1.1
1.1.1
Pengambilan Sampel
Pendahuluan Maksud Maksud pengambi pengambilan lan sampel sampel adalah adalah mengumpu mengumpulkan lkan volume volume suatu suatu badan air yang akan di teliti. Dengan jumlah sekecil mungkin tapi dapat mewakili (represertatif) yaitu masih mempunyai semua sifat yang sama dengan badan air tersebut. Denga Dengan n demiki demikian an analis analisaa di labor laborato atoriu rium m sebena sebenarny rnyaa merupa merupakan kan langkah terakhir dari ketiga langkah dalam penelitian sesuatu badan air : 1. Pengambi Pengambilan lan sampe sampell yang yang repres represerta ertatif tif (mewak (mewakili) ili) 2. Trans Transpor portt serta serta penga pengawet wetan an sampe sampell 3. Anal Analis isaa kim kimia ia samp sampel el.. Hasil dari analisa di laboratorium dimanfaatkan terhadap keadaan bahan air yang sednag diteliti, yaitu : •
Konsentarsi suatu unsur air (dinyatakan sebagai mg/L atau g/m 3). Konsentarsi perlu diketahui karena memberi informasi mengenai efek-efek terhadap flora dan fauna dalam air tersebut, terhadap bakteri lumpur aktif, terhadap manusia dan sebagainya.
•
Beban pencemaran, untuk mengetahui hal ini diperlukan data-data mengenai debit karena beban pencemaran adalah (konsentarsi) x (debi (debit) t) dan dan dinyat dinyataka akan n sebag sebagai ai kg/det kg/detik, ik, ton/ja ton/jam, m, mol/ja mol/jam m dan dan sebagainya. Beban pencemaran merupakan informasi utama bagi Pere Perenc ncan anaa aan n oper operas asii satu satuan an ( unit pada ins instala talasi si unit opert opertion ion) pada pengolahan air minum, air buangan dan sebagainya.
Sampel dapat diambil secara terpisah dengan menggunakan ember, botol plastik atau kaca yang diikat dengan tali kemudian dimasukkan ke dalam badan air. Sampel pada umumnya harus mengisi wadah hingga penuh dan harus ditutup dngan baik untuk menghindari kontak denagn udara.
1.1.2
Prosedur
20
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1.
Siap Siapka kan n pera perala lata tan n yang yang dipe diperl rluk ukan an untu untuk k meng mengam ambi bill samp sampel el
seperti timba, botol sampel dan wadah untuk membawa botol sampel. 2.
Guna Gunaka kan n alat alat kese kesela lama mata tan n kerj kerjaa
3.
Peng Pengam ambi bila lan n sampe sampell dilak dilakuk ukan an pada pada titi titik k sampl samplin ing g yang yang telah telah
ditentukan. 4.
Celupkan timba ke dalam air limbah dan bilas dengan air
tersebut. 5.
Ambi Ambill boto otol sampe ampell yang yang tela telah h beri tand tandaa untu ntuk men menyim yimpan pan
samp sampel el dari dari titi titik k samp sampli ling ng ters terseb ebut ut lalu lalu bila bilass deng dengan an air air limb limbah ah tersebut. 6.
Celupkan timba ke dalam air limbah ± 30 cm dibawah
permukaan air dan masukkan ke dalam botol sampel ⅓ bagian dari botol. 7.
Ambil Ambil kem kembal balii air air limba limbah h dari dari titi titik k yang yang sama sama dan dan masuk masukka kan n lagi lagi
ke dalam botol sampel ⅔ bagian dari botol. 8.
Kemudi Kemudian an ambi ambill lagi lagi air air limb limbah ah di di titik titik yang yang sama sama lalu lalu masukk masukkan an
dalam botol sampel sampai penuh dan tutup rapat-rapat lalu simpan dalam wadah. 9.
