\@OM
=
Fm Khnstbtukbûn @spmýhfm l` =2351 Fhs Yrbnkbpbhs khnstbtukbhnmf`s khnt`nblhs `n `f \ïtufh Yr`fbobnmr l` fm K@. \ïtufh B L` fhs L`r`kehs y L`g`r`s Junlmo`ntmf`s W@J@W@NKBM[ F@CB[FM\BZM[ Khnstbtukbûn @spmýhfm, l` 73 l` lbkb`ogr` l` =235, kuym ñftbom ohlbjbkmkbûn s` em prhlukblh phr W`jhrom l` 73 l` s`ptb`ogr` l` 79==
HGA@\BZH[ @stulbmr fhs msp`kths gísbkhs l` fm Khnstbtukbûn @spmýhfm W`khnhk`r fhs prbnkbpbhs junlmo`ntmf`s l` fm Khnstbtukbûn Khnhk`r fhs l`r`kehs y l`g`r`s junlmo`ntmf`s junlmo`ntmf`s l` fhs `spmýhf`s
Ymrt` C`n`rmf. \`om =
=. FM KHN[\B\PKBÛN @[YMÝHFM L@ =235 \rms `f kmogbh l` râcbo`n phfïtbkh hkurrblh `n =230, s` emk` n`k`smrbm fm kr`mkbûn l` unm f`y supr`om y f`cïtbom qu` `stmgf`zkm fhs prbnkbpbhs y vmfhr`s qu` emn l` s`rvbr l` gms` mf nu`vh `stmlh l`ohkrítbkh. Khn fm mprhgmkbûn l` fm Khnstbtukbûn @spmýhfm phr fms Khrt`s `n =235, s` kuopf`n fhs hga`tbvhs mnt`rbhro`nt` o`nkbhnmlhs. Fm Khnstbtukbûn @spmýhfm l` =2351 - Ju` mprhgmlm phr fhs pf`nhs pf`nhs l`f Khncr`sh Khncr`sh y l`f [`nmlh, `n s`nlms s`sbhn`s, `f ;= ;= l` hktu gr` l` =235. - @f : l` lbkb`ogr` l` =235 ju` rmtbjbkmlm o`lbmnt` o`lbmnt` r`j`rânluo phr `f pu`gfh `spmýhf. - @f 73 l` lbkb`ogr` lbkb`ogr` l` =235, `n unm s`sbûn khnauntm l` mogms Kíomrms, ju` smnkbhnmlm y prhoufcmlm phr `f W`y. - @f 72 l` lbkb`ogr` l` =235 s` pugfbkû `n `f GH@ y `ntrû `n vbchr. @f 73 l` mchsth l` =227, `f W`y smnkbhnû unm r`jhrom l` fm Khnstbtukbûn, lmnlh unm nu`vm r`lmkkbûn mf mpmrtmlh 7 l`f mrtïkufh =;, r`j`r`nt` mf l`r`keh l` sujrmcbh l` fhs `xtrmna`rhs `n fms `f`kkbhn`s ounbkbpmf`s qu`, m pmrtbr l` fm obsom, em pmsmlh m s`r mktbvh y pmsbvh. @stm r`jhrom ju` mprhgmlm phr fms Khrt`s C`n`rmf`s `n s`sbhn`s pf`nmrbms l`f Khncr`sh l` fhs Lbputmlhs, `f lïm 77 l` aufbh l` =227, y l`f [`nmlh, `f lïm ;9 l` aufbh l` =227. Fm ñftbom ohlbjbkmkbûn em sblh trms fm W`jhrom l`f mrtïkufh =;0 l` fm Khnstbtukbûn @spmýhfm, l` 73 l` s`ptb`ogr` l` 79==, qu` ju` pugfbkmlm `n `f GH@ 7;;/79==, l` 73 l` s`ptb`ogr` l` 79==. Bnkhrphrm fm ml`kumkbûn l` thlms fms Mlobnbstrmkbhn`s Yñgfbkms mf prbnkbpbh l` `stmgbfblml pr`supu`stmrbm. @f mrt. =;0 l` fm Khnstbtukbûn @spmýhfm qu`lm r`lmktmlh khoh sbcu`1 =. \hlms fms Mlobnbstrmkbhn`s Yñgfbkms ml`kumrín sus mktumkbhn`s mf prbnkbpbh l` `stmgbfblml pr`supu`stmrbm. 7. @f @stmlh y fms Khounblml`s Mutûnhoms nh phlrín bnkurrbr `n un lâk bt `strukturmf qu` sup`r` fhs oírc`n`s `stmgf`kblhs, `n su kmsh, phr fm Pnbûn @urhp`m pmrm sus @stmlhs Ob`ogrhs. Pnm f`y hrcínbkm amrí `f lâkbt `strukturmf oíxboh p`robtblh mf @stmlh y m fms Khou nblml`s Mutûnhoms, `n r`fmkbûn khn su prhlukth bnt`rbhr gruth. Fms @ntblml`s Fhkmf`s l`g`rín pr`s`ntmr `qubfbgrbh pr`supu`stmrbh. ;. @f @stmlh y fms Khounblml`s Mutûnhoms emgrín l` `stmr muthrbzmlhs phr f`y pmrm `obtbr l`ulm pñgfbkm h khntrm`r krâlbth. Fhs krâlbths pmrm smtbsjmk`r fhs bnt`r`s`s y `f kmpbtmf l` fm l`ulm pñgfbkm l` fms Mlobnbstrmkbhn`s s` `nt`nl`rín sb`opr` bnkfublhs `n `f `stmlh l` cmsths l` sus pr`supu`sths y su pmch chzmrí l` prbhrblml mgshfutm. @sths krâlbths nh phlrín s`r hga`th l` `nob`nlm h ohlbkmkbûn, ob`ntrms s` maust`n m fms khnlbkbhn`s l` fm f`y l` `obsbûn.
=7
`lbthrbmf } k`p
Fm Khnstbtukbûn @spmýhfm l` =235
@f vhfuo`n l` l`ulm pñgfbkm l`f khnaunth l` fms Mlobnbstrmkbhn`s Yñgfbkms `n r`fmkbûn khn `f prhlukth bnt`rbhr gruth l`f @stmlh nh phlrí sup`rmr `f vmfhr l` r`j`r`nkbm `stmgf`kblh `n `f \rmtmlh l` Junkbhnmob`nth l` fm Pnbûn @urhp`m. <. Fhs fïobt`s l` lâkbt `strukturmf y l` vhfuo`n l` l`ulm pñgfbkm shfh phlrín sup`rmrs` `n kmsh l` kmtístrhj`s nmturmf`s, r`k`sbûn `khnûobkm h sbtumkbhn`s l` `o`rc`nkbm `xtrmhrlbnmrbm qu` `skmp`n mf khntrhf l`f @stmlh y p`raulbqu`n khnsbl`rmgf`o`nt` fm sbtumkbûn nmnkb`rm h fm shst`nbgbfblml `khnûobkm h shkbmf l`f @stmlh, mpr`kbmlms phr fm omyhrïm mgshfutm l` fhs ob`ogrhs l`f Khncr`sh l` fhs Lbputmlhs. 0. Pnm f`y hrcínbkm l`smrrhffmrí fhs prbnkbpbhs m qu` s` r``r` `st` mrtïkufh, msï khoh fm pmrtbkbpmkbûn, `n fhs prhk`lbob`nths r`sp`ktbvhs, l` fhs ûrcmnhs l` khhrlbnmkbûn bnstbtukbhnmf `ntr` fms Mlobnbstrmkbhn`s Yñgfbkms `n omt`rbm l` phfïtbkm skmf y nmnkb`rm. @n thlh kmsh, r`cufmrí1 m) Fm lbstrbgukbûn l` fhs fïobt`s l` lâkbt y l` l`ulm `ntr` fms lbstbntms Mlobnbstrmkbhn`s Yñgfbkms, fhs supu`sths `xk`pkbhnmf`s l` sup`rmkbûn l` fhs obsohs y fm jhrom y pfmzh l` khrr`kkbûn l` fms l`svbmkbhn`s qu` shgr` unh y htrh pulb`rmn prhlukbrs`. g) Fm o`thlhfhcïm y `f prhk`lbob`nth pmrm `f kífkufh l`f lâkbt `strukturmf. k) Fm r`sphnsmgbfblml l` kmlm Mlobnbstrmkbûn Yñgfbkm `n kmsh l` bnkuopfbob`nth l` fhs hga`tbvhs l` `stmgbfblml pr`supu`stmrbm.
:. Fms Khounblml`s Mutûnhoms, l` mku`rlh khn sus r`sp`ktbvhs @stmtuths y l`ntrh l` fhs fïobt`s m qu` s` r``r` `st` mrtïkufh, mlhptmrín fms lbsphsbkbhn`s qu` prhk`lmn pmrm fm mpfbkmkbûn `j`ktbvm l`f prbnkbpbh l` `stmgbfblml `n sus nhroms y l`kbsbhn`s pr`supu`stmrbms.
=.= Kmrmkt`rïstbkms c`n`rmf`s c`n`rmf`s Mt`nlb`nlh tmnth m su hrbc`n khoh m su mrtbkufmlh, s` pu`l`n s`ýmfmr fhs sbcub`nt`s kmrmkt`r`s l` fm Khnstbtukbûn @spmýhfm1 - [` trmtm l` un t`xth l` rupturm, `n fm o`lblm `n qu` suphn` `f pmsh l` un râcbo`n muthkrítbkh (l`f C`n`rmf Jrmnkh) m unm l`ohkrmkbm. - [` trmtm l` un t`xth khns`nsumlh, khns`nsumlh, r`mfbzmlh r`mfbzmlh o`lbmnt` `f prhk`sh l` n`chkbmkbûn n`chkbmkbûn y pmkth pmkth l` fms ju`rzms r`mf`s, mktumf`s y fmt`nt`s `n nu`strh pmïs lurmnt` `f gb`nbh khnstbtuy`nt`. - Khnstbtuy` `f t`xth oís `xt`nsh l` nu`strm ebsthrbm khnstbtukbhnmf smfvh `f l` =5=7. - Fm Khnstbtukbûn Khnstbtukbûn @spmýhfm @spmýhfm l` =235 `s phfbvmf`nt` phfbvmf`nt` y l`fbg`rmlmo`nt` l`fbg`rmlmo`nt` mogbcum. mogbcum. Khoh s`ýmfm fm [`nt`nkbm ==/=25= l`f \rbgunmf Khnstbtukbhnmf, khnstbtuy` `f t`xth khnstbtukbhnmf un omrkh l` khbnkbl`nkbms sujbkb`nt`o`nt` mopfbh khoh pmrm qu` l`ntrh l` âf qu`pmn hpkbhn`s phfïtbkms l` ouy lbj`r`nt` sbcnh. - L`stmkm fm lhktrbnm, qu` qu` s` trmtm l` unm Khnstbtukbûn bnkhopf`tm, phr phr sus r`p`tblms r`obsbhn`s m f`y`s hrcínbkms qu` r`cuf`n unm l`t`robnmlm omt`rbm, r`prhkeínlhs` un kmríkt`r bnmkmgmlh, m p`smr l` su `xt`nsbûn. - @f t`xth khnstbtukbhnmf khnstbtukbhnmf r`jf`am fm p`rt`n`nkbm p`rt`n`nkbm l` @spmým mf khnt`xth khnt`xth kufturmf kufturmf hkkbl`ntmf hkkbl`ntmf `urhp`h.
`lbthrbmf } k`p
=;
Ymrt` C`n`rmf. \`om =
- [` trmtm l` un t`xth `n lhnl` lhnl` s` emn r`jf`amlh bnjfu`nkbms bnjfu`nkbms l` fm Khnstbtukbûn Khnstbtukbûn mf`omnm mf`omnm y l` fm Khnstbtukbûn btmfbmnm, `sp`kbmfo`nt`.
KMWMK\@WÏ[\BKM[ \@U\H L@ WPY\PWM
\@U\H BNKHOYF@\H
\@U\H KHN[@N[PMLH
\@U\H [B\PMLH @N PN KHN\@U\H
\@U\H @U\@N[H
KPF\PWMF HKKBL@N\MF @PWHY@H
\@U\H YHFBZMF@N\@ R MOGBCPH
=.7 Yrbnkbpbhs bnspbrmlhr`s @f Yr`íogufh l` fm Khnstbtukbûn, `stmgf`k` qu` ‖Fm Nmkbûn `spmýhfm, l`s`mnlh `stmgf`k`r fm austbkbm, fm fbg`rtml y fm s`curblml y prhohv`r `f gb`n l` kumnths fm bnt`crmn, `n ush l` su shg`rmnïm, prhkfmom su vhfuntml l`1 - Cmrmntbzmr fm khnvbv`nkbm l`ohkrítbkm l`ntrh l` fm Khnstbtukbûn Khnstbtukbûn y l` fms f`y`s khnjhro` m un hrl`n `khnûobkh y shkbmf austh. - Khnshfblmr un @stmlh l` L`r`keh L`r`keh qu` ms`cur` `f bop`rbh l` fm f`y khoh `xpr`sbûn `xpr`sbûn l` fm vhfuntml phpufmr. - Yrht`c`r m thlhs thlhs fhs `spmýhf`s `spmýhf`s y pu`gfhs l` @spmým `n `f `a`rkbkbh l` l` fhs l`r`kehs l`r`kehs euomnhs, sus kufturms y trmlbkbhn`s, f`ncums ` bnstbtukbhn`s. - Yrhohv`r `f prhcr`sh l` fm kufturm y l` l` fm `khnhoïm pmrm ms`curmr m thlhs unm lbcnm kmfblml l` vblm. - @stmgf`k`r unm shkb`lml l`ohkrítbkm mvmnzmlm. - Khfmghrmr `n `f jhrtmf`kbob`nth l` unms r`fmkbhn`s r`fmkbhn`s pmkïjbkms y l` `jbkmz `jbkmz khhp`rmkbûn `ntr` thlhs fhs pu`gfhs l` fm \b`rrm‟.
=.; @strukturm M. @strukturm jhromf Fm Khnstbtukbûn @spmýhfm l` =235 s` `strukturm `n1 - Pn Yr`íogufh. - =:2 mrtïkufhs, lbstrbgublhs `n un \ïtufh Yr`fbobnmr y lb`z \ïtufhs nuo`rmlhs. nuo`rmlhs. - < Lbsphsbkbhn`s Mlbkbhnmf`s. - 2 Lbsphsbkbhn`s \rmnsbthrbms. - = Lbsphsbkbûn L`rhcmthrbm.
=<
`lbthrbmf } k`p
Fm Khnstbtukbûn @spmýhfm l` =235
- = Lbsphsbkbûn Jbnmf.
G. @strukturm omt`rbmf [` lbstbncu`n `n nu`strm Khnstbtukbûn lhs pmrt`s gb`n lbj`r`nkbmlms.
m. Fm pmrt` lhcoítbkm [` k`ntrm `n `f r`khnhkbob`nth l` fhs prbnkbpbhs prhcrmoítbkhs qu` vmn m bnspbrmr `f nu`vh hrl`n phfïtbkh. @stí jhromlm phr `f \ïtufh Yr`fbobnmr y `f \ïtufh B l` fm Khnstbtukbûn.
g. Fm pmrt` hrcínbkm [` lbrbc` m r`cufmr y `stmgf`k`r l` omn`rm `j`ktbvm fm hrcmnbzmkbûn phfïtbkm y aurïlbkm l`f @stmlh `spmýhf hrcmnbzmnlh sus bnstbtukbhn`s y r`pmrtb`nlh khop`t`nkbms. @stí jhromlm phr fhs \ïtufhs BB m U l` fm Khnstbtukbûn.
=.< Khnt`nblh @f khnt`nblh l` fhs lbstbnths `pïcrmj`s l` fm Khnstbtukbûn `s `f sbcub`nt`1 - \ïtufh Yr`fbobnmr1 (mrts. = m 2). Bnkfuy` fhs prbnkbpbhs gísbkhs `n fhs fhs qu` qu` s` sust`ntm `f @stmlh @stmlh @spmýhf. - \ïtufh B1 ‖L` fhs l`r`kehs y l`g`r`s junlmo`ntmf`s‟ (mrts. =9 mf 00). Khn <: mrtïkufhs, `st` `s `f \ïtufh oís mopfbh l` nu`strm Khnstbtukbûn. M fh fmrch fmrch l` su mrtbkufmlh s` r`khnhk`n y cmrmntbzmn fhs l`r`kehs, l`g`r`s y fbg`rtml`s l` fhs kbulmlmnhs, msï khoh fm phsbgf` susp`nsbûn l` fhs obsohs. @stí lbvblblh `n kbnkh Kmpïtufhs, sbrvb`nlh `f mrtïkufh mrtïkufh =9 =9 l` pûrtbkh mf obsoh. obsoh. ³
Kmpïtufh =±1 ‖L` fhs `spmýhf`s `spmýhf`s y fhs `xtrmna`rhs‟ `xtrmna`rhs‟ (mrts. == mf =;)
³
Kmpïtufh 7±1 ‖L`r`kehs y fbg`rtml`s‟ (mrts. =0 mf ;5)4 `stí `stí lbvblblh `n lhs [`kkbhn`s, [`kkbhn`s, fms kumf`s vmn pr`k`lblms l`f mrtïkufh =<, r`fmtbvh mf prbnkbpbh l` bcumflml1 [`kkbûn =ª1 L` fhs L`r`kehs L`r`kehs junlmo`ntmf`s junlmo`ntmf`s y l` fms fbg`rtml`s pñgfbkms (mrts. (mrts. =0 mf 72). [`kkbûn 7ª1 L` L` fhs L`r`kehs y l`g`r`s l` fhs kbulmlmnhs (mrts. ;9 mf ;5).
³
Kmpïtufh ;±1 ‖L` fhs prbnkbpbhs r`kthr`s r`kthr`s l` fm phfïtbkm shkbmf y `khnûobkm‟ (mrts. ;2 mf 07).
³
Kmpïtufh <±1 ‖L` fms cmrmntïms cmrmntïms l` fms fbg`rtml`s y l`r`kehs l`r`kehs junlmo`ntmf`s‟ junlmo`ntmf`s‟ (mrts. (mrts. 0; y 0<)
³
Kmpïtufh 0±1 ‖L` fm susp`nsbûn susp`nsbûn l` l` fhs l`r`kehs y fbg`rtml`s‟ fbg`rtml`s‟ (mrt. (mrt. 00).
- \ïtufh BB1 BB1 ‖L` ‖L` fm Khrhnm‟ (mrts. 0: m :0). :0). W`cufm fm jbcurm l`f W`y, sus junkbhn`s, junkbhn`s, aurmo`nth, fm suk`sbûn suk`sbûn l` fm Khrhnm, Khrhnm, fm W`c`nkbm, fm \ut`fm l`f W`y, `f r`jr`nlh m fhs mkths l`f W`y y `f Yr`supu`sth y hrcmnbzmkbûn l` fm Kmsm W`mf.
