggd }nq}b cmng}ylngd lalntl yfnggl‛yfnggl adlnqlyl smylq* smhdnggl bmc}ngbdnln altl smyl{ qmyhlal{ ldy al{lq adb}ylngd slc{ld qdngblq cdndclj. 1. Amnsdqls (s{mod`do gylpdqt$ tlng jmidh ymnalh2

Wljl}{}n qdalb smc}l smylq sdnqmqds ?

cmcdjdbd clssl emnds jmidh ymnalh alyd ylql‛ylql clssl emnds ldy jl}q (<*;9= gyoc $* clssl emnds smylq tlng jmidh ymnalh lbln al{lq cmndngblqbln ndjld qfqlj altl l{}ng* smhdnggl al{lq cmcdndcljbln {mngg}nlln {mjlc{}ng. =. ]b}yln adlcmqmy smylq al{lq adlq}y {lal qlhl{ln {yfa}bsd sms}ld bmi}q}hln* }c}cntl el}h jmidh bmodj alyd ylql‛ylql adlcmqmy smylq ljlcd (bmo}ljd s}qyl$* smhdnggl j}ls {myc}blln imnlng al{lq adcdndcljbln }nq}b cmng}ylngd qmblnln«« bm lqls ldy qmyhlal{ ilhln* blymnl smclbdn bmodj j}ls {myc}blln* smclbdn bmodj qmblnln bm lqls ldy* smclbdn imsly qdngblq bmom{lqln qmnggmjlcntl.«« Ilhbln al{lq adi}lq slq} qljd hlntl qmyadyd alyd slq} smylq sm{myqd [L cfnf`djlcmnq (smnly$ tlng ilntlb adg}nlbln aljlc ljlq {mnlngbl{ln

dbln

tlng

qmygfjfng

aljlc

cmqfam {mnlngbl{ln dbln

amngln

cmngg}nlbln qljd aln {lnodng sm{myqd ylwld q}nl (jfng‛jdnm$* H}hlqm ([fjm & Jdnm$* qfnal (qyfjjdng$* {lnodng alsly (ifqqfc jfng‛jdnm$ aln {lnodng qlngln (hlna jdnm$.«« 0. Jmidh qlhln qmyhlal{ gmsmbln2 _mylq sdnqmqds cmcdjdbd qdngblq bmhlj}sln {myc}blln (s}y`lom yf}ghnmss$ tlng jmidh qdnggd (bmo}ljd s}qyl$* smclbdn hlj}s lql} smclbdn jdodn


9=


9;;7


{myc}blln ilhln lbln cmng}ylngd `ydbsd aln hlcilqln tlng adlbdilqbln fjmh ilaln bl{lj smhdnggl cmng}ylngd bmy}slbln (edbl {lal s}h} ymnalh$ smili idjl qmyjlj} jlcl smylq sdnqmqds imygmsmbln amngln imnal {lalq lbln cmndci}jbln ymlbsd {lnls lbidlqntl smylq lbln om{lq y}slb (aljlc {ylbqmb }{ltlblnjlh qljd tlng qmi}lq alyd smylq ljlcd smjlj} ilslh$ lql} hlcilqln fjmh cmadl ldy imyb}ylng smhdnggl clc{} cmndngblqbln bmom{lqln qmnggmjlc lql} cmng}ylngd qmnlgl }nq}b cmnlydbntl sm{myqd {lal ljlq {mnlngbl{ dbln qylwj.««« Ilnadngbln lnqlyl imnlng elhdq imnlng elhdq (tlng s}bl adg}nlbln di} y}clh qlnggl }nq}b cmnelhdq {lbldln$ amngln imnlng ntjfn aln smnly. 7. Qdalb qmy{mngly}h fjmh lslc* ljbljds* glylc lql} {yfa}b cdntlb (imnsdn* cdntlb qlnlh* cdntlb {mngmnomy olq$.«««««

?.9.< Qlhl{ln [mci}lqln _mylq _dnqmqds Bj}sq (<47?$ cmnemjlsbln ilhwl qlhl{ln {mci}lqln smylq ad {yliydb smolyl }c}c cmjlj}d jdcl qlhl{ln* tldq}5 <. Qlhl{ln {myqlcl5 [mntmadlln ilhln ilb} sm{myqd oflj* fdj* jdcm* ofccfn sljq. Aljlc {mci}lqln Ntjfn ilhln ilb}ntl laljlh {hmnfj tlng imylslj alyd oflj qly. (Glcily 9.9$ 9. Qlhl{ln bma}l5

Alyd ilhln alsly* s}isqlnsd alsly* cfnfcmy‛cfnfcmy* tlng

ad{myj}bln }nq}b cmcimnq}b«« cloyf‛cfjmo}jms tlng ad{myfjmh alyd«« s}lq} {yfsms bdcdl.«« Aljlc

{mci}lqln Ntjfn ad{myj}bln s}isqlnsd alsly

tldq} lslc

ladqd{ aln

hmxlcmqhtjmnm adlcdnm* tlng gli}ngbln qmyhlal{ glylc [L. ?. Qlhl{ln bmqdgl 5 Qlhl{ln {mnqdng imydb}q dnd laljlh {fjtcmydslsd ({fjtcmydulqdfn lql} {fjtofnamnslqdfn$ }nq}b cmcimnq}b ylnqld clbyf‛cfjmb}j lql} {fjtcmys. [yfsms dnd {lal alslyntl qmyadyd alyd {mclnlsln ad aljlc l}qfojlpm qmblnln qdnggd* aljlc {yfsms {mci}lqln ntjfn* sme}cjlh imsly cfjmb}j hmxlcmqhtjmnmadlcdnm aln lad{do loda adgli}ng slq} slcl jldn smamcdbdln y}{l smhdnggl {lal lbhdyntl cmcimnq}b }nqldln {lnelng {dql {fjtcmys.

[fjtcmy ntjfn qmyadyd alyd a}l bfc{fnmn adgli}ng amngln

bmjfc{fb lqfc bh}s}s (NHOF$ tlng adbmnlj smilgld bmjfc{fb lctnf. Amngln ljlsln dndjlh bmjfc{fb {fjtcmy dnd adsmi}q {fjtlcdam.

[dql‛{dql {fjtcmy dnd bmc}adln

ad{fqfng‛{fqfng cmnelad ohd{s. 1. Qlhl{ln bmmc{lq5 _}isqlnsd {fjtlcdam (ntjfn$ ad}ilh cmnelad smylq amngln cmcdjdn jmjmhlnntl. Ohd{s {fjtlcdam adjmjmhbln aln adfjlh }nq}b cmcimnq}b pdsof}s qhymlas.«« [lal bmlalln dnd imnlng dnd clsdh cmcdjdbd bmb}lqln {}q}s tlng clsdh slnglq ymnalh.


90


9;;7


=. Qlhl{ln bmjdcl5

Laljlh {mcdnqljln smylq }nq}b cmcimnq}b imnlng* smbljdg}s

cmndngblqbln bmb}lqln {}q}sntl.«« WLQMY

OFLJ

LDY

QLY

OFBM

IMNUDNM

HDAYFGMN

NDQYFGMN

" OHJFYDNM LCCFNDL OHJFYFIMNUMNM HTAYFXTJLCDNM [HMNFJ " HDAYFGMN

NDQYDO LODA

OTOJFHMXLNFJ

[L 00

OTOJFHMXLNFNM

_LJQ

[FJTOFNAMN_LQDFN

" NDQYDO LODA @DND_H [FJTCMY [L 00 LAD[DO LODA O]Q DNQF OHD[_ " LCCFNDL QHYMLA LAD[FNDQYDJM " HTAYFGMN

HMXLCMQHTJMNMADLCDNM

CMJQ ?;;

_[DNNDNG ;

_[DNNMYMJ OFLQDNG LDY _DNGJM TLYN

Glcily ?. 9 _bmcl {yfsms {mci}lqln smylq ntjfn 00««hdnggl cmnelad {yfa}b lbhdy (Bj}sq* <47?$

HMC[ YF[M CLQMYDLJ

TLYN HLOBJDNG

_DJPMYDNG

_[DNNDNG

YF[M _QYLNADNG

OJF_DNG

DN_[MOQDFN

[YFA]OQ

Glcily ?. ?««_bmcl«««{yfsms««{mci}lqln««qljd««alyd««smylq««ljlcd««(hmc{$ slc{ld cmnelad {yfa}b qljd (Qldqf _tnqhmqdo Yf{m$.


97


Glcily ?. 1

9;;7

_bmcl {yfsms {mci}lqln qljd alyd sdnqmqds slc{ld cmnelad {yfa}b qljd (Qldqf _tnqhmqdo Yf{m$.

Glcily 9.? cmy}{lbln sbmcl }y}qln {mcyfsmsln smylq hmc{ cmnelad {yfa}b yf{m aln Glcily 9.1 laljlh }y}qln {mcyfsmsln smylq sdnqmqds.« « « « [yfsms dnd qmyadyd alyd jdcl qlhl{ln* tldq}5«« Hlobjdng

5

[yfsms cmci}lng smylq‛smylq tlng bmj}ly alyd imnlng

_djpmydng

5

[yfsms cmng}ilh wlynl alyd ofbjlq b}slc cmnelad bm{mylb‛{mylbln

_{dnndng

5

[yfsms cmcdjdn smylq cmnelad tlyn««

_qylnadng

5

[yfsms cmcdnqlj tlyn cmnelad qwdnm lql} yf{m

Ojfsdng

5

[yfsms cmngg}j}ng yf{m cmnelad ofdj

Dn{moqdfn

5

[yfsms {mng}dln b}ljdqls c}q}

[yfa}oq

5

Hlsdj lbhdy imy}{l {yfa}b yf{m tlng sdl{ ad{lslybln

Efdndng

5

[yfsms {mnggli}ngln sme}cjlh smylq }nq}b ad{djdn cmnelad tlyn .

Qwdsqdng

5

[yfssms {mcdnqljln tlyn cmnelad sqylna

@dndshdng

5

[yfsms {mcdnqljln sqylna cmnelad qwdnm }nq}b {mci}lqln yf{m* aln {yfsms {mntdc{}jln {lal {mci}lqln wmiidng

Hmlq smqqdng5

[yfsms {mnadngdnln aln {mngmnolngln {dnqljln {lal yf{m lql} sdc{}j {lal wmiidng


98


;;7


Glcily ?. = Cmsdn mcyfsms ilhln ilb}

Glcily ?. 0««Cmsd {mcdnqlj im lng

Glcily ?. ««Cmsdn {mc }lq««qljd lnt c

Glcily ?. 8 Cmsdn {mci}lq wmiidn ylsohmj

Glcily ?.

Glcily ?. <; [yfsms {m gmnolngln miidng

Cmsdn {mc }lq wmiidng tlng adsdc{}j

Glcily ?. << Imnlng elydng

Gl ily ?. <9

mnlng ofqq n

¤ _mbfjlh Qdnggd mydblnln «‛ « Qmbnfjfgd [mn ngbl ngbl{ln {ln Dbl

94


;;7


Glcily ?. < ««Wmiidng [

Glcily ?. <1««Bm lsln imnln [M

Glcily ?. =««Bmclsln««yf{m tlng ad{dnqlj aln adlntlc

Glcily ?. 7 [mylbdqln miidng }nq}b ljlq {mnlngbl{ dbln {}ysm smdnm««

Glcily ?. <0««Qyfs bl{lj

Glcily ?. <8 [mylbdqln {mjlc{}ng ljlq {mnlng l{ dbln {}ys smdnm

[mngg}nlln j dn smylq i lqln {lal bm{myj}ln

lng i}bln ljlq {mnlngbl{ dbln

adlnqlylntl laljlh adq}ne}bbln fj h glcily‛glcily imydb}q* aln iln lb jlgd.

¤ _mbfjlh Qdnggd mydblnln «‛ « Qmbnfjfgd [mn ngbl{ln Dbl

?;


9;;7


Lt}nln

Elydng {mc}lq

Glwlng sm{lb ifjl Glcily ?. <4

?.9.

Bmylnelng ifjl ilsbmq

[mnglcln {mbmyel ilng}nln

Bmg}nlln jldn smylq sdnqmqds smjldn smilgld ilhln ljlq {mnlngbl{ dbln

Nlcl [yfa}b _mylq _dnqmqds Nlcl‛nlcl ad ilwlh dnd laljlh nlcl {yfa}b {liydb }nq}b smylq sdnqmqds.«««

[FJTLCDAM ([L$ Lcdjln

Lnda

Lnuljfn

Ol{yfjln

Amamyln

Mnbljfn

@fyjdfn

Bl{yfn

Bmnjfn

Bnfxjfob

Jdjdfn

Nldjfn

Ntjfn

[myjfn

[jlqdj

Ymjfn

Yfijfn

_dqfn

_qdjfn

Nldjfnsdx

[FJTM_QMY ([M_$ Aloyfn

Adfjmn

Gydjmn

Gyds}qmn

Qmyglj

Qmydqlj

Qmyjmnbl

Qmqfyfn

Qmytjmnm

Qympdyl


?<


9;;7


[FJTPDNTJ LJOFHFJ ([PL$ Oymcfnl

Blnmidln

B}yljfn

B}ymcfnl

Cmwjfn

Qylwjfn

Pdnljfn

Pdntjfn

Clnytf

[FJTMQHTJMNM ([M$ Lbpl`jmx

Omypdj

Ofy`d{jlsqm

Of}yjmnm

Aytjmnm ?

Mqtjfn

Hdyljfn

Hd‛Umx

Hfsqljmn G

Jlpmqmn

Jmpdjmnm

Clyjdn [M

Nfy`dj

[FJT[YF[TJMNM ([[$ Lbpl`jmx [[

Ydif`dj

Of}yjmnm [T

Alnl`jmx

Aytjmnm 0

Hfsqljmn [[ (HA$ Cmylbhjfn

C}jqd`jmx

N}`dj

[yfjmnm

[yf{tjfn

Qyf`dj [

]jsqyfn

Pmjfn [

Pmsqfjmn [

[FJTPDNTJ OHJFYDAM ([PO$ Mnpdjfn

@diylptj

Yhfpdj

OF[FJTCMY @DIYM_ ([PA$ [PA sdngblqln alyd [fjt Pdntjdamn lql} adbmnlj amngln nlcl _lyln. Ojfymnm

Atnmj

B}ymhljfn

Pmjfn

Pdndqyfn

Wtnmnm

_lyln

Qmpdyfn

?.9.< [fjtlcdam«« [fjtlcdam ([L$ ad{yfa}bsd aljlc a}l imnq}b tldq} [fjtlcdam ofnqdn}f}s `djmcmnq aln [fjtlcdam cfnf`djmcmnq.

[fjtlcdam

tlng }c}c adg}nlbln }nq}b qwdnm aln yf{m iy}b}yln ;*00 hdnggl 9*99 qmx. Lyqdntl smqdl <;; cmqmy smylq cmcdjdbd imylq ;*00 gylc aln


?9


9;;7


9*99 gylc.

Glcily ?. 9;««Imnlng [L cfnf

Yf{m [L imyadlcmqmy ?1 cc

imydsd smbdqly =7<.;;; smylq (?1 x 9; x 8 x ?= x ? 3 =7<.9;;* (Bj}sq* <48?$.«« [fjtlcdam cfnf`djlcmnq* smylq dnd imyadlcmqmy lnqlyl ;*< cc (<< qmx$ hdnggl = cc.

]c}cntl

sme}cjlh

smylq

[L

cfnf`djmcmnq ad{dnqlj cmnelad tlyn aln Glcily ?. 9<««Wmiidng ntjfn c}jqd`djlcmnq2

al{lq e}gl jlngs}ng cmnelad sqylna. _qylna

Lnh}d Gfjamn Cfnbmt @dshmyt _odmnom Lna Qmohnfjfgt Of.* Jqa.

ad{dnqlj cmnelad yf{m. [L Cfnf`djmcmnq dnd al{lq adg}nlbln smilgld wmiidng }nq}b gdjj nmq* qylccmj nmq aln }nq}b smnly {lnodng (jfng‛jdnm* {fjm & jdnm* qyfjjdng aln hlna jdnm*$.

Glcily ?. 99««_mnly (Ntjfn cfnfjdnm$ @fycln Qmoh Of.*Jqa.

Glcily ?. 9? Wmiidng ntjfn cfnf`djlcmnq {lbclydnm.qyd{fa.ofc

Glcily ?. 91««Ntjfn qwdnm««Wmjjdngqfn [yfa}oqs

Glcily ?. 9=««Ntjfn `dimy


??

I hln Ljlq [mn ngbl{ Dbln Fjmh5 _}{lyad yadael

;;7

«««««««««««««««««« Glcily ?. 90««Ntjfn yf{m idjjfKotimy.nmq.{b

lfbhmljqh.ofc

Glcily ?. 97««Ntjfn Yf{m Olnofy Dno.

?.9.9 [ jtmsqmy««

[fj msqmy ([M_$ jmidh ilntlb adg}nlbln smil ld ilhln {m i}lqln yf m.

]b}yl ntl qdalb imyimal el}h amngln

{fj lcdam* il bln lal tlng jmidh bm dj alyd ;*0 mx. _mylq {fj msqmy }c}cntl qmyadyd alyd ofnqdn}f}s `dim (Glcily ?.98$ aln sql{j `dimy.««laljlh smyl (Gl ily ?.94 a n Glcily ?.?;$ Glcily ?. 98 Imnlng ¤ _mbfjlh Qdnggd mydblnln «‛ « Qmbnfjfgd [mn ngbl{ln Dbl

?1


9;;7

[fjtmsqmy

Glcily ?. 94««Hfjjfw [fjtmsqmy _ql{jm @dimy

Glcily ?. ?;««[fjtmsqmy `dimy2 itqmjlna.fyg&{yfemoqb4

Glcily ?. ?< [fjtmsqmy qwdnm Uhmedlng G}xdlnalf Dna}sqydlj @diym Of.* Jqa.

Glcily ?. ?9««[fjtmsqmy yf{m2 qffjgmly.of.}b


?=


;;7


Glcily ?. ??««[fjtmsqmy iyldsama yf{m2 Ilftdng Xd ngoh}ln Yf{m Of.*Jqa

?.9.? [ jt{yf{tj nm [fjt{yf{tjmnm ([[$* imnq}b

tldq}

ad{yfa}bsd aljlc mc{lq

[fjt{yf{tjmnm

(c}jqd`djlcmnq$

`djmcm q*

ofnqdn}f}s [fjt{yf{tjmnm

cf f`djmcmnq* [fjt{yf{tj nm sql{jm `dimy aln [fjt{yf{tjmnm [fjt{yf{tjmnm Glcily ?. ?1««Qljd [fj {yf{mjmnm

`diydjjlqma

`djcs

ql{m.«««

mcdjdbd amnsdqls jmidh bmodj alyd

amnsdqls ylql‛y ql ldy jl}q* smhdnggl ilhln dnd cm glcilng ad ldy.