Lakuka kukan n pengam ngambi bila lan n samp sampeel pada titi titik k sampli mpling ng yang lain lain
dengan cara yang sama dengan cara yang diatas. 10. Sete Setelah lah penga pengambila mbilan n sampel sampel seles selesai, ai, segera segera bawa sampel sampel terseb tersebut ut ke laboratorium untuk dianalisa.
1.2
1.2.1 1.
Proses Analisis Air Limbah
Pengukuran pH Pendahuluan pH atau derajat keasaman, yaitu parameter yang dipergunakan untuk mengukur tingkat keasaman atau kebasaan suatu larutan. pH dari air limbah yang akan dibuang atau yanga akan masuk ke WWT PT
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menghambat proses degradasi oleh bakteri karena bakteri banyak yang mati.
2.
3.
4.
Alat-alat -
Handle beaker plastik
-
Tissue
-
Kertas pH dan skala pH
Bahan
Cara Kerja a.
Siapkan ke kertas pH pH dn dna sk skala pH pH se serta sa sampel ya yang ak akan
diukur pHnya. b.
Ambil sat satu lem lembar ker kertas pH da dan cel celupkan ke da dalam
sampel. c.
Diamkan beberapa saat sampai warna stabil (tidak
berubah lagi). d.
Bandingakn warna yang terjadi denga warna yang
terdapat pada skala pH. e. 1.2. 1.2.2 2
Catat nilai pH yang diperoleh.
Peng Penguk ukur uran an turb turbid idit ity y den denga gan n men mengg ggun unak akan an Spec Spectr trop opho hoto tome mete terr DR/ DR/20 2010 10 1. Pend Pendaahulu huluaan Turbidity Turbidity (kekeruh (kekeruhan) an) air disebabka disebabkan n adanya adanya zat tersuspe tersuspensi nsi sepert sepertii lempun lempung, g, lumpur lumpur,, zat zat organ organik, ik, plankt plankton, on, dan dan zat zat-za -zatt halus halus lainny lainnya.K a.Kek ekeru eruhan han merup merupak akan an sifat sifat optis optis dari dari suatu suatu laruta larutan n yaitu yaitu hamburan hamburan dari cahaya yang melaluinya. melaluinya. Tidak Tidak dapat dapat dihubungk dihubungkan an langsung antara kekeruhan dengan kadar semua zat tersuspensi karena tergantung ukuran dan bentuknya. 2. Alat-alat - Spectrop Spectrophotom hotometer eter DR/2010 DR/2010 - Kuve Kuvett atau atau sel sel
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4.
-
Tissue
-
Aqua dm
Cara Kerja a. Nyalakan alat dengan menekan tombol :
!
b. Tunggu sampai pada display terlihat : ENTER PROGRAM # c. Masukkan nomor program untuk turbidity, tekan : 750 enter. Pada display akan terbaca : DIAL nm to 860. d. Putar panjang gelombang sampai pada display terbaca 860 nm. e. Apabila panajng gelombang sudah tepat pada display akan terbaca : ZERO SAMPLE, kemudian FAU TURBIDITY.
f. Siapkan 25 ml aqua dm (blanko) (blanko) ke dalam sel, tempatkan tempatkan dalam cell holder, lalu ditutup.
g. Tekan : ZERO, pada display akan terbaca ZEROING......... Kemudian FAU TURBIDITY. b. Masukkan Masukkan 25 ml sampe sampell ke dalam dalam sel, sel, tempat tempatkan kan pada pada cell holder lalu ditutup. c.Tekan READ, pada display akan terbaca READING......kemudian hasil pengukuran akan terbaca dalam satuan mg/L. 4.5.3 4.5.3 1.
