E.T. YUCHENGCO COLLEGE OF BUSINESS Academic Year 2015 - 2016
A CULTURAL HERITAGE MAPPING FOR PANGIL, LAGUNA
Bhea Marie Peregrin ROXAS John Ronald Luna HURAÑO
Thesis Adviser: Ms. Merle U. Ruiz
Submitted to the Faculty of Malayan Colleges Laguna in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of
Bachelor of Science in Tourism Management
The thesis attached hereto, entitled “CULTURAL HERITAGE MAPPING FOR PAN GIL, LAGUNA”, prepared and submitted by Bhea Marie P. Roxas and John Ronald L. Huraño in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Science in Tourism Management is hereby accepted.
FLORENDA J. DE VERO, MBA
ROEL C. RODRIGO, PhD
Panel Chair
Panel Member
______________________
______________________
Date Signed
Date Signed
MERLE U. RUIZ, MBA Adviser ______________________
Date Signed
MERLE U. RUIZ, MBA Program Chair, BSTM ______________________
Date Signed
MAURICE C. SABIO, CPA, MBA Dean, E.T. Yuchengco College of Business ______________________
Date Signed
Copyright
“The author and the adviser authorize consultation and partial reproduction of this thesis for personal use. Any other reproduction or use is subject to copyright protection. Citation should clearly mention the reference of this work.”
Malayan Colleges Laguna, November 2015
The Adviser
The Authors:
Ms. Merle U. Ruiz
Bhea Marie P. Roxas
John Ronald L. Huraño i
Biographical Sketch
BHEA MARIE PEREGRIN ROXAS was born on February 12, 1995 and is currently living in Cabuyao City, Laguna. She was chosen as one of Laguna’s Most Outstanding Youth of GAWAD Felicisimo T. San Luis 2012 and has received an award for Arts, Culture and Faith. She is an active student of Malayan Colleges Laguna taking Bachelor of Science in Tourism Management joining college organizations like MCL Chambers Choir and Hospitality and Tourism Enthusiasts’ Leaders Society where she became the President year 2014. She is now the Vice President of MCL’s Supreme Student Council 2015. She is an academic achiever and a highflier for extracurricular activities. Her greatest achievement so far for MCL was the Gold Medal she bagged for the Virtual Tour Guiding COHREP IV Skills Competition participated by many universities held in in Lyceum of the Philippines-Laguna on March 6, 2015.
JOHN RONALD LUNA HURAÑO was born on December 24, 1994 in Marikina City, Metro Manila. He and his family are currently living in Santa Rosa City, Laguna. He completed his elementary years at Meridian Educational Institution and high school years at Santa Rosa Science and Technology High School. He is a student of Malayan Colleges Laguna taking Bachelor of Science in Tourism Management. He became Program Head Coordinator in MCL Tourism and Hospitality Exposition event and a Board of Member of Hospitality and Tourism Enthusiasts’ Leaders Society (Ho.T.E.L.S.) student’s organization.
ii
Acknowledgment
A research study is one way of presenting ourselves through all the ideas that gathered and combined to come up with one main topic. The study would not have been possible without the help of the following people who we considered being part of our journey while completing the study; and so we would like to extend our gratitude to: Malayan Colleges Laguna, our beloved institution, who gave us the opportunity to finish the research study by providing sufficient facilities which helped us to further gather information about the study. Our highly respected panel members, Ms. Florenda J. De Vero and Mr. Roel C. Rodrigo, for their constant reminder, patience, advice, guidelines and efforts for making this study happen. Our knowledgeable course professor, Mr. Roel C. Rodrigo, for his patience and guidance in the different aspects of the study, and the undeniable support he gave at every moment of the defense. Our very supportive adviser, Ms. Merle Ruiz, who gave us guidance and ideas from the beginning until the end. Our loving families, for their unwavering love, care, support and provision for our financial needs. And above all, we would like to thank the Almighty God for giving us the wisdom and strength as well as guiding us at all times.
iii
Abstract
Conducting cultural heritage mapping is one the effective tools to show ownership, resource usage, and could create empowerment which can be used in stimulating intergenerational and intercultural learning as well as inventory of cultural heritage resources. A cultural heritage map for Pangil, Laguna was developed through inquiring cultural heritage resources in terms of tangible and intangible assets towards ecotourism development. The study is a descriptive and exploratory research that utilized qualitative method as its research design. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and observations of the local community in Pangil, Laguna. The study concluded that Pangil, Laguna with the development of cultural heritage map, the municipality can improve its tourism growth with its assets. It is recommended to the future researchers to conduct an in-depth investigation on the cultural heritage assets of Pangil, Laguna.
