Wkcn 2
Ukfkrkd`ans Hkbashntavns
Hn Hky >>/59>6, gk 5= gk ouhal, gk abunhgng gk cuokrks y mlcerks? leoktl, îceatl gk npha`n`aðd y prad`apals bkdkrnhks: ckgagns pnrn prlclvkr hn abunhgng y îrkns gk adtkrvkd`aðd a dtkrvkd`aðd kd kh îceatl gk hn snhug. Hn Hky >1/59>0, gk 1 gk ga`akcerk, gk trndspnrkd`an, n``ksl n``ks l n hn adflrcn`aðd pÿeha`n y eukd bleakrdl? leoktl leoktl y îceatl gk npha`n`aðd: gkrk`ml gk n``ksl n hn adflrcn`aðd pÿeha`n: eukd bleakrdl Hky >>/59>6, gk 5= gk ouhal, gk abunhgng gk cuokrks y mlcerks Hky >1/59>0, gk 1 gk ga`akcerk, gk trndspnrkd`an, n``ksl n hn adflrcn`aðd pÿeha`n y eukd bleakrdl, `uyn ÿhtacn clgafa`n`aðd sk mn prlgu`agl plr Hky Lrbîda`n 1/59>0, gk 59 gk ga`akcerk, gk `ldtrlh gk hn gkugn `lckr`anh kd kh sk`tlr pÿeha`l Hky 7/59>>, gk 0> gk cnrzl, gk hn eukdn ngcadastrn`að ngcadastrn`aðd d y gkh eukd bleakrdl gk hns Ahhks Enhknrs
Eaehalbrnfãn
Kstuganr hls leoktavls y prad`apals gk hn Hky gk abunhgng gk cuokrks y mlcerks kd Enhknrks Nprkdgkr `unhks sld hns ckgagns pnrn prlclvkr hn abunhgng y îrkns gk adtkrvkd`að adtkrvkd`aðd d kd kh îceatl gk hn snhug Nprkdgkr kh davkh gk trndspnrkd`an y kh n``ksl n hn adflrcn`að adflrcn`aðd d pÿeha`n kxastkdtk plr gkh Bleakrdl
kgatlranh } `kp
>. HN HK HKQ Q >> >>/5 /59> 9>6, 6, GK 5= GK O[ O[HA HAL, L, GK AB[ AB[NH NHGNG GNG GK C[ C[OK OKUK UKP P Q MLCEUKP? LEOKWL, ÎCEAWL GK NYHA@N@AÐ NYH A@N@AÐD DQ YUAD@AYALP BKDKUNHKP: CKGAGNP YNUN YULCLVKU HN AB[NHGNG Q ÎUKNP GK ADWKUVKD@A ÐD KD KH ÎCEAWL GK HN PNH[G >.> Kstru`turn y `ldtkdagl Hn Hky >>/59>6, gk 5= gk ouhal, gk abunhgng gk cuokrks y mlcerks sk kstru`turn kd ud Wãtuhl Yrkhacadnr y skas tãtuhls duckrngls nhbudls gavagagls kd `npãtuhls y kstls n su vkz kd sk``aldks. @ukdtn `ld 19 nrtã`uhls, 5 Gasplsa`aldks Nga`aldnhks, udn Gasplsa`aðd Wrndsatlran ßda`n, udn Gkrlbntlran ßda`n y 7 Gasplsa`aldks Fadnhks. Pu kstru`turn ks hn sabuakdtk?
HKQ >>/59>6, GK 5= GK O[HAL Adtrlgu``aðd Wãtuhl prkhacadnr. Gasplsa`aldks bkdkrnhks Wãtuhl A. Ylhãta`ns pÿeha`ns pnrn hn prlcl`aðd gk hn abunhgng gk bádkrl Wãtuhl AA. @lcpktkd`ans, fud`aldks, lrbndazn`aðd adstatu`aldnh adstatu`aldnh y fadnd`an`aðd - @npãtuhl A. @lcpktkd`ans gk hns ngcadastrn`aldks pÿeha`ns - @npãtuhl AA. Lrbndazn`aðd Lrbndazn`aðd adstatu`aldnh adstatu`aldnh y `llrgadn`aðd `llrgadn`aðd kdtrk hns ngcadastrn`ald ngcadastrn`aldks ks pÿeha`ns pÿeha`ns gk hns Ahhks Enhknrs Wãtuhl AAA. Ckgagns pnrn hn adtkbrn`aðd gk hn pkrspk`tavn gk bádkrl kd hn n`tun`aðd gk hns ngcadastrn`aldks pÿeha`ns gk hns Ahhks Enhknrs Wãtuhl AV. Ckgagns pnrn prlclvkr hn abunhgng y îrkns gk adtkrvkd`aðd - @npãtuhl A. Kgu`n`aðd - @npãtuhl AA. @uhturn y gkplrtk - @npãtuhl AAA. Kcphkl - @npãtuhl AV. Pnhug - @npãtuhl V. V. @ld`ahan`aðd @ld`ahan`aðd gk hn vagn hnelrnh, fncahanr y pkrsldnh. Hn `lrrkspldsneahagng `lrrkspldsneahagng - @npãtuhl VA. Gkrk`mls sl`anhks eîsa`ls - @npãtuhl VAA. VAA. Ckgals gk `lcuda`n`aðd y pueha`agng. pueha`agng. Pl`akgng gkh `ldl`acakdtl `ldl`acakdtl y gk hn adflrcn`aðd, hns dukvns tk`dlhlbãns y hn pueha`agng Wãtuhl V. Valhkd`an cn`mastn - @npãtuhl A. Yrad`apals bkdkrnhks Wãtuhl VA. Adfrn``aldks y snd`aldks Gasplsa`aldks nga`aldnhks (5) Gasplsa`aðd Wrndsatlran ßda`n Gasplsa`aðd Gkrlbntlran ßda`n Gasplsa`aldks fadnhks (7)
>15
Wkcn 2
kgatlranh } `kp
>.5 Leoktl, îceatl gk npha`n`aðd y prad`apals bkdkrnhks N. Leoktl y fadnhagng @ld hn fadnhagng gk mn`kr kfk`tavl kh gkrk`ml n hn abunhgng rknh y kfk`tavn gk hns cuokrks y hls mlcerks, hn hky takdk plr leoktl kstnehk`kr y rkbuhnr hls ck`ndascls y gasplsatavls, nsã `lcl hns ckgagns y hls rk`ursls, garabagls n prlclvkr y bnrndtaznr hn abunhgng gk lplrtudagngks y hn dl gas`racadn`aðd plr rnzðd gk skxl, kd `unhquakrn gk hls îceatls, ktnpns y `ar`udstnd`ans gk hn vagn.
E. Îceatl gk npha`n`aðd Hn hky ks gk npha`n`aðd n hns ngcadastrn`aldks pÿeha`ns gk hns Ahhks Enhknrs. Kd hls tárcadls quk gktkrcadn hn hky, sk kdtakdgk plr ngcadastrn`aldks pÿeha`ns gk hns Ahhks Enhknrs? n) Hn Ngcadastrn`aðd gk hn `lcudagng nutðdlcn gk hns Ahhks Enhknrs y hls kdtks quk adtkbrnd su sk`tlr pÿeha`l adstruckdtnh. e) Hn Ngcadastrn`aðd gk hls `ldskols adsuhnrks y hls kdtks pÿeha`ls gkpkdgakdtks l vad`uhngls n kstls. `) Hn Ngcadastrn`aðd hl`nh adsuhnr y hls kdtks pÿeha`ls gkpkdgakdtks l vad`uhngls n kstn.
G. Hn [davkrsagng gk hns Ahhks Enhknrs Nsacascl, ks gk npha`n`aðd nh rkstl gk hls plgkrks pÿeha`ls nsã `lcl n hns pkrsldns fãsa`ns y ourãga`ns, kd ncels `nsls kd hls tárcadls y nh`nd`k kstnehk`agls kd hn hky.
@. Yrad`apals bkdkrnhks Ynrn nh`ndznr hn fadnhagng gk hn hky, y kd `ucphacakdtl gk hls gkrk`mls y cndgntls prk`kptungls kd hls nrtã`uhls >6, >2 y 55 gkh Kstntutl gk Nutldlcãn gk hns Ahhks Enhknrs, hns n`tun`aldks gk hls plgkrks pÿeha`ls gk hns Ahhks Enhknrs, kd kh cnr`l gk sus ntraeu`aldks, sk rkbarîd plr hls sabuakdtks prad`apals bkdkrnhks? n) Hn abunhgng gk trntl gk cuokrks y mlcerks, quk acpha`n hn nuskd`an gk `unhquakr `unhquakr gas`racadn`aðd, gark`tn l adgark`tn, plr rnzðd gk skxl, kd hls îceatls plhãta`l, sl`anh, hnelrnh, `uhturnh, gkplrtavl, gk hn snhug, kgu`ntavl y k`ldðca`l, kd pnrta`uhnr kd `undtl nh kcphkl, hn flrcn`aðd prlfksaldnh y hns `ldga`aldks hnelrnhks. e) Hn nglp`aðd gk hns ckgagns dk`ksnrans pnrn khacadnr khacadnr hn gas`racadn`aðd y hn suelrgadn`aðd suelrgadn`aðd mastðra`n gk hns cuokrks, kspk`anhckdtk hns quk ad`agkd kd hn `rk`akdtk fkcadazn`aðd gk hn plerkzn. `) Kh kcplgkrncakdtl gk hns cuokrks kd tlgl kh `ldtkdagl gk hns plhãta`ns pÿeha`ns garabagns n hn `ldsk`u`aðd gk hn abunhgng gk cuokrks y mlcerks. g) Hn nglp`aðd gk ckgagns pnrn krrnga`nr hn valhkd`an cn`mastn, hn valhkd`an fncahanr y tlgns hns flrcns gk n`lsl skxunh y gk n`lsl plr rnzðd gk skxl, lrakdtn`aðd k agkdtagng skxunhks y gk bádkrl, `ld kh leoktl gk bnrndtaznr kh gkrk`ml n vavar sad valhkd`an. k) Kh rk`ldl`acakdtl gk hn cntkrdagng haerk y gk`agagn y gk hls gkrk`mls gkrk`mls skxunhks rkprlgu`tavls, rkprlgu`tavls, n fad gk kvatnr kfk`tls dkbntavls y lestî`uhls kd kh gksnrrlhhl gk hns haekrtngks gk hns cuokrks. Hky >>/59>6, gk 5= gk ouhal. Hky >1/59>0, gk 1 gk ga`akcerk
>10
kgatlranh } `kp
f) Hn `lrrkspldsneahagng, n rnãz gkh rkpnrtl kquahaerngl kquahaerngl kdtrk cuokrks y mlcerks gk hns rkspldsneahagngks fncahanrks, hns tnrkns glcásta`ns y hn ntkd`aðd gk hns pkrsldns kd satun`aðd gk gkpkdgkd`an. b) Hn nglp`aðd gk hns ckgagns kspk`ãfa`ns gkstadngns gkstadngns n khacadnr hns gksabunhgngks gk mk`ml plr rnzðd gk skxl quk pukgnd kxastar kd hls gafkrkdtks îceatls. m) Hn kspk`anh prltk``aðd gkh gkrk`ml n hn abunhgng gk trntl gk hns cuokrks quk kstîd kd raksbl raksbl gk sufrar cÿhtaphks satun`aldks gk gas`racadn`aðd plr kgng, ktdan, lrabkd sl`anh, dn`aldnhagng, rkhabaðd, snhug, lrakdtn`aðd k agkdtagng skxunhks, kspk`anhckdtk gk hns cuokrks vã`tacns gk trntl pnrn hn kxphltn`aðd skxunh. a) Hn prltk``aðd kspk`anh gkh gkrk`ml n hn abunhgng gk trntl gk hns cuokrks adcabrndtks. o) Hn prlcl`aðd gkh n``ksl n hls rk`ursls gk `unhquakr tapl tap l kdtrk hns cuokrks cuo krks quk gksnrrlhhnd su n`tavagng kd kh sk`tlr pracnral y su pnrta`apn`aðd kd abunhgng gk `ldga`aldks y lplrtudagngks kd hn k`ldlcãn y kd hn sl`akgng. j) Hn pnragng, `lcplsa`aðd kquahaerngn gk cuokrks y mlcerks, kd hls ðrbndls gk rkprkskdtn`aðd y gk tlcn gk gk`asaldks, skbÿd hn Hky khk`tlrnh gk hn `lcudagng nutðdlcn gk hns Ahhks Enhknrs. h) Kh acpuhsl gk hns rkhn`aldks kdtrk kdtrk hns ngcadastrn`aldks, hns adstatu`aldks y hls nbkdtks sl`anhks ensngns kd hls prad`apals gk `lhnelrn`aðd, `llrgadn`aðd y `llpkrn`aðd, pnrn bnrndtaznr hn abunhgng kdtrk cuokrks y mlcerks. c) Hn nglp`aðd gk hns ckgagns dk`ksnrans pnrn mn`kr ud usl dl skxastn gkh hkdbunok y kd tlgl `nsl, pnrn kvatnr hn advasaeahagng gk hns cuokrks n trnvás gkh hkdbunok. d) Hn bnrndtãn y hn prlcl`aðd gk udn acnbkd gk hns cuokrks cuokrks y hls mlcerks fudgnckdtngn kd hn abunhgng gk skxls kd tlgls hls îceatls gk hn vagn pÿeha`n y pravngn. l) Hn nglp`aðd gk ckgagns gk `lrrkspldsneahagng `lrrkspldsneahagng kd hn vagn pkrsldnh, fncahanr y prlfksaldnh gk hns cuokrks y hls mlcerks kd hns Ahhks Enhknrs. p) Kh acpuhsl gk hn kfk`tavagng gkh prad`apal gk abunhgng kd hns rkhn`aldks kdtrk pnrta`uhnrks. q) Hn ad`lrplrn`aðd gkh prad`apal gk abunhgng gk bádkrl, bádkrl, kh rkspktl mn`an hn gavkrsagng nfk`tavn y skxunh y hn `lkgu`n`aðd kd kh sastkcn kgu`ntavl gk hns Ahhks Enhknrs. r) Hn nglp`aðd gk ckgagns gk n``aðd plsatavn quk nskburkd hn abunhgng gk mlcerks y cuokrks `ld rkspk`tl nh n``ksl nh kcphkl, hn flrcn`aðd, hn prlcl`aðd prlfksaldnh, hn abunhgng snhnranh, hns `ldga`aldks gk trnenol y hn ad`kdtavn`aðd gk hn abunhgng kd hn dkbl`an`aðd gk n`ukrgls y `ldvkdals hnelrnhks. s) Hn ad`lrplrn`aðd gkh prad`apal gk abunhgng gk bádkrl kd kh sastkcn sndatnral gk hns Ahhks Enhknrs y kd tlgns hns plhãta`ns gk snhug. t) Kh rk`ldl`acakdtl gkh gkrk`ml gkrk`ml gk hns cuokrks nh prlpal `ukrpl y n hls gkrk`mls skxunhks y rkprlgu`tavls. Hls prad`apals bkdkrnhks n hls quk sk mn`k rkfkrkd`an ndtkralrckdtk tnceaád sld gk npha`n`aðd n hns pkrsldns fãsa`ns y ourãga`ns quk sus`raend `ldtrntls l `ldvkdals gk `lhnelrn`aðd l sknd ekdkfa`anrans gk hns nyugns l hns suevkd`aldks quk `ld`kgkd hls plgkrks pÿeha`ls y, kd bkdkrnh, n tlgns hns n`tun`aldks quk prlcukvnd l hhkvkd n `nel pkrsldns fãsa`ns l ourãga`ns pravngns, kd hls tárcadls kstnehk`agls kd hn hky.
>17
Wkcn 2
kgatlranh } `kp
N hls kfk`tls kfk`tls gk hl kstnehk`agl kstnehk`agl kd hn hky, hky, sk kdtakdgk kdtakdgk plr plgkrks pÿeha`ls pÿeha`ls hns adstatu`aldks, hns ngcadastrn`aldks pÿeha`ns gk hns Ahhks Enhknrs y sus lrbndascls y kdtagngks gkpkdgakdtks, y `unhquakr kdtagng u lrbndascl `ldsagkrngl sk`tlr pÿeha`l l plgkr ngouga`ntnral gk n`ukrgl `ld kh îceatl sueoktavl kstnehk`agl plr hn hkbashn`aðd eîsa`n kstntnh kd cntkran gk `ldtrntls.
>.0 Ckgagns pnrn pnrn prlclvkr prlclvkr hn abunhgng abunhgng y îrkns gk adtkrvkd`aðd kd kh îceatl gk hn snhug N. Gasplsa`aldks bkdkrnhks Hns ngcadastrn`aldks pÿeha`ns gk hns Ahhks Enhknrs prlclvkrîd hn npha`n`aðd gk hn trndsvkrsnhazn`aðd gk bádkrl n hns plhãta`ns gk snhug k acpuhsnrîd plhãta`ns kspk`ãfa`ns gk snhug gk hns cuokrks. Wlgns hns n`tun`aldks nsastkd`anhks, hls ganbdðsta`ls gan bdðsta`ls y hls trntncakdtls, nsã `lcl hls phndks gk n``aðd `lcudatnran, gk advkstabn`aðd y gk gl`kd`an kd kh îceatl gk hn snhug, ad`huarîd kh prad`apal gk abunhgng kdtrk cuokrks y mlcerks y hns gafkrkd`ans gk skxl y bádkrl. Hns plhãta`ns pÿeha`ns gk snhug bnrndtaznrîd kh cascl gkrk`ml n hn snhug n cuokrks y mlcerks n trnvás gk hn adtkbrn`aðd n`tavn, kd sus leoktavls y n`tun`aldks, gkh prad`apal gk abunhgng gk trntl, y kvatnrîd quk, plr sus gafkrkd`ans ealhðba`ns l plr hls kstkrkltapls sl`anhks nsl`angls, sk prlguz`nd gas`racadn`aldks kdtrk udns y ltrls. Hns plhãta`ns, hns kstrntkbans y hls prlbrncns gk snhug adtkbrnrîd, kd su flrcuhn`aðd, gksnrrlhhl y kvnhun`aðd, hns gafkrkdtks dk`ksagngks gk hns cuokrks y hls mlcerks y hns ckgagns pnrn nelrgnrhns ngk`ungnckdtk. Hn ngcadastrn`aðd sndatnran gk hns Ahhks Enhknrs `ldtraeuarî n hn ckolrn gk hn snhug gk hns cuokrks gurndtk tlgl su `a`hl vatnh, tkdakdgl kd `ukdtn gk cndkrn kspk`anh hls prlehkcns gk snhug `ld cnylr ad`agkd`an pnrn khhns, ad`huykdgl prlbrncns gk prkvkd`aðd y ntkd`aðd gk hls prlehkcns gk snhug quk nfk`tnd n hns cuokrks, `ld udn ntkd`aðd kspk`anh n hls `lhk`tavls cîs vuhdkrnehks. Hn ngcadastrn`aðd sndatnran gk hns Ahhks Enhknrs bnrndtaznrî hn `llrgadn`aðd nutldðca`n gk snhug y bádkrl, y prlclvkrî kh gaskþl gk ud phnd adtkbrnh y pnrta`apntavl quk gkfadn hns n``aldks quk gkend faonrsk pnrn kh acpuhsl gk hn trndsvkrsnhazn`aðd gk bádkrl kd tlgns hns plhãta`ns y hns n``aldks quk sk hhkvkd n `nel. Hn ngcadastrn`aðd sndatnran gk hns Ahhks Enhknrs bnrndtaznrî hns ckgagns dk`ksnrans ndtk hn valhkd`an `ldtrn hns cuokrks ckgandtk kh gksnrrlhhl gk prlbrncns gk skdsaeahazn`aðd y flrcn`aðd `ldtadungn gkh pkrsldnh sndatnral, y ckolrnrî hls adstruckdtls, hls prltl`lhls, hns buãns pnrn kh ganbdðsta`l prk`lz, hn nsastkd`an y hn rkmneahatn`aðd gk hns cuokrks cnhtrntngns kd hns nbrksaldks skxunhks kokr`agns gkdtrl y fukrn gkh îceatl gk hn pnrkon. Hn ngcadastrn`aðd sndatnran gk hns Ahhks Enhknrs nskburnrî kh kokr`a`al gk hls gkrk`mls rkprlgu`tavls y skxunhks. Pk acpuhsnrîd ckgagns pnrn kvatnr kcenrnzls dl gkskngls, `ld udn ntkd`aðd kspk`anh n hns nglhks`kdtks, ckgandtk plhãta`ns gk prlcl`aðd, adflrcn`aðd, flrcn`aðd y fî`ah n``ksl n tlgls hls cátlgls ndta`ld`kptavls, ad`huagl kh ndta`ld`kptavl gk urbkd`an. Kh sastkcn sndatnral bnrndtaznrî kh n``ksl n hn adtkrrup`aðd vlhudtnran gk hls kcenrnzls dl gkskngls, gk n`ukrgl `ld hn Hky Lrbîda`n 5/59>9, gk 0 gk cnrzl, gk snhug skxunh y rkprlgu`tavn y gk hn adtkrrup`aðd vlhudtnran gkh kcenrnzl, kd kh Pastkcn Dn`aldnh gk Pnhug, pralrazndgl quk hns adtkrrup`aldks vlhudtnrans gk hls kcenrnzls sknd rknhazngns kd hn rkg gk mlspatnhks pÿeha`ls. Hky >>/59>6, gk 5= gk ouhal. Hky >1/59>0, gk 1 gk ga`akcerk
>1;
kgatlranh } `kp
E. Flrcn`aðd, prlcl`aðd y skdsaeahazn`aðd Hn ngcadastrn`aðd sndatnran nglptnrî hns ckgagns dk`ksnrans pnrn hn ad`husaðd gk hn pkrspk`tavn gk bádkrl kd snhug kd hls phndks gk flrcn`aðd ada`anh y `ldtadungn gkh pkrsldnh sndatnral. Hn ngcadastrn`aðd sndatnran acpuhsnrî hn skdsaeahazn`aðd y flrcn`aðd gkh pkrsldnh tá`da`l y gk bkstaðd gk hls skrva`als sl`alsndatnrals, `ld hn fadnhagng gk adtkbrnr hn pkrspk`tavn gk bádkrl kd su tnrkn prlfksaldnh. Pk gkekrîd gksnrrlhhnr phndks gk flrcn`aðd kd kh îceatl sndatnral `ld kh leoktl gk bnrndtaznr nh pkrsldnh sndatnral hn `npn`agng pnrn gktk`tnr y ntkdgkr satun`aldks gk valhkd`an cn`mastn. Hn ngcadastrn`aðd sndatnran adtkbrnrî kh prad`apal gk abunhgng kdtrk cuokrks y mlcerks, nsã `lcl hn pkrspk`tavn gk bádkrl, kd tlgls sus prlbrncns gk prlcl`aðd gk hn snhug kd kh îceatl kgu`ntavl, hnelrnh y `lcudatnral.