`lbthrbmf } k`p
=0
Ymrt` C`n`rmf. \`om =
- \ïtufh BBB1 ‖L` fms Khrt`s C`n`rmf`s‟ (mrts. :: m 2:). @stmgf`k` fm khophsbkbûn, hrcmnbzmkbûn y mtrbgukbhn`s l` fms Khrt`s C`n`rmf`s. W`cufm `f prhk`lbob`nth l` `fmghrmkbûn l` fms f`y`s, `f `stmtuth l` fhs pmrfmo`ntmrbhs y `f râcbo`n l` fhs \rmtmlhs Bnt`rnmkbhnmf`s. @stí lbvblblh `n tr`s Kmpïtufhs. ³
Kmpïtufh =±1 ‖L` ‖L` fms Kíomrms‟ (mrts. :: mf 59).
³
Kmpïtufh 7±1 ‖L` fm `fmghrmkbûn `fmghrmkbûn l` fms f`y`s‟ (mrts. 5= mf 27).
³
Kmpïtufh ;±1 ‖L` fhs \rmtmlhs \rmtmlhs Bnt`rnmkbhnmf`s‟ (mrts. 2; mf 2:).
- \ïtufh BZ1 ‖L`f Chgb`rnh Chgb`rnh y l` fm Mlobnbstrmkbûn‟ (mrts. 23 mf =93). W`cufm fm khophsbkbûn y junkbhn`s junkbhn`s l`f Chgb`rnh, Chgb`rnh, `f nhogrmob`nth y k`s` k`s` l`f Yr`sbl`nt`, Zbk`pr`sbl`nt`s y Obnbstrhs, msï khoh su r`sphnsmgbfblml krbobnmf. Khn r`sp`kth m fm Mlobnbstrmkbûn, `stmgf`k` sus sus prbnkbpbhs prbnkbpbhs l` l` mktumkbûn mktumkbûn y hrcmnbzmkbûn, `f khntrhf aurbslbkkbhnmf y fm r`sphnsmgbfblml pmtrbohnbmf l` fm obsom. W`cufm `f Khns`ah l` @stmlh khoh ûrcmnh supr`oh l` kmríkt`r khnsuftbvh. - \ïtufh Z1 ‖L` ‖L` fms r`fmkbhn`s r`fmkbhn`s `ntr` `f Chgb`rnh y fms Khrt`s C`n`rmf`s‟ (mrts. =95 mf ==:). @stmgf`k` fm r`sphnsmgbfblml l`f l`f Chgb`rnh mnt` `f Khncr`sh l` fhs Lbputmlhs4 r`cufm fm ku`stbûn l` khnjbmnzm, fm ohkbûn l` k`nsurm, fm lbobsbûn l`f Chgb`rnh y fm lbshfukbûn l` fms Kíomrms4 msbobsoh, r`khnhk` `f l`r`keh l` bnjhromkbûn l` fms Kíomrms m trmvâs l` bnt`rp`fmkbhn`s y pr`cuntms y r`cufm fhs `stmlhs l` mfmrom, `xk`pkbûn y sbtbh. - \ïtufh ZB1 ZB1 ‖L`f ‖L`f Yhl`r Yhl`r Aulbkbmf‟ Aulbkbmf‟ (mrts. ==3 mf =73). =73). W`cufm fhs prbnkbpbhs gísbkhs l`f Yhl`r Aulbkbmf1 prbnkbpbh prbnkbpbh l` l` bnl`p`nl`nkbm bnl`p`nl`nkbm aulbkbmf, aulbkbmf, l` bnmohvbfblml l` au`k`s y omcbstrmlhs, l` `xkfusbvblml aurbslbkkbhnmf y l` unblml aurbslbkkbhnmf4 fm khfmghrmkbûn khn fm austbkbm4 fm austbkbm crmtubtm4 fm pugfbkblml y hrmfblml l` fms mktumkbhn`s aulbkbmf`s, fm bnl`onbzmkbûn l`f @stmlh phr `rrhr aulbkbmf, `f Khns`ah C`n`rmf l`f Yhl`r Aulbkbmf, `f \rbgunmf [upr`oh, `f Obnbst`rbh Jbskmf, fm mkkbûn phpufmr, `tk. - \ïtufh ZBB1 ‖@khnhoïm y Emkb`nlm‟ Emkb`nlm‟ (mrts. =75 =75 mf =;:). @st` \ïtufh `stmgf`k` `f prbnkbpbh l` sughrlbnmkbûn sughrlbnmkbûn l` fm rbqu`zm mf bnt`râs c`n`rmf, c`n`rmf, `f prbnkbpbh l` f`cmfblml `n omt`rbm trbgutmrbm y fhs prbnkbpbhs gísbkhs l`f râcbo`n aurïlbkh l` fhs gb`n`s l` lhobnbh pñgfbkh y l` fhs khounmf`s. W`cufm `f \rbgunmf l` l` Ku`ntms y `f râcbo`n l` `fmghrmkbûn `fmghrmkbûn l` fhs Yr`supu`sths Yr`supu`sths l`f @stmlh. W`khnhk` fm bnbkbmtbvm pñgfbkm `n fm mktbvblml `khnûobkm4 fm pmrtbkbpmkbûn l` fhs trmgmamlhr`s `n fm [`curblml [hkbmf y fm mktbvblml l` fhs hrcmnbsohs pñgfbkhs, msï khoh fm phsbgbfblml l` pfmnbjbkmkbûn l` fm mktbvblml `khnûobkm. - \ïtufh ZBBB1 ‖L` fm hrcmnbzmkbûn t`rrbthrbmf l`f @stmlh‟ (mrts. =;3 =;3 mf =05). W`cufm fhs prbnkbpbhs l` hrcmnbzmkbûn hrcmnbzmkbûn t`rrbthrbmf l`f @stmlh, fm Mlobnbstrmkbûn Fhkmf y fms Khounblml`s Mutûnhoms. Mutûnhoms. @stí lbvblblh `n tr`s Kmpïtufhs1 ³ =:
Kmpïtufh =±1 ‖Yrbnkbpbhs C`n`rmf`s‟ (mrts. =;3 mf =;2).
`lbthrbmf } k`p
Fm Khnstbtukbûn @spmýhfm l` =235
³
Kmpïtufh 7±1 ‖L` fm Mlobnbstrmkbûn Fhkmf‟ (mrts. =<9 mf =<7).
³
Kmpïtufh ;±1 ‖L` fms Khounblml`s Mutûnhoms‟ (mrts. =<; mf =05).
- \ïtufh BU1 ‖L`f \rbgunmf \rbgunmf Khnstbtukbhnmf‟ Khnstbtukbhnmf‟ (mrts. =02 mf =:0). W`cufm fm khophsbkbûn, `stmtuth y nhogrmob`nth nhogrmob`nth l` fhs ob`ogrhs l`f \rbgunmf \rbgunmf KhnstbtuKhnstbtukbhnmf4 fms khop`t`nkbms y junkbhn`s l`f obsoh4 fm f`cbtbomkbûn pmrm fm bnt`rphsbkbûn l` r`kurshs l` bnkhnstbtukbhnmfblml y l` mopmrh y fm ku`stbûn l` bnkhnstbtukbhnmfblml bnkhnstbtukbhnmfblml.. - \ïtufh U1 ‖L` fm W`jhrom Khnstbtukbhnmf‟ (mrts. =:: mf =:2). @stmgf`k` `f prhk`lbob`nth l` r`jhrom r`jhrom l` fm Khnstbtukbûn, msï khoh khoh fhs fïobt`s fïobt`s t`ophrmf`s t`ophrmf`s pmrm `j`ktumrfm.
KHN[\B\PKBÛN @[YMÝHFM @[\WPK\PWM Jhromf Omt`rbmf
KHN\@NBLH[ \ïtufh Yr`fbobnmr =9 \ïtufhs nuo`rmlhs
=:2 mrtïkufhs
< Lbsphsbkbhn`s Mlbkbhnmf`s 2 Lbsphsbkbhn`s \rmnsbthrbms = Lbsphsbkbûn L`rhcmthrbm = Lbsphsbkbûn Jbnmf
7. FH[ YWBNKBYBH[ KHN[\B\PKBHNMF@[ KHN\@NBLH[ @N @F \Ï\PFH YW@FBOBNMW L@ FM K@ Fhs prbnkbpbhs khnstbtukbhnmf`s r`cufmlhs `n `f \ïtufh Yr`fbobnmr l` fm Khnstbtukbûn shn1
7.= Jhrom l`f @stmlh @spmýhf M. @stmlh [hkbmf y L`ohkrítbkh l` L`r`keh L`r`keh @spmým s` khnstbtuy` `n un @stmlh shkbmf y l`ohkrítbkh l` l`r`keh qu` prhpucnm khoh vmfhr`s sup`rbhr`s l` su hrl`nmob`nth aurïlbkh fm fbg`rtml, fm austbkbm, fm bcumflml y `f pfurmfbsoh phfïtbkh (mrt. =.= K@).
`lbthrbmf } k`p
=3
Ymrt` C`n`rmf. \`om =
m. @stmlh [hkbmf @f mnt`k`l`nt` l` fm `xpr`sbûn ‖@stmlh shkbmf‟ fh `nkhntrmohs `n fm F`y Junlmo`ntmf l` Ghnn, qu` l`jbnïm fm W`pñgfbkm J`l`rmf l` Mf`omnbm khoh un @stmlh shkbmf, l`ohkrítbkh y j`l`rmf. Fm lhktrbnm nh `s unínbo` m fm ehrm l` lhtmr l` khnt`nblh fm kbtmlm `xpr`sbûn. Ymrm unhs, `f `stmlh shkbmf bopfbkm un @stmlh l` s`rvbkbhs, l` lbstrbgukbûn h l` gb`n`stmr4 pmrm htrhs, s`rïm `f @stmlh hrb`ntmlh emkbm fm khns`kukbûn l` fm austbkbm shkbmf, m trmvâs l` fm prht`kkbûn l`f trmgmah y l` fm bopfmntmkbûn l` un sbst`om ml`kumlh l` s`curblml shkbmf. Pn `stmlh shkbmf `s mqu`f qu` r`khnhk` pr`t`nsbhn`s l` fhs bnlbvbluhs jr`nt` m fm khounblml4 m trmvâs l` âf s` khnsbcu` fm prht`kkbûn shkbmf y `khnûobkm l` thlhs fhs kbulmlmnhs. @f e`keh l` qu` @spmým s` khnstbtuym `n un @stmlh shkbmf sbcnbjbkm `f r`khnhkbob`nth nh shfh l` fhs l`r`kehs y fbg`rtml`s m nbv`f bnlbvblumf, sbnh tmogbân m nbv`f khf`ktbvh h l` cruphs lhnl` un bnlbvbluh tb`nl` m bnt`crmrs`. Yhr tmnth, `f @stmlh l`g` msuobr fm hgfbcmkbûn l` cmrmntbzmr `f gb`n`stmr y fm smtbsjmkkbûn l` fms n`k`sblml`s bnlbvblumf`s y khf`ktbvms l` fhs kbulmlmnhs. @f `f`o`nth shkbmf s` `nku`ntrm r`khcblh `n oukehs l` fhs l`r`kehs r`khnhkblhs `n `f \ïtufh B, Kmpïtufh s`cunlh l` fm Khnstbtukbûn (khoh `f l`r`keh mf trmgmah, fm fbg`rtml l` r`sbl`nkbm, l`r`keh l` mshkbmkbûn y tut`fm aulbkbmf) y `n thlhs fhs prbnkbpbhs l`f Kmpïtufh t`rk`rh (prht`kkbûn m fm smful, m fm jmobfbm, lbstrbgukbûn l` fm r`ntm, `tk.). @f @stmlh shkbmf `n qu` fm Nmkbûn @spmýhfm s` khnstbtuy`, khnff`vm fm hgfbcmkbûn l` fhs phl`r`s pñgfbkhs l`1 - Yrhohv`r fms khnlbkbhn`s pmrm pmrm qu` fm fbg`rtml y fm bcumflml l`f bnlbvbluh y l` fhs cruphs cruphs `n qu` s` bnt`crm s`mn r`mf`s y `j`ktbvms. - W`ohv`r fhs hgstíkufhs hgstíkufhs qu` qu` bopblmn h lbjbkuft`n lbjbkuft`n su pf`nbtul. - Jmkbfbtmr fm pmrtbkbpmkbûn pmrtbkbpmkbûn l` thlhs fhs kbulmlmnhs `n fm vblm phfïtbkm, `khnûobkm, kufturmf kufturmf y shkbmf. @n nu`strh t`xth khnstbtukbhnmf `xbst`n lbv`rshs pr`k`pths qu` hgfbcmn m fhs phl`r`s pñgfbkhs m prhohv`r fms khnlbkbhn`s jmvhrmgf`s pmrm unm lbstrbgukbûn l` fm r`ntm p`rshnmf y r`cbhnmf oís `qubtmtbvm. @f târobnh shkbmf sbcnbjbkm bcumflml4 `stm bcumflml khopr`nl` `f prbnkbpbh l` r`lbstrbgukbûn, `nrbqu`kb`nlh fhs l`r`kehs l` fhs o`nhs jmvhr`kblhs. Msï, phr `a`opfh, nhs `nkhntrmohs khn fm prht`kkbûn l` fhs ebahs khn bnl`p`nl`nkbm l` su jbfbmkbûn, `f mopmrh qu` s` l`g` pr`stmr m fhs lbsobnublhs, fm prht`kkbûn m fm t`rk`rm `lml, `tk.
g. @stmlh L`ohkrítbkh L`sl` `f prhpbh pr`íogufh l` fm Khnstbtukbûn s` prhkfmom fm vhfuntml l`f pu`gfh `spmýhf l` `stmgf`k`r unm shkb`lml l`ohkrítbkm mvmnzmlm y cmrmntbzmr fm khnvbv`nkbm l`ohkrítbkm l` fhs `spmýhf`s.
=5
`lbthrbmf } k`p
Fm Khnstbtukbûn @spmýhfm l` =235
@f @stmlh `s l`ohkrítbkh phr kumnth qu` `s `n `f pu`gfh `n `f qu` r`sbl` fm shg`rmnïm nmkbhnmf, l` âf `omnmn fhs phl`r`s l`f @stmlh y pmrtbkbpm `n fhs msunths pñgfbkhs. Fm pmfmgrm l`ohkrítbkh s` r`pbt` m fh fmrch l`f mrtbkufmlh l` fm Khnstbtukbûn, y msï1 - Mf emgfmr l` fhs pmrtblhs phfïtbkhs, l` fhs sbnlbkmths l` trmgmamlhr`s, l` fms Mshkbmkbhn`s @opr`smrbmf`s, l` fhs Khf`cbhs Yrhj`sbhnmf`s y l` fms Hrcmnbzmkbhn`s Yrhj`sbhnmf`s s` sugrmym qu` su `strukturm bnt`rnm y junkbhnmob`nth l`g`rín s`r l`ohkrítbkhs.
\ho` nhtm Fm bl`m l` qu` fm shg`rmnïm nmkbhnmf r`sbl` `n `f pu`gfh s` `nku`ntrm kfmrmo`nt` `xpr`smlm `n `f pr`íogufh l` fm Khnstbtukbûn, `s oís, fm Khnstbtukbûn obsom `s un mkth l` shg`rmnïm, y unm mjbromkbûn l`f kmríkt`r l`ohkrítbkh l`f @stmlh.
- Fm `lukmkbûn `lukmkbûn t`nlrí t`nlrí phr hga`th `f pf`nh l`smrrhffh l`smrrhffh l` l` fm p`rshnmfblml euomnm `n `f r`sp`th m fhs prbnkbpbhs l`ohkrítbkhs l` khnvbv`nkbm y m fhs l`r`kehs y fbg`rtml`s junlmo`ntmf`s. @n prbo`r fucmr, em l` t`n`rs` `n ku`ntm qu` fm l`ohkrmkbm `stí ouy bnt`rr`fmkbhnmlm khn fm pmrtbkbpmkbûn, khns`ku`nkbm l` qu` fm shg`rmnïm r`sbl` `n `f pu`gfh `spmýhf. Fm pmrtbkbpmkbûn s` r`mfbzm m trmvâs l`f sujrmcbh, l` fm pfurmfblml l` pmrtblhs, l` sbnlbkmths y l` htrhs tbphs l` mshkbmkbhn`s, l` fms Khrt`s ` bnkfush l`f Chgb`rnh. Pn râcbo`n l`ohkrítbkh nh shfh `s mqu`f `n qu` `f phl`r prhk`l` l`f pu`gfh, sbnh qu` tmogbân l`g` s`r nhtm kmrmkt`rïstbkm l`f obsoh qu` `f pu`gfh pmrtbkbp` `n fms l`kbsbhn`s l`f phl`r. @f `f`o`nth l`ohkrítbkh s` `nku`ntrm `n1 - @f prbnkbpbh l` shg`rmnïm phpufmr (mrt. =.7). - @f l`r`keh l` pmrtbkbpmkbûn l` fhs kbulmlmnhs `n fhs msunths pñgfbkhs (mrt. 7;). - Fm r`pr`s`ntmtbvblml r`pr`s`ntmtbvblml l` fms Kíomrms4 msï `f mrt. :: `stm gf`k` qu` fms Khrt`s C`n`rmf`s r`pr`s`ntmn mf pu`gfh `spmýhf. - @f hrbc`n l` fm austbkbm4 msï msï `f mrt. ==3 `stmgf`k` qu` fm austbkbm `omnm l`f pu`gfh.
k. @stmlh l` L`r`keh Nhs `nkhntrmohs mnt` un @stmlh l` L`r`keh kumnlh lbkeh @stmlh s` `nku`ntrm hrcmnbzmlh phr un phl`r phfïtbkh4 `st` phl`r l`g`rí lbktmr fms nhroms pr`kbsms pmrm cmrmntbzmr fhs l`r`kehs y fbg`rtml`s l` fhs bnlbvbluhs
`lbthrbmf } k`p
=2
Ymrt` C`n`rmf. \`om =
Bophrtmnt`
y l` fhs cruphs `n qu` s` bnt`crmn, tut`fmnlh l` `stm omn`rm `f gb`n`stmr khoñn.
Fm bl`m l`f @stmlh l` L`r`keh pmrt` l`f prbnkbpbh l` qu` `f phl`r l`g` s`r fbobtmlh4 suphn` qu` fhs phl`r`s pñgfbkhs y fhs kbulmlmnhs `stín sho`tblhs m fm Khnstbtukbûn y mf r`sth l`f hrl`nmob`nth aurïlbkh, msï khoh m unm s`rb` l` prbnkbpbhs l` mktumkbûn `ntr` fhs qu` phl`ohs l`stmkmr fhs l` f`cmfblml, brr`trhmktbvblml, a`rmrquïm nhromtbvm, s`curblml aurïlbkm y pugfbkblml l` fms nhroms.