[fjt{yf{tjmnm ofnqdn}f}s cdyd{ slcl amngln [L aln [M_* c cdjdbd }b}yln imybdsly lnqlyl ;*99 hdnggl <.07 qmx. slnglq bf {jmx aln

Ilhln dnd hlyg ntl clhlj lymnl cmci}q}hbln

lhlj. [fjt{yf{tjmnm

msdn tlng

fnf`djmcmnq ilntl adg nlbln smi gld ilhln

{mci}lql yf{m.«««_my q [[ imyadl mqmy imybd ly lnqlyl ;*9 hdnggl ;*1 cc. [fjt{yf{tjmnm sql{jm `dimy* e}gl adg}nlbln smilgld ilhln {m i}ly yf{m. Ilhln dnd ad{imnq}b lgly smcdyd c}ngbdn amngln smylq ljlcd (clndjl aln sdslj$. _mylq dnd imy}b}yln {mnamb ad{fqfng al d [fjt{yf{ jmnm cfn `djlcmnq s {lnelng ;.4 c hdng l <*< c* imyadlcmqmy smbdqly ;.<< cc aln imy}b}yln smbdqly << qmx (<;; amndmy$. _mylq dnd al{lq adgli}ng amngln smylq sdslj ql d qdalb adg}nlbln }nq}b ilhln ljlq {mnln bl{ dbln* adsmilibl

{myc}bllnntl tlng lsly imyi}j}.

[fjt{yf{tjmnm `diydjjlqma `djcs ql{m lql}

adbmnlj e} l amngln [fjt{yf{tjmnm s{jdq `dimy. _mylq adi nq}b cdqyd{ {dql amngl imyilgld }b}yln* jm ly imybdsly lnqlyl 9;

c hdnggl 1; cc* bmq iljln imybdsly lnqlyl ;*;0 hdnggl

;*< cc* `d mnmss imybdsly lnqlyl <.0;; qmx hdn gl 9.7;; qm .

¤ _mbfjlh Qdnggd mydblnln «‛ « Qmbnfjfgd [mn ngbl{ln Dbl

?0


9;;7


Glcily ?. ?= [fjt{yf{tjmnm `dimy ONIC Dnqmynlqdfnlj Ofy{fylqdfn

Glcily ?. ?0««[fjt{yf{tjmnm qwdnm lhsadymoq.of.}b

Glcily ?. ?7««[fjt{yf{tjmnm yf{ sljmsKyf{mslnaqwdnms.ofc

Glcily ?. ?8 [fjt{yf{tjmnm bnfqjmss nmqqdng {fbfynt‛sdqm.ou Glcily ?. ?4 [fjt{yf{tjmnm nmq (wlynl cmylh$

?.9.1 [fjtmqhtjmnm [fjtmqhtjmnm ([M$*«« }c}cntl adi}lq aljlc imnq}b cfnf`djlcmn* imyadlcmqmy lnqlyl ;*9 cc hdnggl ;*1 cc.

?

Amnsdqls ;*40 goc * fjmh blymnlntl

ilhln dnd ydngln aln cmngl{}ng ad ldy. Nlc}n cmcdjdbd

qdngblq

bmbmntljln

qdnggd

aln

{myc}bllnntl hlj}s. Ilntlb adg}nlbln smilgld Glcily ?. 1; Wmiidng [M2 mnqshd{.ol

ilhln {mci}lq wmiidng qylwj alsly aln yf{m.


?7


Glcily ?. 1<««[fjtmqhtjmnm `dimy2 ¤ 9;;=«‛«9;;7 QHu _odmnom & Qmohnfjfgt Nmqwfyb

Glcily ?. 19««[M Tlyn2 _h}nt} Iylna

Glcily ?. 11««[M Nmqqdng dclgms.lsdl.y}

9;;7

Glcily ?. 1?««[M Qwdnm««[mnyf Dna}sqydms (Pdmqnlc$ Of.* Jqa.

Glcily ?. 1=««[fjtmqhtjmnm yf{m««Tf}ng Ohlng Yf{m Of.* Jqa.

Glcily ?. 10««[fjtmqhtjmnm cfnf`djlcmnq2 Cfndo ¤ _mbfjlh Qdnggd [mydblnln «‛ «Qmbnfjfgd [mnlngbl{ln Dbln

?8


9;;7


[jt Jdnm

Glcily ?. 17««[M Iyldama yf{m2 Hpljs{}a L_

?.9.= [fjtpdntj Ljofhfj aln [fjtpdntj Ohjfydam [fjtpdntj Ljofhfj ([PL$ aln [fjtpdntj Ohjfydam ([PO$* [PL cmcdjdbd amnsdqls <*?; ?

?

goc aln [PO <*?= goc .

[PL ilntlb

adg}nlbln smilgld ilhln {mci}lq wmiidng ([}ysm

smdnm$

aln

yf{m

(Jfng

jdnm$

adsmilibln ilhln dnd cmcdjdbd amnsdqls jmidh imsly alyd ylql‛ylql amnsdqls ldy jl}q smhdnggl

««Glcily ?. 18««Qljd [PL

c}alh qmnggmjlc.«««_d`lq«««««dnd««««adgli}ngbln

amngln ilhln jldn }nq}b cmcimnq}b bfc{fn yf{m amngln cmnggli}ngbln sd`lq‛sd`lq tlng jmidh cmng}nq}ngbln.«« [PO«« jmidh blb} smhdnggl ilntlb adg}nlbln }nq}b cmci}lq {d{l ldy aln {mjdna}ng blimj jdsqydb.

Glcily ?. 14 [PL `dimy2 Ohdnl Nlqdfnlj @dimy Ofy{.

Glcily ?. =;««B}ymcfl Qwdnm2 iltsdam{lyb.e{


?4


9;;7

Glcily ?. =<««B}ymcfnl yf{m2

?.9.0 _lyln«« _lyln laljlh nlcl alyd sme}cjlh {fjtcmys tlng qmyi}lq alyd pdntjdamnm ohjfydam (bh}s}sntl {fjtpdntjdamnm ohjfydam fy [PAO$* imyslclln amngln cfnfcmys cfnfcmys.. _milgld llq {mnlngbl{ dbln slyln adg}nlbln smilgld wmiidng {mcimylq {lal mnqlngjm nmq.

_mjldn

?

cmcdjdbd amnsdqls (<.9
Jmcilyln qd{ds (cdyd{

blnqfng {jlsqdb$ tlng qmyi}lq alyd _lyln [ymcd}c Wyl{ qdalb cmnglna}ng ohjfydnm.«« Nlc}n amcdbdln* JA[M

qdalb ad{yfsms }nq}b cmnlhln fxtgmn* lyfcl* il} cfjmb}j (`jlpfy

cfjmo}jms$ tlng adcdjdbd fjmh pdntjdamnm ohjfydam of{fjtcmys (www.wdbd{madl.fyg (www.wdbd{madl.fyg$. $.

YDNGBL_LN <. _dnqmqds laljlh s}lq} dsqdjlh sldn aln qmbnfjfgd }nq}b s}lq} {yfsms bdcdl adclnl mjmcmn‛ mjmcmn bdcdl lql} s}iqlnsd alsly adgli}ng cmjlj}d s}lq} {yfsms tlng y}cdq smhdnggl qmyimnq}b {yfa}b lbhdy tlng imq}j‛imq}j ily} amngln {mngg}nlln tlng ily} {}jl. 9. _mylq i}lqln (cln‛clam `dimy$ smolyl sdnqmqds qmyi}lq alyd s}iqlnsd alsly sm{myqd {hmnfj* imnumnm* lomqtjmnm* {y}ssdo loda* ohjfydnm* fjmh blymnlntl adsmi}q ‚stnqhmqdo `dimy – imyimal amngln smylq‛smylq i}lqln tlng qmyi}lq alyd {yfa}b‛{yfa}b ljlc tlng ¤ _mbfjlh Qdnggd [mydblnln «‛ «Qmbnfjfgd [mnlngbl{ln Dbln

1;


9;;7


bfc{jmbs sm{myqd omjj}jfsm* aln {yfqmdn tlng hlntl adqylns`fyclsdbln cmnelad smylq* sm{myqd omjj}jfsm yltfn* omjj}jfsm wffj* {yfqmdn yltfn$. ?. Bmjmidhln smylq i}lqln adilnadngbln amngln smylq ljlcd }nq}b ilhln ljlq {mnlngbl{ln dbln laljlh smilgld imydb}q5 Qdalb cmci}s}b* qmnsdjm sqymngqh tlng el}h jmidh imsly* smadbdq cmntmyl{ ldy* amnsdqls tlng ymnalh* qlhln gmsmbln* qdalb qmy{mngly}h lslc* ljbljds* glylc lql} cdntlb.««« 1. [mci}lqln smylq cmjlj}d jdcl qlhl{ln* tldq}5 {mntmadlln ilhln ilb}* {mcimnq}bln«« cloyf‛cfjmo}jms tlng ad{myfjmh alyd s}lq} {yfsms bdcdl* {fjtcmydslsd ({fjtcmydulqdfn lql} {fjtofnamnslqdfn$*

[mng}ilhln s}isqlnsd cmnelad smylq amngln cmcdjdn

jmjmhlnntl* aln {mcdnqljln smylq }nq}b cmcimnq}b imnlng* smbljdg}s cmndngblqbln bmb}lqln {}q}sntl.

[MYQLNTLLN M__LT <. Emjlsbln l{lblh tlng adclbs}a amngln smylq i}lqln (cln‛clam `dimy$ 6 9. Emjlsbln smolyl sdngblq {yfsms {mci}lqln smylq i}lqln 6 ?. Emjlsbln smolyl sdngblq {yfsms {mci}lqln ilhln ljlq qlngbl{ alyd smylq i}lqln 6 1. _milgld ilhln ljlq {mnlngbl{ln dbln smylq ljlcd jmidh ads}bld alyd smylq ljlcd* emjlsbln cmngl{l amcdbdln.

[DJDHLN GLNAL (9$ <. _mylq tlng qdalb qdalb qmycls}b smylq sdnqmqds laljlh5 L. [fjtmqhtjmnm

I.

_dslj

O. [fjtlcdam

A. _lyln

O. lsimsqfs

A. _lyln

9. _mylq tlng qdalb qdalb qmycls}b smylq ljlcd laljlh5 L. ylcdm

I.

_dslj

?. _mylq sdnqmqds ilntlb adg}nlbln smilgld ilhln ilhln ljlq {mnlngbl{ dbln* blymnl5 L. Qlhln {lnls

I.

Qdalb jl{}b

O. ydngln

A. c}ylh

1. Wmiidng qylwj ilntlb cmngg}nlbln ilhln smylq i}lqln5 L. [[

I. [PO

O. [M

A. [L


1<


9;;7


=. Jfng jdn jdnm m iln ilntl tlb b cmn cmngg gg}n }nlb lbln ln ilhl ilhln n smy smylq lq i}lq i}lqln ln55 L. [[

I. [PO

O. [M

A. [PL

0. _mnly [fjm & jdnm i lntlb cmngg}nlbln ilhln smylq i}lqln5 L. [L cfnf

I. [PO

O. [M cfnf

A. [PL

7. Wmiidng Gdjj nmq ilntlb cmngg}nlbln ilhln smylq i}lqln5 L. [L c}jqd

I. [M_

O. [L cfnf

A. [PO

8. Wmiidng Mnqlngjm nmq il ilntlb cm cmngg}nlbln il ilhln sm smylq i}lql lqln5 L. [L c}jqd

I. [M_

O. [L cfnf

A. [PO

4. Wmiidng [}ysm smdnm ilntlb cmngg}nlbln ilhln smylq i}lqln5 L. [L c}jqd

I. [M_

O. [L cfnf

A. [PO

<;. Wmiidng Qylccmj Nm Nmqq ilntl lntlb b cmng mngg}nlbln bln ilhl ilhln n smyl smylqq i}lql }lqln5 n5 L. [L c}jqd

I. [M_

O. [L cfnf

A. [PO

Q]GL_ (9$ <. Alqljlh««smi}lh ljlq {mnlngbl{ dbln bmc}adln««q}jdsbln jl{fyln tlng tmng imydsd emnds imydsd emnds‛ emnds ilhln tlng adg}nlbln. 9. I}lqjlh {l{my bmodj cmngmnld ilhln ljlq {mnlngbl{ dbln tlng sl}alyl lclqd* ilnadngbln amngln imyilgld jdqmylq}y tlng sl}alyl bmqlh}d.


19


ILI DP

9;;7

BJL_D@D BL_D ILHLN LJL BJL_D@DBL_D LJLQ Q [MNLNGBL[ DBLN

1.<. Bjlsd`dblsd Ilhln Ljlq [mnlngbl{ Dbln Ljlq {mnlngbl{ dbln qmyadyd alyd imyilgld qd{m aln emnds tlng e}gl qmyi}lq aljlc imyilgld qd{m aln ilhln ljlq {mnlngbl{ dBln.

_mhdnggl ad{myj}bln {mnggfjfngln }nq}b

cmc{myc}alh cmc{mjlelydntl. Ilhln ljlq {mnlngbl{ dbln smolyl }c}c adbjlsd`dblsdbln cmnelad a}l bmjfc{fb* tldq}5«« <. Bmjfc{fb ljlq {mnlngbl{ dbln tlng ilgdln }qlclntl qmyi}lq alyd wmiidng* _qy}bq}y Ljlq {mnlngbl{ dnd smolyl }c}c adafcdnlsd fjmh slq} lql} jmidh jmcilyln wmiidng««« 9.

Bmjfc{fb ljlq {mnlngbl{ dbln tlng ilgdln }qlclntl qmyi}lq alyd qljd.«« _qy}bq}y ljlq {mnlngbl{ dbln smolyl }c}c adafcdnlsd fjmh slq} lql} jmidh }qlsln qljd. Bmjfc{fb ljlq {mnlngbl{ dbln tlng ilgdln }qlclntl qmyi}lq alyd wmiidng

adlnqlylntl laljlh* {}ysm smdnm* jlc{lyl* gdjj nmq* qylwj* imloh smdnm* {ltlng* aln ilntlb jlgd. Bmjfc{fb ljlq {mnlngbl{ dbln tlng ilgdln }qlclntl qmyi}lq alyd qljd adlnqlylntl laljlh* jfng jdnm* pmyqdolj jdnm* qfnal* {fjm & jdnm* qyfjjdng aln ilntlb jlgd.«« Ljlq {mnlngbl{ dbln alyd bma}l bmjfc{fb dnd smolyl }c}c clsdng‛clsdng cmcdjdbd ? (qdgl$ bfc{fnmn }qlcl* tldq}5«« <. Bfc{fnmn {mjlc{}ng««(`jflq$*«« 9. Bfc{fnmn ilaln (ifat$* aln«« ?. Bfc{fnmn {mcimylq (sdnbmy$. Ilhln {mci}lq bfc{fnmn {mjlc{}ng aln {mcimylq adbmjfc{fbbln cmnelad a}l tldq} ilhln tlng qmyi}lq alyd jfglc sm{myqd (ilel* imsd* b}ndngln* sqldnjmss* lj}cdnd}c* qdclh hdqlc$* aln tlng qmyi}lq alyd«« gli}ngln smylq ljlcd* sdnqmqds* aln jfglc (ofc{f}na$ tlng cmcdjdbd clssl emnds jmidh bmodj alyd ylql‛ylql clssl emnds ldy jl}q qmycls}b bmjfc{fb {mjlc{}ng aln tlng jmidh imsly qmycls}b bmjfc{fb {mcimylq.


11


9;;7

1.9. Bfc{fnmn [mjlc{}ng Adqdnel} alyd ilhlnntl tlng adclbs}a amngln {mjlc{}ng laljlh smc}l ilhln tlng qmy{lslng {lal ljlq {mnlngbl{ dbln tlng cmcdjdbd clssl emnds jmidh bmodj alyd <*;9= (ylql‛ ylql clssl emnds clssl emnds ldy jl}q$.««« Ilhln {mjlc{}ng }nq}b ljlq {mnlngbl{ dbln qmyilgd cmnelad a}l bmjfc{fb tldq}5«« <. bmjfc{fb ilhln {mjlc{}ng tlng qmyi}lq alyd ilgdln q}ci}hln* qmy}qlcl {lal ljlq{mnlngbl{ dbln bfnpmnsdfnlj sm{myqd {ltlng.«« 9. Bmjfc{fb ilhln {mjlc{}ng tlng qmyi}lq alyd««ilhln i}lqln (sdnqmqds$. ]c}cntl {lal ljlq {mnlngbl{ dbln cfamyn aln imysbljl imsly.««« _lcl hljntl sm{myqd smylq ljlcd ilhln {mjlc{}ng tlng qmyi}lq alyd ilgdln q}ci}hln cmcdjdbd }sdl {lbld tlng slnglq {mnamb.««Nlc}n amcdbdln* ilhln‛ilhln dnd clsdh ilntlb adg}nlbln (bfnpmnsdfnlj$.

qmy}qlcl

}nq}b ljlq {mnlngbl{ dbln tlng clsdh smamyhlnl

[mjlc{}ng {ltlng cmngg}nlbln ilqlngln ilci}.

Ilci} clsdh

adg}nlbln smilgld {mjlc{}ng y}c{fn qyladsdfnlj (Elwl qmnglh$. Qlimj 1.< aln Qlimj 1.9 imyq}y}q‛q}y}q cmntledbln ilhln {mjlc{}ng tlng qmyi}lq alyd q}ci}hln aln sdnqmqds.«« _mimj}c adbmqmc}blnntl smylq sdnqmqds {mjlc{}ng qylwj qmyi}lq alyd lj}c}nd}c aln {mjlc{}ng jfng jdnm qmyi}lq alyd blol (gjlss$. Fjmh blymnl {mjlc{}ng tlng qmyi}lq alyd lj}c}nd}c qdalb qlhln qmyhlal{ glylc aln hlyglntl clhlj* aln {mjlc{}ng gjlss c}alh {molh clbl {mjlc{}ng emnds {mjlc{}ng emnds dnd s}alh qdalb adg}nlbln jlgd. Imnq}b [mjlc{}ng tlng qmyi}lq alyd sdnqmqds sm{myqd pdntj lql} {jlsqdb slnglq imylglc qmyglnq}ng {mngg}nllnntl. [mjlc{}ng qylwj (Glcily 1.<$ cmcdjdbd bfnsqy}bsd bh}s}s* tldq} ad{lslngd imyilgld imnq}b sltl{ tlng imy`}ngsd }nq}b cmcln`llqbln m`mb hdayfadnlcdbl ljdyln ldy* ildb }nq}b cmnlcilh altl l{}ng lql} sqlidjdqls ljlq {mnlngbl{ dbln sllq adf{mylsdbln.«« [mjlc{}ng clsl jlj} tlng s}alh qdalb ad{yfa}bsd bmciljd (Glcily 1.9$.««««

Glcily 1. <

Imyilgld imnq}b {mjlc{}ng qylwj qmyi}lq alyd ilhln P[O tlng clsdh ad{yfa}bsd


1=


;;7


Glcily 1.