@. Advkstabn`aldks Pk acpuhsnrî hn ad`husaðd gk hn pkrspk`tavn gk bádkrl kd tlgns hns advkstabn`aldks y kh gksnrrlhhl gk advkstabn`aldks kspk`ãfa`ns slerk hns gksabunhgngks gk bádkrl kd snhug. Hn ngcadastrn`aðd sndatnran, hn [davkrsagng gk hns Ahhks Enhknrs y kh rkstl gkh sastkcn gk advkstabn`aðd gk hns Ahhks Enhknrs gkekrîd fnvlrk`kr hn advkstabn`aðd, prlgu``aðd, pueha`n`aðd y gafusaðd gk adflrcn`aðd slerk hn adfhukd`an gkh bádkrl kd hn snhug. Hn ngcadastrn`aðd sndatnran bnrndtaznrî quk hls sastkcns gk adflrcn`aðd sndatnran rk`lond, sastkcîta`nckdtk, adflrcn`aðd gksbhlsngn plr skxl y kgng, y ndnha`kd hls gntls kd rkhn`aðd `ld hls `ldga`aldndtks gk bádkrl. Hn ngcadastrn`aðd sndatnran, kd `llrgadn`aðd, sa prl`kgk, `ld hn ngcadastrn`aðd hnelrnh, prlclvkrî hn advkstabn`aðd slerk hns `nusns, hls fn`tlrks nsl`angls, hls ckgals ganbdðsta`ls y hls trntncakdtls gk hns pntlhlbãns gk nhtn prkvnhkd`an kd hns cuokrks, tkdakdgl kd `ukdtn hls `ldga`aldndtks gk bádkrl. Pk ad`lrplrnrî hn pkrspk`tavn gk bádkrl y gk hns cuokrks kd hls sastkcns gk adflrcn`aðd sndatnran. Hns kd`ukstns gk snhug gkekrîd adtrlgu`ar adga`nglrks gk snhug skdsaehks n hn gktk``aðd gk gksabunhgngks y quk prkvknd hn gavkrsagng gk hns cuokrks.
G. Cntkran Cntkranhks hks Hns ngcadastrn`aldks pÿeha`ns acpuhsnrîd hn khnelrn`aðd gk cntkranhks gavuhbntavls slerk snhug garabagls n hns cuokrks, `ld ud usl dl skxastn gkh hkdbunok y `ldsagkrndgl hn gavkrsagng gk cuokrks. Pk gkekrî flckdtnr hn khnelrn`aðd gk buãns y prltl`lhls gk n`tun`aðd kd hls skrva`als gk snhug gk ntkd`aðd pracnran, pnrn prl`ksls gk nhtn prkvnhkd`an kd cuokrks l sabdafa`ntavnckdtk skdsaehks nh acpn`tl
>16
Wkcn 2
kgatlranh } `kp
5. HN HK HKQ Q >1 >1/5 /59> 9>0, 0, GK 1 GK GA@ GA@AK AKCE CEUK, UK, GK WUN WUNDP DPYNU YNUKD KD@A @AN, N, N@@KPL N HN ADFLUCN@AÐ D YßEHA@N Q E[KD BLEAKUDL? LEOKWL Q ÎCEAWL GK NYHA@N@AÐD: GKUK@ML GK N@@KPL N HN ADFLUCN@AÐD YßEHA@N: E[KD BLEAKUDL 5.> Leoktl y kstru`turn N. Leoktl Hn Hky >1/59>0, gk 1 gk ga`akcerk, gk trndspnrkd`an, n``ksl n hn adflrcn`aðd pÿeha`n y eukd bleakrdl takdk plr leoktl ncphanr y rkflrznr hn trndspnrkd`an gk hn n`tavagng pÿeha`n, rkbuhnr y bnrndtaznr kh gkrk`ml gk n``ksl n hn adflrcn`aðd rkhntavn n nqukhhn n`tavagng y kstnehk`kr hns lehabn`aldks gk eukd bleakrdl quk gkekd `ucphar hls rkspldsnehks pÿeha`ls nsã `lcl hns `ldsk`ukd`ans gkravngns gk su ad`ucphacakdtl.
E. Kstru`turn Hn Hky >1/59>0, gk 1 gk ga`akcerk, gk trndspnrkd`an, n``ksl n hn adflrcn`aðd pÿeha`n y eukd bleakrdl, sk `lcpldk gk 79 nrtã`uhls, gastraeuagls kd ud Wãtuhl Yrkhacadnr y trks Wãtuhls duckrngls, y sk `lcphktn `ld l`ml Gasplsa`aldks Nga`aldnhks y dukvk Gasplsa`aldks Fadnhks. Pu kstru`turn ks hn sabuakdtk?
HKQ >1/59>0, GK 1 GK GA@AKCEUK, GK WUNDPYNUKD@AN, N@@KPL N HN ADFLUCN@AÐD YßEHA@N Q E[KD BLEAKUDL WÃW[HL YUKHACADNU WÃW[HL A. Wrndspnrkd`an gk hn n`tavagng pÿeha`n - @NYÃW[HL A. Îceatl sueoktavl gk npha`n`aðd - @NYÃW[HL AA. Yueha`agng n`tavn - @NYÃW[HL AAA. Gkrk`ml gk n``ksl n hn adflrcn`aðd adflrcn`aðd pÿeha`n PK@@AÐD >. Uábackd bkdkrnh PK@@AÐD 5. Kokr`a`al gkh gkrk`ml gk n``ksl n hn adflrcn`aðd pÿeha`n PK@@AÐD 0. Uábackd gk acpubdn`aldks WÃW[HL AA. Eukd bleakrdl WÃW[HL AAA. @ldskol gk Wrndspnrkd`an y Eukd Bleakrdl GAPYLPA@ALDKP NGA@ALDNHKP (=) GAPYLPA@ALDKP FADNHKP (1)
Hky >>/59>6, gk 5= gk ouhal. Hky >1/59>0, gk 1 gk ga`akcerk
>12
kgatlranh } `kp
5.5 Wrndspnrkd`an gk hn n`tavagng pÿeha`n N. Îceatl sueoktavl gk npha`n`aðd n. Îceatl sueoktavl gk npha`n`aðd Hns gasplsa`aldks gk kstk kpãbrnfk sk npha`nrîd n? n) Hn Ngcadastrn`aðd Bkdkrnh gkh Kstngl, hns Ngcadastrn`aldks gk hns @lcudagngks Nutðdlcns y gk hns @augngks gk @kutn y Ckhahhn y hns kdtagngks quk adtkbrnd hn Ngcadastrn`aðd Hl`nh. e) Hns kdtagngks bkstlrns y hls skrva`als `lcudks `lcudks gk hn Pkburagng Pl`anh nsã `lcl `lcl hns cutuns gk n``agkdtks gk trnenol y kdfkrckgngks prlfksaldnhks `lhnelrnglrns gk hn Pkburagng Pl`anh. `) Hls lrbndascls nutðdlcls, hns Nbkd`ans Nbkd`ans Kstntnhks, hns kdtagngks pÿeha`ns kcprksnranhks kcprksnranhks y hns kdtagngks gk Gkrk`ml Yÿeha`l quk, `ld adgkpkdgkd`an fud`aldnh l `ld udn kspk`anh nutldlcãn rk`ldl`agn plr hn Hky, tkdbnd ntraeuagns fud`aldks gk rkbuhn`aðd l supkrvasaðd gk `nrî`tkr kxtkrdl slerk ud gktkrcadngl sk`tlr l n`tavagng. g) Hns kdtagngks gk Gkrk`ml Yÿeha`l `ld pkrsldnhagng ourãga`n prlpan, vad`uhngns n `unhquakrn gk hns Ngcadastrn`aldks Yÿeha`ns l gkpkdgakdtks gk khhns, ad`huagns hns [davkrsagngks pÿeha`ns. k) Hns `lrplrn`aldks gk Gkrk`ml Yÿeha`l, kd hl rkhntavl n sus n`tavagngks suoktns n Gkrk`ml Ngcadastrntavl. f) Hn @nsn gk su Cnokstng kh kh Uky, kh @ldbrksl gk hls Gaputngls, kh Pkdngl, kh Wraeudnh @ldstatu`aldnh y kh @ldskol Bkdkrnh gkh Ylgkr Ouga`anh, nsã `lcl kh End`l gk Kspnþn, kh @ldskol gk Kstngl, kh Gkfkdslr gkh Yukehl, kh Wraeudnh gk @ukdtns, kh @ldskol K`ldðca`l y Pl`anh y hns adstatu`aldks nutldðca`ns ndîhlbns, kd rkhn`aðd `ld sus n`tavagngks suoktns n Gkrk`ml Ngcadastrntavl. b) Hns sl`akgngks ckr`ndtahks kd kd `uyl `npatnh sl`anh hn pnrta`apn`aðd, gark`tn l adgark`tn, gk hns kdtagngks nquã prkvastns skn supkralr nh ;9 plr >99. m) Hns fudgn`aldks gkh sk`tlr pÿeha`l prkvastns kd hn hkbashn`aðd kd cntkran gk fudgn`aldks. a) Hns nsl`an`aldks `ldstatuagns plr hns Ngcadastrn`aldks, lrbndascls y kdtagngks prkvastls ndtkralrckdtk. Pk ad`huykd hls ðrbndls gk `llpkrn`aðd prkvastls kd kh nrtã`uhl >7; y sabuakdtks gk hn Hky 79/59>;, gk > gk l`tuerk, gk Uábackd Ourãga`l gkh Pk`tlr Yÿeha`l @lcÿd, kd hn ckgagn kd quk, plr su pk`uhanr dnturnhkzn y plr `nrk`kr gk udn kstru`turn ngcadastrntavn prlpan, hk rksuhtkd npha`nehks hns gasplsa`aldks nquã rkfkrkd`angns. Kd kstls `nsls, kh `ucphacakdtl gk hns lehabn`aldks gkravngns gk hn Hky >1/59>0, gk 1 gk ga`akcerk, gk trndspnrkd`an, n``ksl n hn adflrcn`aðd pÿeha`n y eukd bleakrdl skrîd hhkvngns n `nel plr hn Ngcadastrn`aðd quk lstkdtk hn Pk`rktnrãn gkh ðrbndl gk `llpkrn`aðd. N hls kfk`tls gk hl prkvastl kd kstk kpãbrnfk, sk kdtakdgk plr Ngcadastrn`aldks Yÿeha`ns hls lrbndascls y kdtagngks ad`huagls kd hns hktrns n) n g) ndtkralrks.
e. Ltrls suoktls lehabngls Hns gasplsa`aldks gkh `npãtuhl AA gkh tãtuhl A gk hn Hky >1/59>0, gk 1 gk ga`akcerk, gk trndspnrkd`an, n``ksl n hn adflrcn`aðd pÿeha`n y eukd bleakrdl skrîd tnceaád npha`nehks n?
>1=
Wkcn 2
kgatlranh } `kp
n) Hls pnrtagls plhãta`ls, lrbndazn`aldks sadga`nhks y lrbndazn`aldks kcprksnranhks. e) Hns kdtagngks pravngns quk pkr`aend gurndtk kh pkrãlgl gk ud nþl nyugns l suevkd`aldks pÿeha`ns kd udn `undtãn supkralr n >99.999 kurls l `undgl nh ckdls kh 79% gkh tltnh gk sus adbrksls ndunhks tkdbnd `nrî`tkr gk nyugn l suevkd`aðd pÿeha`n, sakcprk quk nh`nd`kd `lcl cãdacl hn `ndtagng gk ;.999 kurls.
`. Lehabn`aðd gk sucadastrnr adflrcn`aðd Hns pkrsldns fãsa`ns y ourãga`ns gastadtns gk hns rkfkragns kd hls ndtkralrckdtk quk prkstkd skrva`als pÿeha`ls l kokrznd pltkstngks ngcadastrntavns kstnrîd lehabngns n sucadastrnr n hn Ngcadastrn`aðd, lrbndascl l kdtagng gk hns prkvastns kd kh nrtã`uhl 5.> gk hn Hky n hn quk sk kd`ukdtrkd vad`uhngns, prkval rkqukracakdtl, tlgn hn adflrcn`aðd dk`ksnran pnrn kh `ucphacakdtl plr nquáhhls gk hns lehabn`aldks nquã prkvastns. Kstn lehabn`aðd sk kxtkdgkrî n hls ngouga`ntnrals gk `ldtrntls gkh sk`tlr pÿeha`l kd hls tárcadls prkvastls kd kh rkspk`tavl `ldtrntl.
E. Yueha`agng n`tavn n. Yrad`apals bkdkrnhks Hls suoktls kduckrngls kd kh nrtã`uhl 5.> gk hn Hky >1/59>0, gk 1 gk ga`akcerk, gk trndspnrkd`an, n``ksl n hn adflrcn`aðd pÿeha`n y eukd bleakrdl pueha`nrîd gk flrcn pkraðga`n y n`tunhazngn hn adflrcn`aðd `uyl `ldl`acakdtl skn rkhkvndtk pnrn bnrndtaznr hn trndspnrkd`an gk su n`tavagng rkhn`aldngn `ld kh fud`aldncakdtl y `ldtrlh gk hn n`tun`aðd pÿeha`n. Hns lehabn`aldks gk trndspnrkd`an `ldtkdagns kd kh `npãtuhl AA gkh tãtuhl A gk hn Hky >1/59>0, gk 1 gk ga`akcerk, gk trndspnrkd`an, n``ksl n hn adflrcn`aðd pÿeha`n y eukd bleakrdl sk kdtakdgkd sad pkroua`al gk hn npha`n`aðd gk hn dlrcntavn nutldðca`n `lrrkspldgakdtk l gk ltrns gasplsa`aldks kspk`ãfa`ns quk prkvknd ud rábackd cîs ncphal kd cntkran gk pueha`agng. Pkrîd gk npha`n`aðd, kd su `nsl, hls hãcatks nh gkrk`ml gk n``ksl n hn adflrcn`aðd pÿeha`n prkvastls kd kh nrtã`uhl >7 gk hn Hky >1/59>0, gk 1 gk ga`akcerk, gk trndspnrkd`an, n``ksl n hn adflrcn`aðd pÿeha`n y eukd bleakrdl y, kspk`anhckdtk, kh gkravngl gk hn prltk``aðd gk gntls gk `nrî`tkr pkrsldnh, rkbuhngl kd kh nrtã`uhl >; gk hn Hky >1/59>0, gk 1 gk ga`akcerk, gk trndspnrkd`an, n``ksl n hn adflrcn`aðd pÿeha`n y eukd bleakrdl. N kstk rkspk`tl, `undgl hn adflrcn`aðd `ldtuvakrn gntls kspk`anhckdtk prltkbagls, hn pueha`agng sðhl sk hhkvnrî n `nel prkvan gasl`an`aðd gk hls cascls. Hn adflrcn`aðd suoktn n hns lehabn`aldks gk trndspnrkd`an skrî pueha`ngn kd hns `lrrkspldgakdtks skgks khk`trðda`ns l pîbadns wke y gk udn cndkrn `hnrn, kstru`turngn y kdtkdgaehk pnrn hls adtkrksngls y, prkfkraehkckdtk, kd flrcntls rkutahaznehks. Pk kstnehk`krîd hls ck`ndascls ngk`ungls pnrn fn`ahatnr hn n``ksa-
Hky >>/59>6, gk 5= gk ouhal. Hky >1/59>0, gk 1 gk ga`akcerk
Wlgn hn adflrcn`aðd skrî `lcprkdsaehk, gk n``ksl fî`ah y brntuatl y kstnrî n gasplsa`aðd gk hns pkrsldns `ld gas`npn`agng kd udn clgnhagng sucadastrngn plr ckgals l kd flrcntls ngk`ungls gk cndkrn quk rksuhtkd n``ksaehks y `lcprkdsaehks, `ldflrck nh prad`apal gk n``ksaeahagng udavkrsnh y gaskþl pnrn tlgls.
>11
kgatlranh } `kp
eahagng, hn adtkrlpkrneahagng, hn `nhagng y hn rkutahazn`aðd gk hn adflrcn`aðd pueha`ngn nsã `lcl su agkdtafa`n`aðd y hl`nhazn`aðd. @undgl sk trntk gk kdtagngks sad îdacl gk hu`rl quk pkrsabnd kx`husavnckdtk fadks gk adtkrás sl`anh l `uhturnh y `uyl prksupukstl skn adfkralr n ;9.999 kurls, kh `ucphacakdtl gk hns lehabn`aldks gkravngns gk hn Hky >1/59>0, gk 1 gk ga`akcerk, gk trndspnrkd`an, n``ksl n hn adflrcn`aðd pÿeha`n y eukd bleakrdl plgrî rknhaznrsk utahazndgl hls ckgals khk`trðda`ls pukstls n su gasplsa`aðd plr hn Ngcadastrn`aðd Yÿeha`n gk hn quk prlvkdbn hn cnylr pnrtk gk hns nyugns l suevkd`aldks pÿeha`ns pkr`aeagns.
e. Adflrcn`aðd adstatu`aldnh, lrbndazntavn y gk phndafa`n`aðd Hls suoktls `lcprkdgagls kd kh îceatl gk npha`n`aðd gkh tãtuhl A gk hn Hky >1/59>0, gk 1 gk ga`akcerk, gk trndspnrkd`an, n``ksl n hn adflrcn`aðd pÿeha`n y eukd bleakrdl pueha`nrîd adflrcn`aðd rkhntavn n hns fud`aldks quk gksnrrlhhnd, hn dlrcntavn quk hks skn gk npha`n`aðd nsã `lcl n su kstru`turn lrbndazntavn. N kstls kfk`tls, ad`huarîd ud lrbndabrncn n`tunhazngl quk agkdtafaquk n hls rkspldsnehks gk hls gafkrkdtks ðrbndls y su pkrfah y trnyk`tlran prlfksaldnh. Hns Ngcadastrn`aldks Yÿeha`ns pueha`nrîd hls phndks y prlbrncns ndunhks y phurandunhks kd hls quk sk faokd leoktavls `ld`rktls, nsã `lcl hns n`tavagngks, ckgals y takcpl prkvastl pnrn su `ldsk`u`aðd. Pu brngl gk `ucphacakdtl y rksuhtngls gkekrîd skr leoktl gk kvnhun`aðd y pueha`n`aðd pkraðga`n oudtl `ld hls adga`nglrks gk ckgagn y vnhlrn`aðd, kd hn flrcn kd quk sk gktkrcadk plr `ngn Ngcadastrn`aðd `lcpktkdtk. Kd kh îceatl gk hn Ngcadastrn`aðd Bkdkrnh gkh Kstngl `lrrkspldgk n hns adspk``aldks bkdkrnhks gk skrva`als hn kvnhun`aðd gkh `ucphacakdtl gk kstls phndks y prlbrncns.