@f @stmlh l` L`r`keh `s phr tmnth un junlmo`nth l` nu`strm shkb`lml, ym qu` hrcmnbzm fm khounblml pmrm qu` thlhs s` sb`ntmn prht`cblhs. @n prbo`r fucmr, emy qu` t`n`r kfmrh qu` fm `xpr`sbûn @stmlh l` L`r`keh, vb`n` m khnjbcurmr m mqu`f @stmlh `n `f qu` pr`lhobnm `f chgb`rnh l` fms f`y`s. Pn @stmlh qu` nh `stuvb`rm sho`tblh m l`r`keh, nh s`rïm khnsbl`rmlh khoh tmf. @f kmríkt`r l`f @stmlh l` L`r`keh bopfbkm `f r`khnhkbob`nth y cmrmntïm l` unm s`rb` l` l`r`kehs y fbg`rtml`s, `xpr`smo`nt` r`khcblhs `n `f \ïtufh B l` fm Khnstbtukbûn. @f @stmlh l` L`r`keh nh shfh bopfbkm qu` fhs kbulmlmnhs y fhs phl`r`s pñgfbkhs `stín sua`ths m fm Khnstbtukbûn y mf r`sth l`f Hrl`nmob`nth Aurïlbkh, sbnh tmogbân qu` `f Hrl`nmob`nth l`g` prhkurmr fhs o`lbhs pmrm qu` fm p`rshnm mfkmnk` su pf`nm lbcnblml y pu`lm l`smrrhffmr fbgr`o`nt` su p`rshnmfblml. Msbobsoh, `s kmrmkt`rïstbkm junlmo`ntmf l`f @stmlh l` L`r`keh fm s`pmrmkbûn l` phl`r`s, l` omn`rm qu` kmlm unh l` `ffhs (@a`kutbvh, F`cbsfmtbvh y Aulbkbmf) `s bnl`p`nlb`nt` l` fhs l`oís sbn p`raubkbh l` fm phsbgf` khfmghrmkbûn `ntr` fhs obsohs. Khn r`sp`kth m `st` t`om em l` t`n`rs` `n ku`ntm `f mrt. 2.; l` fm Khnstbtukbûn qu` `nunkbm unm s`rb` l` prbnkbpbhs l`f hrl`nmob`nth aurïlbkh qu` khnstbtuy` unm cmrmntïm sustmnkbmf l` fh qu` `f @stmlh l` L`r`keh sbcnbjbkm, khnsmcrmnlh fhs sbcub`nt`s prbnkbpbhs c`n`rmf`s1 - Yrbnkbpbh l` f`cmfblm f`cmfblml l y a`rmrquïm nhromtbvm4 `sths prbnkbpbhs suphn`n qu` fhs phl`r`s pñgfbkhs `stín sua`ths mf íogbth l` sus khop`t`nkbms, y nh pu`l`n shgr`pmsmrfhs. - Yrbnkbpbh l` pugfbkblml l` fms nhroms nhroms y prbnkbpbh l` s`curblml aurïlbkm4 `sths prbnkbpbhs ms`curmn qu` thlhs fhs kbulmlmnhs khnhzkmn sus l`r`kehs y hgfbcmkbhn`s y pu`lmn pr`v`r fms khns`ku`nkbms l` sus mkths. - Yrbnkbpbh l` brr`trhmktbvblml brr`trhmktbvblml l` fms nhroms nh jmvhrm gf`s h r`strbktbvms l` l` l`r`kehs bnlbvblumf`s.
79
`lbthrbmf } k`p
Fm Khnstbtukbûn @spmýhfm l` =235
- Yrbnkbpbh l` bnt`rlbkkbûn l` fm mrgbtrmrb`lml mrgbtrmrb`lml y prbnkbpbh l` r`sphnsmgbfblml l` fhs phl`r`s phl`r`s pñgfbkhs, l` jhrom qu` fhs obsohs sua`t`n su mktbvblml m fhs phl`r`s l`f @stmlh.
G. Zmfhr`s sup`rbhr`s sup`rbhr`s l`f Hrl`nmob`nth Aurïlbkh [hn fhs hga`tbvhs oíxbohs h fhs bl`mf`s qu` `f @stmlh prhpucnm pmrm qu` pu`lmn s`r r`mfbzmlhs phr `f hrl`nmob`nth aurïlbkh, fh qu` bopfbkm, qu` thlms fms nhroms l`g`n bnspbrmrs` `n `ffhs. Fhs r`khc` `f mrt. =.= y shn1 - Fm fbg`rtml. - Fm austbkbm. - Fm bcumflml. - @f pfurmfbsoh phfïtbkh.
m. Fm fbg`rtml Fm fbg`rtml s` r`khnhk` `xpr`smo`nt` khoh un l`r`keh `n `f mrt. =3 l` fm Khnstbtukbûn qu` `stmgf`k` qu`1 ‖\hlm p`rshnm tb`n` l`r`keh m fm fbg`rtml y m fm s`curblml‟. Bcumfo`nt`, `f t`xth khnstbtukbhnmf r`khc` fm fbg`rtml `n thlms sus omnbj`stmkbhn`s4 msï s` l`smrrhffm khoh1
• Fbg`rtml jïsbkm Fhs mrts. =3 y =2 K@ r`khc`n `f tb`oph oíxboh l` l`t`nkbûn pr`v`ntbvm y `f prhk`lbob`nth l` emg`ms khrpus pmrm fhs l`t`nblhs bf`cmfo`nt`, msï khoh fm fbg`rtml l` r`sbl`nkbm y kbrkufmkbûn.
• Fbg`rtml l` p`nsmob`nth p`nsmob`nth @f mrt. =: r`khnhk` `f l`r`keh m fm fbg`rtml bl`hfûcbkm y r`fbcbhsm.
• Fbg`rtml l` `xpr`sbûn `xpr`sbûn y l` bnjhromkbûn bnjhromkbûn W`khcblm `n mrt. 79.
• L`r`keh m `a`rk`r fm fbg`rtml fbg`rtml l` jhrom bnlbvblumf bnlbvblumf y khf`ktbvm L` `st` ohlh `f mrt. 77 r`khnhk` `f l`r`keh l` mshkbmkbûn y `f mrt. 7= `f l`r`keh l` r`unbûn.
• L`r`keh m `a`rk`r fm fbg`rtml fbg`rtml pmrm pmrtbkbpmr `n msunths msunths pñgfbkhs @stm fbg`rtml s` pu`l` `a`rk`r lbr`ktmo`nt` h m trmvâs l` r`pr`s`ntmnt`s fbgr`o`nt` `f`cblhs `n `f`kkbhn`s p`rbûlbkms o`lbmnt` sujrmcbh unbv`rsmf (mrt. 7; K@).
• O`lbhs pmrm l`j`nl`r fm fbg`rtml [` khnjbcurm khoh `f l`r`keh m hgt`n`r fm tut`fm `j`ktbvm l` fhs Au`k`s y \rbgunmf`s sbn qu`, khnjhro` `stbpufm `f prhpbh t`xth khnstbtukbhnmf, pu`lm prhlukbrs` bnl`j`nsbûn (mrt. 7< K@). Fm fbg`rtml `s un vmfhr qu` mpmr`k` tmogbân bnjhromnlh `f \ïtufh Yrbo`rh. @f mrtïkufh =9.= lbk` `xpr`smo`nt`1
`lbthrbmf } k`p
7=
Ymrt` C`n`rmf. \`om =
‖Fm lbcnblml l` fm p`rshnm, fhs l`r`kehs bnvbhfmgf`s qu` f` shn bne`r`nt`s, `f fbgr` l`smrrhffh l` fm p`rshnmfblml, `f r`sp`th m fm f`y y m fhs l`r`kehs l` fhs l`oís shn junlmo`nth l`f hrl`n phfïtbkh y l` fm pmz shkbmf‟. Khrr`sphnl` m fhs phl`r`s pñgfbkhs prhohv`r fms khnlbkbhn`s pmrm qu` fm fbg`rtml y fm bcumflml l`f bnlbvbluh y l` fhs cruphs `n qu` s` bnt`crm s`mn r`mf`s y `j`ktbvms4 r`ohv`r fhs hgstíkufhs qu` bopblmn h lbjbkuft`n su pf`nbtul y jmkbfbtmr fm pmrtbkbpmkbûn l` thlhs fhs kbulmlmnhs `n fm vblm phfïtbkm, `khnûobkm, kufturmf y shkbmf.
g. Fm austbkbm @f vmfhr sup`rbhr l` fm austbkbm s` prhy`ktm shgr` oukehs mrtïkufhs l` fm Khnstbtukbûn4 `st` vmfhr mlqub`r` `sp`kbmf r`f`vmnkbm r`f`vmnkbm `n `f \ïtufh ZB qu` `stmgf`k` fms gms`s l` hrcmnbzmkbûn l` fm Mlobnbstrmkbûn l` austbkbm. Fm austbkbm `s `f bnstruo`nth khn `f kumf s` khnsbcu` qu` fm fbg`rtml fbg` rtml y fm bcumflml s`mn l` mpfbkmkbûn pmrm thlhs fhs kbulmlmnhs. @f mrt. ==3 l` fm Khnstbtukbûn `stmgf`k` qu` fm austbkbm `omnm l`f pu`gfh y s` mlobnbstrm `n nhogr` l`f W`y phr Au`k`s y Omcbstrmlhs bnt`crmnt`s l`f Yhl`r Aulbkbmf, bnl`p`nlb`nt`s, bnmohvbgf`s, r`sphnsmgf`s y sho`tblhs ñnbkmo`nt` mf bop`rbh l` fm f`y. Fm pmfmgrm ‖austbkbm‟ nh s` utbfbzm `n `f s`ntblh l` emk`r austbkbm, sbnh qu` s` `opf`m `n khnshnmnkbm khn `f mrt. =.7 l` fm Khnstbtukbûn qu` `stmgf`k` qu` fm shg`rmnïm nmkbhnmf r`sbl` `n `f pu`gfh l`f qu` `omnmn fhs phl`r`s l`f @stmlh4 `n `st` s`ntblh `f phl`r aulbkbmf, khoh `f l` fhs r`stmnt`s phl`r`s l`f @stmlh, `omnm l`f pu`gfh. Bcumfo`nt`, khoh s` l`spr`nl` l`f mrt. 7< K@, l`g` l`stmkmrs` `f l`r`keh l` thlm p`rshnm m hgt`n`r fm tut`fm `j`ktbvm l` fhs au`k`s y trbgunmf`s `n `f `a`rkbkbh l` sus l`r`kehs ` bnt`r`s`s f`cïtbohs. Jbnmfo`nt`, fm Khnstbtukbûn `n su mrt. ==2 khnsmcrm `f prbnkbpbh l` crmtublml l` fm austbkbm, `n fhs kmshs `n qu` msï fh `stmgf`zkm fm f`y, y, `n thlh kmsh, r`sp`kth l` qub`n`s mkr`lbt`n bnsujbkb`nkbm l` r`kurshs pmrm fbtbcmr.
k. Fm bcumflml • Yrbnkbpbh l` bcumflml bcumflml mnt` fm f`y @f mrt. =< K@ `stmgf`k` qu` fhs `spmýhf`s shn bcumf`s mnt` fm f`y, sbn qu` pu`lm pr`vmf`k`r lbskrbobnmkbûn mfcunm phr rmzûn l` nmkbob`nth, rmzm, s`xh, r`fbcbûn, hpbnbûn h kumfqub`r htrm khnlbkbûn h kbrkunstmnkbm p`rshnmf h shkbmf. @stm bcumflml l`g` `nt`nl`rs` `n `f s`ntblh omnbj`stmlh phr `f \rbgunmf Khnstbtukbhnmf mf mjbromr qu` ‖fm bcumflml `s `f trmtmob`nth l`sbcumf l` fms sbtumkbhn`s l`sbcumf`s‟. @f prbnkbpbh l` bcumflml mnt` fm f`y s` `nku`ntrm msbobsoh khnsmcrmlh m fh fmrch l`f \ïtufh Yrbo`rh l` fm Khnstbtukbûn, kumnlh s` khnjbcurmn fhs l`r`kehs y fbg`rtml`s junlmo`ntmf`s.
77
`lbthrbmf } k`p
Fm Khnstbtukbûn @spmýhfm l` =235
• Khoprhobsh l` l` fhs phl`r`s phl`r`s pñgfbkhs @f mrt. 2.7 K@ `stmgf`k` qu` khrr`sphnl` m fhs phl`r`s pñgfbkhs prhohv`r fms khnlbkbhn`s pmrm qu` fm bcumflml s`m r`mf y `j`ktbvm, r`ohvb`nlh fhs hgstíkufhs qu` bopblmn h lbjbkuft`n su pf`nbtul. @f mrt. <9 K@ `stmgf`k` qu` fhs phl`r`s pñgfbkhs prhohv`rín fms khnlbkbhn`s jmvhrmgf`s pmrm unm lbstrbgukbûn l` fm r`ntm r`cbhnmf y p`rshnmf oís `qubtmtbvm. @f Kmpïtufh ;± l`f \ïtufh B l` fm Khnstbtukbûn, mrts. ;2 m 07, r`khc` fhs prbnkbpbhs r`kthr`s l` fm phfïtbkm shkbmf y `khnûobkm, `ntr` fhs qu` s` `stmgf`k`n fhs khoprhobshs l` fhs phl`r`s pñgfbkhs `n hrl`n m emk`r `j`ktbvh `f prbnkbpbh l` bcumflml.
• Bcumflml l` fhs `spmýhf`s `spmýhf`s `n thlh `f t`rrbthrbh l`f @stmlh @stmlh Mrt. =;2.= K@1 ‖\hlhs fhs `spmýhf`s tb`n`n fhs obsohs l`r`kehs y hgfbcmkbhn`s `n kumfqub`r pmrt` l`f t`rrbthrbh l`f @stmlh‟.
l. @f pfurmfbsoh pfu rmfbsoh phfïtbkh @f pfurmfbsoh phfïtbkh khoh vmfhr sup`rbhr l`f hrl`nmob`nth aurïlbkh tb`n` su prbnkbpmf omnbj`stmkbûn `n `f mrt. : l` fm Khnstbtukbûn qu` `stmgf`k`1 ‖Fhs pmrtblhs phfïtbkhs `xpr`smn `f pfurmfbsoh phfïtbkh, khnkurr`n m fm jhromkbûn y omnbj`stmkbûn l` fm vhfuntml phpufmr y shn bnstruo`nth junlmo`ntmf pmrm fm pmrtbkbpmkbûn phfïtbkm‟. @n `st` obsoh s`ntblh s` `xpr`sm `f mrt. 3 l` fm Khnstbtukbûn1 ‖Fhs sbnlbkmths l` trmgmamlhr`s y fms mshkbmkbhn`s `opr`smrbmf`s khntrbguy`n m fm l`j`nsm y prhohkbûn l` fhs bnt`r`s`s shkbmf`s y `khnûobkhs qu` f`s shn prhpbhs‟. Nh hgstmnt` fh mnt`rbhr, `f t`xth khnstbtukbhnmf khntb`n` oñftbpf`s r`j`r`nkbms qu` khnjhromn fm gms` shgr` fm qu` s` msb`ntm fm `xbst`nkbm l` fhs pmrtblhs phfïtbkhs khoh `xpr`sbûn l`f pfurmfbsoh phfïtbkh, msï1 - @f mrt. =9 K@ r`khnhk` `f fbgr` l`smrrhffh l` l` fm p`rshnmfblml. - @f mrt. =< K@ `stmgf`k` fm nh lbskrbobnmkbûn lbskrbobnmkbûn phr rmzûn rmzûn l` hpbnbûn. - @f mrt. =: K@ r`khnhk` `f l`r`keh m fm fbg`rtml bl`hfûcbkm bl`hfûcbkm y r`fbcbhsm. - @f mrt. 79 K@ r`khnhk` r`khnhk` `f l`r`keh l`r`keh m fm fbg`rtml l` `xpr`sbûn, `xpr`sbûn, l` p`nsmob`nth, p`nsmob`nth, l` bl`ms, `tk. - Fhs mrts. 7=, 77 y 7; K@ r`khnhk`n r`khnhk`n fhs l`r`kehs l`r`kehs l` r`unbûn, r`unbûn, mshkbmkbûn mshkbmkbûn y pmrtbkbpmkbûn pmrtbkbpmkbûn `n fhs msunths pñgfbkhs. Zbsth `f pfurmfbsoh phfïtbkh, em l` t`n`rs` `n ku`ntm qu` emy tmogbân htrms omnbj`stmkbhn`s l`f pfurmfbsoh, khoh pu`l`n s`r1 - Yfurmfbsoh fbncöïstbkh, khoh khoh khns`ku`nkbm khns`ku`nkbm l` fm khnjbcurmkbûn khnjbcurmkbûn l`f @stmlh muthnûobkh muthnûobkh (mrts. 7, y ;). - @f pfurmfbsoh sbnlbkmf (mrt. 75). - @f pfurmfbsoh prhj`sbhnmf, (mrts. ;: y 07), khnstbtuyânlhs` khf`cbhs prhj`sbhnmf`s.
`lbthrbmf } k`p
7;
Ymrt` C`n`rmf. \`om =
K. [hg`rmnïm nmkbhnmf Fm shg`rmnïm nmkbhnmf r`sbl` `n `f pu`gfh `spmýhf, l`f qu` `omnmn fhs phl`r`s l`f @stmlh (mrt. =.7).
L. Jhrom phfïtbkm l`f @stmlh Fm jhrom phfïtbkm l`f @stmlh `spmýhf `s fm Ohnmrquïm Ymrfmo`ntmrbm Ymrfmo`ntmr bm (mrt. =.;).
7.7 Pnblml l` fm Nmkbûn `spmýhfm y r`khnhkbob`nth l`f l`r`keh m fm muthnhoïm
\ho` nhtm A u n t h m f h s p r b n k b p b h s l` unblml y muthnhoïm, e`ohs l` emk`r r`j`r`nkbm m fhs l` shfblmrblml ` bcumflml `ntr` thlms fms zhnms l`f t`rrbthrbh nmkbhnmf, fh qu` bopfbkm fm hgfbcmkbûn l` bop`lbr prbvbf`cbhs l` unms r`sp`kth m htrms.
Fm Khnstbtukbûn s` junlmo`ntm `n fm bnlbshfugf` unblml l` fm Nmkbûn `spmýhfm, pmtrbm khoñn ` bnlbvbsbgf` l` thlhs fhs `spmýhf`s, y r`khnhk` y cmrmntbzm `f l`r`keh m fm muthnhoïm l` fms nmkbhnmfblml`s y r`cbhn`s qu` fm bnt`crmn y fm shfblmrblml `ntr` thlms `ffms (mrt. 7). @stmohs jr`nt` m fh qu` s` l`jbn` khoh un `stmlh l`sk`ntrmfbzmlh. @st` kmríkt`r s` l`spr`nl` l`f prhpbh mrtïkufh 7 l`f t`xth khnstbtukbhnmf, kumnlh `xpr`sm qu` ‖Fm Khnstbtukbûn s` junlmo`ntm `n fm bnlbshfugf` unblml l` fm Nmkbûn `spmýhfm...‟ y m fm v`z r`khnhk` y cmrmntbzm ‖fm muthnhoïm l` fms nmkbhnmfblml`s y r`cbhn`s qu` fm bnt`crmn y fm shfblmrblml `ntr` thlms `ffms‟. Yhl`ohs mjbromr qu` unblml y muthnhoïm nh shn khnk`pths khntrmpu`sths, sbnh khopf`o`ntmrbhs. Fm unblml bopfbkm qu` `xbst` unm hrcmnbzmkbûn, qu` `s `f @stmlh, pmrm thlh `f t`rrbthrbh nmkbhnmf4 p`rh fhs ûrcmnhs l`f @stmlh nh hst`ntmn thlh `f phl`r, `f kumf s` lbstrb guy` ml`oís `ntr` fhs ounbkbpbhs, fms prhvbnkbms y fms Khounblml`s Mutûnhoms qu` s` khnstbtuymn, t`nb`nlh thlhs `ffhs muthnhoïm pmrm fm c`stbûn l` sus r`sp`ktbvhs bnt`r`s`s.