Penetapa Penetapan n Residu Residu Tersuspe Tersuspensi/S nsi/Suspe uspended nded Solid (SS)
Pendahuluan Bila zat padat dalam sample dipisahkan dengan menggunakan filter kertas atau filter fiber glass (serabut kaca) dan kemudian zat padat yang tertahan pada filter dikeringkan pada suhu ± 105°C, maka berat residu setelah pengeringan adalah zat padat tersuspansi. 1. Penetapa Penetapan n Suspende Suspended d Solid metode metode Gravimetr Gravimetrii 1. Alat-alat - Oven - Nerac Neracaa analit analitik ik sel
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- Vacuum pump dan filtering flask - Labu Labu semp sempro rott 2. Bahan - Ke Kert rtas as Sar Sarin ing g - Tissue - Aqua dm 3. Cara Kerja a.Siapkan Vacuum pump dan filtering filtering flask , pasang kertas saring dibagian atas corong dan basahi dengan air aqua dm. b.
Hidupkan vacuum pump, masukkan sampel sebanyak 200 ml ke dalamnya (sedikit demi sedkit).
c.Setela c.Setelah h sampel sampel habis habis tersar tersaring ing,, angka angkat. t. Kertas Kertas saring saring dilipa dilipat, t, dimasukkan ke dalam cawan porselen yang sudah diketahui bobot kosongnya. d.
Panaskan dalam oven pada suhu ±105°C selama 2 jam.
e.Setelah 2 jam angkat cawan yang berisi kertas saring, didinginkan di dalam eksikator selama 15 menit kemudian ditimbang. f. Ulangi Ulangi pemanasan pemanasan dalam oven sebanyak sebanyak 2-3 kali sampai sampai di dapat dapat bobot yang tetap (lama pemanasan adalah 30 menit) g.
Catat hasil p en enimbangan sebagai b ob obot residu d al alam gram (setelah dikurangi bobot cawan kosong dan kertas saring).
h.
Perhitungan :
Nilai Residu Tersuspensi/SS Tersuspensi/SS (mg/L) = Bobot Residu x Volume Sampel 2.
Penetapan
Suspended
Spectrophotometer Spectrophotometer DR/2010 1. Alat-alat −
Spectrophotometer Spectrophotometer DR/2010
Solid
dengan
106
menggunakan
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2. Bahan −
Aqua dm
−
Tissue
3. Cara Kerja 1.
Nyalakan
dengan menekan tombol :
alat
!
2.
Tunggu
sampai
pada display terlihat : ENTER PROGRAM # 3.
Masukkan Nomor
Program untuk Suspended solid, tekan : 630 Enter. Pada display akan terbaca : DIAL nm to 810. a. Putar Putar panjang panjang gelomban gelombang g sampai sampai pada pada display display terbac terbacaa 810 nm. b. Apabil Apabilaa panja panjang ng gelomban gelombang g sudah sudah tepat tepat pada pada display display akan terbac terbacaa : ZERO SAMPEL, kemudian : mg/L SUSPENDED SOLID.
c. Tuangkan Tuangkan 25 ml aqua dm (blanko (blanko)) ke dalam dalam kuvet/sel kuvet/sel.. d. Tempa Tempatka tkan n blanko blanko ter terseb sebut ut ke dala dalam m cell holder , lalu ditutup e. Tekan : ZERO, pada display akan terbaca ZEROING........kemudian ........kemudian : 0 mg/L SUSPENDED SOLID.