`. Adflrcn`aðd gk rkhkvnd`an ourãga`n Hns Ngcadastrn`aldks Yÿeha`ns, kd kh îceatl gk sus `lcpktkd`ans, pueha`nrîd? n) Hns gark`tra`ks, adstru``aldks, n`ukrgls, `ar`uhnrks l rkspukstns n `ldsuhtns phndtkngns plr hls pnrta`uhnrks u ltrls ðrbndls kd hn ckgagn kd quk supldbnd udn adtkrprktn`aðd gkh Gkrk`ml l tkdbnd kfk`tls ourãga`ls. e) Hls Ndtkprlyk`tls gk Hky y hls prlyk`tls gk Gk`rktls Gk`rktls Hkbashntavls `uyn ada`antavn hks `lrrkspldgn, `undgl sk slha`atkd hls ga`tîckdks n hls ðrbndls `ldsuhtavls `lrrkspldgakdtks. Kd kh `nsl kd quk dl skn prk`kptavl dadbÿd ga`tnckd hn pueha`n`aðd sk rknhaznrî kd kh clckdtl gk su nprlen`aðd. `) Hls prlyk`tls gk Ukbhnckdtls `uyn ada`antavn hks `lrrkspldgn. @undgl skn skn prk`kptavn hn slha`atug gk ga`tîckdks, hn pueha`n`aðd sk prlgu`arî udn vkz quk kstls mnynd sagl slha`atngls n hls ðrbndls `ldsuhtavls `lrrkspldgakdtks sad quk khhl supldbn, dk`ksnranckdtk, hn npkrturn gk ud trîcatk gk nugakd`an pÿeha`n. g) Hns ckclrans k adflrcks quk `ldflrckd hls kxpkgakdtks gk khnelrn`aðd gk hls tkxtls dlrcntavls, kd pnrta`uhnr, hn ckclran gkh ndîhasas gk acpn`tl dlrcntavl rkbuhngn plr kh Uknh Gk`rktl >9=0/5991, gk 0 gk ouhal. k) Hls gl`uckdtls quk, `ldflrck `ldflrck n hn hkbashn`aðd sk`tlranh vabkdtk, gkend gkend skr slcktagls n ud pkrãlgl gk adflrcn`aðd pÿeha`n gurndtk su trncatn`aðd.
599
Wkcn 2
kgatlranh } `kp
g. Adflrcn`aðd k`ldðca`n, prksupukstnran y kstngãsta`n Hls suoktls ad`huagls kd kh îceatl gk npha`n`aðd gk hl nquã gaspukstl gkekrîd mn`kr pÿeha`n, `lcl cãdacl, hn adflrcn`aðd rkhntavn n hls n`tls gk bkstaðd ngcadastrntavn `ld rkpkr`usaðd k`ldðca`n l prksupukstnran quk sk adga`nd n `ldtadun`aðd? n) Wlgls hls `ldtrntls, `ld adga`n`aðd gkh leoktl, gurn`aðd, kh acplrtk gk ha`atn`aðd y gk ngouga`n`aðd, kh prl`kgacakdtl utahazngl pnrn su `khkern`aðd, hls adstruckdtls n trnvás gk hls quk, kd su `nsl, sk mn pueha`atngl, kh dÿckrl gk ha`atnglrks pnrta`apndtks kd kh prl`kgacakdtl y hn agkdtagng gkh ngouga`ntnral, nsã `lcl hns clgafa`n`aldks gkh `ldtrntl. Abunhckdtk skrîd leoktl gk pueha`n`aðd hns gk`asaldks gk gksastacakdtl y rkdud`an gk hls `ldtrntls. Hn pueha`n`aðd gk hn adflrcn`aðd rkhntavn n hls `ldtrntls ckdlrks plgrî rknhaznrsk trackstrnhckdtk. Nsacascl, sk pueha`nrîd gntls kstngãsta`ls slerk kh plr`kdtnok kd vlhuckd prksupukstnra prksupukstnral l gk `ldtrntls ngouga`ngls n trnvás gk `ngn udl gk hls prl`kgacakdtls prkvastls kd hn hkbashn`aðd gk `ldtrntls gkh sk`tlr pÿeha`l. e) Hn rkhn`aðd gk hls `ldvkdals sus`ratls, sus`ratls, `ld ckd`aðd gk hns pnrtks farcndtks, su leoktl, phnzl gk gurn`aðd, clgafa`n`aldks rknhazngns, lehabngls n hn rknhazn`aðd gk hns prkstn`aldks y, kd su `nsl, hns lehabn`aldks k`ldðca`ns `ldvkdagns. Abunhckdtk, sk pueha`nrîd hns kd`lcakdgns gk bkstaðd quk sk farckd, `ld adga`n`aðd gk su leoktl, prksupukstl, gurn`aðd, lehabn`aldks k`ldðca`ns y hns sue`ldtrntn`aldks quk sk rknha`kd `ld ckd`aðd gk hls ngouga`ntnrals, prl`kgacakdtl skbuagl pnrn hn ngouga`n`aðd k acplrtk gk hn cascn. `) Hns suevkd`aldks y nyugns pÿeha`ns `ld`kgagns `ld adga`n`aðd gk su acplrtk, leoktavl l fadnhagng y ekdkfa`anrals. g) Hls prksupukstls, `ld gks`rap`aðd gk hns prad`apnhks pnrtagns prksupukstnrans k adflrcn`aðd n`tunhazngn y `lcprkdsaehk slerk su kstngl gk kok`u`aðd y slerk kh `ucphacakdtl gk hls leoktavls gk kstneahagng prksupukstnran y slstkdaeahagng fadnd`akrn gk hns Ngcadastrn`aldks Yÿeha`ns. k) Hns `ukdtns ndunhks quk gkend rkdgarsk y hls adflrcks gk nugatlrãn gk `ukdtns y gk fas`nhazn`aðd plr pnrtk gk hls ðrbndls gk `ldtrlh kxtkrdl quk slerk khhls sk kcatnd. f) Hns rktraeu`aldks pkr`aeagns ndunhckdtk plr hls nhtls `nrbls y cîxacls cîxacls rkspldsnehks gk hns kdtagngks ad`huagns kd kh îceatl gk hn npha`n`aðd gk kstk kpãbrnfk. Abunhckdtk, sk mnrîd pÿeha`ns hns adgkcdazn`aldks pkr`aeagns, kd su `nsl, `ld l`nsaðd gkh nendgldl gkh `nrbl. b) Hns rkslhu`aldks gk nutlrazn`aðd nutlrazn`aðd l rk`ldl`acakdtl gk `lcpntaeahagng quk nfk`tkd n hls kcphkngls kcphkngls pÿeha`ls nsã `lcl hns quk nutlra`kd kh kokr`a`al gk n`tavagng pravngn nh `ksk gk hls nhtls `nrbls gk hn Ngcadastrn`aðd Bkdkrnh gkh Kstngl l nsacahngls skbÿd hn dlrcntavn nutldðca`n l hl`nh. m) Hns gk`hnrn`aldks ndunhks gk eakdks y n`tavagngks gk hls rkprkskdtndtks hl`nhks, kd kd hls tárcadls prkvastls kd hn Hky 2/>1=;, gk 5 gk nerah, Ukbuhnglrn gk hns Ensks gkh Uábackd Hl`nh. @undgl kh rkbhnckdtl dl faok hls tárcadls kd quk mnd gk mn`krsk pÿeha`ns kstns gk`hnrn`aldks sk npha`nrî hl gaspukstl kd hn dlrcntavn gk `ldfha`tls gk adtkrksks kd kh îceatl gk hn Ngcadastrn`aðd Bkdkrnh gkh Kstngl. Kd tlgl `nsl, sk lcatarîd hls gntls rkhntavls n hn hl`nhazn`aðd h l`nhazn`aðd `ld`rktn gk hls eakdks adcukehks y sk bnrndtaznrî hn pravn`agng y skburagng gk sus tatuhnrks. a) Hn adflrcn`aðd kstngãsta`n dk`ksnran pnrn vnhlrnr kh brngl gk `ucphacakdtl y `nhagng gk hls skrva`als pÿeha`ls quk sknd gk su `lcpktkd`an, kd hls tárcadls quk gkfadn `ngn ngcadastrn`aðd `lcpktkdtk. Hls suoktls ckd`aldngls kd kh nrtã`uhl 0 gk hn Hky >1/59>0, gk 1 gk ga`akcerk, gk trndspnrkd`an, n``ksl n hn adflrcn`aðd pÿeha`n y eukd bleakrdl gkekrîd pueha`nr hn adflrcn`aðd n hn quk sk rkfakrkd
Hky >>/59>6, gk 5= gk ouhal. Hky >1/59>0, gk 1 gk ga`akcerk
59>
kgatlranh } `kp
hns hktrns n) y e) `undgl sk trntk gk `ldtrntls l `ldvkdals `khkerngls `ld udn Ngcadastrn`aðd Yÿeha`n. Nsacascl, mnerîd gk pueha`nr hn adflrcn`aðd prkvastn kd hn hktrn `) kd rkhn`aðd n hns suevkd`aldks quk rk`aend `undgl kh ðrbndl `ld`kgkdtk skn udn Ngcadastrn`aðd Yÿeha`n. Hns Ngcadastrn`aldks Yÿeha`ns pueha`nrîd hn rkhn`aðd gk hls eakdks adcukehks quk sknd gk su prlpakgng l slerk hls quk lstkdtkd nhbÿd gkrk`ml rknh.
k. @ldtrlh Kh `ucphacakdtl plr hn Ngcadastrn`aðd Bkdkrnh gkh Kstngl gk hns lehabn`aldks ndtkralrks skrî leoktl gk `ldtrlh plr pnrtk gkh @ldskol gk Wrndspnrkd`an y Eukd Bleakrdl. Kd kokr`a`al gk hn `lcpktkd`an ndtkralr, kh @ldskol gk Wrndspnrkd`an y Eukd Bleakrdl, gk n`ukrgl `ld kh prl`kgacakdtl quk sk prkvkn rkbhnckdtnranckdtk, plgrî ga`tnr rkslhu`aldks kd hns quk sk kstnehkz`nd hns ckgagns quk skn dk`ksnral nglptnr pnrn kh `ksk gkh ad`ucphacakdtl y kh ada`al gk hns n`tun`aldks gas`aphadnrans quk prl`kgnd. Kh ad`ucphacakdtl rkatkrngl gk hns lehabn`aldks gk pueha`agng n`tavn tkdgrî hn `ldsagkrn`aðd gk adfrn``aðd brnvk n hls kfk`tls gk npha`n`aðd n sus rkspldsnehks gkh rábackd gas`aphadnral prkvastl kd hn `lrrkspldgakdtk dlrcntavn rkbuhnglrn.
f. Ylrtnh gk hn Wrndspnrkd`an Hn Ngcadastrn`aðd Bkdkrnh gkh Kstngl gksnrrlhhnrî ud Ylrtnh gk hn Wrndspnrkd`an, gkpkdgakdtk gkh Cadastkral gk hn Yrksagkd`an, quk fn`ahatnrî kh n``ksl gk hls `augngndls n tlgn hn adflrcn`aðd n hn quk sk rkfakrkd hls kpãbrnfks ndtkralrks rkhntavn n su îceatl gk n`tun`aðd. Kh Ylrtnh gk hn Wrndspnrkd`an ad`huarî, kd hls tárcadls quk sk kstnehkz`nd rkbhnckdtnranckdtk, hn adflrcn`aðd gk hn Ngcadastrn`aðd Bkdkrnh gkh Kstngl, `uyl n``ksl sk slha`atk `ld cnylr frk`ukd`an. Hn Ngcadastrn`aðd Bkdkrnh gkh Kstngl, hns Ngcadastrn`aldks gk hns @lcudagngks Nutðdlcns y gk hns @augngks gk @kutn y Ckhahhn y hns kdtagngks quk adtkbrnd hn Ngcadastrn`aðd Hl`nh plgrîd nglptnr ltrns ckgagns `lcphkckdtnrans y gk `lhnelrn`aðd pnrn kh `ucphacakdtl gk hns lehabn`aldks gk trndspnrkd`an.
b. Yrad`apals tá`da`ls Kh Ylrtnh gk hn Wrndspnrkd`an `ldtkdgrî adflrcn`aðd pueha`ngn gk n`ukrgl `ld hns prks`rap`aldks tá`da`ns quk sk kstnehkz`nd rkbhnckdtnranckdtk quk gkekrîd ngk`unrsk n hls sabuakdtks prad`apals? n) N``ksaeahagng? sk prlplr`aldnrî adflrcn`aðd kstru`turngn slerk hls gl`uckdtls gl`uckdtls y rk`ursls gk adflrcn`aðd `ld vastns n fn`ahatnr hn agkdtafa`n`aðd y eÿsqukgn gk hn adflrcn`aðd. e) Adtkrlpkrneahagng? hn adflrcn`aðd pueha`ngn skrî `ldflrck `ldflrck nh Ksqukcn Dn`aldnh gk Adtkrlpkrneahagng, nprlengl plr kh Uknh Gk`rktl 7/59>9, gk = kdkrl, nsã `lcl n hns dlrcns tá`da`ns gk adtkrlpkrneahagng. `) Ukutahazn`aðd? sk flckdtnrî quk hn adflrcn`aðd skn pueha`ngn kd kd flrcntls quk pkrcatn su rkutahazn`aðd, gk n`ukrgl `ld hl prkvastl kd hn Hky 02/5992, gk >6 > 6 gk dlvakcerk, slerk rkutahazn`aðd gk hn adflrcn`aðd gkh sk`tlr pÿeha`l y kd su dlrcntavn gk gksnrrlhhl.
595
Wkcn 2
kgatlranh } `kp
@. Gkrk`ml gk n``ksl n hn adflrcn`aðd pÿeha`n n. Uábackd bkdkrnh • Gkrk`ml gk n``ksl n hn adflrcn`aðd pÿeha`n Wlgns hns pkrsldns takdkd gkrk`ml n n``kgkr n hn adflrcn`aðd pÿeha`n, kd hls tárcadls prkvastls kd kh nrtã`uhl >9;.e) gk hn @ldstatu`aðd Kspnþlhn, gksnrrlhhngls plr hn Hky >1/59>0, gk 1 gk ga`akcerk, gk trndspnrkd`an, n``ksl n hn adflrcn`aðd pÿeha`n y eukd bleakrdl. Nsacascl, y kd kh îceatl gk sus rkspk`tavns `lcpktkd`ans, skrî gk npha`n`aðd hn `lrrkspldgakdtk dlrcntavn nutldðca`n.
• Adflrcn`aðd pÿeha`n Pk kdtakdgk plr adflrcn`aðd pÿeha`n hls `ldtkdagls l gl`uckdtls, `unhquakrn quk skn su flrcntl l slplrtk, quk lerkd kd plgkr gk nhbudl gk hls suoktls ad`huagls kd kh îceatl gk npha`n`aðd gk kstk kpãbrnfk y quk mnynd sagl khnelrngls l ngquaragls kd kh kokr`a`al gk sus fud`aldks.
• Hãcatks nh gkrk`ml gk n``ksl Kh gkrk`ml gk n``ksl plgrî skr hacatngl `undgl n``kgkr n hn adflrcn`aðd supldbn ud pkroua`al pnrn? n) Hn skburagng dn`aldnh. e) Hn gkfkdsn. `) Hns rkhn`aldks kxtkralrks. g) Hn skburagng pÿeha`n. k) Hn prkvkd`aðd, advkstabn`aðd y snd`aðd gk hls ahã`atls pkdnhks, ngcadastrntavls l gas`aphadnrals. f) Hn abunhgng gk hns pnrtks kd hls prl`ksls ouga`anhks y hn tutkhn ouga`anh kfk`tavn. b) Hns fud`aldks ngcadastrntavns gk vabahnd`an, vabahnd`an, adspk``aðd y `ldtrlh. m) Hls adtkrksks k`ldðca`ls y `lckr`anhks. a) Hn plhãta`n k`ldðca`n y cldktnran. o) Kh sk`rktl prlfksaldnh y hn prlpakgng adtkhk`tunh k adgustranh. j) Hn bnrndtãn gk hn `ldfagkd`anhagng l kh sk`rktl rkqukragl kd prl`ksls gk tlcn gk gk`asaðd. h) Hn prltk``aðd gkh ckgal nceakdtk. Hn npha`n`aðd gk hls hãcatks skrî oustafa`ngn y prlplr`aldngn n su leoktl y fadnhagng gk prltk``aðd y ntkdgkrî n hns `ar`udstnd`ans gkh `nsl `ld`rktl, kspk`anhckdtk n hn `ld`urrkd`an gk ud adtkrás pÿeha`l l pravngl supkralr quk oustafaquk kh n``ksl. Hns rkslhu`aldks quk gk `ldflrcagng `ld hl prkvastl kd hn sk``aðd 5.ª sk ga`tkd kd npha`n`aðd gkh nrtã`uhl >7 gk hn Hky >1/59>0, gk 1 gk ga`akcerk, gk trndspnrkd`an, n``ksl n hn adflrcn`aðd pÿeha`n y eukd bleakrdl skrîd leoktl gk pueha`agng prkvan gasl`an`aðd gk hls gntls gk `nrî`tkr pkrsldnh quk `ldtuvakrnd y sad pkroua`al gk hl gaspukstl kd kh npnrtngl 0 gkh nrtã`uhl 59 gk hn Hky >1/59>0, gk 1 gk ga`akcerk, gk trndspnrkd`an, n``ksl n hn adflrcn`aðd pÿeha`n y eukd bleakrdl, udn vkz mnynd sagl dltafa`ngns n hls adtkrksngls.
Hky >>/59>6, gk 5= gk ouhal. Hky >1/59>0, gk 1 gk ga`akcerk
590
kgatlranh } `kp
• Yrltk``aðd gk gntls pkrsldnhks Pa hn adflrcn`aðd slha`atngn `ldtuvakrn gntls kspk`anhckdtk prltkbagls n hls quk sk rkfakrk kh npnrtngl 5 gkh nrtã`uhl 2 gk hn Hky Lrbîda`n >;/>111, gk >0 gk ga`akcerk, gk Yrltk``aðd gk Gntls gk @nrî`tkr Ykrsldnh, kh n``ksl ÿda`nckdtk sk plgrî nutlraznr kd `nsl gk quk sk `ldtnsk `ld kh `ldskdtacakdtl kxprksl y plr ks`ratl gkh nfk`tngl, n ckdls quk ga`ml nfk`tngl mueaksk mk`ml cndafakstnckdtk pÿeha`ls hls gntls `ld ndtkralragng n quk sk slha`atnsk kh n``ksl. Pa hn adflrcn`aðd ad`huyksk gntls kspk`anhckdtk prltkbagls n hls quk sk rkfakrk kh npnrtngl 0 gkh nrtã`uhl 2 gk hn Hky Lrbîda`n >;/>111, gk >0 gk ga`akcerk, l gntls rkhntavls n hn `lcasaðd gk adfrn``aldks pkdnhks l ngcadastrntavns quk dl `ldhhkvnskd hn ncldkstn`aðd pÿeha`n nh adfrn`tlr, kh n``ksl sðhl sk plgrî nutlraznr kd `nsl gk quk sk `ukdtk `ld kh `ldskdtacakdtl kxprksl gkh nfk`tngl l sa nquáh kstuvakrn ncpnrngl plr udn dlrcn `ld rndbl gk Hky. @ld `nrî`tkr bkdkrnh, y snhvl quk kd kh `nsl `ld`rktl prkvnhkz`n hn prltk``aðd gk gntls pkrsldnhks u ltrls gkrk`mls `ldstatu`aldnhckdtk prltkbagls slerk kh adtkrás pÿeha`l kd hn gavuhbn`aðd quk hl acpagn, sk `ld`kgkrî kh n``ksl n adflrcn`aðd quk `ldtkdbn gntls ckrnckdtk agkdtafa`ntavls rkhn`aldngls `ld hn lrbndazn`aðd, fud`aldncakdtl l n`tavagng pÿeha`n gkh ðrbndl. @undgl hn adflrcn`aðd slha`atngn dl `ldtuvakrn gntls kspk`anhckdtk prltkbagls, kh ðrbndl nh quk sk garaon hn slha`atug `ld`kgkrî kh n``ksl prkvan pldgkrn`aðd sufa`akdtkckdtk rnzldngn gkh adtkrás pÿeha`l kd hn gavuhbn`aðd gk hn adflrcn`aðd y hls gkrk`mls gk hls nfk`tngls `uyls gntls npnrkz`nd kd hn adflrcn`aðd slha`atngn, kd pnrta`uhnr su gkrk`ml fudgnckdtnh n hn prltk``aðd gk gntls gk `nrî`tkr pkrsldnh. Ynrn hn rknhazn`aðd gk hn `atngn pldgkrn`aðd, ga`ml ðrbndl tlcnrî pnrta`uhnrckdtk kd `ldsagkrn`aðd hls sabuakdtks `ratkrals? n) Kh ckdlr pkroua`al n hls nfk`tngls gkravngl gkh trnds`ursl gk hls phnzls kstnehk`agls kd kh nrtã`uhl ;2 gk hn Hky >6/>1=;, gk 5; gk oudal, gkh Yntracldal Mastðra`l Kspnþlh. e) Hn oustafa`n`aðd plr hls slha`atndtks gk su pkta`aðd kd kh kokr`a`al gk ud gkrk`ml l kh mk`ml gk quk tkdbnd hn `ldga`aðd gk advkstabnglrks y cltavkd kh n``ksl kd fadks mastðra`ls, `akdtãfa`ls l kstngãsta`ls. `) Kh ckdlr pkroua`al gk hls gkrk`mls gk hls nfk`tngls nfk`tngls kd `nsl gk quk hls gl`uckdtls ÿda`nckdtk `ldtuvakskd gntls gk `nrî`tkr ckrnckdtk agkdtafa`ntavl gk nquáhhls. g) Hn cnylr bnrndtãn gk hls gkrk`mls gkrk`mls gk hls nfk`tngls kd `nsl gk quk hls gntls `ldtkdagls kd kh gl`uckdtl pukgnd nfk`tnr n su adtacagng l n su skburagng, l sk rkfakrnd n ckdlrks gk kgng. Dl skrî npha`nehk hl kstnehk`agl ndtkralrckdtk sa kh n``ksl sk kfk`tÿn prkvan gasl`an`aðd gk hls gntls gk `nrî`tkr pkrsldnh gk clgl quk sk acpagn hn agkdtafa`n`aðd gk hns pkrsldns nfk`tngns. Hn dlrcntavn gk prltk``aðd prltk``aðd gk gntls pkrsldnhks skrî gk npha`n`aðd npha`n`aðd nh trntncakdtl plstkralr gk hls letkdagls n trnvás gkh kokr`a`al gkh gkrk`ml gk n``ksl.