7.; Blbhom hjbkbmf l`f @stmlh @f kmst`ffmnh `s fm f`ncum hjbkbmf l`f @stmlh. \hlhs fhs `spmýhf`s tb`n`n `f l`g`r l` khnhk`rfm y `f l`r`keh m usmrfm (mrt. ;.=).
7<
`lbthrbmf } k`p
Fm Khnstbtukbûn @spmýhfm l` =235
Fms l`oís f`ncums `spmýhfms s`rín tmogbân hjbkbmf`s `n fms r`sp`ktbvms Khounblml`s Mutûnhoms l` mku`rlh khn sus @stmtuths (mrt. ;.7). Fm rbqu`zm l` fms lbstbntms ohlmfblml`s fbncöïstbkms l` @spmým `s un pmtrbohnbh kufturmf qu` s`rí hga`th l` `sp`kbmf r`sp`th y prht`kkbûn (mrt. ;.;).
7.< Fm gmnl`rm l` @spmým y fm l` fms Khounblml`s Mutûnhoms Fm gmnl`rm l` @spmým `stí jhromlm phr tr`s jrmnams ehrbzhntmf`s, rham, momrbffm y rham, sb`nlh fm momrbffm l` lhgf` mnkeurm qu` kmlm unm l` fms rhams (mrt. <.=). Fhs @stmtuths phlrín r`khnhk`r gmnl`rms y `ns`ýms prhpbms l` fms Khounblml`s Mutûnhoms. Mutûnhoms. @stms s` utbfbzmrín aunth m fm gmnl`rm l` @spmým `n sus `lbjbkbhs pñgfbkhs y `n sus mkths hjbkbmf`s (mrt. <.7).
7.0 Fm kmpbtmf l`f @stmlh @s fm vbffm l` Omlrbl (mrt. 0).
7.: Ymrtblhs phfïtbkhs Fhs pmrtblhs phfïtbkhs `xpr`smn `f pfurmfbsoh phfïtbkh, khnkurr`n m fm jhromkbûn y omnbj`stmkbûn l` fm vhfuntml phpufmr y shn bnstruo`nth junlmo`ntmf pmrm fm pmrtbkbpmkbûn phfïtbkm. [u kr`mkbûn y `f `a`rkbkbh l` su mktbvblml shn fbgr`s l`ntrh l`f r`sp`th m fm Khnstbtukbûn y m fm f`y. [u `strukturm bnt`rnm b nt`rnm y junkbhnmob`nth l`g`rín s`r l`ohkrítbkhs (mrt. :).
7.3 [bnlbkmths y mshkbmkbhn`s `opr`smrbmf`s `opr`smrbmf`s Fhs sbnlbkmths l` trmgmamlhr`s y fms mshkbmkbhn`s `opr`smrbmf`s khntrbguy`n m fm l`j`nsm l` fhs bnt`r`s`s `khnûobkhs y shkbmf`s qu` f`s shn prhpbhs. [u kr`mkbûn y `f `a`rkbkbh l` su mktbvblml shn fbgr`s l`ntrh l`f r`sp`th m fm Khnstbtukbûn y m fm f`y. [u `strukturm bnt`rnm b nt`rnm y junkbhnmob`nth l`g`rín s`r l`ohkrítbkhs (mrt. 3).
7.5 Fms Ju`rzms Mromlms Khnstbtublms phr `f @aârkbth l` \b`rrm, fm Mromlm y `f @aârkbth l`f Mbr`, tb`n`n khoh obsbûn cmrmntbzmr fm shg`rmnïm ` bnl`p`nl`nkbm l` @spmým, l`j`nl`r su bnt`crblml t`rrbthrbmf y `f hrl`nmob`nth khnstbtukbhnmf (mrt. 5.=). Pnm f`y hrcínbkm r`cufmrí fms gms`s l` fm hrcmnbzmkbûn obfbtmr khnjhro` m fhs prbnkbpbhs l` fm Khnstbtukbûn (mrt. 5.7).
`lbthrbmf } k`p
70
Ymrt` C`n`rmf. \`om =
7.2 Yrbnkbpbh l` f`cmfblml y cmrmntïms aurïlbkms aurïlbkms Fhs kbulmlmnhs y fhs phl`r`s pñgfbkhs `stín sua`ths m fm Khnstbtukbûn y mf r`sth l`f hrl`nmob`nth aurïlbkh (mrt. 2.= K@), khn fh qu` s` phn` l` omnbjb`sth qu` fm Khnstbtukbûn, p`rt`n`kb`nlh mf hrl`nmob`nth aurïlbkh `spmýhf, khnstbtuy` fm nhrom sup`rbhr y junlmo`ntmf, kñspbl` l` fm pbríobl` nhromtbvm. Fhs phl`r`s pñgfbkhs `stín hgfbcmlhs m prhohv`r fms khnlbkbhn`s pmrm qu` fm fbg`rtml y fm bcumflml l`f bnlbvbluh y l` fhs cruphs `n qu` s` bnt`crm s`mn r`mf`s y `j`ktbvms, r`ohvb`nlh fhs hgstíkufhs qu` bopblmn h lbjbkuft`n su pf`nbtul y jmkbfbtmnlh fm pmrtbkbpmkbûn l` thlhs fhs kbulmlmnhs `n fm vblm phfïtbkm, `khnûobkm, kufturmf y shkbmf (mrt. 2.7 K@), cmrmntbzmnlh mf `j`kth unhs prbnkbpbhs gísbkhs `n `f mrt. 2.; l` fm Khnstbtukbûn1 =) Yrbnkbpbh l` f`cmfblml1 thlms fms mktumkbhn`s s` khnlbkbhnmn mf bop`rbh l` fm f`y, tmnth fms l` fhs kbulmlmnhs khoh fms l` fm Mlobnbstrmkbûn. 7) Yrbnkbpbh l` pugfbkblml l` fms nhroms1 @stm cmrmntïm mpmr`k` khoh khns`ku`nkbm bn`fuktmgf` l` fm prhkfmomkbûn l` @spmým khoh un @stmlh l` l`r`keh, y s` `nku`ntrm `n ïntbom r`fmkbûn khn `f prbnkbpbh l` s`curblml aurïlbkm. @n `st` s`ntblh `f mrtïkufh 7.= l`f Kûlbch Kbvbf `stmgf`k` qu`1 ‖Fms f`y`s `ntrmrín `n vbchr m fhs v`bnt` lïms l` su khopf`tm pugfbkmpugfbkm kbûn `n `f «Ghf`tïn Hjbkbmf l`f @stmlh´, sb `n `ffms nh s` lbsphn` htrm khsm‟. ;) Yrbnkbpbh l` a`rmrquïm nhromtbvm1 nhromtbvm1 `f hrl`nmob`nth aurïlbkh s` `strukturm l` omn`rm a`rírqubkm, l` ohlh qu` unms nhroms phs``n rmnch sup`rbhr m htrms. Fm nhrom junlmo`ntmf `s fm Khnstbtukbûn y m `ffm s` sughrlbnmn fms l`oís f`y`s, tmnth `n su khnt`nblh khoh `n su prhk`lbob`nth. <) Yrbnkbpbh l` brr`trhmktbvblml l` fms lbsphsbkbhn`s smnkbhnmlhrms nh jmvhrmgf`s h r`strbktbvms l` l`r`kehs bnlbvblumf`s1 Fm brr`trhmktbvblml sbcnbjbkm qu` fm f`y s` mpfbkmrí mf juturh y nh mf pmsmlh, prbnkbpbh r`khcblh phr `f Kûlbch Kbvbf `n `f mrtïkufh qu` 7.; `stmgf`k` qu` ‖fms f`y`s nh t`nlrín `j`kth r`trhmktbvh, sb nh lbspusb`r`n fh khntrmrbh‟ y `n `f Kûlbch Y`nmf `n `f mrtïkufh 7 qu` lbsphn` qu`1 ‖=. Nh s`rí kmstbcmlh nbncñn l`fbth nb jmftm khn p`nm qu` nh s` emff` pr`vbstm phr F`y mnt`rbhr m su p`rp`trmkbûn. Kmr`k`rín, bcumfo`nt`, l` `j`kth r`trhmktbvh fms F`y`s qu` `stmgf`zkmn o`lblms l` s`curblml. 7. Nh hgstmnt`, t`nlrín `j`kth r`trhmktbvh mqu`ffms f`y`s p`nmf`s qu` jmvhr`zkmn mf r`h, munqu` mf `ntrmr `n vbchr eugb`rm r`kmïlh s`nt`nkbm jbro` y `f sua`th `stuvb`s` kuopfb`nlh khnl`nm. @n kmsh l` lulm shgr` fm l`t`robnmkbûn l` fm F`y oís jmvhrmgf`, s`rí hïlh `f r`h. Fhs e`kehs kho`tblhs gmah fm vbc`nkbm l` unm F`y t`ophrmf s`rín auzcmlhs, sbn `ogmrch, khnjhro` m `ffm, smfvh qu` s` lbsphncm `xpr`smo`nt` fh khntrmrbh‟. 0) Yrbnkbpbh l` s`curblml aurïlbkm1 fm mpfbkmkbûn l` fms nhroms `xbc` su pugfbkblml. L`f obsoh ohlh, s` l`kfmrm fm brr`trhmktbvblml l` fms lbsphsbkbhn`s nh jmvhrmgf`s y fms qu` s`mn r`strbktbvms l` l`r`kehs bnlbvblumf`s. :) Yrbnkbpbh l` r`sphnsmgbfblml ` bnt`rlbkkbûn bnt`rlbkkbûn l` fm mrgbtrmrb`lml l` fhs phl`r`s pñgfbkhs1 fm Mlobnbstrmkbûn tmogbân `stí sho`tblm mf bop`rbh l` fm f`y y, kumnlh mktñ` `xk`lb`nlh l` fhs fïobt`s f`cmf`s, s`rí r`sphnsmgf` l` fhs lmýhs y p`raubkbhs qu` kmus` phr `ffh.
7:
`lbthrbmf } k`p
Fm Khnstbtukbûn @spmýhfm l` =235
\Ï\PFH YW@FBOBNMW JHWOM L@F @[\MLH @[YMÝHF1 @stmlh [hkbmf y l`ohkrítbkh l` l`r`keh
ZMFHW@[ [PY@WBHW@[ L@F HWL@NMOB@N\H APWÏLBKH - Fbg`rtml - Austbkbm - Bcumflml - Yfurmfbsoh phfïtbkh
[HG@WMNÏM NMKBHNMF JHWOM YHFÏ\BKM L@F @[\MLH PNBLML L@ FM NMKBÛN @[YMÝHFM R W@KHNHKBOB@N\H L@F L@W@KEH L@ MP\HNHOÏM BLBHOM HJBKBMF1 kmst`ffmnh GMNL@WM HJBKBMF L@F @[\MLH R L@ KMLM KKMM KMYB\MF L@F @[\MLH1 Zbffm l` Omlrbl YMW\BLH[ YHFÏ\BKH[ [BNLBKM\H[ R M[HKBMKBHN@[ @OYW@[MWBMF@[ FM[ JP@WQM[ MWOMLM[ YWBNKBYBH L@ F@CMFBLML R CMWMN\ÏM[ APWÏLBKM[
;. \Ï\PFH B L@ FH[ L@W@KEH[ R L@G@W@[ JPNLMO@N\MF@[ ;.= Kfmsbjbkmkbûn Fhs l`r`kehs y l`g`r`s junlmo`ntmf`s s` r`cufmn `n `f \ïtufh B l` fm Khnstbtukbûn, qu` khob`nzm khn `f mrtïkufh =9 y s` `strukturm ` strukturm `n 0 kmpïtufhs1 - L` fhs `spmýhf`s y fhs `xtrmna`rhs. - L`r`kehs y Fbg`rtml`s, Fbg`rtml`s, (`st` m su v`z khn khn lhs s`kkbhn`s)1 s`kkbhn`s)1 ³
L`r`kehs junlmo`ntmf`s y fbg`rtml`s pñgfbkms.
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73
Ymrt` C`n`rmf. \`om =
³
L`r`kehs y l`g`r`s l` fhs kbulmlmnhs.
- Yrbnkbpbhs W`kthr`s l` fm phfïtbkm shkbmf y `khnûobkm. `khnûobkm. - L` fms cmrmntïms l` fms fbg`rtml`s y l`r`kehs junlmo`ntmf`s. - L` fm susp`nsbûn l` fhs fhs l`r`kehs l`r`kehs y fbg`rtml`s.
M. Mrtïkufh =9 @stmgf`k` khoh junlmo`nth l`f hrl`n phfïtbkh y fm pmz shkbmf1 - Fm lbcnblml l` fm p`rshnm. - Fhs l`r`kehs bnvbhfmgf`s qu` f` shn bne`r`nt`s. - @f r`sp`th m fm f`y y m fhs l`r`kehs l` fhs l`oís. - @f fbgr` l`smrrhffh l` fm p`rshnmfblml. Bcumfo`nt`, `stmgf`k` qu` fms nhroms r`fmtbvms m fhs l`r`kehs junlmo`ntmf`s y m fms fbg`rtml`s qu` fm Khnstbtukbûn r`khnhk` s` bnt`rpr`tmrín l` khnjhroblml khn fm L`kfmrmkbûn Pnbv`rsmf l` L`r`kehs Euomnhs y fhs \rmtmlhs y Mku`rlhs Bnt`rnmkbhnmf`s shgr` fms obsoms omt`rbms rmtbjbkmlhs phr @spmým.
G. Kmpïtufh Yrbo`rh ‖L` fhs `spmýhf`s y `xtrmna`rhs‟ - Mrtïkufh ==1 Nhroms shgr` nmkbhnmfblml. - Mrtïkufh =71 Omyhrïm l` `lml. - Mrtïkufh =;1 L`r`kehs l` fhs `xtrmna`rhs `xtrmna`rhs `n @spmým. @spmým.
K. Kmpïtufh [`cunlh ‖L`r`kehs y fbg`rtml`s‟ - Mrtïkufh =<1 Yrbnkbpbh l` bcumflml mnt` fm F`y. F`y. - [`kkbûn Yrbo`rm1 Yrbo`rm1 L` fhs l`r`kehs junlmo`ntmf`s junlmo`ntmf`s y l` fms fbg`rtml`s fbg`rtml`s pñgfbkms (mrts. (mrts. =0 m 72). - [`kkbûn [`cunlm1 [`cunlm1 L` fhs fhs l`r`kehs y l`g`r`s l` fhs kbulmlmnhs kbulmlmnhs (mrts. (mrts. ;9 m ;5).
L. Kmpïtufh \`rk`rh ‖L` fhs prbnkbpbhs r`kthr`s l` fm phfïtbkm shkbmf y `khnûobkm‟ Khopr`nl` l`sl` `f mrt. ;2 emstm `f mrt. 07, moghs bnkfusbv`.
@. Kmpïtufh Kumrth ‖L` fms cmrmntïms l` fms fbg`rtml`s y l`r`kehs junlmo`ntmf`s‟
75
`lbthrbmf } k`p
Fm Khnstbtukbûn @spmýhfm l` =235
W`khcblms `n fhs mrts. 0; y 0<.
J. Kmpïtufh ]ubnth ‖L` fm susp`nsbûn l` fhs l`r`kehs y fbg`rtml`s‟ fbg` rtml`s‟ [`cñn s` `stmgf`k` `n `f mrt. 00.
@[\WPK\PWM L@F \Ï\PFH B L@ FM KHN[\B\PKBÛN ‖L@ FH[ L@W@KEH[ R L@G@W@[ JPNLMO@N\MF@[‟ \Ï\PFH B1 ‖L@ FH[ L@W@KEH[ R L@G@W@[ JPNLMO@N\MF@[‟ MW\ÏKPFH =91 Fhs l`r`kehs l` fm p`rshnm KMYÏ\PFH B. L` fhs `spmýhf`s y fhs `xtrmna`rhs Mrtïkufh ==1 Nhroms shgr` nmkbhnmfblml Mrtïkufh =71 Omyhrïm l` `lml Mrtïkufh =;1 L`r`kehs l` fhs `xtrmna`rhs `n @spmým KMYÏ\PFH BB. L`r`kehs y fbg`rtml`s. Mrtïkufh =<1 Bcumflml mnt` fm F`y [`kkbûn B. L` fhs l`r`kehs junlmo`ntmf`s y l` fms fbg`rtml`s pñgfbkms
Mrts. =0 mf 72
[`kkbûn BB. L` fhs l`r`kehs y l`g`r`s l` fhs kbulmlmnhs
Mrts. ;9 mf ;5
KMYÏ\PFH BBB. L` fhs prbnkbpbhs r`kthr`s l` fm phfïtbkm shkbmf y `khnûobkm Mrts. ;2 mf 07 KMYÏ\PFH BZ. L` fms cmrmntïms l` fms fbg`rtml`s y l`r`kehs junlmo`ntmf`s Mrts. 0; y 0< KMYÏ\PFH Z. L` fm susp`nsbûn l` fhs l`r`kehs y fbg`rtml`s Mrt. 00
;.7 Austbjbkmkbûn y junlmo`nth @f fbgr` `a`rkbkbh l` fhs l`r`kehs y l`g`r`s junlmo`ntmf`s `s pr`supu`sth l` fm l`ohkrmkbm y khnlbkbûn y jbn l` un râcbo`n khnstbtukbhnmf. Fm l`j`nsm l` `sths l`r`kehs em l` s`r unm jbnmfblml `s`nkbmf l`f sbst`om. Yhr `ffh, `f \ïtufh B l` fm Khnstbtukbûn fhs r`khc` mopfbmo`nt`, lhtínlhfhs ml`oís l` un khnaunth l` cmrmntïms y o`lbhs l` l`j`nsm `sp`kbmf`s.
`lbthrbmf } k`p
72
Ymrt` C`n`rmf. \`om =
;.; @nuo`rmkbûn M. L` fhs `spmýhf`s y `xtrmna`rhs (Kmpïtufh prbo`rh) m. Nhroms shgr` nmkbhnmfblml y omyhrïm l` `lml (mrt. == y =7) Fm nmkbhnmfblml `spmýhfm s` mlqub`r`, s` khns`rvm y s` pb`rl` l` mku`rlh khn fh `stmgf`kblh phr fm f`y. Nbncñn `spmýhf l` hrbc`n phlrí s`r prbvmlh l` su nmkbhnmfblml. @f @stmlh phlrí khnk`rtmr trmtmlhs l` lhgf` nmkbhnmfblml khn fhs pmïs`s bg`rhmo`rbkmnhs h khn mqu`ffhs qu` emymn t`nblh h t`ncmn unm pmrtbkufmr vbnkufmkbûn khn @spmým. @n `sths obsohs pmïs`s, mun kumnlh nh r`khnhzkmn m sus kbulmlmnhs un l`r`keh r`kïprhkh, phlrín nmturmfbzmrs` fhs `spmýhf`s sbn p`rl`r phr `ffh su nmkbhnmfblml l` hrbc`n. Fhs `spmýhf`s shn omyhr`s l` `lml m fhs =5 mýhs.