Ofnqfh imnq}b {mjlc }ng [PO }nq}b qylwj* I lna (<481$

[mjlc{}ng qy wj }c}cntl imyimnq}b ifjl (bfsfng adqmn lhntl$ al

cmcdjdbd

qdngblq bm mntljln tl g qdnggd (h ya $* $* qlhln mnq}yln al qlhln qmy lal{ qmblnln ldy jl}q {lal bmaljlcln qmyqmnq} (glcily 1.< aln 1.9$. _mjldn mjlc{}ng dnqmqds tln smblylng ilntl adg}nlbln* clsdh iltlb il ln‛ilhln {mjlc{}ng jldnntl tlng

lsdh al{lq adg}nlln*

ildb tlng qmyi}lq al d ilhln sdnqmqds (Qlimj 1*9$ cl}{ n alyd ilq ng q}ci}hln sm{myqd adasledbln {lal Qlimj .<. Qlimj 1. <

Ilhln {mjlc{}ng tl g qmyi}lq a yd ilgdln q}ci}hln (N c}yl* <47=$ ltl l{}ng { y < jdqmy pfj}cm (bg$

Altl l{}ng {my < bg imylq bg$

Ilhln

{mod`do gylpdq

Gli}s

;*<7= (;*?9<$

89= (074$

1*7< (9*<9$

[fwjfndl

;*941 (;*78=$

7;0 (9< $

9*1; (;*97$

Oyt{qfcmydl

;*1?9 (;*401$

=08 ( ?0$

<*?< (;*;1$

_djpmy `dy

;*180

=<1

<*;

Ilci}

;*=;;

=;;

<*;

Omclyl

;*=48

1;9

;*0

Imnq}b tlng

ljdng imylglc jlgd laljlh {mjlc{ ng bfnpmn dfnlj tlng adg}nlbln

aljlc {mnlngbl{ln d ln amngln cmqfam qljd aln {lnod g ad {myldyln qlwly lql} {lnqld* tlng }c} ntl qmyi}lq alyd blt} li}s lql} lt} ydngln jldnntl* aln adg}nlbln lal s{fyq `dshdng aln jmds}ym `dshd jmds}ym `dshd ng (Glcily 1.? aln 1.1$.«««

Glcily 1. ? Imyilgld imnq}b {mjlc{}ng tln adg}nlbln {lal hlna jdnm s{fyq aln jmds}ym `dshdng ad {myldyln ql ly lql} {lnqld ¤ _mbfjlh Qdnggd mydblnln«‛ « Qmbnfjfgd [mn ngbl{ln Dbl

10


;;7


Glcily 1. 1 Ofnqfh««{mjlc{}ng««bfnpmnsdfnlj«««tlng adg} lbln aljlc qd{m {mnln bl{ln«« Qlimj 1. 9

Ilhln {mjlc{}ng tl g qmyi}lq gjlss aln sdnq qds* (Nfc}yl* <47=$. _{mod`do gyl dqt

Ilhln

Altl l{}ng (g$

A tl l{}ng my < jdqmy p j}cm (bg$

Altl l{}ng {my < bg imylq (bg$

Pdntj s{f gm* sf`q

;*; 4

4;<

4* ;

Pdntj s{f gm* hlya

;*< 4

87<

0* =

Ofyb* cm d}c |}ljdqt

;*< =

89=

1* <

Y}iimy s fngm

;*9 ?

7=9

?* ?

Lyqd`dodlj ofyb

;*9 1

7;0

9* ;

Mifndq

;*? =

09=

<* 0

Pdntj {d{m

;*? 4

09<

<* 1

Gjlss adl 0 oc

09

Gjlss adl 4 oc

Gjlss adl <9 oc

0?;

Gjlss adl <= oc

;*? 8

<.<7;

0=9

<* 7

Gjlss adl ?; oc

;*9 1

<;.4;;

7=0

?* ;

_{msd`dblsd {mj c{}ng }nq b qylwj smo yl }c}c adsledbln {la Qlimj 1.?.

1. .1. [mjl {}ng Gdjjnmq [mjlc{}ng }nq}b Gdjj nmq aln Qylcc j nmq al{lq adjdhlq {la Glcily 1.=. Imnq}b {mjlc{}n elydng dnslng (gdjjnmq $* $* elydng {}n lj (mnqlngj nmq $ aln q ylccmj nmq lal tlng cmcdjdbd imnq}b {d{dh amngln j} lng ad bma l }e}ngntl smyql lj}y tlng cmng }i}ngbln bma}l j}ilng adqmn lhntl* al

lal tln

imyimnq}

fplj smjdnamy amng n j}ilng

adqmnglhn l* aln c cdjdbd qdngblq bmbmntljln tlng qdnggd (hly $ hdnggl

mnmnglh

(cmad}c$. [mjlc{}ng imyimnq}b smjdnamy }nq}b qylccmj nmq }c}cn l qmyi}lq alyd ilhln {jlsqdb am gln ilgdln aljlc bfs ng (imydsd

alyl$. _malngbln tlng imyimnq b jfnefng««


17


9;;7


imyimnq}b {lalq qmyi}lq alyd ilhln hlya s{fngm ([PO$. [mjlc{}ng imyimnq}b fplj gmc}b«« }c}cntl qmyi}lq alyd sf`q s{fng ([PO$.

Glcily 1. = Ofnqfh {mjlc{}ng }nq}b gdjj nmq alyd ilhln [PO. Qlimj 1. ?

_{msd`dblsd {mjlc{}ng qylwj imnq}b i}jlq aln imyb}{dng* Wmdhld wmd‛jfng (9;;;$ Imylq (g$

AL (g$

_G

4;;

0.09?

;*<9;

<.;;;

0.=9?

;*
_@8 ‟ <;

<.?;;

0.99?

;*<7?

_@8 ‟ 9;

9.;;;

=.=9?

;*900

_@<; # ;?

<.?;;

;*;88

_@<; ‟ ;=

<.0;;

;*<;8

<.7;;

<9.478

;*<99

_@<; ‟ <;

9.;;;

<9.778

;*
_@<; ‟ <=

9.=;;

<9.978

;*<04

_@<; ‟ 9;

?.;;;

<<.778

;*9;?

9.=;;

<0.878

;*<94

_@<9 # ;7

?.;;;

99.99;

;*<<4

_@<9 ‟ ;8

?.9;;

99.;9;

;*<97

?.=;;

9<.79;

;*
l*i*o

Nf.

]b}yln (cc$

Pfj}cm (OO$

_@8 # ;= _@8 # ;7 91;

Qd{m

7*=9?

_@<; ‟ ;7 ?;;

Qt{m b}{dng

l

l

<1*778 l*i i

_@<< ‟ <=_

??;

<4*?78

i l

_@<9 ‟ <;

?0;

9=*99;

_@<9 # <=

1.=;;

9;.79;

;*<78

l*i

_@<9 ‟ 9;

=.;;;

9;.99;

;*<48

i

_@
9.1;;

94.00?

;*;7=

o

1.=;;

97.=0?

;*<1;

=.;;;

97.;0?

;*<=0

_@
?4;

?9*;0?

o

l*o

Bmqmylngln 5«« AL 3 altl l{}ng2 _G 3 _{mod`do gylpdqt* cc5 cdjdcmqmy2 OO 5 omnqdcmqmy o}ido2 g5 gylc


18


9;;7


Qlimj 1. 1

_{msd`dblsd {lal {mjlc{}ng Glcily 1.= lqls.

Nf

_{msd`dblsd

Imylq (g$

I}ftlnot (g`$

Ilhln

L4

01 x 81 x 90;

<;=

89;

[PO

L<;

1; x 0; x <4;

?8

98=

[PO

Qlimj 1. =

_{msd`dblsd {lal {mjlc{}ng Glcily 1.= ilwlh.

Nf

_{msd`dblsd

Imylq (g$

I}ftlnot (g`$

Ilhln

@8;=

?? x == x 4

1

?=

[PO

@8;8

10 x <00 x 4

90

<0;

[PO

@8;4

0; x 1; x <;

<;.=

4;

[PO

@8<;

=; x 0; x <;

<9.=

<<;

[PO

@8<<

8; x 1; x <0

9;

<7=

[PO

1.?.=. [mjlc{}ng [}ysm _mdnm Imnq}b {mjlc{}ng {}ysm smdnm adsledbln {lal Glcily«« 1.0«« aln _{msd`dblsdntl al{lq adjdhlq {lal Qlimj««1. 0.««Qd{m {mjlc{}ng qd{m Q@ qmbsq}yntl bmntlj (_f`q s{fngm$ * jmci}q aln `jmbsdimj.

Glcily 1. 0 [mjlc{}ng [}ysm _mdnm.««_}cimy (Ij}m Fomln Qlobjm Dno‛sljmsKij}mfomlnqlobjm.ofc$


14


9;;7


Glcily 1. 7 [mjlc{}ng tlng al{lq addsd }alyl

[}ysm smdnm aln gdjj nmq ilntlb cmngg}nlbln {mjlc{}ng tlng al{lq addsd }alyl (Glcily 1.7$* smjldn c}ylh {mjlc{}ng qdalb ilntlb cmcmyj}bln qmc{lq }nq}b cmntdc{lnntl* .

_mbljdg}s ydngln qdalb cmcilhltlbln cln}sdl.

]b}ylnntl al{lq

_{msd`dblsd {mjlc{}ng qd{m dnd adsledbln {lal Qlimj 1.0. [mjlc{}ng {}ysm smdnm }c}cntl imyimnq}b smjdnamy {mn}h (Glcily 1.0$ amngln }e}ngntl imyimnq}b jmngb}ng* lgly qdalb cmntlngb}q {lal wmiidng aln cmng}ylngd m`mb `ydbsd {lal {fwmy ijfob aln {lal sllq qlhl{ln smqqdng* aln cmcdjdbd qdngblq bmbmntljln cmnmnglh hdnggl jmci}q (sf`q$ amngln sdsqmc {mclslngln tlng imyimal {}jl sm{myqd adq}ne}bbln {lal««Glcily 1.0. Qlimj 1. 0

_{msd`dblsd {mjlc{}ng tlng adg}nlbln {lal {}ysm smdnm Qd{m

_{msd`dblsd (cc$

Imylq (g$

Altl Ilhln L{}ng (g`$

Q@‛<7

4< x
89

=7=

[PO

_@‛9;L

7= x <<= x <8

1;

?9=

[PO

_@‛9;

0= x <;; x <9

90

91;

[PO

T‛?;

7; x <<; x 9;

?7

?<=

[PO

A_;

<1; x <4; x 98

<89

<7<;

[PO

A_<

<89

<08;

[PO

G?.=

<9= x <7; x 9=

<7=

[PO

A_9

<<= x <7; x 99

<==

<9?;

[PO

A_1

<<; x <=; x 91

<=;

<;8;

[PO

_}cimy (Ij}m Fomln Qlobjm Dno‛sljmsKij}mfomlnqlobjm.ofc$


=;


9;;7


Qlimj 1. 7

_{msd`dblsd {mjlc{}ng««tlng al{lq addsd }alyl

Cfamj5««

L‛;««

L‛<««

L‛9««

L‛?««

L‛1««

L‛=««

L‛0««

L‛7««

9? x 94««

94 x ?7««

?4 x 14««

17 x =4««

== x 7<««

7; x 49««

80 x <<8««

<;= x
<*0««

9*=««

9*=««

9*=««

9*=««

?*;««

?*8««

=*;««

Bmjdjdng (oc$

79*9««

4<*<««

<99*=««

<17*0««

<79*7««

9<4*8««

97;*;««

?94*7««

Altl l{}ng (bg$

0.;««

?<.;

==.;

8=.;

<74.0««

?=4.9««

0<;.;««

E}cjlh {lb

9;««

<;««

<;««

<;««

<;««

=««

?««

9««

]b}yln (∍ x J$««(oc$ ∍««j}ilng qljd««(oc$

1.?.0. [mjlc{}ng Qylccmj nmq Imnq}b {mjlc{}ng qylccmj nmq adsledbln {lal Glcily««1.8««aln s{msd`dblsdntl al{lq adjdhlq {lal Qlimj««1. 8.««Qd{m {mjlc{}ng qd{m Q@ qmbsq}yntl bmntlj (_f`q s{fngm$ * jmci}q aln `jmbsdimj.«««[mjlc{}ng tlg qmy{lslng {lal elydng {lal elydng al{lq adjdhlq {lal Glcily 1.4.

Glcily 1. 8 Imnq}b««{mjlc{}ng qylccmj nmq _}cimy (Ij}m Fomln Qlobjm Dno‛ sljmsKij}mfomlnqlobjm.ofc$ Qlimj 1. 8

_{msd`dblsd {mjlc{}ng qylccmj nmq

Qd{m

_{msd`dblsd (cc$

Imylq (g$

Altl L{}ng (g`$

Ilhln

_H‛9;

4; x =; x 9;

91

<0=

[PO

_H‛<=

77 x 1; x <=

<9

<<;

[PO

_H‛<;

0; x ?= x <;

8

0;

[PO

M_H‛9

=; x ?; x <;

=

1;

[PO

M_H‛<.=

1; x 9; x 8

1

?;

[PO

_}cimy (Ij}m Fomln Qlobjm Dno‛sljmsKij}mfomlnqlobjm.ofc$


=<


9;;7

Glcily 1. 4 Elydng qylccmj nmq

1.?.7. [mjlc{}ng Jfng Jdnm Jfng jdnm qdalb ilntlb cmcmyj}bln }b}yln {mjlc{}ng tlng imylglc.«« Glcily 1.<; (bdyd$ laljlh {mjlc{}ng tlng adg}nlbln {lal yladf i}ft {lal jffng jdnm* aln Glcily 1.<; (blnln$ {mjlc{}ng tlng adg}nlbln }nq}b jdghq i}ft ildb {lal jfng jdnm cl}{}n gdjj nmq.«« Glcily 1.8 laljlh {mjlc{}ng jfng jdnm tlg adg}nlln {lal Bl{lj Jlqdh Cladadhlng ;< _mbfjlh Qdnggd [mydblnln.

Glcily 1. <;k[mjlc{}ng tlng adg}nlbln {lal yladf i}ft cl}{}n jdghq i}ft {lal jfng jdnm [mjlc{}ng jfng jdnm }c}cntl qmyi}lq alyd ilhln {jlsqdb amngln qdngblq bmbmntljln qdnggd* aln qlhln qmyhlal{ imyilgld qmblnln ldy {lal bmaljlcln jl}q qmyqmnq}* imyimnq}b i}jlq (imyb}{dng lql} qdalb imyb}{dng$* bfsfng (imydsd }alyl$ {lal ilgdln aljlcntl.«« [mjlc{}ng dnd adadsldn }nq}b clc{} cmnlhln qmblnln ldy hdnggl ad bmaljlcln ?;; c adilwlh {myc}blln jl}q.

Clsl jlj} smimj}c adqmc}bln {mjlc{}ng sdnqmqds clsdh

cmngg}nlbln {mjlc{}ng tlng qmyi}lq alyd imjdng (Glcily 1.<<$

Glcily 1. <<

[mjlc{}ng jfng jdnm tlng qmyi}lq alyd imjdng (s}alh qdalb adg}lbln$ ¤ _mbfjlh Qdnggd [mydblnln «‛ «Qmbnfjfgd [mnlngbl{ln Dbln

=9


9;;7

Glcily 1. <9««[mjlc{}ng Jfng Jdnm* [hfqf5 Lcln _l{}qyl. Cladadhlng ;<. _Q[ [lal {mngg}nllnntl {mjlc{}ng dnd adilj}q jlgd amngln qljd tlng ade}yld smamcdbdln y}{l (Glcily 1.<9$ lgly qdalb y}slb lql} {molh sllq imyimnq}yln jlngs}ng bm gmjlalb bl{lj lql} jlci}ng bl{lj. _mjldn smilgld {mngl{}ng ljlq {mnlngbl{ dbln ljlq dnd e}gl adg}nlbln smilgld {mngl{}ng {lal jdghq i}ft aln yladf i}ft lql} smilgld {mjlc{}ng qlcilhln {lal yladf i}ft lql} {lal qdlng imnamyl }qlcl. _milgdln imsly {mydblnln ylbtlq ({mydblnln qlngbl{$ ad Dnafnmsdl adbmjfjl lql} adf{mylsdbln fjmh bmjfc{fb mbfnfcd tlng slnglq jmclh* {fjl f{mylsd tlng cmymbl jlb}bln qdalb elylng hlntl o}b}{ }nq}b cmcmn}hd bmi}q}hln {lngln bmj}lyglntl.

Adqdc{ljd

amngln hlygl ilhln ljlq {mnlngbl{ dbln tlng qdalb qmyelngbl}* aln clhljntl idltl {yfa}bsd* smyql bmodjntl bm}nq}ngln }slhl* cmymbl qmy{lbsl cmcln`llqbln imyilgld ilhln {mngglnqd sm{myqd blymq {yfa}b sdsl {mci}lqln slnalj em{dq }nq}b {mjlc{}ng qylccmj nmq aln emydgmn {jlsqdb }nq}b {mjlc{}ng gdjj nmq.

[mjlc{}ng‛{mjlc{}ng }nq}b gdjj nmq

bfnpmnsdfnlj amwlsl dnd lal e}gl tlng cmngg}nlbln ilhln sqymymf`fyc (imbls bmclsln ljlq‛ljlq mjmbqyfndb$ tlng adilj}q amngln lntlcln qljd. [mjlc{}ng jfng jdnm qdalb {lalq* qmnglhntl bfsfng imydsd }alyl* nlc}n {mjlc{}ng dnd clc{} cmnlhln qmblnln ldy {lal bmaljlcln jl}q hdnggl ?;; cmqmy.««


=?