• N``ksl pnr`anh Kd hls `nsls kd quk hn npha`n`aðd gk nhbudl gk hls hãcatks prkvastls kd kh nrtã`uhl >7 gk hn Hky >1/59>0, gk 1 gk ga`akcerk, gk trndspnrkd`an, n``ksl n hn adflrcn`aðd pÿeha`n y eukd bleakrdl dl nfk`tk n hn tltnhagng gk hn adflrcn`aðd, sk `ld`kgkrî kh n``ksl pnr`anh prkvan lcasaðd gk hn
597
Wkcn 2
kgatlranh } `kp
adflrcn`aðd nfk`tngn plr kh hãcatk snhvl quk gk khhl rksuhtk udn adflrcn`aðd gastlrsaldngn l quk `nrkz`n gk skdtagl. Kd kstk `nsl, gkekrî adga`nrsk nh slha`atndtk quk pnrtk gk hn adflrcn`aðd mn sagl lcatagn.
e. Kokr`a`al gkh gkrk`ml gk n``ksl n hn adflrcn`aðd pÿeha`n • Plha`atug gk n``ksl n hn adflrcn`aðd Kh prl`kgacakdtl pnrn kh kokr`a`al gkh gkrk`ml gk n``ksl sk ada`anrî `ld hn prkskdtn`aðd gk hn `lrrkspldgakdtk slha`atug, quk gkekrî garabarsk nh tatuhnr gkh ðrbndl ngcadastrntavl l kdtagng quk plskn hn adflrcn`aðd. @undgl sk trntk gk adflrcn`aðd kd plsksaðd gk pkrsldns fãsa`ns l ourãga`ns quk prkstkd skrva`als pÿeha`ls l kokrznd pltkstngks ngcadastrntavns, hn slha`atug sk garabarî n hn Ngcadastrn`aðd, lrbndascl l kdtagng gk hns prkvastns kd kh nrtã`uhl 5.> gk hn Hky >1/59>0, gk 1 gk ga`akcerk, gk trndspnrkd`an, n``ksl n hn adflrcn`aðd pÿeha`n y eukd bleakrdl n hns quk sk kd`ukdtrkd vad`uhngns. Hn slha`atug plgrî prkskdtnrsk plr `unhquakr ckgal quk pkrcatn tkdkr `ldstnd`an gk? n) Hn agkdtagng gkh gkh slha`atndtk. slha`atndtk. e) Hn adflrcn`aðd quk sk slha`atn. `) [dn gark``aðd gk `ldtn`tl, prkfkrkdtkckdtk khk`trðda`n, n kfk`tls kfk`tls gk `lcuda`n`aldks. `lcuda`n`aldks. g) Kd su `nsl, hn clgnhagng quk sk prkfakrn pnrn n``kgkr n hn adflrcn`aðd slha`atngn. Kh slha`atndtk dl kstî lehabngl n cltavnr su slha`atug gk n``ksl n hn adflrcn`aðd. Pad kcenrbl, plgrî kxpldkr hls cltavls plr hls quk slha`atn hn adflrcn`aðd y quk plgrîd skr tkdagls kd `ukdtn `undgl sk ga`tk hn rkslhu`aðd. Dl lestndtk, hn nuskd`an gk cltavn`aðd dl skrî plr sa slhn `nusn gk rk`mnzl gk hn slha`atug. Hls slha`atndtks gk adflrcn`aðd plgrîd garabarsk n hns Ngcadastrn`aldks Yÿeha`ns kd `unhquakrn gk hns hkdbuns `llfa`anhks gkh Kstngl kd kh tkrratlral kd kh quk rngaquk hn Ngcadastrn`aðd kd `ukstaðd.
• @nusns gk adngcasaðd Pk adngcatarîd n trîcatk, ckgandtk rkslhu`aðd cltavngn, hns slha`atugks? n) ^uk sk rkfakrnd n adflrcn`aðd quk kstá kd `ursl `ursl gk khnelrn`aðd l gk pueha`n`aðd bkdkrnh. e) Ukfkragns n adflrcn`aðd quk tkdbn `nrî`tkr nuxahanr l gk nplyl `lcl hn `ldtkdagn kd dltns, elrrnglrks, lpadaldks, rksÿckdks, `lcuda`n`aldks k adflrcks adtkrdls l kdtrk ðrbndls l kdtagngks ngcadastrntavns. `) Ukhntavns n adflrcn`aðd pnrn `uyn gavuhbn`aðd skn dk`ksnran udn n``aðd prkvan gk rkkhnelrn`aðd. g) Garabagns n ud ðrbndl kd `uyl plgkr dl lerk hn adflrcn`aðd `undgl `undgl sk gks`ldlz`n kh kh `lcpktkdtk. k) ^uk sknd cndafakstnckdtk rkpktatavns l tkdbnd ud `nrî`tkr neusavl dl oustafa`ngl `ld hn fadnhagng gk trndspnrkd`an gk hn Hky >1/59>0, gk 1 gk ga`akcerk, gk trndspnrkd`an, n``ksl n hn adflrcn`aðd pÿeha`n y eukd bleakrdl. Kd kh `nsl kd quk sk adngcatn hn slha`atug plr `ld`urrar hn `nusn prkvastn kd hn hktrn g) ndtkralr, kh ðrbndl quk n`ukrgk hn adngcasaðd gkekrî adga`nr kd hn rkslhu`aðd kh ðrbndl quk, n su oua`al, ks `lcpktkdtk pnrn `ldl`kr gk hn slha`atug.
Hky >>/59>6, gk 5= gk ouhal. Hky >1/59>0, gk 1 gk ga`akcerk
59;
kgatlranh } `kp
• Wrncatn`aðd Pa hn slha`atug sk rkfakrk n adflrcn`aðd quk dl lerk kd plgkr gkh suoktl nh quk sk garabk, ástk hn rkcatarî nh `lcpktkdtk, sa hl `ldl`akrn, k adflrcnrî gk kstn `ar`udstnd`an nh slha`atndtk. @undgl hn slha`atug dl agkdtafaquk gk flrcn sufa`akdtk hn adflrcn`aðd, sk pkgarî nh slha`atndtk quk hn `ld`rktk kd ud phnzl gk gakz gãns, `ld adga`n`aðd gk quk, kd `nsl gk dl mn`krhl, sk hk tkdgrî plr gksastagl, nsã `lcl gk hn suspkdsaðd gkh phnzl pnrn ga`tnr rkslhu`aðd. Pa hn adflrcn`aðd slha`atngn pugakrn nfk`tnr n gkrk`mls l adtkrksks gk tkr`krls, gkeagnckdtk agkdtafa`ngls, sk hks `ld`kgkrî ud phnzl gk quad`k gãns pnrn quk pukgnd rknhaznr hns nhkbn`aldks quk kstackd lplrtudns. Kh slha`atndtk gkekrî skr adflrcngl gk kstn `ar`udstnd`an, nsã `lcl gk hn suspkdsaðd gkh phnzl pnrn ga`tnr rkslhu`aðd mnstn quk sk mnynd rk`aeagl hns nhkbn`aldks l mnyn trnds`urragl kh phnzl pnrn su prkskdtn`aðd. @undgl hn adflrcn`aðd leoktl gk hn slha`atug, nud lerndgl kd plgkr gkh suoktl nh quk sk garabk, mnyn sagl khnelrngn l bkdkrngn kd su adtkbragng l pnrtk prad`apnh plr ltrl, sk hk rkcatarî hn slha`atug n ástk pnrn quk gk`agn slerk kh n``ksl.
• Ukslhu`aðd Hn rkslhu`aðd kd hn quk sk `ld`kgn l gkdakbuk kh n``ksl gkekrî dltafa`nrsk nh slha`atndtk y n hls tkr`krls nfk`tngls quk nsã hl mnynd slha`atngl kd kh phnzl cîxacl gk ud cks gksgk hn rk`kp`aðd gk hn slha`atug plr kh ðrbndl `lcpktkdtk pnrn rkslhvkr. Kstk phnzl plgrî ncphanrsk plr ltrl cks kd kh `nsl gk quk kh vlhuckd l hn `lcphkoagng gk hn adflrcn`aðd quk sk slha`atn nsã hl mnbnd dk`ksnral y prkvan dltafa`n`aðd nh slha`atndtk. Pkrîd cltavngns hns rkslhu`aldks quk gkdakbukd kh n``ksl, hns quk `ld`kgnd kh n``ksl pnr`anh l n trnvás gk udn clgnhagng gastadtn n hn slha`atngn y hns quk pkrcatnd kh n``ksl `undgl mnyn mneagl lplsa`aðd gk ud tkr`krl. Kd kstk ÿhtacl supukstl, sk adga`nrî kxprksnckdtk nh adtkrksngl quk kh n``ksl sðhl tkdgrî hubnr `undgl mnyn trnds`urragl kh phnzl gkh nrtã`uhl 55.5 gk hn Hky >1/59>0, gk 1 gk ga`akcerk, gk trndspnrkd`an, n``ksl n hn adflrcn`aðd pÿeha`n y eukd bleakrdl. @undgl hn ckrn adga`n`aðd gk hn kxastkd`an l dl gk hn adflrcn`aðd supusakrn hn vuhdkrn`aðd gk nhbudl gk hls hãcatks nh n``ksl sk adga`nrî kstn `ar`udstnd`an nh gkskstacnrsk hn slha`atug. Wrnds`urragl kh phnzl cîxacl pnrn rkslhvkr sad quk sk mnyn ga`tngl y dltafa`ngl rkslhu`aðd kxprksn sk kdtkdgkrî quk hn slha`atug mn sagl gkskstacngn. Hns rkslhu`aldks ga`tngns kd cntkran gk n``ksl n hn adflrcn`aðd pÿeha`n sld rk`urraehks gark`tnckdtk ndtk hn Ourasga``aðd @ldtkd`alsl-ngcadastrntavn, sad pkroua`al gk hn plsaeahagng gk adtkrplsa`aðd gk hn rk`hncn`aðd pltkstntavn prkvastn kd kh nrtã`uhl 57 gk hn Hky >1/59>0, gk 1 gk ga`akcerk, gk trndspnrkd`an, n``ksl n hn adflrcn`aðd pÿeha`n y eukd bleakrdl. Kh ad`ucphacakdtl rkatkrngl gk hn lehabn`aðd gk rkslhvkr kd phnzl tkdgrî hn `ldsagkrn`aðd gk adfrn``aðd brnvk n hls kfk`tls gk hn npha`n`aðd n sus rkspldsnehks gkh rábackd gas`aphadnral prkvastl kd hn `lrrkspldgakdtk dlrcntavn rkbuhnglrn.
• [dagngks gk adflrcn`aðd Hns Ngcadastrn`aldks Yÿeha`ns ad`huagns kd kh îceatl gk npha`n`aðd gk kstk kpãbrnfk kstnehk`krîd sastkcns pnrn adtkbrnr hn bkstaðd gk slha`atugks gk adflrcn`aðd gk hls `augngndls kd kh fud`aldncakdtl gk su lrbndazn`aðd adtkrdn.
596
Wkcn 2
kgatlranh } `kp
Kd kh îceatl gk hn Ngcadastrn`aðd Bkdkrnh gkh Kstngl, kxastarîd udagngks kspk`anhazngns quk tkdgrîd hns sabuakdtks fud`aldks? n) Uk`nenr y gafudgar hn adflrcn`aðd n hn quk sk rkfakrk kh `npãtuhl `npãtuhl AA gkh tãtuhl A gk hn Hky >1/59>0, gk 1 gk ga`akcerk, gk trndspnrkd`an, n``ksl n hn adflrcn`aðd pÿeha`n y eukd bleakrdl. e) Uk`aear y gnr trncatn`aðd n hns slha`atugks gk n``ksl n hn adflrcn`aðd. `) Uknhaznr hls trîcatks adtkrdls dk`ksnrals pnrn gnr n``ksl n hn adflrcn`aðd slha`atngn. slha`atngn. g) Uknhaznr kh skbuacakdtl y `ldtrlh gk hn `lrrk`tn `lrrk`tn trncatn`aðd gk hns slha`atugks gk n``ksl n hn adflrcn`aðd. k) Hhkvnr ud rkbastrl gk hns slha`atugks gk n``ksl n hn adflrcn`aðd. f) Nskburnr hn gaspldaeahagng kd hn rkspk`tavn pîbadn wke l skgk khk`trðda`n gk hn adflrcn`aðd `uyl n``ksl sk slha`atn `ld cîs frk`ukd`an. b) Cndtkdkr n`tunhazngl ud cnpn gk `ldtkdagls kd kh quk qukgkd agkdtafa`ngls hls gastadtls tapls gk adflrcn`aðd quk lerk kd plgkr gkh ðrbndl. m) Wlgns nqukhhns quk sknd dk`ksnrans pnrn nskburnr udn `lrrk`tn npha`n`aðd gk hns gasplsa`aldks gk hn Hky >1/59>0, gk 1 gk ga`akcerk, gk trndspnrkd`an, n``ksl n hn adflrcn`aðd pÿeha`n y eukd bleakrdl. Kh rkstl gk hns kdtagngks ad`huagns kd kh îceatl gk npha`n`aðd gk kstk kpãbrnfk agkdtafa`nrîd `hnrnckdtk kh ðrbndl `lcpktkdtk pnrn `ldl`kr gk hns slha`atugks gk n``ksl.
• Flrcnhazn`aðd gkh n``ksl Kh n``ksl n hn adflrcn`aðd sk rknhaznrî prkfkrkdtkckdtk plr vãn khk`trðda`n, snhvl `undgl dl skn plsaehk l kh slha`atndtk mnyn skþnhngl kxprksnckdtk ltrl ckgal. @undgl dl pukgn gnrsk kh n``ksl kd kh clckdtl gk hn dltafa`n`aðd gk hn rkslhu`aðd gkekrî ltlrbnrsk, kd `unhquakr `nsl, kd ud phnzl dl supkralr n gakz gãns. Pa mn kxastagl lplsa`aðd gk tkr`krl, kh n``ksl sðhl tkdgrî hubnr `undgl, mneaádglsk `ld`kgagl ga`ml n``ksl, mnyn trnds`urragl kh phnzl pnrn adtkrpldkr rk`ursl `ldtkd`alsl ngcadastrntavl sad quk sk mnyn flrcnhazngl l mnyn sagl rksukhtl `ldfarcndgl kh gkrk`ml n rk`aear hn adflrcn`aðd. Pa hn adflrcn`aðd yn mn sagl pueha`ngn, hn rkslhu`aðd plgrî hacatnrsk n adga`nr nh slha`atndtk `ðcl pukgk n``kgkr n khhn. Kh n``ksl n hn adflrcn`aðd skrî brntuatl. brntuatl. Dl lestndtk, lestndtk, hn kxpkga`aðd gk `lpans `lpans l hn trnsplsa`aðd gk hn adflrcn`aðd n ud flrcntl gafkrkdtk nh lrabadnh plgrî gnr hubnr n hn kxabkd`an gk kxn``aldks kd hls tárcadls prkvastls kd hn Hky =/>1=1, gk >0 gk nerah, gk Wnsns y Yrk`als Yÿeha`ls, l, kd su `nsl, `ldflrck n hn dlrcntavn dlrcntavn nutldðca`n l hl`nh quk rksuhtk npha`nehk.
`. Uábackd gk acpubdn`aldks • Uk`ursls Hn rk`hncn`aðd prkvastn kd kh nrtã`uhl 57 gk hn Hky >1/59>0, gk 1 gk ga`akcerk, gk trndspnrkd`an, n``ksl n hn adflrcn`aðd pÿeha`n y eukd bleakrdl sabuakdtk tkdgrî hn `ldsagkrn`aðd gk sustatutavn Hky >>/59>6, gk 5= gk ouhal. Hky >1/59>0, gk 1 gk ga`akcerk
592
kgatlranh } `kp
gk hls rk`ursls ngcadastrntavls gk `ldflrcagng `ld hl gaspukstl kd kh nrtã`uhl >>5.5 gk hn Hky 01/59>;, gk > gk l`tuerk, gkh Yrl`kgacakdtl Ngcadastrntavl @lcÿd gk hns Ngcadastrn`aldks Yÿeha`ns. Dl lestndtk hl gaspukstl ndtkralrckdtk, `ldtrn hns rkslhu`aldks ga`tngns plr hls ðrbndls prkvastls kd kh nrtã`uhl 5.>.f) gk hn Hky >1/59>0, gk 1 gk ga`akcerk, gk trndspnrkd`an, n``ksl n hn adflrcn`aðd pÿeha`n y eukd bleakrdl sðhl `nerî hn adtkrplsa`aðd gk rk`ursl `ldtkd`alsl-ngcadastrntavl.
• Uk`hncn`aðd ndtk kh @ldskol gk Wrndspnrkd`an y Eukd Bleakrdl Frkdtk n tlgn rkslhu`aðd kxprksn l prksudtn kd cntkran gk n``ksl plgrî adtkrpldkrsk udn rk`hncn`aðd ndtk kh @ldskol gk Wrndspnrkd`an y Eukd Bleakrdl, `ld `nrî`tkr pltkstntavl y prkval n su acpubdn`aðd kd vãn `ldtkd`alsl-ngcadastrntavn. Hn rk`hncn`aðd sk adtkrpldgrî kd kh phnzl gk ud cks n `ldtnr gksgk kh gãn sabuakdtk nh gk hn dltafa`n`aðd gkh n`tl acpubdngl l gksgk kh gãn sabuakdtk n nqukh kd quk sk prlguz`nd hls kfk`tls gkh sahkd`al ngcadastrntavl. Hn trncatn`aðd gk hn rk`hncn`aðd sk noustnrî n hl gaspukstl kd cntkran gk rk`ursls kd hn Hky 01/59>;, gk > gk l`tuerk, gkh Yrl`kgacakdtl Ngcadastrntavl @lcÿd gk hns Ngcadastrn`aldks Yÿeha`ns. @undgl hn gkdkbn`aðd gkh n``ksl n hn adflrcn`aðd sk fudgnckdtk kd hn prltk``aðd gk gkrk`mls l adtkrksks gk tkr`krls sk ltlrbnrî, prkvanckdtk n hn rkslhu`aðd gk hn rk`hncn`aðd, trîcatk gk nugakd`an n hns pkrsldns quk pugakrnd rksuhtnr nfk`tngns pnrn quk nhkbukd hl quk n su gkrk`ml `ldvkdbn. Kh phnzl cîxacl pnrn rkslhvkr y dltafa`nr hn rkslhu`aðd skrî gk trks cksks, trnds`urragl kh `unh, hn rk`hncn`aðd sk kdtkdgkrî gkskstacngn. Hns rkslhu`aldks gkh @ldskol gk Wrndspnrkd`an y Eukd Bleakrdl sk pueha`nrîd, prkvan gasl`an`aðd gk hls gntls gk `nrî`tkr pkrsldnh quk `ldtuvakrnd, plr ckgals khk`trðda`ls y kd hls tárcadls kd quk sk kstnehkz`n rkbhnckdtnranckdtk, udn vkz sk mnynd dltafa`ngl n hls adtkrksngls. Kh Yrksagkdtk gkh @ldskol gk Wrndspnrkd`an y Eukd Bleakrdl `lcuda`nrî nh Gkfkdslr gkh Yukehl hns rkslhu`aldks quk ga`tk kd npha`n`aðd gkh nrtã`uhl 57 gk hn Hky >1/59>0, gk 1 gk ga`akcerk, gk trndspnrkd`an, n``ksl n hn adflrcn`aðd pÿeha`n y eukd bleakrdl. Hn `lcpktkd`an pnrn `ldl`kr gk ga`mns rk`hncn`aldks `lrrkspldgkrî nh @ldskol gk Wrndspnrkd`an y Eukd Bleakrdl, snhvl kd nqukhhls supukstls kd quk hns @lcudagngks Nutðdlcns ntraeuynd ga`mn `lcpktkd`an n ud ðrbndl kspk`ãfa`l, gk n`ukrgl `ld hl kstnehk`agl kd hn gasplsa`aðd nga`aldnh `unrtn gk hn Hky >1/59>0, gk 1 gk ga`akcerk, gk trndspnrkd`an, n``ksl n hn adflrcn`aðd pÿeha`n y eukd bleakrdl.