f. Tuangk Tuangkan an 25 ml sampel sampel yang yang sudah sudah dihomoge dihomogenka nkan n ke dalan kuvet/ kuvet/se sell sampel. g. Temp Tempat atka kan n pada pada cell holder lalu ditutup. h. Tekan : READ, pada pada displa display y akan akan terbac terbacaa READING......kemudian hasil pengukuran akan terbaca dalam satuan mg/L. 4.5. .5.4
Pene enetap tapan
Resi Resid du
Terlar larut
(TDS TDS/To /Total tal
Diss Dissol olv ved
Soli Solid) d) dengan ngan
menggunakan menggunakan metode Gravimetri 1. Pend Pendaahulu huluaan Zat pada terlarut yaiotu zat padat yang lolos filter pada analisa zat zat pada padatt terl terlar arut ut dapa dapatt meru merupa paka kan n kela kelanj njut utan an anal analis isaa pada padatt
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± 105° 105°C. C. Resi Residu du yang yang tert tertin ingg ggal al adal adalah ah zat zat pada padatt terl terlar arut ut,, yang yang merupaka merupakan n garam-ga garam-garam ram yang dahulu terlarut terlarut dan juga sedikit zat padat koloidal. 2. Alat-alat −
Vacuum pump dan filtering flask
−
Pipet seukuran 10 ml
−
Cawan poeselen
−
Pemanasan listrik
−
Oven
−
Eksikator
−
−
Neraca Analitik Boto Semprot
3. Bahan −
Tissue
−
Aqua dm
−
Kertas Saring
4. Cara Kerja a.Siapkan vacuum pump dan filtering flask , pasang kertas saring dibagian atas corong dan basahi dengan air aqua dm. b.
Hidupkan vacuum pump, masukkan sampel sebanyak 200
ml ke dalamnya (sedikit demi sedikmit). c.Filtrat dipipet sebanyak 10 ml ke dalam cawan porselen yang
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g.
Pema Pemana nassan da dalam lam ove oven diul diulaangi 2-3 2-3 ka kali sa sampai pai did didapa apat
bobot yang tetap (lama pemanasan adalah 30 menit). h.
Cata Catatt hasi hasill peni penimb mban anga gan n seba sebaga gaii bobo bobott resi residu du dal dalam am gara garam m
(setelah dikurangi bobot cawan kosong). i. Perhitun Perhitungan gan : Nilai Residu Terlarut (mg/L) = Bobot Residu x Volume Sampel
4.5. 4.5.5 5
106
Pene Peneta tapa pan n MLSS MLSS (Mix (Mixed ed Liqu Liquor or susp suspen ende ded d Soli Solid) d),, Ka Kada darr Abu, Abu, dan dan MLVSS (Mixed Liquor Volatile Suspended Solid) 1. Pend endahul ahulu uan MLSS adalah konsentarsi biomassa di bak aerasi yang harus dipertahankan pada harga konstan. Nilai MLSS perlu diketahui untuk mendapatkan mendapatkan F/M Ratio yang merupakan perbandingan perbandingan antara substrat (BOD
limbah
masuk)
yang
tersedia
dengan
banyaknya
mikroorganisme (MLSS) di bak aerasi. Nilai MLVSS diperoleh dari nilai MLSS dikuranngi dengan kadar abu di bak aerasi. 2.
Alat-alat −
Oven
−
Cawan porselen Botol semprot
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4.
−
Aqua dm
−
Kertas saring whatman no 41
Cara Kerja a. Siapkan vacuum vacuum pump dan filtering filtering flask , pasang kertas saring dibagian atas corong dan basahi dengan aqua dm. b. Hidupkan vacuum pump, masukkan sampel sebanyak 200 ml ke dalamnya (sedikit demi sedikit). c. Sete Setela lah h smap smapel el habi habiss ters tersar arin ing, g, angk angkat at.. Ke Kert rtas as sari saring ng dili dilipa pat, t, dimasukkan ke dalam cawan porselen yang sudah diketahui bobot kosongnya. d. Panaskan Panaskan dalam dalam oven pada suhu ±105°C ±105°C selama selama 2 jam. jam. e. Sete Setelah lah 2 jam jam angkat angkat cawan cawan yang beris berisii kertas kertas saring, saring, dingin dinginkan kan di dalam eksikator selama 15 menit kemudian timbang. f. Ula Ulangi ngi pema pemanas nasan an dalam dalam oven oven sebanya sebanyak k 2-3 kali sampai sampai didapa didapatt bobot yang tetap (lama pemanasan adalah 30 menit). g. Cata Catatt hasi hasill peni penimb mban anga gan n seba sebaga gaii bobo bobott resi residu du dala dalam m gara garam m (setelah dikurangi bobot cawan kosong dan kertas saring). h. Set Setela elah h itu masukk masukkan an cawan cawan yang berisi berisi kertas kertas saring saring ke dalam dalam tanur pada suhu 700°C selama 2 jam. i. Kemudi Kemudian an diangka diangkat, t, didingi didinginka nkan n dalam eksika eksikator tor selam selamaa 15 menit dan ditimbang. j. Ulangi Ulangi pemana pemanasan san dalam dalam tanur sebanyak sebanyak 2-3 kali sampa sampaii diperole diperoleh h bobot yang tetap (lama pemanasan adalah 30 menit).