;;7


[mclslng n {mjlc{} g qlngjm nm * @LF (<479$

[mclsln ln««{mjlc{ ng ayd`q gdjjj nmq* @LF (<479$

[mclslngln {mjlc{}ng {lal q}n {}ysm s dnm * @LF (<479$

[mclslng n {mjlc{}ng {lal {}ysm smdnm* @LF (<479$

Glcily 1.
Ofnqfh {mclslngln {mjlc{}ng {lal imyilgld gdjj nmq* @LF ( 479$ 479$

1.?. Bf {fnmn [mcimylq Ad dnel} alyd ilhlnntl tl g adclbs}a amngln {m imylq laljlh smc}l ilhln tlng qmy{lslng {lal ljlq { nlngbl{ db n tlng cm djdbd clssl emnds jmidh imsly alyd <* 9=«« (ylql‛ ylql clsl l emnds ldy jl}q$. Ofnqfhntl laljlh qljd {mcimylq ( {}ysm j dnm* gyf}na yf{m$ ildb tlng qmyi}lq alyd ilh n [PL lql} ilel aln«« alyd qdclh* aln imsd (ilel lql}

mcimylqnt .«« [mcimyl dnd }c}cn l qmyi}lq

myjl{ds ile $* b}ndngln* lj}c}nd} . Ilhbln {lal ljlq

{mnlngbl{ dbln qylwj ildb qljd yds lqls lql} q jd yds ilwl }c}cntl qmyi}lq alyd bfc{fn* adclnl b c{fnmn } lcl qljd b c{fn laljlh qljd ile .

Qljd ilel lql} bfc{fn lbln

ademjlsbln bmc}adln. _mbdtlcl a n wdym jml my {lal jfng jdnm e}gl myi}lq alyd gli}ngln a}l emnds ilhln tldq} qljd ilel aln smylq i}lqln.

ma}lntl hlntl imyimal aljlc

adlcmqmyn l* smalng bfnsqy}bsd wdymntl laljl slcl. [mcimylq sms}ngg}hntl laljlh smc} qd{m {mci ylq tlng ad lslngbln {lal qljd yds ilwlh.««_milgld ofnqfh tlng qmycls}b aljlc mcimylq { al ljlq {mn ngbl{ dbln5 ¤ _mbfjlh Qdnggd mydblnln«‛ « Qmbnfjfgd [mn ngbl{ln Dbl

=1

I hln Ljlq [mn ngbl{ Dbln Fjmh5 _}{lyad yadael

Qylwj

5

;;7

Yds il lh* bfc{f mn ifiidn {lal `dsh qylwj (ylnqld* qdclh {mci ylq* smgmj‛ smgmj

mntlci}n * swdpmj* y}iimy sjdoms$* aln jmnf* fqqmy {mna nq* qlobjm

ohldn (shydc{ qylwj$* ajj* (Glc ly 1.<1 aln 1.<=$ [}ysm _mdn 5

[mci ylq lql} tlng adlnggl

smilgld { cimylq {l l {}ysm smdnm laljlh

(Glcily 1.<0$5 [mcimylq (qdclh$* ohldn iydajm (yl qld imsd$*

}ysm ydng

(sqldnj ss lql} b} dngln$* swdpmj (__Q$. [}ysm jdnm ([PL* wdym$. [mcimylq {lal

lnodng tlng adg}nlbl

ad {mydblnln alylq }c}cntl qmyi}lq alyd

qdclh (Glcily 17 17$$.«««

Bf {fnmn alnjmnf (@LF* <47=$

[mci ylq {}ysmsmdnm (Nfc}yl* <47=$

Qlobjm ohldn {lal ljlq mnlngbl{ dbln af}ijm ydg hydc{ qylwj* Nfc}yl (<47=$

[myjmn bl{ln««tlng jlngs}ng««aln qdalb jln s}ng cmnelad {mcimylq qylwj

Glcily 1. <1

Imyilgld bfnsqy}bsd bfc{fnmn mcimylq qy wj (ifiidn$

lcily 1. <=««Ifiidn* alnjmnf* y}i my soyl{{my {lal gyf}na yf{m qylwj


==


9;;7

Glcily 1. <0 Ifiidn* alnjmnf* y}iimy soyl{{my tlng qmy{lslng {lal gyf}na yf{m qylwj Hlc{dy smj}y}h bfc{fnmn aymagmy cls}b aljlc

bmjfc{fb

{mcimylq*

c}jld

alyd

ylngbl* idngbld* wmiidng««aln ylnqld.

Glcily 1. <7««Bfc{fnmn {mnimylq {lal aymagmy aln imlc qylwj


=0


;;7


Gl ily 1. <8

Bfc{fnmn {mcimylq { al {}ysm smdnm

Glci y 1. <4

Bfc{fnmn Jf g jdnm

Bmo}ljd {mjlc{}ng* smj} }h bfc{f mn jfng jdnm adlnggl

smilgld

fc{fnmn

{mcimylq* ilhbln sm dtlcl tlng qmyi}lq alyd [fjtlcdam Cfnf`djl mnq cmcdjdbd s{msd`do gylpdqt <*<1. Jdhlq Glcily 1.<4. ¤ _mbfjlh Qdnggd mydblnln«‛ « Qmbnfjfgd [mn ngbl{ln Dbl

=7


9;;7


1.?.< Emnds‛ emnds {mcimylq Qlimj 1.4

cmntledbln sme}cjlh ilhln {mcimylq tlng adg}nlbln {lal ljlq

{mnlngbl{ dbln. Qlimj 1. 4

Ilhln {mcimylq tlng adg}nlbln smilgld {mcimylq ljlq {mnlngbl{ dbln* Nfc}yl (<47=$

Ilhln

_{mod`do gylpdqt

Altl qmnggmjlc {my < jdqmy pfj}cm (bg$

Altl qmnggmjlc {my < bg imylq (bg$

Qdclh

<<*?=

<;*?=

;*4<9

7*9< ‟ 7*9< ‟ 7*8?

0*9< ‟ 0*9< ‟ 0*8?

;*80< ‟ ;*80< ‟ ;*879

B}ndngln

7*89

0*89

;*879

Gjlss

9*7

<*7;

;*0?;

Ilq}

9*0 ‟ 9*0 ‟ 9*7

<*0; ‟ <*0; ‟ <*7;

;*0<= ‟ ;*0<= ‟ ;*0?;

Ilq} ilql

<*4

;*4;

;*171

[lsdy

<*8

;*8;

;*111

Qlnlh

<*=

;*=;

;*???

[fysmjmn

<*79 ‟ <*79 ‟ 9*
;*79 ‟ ;*79 ‟ <*
;*19; ‟ ;*19; ‟ ;*=?;

Imqfn

?*;; ‟ ?*;; ‟ ?*<=

9*;; ‟ 9*;; ‟ 9*<=

;*000 ‟ ;*000 ‟ ;*809

Imsd

1.1. Ilhln ljlq {mnlngbl{ tlng qmyi}q Jfglc [mcilgdln tlng qmjlh ademjlsbln smimj}cntl hlntl }nq}b cmn}ne}bbln ilgdln clnl slel tlng al{lq adlnggl{ smilgld {mcimylq.

]c}cntl ilgdln‛ilgdln qmysmi}q

qmyi}lq alyd jfglc* (Ilel* Imsd* b}ndngln* sqmnjds* lj}cdnd}c* qdclh hdqlc$. E}gl* {lal ljlq {mnlngbl{ dbln tlng qmycls}b aljlc blqmgfyd cmqfam {mnlngbl{ln dbln amngln qljd aln«« {lnodng (Jdnm lna hffb $. $.

Clql

{lnodng smjldn smilgld ljlq }qlcl e}gl imy`}ngsd««

smilgld {mcimylq* e}gl qmycls}b swdpmj* ydng ajj. [lal bmntlqllnntl ilntlb jlgd ilhln‛ ilhln ljlq {mnlngbl{ dbln tlng qmyi}lq alyd jfglc sm{myqd ljlq‛ljlq {mntlci}ng (smgmj* ojlc{* ajj$.

Glcily 1.9; hdnggl 1.90 laljlh ofnqfh ilhln tlng qmyi}lq alyd jfglc aln

qmycls}b smilgld bmjfc{fb {mcimylq.


=8


;;7


<

9

?

1

=

0

7

8

Bmqmylngln5 (<$ Iljj iml dng swdpmj2 (9$ Ilyymj swdp j2 (?$ Ifx swdpmj2 (1$ Ilss ilyymj swdpmj (=$ @}qlil swdpmj2 (0$ mlpt swdpmj2 (7$ Qfy{maf swdpmj2 (8$ Qydlngjm swdpmj 2 }cimy5 [yms fn (<487$.

Glcily 1. 9;

<

9

Imy lgld swdpmj {lnodng tlng qmyi}lq alyd jfglc

?

1

=

0

7

8

Bmqmylngln 5 (<$ Oflsq jfob Ojd{2 (9$ Ofybsoymw Ojd{2 (?$ Hlwldln jd{2 (1$ _{jdq dng2 (=$ Wmj Wmj ma ydng2 (=$ Wdym ojd{2 (0$ Ofdj ojd{2 (7$ _l`qmt ojd{2 ( $ _{ydng Ojd{2 _}cimy5 [ym qfn (<487$.

Glcily 1. 9<

Imyilgld ojd{ {ln dng tlng qm i}lq alyd jf lc tlng ad li}n li}ng g amn amn ln swd swdpmj pmj


=4


;;7


? 9 1 < _mgmj (< a n 9 $2 swdpmj (?$2 ydng (1 aln =$ qmyi}lq alyd jfgl

=

9

<

1 ?

Ydng qd{m lngbl amjl{ln (< aln 9$2 snl{ ydng (? aln 1$ qmyi} q alyd jfglc

< 9 ? 1 Bmq5 <. Cls my jdnb2 9. Clsqmy jdnb wdqh lssmcijt2 ?5 ofnnmoqfy2 1. _wdpmj2

< 9 Glcily 1. 99

?

1

Q j}ydq aln qdcjd (<$2 I}qqmy`jt (9 aln ?$2 G qd{m ydng (1$ Imyil ld bmngbl{ln {lal qylwj tlng imy`}ngsd smilgld {mcimylq

Gl ily 1. 9?

qd{m snl{ tlng adg}nlbln {lal jfng jdnm


0;


;;7


Glcily 1. 91

Glcily 1. 9=

Glcil 1. 90

Qd{m [lnod g

Qd{m j ob qd{ }nq} jfng jdnm

Bf {fnmn ylw d alsly

1.=. Ilhln tlng myi}lq alyd Ilhln Gli}ngln _m }l ilhln ljlq {mnlngbl{ dbln ildb tlng qmyi lq alyd smy q ljlcd cl {}n smylq i}lqln* clsdng‛clsdng cmcdjdbd mb}ylngln aln bmjmidh n.

_mhdn gl {myj} }{ltl }nq}b


0<


;;7


cmndngblqbln

m`mb d`dqls aln m`dsdmnsd

blylbqmydsqdb tlng ad djdbd fjmh cmnggli}ngblnntl.

amngln c cln`llqbln imyilgld bmjmidhln

lsdng‛clsd g smylq lq } clqmydlj jldnntl amngln olyl

_ljlh slq}ntl tlng adbmnlj

aln ilntlb ad }nlbln

l ljlh

qljd

bfc{fn.

Gli}ngln tlng adclbs}a adsdnd laljlh cm ggli}ngbl imimyl{l mnds smylq

lql} jfgl

}nq}b cm i}lq s}lq} {yfa}b tlng slcl ql{d cmcdjdbd b ylbqmydsqdb tlng sljdng

cmng}nq} gbln.

_m lgld ofnqf {lal {lnodng {fjm & jdnm* bldj (gfygm$ qmyi}l alyd ilel

(cfamyn$ imyilgld em ds q}jlng l l} qlna}b (bfnpmnsdfnlj$* {lngblj {lnodng qmyi}lq alyd {d{l ilel addsd amngln dclh* {lnodng adblc}`j sm amngln myilgld i}j} }nggls. [lal qljd bfc fn tlng ad }nlbln smilgld yds lqls lql} yds il lh tlng adbfnsqy}bsd smilgld imydb}q5 <. {lal

jlq {mnlng l{ dbln qylwj2 laljlh gli}ngln qljd ilel* smylq [PL* smylq clndjl.««

Bfnsqy}bsdntl smi gld imydb}q5 _qylna tlng qmyi}lq a yd smylq ile adilj}q am gln smylq [PL (imy`}ngsd smilgld {mntmily lnqd bfyfsd aln {mnlhln qljd‛qljd ilel tlng qmy{}q}s$ 9. _qylna ad{dnqlj c nelad yf{m. Adlnqlyl sqylna ad{ls ng ofym alyd ilhln smylq clndjl tlng adomj}{ amng n gymlsm (i y`}ngsd smilgld {mntdc{ln lnqd bfyfsd$.«« Qy wj }c}cn l ilntlb

mngg}nlbl yf{m bfc fn qmy}ql l {lal yds qls (hmla

yf{m$ aln yds ilwlh ( yf}na yf{m$ lql} {lal yt nmq.«« Qmbndb {dnqljln {lal bfc{ n dnd e}gl

adg}nlbln {lal imnlng elydng tln cmcmyj}b n qdngblq b blb}ln qdn gd aln bmb} qln {}q}s tlng ims y.

_mylq {fjtmqhtjmnm cmcdjdbd qdngblq bmblb}ln qmyqdnggd adln lyl smylq

cfnf`djlcmnq* bmc}adln ad{dnqlj myslcl‛sl l amngln s ylq tlng cmcdjdbd bmb} qln {}q}s imsly }nq}b cmci}lq slq} imnlng bfc{fn lng blb} a n b}lq (Gl ily 1.97 i$. Qlimj 1 cmntledbl s{msd`dblsd wdym bfc{ n* tldq} qljd ilel (wdy $ clsdng‛clsdng sqylna‛ntl adjdjdq (smdudng$ cmntmyfng ilj}q amngln jdjdqln sqylna smylq clndjl amngln mbndb bfc{fn sm{myqd {lal Glc ly 1.97.«« _mbdtlcl {la ljlq {mnlngbl{ dbln jfng jdnm cmngg}nlbln qmbndb jdjdqln qmglb (Gl ily 1.97l$ laljlh wdym jmlamy tlng adjdjdq amn ln imnlng [PL* amng n q}e}ln««« lgly«« qdalb«« jdodn«« sllq dqlydb amng n qlngln {lal qlhl{ln hl}jdng {l l {mngf{mylsdln jfng jdnm.««Qlimj 1.<; laljlh s{msd`dblsd ljd bfc{fn

l. _mbdtlcl alyd wdym jmlamy tlng djdjdq [PL ¤ _mbfjlh Qdnggd mydblnln«‛ « Qmbnfjfgd [mn ngbl{ln Dbl

09


;;7


.

i. Qljd bfc fn tlng adg}nlbln }nq}b yf}na yf{m {lal qyl j (@LF* <47 $

Glcily 1. 97

o. Clql elyd g tlng qmyi}lq alyd bfc{fn [M aln [M_

Olyl smd dng aljlc

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Glcily 1. 94

Bjdb glcilyntl glcilyntl edbl edbl dngdn jmidh jmidh emjls emjls Wdym yf{m2 Bjdb

YDNGBL_LN <. Ljlq {mnlngbl{ dbln smolyl }c}c qmyilgd aljlc a}l bmjfc{fb* tldq} bmjfc{fb ljlq {mnlngbl{ dbln tlng ilgdln }qlclntl qmyi}lq alyd wmiidng aln bmjfc{fb ljlq {mnlngbl{ dbln tlng ilgdln }qlclntl qmyi}lq alyd qljd. 9. Ljlq {mnlngbl{ dbln tlng bfc{fnmn }qlclntl qmyi}lq alyd wmiidng laljlh5 bfc{fnmn {mjlc{}ng* bfc{fnmn ilaln elyydng* aln bfc{fnmn {mcimylq. _malngbln bmjfc{fb tlng qmyi}lq alyd qljd qmyadyd alyd bfc{fnmn {mjlc{}ng* bfc{fnmn qljd* aln bfc{fnmn {mcimylq. ?. Ilhln ljlq {mnlngbl{ dbln qmyilgd aljlc ? emnds* smylq* jfglc aln gli}ngln smylq aln jfglc (bfc{fn$. 1. Adqdnel} alyd ilhlnntl tlng adclbs}a amngln {mjlc{}ng laljlh smc}l ilhln tlng qmy{lslng {lal ljlq {mnlngbl{ dbln tlng cmcdjdbd clssl emnds jmidh bmodj alyd <*;9= (ylql#ylql clssl emnds ldy jl}q$. =. Ilhln {mjlc{}ng }nq}b ljlq {mnlngbl{ dbln qmyilgd cmnelad a}l bmjfc{fb tldq} bmjfc{fb tlng qmyi}lq alyd ilgdln q}ci}hln lql} bmjfc{fb ilhln i}lqln. 0. Adqdnel} alyd ilhlnntl tlng adclbs}a amngln {mcimylq laljlh smc}l ilhln tlng qmy{lslng {lal ljlq {mnlngbl{ dbln tlng cmcdjdbd clssl emnds jmidh imsly alyd <*;9= (ylql#ylql clssl emnds ldy jl}q$. 7. Adqdnel}

alyd

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01


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[MYQLNTLLN M__LT <. Adqdnel} alyd ilhln ljlq {mnlngbl{ dbln* l{lblh tlng adclbs}a amngln {mjlc{}ng. Emjlsbln {mnal{lq sl}alyl. 9. Adqdnel} alyd ilhln ljlq {mnlngbl{ dbln* l{lblh tlng adclbs}a amngln {mcimylq Emjlsbln {mnal{lq sl}alyl. ?. Adqdnel} alyd ilhln ljlq {mnlngbl{ dbln* l{lblh tlng adclbs}a amngln ilhln gli}ngln Emjlsbln {mnal{lq sl}alyl. 1. _mi}qbln ilhln#ilhln ljlcd tlng al{lq aln clsdh adg}nlbln smilgld {mjlc{}ng* aln smi}qbln ljlq {mnlngbl{ dbln l{l slel tlng slc{ld smblylng clsdh cmngg}nlblnntl. =. _mi}qbln ilhln#ilhln ljlcd tlng al{lq aln clsdh adg}nlbln smilgld {mcimylq* aln smi}qbln

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[MYQLNTLLN GLNAL (?$ <. Ilhln {mjlc{}ng tlng qmyi}lq alyd ilqlng q}ci}hln* adlnqlylntl laljlh5 L. Mifndq

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?. Imnal i}jlq imyimnq}b ifjl {lalq tlng qmyi}lq alyd lj}c}nd}c edbl adg}nlbln smilgld bfc{fnmn ljlq {mnlngbl{ dbln laljlh qmycls}b bmjfc{fb5 L. [mjlc{}ng

I. Bfc{fn

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1. Qljd yds lqls gdjj nmq tlng qmyi}lq alyd [PL imyadlclqmy < oc laljlh ilhln tlng adbmjfc{fbbln {lal bmjfc{fb5 L. [mjlc{}ng

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I. 3 <.;9=

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I. Bfc{fn

O. Altl qmnggmjlc

A. _dnqmqds

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qdalb c}alh {}q}s qdalb om{lq blylqln qmyjdna}ngd alyd gmsmbln amngln alsly jl}q wmiidng qylwj qdalb ntlngb}q {lal gyf}na yf{m

4. Wmiidng {}blq }alng tlng qmyi}lq alyd ilhln [M qmycls}b aljlc bmjfc{fb5 bmjfc{fb5 L. Altl l{}ng

I. Bfc{fn

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A. _dnqmqds

<;. Wmiidng {}ysm smdnm tlng qmyi}lq qmyi}lq alyd ilhln [L qmycls}b aljlc {lal bmjfc{fb5 L. Altl l{}ng

I. Bfc{fn

O. Altl qmnggmjlc

A. _dnqmqds

Q]GL_ (?$ <. Alqljlh««smi}lh ljlq {mnlngbl{ dbln bmc}adln««q}jdsbln jl{fyln tlng tmng imydsd emnds imydsd emnds‛ emnds ilhln tlng adg}nlbln. 9. I}lqjlh {l{my bmodj bmodj cmng cmngmnld ilhln ljlq {mnlngbl{ dbln tlng sl}alyl lclqd lclqd** ilnadngbln amngln imyilgld jdqmylq}y tlng sl}alyl bmqlh}d.