\ho` nhtm ]u`lmn `xkfublhs l` fm `xtrmlbkbûn fhs l`fbths phfïtbkhs, nh khnsbl`rínlhs` khoh tmf`s fhs mkths l` t`rrhrbsoh.
g. L` fhs `xtrmna`rhs (mrt. =;) Fhs `xtrmna`rhs chzmrín `n @spmým l` fms fbg`rtml`s pñgfbkms qu` cmrmntbzm `f \ïtufh B l` fm Khnstbtukbûn `n fhs târobnhs qu` `stmgf`zkmn fhs trmtmlhs y fm f`y. [hfmo`nt` fhs `spmýhf`s s`rín tbtufmr`s l` fhs l`r`kehs r`khnhkblhs `n `f mrt. 7;, smfvh fh qu`, mt`nlb`nlh m krbt`rbhs l` r`kbprhkblml, pu`lm `stmgf`k`rs` phr trmtmlh h f`y pmrm `f l`r`keh l` sujrmcbh mktbvh y pmsbvh `n fms `f`kkbhn`s ounbkbpmf`s. Fm `xtrmlbkbûn shfh s` khnk`l`rí `n kuopfbob`nth l` un trmtmlh h l` fm f`y, mt`nlb`nlh mf prbnkbpbh l` r`kbprhkblml. Fm f`y `stmgf`k`rí fhs târobnhs `n qu` fhs kbulmlmnhs l` htrhs pmïs`s y fhs mpítrblms phlrín chzmr l`f l`r`keh l` msbfh `n @spmým.
;9
`lbthrbmf } k`p
Fm Khnstbtukbûn @spmýhfm l` =235
G. L`r`kehs y fbg`rtml`s (Kmpïtufh (Kmpïtufh s`cunlh) s`cunlh) m. L`r`keh m fm bcumflml (mrt. =<) Fhs `spmýhf`s shn bcumf`s mnt` fm f`y, sbn qu` pu`lm pr`vmf`k`r lbskrbobnmkbûn mfcunm phr rmzûn l` nmkbob`nth, rmzm, s`xh, r`fbcbûn, hpbnbûn h kumfqub`r htrm khnlbkbûn h kbrkunstmnkbm p`rshnmf h shkbmf.
g. L` fhs L`r`kehs junlmo`ntmf`s y fbg`rtml`s pñgfbkms ([`kkbûn =ª) • L`r`keh m fm vblm (mrt. =0) =0) - \hlhs tb`n`n l`r`keh l`r`keh m fm vblm y m fm bnt`crblml jïsbkm y ohrmf, sbn qu` `n nbncñn nbncñn kmsh pu`lmn s`r sho`tblhs m thrturm nb m p`nms h trmths bneuomnhs h l`crmlmnt`s. - ]u`lm mghfblm fm p`nm l` ou`rt`, smfvh fh qu` pu`lmn lbsphn`r fms f`y`s p`nmf`s obfbtmr`s pmrm tb`ophs l` cu`rrm (Yhr fm F`y Hrcínbkm ==/=220, l` 73 l` nhvb`ogr`, s` mghfbû fm p`nm l` ou`rt` `n tb`oph l` cu`rrm).
• Fbg`rtml bl`hfûcbkm, bl`hfûcbkm, r`fbcbhsm y l` kufth (mrt. =:) =:) - [` cmrmntbzm fm fbg`rtml bl`hfûcbkm, bl`hfûcbkm, r`fbcbhsm y l` kufth l` fhs fhs bnlbvbluhs y fms khounblmkhounblml`s sbn oís fbobtmkbûn, `n sus omnbj`stmkbhn`s, qu` fm n`k`smrbm pmrm `f omnt`nbob`nth l`f hrl`n pñgfbkh prht`cblh phr fm f`y. - Nmlb` phlrí phlrí s`r hgfbcmlh m l`kfmrmr shgr` su bl`hfhcïm, r`fbcbûn r`fbcbûn h kr``nkbms. - Nbncunm khnj`sbûn t`nlrí kmríkt`r `stmtmf. Fhs phl`r`s pñgfbkhs t`nlrín `n ku`ntm fms kr``nkbms r`fbcbhsms l` fm shkb`lml `spmýhfm y omnt`nlrín fms khnsbcub`nt`s r`fmkbhn`s l` khhp`rmkbûn khn fm Bcf`sbm Kmtûfbkm y fms l`oís khnj`sbhn`s.
• L`r`keh m fm fbg`rtml p`rshnmf p`rshnmf y m fm s`curblml (mrt. =3) =3) - \hlm p`rshnm tb`n` l`r`keh m fm fbg`rtml y m fm s`curblml. Nmlb` pu`l` s`r prbvmlh l` su fbg`rtml, sbnh khn fm hgs`rvmnkbm l` fh `stmgf`kblh `n `st` mrtïkufh y `n fhs kmshs y `n fm jhrom pr`vbsths `n fm f`y. - Fm l`t`nkbûn pr`v`ntbvm nh phlrí lurmr oís l`f tb`oph `strbktmo`nt` `strbktmo`nt` n`k`smrbh pmrm fm r`mfbzmkbûn l` fms mv`rbcumkbhn`s t`nl`nt`s mf `skfmr`kbob`nth l` fhs e`kehs y, `n thlh kmsh, `n `f pfmzh oíxboh l` s`t`ntm y lhs ehrms, `f l`t`nblh l`g`rí s`r pu`sth `n fbg`rtml h m lbsphsbkbûn l` fm muthrblml aulbkbmf. - \hlm p`rshnm l`t`nblm l`g` s`r bnjhromlm l` jhrom bno`lbmtm, y l` ohlh qu` f` s`m khopr`nsbgf`, l` sus l`r`kehs y l` fms rmzhn`s l` su l`t`nkbûn, nh pulb`nlh s`r hgfbcmlm m l`kfmrmr. [` cmrmntbzm fm msbst`nkbm l` mghcmlh mf l`t`nblh `n fms lbfbc`nkbms phfbkbmf`s y aulbkbmf`s, `n fhs târobnhs qu` qu` fm f`y `stmgf`zkm. - Fm f`y r`cufmrí r`cufmrí un prhk`lbob`nth l` ‖emg`ms khrpus‟ pmrm pmrm prhlukbr fm bno`lbmtm pu`stm m lbsphsbkbûn aulbkbmf l` thlm p`rshnm l`t`nblm bf`cmfo`nt`. Msbobsoh, phr f`y s` l`t`robnmrí `f pfmzh oíxboh l` lurmkbûn l` fm f m prbsbûn prhvbsbhnmf.
`lbthrbmf } k`p
;=
Ymrt` C`n`rmf. \`om =
@f mrt. =3.< l` fm Khnstbtukbûn em sblh l`smrrhffmlh phr fm F.H. :/=25<, l` 7< l` omyh, l` r`cufmkbûn l`f prhk`lbob`nth l` Emg`ms Khrpus.
• L`r`keh mf ehnhr, m fm bntboblml bntboblml p`rshnmf y jmobfbmr jmobfbmr y m fm prhpbm bomc`n (mrt. =5) - [` cmrmntbzm `f l`r`keh mf ehnhr, ehnhr, m fm bntboblml bntboblml p`rshnmf y jmobfbmr y m fm prhpbm bomc`n. bomc`n. - @f lhobkbfbh `s bnvbhfmgf`. bnvbhfmgf`. Nbncunm `ntrmlm `ntrmlm h r`cbstrh phlrí emk`rs` `n `f sbn khns`ntbkhns`ntbob`nth l` su tbtufmr h r`shfukbûn aulbkbmf, smfvh `n kmshs l` jfmcrmnt` l`fbth. - [` cmrmntbzm `f s`kr`th l` l` fms khounbkmkbhn`s khounbkmkbhn`s y, `n `sp`kbmf, `sp`kbmf, l` fms phstmf`s, t`f`críjbkms t`f`críjbkms y t`f`jûnbkms, smfvh r`shfukbûn aulbkbmf. - Fm f`y fbobtmrí `f ush l` fm bnjhroítbkm bnjhroítbkm pmrm cmrmntbzmr cmrmntbzmr `f ehnhr ehnhr y fm bntboblml bntboblml p`rshnmf y jmobfbmr l` fhs kbulmlmnhs y `f pf`nh `a`rkbkbh l` sus l`r`kehs.
• Fbg`rtml l` r`sbl`nkbm r`sbl`nkbm y l` kbrkufmkbûn kbrkufmkbûn (mrt. =2) =2) Fhs `spmýhf`s tb`n`n l`r`keh m `f`cbr fbgr`o`nt` su r`sbl`nkbm y m kbrkufmr phr `f t`rrbthrbh nmkbhnmf. Msbobsoh, Msbobsoh, tb`n`n l`r`keh m `ntrmr y smfbr fbgr`o`nt` l` @spmým, `n fhs târobnhs qu` fm f`y `stmgf`zkm. @st` l`r`keh nh phlrí s`r fbobtmlh phr ohtbvhs phfïtbkhs h bl`hfûcbkhs.
• Fbg`rtml l` `xpr`sbûn (mrt. 79) [` r`khnhk`n y prht`c`n fhs l`r`kehs1 m) M `xpr`smr y lbjunlbr fbgr`o`nt` fhs p`nsmob`nths, bl`ms y hpbnbhn`s hpbnbhn`s o`lbmnt` fm pmfmgrm, `f `skrbth h kumfqub`r htrh o`lbh l` r`prhlukkbûn. g) M fm prhlukkbûn y kr`mkbûn kr`mkbûn fbt`rmrbm, mrtïstbkm, mrtïstbkm, kb`ntïjbkm y tâknbkm. k) M fm fbg`rtml l` kít`lrm. l) M khounbkmr h r`kbgbr fbgr`o`nt` bnjhromkbûn v`rmz phr kumfqub`r o`lbh l` lbjusbûn. Fm f`y r`cufmrí `f l`r`keh m fm kfíusufm l` khnkb`nkbm y mf s`kr`th prhj`sbhnmf `n `f `a`rkbkbh l` `stms fbg`rtml`s. @f `a`rkbkbh l` `sths l`r`kehs nh pu`l` r`strbncbrs` o`lbmnt` nbncñn tbph l` k`nsurm pr`vbm. Fm f`y r`cufmrí fm hrcmnbzmkbûn y `f khntrhf pmrfmo`ntmrbh l` fhs o`lbhs l` khounbkmkbûn shkbmf l`p`nlb`nt`s l`f @stmlh h l` kumfqub`r `nt` pñgfbkh y cmrmntbzmrí `f mkk`sh m lbkehs o`lbhs l` fhs cruphs shkbmf`s y phfïtbkhs sbcnbjbkmtbvhs, r`sp`tmnlh `f pfurmfbsoh l` fm shkb`lml y l` fms lbv`rsms f`ncums l` @spmým. @stms fbg`rtml`s tb`n`n su fïobt` `n `f r`sp`th m fhs l`r`kehs r`khnhkblhs `n `st` \ïtufh, `n fhs pr`k`pths l` fms f`y`s qu` fh l`smrrhff`n y, `sp`kbmfo`nt`, `n `f l`r`keh mf ehnhr, m fm bntboblml, m fm prhpbm bomc`n y m fm prht`kkbûn l` fm auv`ntul y l` fm bnjmnkbm. [hfh phlrí mkhrlmrs` `f s`ku`strh l` pugfbkmkbhn`s, crmgmkbhn`s y htrhs o`lbhs l` bnjhromkbûn `n vbrtul l` r`shfukbûn aulbkbmf.
;7
`lbthrbmf } k`p
Fm Khnstbtukbûn @spmýhfm l` =235
• L`r`keh l` r`unbûn (mrt. 7=) [` r`khnhk` `f l`r`keh l` r`unbûn pmkïjbkm y sbn mroms. @f `a`rkbkbh l` `st` l`r`keh nh n`k`sbtmrí muthrbzmkbûn pr`vbm. @n fhs kmshs l` r`unbhn`s `n fucmr`s l` trínsbth pñgfbkh y omnbj`stmkbhn`s s` lmrí khounbkmkbûn pr`vbm m fm muthrblml, qu` shfh phlrí prhebgbrfms kumnlh `xbstmn rmzhn`s junlmlms l` mft`rmkbûn l`f hrl`n pñgfbkh, khn p`fbcrh pmrm p`rshnms h gb`n`s.
• L`r`keh l` mshkbmkbûn (mrt. (mrt. 77) - [` r`khnhk` `f l`r`keh l` mshkbmkbûn. - Fms mshkbmkbhn`s mshkbmkbhn`s qu` p`rsbcmn p`rsbcmn jbn`s h utbfbk`n o`lbhs tbpbjbkmlhs tbpbjbkmlhs khoh l`fbth shn bf`cmf`s. - Fms mshkbmkbhn`s mshkbmkbhn`s khnstbtublms mf mopmrh l` `st` mrtïkufh mrtïkufh l`g`rín bnskrbgbrs` `n un r`cbstrh m fhs shfhs `j`kths l` pugfbkblml. - Fms mshkbmkbhn`s mshkbmkbhn`s shfh phlrín s`r lbsu`ftms h susp`nlblms `n sus mktbvblml`s `n vbrtul l` r`shfukbûn aulbkbmf ohtbvmlm. - [` prheïg`n fms mshkbmkbhn`s mshkbmkbhn`s s`kr`tms s`kr`tms y fms l` kmríkt`r pmrmobfbtmr.
• L`r`keh l` pmrtbkbpmkbûn pmrtbkbpmkbûn (mrt. 7;) Fhs kbulmlmnhs tb`n`n `f l`r`keh m pmrtbkbpmr `n fhs msunths pñgfbkhs, lbr`ktmo`nt` h phr o`lbh l` r`pr`s`ntmnt`s, fbgr`o`nt` `f`cblhs `n `f`kkbhn`s p`rbûlbkms phr sujrmcbh unbv`rsmf. Msbobsoh, tb`n`n l`r`keh m mkk`l`r `n khnlbkbhn`s l` bcumflml m fms junkbhn`s y kmrchs pñgfbkhs, khn fhs r`qubsbths qu` s`ýmf`n fms f`y`s.
• L`r`keh m fm tut`fm aulbkbmf (mrt. 7<) - \hlms fms p`rshnms p`rshnms tb`n`n l`r`keh m hgt`n`r fm tut`fm `j`ktbvm l` fhs au`k`s y trbgunmf`s `n `f `a`rkbkbh l` sus l`r`kehs ` bnt`r`s`s f`cïtbohs, sbn qu`, `n nbncñn kmsh, pu`lm prhlukbrs` bnl`j`nsbûn. - Msbobsoh, thlhs thlhs tb`n`n l`r`keh l`r`keh mf Au`z hrlbnmrbh pr`l`t`robnmlh pr`l`t`robnmlh phr phr fm f`y, m fm l`j`nsm l`j`nsm y m fm msbst`nkbm l` f`trmlh, m s`r bnjhromlhs l` fm mkusmkbûn jhroufmlm khntrm `ffhs, m un prhk`sh pñgfbkh sbn lbfmkbhn`s bnl`gblms y khn thlms fms cmrmntïms, m utbfbzmr fhs o`lbhs l` pru`gm p`rtbn`nt`s pmrm su l`j`nsm, m nh l`kfmrmr khntrm sï obsohs, m nh khnj`smrs` kufpm gf`s y m fm pr`sunkbûn l` bnhk`nkbm. bnhk`nkbm. - Fm f`y r`cufmrí r`cufmrí fhs kmshs kmshs `n qu`, phr rmzûn l` pmr`nt`skh h l` s`kr`th s`kr`th prhj`sbhnmf, nh s` `stmrí hgfbcmlh m l`kfmrmr shgr` e`kehs pr`suntmo`nt` l`fbktbvhs.
• Yrbnkbpbh l` f`cmfblml f`cmfblml p`nmf (mrt. 70) - Nmlb` pu`l` s`r khnl`nmlh h smnkbhnmlh phr mkkbhn`s mkkbhn`s u hobsbhn`s qu` `n `f oho`nth oho`nth l` prhlukbrs` nh khnstbtuymn l`fbth, jmftm h bnjrmkkbûn mlobnbstrmtbvm, s`cñn fm f`cbsfmkbûn vbc`nt` `n mqu`f oho`nth. - Fms p`nms prbvmtbvms prbvmtbvms l` fbg`rtml y fms o`lblms l` l` s`curblml `stmrín `stmrín hrb`ntmlms hrb`ntmlms emkbm fm r``lukmkbûn y r`bns`rkbûn shkbmf y nh phlrín khnsbstbr `n trmgmahs jhrzmlhs. @f khnl`nmlh m `lbthrbmf } k`p
;;
Ymrt` C`n`rmf. \`om =
p`nm l` prbsbûn qu` `stuvb`r` kuopfb`nlh fm obsom chzmrí l` fhs l`r`kehs junlmo`ntmf`s l` `st` Kmpïtufh, m `xk`pkbûn l` fhs qu` s` v`mn `xpr`smo`nt` fbobtmlhs phr `f khnt`nblh l`f jmffh khnl`nmthrbh, `f s`ntblh l` fm p`nm y fm f`y p`nbt`nkbmrbm. @n thlh kmsh, t`nlrí l`r`keh m un trmgmah r`oun`rmlh y m fhs g`n`jbkbhs khrr`sphnlb`nt`s l` fm [`curblml [hkbmf, msï khoh mf mkk`sh m fm kufturm y mf l`smrrhffh bnt`crmf l` su p`rshnmfblml. - Fm Mlobnbstrmkbûn Mlobnbstrmkbûn kbvbf nh phlrí bophn`r smnkbhn`s qu`, lbr`ktm h sugsblbmrbmo`nt`, sugsblbmrbmo`nt`, bopfbqu`n prbvmkbûn l` fbg`rtml.
• Yrhebgbkbûn l` fhs fhs \rbgunmf`s l` Ehnhr Ehnhr (mrt. 7:) [` prheïg`n `n `f íogbth l` fm Mlobnbstrmkbûn kbvbf y l` fms hrcmnbzmkbhn`s prhj`sbhnmf`s.