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Nilai MLVSS 4.5.6 4.5.6
= Nilai MLSS – Kadar Abu
Penetapa Penetapan n Kadar Kadar air dan Kadar Kadar abu abu metode metode Gravimetr Gravimetrii 1. Alat-alat −
Neraca analitik
−
Cawan porselen
−
Oven
−
Penjepit cawan eksikator
−
Tanur/ furnace furnace
2. Cara Kerja a.
Sampel sebanyak 5 gram ditimbang denga teliti dalam
cawan porselen yang sudah diketahui bobot kosongnya. b. Panaskan Panaskan dalam dalam oven pada suhu ±105°C ±105°C selama selama 2 jam. jam. c. Sete Setelah lah 2 jam jam angkat angkat cawan cawan yang beris berisii kertas kertas saring, saring, dingin dinginkan kan di dalam eksikator selama 15 menit kemudian timbang. d. Ula Ulangi ngi pemana pemanasan san dalam dalam oven seban sebanyak yak 2-3 kali kali sampai sampai didapa didapatt bobot yang tetap (lama pemanasan adalah 30 menit). e. Cata Catatt hasi hasill peni penimb mban anga gan n seba sebaga gaii bobo bobott resi residu du dala dalam m gara garam m (setelah dikurangi bobot cawan kosong dan kertas saring). f. Sete Setela lah h itu itu masu masukk kkan an cawan cawan yang yang beri berisi si kerta kertass sari saring ng ke dala dalam m tanur pada suhu 700°C selama 2 jam.
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Kadar Abu(%)= 4.5. 4.5.7 7
Bobot Abu x 100% Bobot Sampel Kering
Pene Peneta tapa pan n Oksig Oksigen en terl terlar arut ut (DO/ (DO/ Dissolved Dissolved Oksigen ) dengan metode titrasi Winkler.
1.
Pendahuluan DO ( Dissolved Dissolved Oksigen) adalah konsentrasi oksigen terlarut di dalam air dengan satuan mg/L. Oksigen terlarut ini digunakana sebagai tanda tanda deraj derajat at pengot pengotor or yang yang ada. ada. Semaki Semakin n besar besar oksige oksigen n terlar terlarut ut menujukan derajat pengotor relatif kecil. Ada 2 metoda yang banyak digunakan untuk analisa oksigen terlarut : a. Metod Metodee titra titrasi si denga denga cara cara Wink Winkler ler b. Metode Metode elektrok elektrokimia imia denganD denganDO O meter yang yang menggu menggunaka nakan n sebuah sebuah elektroda membran. Adapaun Prinsip analisa metode titrasi Winkler adalah oksigen di dalam sampel akan mengoksidasi MnSO 4 yang ditambahkan ke dalam larutan pada keadaan alkalis, sehinggga endapan MnO 2. Dengan penbambahan asam sulfat dan KI maka akan dibebaskan iodin yang ekival ekivalen en denag denag oksige oksigen n terlar terlarut. ut. Iodin Iodin yang yang dibeb dibebask askan an terseb tersebut ut kemudi kemudian an dianal dianalisa isa dengan dengan metod metodee titra titrasi si iodome iodometri tri yaitu yaitu dengan dengan larutan standar Na2S2O3 dengan indikator kanji. Reaksi yang terjadi : MnSO4 + 2KOH → Mn(OH)2 + K 2SO4
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−
Statif
−
Klem
3. Bahan −
Larutan MnSO4
−
Larutan alkali iodida azida
−
H2SO4 p.a.