«« ¤ _mbfjlh Qdnggd [mydblnln «‛ «Qmbnfjfgd [mnlngbl{ln Dbln

00


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ILI PD«««_QY]BQ]Y ALN BFN_QY]B_D =.<.

_qy}bq}y Alsly _mylq«« Alyd q}e}h gy}{ smylq i}lqln tlng cmcdjdbd sd`lq tlng imyimal* qmyadyd alyd mc{lq

sqy}bq}y alsly tldq} Ofnqdn}f}s `djlcmnq* _ql{jm `dimy* Cfnf`djlcmnq* _{jdq `dimy.

=.<.<.

Ofnqdn}f}s @djlcmnq _mylq dnd cmcdjdbd {lnelng qlb qmyilqls* {mnlc{djlnntl cdyd{ s}qyl aln ad{yfa}bsd aljlc imyilgld `dnmnmss* }c}cntl imyadlcmqmy jmidh bmodj alyd ;*;= cc.

_mylq qmyhlj}s

cmcdjdbd imylq ;*9 gylc {my <.;;; cmqmy* ilhbln jmidh hlj}s alyd s}qyl.«« Glcily =. < _qy}bq}y imnlng* (<$ bfc{fn lnqlyl cfnf`djmclnq amngln ofnqdn}f}s `djmcmnq (wlynl {}qdh$2 (9$ cfnf`djlcmnq

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_ql{jm @dimy _mylq dnd qmy{}q}s‛{}q}s amngln {lnelng lnqlyl 1; ‟ <9; cc (Glcily =.9.<$.««

_{}n tlyn (tlyn }nq}b smylq sql{jm `dimy$ adimnq}b amngln cmcdnqlj smylq sql{jm* altl ymblq lnqlyl smylq adlbdilqbln fjmh qmblnln tlng adqdci}jbln {dnqljln* cdyd{ aljlc {mci}lqln tlyn tlng qmyi}lq alyd ofqqfn lql} wffj.

[myc}blln s{}n tlyn blsly*

adlbdilqbln fjmh ilntlbntl }e}ng smylq tlng bm j}ly alyd {dnqljlnntl. {myc}blln dnd cmntmilibln sdc{}j qdalb cmjmsmq (sjd{$

Bmblslyln

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07


9;;7


=.<.?.

Cfnf`djlcmnq Lyqd cfnf`djlcmnq laljlh ilhwl sm}qls

smylq

o}b}{

b}lq

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smilgld tlyn qln{l cmcmyj}bln {yfsms jlne}qln smi}qln

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{mnlclln wdym jmlamy* sqmmj wdym. ajj.«« Hlj dnd cmy}{lbln {myimalln tlng msmnsdlj amngln smylq Glcily =. 9 _qy}bq}y««imnlng* (<$ sql{jm `dimy2««(9$ cfnf`djlcmnq2 (?$ s{jdq (`djc$ `dimy

tlng adi}lq

aljlc imnq}b ofnqdn}f}s aln sql{jm adclnl«««bma}l«««smylq«««dnd«««qdalb«««al{lq

jlngs}ng adi}lq wmiidng. _malngbln smylq cfnf`djlcmnq al{lq jlngs}ng ade}yld }nq}b cmci}lq smjmcily wmiidng* bh}s}sntl [L cfnf`djlcmnq (Glcily =.<.9 aln Glcily =.9.9$ qylns{lyln al{lq adi}lq jlngs}ng sm{myqd Gdjj nmq.

Cfnf`djlcmnq al{lq adi}lq

amngln }b}yln adlcmqmy sms}ld bmi}q}hln* nlc}n tlng qmybmodj imyadlcmqmy smbdqly ;*< ‟ ;*< ‟ < cc lql} jmidh amngln imnq}b {mnlc{lng cmjdnqlng i}jlq.

_malngbln tlng

{mnlc{lngntl fplj lql} {jlq adlcmqmyntl lnqlyl ;*<7 " ;*?1 lql} ;*91 " ;*18 cc. _mylq cfnf`djlcmnq dnd }c}cntl adi}lq }nq}b qylwj lql} qljd‛qljd imy}b}yln imsly* sm{myqd }nq}b `jflq jdnm* qyfs aln s{ydng.«««

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_{jdq @dimy _{jdq `dimy (Glcily =.9.?$ cmy}{lbln {mngmcilngln smqmjlh ofnqdn}f}s

`djmcmnq* lsjdntl laljlh {dql {jlsqdb tlng {lal sllq {yfsms {mci}lqlnntl adjlb}bln {mnlydbln (sqymqohma$ amngln ylsdf {mnlydbln smhdnggl lbln cmcimnq}b {dql tlng cmcimnq}b smy{dhln cmclnelng idjl ad{dnqlj.««

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Bfnsqy}bsd Imnlng _molyl }c}c bfnsqy}bsd imnlng qmyilgd cmnelad a}l* tldq} imnlng elydng tlng

ad{dnqlj (qwdsqma$ (Giy.7;$ aln adlntlc (iyldama$ (Giy.7<$. cmcimydbln

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08

Ilhln Ljlq [mnlngb { Dbln

;;7

Fjmh5 _}{ yad Lyada l Imnlng el dng tlng

dg}nlbln }nq}b qylwj ad blwl ln Myf{l }c}cntl

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nq}b blwl ln Lsdl }c}cntl cm gg}nlbln

imnlng tlng ad{dnq j.

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04


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=.<.0.

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=.1.

Imnlng Elydng Nmqqdng qwdnm lql} `fjama tlyn laljlh imnlng elydng tlng qmyi}lq alyd a}l lql}

jmidh sdngjm tlyn lql} cfnf`djlcmnq amngln hlntl slq} bljd f{mylsd {mcdnqljln. Dsqdjlh nmqqdng qwdnm slcl amngln imnlng elydng. imnlng elydng.«« Dsqdjlh jldnntl sm{myqd nmq qwdnm* `dshnmq qwdnm* `dshdng qwdnm smhly}sntl qdalb adg}nlbln jlgd. Qmyal{lq imyilgld olyl {mngg}j}ngln ( `fjadng$* {mjl{dsln ( {jtdng$ lql} {mngglnalln (af}ijdng$.«««« Cmqfal tlng {ljdng smamyhlnl }nq}b cmci}lq imnlng elydng laljlh amngln cmnggli}ngbln a}l lql} jmidh sdngjm tlyn aljlc slq} bljd f{mylsd {mcdnqljln. (Jdhlq Glcily =.<$.

Lal e}gl imnlng elydng tlng qmyadyd jmidh alyd qdgl

cfnf`djlcmnq tlng adi}lq amngln slq} bljd f{mylsd {mcdnqljln««

=.<.7.

Olijma nmqqdng qwdnm«« Olijma nmqqdng qwdnm laljlh tlyn tlng qmyadyd alyd gli}ngln a}l lql} jmidh

nmqqdng qwdnm amngln smbljd (lql} jmidh$ f{mylsd {mcdnqljln.

_milgdln imsly imnlng

elydng qdalb adbfnsqy}bsd smsmamyhlnl {mcdnqljln aljlc slq} bljd f{mylsd {mcdnqljln.«« Olijma imqqdng qwdnm adi}lq aljlc qdgl qlhl{ln* jdhlq Glcily =.=. <. _me}cjlh smylq adgli}ngbln cmnelad sdngjm tlyn. 9. _me}cjlh sdngjm tlyn ad{dnqlj cmcimnq}b `fjama tlyn lql} imnlng elydng* imnlng elydng* ?. _me}cjlh imnlng elydng imyslcl‛slcl«« ad{dnqlj amngln f{mylsd {mcdnqljln smb}namy }nq}b cmcimnq}b qd{m olijma nmqqdng qwdnm lql} yf{m. [lal Qlimj =.< Nf. ?* 1* 4 ‛« <=* aln smc}l imnlng [M bmo}ljd nfcfy <8* laljlh imnlng elydng imnlng elydng tlng qmyadyd alyd qdgl `fjama tlyn aln a}l lql} mc{lq `fjama tlyn. (Qlimj =.<««


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nf. 98$. Nf. <0 aln <7 laljlh olijma nmqqdng qwdnm tlng ad{yfsms jmidh jlne}q. Imnlng elydng tlng qmyadyd alyd mc{lq lql} mnlc sdngjm tlyn tlng ad{dnqlj cmcimnq}b smi}lh imnlng elydng* tlng mc{lq ad{dnqlj cmnelad olijma nmqqdng qwdnm* aln tlng qdgl ad{dnqlj bmciljd cmnelad {yfa}b lbhdy. (Glcily =.=$.«««

=.<.8.

Imnlng Elydng Lntlc Imnlng elydng lntlc laljlh imnlng elydng tlng adi}lq amngln olyl adlntlc

(lql} adsdjlngbln$. «« Iyldadng lql} {mnglntlcln laljlh {yfsms {mneljdnln qdgl lql} jmidh imnlng smamcdbdln y}{l smhdnggl imnlng‛imnlng qmysmi}q sljdng cmntdjlng slq} slcl jldn aljlc `fyclsd adlgfnlj. [yfa}b alyd {yfsms dnd adsmi}q imnlng elydng lntlc (iyldama nmqqdng tlyn$. W}e}a imnlng elydng }c}cntl imyimnq}b qli}ng lql} j}cmn (yfnggl aljlc$ qmyglnq}ng {lal emnds lntlcln tlng adg}nlbln.

Imnlng lntlc

imy}b}yln imsly }c}cntl cmcdjdbd ofym* smalngbln tlng imy}b}yln bmodj qdalb cmcdjdbd ofym.«««« Cmn}y}q Bj}sq (<47?$ cmsdn {mnglntlc cmcdjdbd sme}cjlh s{dnajm (ilna}j$ tlng imygmylb aljlc lylh cmjdngbly cmjd}b‛jd}b (gmylbln }jly cmclnelq {fhfn$* smilgdln imygmylb bm blnln aln smilgdln jldnntl imygmylb bmbdyd. _mhdnggl sme}cjlh sqylna lbln imylal ad lqls sme}cjlh sqylna jldnntl.«« Ofym lql} hlqd laljlh dsqdjlh }nq}b slq} sdngjm tlyn* `fjama tlyn lql} cfnf`djlcmnq. i}bln cmy}{lbln bfc{fnmn lntlcln ql{d hlntl cmngdsd y}lngln bfsfng adlnqlyl lntlcln (j}cmn$. Edbl ofym adlnggl{ cmcimydbln bfnqydi}sd qmyhlal{ ndjld qfqlj iymlbdng sqymngqh* mbsqmnsdidjdqlsntl hly}s mbdpljmn smbmjdjdngntl.

amngln {mnglntlc

Blymnl ljlsln dnd* ofym tlng qmyi}lq alyd ofnqdn}f}s `djlcmnq hly}s

ad{dnqlj }nq}b cmndngblqbln mbsqmnsdidjdqlsntl. Imnlng [M tlng }c}cntl addsd amngln ofym tlng qmyadyd jmidh alyd ?; cfnf`djlcmnq. Cfnf`djlcmnq dnd }c}cntl qdalb ad{dnqlj.«« [lal sllq {mng}edln iymlbdng sqymngqh ofym dnd jmidh a}j}ln {}q}s smimj}c imnlng elyydng imnlng elyydng cmnol{ld clbsdc}c iymlbdng sqymngqh‛ntl.««« Glcily 7? l laljlh imnlng lntlc tlng qmyadyd alyd amjl{ln sqylna tlng adlntlc smjlng slq} sqylna* slq} sqylna cmntdjlng ad lqls slq} sqylna jldnntl.

Glcily 7?i

qmylntlc alyd <0 sqylna amngln olyl cmnglntlc sdjlng a}l sqylna ad lqls a}l sqylna jldnntl.

[lnlh cmn}ne}bbln slq} sdbj}s {}qlyln }nq}b clsdng‛clsdng sqylna }nq}b

cmntmjmsldbln lntlclnntl.

[lal lntlcln 8 sqylna elylbntl cmnol{ld 1 sdjlngln*

smalngbln {lal imnlng <0 sqylna cmnol{ld 8 sdjlngln.« « « « Qlnal sdjlng x cmntlqlbln ¤ _mbfjlh Qdnggd [mydblnln «‛ «Qmbnfjfgd [mnlngbl{ln Dbln

79


;;7

Fjmh5 _}{ yad Lyada l

sqylna mysmi}q c}no}j bmciljd {lal ilyds tlng slc * {lal 0l mqmjlh 1 sdj ngln ngln aln {lal G cily =.0 i smqmjlh 8 sdj ngln.

lcily =. 0

_qy}bq}y mnlng lntlc* (Bj}sq* < 4?$

[lal Qlimj =.9 jlcilng s.t {lal fjfc i laljlh e}cjlh dngjm tlyn ljlc slq} sqylna. Jlcilng qy. cmntlq bln e}cjlh sqylna aljlc slq} imnlng lntlc. Bfjfc o laljlh e laljlh e}cjlh sdjlngln tlng ql {lb imysdsdln cmcimn q}b ilyds sm lnelng <; oc.«« Bfjfc a laljl ndjld qmx t ng ad}b}y.«« Bfjfc m la jlh {myima ln aljlc {mysmn lnqly ndjld Yqmx tlng ad}b}y (bfjfc l$ amngln e}cjlh ndjld Y qmx tlng ad}b}y }nq b smj}y}h sdngjm tlyn tlng cmcimnq}b lntlcln bmo}ljd ofym. _mjlne}qntl lijm dnd cmn}ne}bbln djld‛ndjld Y qmx }nq}b imnlng lntlc tln cmcdjdbd ofym aln tlng qdalb.

fjfc m cmn}ne}bbln

bmnldbln imylq }n }b qfqlj lntlcln alj c {mysmn myhlal{ qfqlj imylq b smj}y}hln sqylna adbldqbln a ngln {mng ntlcln a n {mnlcilhln ofym. [lal }c} ntl* ofym«« jlngs}ng adqlcilh ln {lal imylqntl. Edb }b}yln ofym dnd slnglq bmodj sm{myqd {lal nf. <<.* bmn bmnldbln imylqntl al{lq cmnol{ld =;

. _qy}bq}y mnlng lnt c smolyl } }c sljlh

slq}ntl lbln adi}lq amngln olyl5 ∙

_lq} sqylna ad lqls slq} aln adilwlh slq} jldnn l

∙

_lq} sqylna ad lqls slq} aln adilwlh a}l jldnntl

∙

_lq} sqylna ad lqls a}l aln adilwl a}l jldnnt _dsqmc lnt c cmc{} tld imimyl l bm}ngg}j n adilnadngbln amngl qljd tlng

ad{dnqlj tldq}5 <. Qljd lntlc qda qdalb lbln i y}ilh imnq}b smh}i} gln amngln lalntl

mngmodjln««

}b}yln sqylna lbdilq {myjl lnln qmyhl l{ bmiljdbln lylh {dnqljln smilgld lnl tlng qmyelad {lal sds mc {dnqljln. 9. Qljd lntlc clc{} cmci qlsd lalnt qmb}bln‛qmb}bln qljd. smb namy sljdn

cmntmdcilngbln

[dnqljln {ydcmy aln

blymnl sqylna tlng ad{d qlj U aln

adlntlc

smo yl imylq}y n. Hlj dnd bln cmc{ yqlhlnbln mnq}b qljd ntlc ilhbln smqmjlh qljd qmysmi}q jl l adg}nlbl .

¤ _ bfjlh Qdnggd [mydblnln «‛ «Qmbnfjfgd [mnlngbl{ln Dbl

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Fjmh5 _}{lyad Lyadael ?. Qljd lntlc slnglq jmnq}y qdalb c}alh sjd{ lql} qmy}yld.««««

Nlc}n amcdbdln sdsqmc lntlc clsdh cmcdjdbd bmb}ylngln adilnadngbln amngln sdsqmc {dnqlj* tldq} lnqlyl jldn laljlh5 <. Iymlbdng {fdnq mxqmnsdfn sdsqmc lntlc jmidh bmodj adilnadngbln amngln sdsqmc {dnqlj.«« Fjmh blymnlntl* {myj} hlqd‛hlqd aljlc {mngg}nllnntl smili Dndqdlj jfla mxqmnsdfn smadbdq jmidh imsly adsilnadng sdsqmc {dnqlj. 9. Qljd amngln sdsqmc lntlc qdalb al{lq adg}j}ng sm{myqd {lal sdsqmc {dnqlj* blymnl qmyadyd alyd a}l {lslng sqylna tlng ad{dnqlj amngln imyjlwlnln lylh.

Qlimj =. 9

Bfnsqy}bsd imnlng elyydng tlng adlntlc tlng qmyi}lq alyd ilhln [L aln [[ ofnqdn}f}s `djlcmnq. l

Nf

<. 9. ?. 1. =. 0. 7. 8. 4. <;. <<. <9.
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47 <4; 47 <80 <4?
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s.t

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`

q

Bmqmylngln _ _ " ofym H C C " ofym C " ofym C " ofym H H H " ofym bmodj H C PH H H PH C H PH " ofym C C‛H H " sqylna ad{d ad{dnq nqlj lj PH C‛H C‛H C‛H C‛H

([L$ (‚$ (‚$ (‚$ (‚$ ([[$ ([L$ ([[$ ([L$ (‚$ ([[$ ([L$ (‚$ (‚$ (‚$ (‚$ ([[$ ([L$ (‚$ ([[$ ([L$ (‚$ (‚$ (‚$ (‚$ (‚$ (‚$

Bmqmylngln 5««_ 3 _f`q2 C 3 Cmad}c2 H 3 hdgh2 PH 3 Pmyt hdgh* Bj}sq (<47?$.