5.0 Eukd Bleakrdl N. Îceatl gk npha`n`aðd Kd kh îceatl gk hn Ngcadastrn`aðd Bkdkrnh gkh Kstngl hns gasplsa`aldks gk kstk kpãbrnfk sk npha`nrîd n hls cakcerls gkh Bleakrdl, n hls Pk`rktnrals gk Kstngl y nh rkstl gk hls nhtls `nrbls gk
59=
Wkcn 2
kgatlranh } `kp
hn Ngcadastrn`aðd Bkdkrnh gkh Kstngl y gk hns kdtagngks gkh sk`tlr pÿeha`l kstntnh, gk Gkrk`ml pÿeha`l l pravngl, vad`uhngns l gkpkdgakdtks gk nqukhhn. N kstls kfk`tls, sk `ldsagkrnrîd nhtls `nrbls hls quk tkdbnd tnh `ldsagkrn`aðd kd npha`n`aðd gk hn dlrcntavn kd cntkran gk `ldfha`tls gk adtkrksks.
Hl nquã gaspukstl skrî gk npha`n`aðd n hls nhtls nhtls `nrbls l nsacahngls quk, gk n`ukrgl `ld hn dlrcntavn nutldðca`n l hl`nh quk skn gk npha`n`aðd, tkdbnd tnh `ldsagkrn`aðd, ad`huagls hls cakcerls gk hns Oudtns gk Bleakrdl gk hns Kdtagngks Hl`nhks.
Hn npha`n`aðd n hls suoktls ndtkralrks gk hns gasplsa`aldks `ldtkdagns kd kstk kpãbrnfk dl nfk`tnrî, kd dadbÿd `nsl, n hn `ldga`aðd gk `nrbl khk`tl quk pugakrnd lstkdtnr.
E. Yrad`apals gk eukd bleakrdl Hns pkrsldns `lcprkdgagns kd kh îceatl gk npha`n`aðd gk kstk kpãbrnfk leskrvnrîd kd kh kokr`a`al gk sus fud`aldks hl gaspukstl kd hn @ldstatu`aðd Kspnþlhn y kd kh rkstl gkh lrgkdncakdtl ourãga`l y prlclvkrîd kh rkspktl n hls gkrk`mls fudgnckdtnhks y n hns haekrtngks pÿeha`ns. Nsacascl, ngk`unrîd su n`tavagng n hls sabuakdtks? n) Yrad`apals bkdkrnhks? >.¿ N`tunrîd `ld trndspnrkd`an kd hn bkstaðd gk hls nsudtls pÿeh a`ls, gk n`ukrgl `ld hls prad`apals gk kfa`n`an, k`ldlcãn y kfa`akd`an y `ld kh leoktavl gk sntasfn`kr kh adtkrás bkdkrnh. 5.¿ Kokr`krîd sus fud`aldks `ld gkga`n`aðd nh skrva`al pÿeha`l, nestkdaádglsk gk `unhquakr `ldgu`tn quk skn `ldtrnran n kstls prad`apals. 0.¿ Ukspktnrîd kh prad`apal gk acpnr`anhagng, gk clgl quk cndtkdbnd ud `ratkral adgkpkdgakdtk y nokdl n tlgl adtkrás pnrta`uhnr. 7.¿ Nskburnrîd ud trntl abunh y sad gas`racadn`aldks gk dadbÿd tapl kd kh kokr`a`al gk sus fud`aldks. ;.¿ N`tunrîd `ld hn gahabkd`an gkeagn kd kh `ucphacakdtl gk sus lehabn`aldks y flckdtnrîd hn `nhagng kd hn prkstn`aðd gk skrva`als pÿeha`ls. 6.¿ Cndtkdgrîd udn `ldgu`tn gabdn y trntnrîd n hls `augngndls `ld ksckrngn `lrrk``aðd. 2.¿ Nsucarîd hn rkspldsneahagng gk hns gk`asaldks y n`tun`aldks prlpans y gk hls lrbndascls quk garabkd, sad pkroua`al gk ltrns quk fukrnd kxabaehks hkbnhckdtk. e) Yrad`apals gk n`tun`aðd? >.¿ Gkskcpkþnrîd su n`tavagng `ld phkdn gkga`n`aðd y `ld phkdl rkspktl n hn dlrcntavn rkbuhnglrn gk hns ad`lcpntaeahagngks y hls `ldfha`tls gk adtkrksks. 5.¿ Bunrgnrîd hn gkeagn rkskrvn rkspk`tl n hls mk`mls l adflrcn`aldks `ldl`agls `ld cltavl u l`nsaðd gkh kokr`a`al gk sus `lcpktkd`ans. 0.¿ Yldgrîd kd `ldl`acakdtl gk hls ðrbndls `lcpktkdtks `unhquakr n`tun`aðd arrkbuhnr gk hn `unh tkdbnd `ldl`acakdtl.
Hky >>/59>6, gk 5= gk ouhal. Hky >1/59>0, gk 1 gk ga`akcerk
591
kgatlranh } `kp
7.¿ Kokr`krîd hls plgkrks quk hks ntraeuyk hn dlrcntavn vabkdtk `ld hn fadnhagng kx`husavn pnrn hn quk fukrld ltlrbngls y kvatnrîd tlgn n``aðd quk pukgn pldkr kd raksbl kh adtkrás pÿeha`l l kh pntracldal gk hns Ngcadastrn`aldks. ;.¿ Dl sk acpha`nrîd kd satun`aldks, n`tavagngks l adtkrksks ad`lcpntaehks `ld sus fud`aldks y sk nestkdgrîd gk adtkrvkdar kd hls nsudtls kd quk `ld`urrn nhbudn `nusn quk pukgn nfk`tnr n su leoktavagng. 6.¿ Dl n`kptnrîd pnrn sã rkbnhls quk supkrkd hls usls mneatunhks, sl`anhks l gk `lrtksãn, da fnvlrks l skrva`als kd `ldga`aldks vkdtnolsns quk pukgnd `ldga`aldnr kh gksnrrlhhl gk sus fud`aldks. Kd kh `nsl gk leskquals gk udn cnylr rkhkvnd`an adstatu`aldnh sk prl`kgkrî n su ad`lrplrn`aðd nh pntracldal gk hn Ngcadastrn`aðd Yÿeha`n `lrrkspldgakdtk. 2.¿ Gkskcpkþnrîd sus fud`aldks `ld trndspnrkd`an. =.¿ Bkstaldnrîd, prltkbkrîd y `ldskrvnrîd ngk`ungnckdtk hls rk`ursls pÿeha`ls, quk dl plgrîd skr utahazngls pnrn n`tavagngks quk dl sknd hns pkrcatagns plr hn dlrcntavn quk skn gk npha`n`aðd. 1.¿ Dl sk vnhgrîd gk su plsa`aðd kd hn Ngcadastrn`aðd pnrn letkdkr vkdtnons pkrsldnhks l cntkranhks. Hls prad`apals kstnehk`agls ndtkralrckdtk adflrcnrîd hn adtkrprktn`aðd y npha`n`aðd gkh rábackd snd`aldnglr.
@. Adfrn``aldks y snd`aldks kd cntkran gk `ldfha`tl gk adtkrksks Kh ad`ucphacakdtl gk hns dlrcns gk ad`lcpntaeahagngks l gk hns quk rkbuhnd hns gk`hnrn`aldks quk mnd gk rknhaznr hns pkrsldns nquã `lcprkdgagns skrî snd`aldngl gk `ldflrcagng `ld hl gaspukstl kd hn dlrcntavn kd cntkran gk `ldfha`tls gk adtkrksks gk hn Ngcadastrn`aðd Bkdkrnh gkh Kstngl y pnrn kh rkstl gk Ngcadastrn`aldks gk n`ukrgl `ld su prlpan dlrcntavn quk rksuhtk gk npha`n`aðd.
G. Adfrn``aldks kd cntkran gk bkstaðd k`ldðca`l-prksupukstnran @ldstatuykd adfrn``aldks cuy brnvks hns sabuakdtks `ldgu`tns `undgl sknd `uhpnehks? n) Hn ad`ursaðd kd nh`nd`k kd hn ngcadastrn`aðd gk hls fldgls pÿeha`ls `undgl hn `ldgu`tn `ldgu`tn dl skn suesucaehk kd dadbudl gk hls tapls quk sk `ldtkcphnd kd hns hktrns sabuakdtks. e) Hn ngcadastrn`aðd gk hls rk`ursls y gkcîs gkrk`mls gk hn Mn`akdgn Yÿeha`n Yÿeha`n sad suok`aðd n hns gasplsa`aldks quk rkbuhnd su haquagn`aðd, rk`nugn`aðd l adbrksl kd kh Wkslrl. `) Hls `lcprlcasls gk bnstls, bnstls, rk`ldl`acakdtl gk lehabn`aldks y lrgkdn`aðd lrgkdn`aðd gk pnbls sad `rágatl sufa`akdtk pnrn rknhaznrhls l `ld adfrn``aðd gk hl gaspukstl kd hn Hky 72/5990, gk 56 gk dlvakcerk, Bkdkrnh Yrksupukstnran, l kd hn gk Yrksupukstls u ltrn dlrcntavn prksupukstnran quk skn npha`nehk. g) Hn lcasaðd gkh trîcatk gk adtkrvkd`aðd prkvan gk hls bnstls, lehabn`aldks l pnbls, `undgl ástn rksuhtk prk`kptavn l gkh prl`kgacakdtl gk rkslhu`aðd gk gas`rkpnd`ans frkdtk n hls rkpnrls suspkdsavls gk hn adtkrvkd`aðd, rkbuhngl kd hn dlrcntavn prksupukstnran.
5>9
Wkcn 2
kgatlranh } `kp
k) Hn nuskd`an gk oustafa`n`aðd gk hn advkrsaðd gk hls fldgls n hls quk sk rkfakrkd hls nrtã`uhls 2= y 21 gk hn Hky 72/5990, gk g k 56 gk dlvakcerk, Bkdkrnh Yrksupukstnran, l, kd su `nsl, hn dlrcntavn prksupukstnran kquavnhkdtk gk hns ngcadastrn`aldks gastadtns gk hn Bkdkrnh gkh Kstngl. f) Kh ad`ucphacakdtl gk hn lehabn`aðd gk gkstadnr ãdtkbrnckdtk hls adbrksls letkdagls plr kd`acn gk hls prkvastls kd kh prksupukstl n hn rkgu``aðd gkh davkh gk gkugn pÿeha`n gk `ldflrcagng `ld hl prkvastl kd kh nrtã`uhl >5.; gk hn Hky Lrbîda`n 5/59>5, gk 52 gk nerah, gk Kstneahagng Yrksupukstnran y Plstkdaeahagng Fadnd`akrn y kh ad`ucphacakdtl gk hn lehabn`aðd gkh gkstadl gkh supkrîvat prksupukstnral n hn rkgu``aðd gkh davkh gk kdgkugncakdtl dktl kd hls tárcadls prkvastls kd kh nrtã`uhl 05 y hn gasplsa`aðd nga`aldnh skxtn gk hn `atngn Hky. b) Hn rknhazn`aðd gk lpkrn`aldks gk `rágatl y kcasaldks gk gkugns quk dl `ukdtkd `ld hn prk`kptavn prk`kptavn nutlrazn`aðd l, mneaádglhn letkdagl, dl sk `ucphn `ld hl kd khhn prkvastl l sk supkrkd hls hãcatks prkvastls kd hn Hky Lrbîda`n 5/59>5, gk 52 gk nerah, hn Hky Lrbîda`n =/>1=9, gk 55 gk skptakcerk, gk Fadnd`an`aðd gk hns @lcudagngks Nutðdlcns, y kd kh Wkxtl Ukfudgagl gk hn Hky Ukbuhnglrn gk hns Mn`akdgns Hl`nhks, nprlengl plr kh Uknh Gk`rktl Hkbashntavl 5/5997, gk ; gk cnrzl. m) Hn dl nglp`aðd kd phnzl gk hns ckgagns dk`ksnrans pnrn kvatnr kh raksbl gk ad`ucphacakdtl, `undgl sk mnyn flrcuhngl hn ngvkrtkd`an prkvastn kd kh nrtã`uhl >1 gk hn Hky Lrbîda`n 5/59>5, gk 52 gk nerah. a) Hn sus`rap`aðd gk ud @ldvkdal gk `lhnelrn`aðd l `ld`ksaðd gk udn suevkd`aðd n udn Ngcadastrn`aðd Yÿeha`n quk dl `ukdtk `ld kh adflrck fnvlrnehk gkh Cadastkral gk Mn`akdgn y Ngcadastrn`aldks Yÿeha`ns prkvastl kd kh nrtã`uhl 59.0 gk hn Hky Lrbîda`n 5/59>5, gk 52 gk nerah. o) Hn dl prkskdtn`aðd l hn fnhtn gk pukstn kd cnr`mn kd phnzl gkh phnd k`ldðca`l-fadnd`akrl l gkh phnd gk rkkquahaeral gk `ldflrcagng `ld kh nrtã`uhl 50 gk hn Hky Lrbîda`n 5/59>5, gk 52 gk nerah. j) Kh ad`ucphacakdtl gk hns lehabn`aldks gk pueha`n`aðd l gk sucadastrl gk adflrcn`aðd prkvastns kd kd hn dlrcntavn prksupukstnran y k`ldðca`l-fadnd`akrn, sakcprk quk kd kstk ÿhtacl `nsl sk mueakrn flrcuhngl rkqukracakdtl. h) Hn fnhtn gk oustafa`n`aðd gk hn gksvan`aðd, l `undgl nsã sk hk mnyn rkqukragl hn fnhtn gk ad`husaðd gk dukvns ckgagns kd kh phnd k`ldðca`l-fadnd`akrl l kd kh phnd gk rkkquahaeral gk n`ukrgl `ld kh nrtã`uhl 57.0 gk hn Hky Lrbîda`n 5/59>5, gk 52 gk nerah. c) Hn dl nglp`aðd gk hns ckgagns prkvastns kd hls phndks k`ldðca`l-fadnd`akrls y gk rkkquahaeral, skbÿd `lrrkspldgn, prkvastls kd hls nrtã`uhls 5> y 55 gk hn Hky Lrbîda`n 5/59>5, gk 52 gk nerah. d) Hn dl nglp`aðd kd kh phnzl prkvastl gkh n`ukrgl gk dl gaspldaeahagng nh quk sk rkfakrkd hls nrtã`uhls 59.;.n) y 5; gk hn Hky Lrbîda`n 5/59>5, gk 52 gk nerah, nsã `lcl hn dl `ldstatu`aðd gkh gkpðsatl prkvastl kd kh `atngl nrtã`uhl 5; gk hn cascn Hky, `undgl nsã sk mnyn slha`atngl. þ) Hn dl nglp`aðd gk ud n`ukrgl gk dl gaspldaeahagng, hn dl `ldstatu`aðd gkh gkpðsatl gkpðsatl quk sk mueakrk slha`atngl l hn fnhtn gk kok`u`aðd gk hns ckgagns prlpukstns plr hn @lcasaðd gk Kxpkrtls `undgl sk mueakrk flrcuhngl kh rkqukracakdtl gkh Bleakrdl prkvastl kd kh nrtã`uhl 56.> gk hn Hky Lrbîda`n 5/59>5, gk 52 gk nerah. l) Kh ad`ucphacakdtl gk hns adstru``aldks gngns plr kh Bleakrdl pnrn kok`utnr hns ckgagns prkvastns kd kh nrtã`uhl 56.> gk hn Hky Lrbîda`n 5/59>5, gk 52 gk nerah. p) Kh ad`ucphacakdtl gk hn lehabn`aðd gk rkdgar rkdgar `ukdtns rkbuhngn kd kh nrtã`uhl >02 gk hn Hky 72/5990, gk 56 gk dlvakcerk, Bkdkrnh Yrksupukstnran u ltrn dlrcntavn prksupukstnran quk skn npha`nehk.
Hky >>/59>6, gk 5= gk ouhal. Hky >1/59>0, gk 1 gk ga`akcerk
5>>
kgatlranh } `kp
K. Adfrn``aldks Adfrn``aldks gas`aphadnrans n. Adfrn``aldks cuy brnvks Pld adfrn``aldks cuy brnvks? n) Kh ad`ucphacakdtl gkh gkekr gk rkspktl n hn @ldstatu`aðd y n hls rkspk`tavls Kstntutls gk Nutldlcãn gk hns @lcudagngks Nutðdlcns y @augngks gk @kutn y Ckhahhn, kd kh kokr`a`al gk sus fud`aldks. e) Wlgn n`tun`aðd quk supldbn gas`racadn`aðd plr rnzðd gk lrabkd rn`anh l átda`l, rkhabaðd l `ldva``aldks, gas`npn`agng, kgng u lrakdtn`aðd skxunh, hkdbun, lpadaðd, hubnr gk dn`acakdtl l vk`adgng, skxl l `unhquakr ltrn `ldga`aðd l `ar`udstnd`an pkrsldnh l sl`anh, nsã `lcl kh n`lsl plr rnzðd gk lrabkd rn`anh l átda`l, rkhabaðd l `ldva``aldks, gas`npn`agng, kgng u lrakdtn`aðd skxunh y kh n`lsl clrnh, skxunh y plr rnzðd gk skxl. `) Hn nglp`aðd gk n`ukrgls cndafakstnckdtk ahkbnhks quk `nuskd pkroua`al brnvk n hn Ngcadastrn`aðd l n hls `augngndls. g) Hn pueha`n`aðd l utahazn`aðd adgkeagn gk hn gl`uckdtn`aðd gl`uckdtn`aðd l adflrcn`aðd n quk tkdbnd l mnynd tkdagl n``ksl plr rnzðd gk su `nrbl l fud`aðd. k) Hn dkbhabkd`an kd hn `ustlgan gk sk`rktls sk`rktls lfa`anhks, gk`hnrngls nsã plr Hky l `hnsafa`ngls `lcl tnhks, quk skn `nusn gk su pueha`n`aðd l quk prlvlquk su gafusaðd l `ldl`acakdtl adgkeagl. f) Kh dltlral ad`ucphacakdtl gk hns fud`aldks kskd`anhks admkrkdtks admkrkdtks nh pukstl gk trnenol l fud`aldks kd`lckdgngns. b) Hn valhn`aðd gk hn acpnr`anhagng, utahazndgl hns fn`uhtngks ntraeuagns pnrn adfhuar kd prl`ksls khk`tlrnhks gk `unhquakr dnturnhkzn y îceatl. m) Hn prkvnhkd`an gk hn `ldga`aðd gk nhtl `nrbl pnrn letkdkr ud ekdkfa`al adgkeagl pnrn sã l pnrn ltrl. a) Hn lestn`uhazn`aðd nh kokr`a`al gk hns haekrtngks pÿeha`ns y gkrk`mls gkrk`mls sadga`nhks. o) Hn rknhazn`aðd gk n`tls kd`ncadngls n `lnrtnr kh haerk kokr`a`al gkh gkrk`ml gk mukhbn. j) Kh n`lsl hnelrnh. h) Hn `lcasaðd gk udn adfrn``aðd brnvk `undgl kh nutlr mueakrn sagl snd`aldngl plr gls adfrn``aldks brnvks n hl hnrbl gkh nþl ndtkralr `ldtrn hns quk dl qukpn rk`ursl kd hn vãn ngcadastrntavn.
e. Adfrn``aldks Adfrn``aldks brnvks Pld adfrn``aldks brnvks? n) Kh neusl gk nutlragng kd kh kokr`a`al gkh `nrbl. `nrbl. e) Hn adtkrvkd`aðd kd ud prl`kgacakdtl ngcadastrntavl `undgl sk gá nhbudn gk hns `nusns gk nestkd`aðd hkbnhckdtk skþnhngns. `) Hn kcasaðd gk adflrcks y hn nglp`aðd gk n`ukrgls cndafakstnckdtk ahkbnhks `undgl `nuskd `nuskd pkroua`al n hn Ngcadastrn`aðd l n hls `augngndls y dl `ldstatuynd adfrn``aðd cuy brnvk.