• L`r`keh m fm `lukmkbûn `lukmkbûn y fbg`rtml l` `ns`ýmnzm (mrt. (mrt. 73) - \hlhs tb`n`n `f l`r`keh m fm `lukmkbûn. `lukmkbûn. [` r`khnhk` fm fbg`rtml l` `ns`ýmnzm. - Fm `lukmkbûn t`nlrí phr hga`th `f pf`nh l`smrrhffh l` fm p`rshnmfblml euomnm `n `f r`sp`th m fhs prbnkbpbhs l`ohkrítbkhs l` khnvbv`nkbm y m fhs l`r`kehs y fbg`rtml`s junlmo`ntmf`s. - Fhs phl`r`s pñgfbkhs pñgfbkhs cmrmntbzmn `f l`r`keh qu` qu` msbst` m fhs pmlr`s pmrm qu` qu` sus ebahs r`kb gmn fm jhromkbûn r`fbcbhsm r`fbcbhsm y ohrmf qu` `stâ l` mku`rlh mku`rlh khn sus prhpbms prhpbms khnvbkkbhn`s. - Fm `ns`ýmnzm gísbkm `s hgfbcmthrbm y crmtubtm. - Fhs phl`r`s pñgfbkhs cmrmntbzmn cmrmntbzmn `f l`r`keh l`r`keh l` thlhs thlhs m fm `lukmkbûn, o`lbmnt` o`lbmnt` unm prhcrmomkbûn c`n`rmf l` fm `ns`ýmnzm, khn pmrtbkbpmkbûn `j`ktbvm l` thlhs fhs s`kthr`s mj`ktmlhs y fm kr`mkbûn l` k`ntrhs lhk`nt`s. - [` r`khnhk` m fms p`rshnms p`rshnms jïsbkms y aurïlbkms fm fbg`rtml fbg`rtml l` kr`mkbûn kr`mkbûn l` k`ntrhs k`ntrhs lhk`nt`s, l`ntrh l`f r`sp`th m fhs prbnkbpbhs khnstbtukbhnmf`s. - Fhs prhj`shr`s, fhs pmlr`s y, `n su kmsh, fhs mfuonhs mfuonhs bnt`rv`nlrín bnt`rv`nlrín `n `f khntrhf khntrhf y c`stbûn l` thlhs fhs k`ntrhs shst`nblhs phr fm Mlobnbstrmkbûn khn jhnlhs pñgfbkhs, `n fhs târobnhs qu` fm f`y `stmgf`zkm. - Fhs phl`r`s pñgfbkhs bnsp`kkbhnmrín bnsp`kkbhnmrín y ehohfhcmrín `f sbst`om `lukmtbvh pmrm cmrmntbzmr `f kuopfbob`nth l` fms f`y`s. - Fhs phl`r`s pñgfbkhs myulmrín myulmrín m fhs fhs k`ntrhs lhk`nt`s qu` r`ñnmn fhs r`qubsbths qu` fm f`y `stmgf`zkm. - [` r`khnhk` fm muthnhoïm muthnhoïm l` fms Pnbv`rsblml`s, `n fhs târobnhs târobnhs qu` fm f`y `stmgf`zkm. `stmgf`zkm.
• L`r`keh l` sbnlbkmkbûn sbnlbkmkbûn y l` eu`fcm eu`fcm (mrt. 75) 75) - \hlhs tb`n`n l`r`keh m sbnlbkmrs` fbgr`o`nt`. fbgr`o`nt`. Fm f`y phlrí fbobtmr h `xk`ptumr `f `a`rkbkbh l` `st` l`r`keh m fms Ju`rzms h Bnstbtuths mromlhs h m fhs l`oís Ku`rphs sho`tblhs m lbskbpfbnm obfbtmr y r`cufmrí fms p`kufbmrblml`s l` su `a`rkbkbh pmrm fhs junkbhnmrbhs pñgfbkhs. Fm fbg`rtml sbnlbkmf khopr`nl` `f l`r`keh m junlmr sbnlbkmths y m mjbfbmrs` mf l` su `f`kkbûn, msï khoh `f l`r`keh l` fhs sbnlbkmths m jhromr khnj`l`rmkbhn`s y m jhromr hrcm-
;<
`lbthrbmf } k`p
Fm Khnstbtukbûn @spmýhfm l` =235
nbzmkbhn`s sbnlbkmf`s bnt`rnmkbhnmf`s h m mjbfbmrs` m fms obsoms. Nmlb` phlrí s`r hgfbcmlh m mjbfbmrs` m un sbnlbkmth. - [` r`khnhk` `f l`r`keh m fm eu`fcm l` fhs trmgmamlhr`s trmgmamlhr`s pmrm fm l`j`nsm l` sus bnt`r`s`s. bnt`r`s`s. Fm f`y qu` r`cuf` `f `a`rkbkbh l` `st` l`r`keh `stmgf`k`rí fms cmrmntïms pr`kbsms pmrm ms`curmr `f omnt`nbob`nth l` fhs s`rvbkbhs `s`nkbmf`s l` fm khounblml.
• L`r`keh l` p`tbkbûn (mrt. (mrt. 72) \hlhs fhs `spmýhf`s tb`n`n `f l`r`keh l` p`tbkbûn bnlbvblumf y khf`ktbvm, phr `skrbth, `n fm jhrom y khn fhs `j`kths qu` l`t`robn` fm f`y. Fhs ob`ogrhs l` fms Ju`rzms h Bnstbtuths mromlhs h l` fhs Ku`rphs sho`tblhs m lbskbpfbnm obfbtmr phlrín `a`rk`rfh shfh bnlbvblumfo`nt` y khn mrr`cfh m fh lbspu`sth `n su f`cbsfmkbûn `sp`kïjbkm.
k. L` fhs l`r`kehs y l`g`r`s l` fhs kbulmlmnhs ([`kkbûn 7ª) • L` kmríkt`r kmríkt`r shkbmf shkbmf - \hlhs fhs `spmýhf`s `spmýhf`s tb`n`n `f l`g`r l` trmgmamr y l`r`keh mf trmgmah, m fm fbgr` `f`kkbûn l` prhj`sbûn u hjbkbh, m fm prhohkbûn m trmvâs l`f trmgmah y m unm r`oun`rmkbûn sujbkb`nt` pmrm smtbsjmk`r sus n`k`sblml`s y fms l` su jmobfbm, sbn qu` `n nbncñn kmsh pu`lm emk`rs` lbskrbobnmkbûn phr rmzûn l` s`xh (mrt. ;0). - \hlhs khntrbgubrín khntrbgubrín mf shst`nbob`nth shst`nbob`nth l` fhs cmsths pñgfbkhs l` mku`rlh mku`rlh khn su kmpmkblml `khnûobkm o`lbmnt` un sbst`om trbgutmrbh austh bnspbrmlh `n fhs prbnkbpbhs l` bcumflml y prhcr`sbvblml qu`, `n nbncñn kmsh, t`nlrí mfkmnk` khnjbskmthrbh (mrt. ;=). - Fm f`y cmrmntbzmrí cmrmntbzmrí `f l`r`keh m fm n`chkbmkbûn n`chkbmkbûn khf`ktbvm khf`ktbvm fmghrmf `ntr` `ntr` fhs r`pr`s`ntmnt`s r`pr`s`ntmnt`s l` fhs trmgmamlhr`s y `opr`smrbhs, msï khoh fm ju`rzm vbnkufmnt` l` fhs khnv`nbhs. [` r`khnhk` `f l`r`keh l` fhs trmgmamlhr`s y `opr`smrbhs m mlhptmr o`lblms l` khnjfbkth khf`ktbvh. Fm f`y qu` r`cuf` `f `a`rkbkbh l` `st` l`r`keh, sbn p`raubkbh l` fms fbobtmkbhn`s qu` pu`lmn `stmgf`k`r, bnkfubrí fms cmrmntïms pr`kbsms pmrm ms`curmr `f junkbhnmob`nth l` fhs s`rvbkbhs `s`nkbmf`s l` fm khounblml (mrt. ;3). - [` r`khnhk` fm fbg`rtml l` `opr`sm, `n `f omrkh l` fm `khnhoïm l` o`rkmlh. Fhs phl`r`s pñgfbkhs cmrmntbzmn y prht`c`n su `a`rkbkbh y fm l`j`nsm l` fm prhluktbvblml, l` mku`rlh khn fms `xbc`nkbms l` fm `khnhoïm c`n`rmf y, `n su kmsh, l` fm pfmnbjbkmkbûn (mrt. ;5).
• L` kmríkt`r kmríkt`r p`rshnmf p`rshnmf - @f ehogr` y fm oua`r tb`n`n l`r`keh m khntrm`r omtrbohnbh khn khn pf`nm bcumflml bcumflml aurïlbkm (mrt. ;7). - [` r`khnhk` `f l`r`keh m fm prhpb`lml prbvmlm prbvmlm y m fm e`r`nkbm. Fm junkbûn junkbûn shkbmf l` l` `sths l`r`kehs l`fbobtmrí su khnt`nblh, l` mku`rlh khn fms f`y`s. Nmlb` phlrí s`r prbvmlh l` sus gb`n`s y l`r`kehs sbnh phr kmusm austbjbkmlm l` utbfblml pñgfbkm h bnt`râs shkbmf, o`lbmnt` fm khrr`sphnlb`nt` bnl`onbzmkbûn y l` khnjhroblml khn fh lbspu`sth phr fms f`y`s (mrt. ;;). `lbthrbmf } k`p
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Ymrt` C`n`rmf. \`om =
- [` r`khnhk` `f l`r`keh l` junlmkbûn junlmkbûn pmrm jbn`s l` bnt`râs c`n`rmf khn mrr`cfh m fm F`y (mrt. ;<).
• L` kmríkt`r kmríkt`r c`n`rmf c`n`rmf - L`r`keh y l`g`r l` l`j`nl`r @spmým (mrt. ;9.=)1 ‖Fhs `spmýhf`s tb`n`n `f l`r`keh y `f l`g`r l` l`j`nl`r m @spmým‟. - L`r`keh m fm hga`kbûn l` khnkb`nkbm khnkb`nkbm (mrt. ;9.7)1 ‖Fm f`y jbamrí fms hgfbcmkbhn`s hgfbcmkbhn`s obfbtmr`s l` fhs `spmýhf`s y r`cufmrí, khn fms l`gblms cmrmntïms, fm hga`kbûn l` khnkb`nkbm, msï khoh fms l`oís kmusms l` `x`nkbûn l`f s`rvbkbh obfbtmr hgfbcmthrbh, pulb`nlh bophn`r, `n su kmsh, unm pr`stmkbûn shkbmf sustbtuthrbm‟. - L`g`r`s `n kmsh l` rb`sch, kmtístrhj` kmtístrhj` h kmfmoblml pñgfbkm (mrt. ;9.<)1 ‖O`lbmnt` f`y phlrín r`cufmrs` fhs l`g`r`s l` fhs kbulmlmnhs `n fhs kmshs l` crmv` rb`sch, kmtístrhj` h kmfmoblml pñgfbkm‟.
L@W@KEH[ JPNLMO@N\MF@[ R FBG@W\ML@[ YÑGFBKM[ - L`r`keh m fm vblm - Fbg`rtml l` r`sbl`nkbm y kbrkufmkbûn - L`r`keh l` r`unbûn - Yrbnkbpbh l` f`cmfblml p`nmf - L`r`keh m fm fbg`rtml p`rshnmf y m fm s`curblml - L`r`keh l` pmrtbkbpmkbûn - L`r`keh m fm `lukmkbûn y fbg`rtml l` `ns`ýmnzm `ns`ýmnzm - L`r`keh l` sbnlbkmkbûn y eu`fcm - Fbg`rtml l` `xpr`sbûn - Fbg`rtml bl`hfûcbkm, r`fbcbhsm y l` kufth - L`r`keh l` mshkbmkbûn - L`r`keh m fm tut`fm aulbkbmf - Yrhebgbkbûn l` fhs \rbgunmf`s l` Ehnhr - L`r`keh l` p`tbkbûn - L`r`keh mf ehnhr, m fm bntboblml p`rshnmf y jmobfbmr y m fm prhpbm bomc`n
L@W@KEH[ R L@G@W@[ L@ FH[ KBPLMLMNH[ - L` kmríkt`r shkbmf - L` kmríkt`r p`rshnmf - L` kmríkt`r c`n`rmf
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`lbthrbmf } k`p
Fm Khnstbtukbûn @spmýhfm l` =235
K. Yrbnkbpbhs r`kthr`s l` fm phfïtbkm shkbmf y `khnûobkm (Kmpïtufh t`rk`rh) m. Yrht`kkbûn m fm jmobfbm y m fm bnjmnkbm (mrt. ;2) Fhs phl`r`s pñgfbkhs ms`curmn fm prht`kkbûn shkbmf, `khnûobkm y aurïlbkm l` fm jmobfbm. Fhs phl`r`s pñgfbkhs ms`curmn, msbobsoh, fm prht`kkbûn bnt`crmf l` fhs ebahs, bcumf`s `sths mnt` fm f`y khn bnl`p`nl`nkbm l` su jbfbmkbûn, y l` fms omlr`s, kumfqub`rm qu` s`m su `stmlh kbvbf. Fm f`y phsbgbfbtmrí fm bnv`stbcmkbûn l` fm pmt`rnblml. Fhs pmlr`s l`g`n pr`stmr msbst`nkbm l` thlh hrl`n m fhs ebahs emgblhs l`ntrh h ju`rm l`f omtrbohnbh, lurmnt` su obnhrïm l` `lml y `n fhs l`oís kmshs `n qu` f`cmfo`nt` prhk`lm. Fhs nbýhs chzmrín l` fm prht`kkbûn pr`vbstm `n fhs mku`rlhs bnt`rnmkbhnmf`s qu` v`fmn phr sus l`r`kehs.
g. Yrhcr`sh shkbmf y `khnûobkh. Yhfïtbkm fmghrmf (mrt. <9) Fhs phl`r`s pñgfbkhs prhohv`rín fms khnlbkbhn`s jmvhrmgf`s pmrm `f prhcr`sh shkbmf y `khnûobkh y pmrm unm lbstrbgukbûn l` fm r`ntm r`cbhnmf y p`rshnmf oís `qubtmtbvm, `n `f omrkh l` unm phfïtbkm l` `stmgbfblml `khnûobkm. L` omn`rm `sp`kbmf r`mfbzmrín unm phfïtbkm hrb`ntmlm mf pf`nh `opf`h. Msbobsoh, fhs phl`r`s pñgfbkhs jho`ntmrín unm phfïtbkm qu` cmrmntbk` fm jhromkbûn y r`mlmptmkbûn prhj`sbhnmf`s4 v`fmrín phr fm s`curblml ` ebcb`n` `n `f trmgmah y cmrmntbzmrín `f l`skmnsh n`k`smrbh, o`lbmnt` fm fbobtmkbûn l` fm ahrnmlm fmghrmf, fms vmkmkbhn`s p`rbûlbkms r`trbgublms y fm prhohkbûn l` k`ntrhs ml`kumlhs.
k. Wâcbo`n pñgfbkh l` [`curblml [hkbmf (mrt. <=) Fhs phl`r`s pñgfbkhs omnt`nlrín un râcbo`n pñgfbkh l` [`curblml [hkbmf pmrm thlhs fhs kbulmlmnhs qu` cmrmntbk` fm msbst`nkbm y pr`stmkbhn`s shkbmf`s sujbkb`nt`s mnt` sbtumkbhn`s l` n`k`sblml, `sp`kbmfo`nt` `n kmsh l` l`s`opf`h. Fm msbst`nkbm y pr`stmkbhn`s khopf`o`ntmrbms s`rín fbgr`s.
l. L`r`kehs l` fhs `obcrmnt`s (mrt. <7) @f @stmlh v`fmrí `sp`kbmfo`nt` phr fm smfvmcumrlbm l` fhs l`r`kehs `khnûobkhs y shkbmf`s l` fhs trmgmamlhr`s `spmýhf`s `n `f `xtrmna`rh y hrb`ntmrí su phfïtbkm emkbm su r`thrnh.
`. Yrht`kkbûn l` fm smful y jho`nth l`f l`phrt` (mrt. <;) [` r`khnhk` `f l`r`keh m fm prht`kkbûn l` fm smful. Khop`t` m fhs phl`r`s pñgfbkhs hrcmnbzmr y tut`fmr fm smful pñgfbkm m trmvâs l` o`lblms pr`v`ntbvms y l` fms pr`stmkbhn`s y s`rvbkbhs n`k`smrbhs. Fm f`y `stmgf`k`rí fhs l`r`kehs y l`g`r`s l` thlhs mf r`sp`kth. Fhs phl`r`s pñgfbkhs jho`ntmrín fm `lukmkbûn smnbtmrbm, fm `lukmkbûn jïsbkm y `f l`phrt`. Msbobsoh, jmkbfbtmrín fm ml`kumlm utbfbzmkbûn l`f hkbh. `lbthrbmf } k`p
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Ymrt` C`n`rmf. \`om =
j. Yrhohkbûn l` fm kufturm, fm kb`nkbm y fm bnv`stbcmkbûn (mrt. <<) Fhs phl`r`s pñgfbkhs prhohv`rín y tut`fmrín `f mkk`sh m fm kufturm, m fm qu` thlhs tb`n`n l`r`keh. Fhs phl`r`s pñgfbkhs prhohv`rín fm kb`nkbm y fm bnv`stbcmkbûn kb`ntïjbkm kb`ntïjbkm y tâknbkm `n g`n`jbkbh l`f bnt`râs c`n`rmf.
c. L`r`keh m lbsjrutmr l`f o`lbh mogb`nt` y m fm kmfblml l` vblm (mrt. <0) \hlhs tb`n`n `f l`r`keh m lbsjrutmr l` un o`lbh mogb`nt` ml`kumlh pmrm `f l`smrrhffh l` fm p`rshnm, msï khoh `f l`g`r l` khns`rvmrfh. Fhs phl`r`s pñgfbkhs v`fmrín phr fm utbfbzmkbûn rmkbhnmf l` thlhs fhs r`kurshs nmturmf`s, khn `f jbn l` prht`c`r y o`ahrmr fm kmfblml l` fm vblm y l`j`nl`r y r`stmurmr `f o`lbh mogb`nt`, mphyínlhs` `n fm bnlbsp`nsmgf` shfblmrblml khf`ktbvm. Ymrm qub`n`s vbhf`n fh lbspu`sth `n `f mpmrtmlh mnt`rbhr, `n fhs târobnhs qu` fm f`y jba` s` `stm gf`k`rín smnkbhn`s p`nmf`s p`nmf`s h, `n su kmsh, mlobnbstrmtbvms, mlobnbstrmtbvms, msï khoh fm hgfbcmkbûn l` r`pmrmr `f lmýh kmusmlh.
e. Khns`rvmkbûn y prhohkbûn l`f pmtrbohnbh ebstûrbkh, kufturmf y mrtïstbkh (mrt. <:) Fhs phl`r`s pñgfbkhs cmrmntbzmrín fm khns`rvmkbûn y prhohv`rín `f `nrbqu`kbob`nth l`f pmtrbohnbh ebstûrbkh, kufturmf y mrtïstbkh l` fhs pu`gfhs l` @spmým y l` fhs gb`n`s qu` fh bnt`crmn, kumfqub`rm qu` s`m su râcbo`n aurïlbkh y su tbtufmrblml. Fm f`y p`nmf smnkbhnmrí fhs mt`ntmlhs khntrm `st` pmtrbohnbh.
b. L`r`keh m unm vbvb`nlm lbcnm y ml`kumlm (mrt. <3) \hlhs fhs `spmýhf`s tb`n`n l`r`keh m lbsjrutmr l` unm vbvb`nlm lbcnm y ml`kumlm. Fhs phl`r`s pñgfbkhs prhohv`rín fms khnlbkbhn`s n`k`smrbms y `stmgf`k`rín fms nhroms p`rtbn`nt`s pmrm emk`r `j`ktbvh `st` l`r`keh, r`cufmnlh fm utbfbzmkbûn l`f su`fh l` mku`rlh khn `f bnt`râs c`n`rmf pmrm bop`lbr fm `sp`kufmkbûn. Fm khounblml pmrtbkbpmrí `n fms pfusvmfïms qu` c`n`r` fm mkkbûn urgmnïstbkm l` fhs `nt`s pñgfbkhs.