−
Larutan Na2S2O3 0.025 N
−
Indikator Kanji
−
Aqua dm
4. Cara Kerja a.
Ke dala dalam m con conto toh h ya yang suda udah ad ada di di da dalam lam bo botol tol wing wingkl kleer
ditambahkan 1 ml larutan MnSO4 di bawah permukaan cairan. b.
Kemudian tambahakn 1 ml larutan alkali iodiida azida.
Botol ditutup lagi dengan hati-hati untuk mencegah tertangkapnya udara udara dari luar, luar, kemudian kemudian dikocok dikocok dengan dengan membolak membolak-balik -balikkan kan botol.
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g.
Tamb Tambah ahka kan n ind indik ikat ator or kanj kanjii 1-2 1-2 ml maka maka akan akan timb timbul ul wa warn rnaa
biru. Titrasi dengan tiosulfat diteruskan sampai warna biru hilang pertama kali (setelah beberapa menit akan timbul kembali). h.
Perhitungan :
DO = A x N x 8 x 1000 V - 2 Keterangan : A = Volume Na2S2O4 (ml) N = Normalitas Normalitas larutan larutan Na2S2O4 V = Volume Volume botol botol winkler winkler 1 8
= BE Oksigen
4.5.8 4.5.8 1.
= Juml Jumlah ah volu volume me pere pereak aksi si yang yang dita ditamb mbah ahka kan n
Penetapa Penetapan n Nilai Nilai BOD (biolo (biologica gicall Oksigen Oksigen Deman Demand) d) dengan dengan BOD Trak Trak Pendahuluan BOD atau kebutuhan Oksigen Biologis (KOB) adalah jumlah oksi oksig gen
yang
dib dibutu utuhkan hkan
oleh leh
bak bakter teri
untu ntuk
mengur nguraaika ikan
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2. Alat-alat −
BOD Track instrument
−
Botol semprot
−
/Gelas ukur 500 ml Graduate cylinder /Gelas
−
Magnetic stirrer
−
Stop cock grease
−
Corong Panjang
3. Bahan −
Sampel yang diuji
−
Nutriend buffer solution pillows
−
Lithium hydroxide powder pillows
4. Cara Kerja a. Gunakan Graduate cylinder yang bersih untuk menentukan volume sampel yang tepat untuk dimasukkan ke dalam botol BOD Track . b. Masukkan magneti dalam masina-m masina-masing asing botol magnetikk stirrer stirrer bar ke dalam
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g. Leta Letakk kkan an boto botoll pada pada BOD track. Pasang tube-tube pada masingmasi masing ng boto botoll samp sampel el dan dan tutu tutup p deng dengan an rapa rapat. t. Seti Setiap ap tube dihub dihubung ungkan kan dengan dengan nomor nomor salura saluran n yang yang telah telah di susun susun pada pada peralatan. Saluran tersebut akan terlihat pada panel control . h. Letakk takkaan BOD track tersebut ke dalam inkubator selama 5 hari. i. Sete Setela lah h 5 hari, hari, kelu keluar arka kan n BOD BOD track tersebut dari inkubator dan segera lakukan pengetesan. j.j. Hid Hidupkan pkan alat lat BOD dengan ngan mene menek kan tom tombol bol ON di bagi bagiaan samping alat tersebut. k. Pasti astika kan n semu semuaa stirrer berputar, jika stirrer tergelincir ke bagian samping dari dasar botol angkat botol dan atur agar stirrer tersebut be berad rada
di
teng tengaah
dan seg segera leta letak kkan kan
kembal mbali. i.