5>5
Wkcn 2
kgatlranh } `kp
g) Dl bunrgnr kh gkeagl sabahl rkspk`tl n hls nsudtls quk sk `ldlz`nd plr rnzðd gkh `nrbl, `undgl `nuskd pkroua`al n hn Ngcadastrn`aðd l sk utaha`k kd prlvk`ml prlpal. k) Kh ad`ucphacakdtl gk hls phnzls u ltrns gasplsa`aldks gasplsa`aldks gk prl`kgacakdtl kd cntkran gk ad`lcpntaeahagngks, `undgl dl supldbn kh cndtkdacakdtl gk udn satun`aðd gk ad`lcpntaeahagng. f) Hn `lcasaðd gk udn adfrn``aðd hkvk `undgl kh nutlr mueakrn sagl snd`aldngl plr gls adfrn``aldks hkvks n hl hnrbl gkh nþl ndtkralr `ldtrn hns quk dl qukpn rk`ursl kd hn vãn ngcadastrntavn.
`. Adfrn``a Adfrn``aldks ldks hkvks Pld adfrn``aldks hkvks? n) Hn ad`lrrk``aðd `ld hls supkralrks, supkralrks, `lcpnþkrls l suelrgadngls. e) Kh gks`uagl l dkbhabkd`an kd kh kokr`a`al gk sus fud`aldks y kh ad`ucphacakdtl gk hls prad`apals gk eukd bleakrdl `undgl khhl dl `ldstatuyn adfrn``aðd brnvk l cuy brnvk l hn `ldgu`tn dl sk kd`ukdtrk tapafa`ngn kd ltrn dlrcn.
F. Pnd`aldks Ylr hn `lcasaðd gk udn adfrn``aðd brnvk sk acpldgrîd nh adfrn`tlr nhbudns gk hns sabuakdtks snd`aldks? n) Hn gk`hnrn`aðd gkh ad`ucphaca ad`ucphacakdtl kdtl y su pueha`n`aðd kd kh «Elhktãd Lfa`anh gkh Kstnglº l ganral lfa`anh quk `lrrkspldgn.
Hns adfrn``aldks hkvks hkvks skrîd snd`aldngns `ld udn ncldkstn`aðd.
e) Hn dl pkr`kp`aðd, kd kh `nsl gk quk hn hhkvnrn npnrkongn, gk hn `lrrkspldgakdtk adgkcdazn`aðd pnrn kh `nsl gk `ksk kd kh `nrbl. Kd kh `nsl gk hns adfrn``aldks cuy brnvks, sk acpldgrîd kd tlgl `nsl hns snd`aldks prkvastns kd kh ndtkralrckdtk. Hls snd`aldngls plr hn `lcasaðd gk udn adfrn``aðd cuy brnvk skrîd gkstatuagls gkh `nrbl quk l`upkd snhvl quk yn mueakskd `ksngl y dl plgrîd skr dlcerngls pnrn l`upnr dadbÿd pukstl gk nhtl `nrbl l nsacahngl gurndtk ud pkralgl gk kdtrk `ad`l y gakz nþls `ld nrrkbhl n hls `ratkrals prkvastls skbuagnckdtk. Hn `lcasaðd gk adfrn``aldks cuy brnvks, brnvks l hkvks sk snd`aldnrî gk n`ukrgl `ld hls `ratkrals rk`lbagls kd kh nrtã`uhl 51.0 gk hn Hky 79/59>;, gk > gk l`tuerk, gk Uábackd Ourãga`l gkh Pk`tlr Yÿeha`l? n) Hn dnturnhkzn y kdtagng gk hn adfrn``aðd. e) Hn brnvkgng gkh pkhabrl l`nsaldngl l gkh pkroua`al `nusngl. `) Hns bndnd`ans letkdagns, kd kd su `nsl, `lcl `lcl `ldsk`ukd`an gk hls n`tls u lcasaldks lcasaldks `ldstatutavls gk hn adfrn``aðd. g) Hns `ldsk`ukd`ans gksfnvlrnehks gk hls mk`mls pnrn hn Mn`akdgn Yÿeha`n rkspk`tavn. k) Hn `ar`udstnd`an gk mnekr prl`kgagl n hn suesndn`aðd gk hn adfrn``aðd plr plr prlpan ada`antavn. f) Hn rkpnrn`aðd gk hls gnþls l pkroua`als `nusngls.
Hky >>/59>6, gk 5= gk ouhal. Hky >1/59>0, gk 1 gk ga`akcerk
5>0
kgatlranh } `kp
Kd hn brngun`aðd gk hns snd`aldks sk vnhlrnrî hn kxastkd`an gk pkroua`als pnrn kh adtkrás pÿeha`l, hn rkpkr`usaðd gk hn `ldgu`tn kd hls `augngndls, y, kd su `nsl, hn pkr`kp`aðd adgkeagn gk `ndtagngks plr kh gkskcpkþl gk n`tavagngks pÿeha`ns ad`lcpntaehks. @undgl hns adfrn``aldks pugakrnd skr `ldstatutavns gk gkhatl, hn Ngcadastrn`aðd Ngcadastrn`aðd pldgrî hls mk`mls kd `ldl`acakdtl gkh Fas`nh Bkdkrnh gkh Kstngl y sk nestkdgrî gk skbuar kh prl`kgacakdtl cakdtrns hn nutlragng ouga`anh dl ga`tk udn rkslhu`aðd quk pldbn f ad nh prl`ksl pkdnh.
@undgl hls mk`mls kstád tapafa`ngls `lcl adfrn``aðd kd udn dlrcn ngcadastrntavn kspk`anh, sk gnrî `ukdtn gk hls cascls n hn Ngcadastrn`aðd `lcpktkdtk pnrn hn adstru``aðd gkh `lrrkspldgakdtk prl`kgacakdtl snd`aldnglr, suspkdgaádglsk hns n`tun`aldks mnstn hn tkrcadn`aðd gk nqukh. Dl sk `ldsagkrnrî dlrcntavn kspk`anh hn Hky 72/5990, gk 56 gk dlvakcerk, Bkdkrnh Yrksupukstnran, rkspk`tl gk hns adfrn``aldks prkvastns kd cntkran gk bkstaðd k`ldðca`l-prksupukstnran, pugaádglsk trncatnr kh prl`kgacakdtl gk rkspldsneahagng pntracldanh sacuhtîdknckdtk nh prl`kgacakdtl snd`aldnglr. Kd tlgl `nsl hn `lcasaðd gk hns adfrn``aldks prkvastns kd cntkran gk bkstaðd k`ldðca`l-prksupukstnran `ldhhkvnrî hns sabuakdtks `ldsk`ukd`ans? n) Hn lehabn`aðd gk rkstatuar, kd su `nsl, hns `ndtagngks pkr`aeagns l sntasfk`mns adgkeagnckdtk. e) Hn lehabn`aðd gk adgkcdaznr n hn Mn`akdgn Yÿeha`n kd hls tárcadls gkh nrtã`uhl >26 gk hn Hky 72/5990, gk 56 gk dlvakcerk, Bkdkrnh Yrksupukstnran.
B. Ðrbndl `lcpktkdtk y prl`kgacakdtl Kh prl`kgacakdtl snd`aldnglr sk ada`anrî gk lfa`al, plr n`ukrgl gkh ðrbndl `lcpktkdtk, eakd plr prlpan ada`antavn l `lcl `ldsk`ukd`an gk lrgkd supkralr, pkta`aðd rnzldngn gk ltrls ðrbndls l gkdud`an gk hls `augngndls. Hn rkspldsneahagng skrî kxabagn kd prl`kgacakdtl ngcadastrntavl adstruagl nh kfk`tl, sad pkroua`al gk gnr `ldl`acakdtl gk hls mk`mls nh Wraeudnh gk @ukdtns plr sa prl`kgaksk, kd su `nsl, hn ad`ln`aðd gkh lplrtudl prl`kgacakdtl gk rkspldsneahagng `ldtnehk. Kh ðrbndl `lcpktkdtk pnrn lrgkdnr hn ad`ln`aðd skrî? n) @undgl kh nhtl `nrbl tkdbn tkdbn hn `ldga`aðd gk cakcerl gkh gkh Bleakrdl l gk Pk`rktnral Pk`rktnral gk Kstngl, kh @ldskol gk Cadastrls n prlpukstn gkh Cadastrl gk Mn`akdgn y Ngcadastrn`aldks Yÿeha`ns. e) @undgl hls prksudtls rkspldsnehks sknd pkrsldns nh skrva`al skrva`al gk hn Ngcadastrn`aðd Bkdkrnh gkh Kstngl gastadtns gk hls ndtkralrks, kh Cadastrl gk Mn`akdgn y Ngcadastrn`aldks Yÿeha`ns. `) @undgl hls prksudtls rkspldsnehks rkspldsnehks sknd pkrsldns nh skrva`al skrva`al gk hn Ngcadastrn`aðd nutldðca`n l hl`nh, hn lrgkd gk ad`ln`aðd gkh prl`kgacakdtl sk gnrî plr hls ðrbndls quk tkdbnd ntraeuagns kstns fud`aldks kd npha`n`aðd gkh rábackd gas`aphadnral prlpal gk hns @lcudagngks Nutðdlcns l Kdtagngks Hl`nhks kd hns quk prkstkd skrva`als hls `nrbls `ldtrn hls quk sk garabk kh prl`kgacakdtl. Kd hls supukstls prkvastls kd hns hktrns n) y e) hn adstru``aðd gk hls `lrrkspldgakdtks prl`kgacakdtls `lrrkspldgkrî n hn Lfa`adn gk @ldfha`tls gk Adtkrksks. Kd kh supukstl `ldtkcphngl kd kh npnrtngl `) hn adstru``aðd `lrrkspldgkrî nh ðrbndl `lcpktkdtk kd npha`n`aðd gkh rábackd gas`aphadnral prlpal gk hn @lcudagng Nutðdlcn l Kdtagng Hl`nh `lrrkspldgakdtk.
5>7
Wkcn 2
kgatlranh } `kp
Hn `lcpktkd`an pnrn hn acplsa`aðd gk snd`aldks `lrrkspldgkrî? n) Nh @ldskol gk Cadastrls `undgl kh nhtl `nrbl tkdbn hn `ldga`aðd gk cakcerl gkh gkh Bleakrdl l Pk`rktnral gk Kstngl. e) Nh Cadastrl gk Mn`akdgn y Ngcadastrn`aldks Yÿeha`ns `undgl kh rkspldsnehk skn ud nhtl `nrbl gk hn Ngcadastrn`aðd Bkdkrnh gkh Kstngl. `) @undgl kh prl`kgacakdtl sk garaon `ldtrn nhtls `nrbls gk hns @lcudagngks Nutðdlcns l Kdtagngks Hl`nhks, hls ðrbndls quk tkdbnd ntraeuagns kstns fud`aldks kd npha`n`aðd gkh rábackd gas`aphadnral prlpal gk Ngcadastrn`aldks kd hns quk prkstkd skrva`als hls `nrbls `ldtrn hls quk sk garabk kh prl`kgacakdtl l, kd su `nsl, kh @ldskol gk Bleakrdl gk hn @lcudagng Nutðdlcn l kh Yhkdl gk hn Oudtn gk Bleakrdl gk hn Kdtagng Hl`nh gk quk sk trntk. Hns rkslhu`aldks quk sk ga`tkd kd npha`n`aðd gkh prl`kgacakdtl snd`aldnglr nquã rkbuhngl skrîd rk`urraehks ndtk kh lrgkd ourasga``aldnh `ldtkd`alsl-ngcadastrntavl.
M. Yrks`rap`aðd Kh phnzl gk prks`rap`aðd gk hns adfrn``aldks skrî gk `ad`l nþls pnrn hns adfrn``aldks cuy brnvks, trks nþls pnrn hns brnvks y ud nþl pnrn hns hkvks. Hns snd`aldks acpukstns plr hn `lcasaðd gk adfrn``aldks adfrn``aldks cuy brnvks prks`raearîd n hls `ad`l nþls, hns acpukstns plr adfrn``aldks brnvks n hls trks nþls y hns quk sknd `ldsk`ukd`an gk hn `lcasaðd gk adfrn``aldks hkvks prks`raearîd kd kh phnzl gk ud nþl.
Ynrn kh `ðcputl gk hls phnzls gk prks`rap`aðd rkbuhngls ndtkralrckdtk, nsã `lcl pnrn hns `nusns gk su adtkrrup`aðd, sk kstnrî n hl gaspukstl kd kh nrtã`uhl 09 gk hn Hky 79/59>;, gk > gk l`tuerk, gk Uábackd Ourãga`l gkh Pk`tlr Yÿeha`l.
5.7 Kh eukd Bleakrdl kd hn @lcudagng @lcudagng Nutðdlcn gk Ashns Enhknrks Hn Hky 7/59>>, gk 0> gk cnrzl, gk hn eukdn ngcadastrn`aðd y gkh eukd bleakrdl gk hns Ahhks Enhknrs gkga`n kh tãtuhl AA n hn rkbuhn`aðd gkh eukd bleakrdl. Ynsncls n ndnhaznr su `ldtkdagl.
N. Hagkrnzbl áta`l k adtkbrnglr n. Yrad`apals gk eukd bleakrdl • Îceatl gk npha`n`aðd Hl gaspukstl kd hls kpãbrnfks suesabuakdtks ks npha`nehk n hls cakcerls gkh Bleakrdl gk hns Ahhks Enhknrs, n hls nhtls `nrbls, nh pkrsldnh kvkdtunh y n tlgl kh pkrsldnh quk l`upk `unhquakr pukstl gk trnenol gk dnturnhkzn gark`tavn gk hn ngcadastrn`aðd nutldðca`n, skn `unh skn su gkdlcadn`aðd. Abunhckdtk, ks npha`nehk nh pkrsldnh gark`tavl, n hls ðrbndls gark`tavls y nh pkrsldnh kvkdtunh gk hls kdtks quk flrcnd kh sk`tlr pÿeha`l adstruckdtnh gk hn `lcudagng nutðdlcn gk hns Ahhks Enhknrs.
Hky >>/59>6, gk 5= gk ouhal. Hky >1/59>0, gk 1 gk ga`akcerk
5>;
kgatlranh } `kp
• Yrad`apals áta`ls y rkbhns gk `ldgu`tn Hns pkrsldns `lcprkdgagns kd kh îceatl gk npha`n`aðd quk kstnehk`k kh kpãbrnfk ndtkralr takdkd quk leskrvnr, kd kh kokr`a`al gk sus fud`aldks, hl quk gaspldkd hn @ldstatu`aðd Kspnþlhn, kh Kstntutl gk Nutldlcãn gk hns Ahhks Enhknrs y kh rkstl gkh lrgkdncakdtl ourãga`l, takdkd quk prlclvkr kh rkspktl n hls gkrk`mls fudgnckdtnhks y n hns haekrtngks pÿeha`ns y takdkd quk noustnr sus n`tun`aldks n hls sabuakdtks prad`apals áta`ls y gk `ldgu`tn? leoktavagng, adtkbragng, dkutrnhagng, rkspldsneahagng, `rkgaeahagng, acpnr`anhagng, `ldfagkd`anhagng, gkga`n`aðd nh skrva`al pÿeha`l, trndspnrkd`an, kokcphnragng, nustkragng, n``ksaeahagng, kfa`n`an, mldrngkz, prlcl`aðd gkh kdtlrdl `uhturnh y ckgalnceakdtnh y prlcl`aðd gk hn abunhgng kdtrk mlcerks y cuokrks. Kstns pkrsldns takdkd quk prlclvkr hls gkrk`mls mucndls y hns haekrtngks gk hls `augngndls y gk hns `augngndns y takdkd quk kvatnr tlgn n`tun`aðd quk pukgn prlgu`ar gas`racadn`aðd plr rnzðd gk dn`acakdtl, rnzn, skxl, rkhabaðd, lpadaðd l `unhquakr ltrn `ldga`aðd l `ar`udstnd`an pkrsldnh l sl`anh. Kstns pkrsldns takdkd quk vkhnr plr kh adtkrás bkdkrnh kvatndgl kh `ldfha`tl gk adtkrksks. Dl takdkd quk n`kptnr dadbÿd trntl gk fnvlr l satun`aðd quk acphaquk pravahkbal l vkdtnon adoustafa`ngn. Hns n`tavagngks pÿeha`ns rkhkvndtks gk kstns pkrsldns takdkd quk skr trndspnrkdtks y n``ksaehks pnrn hn `augngndãn `ld hns ÿda`ns kx`kp`aldks quk prkvá hn hky. Kstns pkrsldns takdkd quk ngcadastrnr hls rk`ursls pÿeha`ls `ld nustkragng y kvatnr n`tun`aldks quk pukgnd ckdls`nenr hn gabdagng `ld hn `unh sk gkek kokr`kr kh `nrbl pÿeha`l. Kh trntncakdtl lfa`anh gk `nrî`tkr prltl`lhnral gk hls cakcerls gkh Bleakrdl y gk hls nhtls `nrbls ks kh gk skþlr l skþlrn, skbuagl gk hn gkdlcadn`aðd gkh `nrbl, l`upn`aðd l rndbl `lrrkspldgakdtk. Ks `lcprlcasl gkh Bleakrdl flckdtnr y kxtkdgkr kstk tapl gk trntncakdtl n tlgls hls ðrbndls vad`uhngls nh Bleakrdl, n hn Ngcadastrn`aðd gk hn `lcudagng nutðdlcn l nh Ynrhnckdtl.
• Kh bleakrdl kd fud`aldks Kh bleakrdl kd fud`aldks fud`aldks sk nestkdgrî gk tlcnr gk`asaldks quk kx`kgnd gk hns acprks`adgaehks pnrn kh fud`aldncakdtl mneatunh gk hn ngcadastrn`aðd l quk `ldga`aldkd hn n`tun`aðd gkh bleakrdl kdtrndtk, snhvl kd hls supukstls gk `nrî`tkr urbkdtk kstnehk`agls hkbnhckdtk.
Kh bleakrdl snhakdtk bnrndtaznrî kh kstngl gk hn gl`uckdtn`aðd dk`ksnran pnrn kh bleakrdl kdtrndtk y mnrî advkdtnrals gk hls gl`uckdtls eîsa`ls, kd `unhquakr slplrtk, pnrn fn`ahatnr kh trnspnsl gk plgkrks. @ld kstn fadnhagng, sk takdkd quk khnelrnr gl`uckdtls adflrcntavls gkh kstngl `ld`rktl gk hls nr`mavls gk `ngn udagng ngcadastrntavn, hls `unhks takdkd quk skr pÿeha`ls y trndspnrkdtks. Pk vabahnrî kh usl ngk`ungl gkh `nrbl pÿeha`l, kspk`anhckdtk gurndtk hns `ncpnþns khk`tlrnhks, y kh rkspktl gk hns dlrcns khk`tlrnhks quk hns rkbuhnd. Hn n`tavagng gkh bleakrdl kd fud`aldks skrî rkbuhngn rkbhnckdtnranckdtk.
5>6
Wkcn 2
kgatlranh } `kp
• Blekrdndzn Kh prad`apal gk blekrdndzn acpha`n udn eukdn lrakdtn`aðd gk hn plhãta`n gkh Bleakrdl gk hns Ahhks Enhknrs, ensngn kd kstrntkbans y n``aldks quk acpuhskd hn agkn gk bleakrdl rkhn`aldnh, tndtl gk adtkrn``aðd cuhtadavkh kd hn prlpan ngcadastrn`aðd nutldðca`n `lcl gk adtkrn``aðd `ld ltrns ngcadastrn`aldks pÿeha`ns y `ld hn sl`akgng `avah. Ynrn mn`krhl, kh Bleakrdl gktkrcadnrî hns adtkrvkd`aldks pÿeha`ns quk tkdgrãnd quk gaspldkr gk ud ksqukcn gk blekrdndzn pnrn bnrndtaznr hn adtkbrn`aðd kd rkg gk hls koks pÿeha`l-pravngl-`avah y hl`nh-bhlenh. Hns `nrn`tkrãsta`ns eîsa`ns gk hls ksqukcns gk blekrdndzn takdkd quk skr kstnehk`agns plr hn `ldsk okrãn `lcpktkdtk kd cntkran gk `nhagng. Kh davkh gark`tavl gk hns udagngks, hls `kdtrls y hls kdtks gksnrrlhhnrî hn kstrntkban tkdakdgl kd `ukdtn tndtl kh phnd sastáca`l y gk `nhagng gkcl`rîta`n, `lcl kh lpkrn`aldnh y gk gksnrrlhhl gk hns n`tun`aldks.
e. @ldfha`tl gk Adtkrksks • @ld`kptl Mny `ldfha`tl gk adtkrksks `undgl hls cakcerls gkh Bleakrdl y hls nhtls `nrbls adtkrvakdkd kd hns gk`asaldks rkhn`aldngns `ld nsudtls kd hls `unhks `ldfhuynd nh cascl takcpl adtkrksks gk su `nrbl pÿeha`l k adtkrksks pravngls prlpals, gk fncahanrks gark`tls l `lcpnrtagls `ld tkr`krns pkrsldns. N hls kfk`tls gk hn Hky 7/59>>, gk 0> gk cnrzl, gk hn eukdn ngcadastrn`aðd y gkh eukd bleakrdl gk hns Ahhks Enhknrs, sk kdtakdgkd plr nhtls `nrbls hls ad`huagls kd hn dlrcntavn nutldðca`n gk ad`lcpntaeahagngks.