a. Yrhohkbûn l` fm pmrtbkbpmkbûn l` fm auv`ntul (mrt. <5) <5 ) Fhs phl`r`s pñgfbkhs prhohv`rín fms khnlbkbhn`s pmrm fm pmrtbkbpmkbûn fbgr` y `jbkmz l` fm auv`ntul `n `f l`smrrhffh l`smrrhffh phfïtbkh, shkbmf, `khnûobkh `khnûobkh y kufturmf.
d. Yrht`kkbûn l` fhs lbsobnublhs jïsbkhs, psïqubkhs y s`nshrbmf`s (mrt. <2) Fhs phl`r`s pñgfbkhs r`mfbzmrín unm phfïtbkm l` pr`vbsbûn, trmtmob`nth, r`emgbfbtmkbûn ` bnt`crmkbûn l` fhs lbsobnublhs jïsbkhs, s`nshrbmf`s y psïqubkhs, m fhs qu` pr`stmrín fm mt`nkbûn ;5
`lbthrbmf } k`p
Fm Khnstbtukbûn @spmýhfm l` =235
`sp`kbmfbzmlm qu` r`qub`rmn y fhs mopmrmrín `sp`kbmfo`nt` pmrm `f lbsjrut` l` fhs l`r`kehs qu` `st` \ïtufh hthrcm m thlhs fhs f hs kbulmlmnhs.
f. Yrht`kkbûn l` fm t`rk`rm `lml (mrt. 09) Fhs phl`r`s pñgfbkhs cmrmntbzmrín, o`lbmnt` p`nsbhn`s ml`kumlms y p`rbûlbkmo`nt` mktumfbzmlms, fm sujbkb`nkbm `khnûobkm m fhs kbulmlmnhs lurmnt` fm t`rk`rm `lml. Msbobsoh, y khn bnl`p`nl`nkbm l` fms hgfbcmkbhn`s jmobfbmr`s, prhohv`rín su gb`n`stmr o`lbmnt` un sbst`om l` s`rvbkbhs shkbmf`s qu` mt`nl`rín sus prhgf`oms `sp`kïjbkhs l` smful, vbvb`nlm, kufturm y hkbh.
o. L`j`nsm l` fhs khnsuoblhr`s y usumrbhs (mrt. 0=) Fhs phl`r`s pñgfbkhs cmrmntbzmrín fm l`j`nsm l` fhs khnsuoblhr`s y usumrbhs, prht`cb`nlh, o`lbmnt` prhk`lbob`nths `jbkmk`s, fm s`curblml, fm smful y fhs f`cïtbohs bnt`r`s`s `khnûobkhs ` khnûobkhs l` fhs obsohs. Fhs phl`r`s pñgfbkhs prhohv`rín fm bnjhromkbûn y fm `lukmkbûn l` fhs khnsuoblhr`s y usumrbhs, jho`ntmrín sus hrcmnbzmkbhn`s y hbrín m `stms `n fms ku`stbhn`s qu` pu`lmn mj`ktmr m mqu`ffhs, `n fhs târobnhs qu` fm f`y `stmgf`zkm. @n `f omrkh l` fh lbspu`sth phr fhs mpmrtmlhs mnt`rbhr`s, fm f`y r`cufmrí `f kho`rkbh bnt`rbhr y `f râcbo`n l` muthrbzmkbûn l` prhlukths kho`rkbmf`s.
n. Hrcmnbzmkbhn`s prhj`sbhnmf`s (mrt. 07) Fm f`y r`cufmrí fms hrcmnbzmkbhn`s prhj`sbhnmf`s qu` khntrbguymn m fm l`j`nsm l` fhs bnt`r`s`s `khnûobkhs qu` f`s s`mn prhpbhs. [u `strukturm bnt`rnm y junkbhnmob`nth l`g`rín s`r l`ohkrítbkhs.
;.< Cmrmntïms y susp`nsbûn M. Cmrmntïms l` fms fbg`rtml`s y l`r`kehs l`r`kehs junlmo`ntmf`s m. C`n`rmfblml`s Fm Khnstbtukbûn `spmýhfm nh s` fbobtm `n su \ïtufh B m r`khnhk`r unm s`rb` l` l`r`kehs y fbg`rtml`s p`rshnmf`s, pñgfbkhs y `khnûobkh-shkbmf`s, sbnh qu` ml`oís `stmgf`k` unm s`rb` l` o`kmnbsohs lbrbcblhs m cmrmntbzmr `f r`sp`th l` `sths l`r`kehs, tmnth phr pmrt` l` fhs phl`r`s pñgfbkhs khoh phr pmrt` l` fhs l`oís kbulmlmnhs. Fm Khnstbtukbûn emk` unm lbstbnkbûn `ntr` fhs l`r`kehs y fbg`rtml`s junlmo`ntmf`s (jhromlhs gísbkmo`nt` phr fhs l`r`kehs p`rshnmf`s y fhs kïvbkh-phfïtbkhs) y fhs prbnkbpbhs r`kthr`s l` fm phfïtbkm shkbmf y `khnûobkm (`ntr` fhs qu` jbcurmn fm omyhrïm l` fhs l`r`kehs `khnûobkhs y shkbmf`s).
`lbthrbmf } k`p
;2
Ymrt` C`n`rmf. \`om =
g. Yrht`kkbûn l` fhs l`r`kehs y fbg`rtml`s Fm Khnstbtukbûn, `n su mrt. 0;, lbs`ým fhs sbcub`nt`s prhk`lbob`nths l` prht`kkbûn1 m) W`cufmkbûn phr f`y Fhs l`r`kehs l`r`kehs y fbg`rtml`s r`khnhkblhs r`khnhkblhs `n `f Kmpïtufh s`cunlh l`f \ïtufh B (mrts. =< m ;5, moghs bnkfusbv`) vbnkufmn m thlhs fhs phl`r`s pñgfbkhs. [hfh phr f`y, qu` `n `f kmsh l` fhs l`r`kehs r`khnhkblhs `n fhs mrts. =< m 72 t`nlrí kmríkt`r l` f`y hrcínbkm, phlrí r`cufmrs` `f `a`rkbkbh l` `sths l`r`kehs y fbg`rtml`s, qu` `n thlh kmsh l`g`rí r`sp`tmr su khnt`nblh `s`nkbmf. g) Khntrhf l` khnstbtukbhnmfblml khnstbtukbhnmfblml l` fms f`y`s \hlhs fhs l`r`kehs r`khnhkblhs `n `f Kmpïtufh s`cunlh s`cunlh l`f \ïtufh B (mrts. =< m ;5 bnkfusbv`) `stín prht`cblhs phr lhs vïms1 - W`kursh l` bnkhnstbtukbhnmfblml, pfmnt`mlh lbr`ktmo`nt` mf \rbgunmf Khnstbtukbhnmf, Khnstbtukbhnmf, khntrm f`y`s y lbsphsbkbhn`s nhromtbvms khn ju`rzm l` f`y. - Ku`stbûn l` l` bnkhnstbtukbhnmfblml, bnkhnstbtukbhnmfblml, pfmnt`mlm mnt` mnt` `f \rbgunmf \rbgunmf Khnstbtukbhnmf, Khnstbtukbhnmf, pr`vbm pr`vbm mpr`kbmkbûn l` fm bnkhnstbtukbhnmfblml phr fm aurbslbkkbûn hrlbnmrbm. k) W`kursh l` mopmrh mopmrh Yhr vbhfmkbûn vbhfmkbûn l` fhs l`r`kehs l`r`kehs junlmo`ntmf`s junlmo`ntmf`s ([`kkbûn =ª l`f Kmpïtufh [`cunlh1 [`cunlh1 mrts. mrts. =0 m 72), l`f l`r`keh m fm bcumflml (mrt. =<) y l`f l`r`keh m fm hga`kbûn l` khnkb`nkbm (mrt. ;9.7), s` phlrí bnt`rphn`r mnt` `f \rbgunmf Khnstbtukbhnmf r`kursh l` mopmrh, pulbânlhfh bnt`rphn`r thlm p`rshnm nmturmf h aurïlbkm qu` bnvhqu` un bnt`râs f`cïtboh, msï khoh `f L`j`nshr l`f Yu`gfh y `f Obnbst`rbh Jbskmf (mrt. =:7 l` fm K@). l) Yrhk`lbob`nth pr`j`r`nt` y suomrbh Fhs obsohs obsohs l`r`kehs l`r`kehs kbtmlhs `n `f mpmrtmlh mnt`rbhr mnt`rbhr `stín prht`cblhs mnt` unm phsbgf` vbhfmkbûn l` fhs obsohs. Msï `f mrt. 0;.7 `stmgf`k` qu` kumfqub`r kbulmlmnh phlrí r`kmgmr fm tut`fm l` fhs l`r`kehs y fbg`rtml`s r`khcblhs `n fhs mrts. =< m 72 mnt` fhs \rbgunmf`s hrlbnmrbhs, phr un prhk`lbob`nth gmsmlh `n fhs prbnkbpbhs l` pr`j`r`nkbm y suomrb`lml. W`sp`kth mf mrt ;9.7 l` fm Khnstbtukbûn, sb gb`n `f mrt. 0;.7 nh bnkfuy` `f l`r`keh m fm hga`hga`kbûn l` khnkb`nkbm l`ntrh l`f íogbth l`f prhk`lbob`nth pr`j`r`nt` y suomrbh, fm F`y Hrcínbkm 5/=25<, l` 7: l` lbkb`ogr`, pr`vâ qu` fhs r`kurshs aurbslbkkbhnmf`s mrtbkufmlhs khntrm fms r`shfukbhn`s l`f Khns`ah Nmkbhnmf l` fm Hga`kbûn l` Khnkb`nkbm qu` l`nb`cu`n `f r`khnhkbob`nth l` `st` l`r`keh s`mn sustmnkbmlhs phr fm vïm l`f prhk`lbob`nth mk`f`rmlh l` prht`kkbûn l` fhs l`r`kehs junlmo`ntmf`s. Khntrm fms r`shfukbhn`s aulbkbmf`s r`kmïlms `n fhs prhk`lbob`nths s`ýmfmlhs phlrí bnt`rphn`rs` r`kursh l` mopmrh mnt` `f \rbgunmf Khnstbtukbhnmf.
k. Yrht`kkbûn l` fhs l`r`kehs `khnûobkh-shkbmf`s Fm prht`kkbûn l` `sths l`r`kehs qu` `stín khnt`nblhs `n `f Kmpïtufh t`rk`rh l`f \ïtufh B (L` fhs prbnkbpbhs r`kthr`s l` fm phfïtbkm shkbmf y `khnûobkm) `s oukeh oís lâgbf, ym qu` `f
<9
`lbthrbmf } k`p
Fm Khnstbtukbûn @spmýhfm l` =235
mrt. 0;.; l` fm Khnstbtukbûn l`t`robnm qu`, munqu` `f r`khnhkbob`nth, r`sp`th y prht`kkbûn l` lbkehs l`r`kehs bnjhromrí fm f`cbsfmkbûn phsbtbvm, fm príktbkm aulbkbmf y fm mktumkbûn l` fhs phl`r`s pñgfbkhs, fhs obsohs shfh phlrín s`r mf`cmlhs mnt` fm aurbslbkkbûn hrlbnmrbm l` mku`rlh khn fh qu` lbsphncmn fms f`y`s qu` fhs l`smrrhff`n. @stms l`g`rín maustmrs` mf khnt`nblh khnstbtukbhnmf l` fhs r`j`rblhs prbnkbpbhs r`kthr`s l` fm phfïtbkm shkbmf y `khnûobkm, ym qu` `n kmsh khntrmrbh kmgrïm khntrm lbkems f`y`s r`kursh l` bnkhnstbtukbhnmfblml, l` khnjhroblml khn `f mrt. =:=.m) l` fm Khnstbtukbûn.
G. [usp`nsbûn l` fhs l`r`kehs [P[Y@N[BÛN L@ FH[ L@W@KEH[ R FBG@W\ML@[ C@N@WMF - @stmlh l` mfmrom - @stmlh l` `xk`pkbûn - @stmlh l` sbtbh
BNLBZBLPMF
m. L` jhrom c`n`rmf (mrt. 00.=) Kumnlh s` mku`rl` fm l`kfmrmkbûn l` fhs `stmlhs l` `xk`pkbûn h l` sbtbh, phlrín s`r susp`nlblhs fhs l`r`kehs r`khnhkblhs `n fhs mrtïkufhs sbcub`nt`s1 - Mrtïkufh =3 =) \hlm p`rshnm tb`n` l`r`keh m fm fbg`rtml y m fm s`curblml. Nmlb` pu`l` s`r prbvmlh l` su fbg`rtml sbnh khn fm hgs`rvmnkbm l`f khnt`nblh l` `st` mrtïkufh y `n fhs kmshs y jhroms pr`vbsths `n fm f`y. 7) Fm l`t`nkbûn pr`v`ntbvm nh phlrí lurmr oís l`f tb`oph `strbktmo`nt` n`k`smrbh pmrm fm r`mfbzmkbûn l` fms mv`rbcumkbhn`s t`nl`nt`s mf `skfmr`kbob`nth l` fhs e`kehs y, `n thlh kmsh, `n `f pfmzh oíxboh l` 37 ehrms, `f l`t`nblh l`g`rí s`r pu`sth `n fbg`rtml h m lbsphsbkbûn l` fm muthrblml aulbkbmf. ;) \hlm p`rshnm l`t`nblm l`g` s`r bnjhromlm l` jhrom bno`lbmtm, bno`lbmtm, y l` ohlh qu` f` s`m khopr`nsbgf`, l` sus l`r`kehs y l` fms rmzhn`s l` su l`t`nkbûn, nh pulb`nlh s`r hgfbcmlm m l`kfmrmr. [` cmrmntbzm fm msbst`nkbm l` mghcmlh mf l`t`nblh `n fms lbfbc`nkbms phfbkbmf`s y aulbkbmf`s, `n fhs târobnhs qu` fm f`y `stmgf`zkm. Fhs l`r`kehs l`r`kehs khnt`nblhs `n `f mpmrtmlh ; l` `st` mrtïkufh =3 shfh s` phlrín phlrín susp`nl`r susp`nl`r kumnlh s` l`kfmr` `f `stmlh l` sbtbh4 nh s` susp`nl`n, phr tmnth, kumnlh s` l`kfmr` `f `stmlh l` `xk`pkbûn.
`lbthrbmf } k`p
<=
Ymrt` C`n`rmf. \`om =
<) Fm f`y r`cufmrí un prhk`lbob`nth l` ‖emg`ms khrpus‟ pmrm prhlukbr fm bno`lbmtm pu`stm m lbsphsbkbûn aulbkbmf l` thlm p`rshnm l`t`nblm bf`cmfo`nt`. Msbobsoh, phr f`y s` l`t`robnmrí `f pfmzh oíxboh l` lurmkbûn l` fm prbsbûn prhvbsbhnmf. - Mrtïkufh =5, mpmrtmlhs 7 y ; 7) @f lhobkbfbh `s bnvbhfmgf`. Nbncunm `ntrmlm h r`cbstrh phlrí emk`rs` emk`rs` `n `f sbn khns`ntbob`nth l`f tbtufmr h r`shfukbûn aulbkbmf, smfvh `n kmsh l` jfmcrmnt` l`fbth. ;) [` cmrmntbzm `f s`kr`th l` fms khounbkmkbhn`s khounbkmkbhn`s y, `n `sp`kbmf, l` fms phstmf`s, t`f`críjbkms t`f`críjbkms y t`f`jûnbkms, smfvh r`shfukbûn aulbkbmf. - Mrtïkufh =2 Fhs `spmýhf`s `spmýhf`s tb`n`n l`r`keh m `f`cbr fbgr`o`nt` su r`sbl`nkbm y m kbrkufmr phr `f t`rrbthrbh nmkbhnmf. Msbobsoh, tb`n`n l`r`keh m `ntrmr y smfbr fbgr`o`nt` l` @spmým `n fhs târobnhs qu` fm f`y `stmgf`zkm. @st` l`r`keh nh phlrí s`r fbobtmlh phr ohtbvhs phfïtbkhs h bl`hfûcbkhs. - Mrtïkufh 79, mpmrtmlhs =. m) m) y l), y 0 m) [` r`khnhk` y prht`c` `f l`r`keh m `xpr`smr y lbjunlbr fbgr`o`nt` fhs p`nsmob`nths, bl`ms y hpbnbhn`s o`lbmnt` fm pmfmgrm, `f `skrbth h kumfqub`r htrh o`lbh l` r`prhlukkbûn. l) [` r`khnhk` y prht`c` `f l`r`keh m khounbkmr h r`kbgbr fbgr`o`nt` bnjhromkbûn v`rmz phr kumfqub`r o`lbh l` lbjusbûn. Fm f`y r`cufmrí `f l`r`keh m fm kfíusufm l` khnkb`nkbm y mf s`kr`th prhj`sbhnmf `n `f `a`rkbkbh l` `stms fbg`rtml`s. 0) [hfh phlrí mkhrlmrs` `f s`ku`strh l` pugfbkmkbhn`s, crmgmkbhn`s y htrhs o`lbhs l` bnjhromkbûn `n vbrtul l` r`shfukbûn aulbkbmf. - Mrtïkufh 7= =) [` r`khnhk` `f l`r`keh l` r`unbûn pmkïjbkm pmkïjbkm y sbn mroms. @f `a`rkbkbh l` `st` l`r`keh nh n`k`sbtmrí muthrbzmkbûn pr`vbm. 7) @n fhs kmshs l` r`unbhn`s `n fucmr`s l` trínsbth pñgfbkh y omnbj`stmkbhn`s s` lmrí khounbkmkbûn pr`vbm m fm muthrblml, qu` shfh phlrí prhebgbrfms kumnlh `xbstmn rmzhn`s junlmlms l` mft`rmkbûn l` hrl`n pñgfbkh, khn p`fbcrh pmrm p`rshnms h gb`n`s. - Mrtïkufh 75, mpmrtmlh 7 7) [` r`khnhk` `f l`r`keh m fm eu`fcm l` fhs trmgmamlhr`s trmgmamlhr`s pmrm fm l`j`nsm l` sus bnt`r`s`s. Fm f`y qu` r`cuf` `f `a`rkbkbh l` `st` l`r`keh `stmgf`k`rí fms cmrmntïms pr`kbsms, pmrm ms`curmr `f omnt`nbob`nth l` fhs s`rvbkbhs `s`nkbmf`s l` fm khounblml. - Mrtïkufh ;3, mpmrtmlh 7 7) [` r`khnhk` `f l`r`keh l` fhs trmgmamlhr`s y `opr`smrbhs m mlhptmr o`lblms l` khnjfbkth khf`ktbvh. Fm f`y qu` r`cuf` `f `a`rkbkbh l` `st` l`r`keh, sbn p`raubkbh l` fms fbobtmkbhn`s qu` pu`lm `stmgf`k`r, bnkfubrí fms cmrmntïms pr`kbsms pmrm ms`curmr `f junkbhnmob`nth l` fhs s`rvbkbhs `s`nkbmf`s l` fm khounblml.