Jang angan
menghidupkan menghidupkan saluran sampai stirrer berputar berputar dengan benar. l. Untu Untuk k memi memilih lih wakt waktu u penge pengete tesa san n teka tekan n dan dan taha tahan n < (kir (kiri) i) dan > (kanan) secara bersamaan sampai muncul MENU. Tekan kunci chennel 6 untuk mengaktifkan pengetesan gelombang parameter.
Gunakan kunci panah (
) untuk memilih 5,7, atau 10 hari
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q. BOD yang yang dihasil dihasilka kan n dapat denga dengan n cepat cepat dibaca dibaca pada layar layar BOD track dengan menekan tombol yang sesuai dengan masing-masing
botol sampel. r. Set Setela elah h penge pengetes tesan an selesai selesai,, matika matikan n ala alatt dengan dengan menek menekan an tombol tombol OFF. Keterangan : BOD nutrient buffer pillows contains : Calsium Chloride, Ferric Chloride Chloride,, Magnesiu Magnesium m Sulfate, Sulfate, Potassiu Potassium m Phosphat Phosphate, e, Dibasic, Dibasic, Demineralized Water.
4.5.9 4.5.9 Peneta Penetapa pan n nilai nilai COD (Che (Chemic mical al Oxyge Oxygen n Demand Demand)) 1. Pend Pendaahulu huluaan COD ata atau u Kebutu Kebutuhan han Oksige Oksigen n Kimia Kimia (KOK) (KOK) adala adalah h jumlah jumlah oksigen (mg O 2) yang dibutuhkan mengoksidasi zat-zat organic yang ada dalam 1 L sampel air dimana pengoksidasi K 2Cr 2O7 digunakan sebagai sumber oksigen ( oxidizing agent ). ). Sebagian besar zat organic malalui tes Cod ini dioksidasi oleh larutan K 2Cr 2O7 dalam keadaan asam yang mendidih (reaksi 1).
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merkuri bergabung dengan ion klorida membentuk merkuri klorida, sesuai reaksi : Hg2+ + 2Cl- → HgCl2 Dengan adanya ion Hg 2+ ini, konsentrasi ion Cl - menjadi sangat kecil dan tidak mengganggu oksidasi zat organik dalam tes COD. 1. o
Cara Cara memb membua uatt lar larut utan an COD COD met metod odee Spec Spectr trop opho hoto tome metr trii Larutan 1 1. Siapkan Siapkan labu labu ukur ukur 50 ml, tutup tutup dengan dengan kertas kertas karbon karbon.. 2. Masukk sukkaan 45 45 ml ml H2SO4 p.a. dalam labu ukur 50 ml. 3. Laru Larutk tkan an 1 garm garm K 2Cr 2O7 p.a. yang telah dikeringkan dalam oven 105°C ke dalam labu ukur.
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−
Botol semprot
−
Rak tabung
2. Bahan −
Reagent COD (larutan 1, 2, dan 3)
−
Aqua dm
−
Tissue
3. Cara Kerja a. Siap Siapka kan n seju sejuml mlah ah tabun tabung g COD COD yang yangss udah udah diisi diisi reagent COD (untuk larutan 1 = 1 ml, larutan 2 = 2 ml, larutan 3 = 0,2 ml) b. b. Masu Masukk kkan an aqua aqua dm (bla (blank nko) o) dan dan seju sejuml mlah ah samp sampel el masi masing ng--
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l. Lap bagian bagian luar luar tabung tabung COD blank blanko o dengan dengan tissue, tissue, tempat tempatkan kan ke ke dalam adapter (posisi logo HACH di bagian depan alat) lalu ditutup. m. Tekan ZERO pad padaa disp displa lay y akan akan terb terbac acaa : ZEROING...... kemudian : 0 mg/L COD HR . n. Lap bagian bagian luar luar tabung tabung COD sampe sampell dengan dengan tissue, tissue, tempatka tempatkan n ke dalam dalam adapte adapterr (posis (posisii logo logo HACH HACH dibag dibagian ian depan depan ala alat) t) lalu lalu ditutup. o. Tekan READ pada pada displa display y akan akan terba terbaca ca : READING......... kemudian hasil pengukuran nilai COD aka terbaca dalam mg/L. 3