71


;;7


Glcily =. 7 Qljd lntlc 8 sqylna

Glcily =. 4

=.<.4.

Qljd lntlc 8 3 sqylna

Glcily =. 8 Q jd amngln ?«‛«sqylna

Gl ily =. <; Q jd amngln 1

sqylna

[dnqljl (Qwdsq$ [dnqljln laljlh {yfsms cmcdjdn s}lq} bfc{fnmn sdngjm tlyn* `fjama tlyn* lql}

imnlng elydng aljl

lylh {}qlyln s{dylj* ndjldntl cmntlqlbln e}cj lqlbln e}cjlh {}qlyln my slq}ln

{lneln tlng adsmi}q e}cjlh {dnqljln* adntlqlbln aljl

slq}ln q&

({}qlyln my cmqmy$

lql} q&d ({}qlyln {my dnod$.

=.<.< . LYLH««[DNQLJLN««( dymoqdfn ` ` qwdsq$ qwdsq$ Lylh {dnqljln adntlqlbln amngln sdci}j h}y { bl{dqlj _ aln U (Glcily 78$.«« [dnqljl

_ lql} U

aljlh edbl imnlng lql

qljd adjmql bln pmyqdolj* {}qlyln {dylj lql}

hmjdoms tlng adimn }b fjmh `djlcmnq* tlyn* lql} sqylna cmntmyfn cmc}qlyd s}ci}ntl amngln lylh tlng slcl cmcimnq}b h}y}{ _ lql} U.««

Glcily =. <<

Lylh {dnq jln _ aln U } q}b tlng ad{dnqlj«««

=.<.< . _qylna _qylna laljlh dsqdjlh tlng adg}nlb n }nq}b slq} bfc{fnm dnadpda} a yd imnlng elydng tlng ad{dnqlj lql} adlnt c.

_mjlne}qntl smb} {}jln (a}l lql} jmidh$ tlyn tlng

ad{dnqlj cmnelad slq} adsmi}q sq lna.««Hlj dnd }nq}b cmn mamyhlnlb n dsqdjlh.


7=


;;7


=.<.< . Bfm`dsd n {dnqljln«« Bfm`dsdmn {dnqljln (μ$ cmy}{lbl

}b}yln qd gblq {dnqljln s}lq}

ad{myfj h amngln cmngljdbln e}cjlh {dnqljln {my

lyn* tlng

lq}ln {lnelng adbljdbln amngln

sqlnaly hdq}ngln a jlc adymoq stsqmc«««_mo yl clqmclqds adntlqlbln amngln5

μ

qmx

3

q

qm

c x

<; ;

Amngln

lalntl

bfm`dsdmn

{dnqlj n

adc}ngbdnbln }nq}b cmcilnad gbln e}cj h {dnqljln imnlng elydng tlng imy mal `dnmnmss Glcily 74««Dj}s ylsd e}cjlh ylsd e}cjlh {dnqljln

tlng

smj ne}qntl

al{lq

adg} lbln

}nq b

cmnolyd { yimalln qdngblq {dnqljln.««« Glcil 74 hlntl }nq}b cmn}ne}bbln l{ tlng adclbs}a amngln e}cjlh {dnqljln {my slq}ln lnelng.

YDNGBL_LN (1$ <. Ofnqdn}f}s `djl mnq laljlh _mylq tlng cmcdjdbd {lnelng qlb qmyilqls aljl

imyilgld

`dnmnmss 9. Cfnf`djlcmnq laljlh sm}qls smylq tl g o}b}{ b}lq imy`}ng d smilgld t yn sqylna qln l cmcmyj}bln {yfsms j ne}qln lql} adbmnlj e}g adbmnlj e}g amngln sm }qln wdym«« ?. _ql jm `dimy laljlh smylq tl g qmy{}q}s‛{}q}s amngln {lnelng lnqlyl 1; ‟ 1; ‟ < ; cc.«« 1. _{jdq `dimy c y}{lbln {mngmcilng n smqmjlh ofnqdn}f} * {lal sllq {yfsms {m i}lqlnntl adjlb}bln {mnlydbln (sqymqohma$ amngln s lq} ylsdf {mnlydbln smhdnggl lbln

mcimnq}b {dql tlng c cimnq}b s y{dhln cm lnelng.

=. Nmqqdng tlyn laljlh dsqdjlh }nq}b smc}l clqmydlj qmbsqdj tlng adg}nl ln }nq}b cm lbdq ljlq {m lngbl{ dbl * ildb jlngs}ng ade}yld mngln cmsd n lql} amngln qlngln* qln l {myj} {yfsms jlne}qln.

El d* imnlng cfnf`djl mnq q}ngglj (sdngjm

cf f`djlcmnq $ al{lq addsqdj hbln amng n imnlng e ydng* edbl jl gs}ng ade}yld cmnelad

ljlq {mnlngbl{ dbln. 0. _dn jm tlyn laljlh bfc{fnmn imnlng elydng tlng j ngs}ng ad{dnqlj smolyl smamyhlnl alyd sme}cjlh s ylq. 7. _qy na laljlh dsqdjlh tlng adg}nlbln }nq}b slq} bfc{fnmn dnadpda} a yd imnlng elyd g tlng ad{d qlj lql} adlntlc


70


9;;7

8. Nmqqdng qwdnm lql} `fjama tlyn laljlh imnlng elydng imnlng elydng tlng qmyi}lq alyd a}l lql} jmidh sdngjm tlyn lql} cfnf`djlcmnq amngln hlntl slq} bljd f{mylsd {mcdnqljln. 4. Olijma nmqqdng qwdnm laljlh tlyn tlng qmyadyd alyd gli}ngln a}l lql} jmidh nmqqdng qwdnm amngln smbljd (lql} jmidh$ f{mylsd {mcdnqljln. <;. Imnlng elydng lntlc laljlh imnlng elydng tlng adi}lq amngln olyl adlntlc (lql} adsdjlngbln$ tlng ad{yfsms amngln cmneljdn qdgl lql} jmidh imnlng smamcdbdln y}{l«« smhdnggl imnlng‛imnlng qmysmi}q sljdng cmntdjlng slq} slcl jldn aljlc `fyclsd adlgfnlj. <<. [dnqljln laljlh {yfsms cmcdjdn s}lq} bfc{fnmn sdngjm tlyn* `fjama tlyn* lql} imnlng elydng aljlc lylh {}qlyln s{dylj* ndjldntl cmntlqlbln e}cjlh {}qlyln {my slq}ln {lnelng tlng adsmi}q e}cjlh {dnqljln* adntlqlbln aljlc slq}ln q&c ({}qlyln {my cmqmy$ lql} q&d ({}qlyln {my dnod$ <9. Lylh {dnqljln laljlh edbl imnlng lql} qljd adjmqlbbln pmyqdolj* {}qlyln s{dylj lql} hmjdoms tlng adimnq}b fjmh `djlcmnq* tlyn* lql} sqylna cmntmyfng cmc}qlyd s}ci}ntl amngln lylh tlng slcl cmcimnq}b h}y}{ _ lql} U.
«««

[MYQLNTLLN M__L T (1 (1$$ <. L{lblh tlng adclbs}a amngln sqy}bq}y smylq i}lqln 6 9. L{lblh tlng adclbs}a amngln ofnqdn}f}s `djlcmnq 6 ?. L{lblh tlng adclbs}a amngln sql{jm `dimy 6 1. L{lblh tlng adclbs}a amngln cfnf`djlcmnq 6 =. L{lblh tlng adclbs}a amngln s{jdq `dimy 6 0. Cmn}y}q _l}alyl cmngl{l smylq i}lqln adi}lq aljlc imyilgld qd{m sm{myqd aljlc {myqlntlln < hdnggl =. 7. Cmn}y}q _l}alyl tlng adbmnlj amngln qljd Yl{dl tlng smydng adg}nlbln smilgld ilhln {mngdblq smhlyd‛hlyd qmycls}b aljlc qd{m smylq tlng clnl 6. 8. Jltlngln tlng smydng _l}alyl cldnbln smwlbq}««bmodj qmycls}b aljlc qd{m smylq tlng clnlblh 6. 4. Imnlng bl{ls laljlh qmycls}b smylq ljlcd* qmycls}b sqy}bq}y imnlng tlng clnlblh cmn}y}q _l}alyl6 ¤ _mbfjlh Qdnggd [mydblnln «‛ «Qmbnfjfgd [mnlngbl{ln Dbln

77


9;;7


<;. Qljd lsims tlng idlsl adg}nlbln smilgld ljlq {mjdna}ng {lnls {lal slj}yln gls i}lng ad bl{lj* cmn}y}q _l}alyl qmycls}b {lal sqy}bq}y imnlng tlng clnlblh6«« <<. L{lblh tlng adclbs}a amngln imnlng elydng imnlng elydng 6 <9. L{lblh tlng adclbs}a amngln tlyn 6
«««

[DJDHLN G LNAL (1$

<. _mylq tlng cmcdjdbd {lnelng qlb qmyilqls aljlc imyilgld `dnmnmss bmo}ljd ad{}q}s sms}ld amngln bmi}q}hn aljlc {yfsms bfnsqy}bsd* tlng idlsl adbmnlj amgln smi}qln5 L. Cfnf `djlcmnq

I. Ofnqdn}f}s `djlcmnq

O. _ql{jm `dimy

A. _{jdq `dimy

9. ..................laljlh«« sm}qls smylq tlng o}b}{ b}lq imy`}ngsd smilgld tlyn sqylna qln{l cmcmyj}bln {yfsms jlne}qln lql} adbmnlj e}gl adbmnlj e}gl amngln smi}qln wdym5 L. Cfnf `djlcmnq


O. _ql{jm `dimy

A. _{jdq `dimy

?. B}yljfn ([PL$ tlng }c}c adg}nlbln smilgld cldn jdnm lql} iylnoh jdnm {lal jfng jdnm cmcdjdbd sqy}bq}y smylq tlng qmy{}q}s‛{}q}s amngln {lnelng lnqlyl 1; ‟ 1; ‟ <9; cc tlng adbmnlj amngln dsqdjlh...............5 L. Cfnf `djlcmnq


O. _ql{jm `dimy

A. _{jdq `dimy

1. _dl{l{}n ad Dnafnmsdl dnd cmngmnj qljd yl{dlh tlng idlsl adg}nlbln }nq}b cmngdblq imjlnelln ad {lsly lql} ad qfbf‛qfbf cmy}{lbln smylq tlng imyimnq}b {d{dh (`djc$ cmclnelng lql} tng adsmi}q e}gl adsmi}q e}gl amngln dsqdjlh5 ¤ _mbfjlh Qdnggd [mydblnln «‛ «Qmbnfjfgd [mnlngbl{ln Dbln

78

Ilhln Ljlq [mnlngbl{ Dbln Fjmh5 _}{lyad Lyadael L. Cfnf `djlcmnq


O. _ql{jm `dimy

9;;7 A. _{jdq `dimy

=. .................. laljlh dsqdjlh }nq}b smc}l clqmydlj qmbsqdj tlng adg}nlbln }nq}b cmylbdq ljlq {mnlngbl{ dbln* ildb jlngs}ng ade}yld amngln cmsdn lql} amngln qlngln* qln{l {myj} {yfsms jlne}qln5 L. nmq qwdnm

O. Nmqqdng qwdnm

I. `dshnmq qwdnm

A. `dshdng qwdnm

imnlng elydng tlng jlngs}ng ad{dnqlj smolyl smamyhlnl 0. ................... laljlh bfc{fnmn imnlng elydng alyd sme}cjlh smylq5 L. Tlyn

O. _qylna

I. _dngjm Tlyn

A. @fjama tlyn

7. .................laljlh dsqdjlh tlng adg}nlbln }nq}b slq} bfc{fnmn dnadpda} alyd imnl ng elydng tlng ad{dnqlj lql} adlntlc5 L. Tlyn

O. _qylna

I. _dngjm Tlyn

A. @fjama tlyn

8. Imnlng

tlng qmyi}lq elydng alyd a}l l } jmidh sdngjm ql tlyn lql} cfnf`djlcmnq amng hlntl slq} bljd f{mylsd {mcdnqljln tlng adsmi}q nmqqdng qwdnm lql}...................5 L. Tlyn

O. _qylna

I. _dngjm Tlyn

A. @fjama tlyn

4. Olijma nmqqdng qwdnm laljlh tlyn tlng qmyadyd alyd gli}ngln a}l lql} jmidh ........... amngln smbljd (lql} jmidh$ f{mylsd {mcdnqljln5 L. nmq qwdnm

I. `dshnmq qwdnm

O. Nmqqdng qwdnm

A. `dshdng qwdnm

<;. Imnlng elydng lntlc laljlh imnlng elydng tlng adi}lq amngln olyl adlntlc (lql} adsdjlngbln$ tlng ad{yfsms amngln cmneljdn qdgl lql} jmidh imnlng smamcdbdln y}{l«« smhdnggl imnlng‛imnlng qmysmi}q sljdng .............. slq} slcl jldn aljlc `fyclsd adlgfnlj5 L. smlylh

I. smelely

O. cmntdjlng

A. cmcfqfng

<<. [dnqljln laljlh {yfsms cmcdjdn s}lq} bfc{fnmn sdngjm tlyn* `fjama tlyn* lql} imnlng elydng aljlc lylh {}qlyln s{dylj* ndjldntl cmntlqlbln ............. {my slq}ln {lnelng tlng adsmi}q e}cjlh {dnqljln* adntlqlbln aljlc slq}ln q&c ({}qlyln {my cmqmy$ lql} q&D ({}qlyln {my dnod$ L. E}cjlh {dnqljln

I. e}cjlh {}qlyln

O. e}cjlh {djdnln

A. e}cjlh sqylna

<9. Lylh {dnqljln laljlh edbl imnlng lql} qljd adjmqlbbln pmyqdolj* aln .................... lql} hmjdoms tlng adimnq}b fjmh `djlcmnq* tlyn* lql} sqylna cmntmyfng cmc}qlyd s}ci}ntl amngln lylh tlng slcl cmcimnq}b h}y}{ _ lql} U. L. {}qlyln cmjdnqlng

I. {}qlyln smlylh

O. {}qlyln cmclnelng

A. {}qlyln s{dylj

I. Qdngblq {dnqljln

O. E}cjlh {dnqljln

A. Lylh {dnqljln


74

ln


9;;7

lql} elydng dnslng slnglq c}alh qmyimjdq sllq adjlb}bln qlhl{ln hl}jdng lbdilq <1. Gdjjnmq lql} elydng qljd yds lqls qdalb cmngg}nlbln .............. tlng imyimal. L. Bmb}lqln {dnqljln

I. Qdngblq {dnqljln

O. E}cjlh {dnqljln

A. Lylh {dnqljln

<=. E}gl qljd bmy}q ({}ysm jdnm$ {lal {}ysm smdnm* omnamy}ng cmc}qly sllq adjlb}bln qlhl{ln {}ysdng* smjldn dq} qljd hly}s jdodn* blb} aln qmnq}ntl cmcmyj}bln ........tlng qdnggd nlc}n qljd qmql{ b}lq. L. Bmb}lqln {dnqljln

I. Qdngblq {dnqljln

O. E}cjlh {dnqljln

A. Lylh {dnqljln

Q]GL_ (1 (1$$ Lclqdjlh sm}qls qljd lql} imnlng* bmc}adln olydjlh nlcl ilhlnntl* glcilybln bfnsqy}bsdntl* }b}yjlh {lnelng sm}qls tlyn* sqylna aln smylq tlng adi}q}hbln }nq}b cmci}lq qljd sm{lnelng dq}. Q}jdsblnjlh hlsdj {mnglclqln sl}alyl aljlc smi}lh {l{my bmodj tlng dnqdntl lnal qlh} imyl{l {mysmn {mng}ylngln {lnelng alyd smylq cmnelad tlyn* alyd tlyn cmnelad sqylna.* alyd sqlyna cmnelad sm}qls qljd aln smilgldntl smilgldntl sms}ld sms}ld bmclc{}ln lnal.


8;


9;;7


ILI PD NFCFY ALN ]B]YLN«««« 0.<. _ds dsqmc qmc [mnf c fyln Imnl ng Ymg dfnl j. _mimj}c

adjlbslnlbln

Gmly

Ofngymss

tlng

ad{ylblysld

fjmh

Dnqmynlqdfnlj

_qlnalyadulqdfn Fyglndulqdfn (D_F$* sdsqmc {mnfcfyln imnlng qmbsqdj tlng imyjlb} laljlh sdsqmc {mnfcfyln ymgdfnlj* adclnl clsdng‛clsdng {mnfcfyln laljlh imyimal. _milgld ofnqfh imydb}q dnd laljlh stsqmc {mnfcfyln alyd imimyl{l nmglyl* ilhbln lal tlng clsdh cmngg}nlblnntl* Nfc}yl* <47=$5

<. Dnqmynlqdfnlj qdqym dn amndmy stsqmc (imnlng‛imnlng tlng adi}lq alyd smylq ofqqfn aln smylq i}lqln tlng imyimnq}b ofnqdn}f}s `djlcmnq$* amngln stcifj Qa5 Adclnl < amn lql} Qa < 3 < gylc & 4.;;; cmqmy. 9. _dsqmc {mnfcfyln imnlng clndjl ad Em{lng* amngln stcifj C (cfncm$5 C 3 ?9*7= gylc & <*= cmqmy lql} 9*18 gylc & cmqmy ?. _dsqmc {mnfcfyln ad Dnggyds }nq}b smylq tlng qmyi}lq alyd jdnmn* ylcdm* hmc{ aln e}qm* aln e}qm* amngln stcifj NmJ««« NmJ««3 ?;; tas & jis lql} 971*? cmqmy & 1=?*0 gylc. 1. _dsqmc {mnfcfyln ad Dnggyds }nq}b smylq tlng qmyi}lq ofqqfn aln smylq i}lqln aljlc imnq}b sql{jm `dimy* amngln stcifj NmO.

cmy}{lbln stsqmc qdalb

jlngs}ng* slq}ln {lnelngntl laljlh 81; tlya (slq} hlnb$* slq}ln imylqntl laljlh < Mngjdsh {f}na (ji$. _milgld ofnqfh NmO9; laljlh cmntlqlbln sdngjm tlyn 9; x 81; 3 <0.8;; tas&ji.«« NmO««3 81; tas & jis lql} 708*< cmqmy & 1=?*0 gylc2 qmx 3 =4;*=&NmO =. _dsqmc {mnfcfyln cmqydb (Cmqydo n}cimy$ }nq}b smc}l imnlng elydng amngln stcifj Nc. Tlng e}gl cmy}{lbln stsqmc qdalb jlngs}ng* cmntlqlbln {lnelng s}lq} sdngjm tlyn aljlc cmqmy {my imylq slq} bdjfgylc.««« Nc««3««< bdjfcmqmy & bg lql} <*;;; cmqmy & <.;;; gylc2««qmx 3 <.;;;& Nc 0. Y}nnlgm (tas&ji lql} c&bg$ laljlh stsqmc {mnfcfyln }nq}b {yfa}b lbhdy smylq tlng qmyi}lq alyd sdslj aln clndjl aln blalng‛blalng }nq}b smylq‛smylq jldnntl tlng cmcdjdbd qdngblq {dnqljln bmyls (hlya$.«« _dsqmc dnd clsdh ilntlb adg}nlbln ¤ _mbfjlh Qdnggd [mydblnln «‛ «Qmbnfjfgd [mnlngbl{ln Dbln

8<


9;;7


smjldn cmqydb aln Mngjdsh of}nq. ]c}cntl adntlqlbln aljlc cmqmy {my slq} bdjfgylc (c&bg$ lql} tlyas {my slq} {f}na (tas&ji$.«« Y}nnlgm aljlc c&bg laljlh imyilnadng qmyiljdb amngln Yqmx.