<7
`lbthrbmf } k`p
Fm Khnstbtukbûn @spmýhfm l` =235
g. L` jhrom bnlbvblumf bn lbvblumf (mrt. 00.7) Pnm f`y hrcínbkm phlrí l`t`robnmr fm jhrom y fhs kmshs `n fhs qu`, l` jhrom bnlbvblumf y khn fm n`k`smrbm bnt`rv`nkbûn aulbkbmf y `f ml`kumlh khntrhf pmrfmo`ntmrbh, fhs l`r`kehs r`khnhkblhs `n `f mrtïkufh =3 mpmrtmlh 7 (l`t`nkbûn pr`v`ntbvm) y `n `f mrtïkufh =5 mpmrtmlhs 7 y ; (bnvbhfmgbfblml l`f lhobkbfbh y s`kr`th l` fms khounbkmkbhn`s), phlrín s`r susp`nlblhs pmrm p`rshnms l`t`robnmlms, `n r`fmkbûn khn fms bnv`stbcmkbhn`s khrr`sphnlb`nt`s khrr`sphnlb`nt`s m fm mktumkbûn l` gmnlms mromlms h `f`o`nths `f`o`nths t`rrhrbstms. Fm utbfbzmkbûn bnaustbjbkmlm h mgusbvm l` fms jmkuftml`s r`khnhkblms `n lbkem f`y hrcínbkm prhlukbrí r`sphnsmgbfblml p`nmf, khoh vbhfmkbûn l` fhs l`r`kehs y fbg`rtml`s r`khnhkblhs phr fms f`y`s.
`lbthrbmf } k`p
<;
FM KHN[\B\PKBÛN @[YMÝHFM L@ =235 Fm Khnstbtukbûn @spmýhfm l` =2351 - Ju` mprhgmlm mprhgmlm phr fhs pf`nhs l`f Khncr`sh y l`f [`nmlh, `n s`nlms s`sbhn`s, `f ;= l` hktugr` l` =235 - @f : l` lbkb`ogr` l` =235 =235 ju` rmtbjbkmlm rmtbjbkmlm o`lbmnt` o`lbmnt` r`j`rânr`j`rânluo phr `f pu`gfh `spmýhf - @f 73 l` lbkb`ogr` lbkb`ogr` l` =235, =235, `n unm s`sbûn khnauntm khnauntm l` mogms Kíomrms, ju` smnkbhnmlm y prhoufcmlm phr `f W`y - @f 72 l` lbkb`ogr` lbkb`ogr` l` =235 s` s` pugfbkû `n `f GH@ y `ntrû `n vbchr
Kmrmkt`rïstbkms c`n`rmf`s
@[]P@OM
=
Mt`nlb`nlh tmnth m su hrbc`n khoh m su mrtbkufmlh, s` pu`l`n s`ýmfmr fhs sbcub`nt`s kmrmkt`r`s l` fm Khnstbtukbûn @spmýhfm1 - [` trmtm trmtm l` un t`xth t`xth l` rupturm - [` trmtm l` un t`xth khns`nsumlh - Fm Khnstbtuk Khnstbtukbûn bûn @spmýhfm l` =235 `s phfbvmf`nt` y l`fbg`rmlmo`nt` mogbcum - L`stmkm fm lhktrbnm, lhktrbnm, qu` s` trmtm l` unm unm Khnstbtukbûn bnkhopf`tm - @f t`xth khnstbtukbhnmf r`jf`am fm p`rt`n`nkbm p`rt`n`nkbm l` @spmým mf mf khnt`xth kufturmf hkkbl`ntmf `urhp`h - [` trmtm l` un t`xth t`xth `n lhnl` s` emn r`jf`amlh r`jf`amlh bnjfu`nkbms bnjfu`nkbms l` fm Khnstbtukbûn mf`omnm y l` fm Khnstbtukbûn btmfbmnm
Yrbnkbpbhs bnspbrmlhr` bnspbrmlhr`ss Fm Nmkbûn `spmýhfm, l`s`mnlh `stmgf`k`r fm austbkbm, fm fbg`rtml y fm s`curblml y prhohv`r `f gb`n l` kumnths fm bnt`crmn, `n ush l` su shg`rmnïm, prhkfmom su vhfuntml l`1 - Cmrmntbzmr fm khnvbv`nkbm l`ohkrítbkm l`ntrh l` fm Khnstbtukbûn y l` fms f`y`s khnjhro` m un hrl`n `khnûobkh y shkbmf austh - Khnshfblmr un @stmlh @stmlh l` L`r`keh L`r`keh qu` ms`cur` `f bop`rbh l` fm f`y khoh `xpr`sbûn l` fm vhfuntml phpufmr - Yrht`c`r m thlhs fhs `spmýhf`s y pu`gfhs l` @spmým `n `n `f `a`rkbkbh l` fhs l`r`kehs euomnhs, sus kufturms y trmlbkbhn`s, f`ncums ` bnstbtukbhn`s - Yrhohv`r `f prhcr`sh l` fm kufturm y l` fm `khnhoïm pmrm ms`curmr m thlhs unm lbcnm kmfblml l` vblm - @stmgf`k` @stmgf`k`rr unm shkb`lml l`ohkrítbk l`ohkrítbkmm mvmnzmlm
`lbthrbmf } k`p
<0
Ymrt` C`n`rmf. @squ`om =
- Khfmghrmr `n `f jhrtmf`kbob`nth l` l` unms r`fmkbhn`s r`fmkbhn`s pmkïjbkms y l` `jbkmz `jbkmz khhp`rmkbûn `ntr` `ntr` thlhs fhs pu`gfhs l` fm \b`rrm
@strukturm @strukturm jhromf @strukturm omt`rbmf Fm pmrt` lhcoítbkm Fm pmrt` hrcínbkm
Khnt`nblh -
\ïtufh Yr`fbobnmr1 (mrts. = m 2) \ïtufh B1 ‖L` fhs l`r`kehs y l`g`r`s l`g`r`s junlmo`ntmf`s‟ junlmo`ntmf`s‟ (mrts. =9 mf 00) \ïtufh BB1 ‖L` fm Khrhnm‟ (mrts. 0: m :0) \ïtufh BBB1 ‖L` fms Khrt`s C`n`rmf`s‟ C`n`rmf`s‟ (mrts. (mrts. :: m 2:) 2:) \ïtufh BZ1 ‖L`f ‖L`f Chgb`rnh y l` fm Mlobnbstrmkbûn‟ Mlobnbstrmkbûn‟ (mrts. (mrts. 23 mf =93) =93) \ïtufh Z1 ‖L` fms fms r`fmkbhn`s `ntr` `ntr` `f Chgb`rnh y fms Khrt`s C`n`rmf`s‟ C`n`rmf`s‟ (mrts. =95 =95 mf ==:) \ïtufh ZB1 ‖L`f Yhl`r Yhl`r Aulbkbmf‟ (mrts. ==3 ==3 mf =73) =73) \ïtufh ZBB1 ‖@khnhoïm y Emkb`nlm‟ Emkb`nlm‟ (mrts. =75 =75 mf =;:) =;:) \ïtufh ZBBB1 ‖L` ‖L` fm hrcmnbzmkbûn hrcmnbzmkbûn t`rrbthrbmf t`rrbthrbmf l`f @stmlh‟ (mrts. =;3 mf mf =05) \ïtufh BU1 ‖L`f ‖L`f \rbgunmf \rbgunmf Khnstbtukbhnmf‟ Khnstbtukbhnmf‟ (mrts. =02 mf =:0) =:0) \ïtufh U1 ‖L` ‖L` fm W`jhrom W`jhrom Khnstbtukbhnmf‟ Khnstbtukbhnmf‟ (mrts. (mrts. =:: mf mf =:2)
FH[ YWBNKBYBH[ KHN[\B\PKBHNMF@[ KHN\@NBLH[ @N @F \Ï\PFH YW@FBOBNMW L@ FM K@ Fhs prbnkbpbhs khnstbtukbhnmf`s r`cufmlhs r`cufmlhs `n `f \ïtufh Yr`fbobnmr l` fm Khnstbtukbûn shn1
Jhrom l`f @stmlh @spmýhf @stmlh [hkbmf y L`ohkrítbkh l` L`r`keh @stmlh [hkbmf @stmlh L`ohkrítbkh @stmlh l` L`r`keh Zmfhr`s sup`rbhr`s l`f Hrl`nmob`nth Aurïlbkh [hn fhs hga`tbvhs oíxbohs h fhs bl`mf`s qu` `f @stmlh prhpucnm pmrm qu` pu`lmn s`r r`mfbzmlhs phr `f hrl`nmob`nth aurïlbkh, fh qu` bopfbkm, qu` thlms fms nhroms l`g`n bnspbrmrs` `n `ffhs Fm fbg`rtml Fbg`rtml jïsbkm Fbg`rtml l` p`nsmob`nth Fbg`rtml l` `xpr`sbûn y l` bnjhromkbûn L`r`keh m `a`rk`r fm fbg`rtml l` jhrom bnlbvblumf y khf`ktbvm
<:
`lbthrbmf } k`p
Fm Khnstbtukbûn @spmýhfm l` =235
L`r`keh m `a`rk`r fm fbg`rtml pmrm pmrtbkbpmr `n msunths pñgfbkhs O`lbhs pmrm l`j`nl`r fm fbg`rtml Fm austbkbm Fm bcumflml Yrbnkbpbh l` bcumflml mnt` fm f`y Khoprhobsh Khoprho bsh l` fhs phl`r`s pñgfbkhs Bcumflml l` fhs `spmýhf`s `n thlh `f t`rrbthrbh l`f @stmlh @f pfurmfbsoh phfïtbkh [hg`rmnïm nmkbhnmf Fm shg`rmnïm nmkbhnmf r`sbl` `n `f pu`gfh `spmýhf, l`f qu` `omnmn fhs phl`r`s l`f @stmlh Jhrom phfïtbkm l`f @stmlh Fm jhrom phfïtbkm l`f @stmlh `spmýhf `s fm Ohnmrquïm Ymrfmo`ntmrbm
Pnblml l` fm Nmkbûn `spmýhfm y r`khnhkbob`nth l`f l`r`keh m fm muthnhoïm Fm Khnstbtukbûn s` junlmo`ntm `n fm bnlbshfugf` unblml l` fm Nmkbûn `spmýhfm, pmtrbm khoñn ` bnlbvbsbgf` l` thlhs fhs `spmýhf`s, y r`khnhk` y cmrmntbzm `f l`r`keh m fm muthnhoïm l` fms nmkbhnmfblml`s y r`cbhn`s qu` fm bnt`crmn y fm shfblmrblml `ntr` thlms `ffms
Blbhom hjbkbmf l`f @stmlh @f kmst`ffmnh `s fm f`ncum hjbkbmf l`f @stmlh. \hlhs fhs `spmýhf`s tb`n`n `f l`g`r l` khnhk`rfm y `f l`r`keh m usmrfm
Fm gmnl`rm l` @spmým y fm l` fms Khounblml`s Mutûnhoms Fm gmnl`rm l` @spmým `stí jhromlm phr tr`s jrmnams ehrbzhntmf`s, rham, momrbffm y rham, sb`nlh fm momrbffm l` lhgf` mnkeurm qu` kmlm unm l` fms rhams
Fm kmpbtmf l`f @stmlh @s fm vbffm l` Omlrbl
Ymrtblhs phfïtbkhs Fhs pmrtblhs phfïtbkhs `xpr`smn `f pfurmfbsoh phfïtbkh, khnkurr`n m fm jhromkbûn y omnbj`stmkbûn l` fm vhfuntml phpufmr y shn bnstruo`nth junlmo`ntmf junlmo`ntmf pmrm fm pmrtbkbpmkbûn phfïtbkm
[bnlbkmths y mshkbmkbhn`s `opr`smrbmf`s `opr`smrbmf`s Fhs sbnlbkmths l` trmgmamlhr`s y fms mshkbmkbhn`s `opr`smrbmf`s khntrbguy`n m fm l`j`nsm l` fhs bnt`r`s`s `khnûobkhs y shkbmf`s qu` f`s shn prhpbhs
Fms Ju`rzms Mromlms Khnstbtublms phr `f @aârkbth l` \b`rrm, fm Mromlm y `f @aârkbth l`f Mbr`, tb`n`n khoh obsbûn cmrmntbzmr fm shg`rmnïm ` bnl`p`nl`n bnl`p`nl`nkbm kbm l` @spmým, l`j`nl`r su bnt`crblml t`rrbthrbmf y `f hrl`nmob`nth khnstbtukbhnmf
`lbthrbmf } k`p
<3
Ymrt` C`n`rmf. @squ`om =
Yrbnkbpbh l` f`cmfblml y cmrmntïms aurïlbkms Fhs kbulmlmnhs y fhs phl`r`s pñgfbkhs `stín sua`ths m fm Khnstbtukbûn y mf r`sth l`f hrl`nmob`nth aurïlbkh (mrt. 2.= K@), K@), khn fh qu` s` phn` phn` l` omnbjb`sth qu` qu` fm Khnstbtukbûn, Khnstbtukbûn, p`rt`n`kb`nlh mf hrl`nmob`nth aurïlbkh `spmýhf, khnstbtuy` fm nhrom sup`rbhr y junlmo`ntmf, kñspbl` l` fm pbríobl` nhromtbvm
\Ï\PFH B L@ FH[ L@W@KEH[ R L@G@W@[ JPNLMO@N\MF@[ Kfmsbjbkmkbûn Fhs l`r`kehs y l`g`r`s junlmo`ntmf`s s` r`cufmn `n `f \ïtufh B l` fm Khnstbtukbûn Mrtïkufh =9 @stmgf`k` khoh junlmo`nth l`f hrl`n phfïtbkh y fm pmz shkbmf Kmpïtufh Yrbo`rh ‖L` fhs `spmýhf`s y `xtrmna`rhs `xtrmna`rhs‟‟ Kmpïtufh [`cunlh ‖L`r`kehs y fbg`rtml`s‟ Kmpïtufh \`rk`rh ‖L` fhs prbnkbpbhs r`kthr`s l` fm phfïtbkm shkbmf y `khnûobkm‟ Kmpïtufh Kumrth ‖L` fms cmrmntïms l` fms fbg`rtml`s y l`r`kehs junlmo`ntmf`s‟ junlmo`ntmf`s‟ Kmpïtufh ]ubnth ‖L` fm susp`nsbûn l` fhs l`r`kehs y fbg`rtml`s‟
Austbjbkmkbûn y junlmo`nth j unlmo`nth @f fbgr` `a`rkbkbh l` fhs l`r`kehs y l`g`r`s junlmo`ntmf`s `s pr`supu`sth l` fm l`ohkrmkbm y khnlbkbûn y jbn l` un râcbo`n khnstbtukbhnmf. Fm l`j`nsm l` `sths l`r`kehs em l` s`r unm jbnmfblml `s`nkbmf l`f sbst`om
@nuo`rmkbûn L` fhs `spmýhf`s y `xtrmna`rhs (Kmpïtufh prbo`rh) Nhroms shgr` nmkbhnmfblml y omyhrïm l` `lml (mrt. == y =7) L` fhs `xtrmna`rhs (mrt. =;) L`r`kehs y fbg`rtml`s (Kmpïtufh s`cunlh) L`r`keh m fm bcumflml (mrt =<) L` fhs L`r`kehs junlmo`ntmf`s y fbg`rtml`s pñgfbkms ([`kkbûn =ª) L`r`keh m fm vblm (mrt. =0) Fbg`rtml bl`hfûcbkm, r`fbcbhsm y l` kufth (mrt. =:) L`r`keh m fm fbg`rtml p`rshnmf y m fm s`curblml (mrt. =3) L`r`keh mf ehnhr, m fm bntboblml p`rshnmf y jmobfbmr y m fm prhpbm bomc`n (mrt. =5) <5
`lbthrbmf } k`p
Fm Khnstbtukbûn @spmýhfm l` =235
Fbg`rtml l` r`sbl`nkbm y l` kbrkufmkbûn (mrt. =2) Fbg`rtml l` `xpr`sbûn (mrt. 79) L`r`keh l` r`unbûn (mrt. 7=) L`r`keh l` mshkbmkbûn (mrt. 77) L`r`keh l` pmrtbkbpmkbûn (mrt. 7;) L`r`keh m fm tut`fm aulbkbmf (mrt. 7<) Yrbnkbpbh l` f`cmfblml p`nmf (mrt. 70) Yrhebgbkbûn l` fhs \rbgunmf`s l` Ehnhr (mrt. 7:) L`r`keh m fm `lukmkbûn y fbg`rtml l` `ns`ýmnzm (mrt. 73) L`r`keh l` sbnlbkmkbûn y l` eu`fcm (mrt. 75) L`r`keh l` p`tbkbûn (mrt. 72) L` fhs l`r`kehs y l`g`r`s l` fhs kbulmlmnhs ([`kkbûn 7ª) L` kmríkt`r shkbmf L` kmríkt`r p`rshnmf L` kmríkt`r c`n`rmf Yrbnkbpbhs r`kthr`s l` fm phfïtbkm shkbmf y `khnûobkm (Kmpïtufh t`rk`rh) Yrht`kkbûn m fm jmobfbm y m fm bnjmnkbm (mrt. ;2) Yrhcr`sh shkbmf y `khnûobkh. Yhfïtbkm fmghrmf (mrt. <9) Wâcbo`n pñgfbkh l` [`curblml [hkbmf (mrt. <=) L`r`kehs l` fhs `obcrmnt`s (mrt. <7) Yrht`kkbûn l` fm smful y jho`nth l`f l`phrt` (mrt. <;) Yrhohkbûn l` fm kufturm, fm kb`nkbm y fm bnv`stbcmkbûn (mrt. <<) L`r`keh m lbsjrutmr l`f o`lbh mogb`nt` y m fm kmfblml l` vblm (mrt. <0) Khns`rvmkbûn Khns`rvm kbûn y prhohkbûn l`f pmtrbohnbh ebstûrbkh, kufturmf y mrtïstbkh (mrt. <:) L`r`keh m unm vbvb`nlm lbcnm y ml`kumlm (mrt. <3) Yrhohkbûn l` fm pmrtbkbpmkbûn l` fm auv`ntul (mrt. <5) Yrht`kkbûn l` fhs lbsobnublhs jïsbkhs, psïqubkhs y s`nshrbmf`s (mrt. <2) Yrht`kkbûn l` fm t`rk`rm `lml (mrt. 09) L`j`nsm l` fhs khnsuoblhr`s y usumrbhs (mrt. 0=) Hrcmnbzmkbhn`s Hrcmnbzm kbhn`s prhj`sbhnmf`s (mrt. 07)
Cmrmntïms y susp`nsbûn Cmrmntïms l` fms fbg`rtml`s y l`r`kehs junlmo`ntmf`s C`n`rmfblml`s Yrht`kkbûn l` fhs l`r`kehs y fbg`rtml`s Yrht`kkbûn l` fhs l`r`kehs `khnûobkh-shkbmf`s
`lbthrbmf } k`p
<2
Ymrt` C`n`rmf. @squ`om = [usp`nsbûn l` fhs l`r`kehs L` jhrom c`n`rmf (mrt. 00.=) L` jhrom bnlbvblumf (mrt. 00.7)
09
`lbthrbmf } k`p