Penetapan nilai COD dengan Titrasi
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b. Sete Setelah lah 2 jam, jam, smapel smapel dikeluark dikeluarkan an dan dibiark dibiarkan an sampai sampai dingin. dingin. Lakukan pengerjaan ini terhadap blanko dengan memipet 2 ml air suling. c. Sampel Sampel dan blank blanko o dipindah dipindahaka akan n ke dalam dalam erlenme erlenmeyer yer 50 ml, bilas dengan 10 ml air suling. d. Tamba Tambahka hkan n pada masing masing-ma -masin sing g blanko blanko dan sampel sampel 2 ml H 2SO4 pekat. Tambahkan 3 tetes Indikator Ferroin. e. Titr Titras asii deng dengan an laru laruta tan n FA FAS S 0,12 0,125 5 N samp sampai ai terj terjad adii peru peruba baha han n warna dari hijau menjadi merah kecoklatan. f. Catat Catat volum volumee FAS (A) (A) ml ml dan (B) (B) ml ml untuk untuk blan blanko. ko. g. Lakuk Lakukan an secara secara duplo, duplo, perbeda perbedaan an volume volume tidak boleh boleh lebih lebih dari dari
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Ion klorida (Cl -) tidak tidak aktif aktif,, sedan sedangka gkan n Cl2, HOCl, dan OCldiangggap sebagai bahan yang aktif. HOCl yang tidak terpecah adalah zat pembasmi yang paling efisien bagi bakteri. Oleh kareana itu, kadar klor pada limbah yang akan dibuang ke Waste Water Treatment harus kurang dari 0,1 ppm karena jika kadarnya tinggi akanmengakibatkan bakteri yang digunakan untuk menguraikan zat-zat organik pencemar mati. f. Alat-alat −
Spectrophotometer Spectrophotometer DR/2010
−
Cell riser
Kuvet/sel
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j. Tambahkan sat satu DPD free chlorine powder pillow ke dalam sel tersebut lalu dikocok selama 20 detik. k. Temp Tempat atka kan n sel ters terseb ebut ut ke dala dalam m cell holder dengan segera, alu ditutup. l
Tekan : READ pada pada disp displa lay y akan akan terb terbac acaa : READING.....
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−
Gelas ukur 25 ml
−
Corong
3. Bahan −
Kertas saring whatman no 41
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j. j. Masu Masukk kkan an sel blan blanko ko ke dala dalam m spec spectr trop opho hoto tome mete terr lalu lalu teka tekan n : ZERO, pada display akan terbaca : ZEROING......kemudian 0,00 mg/L.
k. Lalu Lalu masu masukk kkan an sel sel sampe sampell dan teka tekan n : READ, pada display akan terbaca : READING.....kemudian hasil akan terbaca dalam mg/L
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a. Hidu Hidupk pkan an spec spectr trof ofot otom omet eter er DR/2 DR/201 010 0 deng dengan an mene meneka kan n tomb tombol ol berikut :
!
b. Tungg Tunggu u samapi samapi pada pada disp display lay terl terliha ihatt : ENTER PROGRAM # c. Masu Masukk kkan an nomo nomorr prog progra ram m untuk untuk reactive phosphorus-ascorbic phosphorus-ascorbic
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Zn merupakan logam berat yang diklasifikasikan sebagai polutan dala dalam m air air. Ke Keb bera eratan tan Zn dala alam jumla umlah h yang banya nyak akan kan meny menyeb ebab abka kan n
air air
bera beracu cun, n, sehi sehing nggg ggaa dipe diperl rluk ukan an peng pengon ontr trol olan an
konsentrasi dari unsur ini. 2
Alat alat
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