Y}nnlgm cmnglo} {lal {yfa}b lbhdy.««

Y}c}sntl laljlh 5

qmx 3

<.;;;.;;; c & bg

lql} qmx 3

140 ;== tas & ji

Amngln stsqmc {mnfcfyln tlng slnglq imylglc dnd slnglq cmnt}jdqbln qmy}qlcl aljlc a}ndl {myalglngln. ]c}cntl lbln cmcimydbln bmylg}ln {lal {lyl bfns}cmn* l{lblh }b}yln tlng adcdnql laljlh sms}ld amngln tlng adbmhmnalbd.

]nq}b dq} ilaln a}ndl sm{myqd D_F cmnglalbln bfngyms }nq}b

cmntmylglcbln stsqmc {mnfcfyln* tldq} amngln cmngg}nlbln stsqmc {mnfcfyln tlng imyjlb} smolyl dnqmynlsdfnlj.««

0.9. _ds dsqmc qmc [mnf c fyln Imnl ng Dnqmy Dnqmynl nl sdfnl j. _dsqmc {mnfcfyln dnqmynlsdfnlj }nq}b tlyn aln imnlng elydng adntlqlbln amngln slq}ln alsly qmx tlng cmn}ne}bbln imylq aljlc gylc {my <.;;; cmqmy.«« _dsqmc dnd adntlqlbln amngln Y qmx. tlng adntlqlbln aljlc jdnmly amnsdqt* lql} imylq clqmydlj qmbsqdj aljlc slq}ln {lnelng qmyqmnq}.

_mclbdn qdnggd ndjld qmx* clbl

imylqntl smclbdn imsly. Njld n}cmydb {lal tlyn addb}qd amngln dsqdjlh qmx* sm{myqd«««« Y ?1= qmx. qmx««

3««««imylq (g$ }nq}b sdngjm tlyn {my <.;;; cmqmy

Y qmx«« 3««««Imylq (g$ }nq}b {yfa}b lbhdy {my <.;;; cmqmy. _dsqmc {mnfcfyln ymgdfnlj hly}s adbfnpmysdbln bm stsqmc dnqmynlsdfnlj sm{myqd ofnqfh imydb}q5 qmx 3 ; *<<< x Qa 3

<.;;; Nc

3

=4;*= NmO

Y qmx 3 ;*<<<< x Qa 3 9*18= x C 3 Ofnqfh jldn 5

< gylc

3

3

<.;;; cmqmy =41 NmO

3

<*08= NmJ

3

140*;== Tas & ji

<.;;;

3

Nc

9<; amn

3

9<; x ;*<<< 3 9? qmx

49 qmx

3

Qa 81; amn««(9<; x 1$

<<= qmx

3

Qa <;=; amn««(9<; x =$

==9 qmx

3

Qa =;1; amn««(9<; x 91$

«««

<.;;;.;;; c & bg

3

140*;== tas & ji


89


;;7

Fj h5 _}{ly d Lyadael Bfnpmysd 5 Ntjfn (9? qmx$««

3

9?

Qa 3

;*<

[fjtmqhtj nm (11 qmx ««« Qa 3

11 ;*<<

Glcily 0. <

x ( Nfcf tlyn$ ∱

fcfy tly 3

Qa x ;*<<

x ( Nfc y tlyn$ ∱ Nfcfy tlyn 3

9? Qa x ;*<< 11

Ofnqfh c nghdq}ng Y q x (Bj}sq* <44 $

A jlc {mng }nlln {ylbqds {myhdq}ngln‛{myhdq}ngln lql} bfnpmy d ad lqls lglb cm t}jdqbln* s}lq} im lng elydn

nq}b cmn lqlsd hlj mysmi}q cmn}y}q @L

(<479$ ndjld Y qmx

qdalb hlntl qmyglnq}ng {lal clqmydljntl ql{d e gl {lal

bfnsqy}bsdntl (qwdsqdng* `fjadng* olijdng* yldadng$ a n fjmh blymnlntl qd lb al{lq adbfnpmysdbln smoly qm{lq bm dsqmc tln adalslybln {lal sdngjm tlyn (s {myqd Qa* Nc aln NmO$. Edbl y}nlgm (cbg$ lql} ji$ qdalb adbmqlh}d hly}s cmngg}nlbln {mybdylln blsly alyd ndjld Y qm tlng al{lq ad{myfj h amngln cmnlcil bln <;qmyhlal{ }b}yln {y a}b sdngjm tlyn aljl

qmx adbljdbln e}cjlh sdngjm tlyn aljlc

{yfa}b l hdy imnln elydng. O nqfh dnd s nglq sms}ld adg}nlbl ad Dnafnmsdl smili Dnafnmsdl clsdh cm gg}nlbln dsqmc {mn cfyln am dmy (9<;a xx$. Olqljfg}m f` @dsdhdng gm y amsdgn laljlh5 9<; amndmy x 0 x ? 3 9? qmx x x ? 3 " <; - x 1<1 3

1<1 qmx ««« < qmx Y 1== qmx

A n imydb}q d d laljlh o nqh cmngbfnpmysd al d qmx sdsqm

bm amndmy sssqmc5

1== qmx«««5 <*< 3 1<1 qmx 1<1««««5 ««9? 3 <8 Hlsdjntl laljlh 9< a<8 ¤ _mbfjlh Qdnggd mydblnln«‛ « Qmbnfjfgd [mn ngbl{ln Dbl

8?


9;;7

Fjmh5 _}{lyad Lyadael Qlimj 0. <

H}i}ngln lnqlyl imyilgld sdsqmc {mnfcfyln amngln qmx. (Bj}sq* <44?$

Qa

Qmx

Qa

Qmx

Qa

Qmx

Qa

Qmx

7; 4; <;; <<;

7*0 8*1 <<*; <9*;

9;; 9<; 9=; ?;;

99 9? 98 ?1

19; =;; 0?; 79;

10 =0 7; 8;

<;8; <<;; <<1; <98;

<9; <99 <90
<9=

<1*;

?0;

1;

81;

49

<08;

<81

<=;

<7*;

?8;

19

<;;;

<<9

??0;

?08

<8;

9;*;

1;;

11

<;=;

<<=

=;1;

==9

Nc

qmx

qmx

Nc

qmx

Nc

Qmx

Nc

9;; <0;

= 0*?

8= 7;

<9 <1

?0 ?1

98 ?;

<= <1

08 79

<9;

8*?

0;

<7

?;

?1

<;

<;;

<;;

<;

=;

9;

9;

=;

8

<9=

4;

<<

1?

9?

<8

=0

NmO

Qmx

NmO

qmx

NmO

qmx

NmO

qmx

<9; <;;

= 0

0; =;

<; <9

?; 90

9; 9?

<9 <;

=; 0;

4;

0*=

18

<9*=

91

9=

8

79

7;

8*1

1;

<=

9;

?;

0

<;;

c&bg

Qmx (Yqmx$

c&bg

Qmx (Yqmx$

c&bg

Qmx (Yqmx$

c&bg

Qmx (Yqmx$

7= <;;

9.=;; 9.;;;

1;; =;;

0;; =;;

<.7;; 9.;;;

<1; <9=

7.;;; 8.;;;

7.;;;

<1?

<.=;;

07;

1;;

9.=;;

<;;

<;.;;;

=.;;;

9;;

<.;;;

<.;;;

?=;

9.8;;

8;

<9.;;;

1.;;;

9=;

4;;

<.<;;

?;;

?.1;;

7;

<1.;;;

?.=;;

98=

8;;

<.9=;

9=;

1.;;;

0;

<7.;;;

?.;;;

?1;

7;;

<.1;;

9;;

=.;;;

==

<8.;;;

0.?. Y f { m Yf{m lql} qljd laljlh smc}l ilhln ljlq {mnlngbl{ dbln tlng qdalb adg}nlbln }nq}b cmcimnq}b smjmcily wmiidng. Yf{m cmcdjdbd }b}yln tlng el}h jmidh imsly alyd imnlng elydng (Giy. 8<.< aln 8<.9 s}alh qmycls}b yf{m$. Fjmh blymnlntl jmidh ilntlb imy`}ngsd smilgld `ylcm adclnl wmiidng ad{lslngbln* lql} }nq}b bm{myj}ln jldn* ildb tlng imyh}i}ngln jlngs}ng amngln f{mylsd {mnlngbl{ln dbln lql} qdalb* sm{myqd qljd qlcilq* qljd bmymb aln jldn‛jldn.««


81


;;7

Fj h5 _}{ly d Lyadael

Imyimal amn ln imnln elydng qljd smjldn lal tlng qmyi}lq alyd smylq ljlcd* qljd al{lq e}gl qmyi}lq alyd cm lj sm{myqd ljd ilel tl g adbmnlj mngln wdym. _m{myqd qmjlh adadsb}sdbln { al ili smimj}cntl ilhwl {yfsms {mci}lqln yf{m lal tlng bh}s}s qmyi}lq alyd slq} emnd

ilhln*

al tlng

my}{lbln gli}ngln imimyl{l

emnds ilh n tlng ads i}q bfc{ n* wdym am gln qljd tlng qmyi}lq alyd smylq ljlcd lql} smylq sdn mqds. _dsqm

{mnfcfyln yf{m adntlqlbln amngln adlcmqmy a n imylq*

blymnl y {m cmy}{ bln {yfa b lbhdy t ng cmy}{ bln gli} gln sme}cjlh smyql tlng qmyjlj} imsly }nq}b adntlq bln aljlc Yqmx.«««

Glcily 0.

Ofnqfh q jd aln imnlng elydng* (<$ qljd [PL adlc qmy 8 cc } q}b cldn jdn {lal jfng jdnm2 (9$ qljd adlcmqmy 0 cc }n}b ylnoh jdnm jfng jdnm2 (?$ imnlng [L of q. `djlcmnq 9<; a42 (1$ wmiidng [M cfnf `djl mnq ?8; a 42 (=$ wmiid g [L ofnq. `djlcmnq 9<; a42 (0$ imnlng [L ofnq. `djmcmnq (hdqlc$ qlyyma <; a <0.

Bmclsln ofdj qljd tlng ad{d qlj««

Bmclsln ofdj qljjd tlng adlntlc

Glcily 0. ? Ofnqfh bmclsln ln sqy}bq}y yf{m* aln bf {fn


8=


9;;7


[yfa}b lbhdy yf{m tlng idlslntl aljlc imnq}b bmclsln ofdj.«« Clsdng‛clsdng ofdj cmcdjdbd {lnelng 9;; cmqmy. Clsdng‛clsdng qljd cmcdjdbd blylbqmydsqdb tlng imyimal qmyglnq}ng alyd ilhln aln adlcmqmyntl. _mjldn dq} qljd‛qljd dnd adimalbln e}gl imyalslybln qdngblq {dnqljln Qdngblq {dnqljln adntlqlbln amngln _ (sf`q$* C (cmad}c$ aln H (hdgh$. smilgld imydb}q5

Ofnqfh {mn}jdsln }nq}b sdsqmc {mnfcfyln qljd laljlh

[[ ∍ <8* H* U

tlng lyqdntl laljlh ilhln qljd {fjt{yf{tjmnm

imyadlcmqmy <8 cc* qdngblq {dnqljln hdgh aln lylh {dnqljln U. _{msd`dblsd imyilgld adlcmqmy qljd aln alyd imyilgld smylq* ildb smylq ljlcd lql} i}lqln adsledbln clsdng‛clsdng smolyl imyq}y}q‛q}y}q {lal Qlimj 0.9* 0.? aln 0.1.«« Qlimj 0. 9

_{msd`dblsd Clndjl Yf{m* ? sqylna* {jldn lql} Hfwsmy jlda««

Bmjdjdng yf{m

Adlcmqmy (l{{yfx$

Jmngqh {my ofdj

Wmdghq {my ofdj

Iymlbdng jfla (cdn$

Pfj}cm {my ofdj

Dn.

Dn.

`mmq

Jis

Jis

O`q (l{{yfx$

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9=;

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0.1. Bfc {f nmn Iy Iyl no h Jdnm Jdnm . Bfc{fnmn {lnodng {l l jfng jdnm cmcdjdbd s}s}nln tlng bhls imyilgld lsmsfyds ad{lslngbl amngln q} e}ln }nq}b cmndngbl bln m`mbqd dqls {lnodng sm{myqd* {lnodng al{lq imylt}n amngln imils aln qmql{ sqlidj* wdym jml my hly}s o b}{ b}lq cmnlhln imiln hl dj qlngbl{ n* cmng} lngd m`mb gmsmbln l qly bfc{ nmn jfng jdnm jldnn l*««glcily 00 cmnlc{djbln sljl slq} qd{m fc{fnmn iylnoh jdnm.««««

Glcily 0. 0

Bfc{fnmn iylnoh jdnm {lal jfng jdnm

Glcily 80 cmnlc{djbln lsmsfyds

tlng

adg}nlbln

mimyl{l }nq}b

cmci lq ylngbldln wdym j lamy (<$ {lnodn * (9$ blns mbd m{ydng* (?$ jfob qd{ lql} sdjpmy j ob* (1$ of}ysm* (=$ Lycfy s{ydng. Blnsmbd

s{ydng

laljlh

{mjdna ng wdym jmlamy tlng ad{lslng Gl ily 0. 7««

Lsmsfyds wdym jmlamy

{lal««««{lal«««« s{jd m««««{lal««««{lnodng*


41


;;7


@}ngsdntl laljlh cmng ylngd gmsmbln {lnodn {lal wdy jmlamy al {lnodng al{lq c ngglnq}ng imils* smhdnggl am gln laln l {mngly}h ly}s tl g slnglq jmclh{}n al{lq c ci}lq {l odng imyg tlng aln cmcimydbln m`mb gmylb {lal }c{ln* amngln hlyl{ln dbln {mclngsl cmngglng {ntl dbln hda}{ tlng c}alh adqlngbl{. Lsmsfyds dnd qmyi} q alyd ile

s{dylj* (Giy. 0.<0.9$ Qlimj 0.4 aln 0.<;

imyq}y}q‛ }y}q cmntledbln imyilgld }b}yl blnumbd s ydng aln l cfy s{ydng.«« Blnumbd (Glcily 0.<7.<$ aln lycfy s ydng (Glcily 0.<7.9$ imnq}bn l jmnq}y aln al{lq adqmb}b. Ofysm lal tlng qmyi}lq alyd qdclh (=;; i lh 01 gy c$* lj}cdnd}c (=;; i}lh9=; gylc$ aln qmyidlq alyd sqldnjmss (=;; i}lh  80 ‟ 80 ‟ ?=; gylc$.

Glcily 0. 8 Qlimj 0. 4

]b}yln aln adlcmqmy bl umbd s{ydng* (@]ED JFOB* <444$

]b}yln

Ad cmqmy (cc$

E}cjlh my {lb

<.; <.9 <.1 <.0 <.8 9.;

<;;; }lh

0 = 1 ? 9 < Qlimj 0. <;

Blnum aln Lyc y s{ydng

Imylq {my {lob (gyl $ Ilel Ilel sqldnjmss 91; ?; 97; 0; 94; 4; 1;; ?8; 10; 0; =<; =;;

]b}yln aln adlcmqmy lycfy s{ydng* (@]ED JFOB* <444$

]b}yln

Adlcmqmy (cc$

= 1 ? 9 9*9

<.9 <.1 <.8 9.; 9.9

E}cjlh {my {lb

=;;

Imylq««« {my {lb (gylc$ 0;; == 8;; 7;; 4;;

]b}yln

Adlcmqmy (cc$

E}cjlh {my {lb

9.0 9.8 ?.; ?.9 ?.=

9.0 9.8 ?.; ?.9 ?.=

1;;


Imylq«« {my {lb (gylc$ 7;; 8=; 0;; 8;;

4=


;;7


Qd{m {lnodng jldnntl lal tlng cmn g}nlbln {mc mylq (imlas$ (Glcily 0.4.<$

ln {d{l

{mjdna}ng ({yfqmoq {d{m$ ( lcily 0.4.9$.«« {d{l {mjdna}ng qmyad d alyd ? qd l tldq} _( cljj$* C (cm d}c$* aln (jlygm$. Qlimj 0. <<««_{msd`d lsd imlas ]b}yln _ Glcily 0. 4 Qd{m jldn smsfyds {lnodng jfng jdnm @]ED$

Qlimj 0. <9

J

E} ljh {my {l (i}lh$ =;;

Imylq {my {lb (gylc$ <<;
Jfob qd{ tlng adsmi}q am gln Cdnd jfo (@]EDYFN$

Imnq}b

Nf. _ * J J

Qlimj 0.
C

_{msd`db sd J (cc$ <.4 x 9.7 x 98 9.? x ?.< x 9= 9.? x ?.< x 98 9.8 x ?.0 x 98

_{msd`dblsd ««(cc$ ;. X <.0 X 0 <. X 9.9 X 0 <. X 9.0 X 7 <. X ?.1 X 7

E}cjlh {my {lb«« =;; (i lh$

Imylq {my {lb (gylc$ =; 0; 7; 7=

Jfob qd{ tlng adsmi}q amngln @}ed jfob (@]EDYFN$

Imnq}b

Nf.