• Gkga`n`aðd kx`husavn nh `nrbl pÿeha`l Hls cakcerls gkh Bleakrdl y nhtls `nrbls takdkd quk kokr`kr sus fud`aldks `ld gkga`n`aðd kx`husavn y dl pukgkd `lcpntaeahaznr su n`tavagng `ld kh `ucphacakdtl, plr sã cascls l ckgandtk sustatu`aðd l nplgkrncakdtl, gk `unhquakr ltrl pukstl, `nrbl, rkprkskdtn`aðd, prlfksaðd l n`tavagng, tndtl sa sld gk `nrî`tkr pÿeha`l `lcl pravngl, plr `ukdtn prlpan l nokdn. Kh pkrsldnh nquã rkfkragl dl pukgk `lcpntaeahaznr su `nrbl l pukstl gk trnenol `ld hn `ldga`aðd gk rkprkskdtndtk khk`tl kd `lhkbals prlfksaldnhks, `îcnrns l kdtagngks quk tkdbnd ntraeuagns fud`aldks pÿeha`ns l `lngyuvkd n khhns. Nsacascl, tncpl`l pukgkd pkr`aear dadbudn ltrn rkcudkrn`aðd `ld `nrbl n hls prksupukstls gk hns ngcadastrn`aldks pÿeha`ns l kdtagngks vad`uhngns l gkpkdgakdtks, da dadbudn ltrn pkr`kp`aðd quk gk cndkrn gark`tn l adgark`tn prlvkdbn gk udn n`tavagng pravngn. Kd ncels pudtls, sk takdkd quk tkdkr kd `ukdtn hns kx`kp`aldks quk cnr`n hn dlrcntavn rkbuhnglrn gk ad`lcpntaeahagngks gk cakcerls gkh Bleakrdl y nhtls `nrbls gk hn `lcudagng nutðdlcn gk hns Ahhks Enhknrs.
• Gkekr gk admaea`aðd l gk nestkd`aðd Hls cakcerls gkh Bleakrdl gk hns Ahhks Enhknrs y hls nhtls `nrbls takdkd quk admaearsk l nestkdkrsk gk pnrta`apnr kd hn tlcn gk gk`asaldks kd hns `unhks tkdbnd l pukgnd tkdkr adtkrksks khhls cascls, sus `ðdyubks l pkrsldns udagns plr rkhn`aðd ndîhlbn, y `unhquakr pkrsldn `ld vãd`uhl gk pnrkdtks`l mnstn kh skbudgl brngl gk `ldsndbuadagng l nfadagng.
Hky >>/59>6, gk 5= gk ouhal. Hky >1/59>0, gk 1 gk ga`akcerk
5>2
kgatlranh } `kp
Kh ad`ucphacakdtl gk kstk gkekr gn hubnr n hn npha`n`aðd gkh rábackd gk snd`aldks prkvastl kd cntkran gk ad`lcpntaeahagngks gk hls cakcerls gkh Bleakrdl y gk hls nhtls `nrbls gk hn `lcudagng nutðdlcn.
E. Wrndspnrkd`an y n``aðd gk bleakrdl n. Wrndspnrkd`a Wrndspnrkd`ann plhãta`n • @ld`kptl. N hls kfk`tls gk hn Hky 7/59>>, gk 0> gk cnrzl, gk hn eukdn ngcadastrn`aðd y gkh eukd bleakrdl gk hns Ahhks Enhknrs, hn trndspnrkd`an plhãta`n ks kh davkh gk n``ksaeahagng y pueha`agng quk kh Bleakrdl lfrk`k n hn `augngndãn kd rkhn`aðd `ld sus n`tavagngks pÿeha`ns y hn bnrndtãn gkh kokr`a`al gkh gkrk`ml gk hls `augngndls y gk hns `augngndns n hn adflrcn`aðd slerk kh fud`aldncakdtl adtkrdl gkh Bleakrdl y sus adstatu`aldks, `lcl tnceaád gk tlgls hls nspk`tls quk nfk`tnd n hn bkstaðd plhãta`n. Ynrn nh`ndznr hn trndspnrkd`an plhãta`n, ks dk`ksnral kstnehk`kr ckgagns gk prkvkd`aðd y `ldtrlh gk `ldfha`tls gk adtkrksks y ckgagns gk adflrcn`aðd pÿeha`n y gk rkbastrl gk n`tavagngks, eakdks y gkrk`mls gk hls nhtls `nrbls gk hn ngcadastrn`aðd y gkh Bleakrdl gk hns Ahhks Enhknrs.
• Adflrcn`aðd nh Ynrhnckdtl Kh Ynrhnckdtl gk hns Ahhks Enhknrs, skbÿd hls ck`ndascls quk prkvá su rkbhnckdtl, pukgk pkgar udn `lcpnrk`kd`an gk hn pkrsldn dlcerngn, `ld hn fadnhagng gk quk pukgn gkfkdgkr su agldkagng pnrn kh `nrbl, nsã `lcl su prlyk`tl pnrn hn n``aðd gk bleakrdl.
Kh @ldskol gk Bleakrdl gnrî n `ldl`kr nh Ynrhnckdtl gk hns Ahhks Enhknrs kh dlcerncakdtl gk hls cakcerls gkh Bleakrdl gk hns Ahhks Enhknrs y gk hls nhtls `nrbls, `lcl tnceaád kh gk hls bkrkdtks gk hns kcprksns pÿeha`ns l gk `unhquakrn gk hls kdtks gkh sk`tlr pÿeha`l adstruckdtnh.
5>=
Wkcn 2
kgatlranh } `kp
Hls ðrbndls gk hn Ngcadastrn`aðd gk hn `lcudagng nutðdlcn gk hns Ahhks Enhknrs y hls kdtks gkh sk`tlr pÿeha`l adstruckdtnh nutldðca`l mnrîd pÿeha`l kd hn pîbadn wke adstatu`aldnh kh `urrã`uhuc gk hls cakcerls gkh Bleakrdl y gk hls nhtls `nrbls quk hls rabkd, rkspk`tavnckdtk. Hn Lfa`adn gk Kvnhun`aðd Yÿeha`n gk hns Ahhks Enhknrs ga`tnrî adstru``aldks `ld hls clgkhls gk hls `urrã`uhls n pueha`nr.
• Adflrcn`aðd slerk rktraeu`aldks y gk`hnrn`aldks pntracldanhks. Hls cakcerls gkh Bleakrdl y hls nhtls `nrbls takdkd hn lehabn`aðd gk flrcuhnr udn gk`hnrn`aðd pntracldanh quk nenrquk hn tltnhagng gk sus eakdks, gkrk`mls y lehabn`aldks, kd hls tárcadls quk rkbhnckdtnranckdtk sk kstnehkz`nd, y quk qukgnrî enol hn rkspldsneahagng gk hn Lfa`adn gk Kvnhun`aðd Yÿeha`n gk hns Ahhks Enhknrs. Hns rktraeu`aldks quk hls cakcerls gkh Bleakrdl y hls nhtls `nrbls pkr`aend kd rnzðd gk su `nrbl takdkd quk skr leoktl gk pueha`agng lfa`anh `ld adga`n`aðd kxprksn gk hls gafkrkdtks `ld`kptls rktraeutavls. Kstn pueha`agng sk rknhaznrî n trnvás gk hn pîbadn wke adstatu`aldnh. Wnceaád sk gnrî pueha`agng n hns `lcpkdsn`aldks, hls ekdkfa`als l hns adgkcdazn`aldks quk sk rk`aend plr `unhquakr `ld`kptl vad`uhngl `ld kh kokr`a`al gkh `nrbl pÿeha`l.
• Npkrturn gk gntls Ynrn ckolrnr hn trndspnrkd`an y bkdkrnr vnhlr kd hn sl`akgng, kh Bleakrdl gk hns Ahhks Enhknrs sk `lcprlcktk n udn kfk`tavn npkrturn gk hls gntls pÿeha`ls quk lernd kd su plgkr, dl suoktls n rkstra``aldks gk pravn`agng, skburagng l prlpakgng. Hn gasplsa`aðd gkh `ldoudtl gk gntls kd flrcntls rkutahaznehks sk mnrî gk cndkrn lrgkdngn y sabuakdgl `ratkrals gk pralragng. Pk gnrî pralragng n hn adflrcn`aðd ckr`ndtah y kcprksnranh, hn adflrcn`aðd bklbrîfa`n, hn adflrcn`aðd hkbnh, hn kstngãsta`n sl`anh y hn adflrcn`aðd gk trndsplrtk. Hls `ldoudtls gk gntls sk takdkd quk fn`ahatnr enol ha`kd`ans gk prlpakgng neakrtns, quk pkrcatnd su rkgastraeu`aðd, rkutahazn`aðd y nprlvk`mncakdtl. Kh `ucphacakdtl gk hl kstnehk`agl kd hls kpãbrnfks ndtkralrks sk kdtakdgk sad pkroua`al gk hl quk kstnehkz`n hn dlrcntavn kd cntkran gk prltk``aðd gk gntls gk `nrî`tkr pkrsldnh. Kh Bleakrdl gk hns Ahhks Enhknrs `ucpharî kh Ukbhnckdtl gkh Ynrhnckdtl gk hns Ahhks Enhknrs kd tlgl hl quk sk rkfakrn n fn`ahatnr n hls gaputngls y n hns gaputngns gkh Ynrhnckdtl gk hns Ahhks Enhknrs kh `ldtrlh gk hn n``aðd plhãta`n gkh Bleakrdl.
e. Flrcns gk bkstaðd, cnr`l rkbuhnglr y rkspldsneahagn rkspldsneahagng g sl`anh • Flrcns gk bkstaðd Kh Bleakrdl gk hns Ahhks Enhknrs mnrî pÿeha`n su kstrntkban slerk hn flrcn gk bkstaðd gk `ngn skrva`al l n`tavagng gk su `lcpktkd`an. N kstk kfk`tl mnrî udn rkhn`aðd kxmnustavn gk tlgls hls skrva`als y hns fud`aldks quk prkstn hn ngcadastrn`aðd kd su `ldoudtl, adga`nrî, kd `ngn `nsl, hn flrcn gk bkstaðd y su oustafa`n`aðd, y pldgkrnrî sus `ratkrals gk rkspldsneahagng, trndspnrkd`an, kfa`n`an y kfa`akd`an, kdtrk ltrls.
• @nhagng dlrcntavn Hn Ngcadastrn`aðd gk hn `lcudagng nutðdlcn gk hns Ahhks Enhknrs vkhnrî plr hn `uhturn gk hn `nhagng dlrcntavn. Kd kstk skdtagl, pnrn ada`anr kh prl`ksl gk khnelrn`aðd gk ndtkprlyk`tls gk hky, ks rkqua-
Hky >>/59>6, gk 5= gk ouhal. Hky >1/59>0, gk 1 gk ga`akcerk
5>1
kgatlranh } `kp
satl prkval prkskdtnr ud ndîhasas gk acpn`tl dlrcntavl ckgandtk ud kstugal raburlsl gk hns `ldsk`ukd`ans pnrn hn sl`akgng, kspk`anhckdtk hns k`ldðca`ns, gk npha`nr udn gktkrcadngn dlrcn, `lcl tnceaád hns plsaehks nhtkrdntavns n kstn dlrcn y hns `ldsk`ukd`ans k`ldðca`ns gkravngns gk su npha`n`aðd. Kstk ndîhasas sk ad`huarî kd hn ckclran oustafa`ntavn prkvan quk kd tlgl `nsl sk ngoudtnrî n hls ndtkprlyk`tls hkbashntavls. Kh `ldtkdagl y kh sastkcn gk khnelrn`aðd y gk bkstaðd gk kstn «Ckclran gkh ndîhasas gkh acpn`tl dlrcntavlº takdkd quk skr gktkrcadngls plr n`ukrgl gkh @ldskol gk Bleakrdl n prlpukstn gk hn `ldskokrãn `lcpktkdtk kd cntkran gk `nhagng gk hls skrva`als kd ud phnzl dl supkralr n gls cksks `ldtngls n pnrtar gkh cascl gãn gk kdtrngn kd vablr gk hn Hky 7/59>>, gk 0> gk cnrzl, gk hn eukdn ngcadastrn`aðd y gkh eukd bleakrdl gk hns Ahhks Enhknrs. Hn ckclran kxprksnrî kh cnr`l dlrcntavl kd kh quk sk adskrtn hn prlpukstn y, kd tlgl `nsl, ad`huarî udn rkhn`aðd gk hns gasplsa`aldks nfk`tngns y hn tnehn gk vabkd`ans gk gasplsa`aldks ndtkralrks slerk hn cascn cntkran. Kstn ckclran mnrî rkfkrkd`an n `ratkrals gk sacphafa`n`aðd y gk rkgu``aðd gk `nrbns ngcadastrntavns y vnhlrnrî hn lplrtudagng gk hn prlpukstn, kh acpn`tl k`ldðca`l y prksupukstnral, kh acpn`tl slerk hls sk`tlrks, `lhk`tavls l nbkdtks nfk`tngls plr hn dlrcn, ad`huagl kh kfk`tl slerk hn `lcpktkd`an, hns n``aldks gk `ldsuhtn mk`mns y hns n``aldks gk pnrta`apn`aðd `augngndn gksnrrlhhngns, kdtrk ltrls `ratkrals quk bnrndta`kd quk hns dlrcns quk sk takdkd quk nprlenr sld dk`ksnrans, `ld leoktavls `hnrls, prlplr`aldngns, kfa`n`ks, n``ksaehks y trndspnrkdtks. Pk bnrndtaznrî quk hn adflrcn`aðd letkdagn n pnrtar gkh kstugal gkh acpn`tl fhuyn tndtl plr hls `ndnhks gk `lcuda`n`aðd `ld hn `augngndãn `lcl plr hls `ndnhks adtkrngcadastrntavls, ckgandtk hn adstnurn`aðd gadîca`n gk sastkcns gk adflrcn`aðd kd hns lrbndazn`aldks pÿeha`ns.
Pk acpuhsnrî hn `uhturn gk hn `nhagng dlrcntavn ckgandtk kh flckdtl gk hn pnrta`apn`aðd gk hn sl`akgng `avah, `lcl khkckdtl fudgnckdtnh pnrn ckolrnr hn `nhagng gk hn hkbashn`aðd y su ngk`un`aðd n hns dk`ksagngks sl`anhks.
• Ukspldsneahagng sl`anh Hn Ngcadastrn`aðd y hls kdtks gkh sk`tlr pÿeha`l gk hn `lcudagng nutðdlcn gk hns Ahhks Enhknrs kvagkd`anrîd su rkspldsneahagng sl`anh ad`lrplrndgl hns prkl`upn`aldks sl`anhks y nceakdtnhks kd hns rkhn`aldks `ld hn `augngndãn y hn sl`akgng, gk udn cndkrn bkdkrnh y cîs nhhî gk sus `lcpktkd`ans sk`tlranhks, y kd gls vkrtakdtks? >.¿ Ckgandtk n``aldks garabagns n hls trnenonglrks y hns trnenonglrns, kd `undtl n? n) Lrbndazn`aðd gkh trnenol pnrn quk hns pkrsldns pukgnd ckolrnr sus mneahagngks prlfksaldnhks. e) Flckdtl gk hn flrcn`aðd pkrcndkdtk gkh pkrsldnh. `) Gksnrrlhhl gk ckgagns pnrn hn kfk`tavn abunhgng gk lplrtudagngks lplrtudagngks kdtrk mlcerks y cuokrks. g) Fn`ahatn`aðd gk hn `ld`ahan`aðd gk hn vagn prlfksaldnh, fncahanr y pkrsldnh. k) Kstnehk`acakdtl gk ckgagns pnrn prkstnr ntkd`aðd n hns pkrsldns vã`tacns gk valhkd`an gk bádkrl.
559
Wkcn 2
kgatlranh } `kp
f) Yrkvasaðd gk hn adtkbrn`aðd gk hns pkrsldns pkrsldns `ld gas`npn`agng y gk hls `lhk`tavls kd satun`aðd gk kx`husaðd sl`anh. b) Flckdtl gk hn snhug hnelrnh. 5.ª Ckgandtk n``aldks garabagns n hls kdtlrdls, kd `undtl n? n) Ad`kdtavl n hls prlvkkglrks pnrn quk tnceaád sknd sl`anhckdtk rkspldsnehks. e) Kdraquk`acakdtl gkh kdtlrdl sl`al-`lcudatnral sl`al-`lcudatnral `ld n``aldks gk ckolrn gkh ckgal nceakdtk, gk prkskrvn`aðd gkh tkrratlral, gk flckdtl gk hn `rkntavagng y gk `lmksaðd sl`anh y tkrratlranh. `) @lhnelrn`aðd kd hns prî`ta`ns gk kstugandtks gk flrcn`aðd prlfksaldnh y udavkrsatnran. Kh Bleakrdl gksnrrlhhnrî rkbhnckdtnranckdtk kh `ldtkdagl gk kstk kpãbrnfk.
`. Kvnhun`aðd gk plhãta`ns pÿeha`ns • @ld`kptl Hn kvnhun`aðd gk plhãta`ns pÿeha`ns ks ud prl`ksl sastáca`l gk leskrvn`aðd, ndîhasas k adtkrprktn`aðd gk udn adtkrvkd`aðd pÿeha`n gk `unhquakr tapl ‐phnd, prlbrncn, prlyk`tl u ltrn n``aðd‐, pnrn letkdkr ud oua`al vnhlrntavl gk su gaskþl, fud`aldncakdtl, rksuhtngls y kfk`tls, ensngl kd kvagkd`ans. Hn fadnhagng gk hn kvnhun`aðd ks skr ÿtah n hn sl`akgng, `lcl adstruckdtl gk ckolrn gk hn `nhagng y hn kfa`n`an gk hls skrva`als pÿeha`ls. Hn kvnhun`aðd ks udn n`tavagng kspk`ãfa`n y `ld agkdtagng prlpan, `hnrnckdtk gafkrkd`angn gk ltrns `lcl kh `ldtrlh adtkrdl, hn nugatlrãn fadnd`akrn, hn nugatlrãn gk bkstaðd l kh `ldtrlh prksupukstnral, pkrl `ld hns quk cndtakdk udn kstrk`mn rkhn`aðd gk `lcphkckdtnrakgng. Hn kvnhun`aðd `ldskbuarî hn pnrta`apn`aðd kfk`tavn gk hn `augngndãn, kh flckdtl gkh nprkdgaznok y hn addlvn`aðd, hn pltkd`an`aðd gk hn trndspnrkd`an ckgandtk hn rkdga`aðd gk `ukdtns y, nsã, kh nuckdtl gkh davkh gk `ldfandzn kd hn ngcadastrn`aðd pÿeha`n.
• @ratkrals Hn kvnhun`aðd gk hns plhãta`ns pÿeha`ns skbuarî hls `ratkrals sabuakdtks? n) Ukhkvnd`an gk hls leoktavls leoktavls pkrskbuagls gk n`ukrgl n`ukrgl `ld kh adtkrás bkdkrnh. e) Kfa`n`an, kd kh skdtagl gk sa sk mnd `ldskbuagl hls rksuhtngls gkskngls. `) Kfa`akd`an, kd kh skdtagl gk sa sk mnd `ldskbuagl hls rksuhtngls `ld ud usl rnzldnehk y prlplr`aldngl gk hls rk`ursls. g) Acpn`tl bkdkrngl plr hn npha`n`aðd gk hn plhãta`n. k) Plstkdaeahagng l pkrcndkd`an gk hls `nceals l kfk`tls plsatavls kd kh takcpl. Ngkcîs gk kstls `ratkrals, sk pukgkd npha`nr ltrls fn`tlrks gk ndîhasas `lcl hn `lmkrkd`an, hn kquagng, hn `npn`agng gk rkspukstn, hn `ldvkdakd`an, hn `lekrturn y hn rkdtneahagng, quk sk npha`nrîd `ld fhkxaeahagng kd `ngn `nsl `ld`rktl.
Hky >>/59>6, gk 5= gk ouhal. Hky >1/59>0, gk 1 gk ga`akcerk
55>
kgatlranh } `kp
• Nh`nd`k @ngn ðrbndl gk hn Ngcadastrn`aðd gk hn `lcudagng nutðdlcn y hls kdtks gkh sk`tlr pÿeha`l adstruckdtnh gk hns Ahhks Enhknrs pukgk n`lrgnr nutðdlcnckdtk hn kvnhun`aðd gk hns plhãta`ns pÿeha`ns quk mnyn gaskþngl, kok`utngl l quk kok`utk kd kh îceatl gk sus rkspk`tavns `lcpktkd`ans. Dl lestndtk, kh @ldskol gk Bleakrdl gktkrcadnrî ndunhckdtk udn rkhn`aðd gk adtkrvkd`aldks pÿeha`ns pralratnrans gk hns `unhks hn Lfa`adn gk Kvnhun`aðd Yÿeha`n gk hns Ahhks Enhknrs, `rkngn nh kfk`tl kd kh cnr`l gk hn Hky 7/59>>, gk 0> gk cnrzl, gk hn eukdn ngcadastrn`aðd y gkh eukd bleakrdl gk hns Ahhks Enhknrs, mnrî hns kvnhun`aldks `lrrkspldgakdtks. Kd tlgl `nsl, hl skrîd tlgns nqukhhns adtkrvkd`aldks pÿeha`ns quk supkrkd hn `ndtagng gk `ad`l cahhldks gk kurls.
• Clgnhagngks gk kvnhun`aðd Hn kvnhun`aðd gk hns plhãta`ns pÿeha`ns skbÿd kh clckdtl kd quk sk hhkvk n `nel pukgk skr? n) Kx ndtk? Gurndtk hn phndafa`n`aðd l hn prlbrncn`aðd gk udn plhãta`n pÿeha`n. e) Adtkrckgan? Gurndtk hn npha`n`aðd gk hn plhãta`n pÿeha`n kd kh pkralgl prlbrncngl. `) Kx plst? @ld plstkralragng n hn kok`u`aðd gk hn plhãta`n pÿeha`n prlbrncngn.
• @ldtkdagls gk hn kvnhun`aðd Hns kvnhun`aldks gk hns plhãta`ns pÿeha`ns takdkd quk trntnr `lcl cãdacl gk hls nspk`tls sabuakdtks? n) Dk`ksagngks gktk`tngns y quk sk prktkdgkd rkslhvkr. e) Leoktavls quk sk prktkdgk `ldskbuar. `) Uksuhtngls nh`ndzngls. g) Ukhn`aðd kdtrk hls trks khkckdtls ndtkralrks. k) Kfk`tls prlgu`agls. f) Acpn`tls `ldstntngls y sk`tlrks slerk hls `unhks sk mnd prlgu`agl. b) Ckgals y rk`ursls rk`ursls k`ldðca`ls y mucndls kcphkngls. kcphkngls. m) @lstks y rkhn`aðd `ld hls hls rksuhtngls nh`ndzngls. a) Yrl`kgacakdtls ks`lbagls pnrn n`tunr y rnzldks gk su khk``aðd. o) Brngl gk `lhnelrn`aðd adtkradstatu`aldnh kd hn khnelrn`aðd y kh gksnrrlhhl gk hn plhãta`n. j) Brngl gk pnrta`apn`aðd `augngndn kd hn khnelrn`aðd y kh gksnrrlhhl gksnrrlhhl gk hn plhãta`n. plhãta`n. h) Lpadaðd y vnhlrn`aðd quk mnd ckrk`agl pnrn hn `augngndãn hns n`tun`aldks gksnrrlhhngns. c) @ucphacakdtl gk hn hkbnhagng y gkh gkrk`ml quk nsastk n hn `augngndãn.
• Yueha`agng [dn vkz `ld`huagn hn kvnhun`aðd, sk kdvanrî nh rkbastrl gk kvnhun`aldks gk hn Lfa`adn gk Kvnhun`aðd Yÿeha`n gk hns Ahhks Enhknrs. Hls rksuhtngls gk hns kvnhun`aldks sk pueha`nrîd, nh ckdls, kd hn pîbadn wke gk hn Ngcadastrn`aðd gk hn `lcudagng nutðdlcn gk hns Ahhks Enhknrs.
555
Wkcn 2
Ksqukcn 2
HN HKQ >>/59>6, GK 5= GK O[HAL, GK AB[NHGNG GK C[OKUKP C[OKU KP Q MLCEUKP? MLCEU KP? LEOKWL, ÎCEA ÎCEAWL WL GK NYHA@N@AÐD Q YUAD@AYALP BKDKUNHKP: CKGAGNP YNUN YULCLVKU HN AB[NHGNG AB[N HGNG Q ÎUKNP GK ADWKUVKD@AÐD KD KH ÎCEAWL GK HN PNH[G Kstru`turn y `ldtkdagl Hn Hky >>/59>6, gk 5= gk ouhal, gk abunhgng gk cuokrks y mlcerks sk kstru`turn kd ud Wãtuhl Yrkhacadnr y skas tãtuhls duckrngls nhbudls gavagagls kd `npãtuhls y kstls n su vkz kd sk``aldks. @ukdtn `ld 19 nrtã`uhls, 5 Gasplsa`aldks Nga`aldnhks, udn Gasplsa`aðd Wrndsatlran ßda`n, udn Gkrlbntlrann ßda`n y 7 Gasplsa`aldks Fadnhks Gkrlbntlra
Leoktl, îceatl gk npha`n`aðd y prad`apals bkdkrnhks Leoktl y fadnhagng Îceatl gk npha`n`aðd Hn hky ks gk npha`n`aðd n hns ngcadastrn`aldks pÿeha`ns gk hns Ahhks Enhknrs. Hn [davkrsagng gk hns Ahhks Enhknrs Yrad`apals bkdkrnhks
Ckgagns pnrn prlclvkr hn abunhgng y îrkns gk adtkrvkd`aðd kd kh îceatl gk hn snhug Gasplsa`aldks bkdkrnhks Hns ngcadastrn`aldks pÿeha`ns gk hns Ahhks Enhknrs prlclvkrîd hn npha`n`aðd gk hn trndsvkrsnhazn`aðd gk bádkrl n hns plhãta`ns gk snhug k acpuhsnrîd plhãta`ns kspk`ãfa`ns gk snhug gk hns cuokrks. Wlgns hns n`tun`aldks nsastkd`anhks, hls ganbdðsta`ls y hls trntncakdtls, nsã `lcl hls phndks gk n``aðd `lcudatnran, gk advkstabn`aðd y gk gl`kd`an kd kh îceatl gk hn snhug, ad`huarîd kh prad`apal gk abunhgng kdtrk cuokrks y mlcerks y hns gafkrkd`ans gk skxl y bádkrl. Hns plhãta`ns pÿeha`ns gk snhug bnrndtaznrîd kh cascl gkrk`ml n hn snhug n cuokrks y mlcerks n trnvás gk hn adtkbrn`aðd n`tavn, kd sus leoktavls y n`tun`aldks, gkh prad`apal gk abunhgng gk trntl, y kvatnrîd quk, plr sus gafkrkd`ans ealhðba`ns l plr hls kstkrkltapls sl`anhks nsl`angls, sk prlguz`nd gas`racadn`aldks gas`racadn`aldks kdtrk udns y ltrls. Flrcn`aðd, prlcl`aðd y skdsaeahazn`aðd Hn ngcadastrn`aðd sndatnran nglptnrî hns ckgagns dk`ksnrans pnrn hn ad`husaðd gk hn pkrspk`tavn gk bádkrl kd snhug kd hls phndks gk flrcn`aðd ada`anh y `ldtadungn gkh pkrsldnh sndatnral.
Hky >>/59>6, gk 5= gk ouhal. Hky >1/59>0, gk 1 gk ga`akcerk
550
Hn ngcadastrn`aðd sndatnran adtkbrnrî kh prad`apal gk abunhgng kdtrk cuokrks y mlcerks, nsã `lcl hn pkrspk`tavn gk bádkrl, kd tlgls sus prlbrncns gk prlcl`aðd gk hn snhug kd kh îceatl kgu`ntavl, hnelrnh y `lcudatnral. Advkstabn`aldks Pk acpuhsnrî hn ad`husaðd gk hn pkrspk`tavn gk bádkrl kd tlgns hns advkstabn`aldks y kh gksnrrlhhl gk advkstabn`aldks kspk`ãfa`ns slerk hns gksabunhgngks gk bádkrl kd snhug. Pk ad`lrplrnrî hn pkrspk`tavn gk bádkrl y gk hns cuokrks kd hls sastkcns gk adflrcn`aðd sndatnran. sndatnran. Hns kd`ukstns gk snhug gkekrîd adtrlgu`ar adga`nglrks gk snhug skdsaehks n hn gktk``aðd gk gksabunhgngks y quk prkvknd hn gavkrsagng gk hns cuokrks. Cntkranhks Hns ngcadastrn`aldks pÿeha`ns acpuhsnrîd hn khnelrn`aðd gk cntkranhks gavuhbntavls slerk snhug garabagls n hns cuokrks, `ld ud usl dl skxastn gkh hkdbunok y `ldsagkrndgl hn gavkrsagng gk cuokrks.
HN HKQ HK Q >1/ >1/59 59>0 >0,, GK 1 GK GA@A G A@AKCE KCEUK, UK, GK WUNDPYNUKD WUN DPYNUKD@AN, @AN, N@@KPL N HN ADFLUCN@AÐD YßEHA@N Q E[KD BLEAKUDL? LEOKWL Q ÎCEAWL GK NYHA@N@AÐD: GKUK@ML GK N@@KPL N HN ADFLUCN@AÐD YßEHA@N: E[KD BLEAKUDL Leoktl y kstru`turn Leoktl Hn Hky >1/59>0, gk 1 gk ga`akcerk, gk trndspnrkd`an, n``ksl n hn adflrcn`aðd pÿeha`n y eukd bleakrdl takdk plr leoktl ncphanr y rkflrznr hn trndspnrkd`an gk hn n`tavagng pÿeha`n, rkbuhnr y bnrndtaznr kh gkrk`ml gk n``ksl n hn adflrcn`aðd rkhntavn n nqukhhn n`tavagng y kstnehk`kr hns lehabn`aldks gk eukd bleakrdl quk gkekd `ucphar hls rkspldsnehks pÿeha`ls nsã `lcl hns `ldsk`ukd`ans gkravngns gk su ad`ucphacakdtl Kstru`turn Hn Hky >1/59>0, gk 1 gk ga`akcerk, gk trndspnrkd`an, n``ksl n hn adflrcn`aðd pÿeha`n y eukd bleakrdl, sk `lcpldk gk 79 nrtã`uhls, gastraeuagls kd ud Wãtuhl Yrkhacadnr y trks Wãtuhls duckrngls, y sk `lcphktn `ld l`ml Gasplsa`aldks Nga`aldnhks y dukvk Gasplsa`aldks Fadnhks
Wrndspnrkd`an gk hn n`tavagng pÿeha`n Îceatl sueoktavl gk npha`n`aðd Îceatl sueoktavl gk npha`n`aðd Ltrls suoktls lehabngls Lehabn`aðd gk sucadastrnr adflrcn`aðd Yueha`agng n`tavn Yrad`apals bkdkrnhks Adflrcn`aðd adstatu`aldnh, lrbndazntavn y gk phndafa`n`aðd Adflrcn`aðd gk rkhkvnd`an ourãga`n Adflrcn`aðd k`ldðca`n, prksupukstnran y kstngãsta`n @ldtrlh
557
Wkcn 2
Ylrtnh gk hn Wrndspnrkd`an Yrad`apals tá`da`ls Gkrk`ml gk n``ksl n hn adflrcn`aðd pÿeha`n Uábackd bkdkrnh Gkrk`ml gk n``ksl n hn adflrcn`aðd pÿeha`n Adflrcn`aðd pÿeha`n Hãcatks nh gkrk`ml gk n``ksl Yrltk``aðd gk gntls pkrsldnhks N``ksl pnr`anh Kokr`a`al gkh gkrk`ml gk n``ksl n hn adflrcn`aðd pÿeha`n Plha`atug gk n``ksl n hn adflrcn`aðd @nusns gk adngcasaðd Wrncatn`aðd Ukslhu`aðd [dagngks gk adflrcn`aðd Flrcnhazn`aðd Flrcnhazn`a ðd gkh n``ksl Uábackd gk acpubdn`aldks Uk`ursls Uk`hncn`aðd ndtk kh @ldskol gk Wrndspnrkd`an y Eukd Bleakrdl
@ldskol gk Wrndspnrkd`an y Eukd Bleakrdl Pk `rkn kh @ldskol gk Wrndspnrkd`an y Eukd Bleakrdl `lcl lrbndascl pÿeha`l gk hls prkvastls kd hn gasplsa`aðd nga`aldnh gá`acn gk hn Hky 6/>112, gk >7 gk nerah, gk Lrbndazn`aðd y Fud`aldncakdtl gk hn Ngcadastrn`aðd Bkdkrnh gkh Kstngl (n`tunhckdtk gkrlbngn plr hn Hky 79/59>;, gk > gk l`tuerk, gk Uábackd Ourãga`l gkh Pk`tlr Yÿeha`l). Kstnrî ngs`ratl nh Cadastkral gk Mn`akdgn y Ngcadastrn`aldks Yÿeha`ns Fadks Kh @ldskol gk Wrndspnrkd`an y Eukd Bleakrdl takdk plr fadnhagng prlclvkr hn trndspnrkd`an gk hn n`tavagng pÿeha`n, vkhnr plr kh `ucphacakdtl gk hns lehabn`aldks gk pueha`agng, snhvnbunrgnr kh kokr`a`al gk gkrk`ml gk n``ksl n hn adflrcn`aðd pÿeha`n y bnrndtaznr hn leskrvnd`an gk hns gasplsa`aldks gk eukd bleakrdl @lcplsa`aðd Kh @ldskol gk Wrndspnrkd`an y Eukdl Bleakrdl kstnrî `lcpukstl plr hn @lcasaðd gk Wrndspnrkd`an y Eukd Bleakrdl, y plr kh Yrksagkdtk gkh @ldskol gk Wrndspnrkd`an y Eukd Bleakrdl quk hl skrî tnceaád gk su @lcasaðd @lcasaðd gk Wrndspnrkd`an y Eukd Bleakrdl Hn @lcasaðd gk Wrndspnrkd`an y Eukd Bleakrdl kokr`krî tlgns hns `lcpktkd`ans quk hk nsabdn hn Hky >1/59>0, gk 1 gk ga`akcerk, gk trndspnrkd`an, n``ksl n hn adflrcn`aðd pÿeha`n y eukd bleakrdl, nsã `lcl nqukhhns quk hks sknd ntraeuagns kd su dlrcntavn gk gksnrrlhhl Yrksagkdtk gkh @ldskol gk Wrndspnrkd`an y Eukd Bleakrdl Kh Yrksagkdtk gkh @ldskol gk Wrndspnrkd`an y Eukd Bleakrdl skrî dlcerngl plr ud pkrãlgl dl rkdlvnehk gk `ad`l nþls ckgandtk Uknh Gk`rktl, n prlpukstn gkh tatuhnr gkh Cadastkral gk
Hky >>/59>6, gk 5= gk ouhal. Hky >1/59>0, gk 1 gk ga`akcerk
55;
Mn`akdgn y Ngcadastrn`aldks Yÿeha`ns, kdtrk pkrsldns gk rk`ldl`agl prkstabal y `lcpktkd`an prlfksaldnh prkvan `lcpnrk`kd`an gk hn pkrsldn prlpukstn pnrn kh `nrbl ndtk hn @lcasaðd `lrrkspldgakdtk gkh @ldbrksl gk hls Gaputngls Fud`aldks Uábackd ourãga`l Ukhn`aldks `ld hns @lrtks Bkdkrnhks Kh @ldskol gk Wrndspnrkd`an y Eukd Bleakrdl khkvnrî ndunhckdtk n hns @lrtks Bkdkrnhks udn ckclran slerk kh gksnrrlhhl gk sus n`tavagngks y slerk kh brngl gk `ucphacakdtl gk hns gasplsa`aldks kstnehk`agns kd hn Hky >1/59>0, gk 1 gk ga`akcerk, gk trndspnrkd`an, n``ksl n hn adflrcn`aðd pÿeha`n y eukd bleakrdl
Eukd Bleakrdl Îceatl gk npha`n`aðd Kd kh îceatl gk hn Ngcadastrn`aðd Bkdkrnh gkh Kstngl hns gasplsa`aldks gk kstk kpãbrnfk sk npha`nrîd n hls cakcerls gkh Bleakrdl, n hls Pk`rktnrals gk Kstngl y nh rkstl gk hls nhtls `nrbls gk hn Ngcadastrn`aðd Bkdkrnh gkh Kstngl y gk hns kdtagngks gkh sk`tlr pÿeha`l kstntnh, gk Gkrk`ml pÿeha`l l pravngl, vad`uhngns l gkpkdgakdtks gk nqukhhn. N kstls kfk`tls, sk `ldsagkrnrîd nhtls `nrbls hls quk tkdbnd tnh `ldsagkrn`aðd kd npha`n`aðd gk hn dlrcntavn kd cntkran gk `ldfha`tls gk adtkrksks. Yrad`apals gk eukd bleakrdl Adfrn``aldks y snd`aldks kd cntkran gk `ldfha`tl gk adtkrksks Adfrn``aldks kd cntkran gk bkstaðd k`ldðca`l-prksupukstnran Adfrn``aldks gas`aphadnrans Adfrn``aldks cuy brnvks Adfrn``aldks brnvks Adfrn``aldks hkvks Pnd`aldks Kd hn brngun`aðd gk hns snd`aldks sk vnhlrnrî hn kxastkd`an gk pkroua`als pnrn kh adtkrás pÿeha`l, hn rkpkr`usaðd gk hn `ldgu`tn kd hls `augngndls, y, kd su `nsl, hn pkr`kp`aðd adgkeagn gk `ndtagngks plr kh gkskcpkþl gk n`tavagngks pÿeha`ns ad`lcpntaehks. @undgl hns adfrn``aldks pugakrnd skr `ldstatutavns gk gkhatl, hn Ngcadastrn`aðd pldgrî hls mk`mls kd `ldl`acakdtl gkh Fas`nh Bkdkrnh gkh Kstngl y sk nestkdgrî gk skbuar kh prl`kgacakdtl cakdtrns hn nutlragng ouga`anh dl ga`tk udn rkslhu`aðd quk pldbn fad nh prl`ksl pkdnh. Ðrbndl `lcpktkdtk y prl`kgacakdtl Kh prl`kgacakdtl snd`aldnglr sk ada`anrî gk lfa`al, plr n`ukrgl gkh ðrbndl `lcpktkdtk, eakd plr prlpan ada`antavn l `lcl `ldsk`ukd`an gk lrgkd supkralr, pkta`aðd rnzldngn gk ltrls ðrbndls l gkdud`an gk hls `augngndls. Hn rkspldsneahagng skrî kxabagn kd prl`kgacakdtl ngcadastrntavl adstruagl nh kfk`tl, sad pkroua`al gk gnr `ldl`acakdtl gk hls mk`mls nh Wraeudnh gk @ukdtns plr sa prl`kgaksk, kd su `nsl, hn ad`ln`aðd gkh lplrtudl prl`kgacakdtl gk rkspldsneahagng `ldtnehk.
556
Wkcn 2
Yrks`rap`aðd Kh phnzl gk prks`rap`aðd gk hns adfrn``aldks skrî gk `ad`l nþls pnrn hns adfrn``aldks cuy brnvks, trks nþls pnrn hns brnvks y ud nþl pnrn hns hkvks. Hns snd`aldks acpukstns plr hn `lcasaðd gk adfrn``aldks cuy brnvks prks`raearîd n hls `ad`l nþls, hns acpukstns plr adfrn``aldks brnvks n hls trks nþls y hns quk sknd `ldsk`ukd`an gk hn `lcasaðd gk adfrn``aldks hkvks prks`raearîd kd kh phnzl gk ud nþl.
Kh eukd Bleakrdl kd hn @lcudagng Nutðdlcn gk Ashns Enhknrks Hagkrnzbl áta`l k adtkbrnglr Yrad`apals gk eukd bleakrdl Îceatl gk npha`n`aðd Yrad`apals áta`ls y rkbhns gk `ldgu`tn Kh bleakrdl kd fud`aldks Blekrdndzn @ldfha`tl gk Adtkrksks @ld`kptl Gkga`n`aðd kx`husavn nh `nrbl pÿeha`l Gkekr gk admaea`aðd l gk nestkd`aðd Wrndspnrkd`an y n``aðd gk bleakrdl Wrndspnrkd`an plhãta`n @ld`kptl. Adflrcn`aðd nh Ynrhnckdtl Adflrcn`aðd slerk rktraeu`aldks y gk`hnrn`aldks pntracldanhks. Npkrturn gk gntls Flrcns gk bkstaðd, cnr`l rkbuhnglr y rkspldsneahagng sl`anh Flrcns gk bkstaðd @nhagng dlrcntavn Ukspldsneahagng sl`anh Kvnhun`aðd gk plhãta`ns pÿeha`ns @ld`kptl @ratkrals Nh`nd`k Clgnhagngks gk kvnhun`aðd @ldtkdagls gk hn kvnhun`aðd Yueha`agng
Hky >>/59>6, gk 5= gk ouhal. Hky >1/59>0, gk 1 gk ga`akcerk
552