_{msd`dblsd ( c$

E}cjlh {my {lb««

Imylq {my {lb (gylc$

7 0 = 1 ? 9 <

<.< x 9.9 x <; <.?= x 9.7 x <; <.= x ?.; x <; <.7 x ?.1 x <; <.8 x ?.= x <; 9.< x 1.; x <; 9.? x 1.0 x <=

=;; (i}lh$

97; ?0; ?8; 1;; ==; 0?0 <
cc

?.1 x 0.8 x <7

=;;

<18;

Jfob qd{ (Gl ily 0.4.?$ }c}ntl qmyadyd alyd a}l qd{m* adimalbl

amngln

imnq}b j ilng aljlcntl tldq} tlng {myqlcl imyimnq}b fplj aln tl g bma}l imyimnq}

lngbl a jl{ln$.

Qlimj 0.<9 ‟ 0.<= cmntledbln imyilgld imnq}b aln

}b}yln jf b qd{.


40


;;7

Fj h5 _}{ly d Lyadael Qlimj 0. <1

Jfob qd tlng adsmi} amngln _djp y jfob (@]EDY N$

Imnq}b

Nf.

_{msd`dblsd««««««««J (c $

= @ M A O I L C J JJ

<.?0 X 9.7 X <; <.8 x ?.0 x <7 9.; x 1.; x <7 9.9 x 1.1 x <7 9.9= x =.< x <7 9.4 x =.8 x <7 ?.? x 0.0 x <7 ?.7 x 7.1 x 9; 1.; x 7.4 x 9; 1.= x 8.4 x 9<

_‛J

1.; x 8.8 x 9<

_‛JJ

=.; x <; x 9<

E}cjlh {my {lb (i}lh$

Imylq {my {lb (g lc$

=;;

<99 ?;; ?<= ?== =;; ==; 0;; 19= 1;; 1=; ==;

9=;

0=;

H j qmy{mnqd g adsdnd l ljlh ilgldclnl cm ggli}ngb n imyilgld lsmsfyds }nq}b bfc{fnmn {lnodng tlng qmjlh ad emjlsbln ad lqls* {mnggli}ngln lsms yds imyalslybln jfobqd{* Qlimj

Q imj 94 cmntledbln

; {mnggl }ngln im alslybln

lycfy s{ydng aln bl smbd s{ydn aln qlimj ?9 {mnggli}ngln imyalslybln

fnfjdnm.««

Qmnq}ntl {mnggli} gln dnd hl tl imyjlb} }nq}b lsmsfyds tlng q yal{lq aljlc qlimj‛ qlimj adsdnd* nlc}

amcdbdln }nq}b i yilgld {y a}b jldn cmcdjdbd

gli}ngln tlng imy mal.

Lb n qmql{d

fcidnlsd

famj {mn gli}ngln dnd al{lq adeladbln

{lqfbln tlng ildb } q}b cmylbdq bfc{fnmn wdym jmlamy. Qlimj 0. <=

Bfcid lsd imyilgld lsmsfyds bfc fnmn wdym jmlamy jfng jdn imyalslybln jfob qd{

Jfob qd{

N .

Qd{ Nf. I O

@}ed jfob

?.; < 9 ? 1 = 0 7

9 ∙? 9∙? 1 = 0 7

/9 /9 / 97. / 98 / 94 . ?;

Nf.=

Nf. =

/97~/?;

_djpmy jfob

Wdym jmlamy ? 4 ?x? Wdym y {m adlcmqmy ?.9 cc / 97. / 90 / 90 / 97 / 97 / 98 / 98 / 94 / 94 ‛ / ?; / ?< / ?; / ?9 / ?9 / ?1 / ?1 /?; ‛«/?<

1x? / 97. / 90 / 98 / 94 / ?;«‛ / ?< / ?9 / ?1

/?9


/?9

47


9;;7

Fjmh5 _}{lyad Lyadael Qlimj 0. <0

_{ydng

Lycfy

Blnsmbd

Qlimj 0. <7

Bfcidnlsd imyilgld lsmsfyds bfc{fnmn wdym jmlamy jfng jdnm imyalslybln lycfy aln blnsmbd s{ydng Wdym jmlamy

Nf. < ( ∍ 9.9$ 9 ? 1 = < 9 ? 1 =

Qlimj ?9

1; 0; 8; <;; <9; <=; ?; 1; =;

?x?

‛ ‛

‛ / 90«‛ / 97 / 98«‛ / 94 / ?;«‛ / ?<

‛ /««97 / 98«‛«/ ?;

/ 9= / 90«‛ / 97 / 98«‛ / ?;

/ ?9 / 90«‛ / 97 / 98 / 94 / ?;«‛ / ?<

/ 9= / 90«‛ / 97 / 94«‛ / ?;

∍

(cc$ 9.1 9.8 ?.< ?.0 ?.4 1.1 9.? 9.7 9.4

‛

1x? / 98 / 94 / ?;«‛ / ?< / ?9 / ?1 / 98 / 94 / ?;«‛ / ?< / ?9

/ ?9 / ?1 /««97 / 98 / 94«‛«/ ?< / ?9 / ?1

‛

_djpmy jfob O I L C J JJ O I I

Qd{ O I L C C J O I I

Lycfy s{ydng 9.0 ?.; ?.9 ?.8 1.9 1.8 9.0 ?.; ?.9

Pdntj q}im 9.= ?.; ?.= ?.8 1.= =.; 9.= ?.; ?.=

[yfqmoq {d{m J J ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙

J J J

Bfcidnlsd imyilgld lsmsfyds lsmsfyds bfc{fnmn bfc{fnmn wdym jmlamy jfng jdnm imyalslybln imyalslybln Ntjfn _qylna jdnm (@]EDYFN* <444$. ]b}yln

CFNF JDNM

?"4

Bfcidnlsd imyilgld lsmsfyds bfc{fnmn wdym jmlamy jfng jdnm imyalslybln Ntjfn _qylna jdnm (@]EDYFN* <444$. ]b}yln

NTJFN _QYLNA JDNM

Nf. 8; <;; <9;
∍

(cc$

<.= <.0= <.8 <.4 9.;9 9.< 9.9= 9.?= 9.1= 9.0< 9.70 9.8= ?.; ?.< ?.9=

_djpmy jfob

Qd{

@ M

Nf. ? 9 ‟ ?

A O I L

Lycfy s{ydng

Nf.9 9.9

O I L

9.0

C

<.0 <.4 9.; 9.9

9.8

[yfqmoq {d{m _

C

9.= 9.8

J

?.;

?.; ?.9

C

Pdntj q}im

?.=

?.9

∙

?.=


48


;;7

Fj h5 _}{ly d Lyadael Qlimj 0. <8

Bfcidnlsd imyilgld ls sfyds bfc{fnmn wdym jmlamy jfng jdnm imyalslybln Iylda _mbdtlcl aln Iylda Jdnm (@]EDYFN* <444$. ]b}yln

IYLDA _MBDTLCL

IYLDA JDN

9. 9. 9. ?. ?. ?. ?. <0 x 8 <8 x 8 9; x 8 99 x 8 91 x 8

∍ (c

_djpm jfob

Qd{

Lycfy s{ydng

O

O

9.0

I L

I L

C

C

J

J

?.; ?.9 ?.= ?.8 1.;

I

I

?.;

?.;

L

L

?.9

?.9

C

C

?.=

?.=

9.? 9.= 9.7 ?.; ?.? ?.= ?.8 9.0 9.8 9.4 ?.< ?.9

[lal sdsqmc jfng jdn cmngg}n bln sdsqm

$

bfnpmn dfnlj {mn lci}ngl

sdc{}j* n c}n {lal jfng jdnm

Pdntj q}im 9.= 9.8 ?.; ?.9 ?.= ?.8

lnqly

[yfqmoq {d{m

∙

ldn jdnm

famyn ad lnl cldn jdnm qdalb

jlgd qmyi qls clsd g‛clsdng =; ‟ 0; cmqmy* { jdng smadbdq 9;; c qmy* aln {mntlci nglnntl

mngg}nlbln cldn jd m efdnq (G cily 0.< $. ]b}yln cldn jdnm

efdnq adsl edbln {lal Glcily 0.<9* aln {mngglnq}ngln iylno snl{ (Gl ily 0.<9$ {lal jfng jdnm bfn mnsdfnlj

jdnm cmngg}nlbln

mngg}nl ln sdc{}j (Glcily

0.<;$* qd{ aln }b}yln snl{ adsledbln {l l Glcily 0.<< {mclslngln iylnoh jdnm {lal cld jdnm amng n cmngg} lbln snl{ adsledbln {lal Glci y 0.<1.

Glcily 0. <; [mntlci}ngln lnqly cldn jdnm aln iyl oh jdnm

Glcily 0. <9

Glcily 0. <<

[mntlc }ngln lnqly cldn««« jdnm {l l jfng jdn cfamyn amngln mngg}nlbl cldn jdnm efdnq (QFTF$

Ljlq {mn lci}ng cldn jdnm (QFTF$


44


;;7


Gl ily 0.
Imimyl{l qd{m snl{ aln } }ylnntl (QF F$

Glcily 0. <1

[mclslngln snl{ {lal cldn jdnm

0.=. Bfc {fnmn [ jm & Jdnm Jdnm Bfc{fnmn ljlq {mnlng l{ dbln [ jm & jdnm smolyl }c c qmyilgd cmnel`ad qdgl* tldq} efyln ({fjm$* qljd aln {lnodng.«« Efyln {lal {fjm & jdnm bfnpmnsdfnlj clsdh cmngg}n bln ilc} sm{myqd t ng clsdh

dg}nlbln ad _}jlwmsd ]qlyl. _malngbln

efyln cfamyn bdnd myi}lq al d `dimy gjlss.

Efyln dnd ildb } }yln aln bl{lsdqls

lngblqnt s}alh qmy b}y sm{myqd adsledbln lal Qlimj ?1. Qlimj 0. <4

_{msd`d lsd efyln lsd efyln {fj & jdnm tlng myi}lq alyd `dimy gjlss* F@YF (<48;$.

]nq}b dbl imy}b}yln bmodj amngln imylq lnqlyl ;*< ‟ 0 bg [l elng *= *8 *< *? *= ?*7=

Bl{lsdq s lngblq

;*<

1 bg

[lnelng 1*; 1*? 1*= 1* = =*= =* =

Bl{lsdqls lngblq

< ‟ = bg

< ‟ 0 bg

]nq}b dbl imy}b}yln smalng amngl imylq lnqly ««9*; 9*; ‟ ‟ <<*; b [l elng *= *8 *< *? *= ?*7=

Bl{lsdq s lngblq

9*; ‟ 9*; ‟ <; bg

[lnelng 1*; 1*? 1*= 1* = =*;

Bl{lsdqls lngblq 9 ‟ << bg 9*; ‟ 9*; ‟ <; bg


<;;


;;7

Fj h5 _}{ly d Lyadael ]nq}b dbl imy}b}yln imsly amngln mylq lnqlyl««<9*; <9*; ‟ ‟ 9;*; b [l elng *= *8 *< *? *=

[lnodng

Bl{lsdq s lngblq

[lnelng

Bl{lsdqls lngblq

=*; ‟ =*; ‟ 9; bg

?* =

= ‟ <0 bg

=*; ‟ =*; ‟ 8*; bg

1*;

=*; ‟ =*; ‟ <1 bg

lng adg}nlbln cmn g}nlbln {lnodng qln{l elngg} aln adimyd }c{ln

qdy}ln al d i}j} }nggls* b}jdq dbln* clql dbln qdy}ln aln ilaln {lnodng imywlynl cmngbdjl * sm{myqd q c{lb {lal Glcily 4 .

Qlimj 0. 9;

YDNGBL_ <. _dsqm (Qa* 9. qmx««

[ nodng [fjm & Jdnm

N (=$

{mnfcfy n imnlng dilgd cmnelad a}l tld } sdsqmc {mnfcfyln mgdfnlj fncm* NmJ* NmO. Nc* $ aln {mnf fyln dnqm nlsdfjln ( qmx$. 3«««« imylq (g$ }nq}b sdngjm tl n {my <.;; cmqmy

Y qmx««

3«««« Imylq (g$ }nq}b {yfa}b lbhdy {my <.;;; cmqmy

Qa <««

3«««< gylc  4.;; cmqmy.

?. Ndjld

qmx s}lq} imnlng elydng qdalb hlntl qmyglnq}ng { al clqmyd jntl ql{d

e}gl {lal bfnsqy }bsdntl (q dsqdng* `fjadng* olijdn * iyldadng$ aln fjmh lymnlntl qdalb al{lq adbfnpmysdbln molyl qm{ q bm sdsqm

tlng adalslybln { al sdngjm

tlyn sm{myqd Qa* c aln NmO$.


<;<


9;;7

1. Yf{m lql} qljd laljlh smc}l ilhln ljlq {mnlngbl{ dbln tlng qdalb adg}nlbln }nq}b cmne}yld (cmcimnq}b$ smjmcily wmiidng. =. _qymss laljlh qmglngln imiln tlng adbmnlbln {lal s}lq} clqmydlj* aln sqyldn laljlh {my}ilhln cfjmb}j (cfjmo}jly adsq}yilnom$ tlng adlbdilqbln fjmh lalntl {my}ilhln imnq}b lql} bmymqlbbln clqmydlj adlbdilqbln lbdilq lalntl sqymss tlng ad{myfjmhntl«« 0. [dnqljln qljd ilel qmyilgd aljlc qdgl olyl {mcdnqljln* tldq} fyadnlyt jlt* Jlng—s jlt aln ljqmynlqm jlt. 7. ]b}yln wdym adqmnq}bln fjmh e}cjlh sqylna aln e}cjlh blwlq {my sqylna* smyql adlcmqmyntl««

[MYQLNTLLN M__LT (=$ <.

L{lblh tlng adclbs}a amngln yf{m 6

9.

L{lblh tlng adclbs}a amngln iymlbdng sqymngqh 6

?.

L{lblh tlng adclbs}a amngln }jqdclqm sqymngqh 6

1.

L{lblh tlng adclbs}a amngln adlcmqmy qljd aln ilgldclnlblh olyl cmng}b}yntl6

=.

L{lblh g}nlntl cmngmqlh}d adlcmqmy sm}qls qljd lql} yf{m 6

0.

L{lblh tlng adclbs}a amngln wfybdng jfla aln ilgldclnlblh olyl cmnghdq}ngntl 6

7.

Cmngl{l {lal ljlq {mnlngbl{ dbln jfng jdnm cmngg}nlbln wdym jmlamy aln smbdtlcl 6

8.

L{lblh tlng adclbs}a amngln qljd bfc{fn 6

4.

Cmngl{l hly}s adi}lq qljd bfc{fn 6

<;. Emjlsbln `}ngsd clsdng‛clsdng smylq tlng qmycls}b aljlc qljd bfc{fn. <<. L{lblh Tlng adclbs}a amngln Y qmx 6 <9. L{lblh tlng adclbs}a amngln < qmx 6
<;9


9;;7

Fjmh5 _}{lyad Lyadael <8. L{lblh tlng adclbs}a amngln 9? qmx* aln ilgldclnlblh

ndjld qmysmi}q

ad{myfjmh6 <4. L{lblh tlng adclbs}a amngln 9<; {lal sdsqmc {mnfcfyln amndmy 6 9;. L{lblh tlng adclbs}a amngln Y 1== qmx aln 9<; a <9 6«« 9<. L{lblh {myimalln lnqlyl sdsqmc {mnfcfyln amndmy amngln sdsqmc {mnfcfyln dnqmynlsdfnlj (qmx stsqmc$ 6««

[DJDHLN GLNAL (=$ <. Dnqmynlqdfnlj qdqym aljlc sdsqmc amndmy (bh}s}s }nq}b imnlng‛imnlng tlng adi}lq alyd smylq ofqqfn aln smylq i}lqln tlng imyimnq}b ofnqdn}f}s `djlcmnq$* adntlqlbln amngln amngln stcifj5 L.

Cfncm

I.

Qa

O.

Nmo

A. Nc

9. < Qa imnlng tlng imyimnq}b ofnqdn}f}s `djlcmnq laljlh5 L.

I.

< g&<;;; ta

O.

< g&4;;;c

A. < g&<;;;c

?. _dsqmc {mnfcfyln imnlng clndjl ad Em{lng* amngln stcifj5 L.

Cfncm

I.

Qa

O.

Nmo

A. Nc

1. < C lql} < Cfncm laljlh5 L. C 3 9?*7= gylc & <*= cmqmy lql} 9*18 gylc & cmqmy I. C 3 ?9*7= gylc & <*= cmqmy lql} 9*18 gylc & cmqmy O. C 3 ?9*7= gylc & <*= cmqmy lql} 1*98 gylc & cmqmy A. C 3 ?9*7= gylc & <*; cmqmy lql} 9*18 gylc & <*= cmqmy«««

=. _dsqmc {mnfcfyln ad Dnggyds }nq}b smylq tlng qmyi}lq alyd jdnmn* ylcdm* hmc{ aln e}qm* amngln stcifj5 L.

Cfncm

I.

Qa

O.

NmJ

A. Nc

0. < NmJ slcl amngln5 L. ?;; tas & jis lql} 971*? cmqmy & 1=?*0 gylc I. ?;; tas & bg lql} 971*? cmqmy & 1=?*0 gylc O. ?;; tas & jis lql} 971*? gylc & 1=?*0 cmqmy A. ?;; tas & cmqmy lql} 971*? cmqmy & 1=?*0 jis

7. < qmx aljlc sdsqmc {mnfcfyln imnlng dnqmynlsdfnlj adntlqlbln amngln5 L. imylq aljlc(gylc$ }nq}b slq} sqylna {my <.;;; cmqmy I. imylq aljlc(gylc$ }nq}b slq} tlyn {my <.;;; cmqmy


<;?


9;;7

Fjmh5 _}{lyad Lyadael O. imylq aljlc(gylc$ }nq}b sdngjm tlyn {my <.;;; cmqmy A. imylq aljlc(gylc$ }nq}b imnlng {my <.;;; cmqmy

8. Y qmx aljlc sdsqmc {mnfcfyln imnlng dnqmynlsdfnlj adntlqlbln amngln5 L. Imylq (g$ }nq}b {yfa}b lbhdy {my <.;;; cmqmy I. Imylq (g$ }nq}b {yfa}b imnlng {my <.;;; cmqmy O. Imylq (g$ }nq}b {yfa}b qljd {my <.;;; cmqmy A. Imylq (g$ }nq}b {yfa}b yf{m {my <.;;; cmqmy

4. Ndjld ........ s}lq} imnlng elydng«« qdalb hlntl qmyglnq}ng {lal clqmydljntl ql{d e}gl {lal bfnsqy}bsdntl (qwdsqdng* `fjadng* olijdng* iyldadng$ aln fjmh blymnlntl qdalb al{lq adbfnpmysdbln smolyl qm{lq bm sdsqmc tlng adalslybln {lal sdngjm tlyn sm{myqd Qa* Nc aln NmO$5 L.

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