v
Table of Contents
Copyright
i
Biographical Sketch
ii
Acknowledgement
iii
Abstract
iv
Table of Contents
v
Introduction
1
Review of Related Literature
5
Methodology
22
Results and Discussion
26
Conclusion
32
Recommendation
33
References
35
Appendices
39
List of Figures
vi
List of Appendices
vii
List of Acronyms/Abbreviations
viii
Definition of Terms
ix
v
List of Figures
Figure number 1
Title
Page
Cultural Heritage Mapping of Sariaya and Tayabas, Quezon
19
2
A Sample Cultural Heritage Mapping of Iloilo by Google
20
3
A Sample of Cultural Heritage Map from Philippine Heritage Map
21
4
Cultural Heritage Map of Pangil, Laguna
31
vi
List of Appendices
Appendix
Title
Page
A
Government Questionnaire (Palatanungan)
39
B
Local Questionnaire (Palatanungan)
41
vii
List of Acronyms/Abbreviations
CRIP - Customer Referral Incentive Program LGU - Local Government Unit LTCATO – Laguna Tourism, Culture, Arts and Trade Office MCL – Malayan Colleges Laguna NCHA - National Cultural Heritage Act of 2009 OECD - Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development PGL – Provincial Government of Laguna PREP – Panguil River Eco Park UNWTO - United Nations World Tourism Organization
viii
Definition of Terms
cultural - the ideas, customs, and social behavior of a society. cultural heritage mapping - the method of determining natural and cultural heritage resources of a specific site for conservation and development purposes. environmental - the conditions that surround someone or something. heritage - something that is passed down from preceding generation; a tradition. mapping - the act or process of making a map.
ix
Introduction
Tourism has become one of the fastest growing industries in the world. Similarly, it is an indispensable and competitive industry that requires the capacity to adjust continually to clients' changing needs and goals of consumer loyalty, wellbeing and satisfaction (Go2 Tourism HR Society, 2015). Cultural heritage is one of the leading forms of tourism being renowned particularly in most Asian countries; it is endowed with abundant cultural resources namely: national parks, mountains, lakes, monuments, museums, festivals, rituals, handicrafts. Such cultural heritage resources were commonly found in rural areas. Therefore, cultural heritage tourism is highlighted in rural areas as it being used to diversify economic regeneration. In recent years, tourists are becoming more enticed to explore different types of tourism where most of the preferences were in discovering cultures and exploring destinations that sufficed their enthusiasm and fulfilling satisfaction. In this context, an increase of tourist arrivals most likely contributes to the economic development of tourism in a certain country. Ecotourism observes sustainability and the preservation of the environment. Its objective is to maintain a well-balanced ecosystem and minimize the social, behavioral, psychological and physical impacts. In addition, ecotourism promotes awareness and stimulates positive atmosphere for the stakeholders. Ecotourism supports the protection of cultural and environmental aspects by minimizing the effects caused by development.
1
Laguna is the third largest province in Region IV with a total land area of 175,973 hectares; Santa Cruz town is its capital. Laguna is blessed with abundant natural resources. It has about 40 rivers with a total area of 50 hectares; flora and fauna abound in Mount Makiling and Laguna de Bay; its land are rich in mineral deposits such as clay, jasper and basalt glass; and its wide open fields and forests are suitable for growing various crops such as rice, coconut, vegetables, ornamental flowers and exotic plants. It has 24 municipalities and 6 cities (Tidon, 2015). One of the municipalities of Laguna is Pangil. It is a fourth class municipality founded in 1579 by two Franciscan missionaries. It has a land area consisting of two noncontiguous parts separated by Laguna de Bay (Loreto, 2011). The tourism industry in Pangil, Laguna generates income for the government and their community. Also, it provides employment that serves as an economic benefit to the community. The main attraction of the eco-park is the Pangil River. In the absence of multi-national factories, and with agriculture as the town’s main source of industry and livelihood aside from the cottage industry such as basket weaving and paper maché products for export, the town chief executive sought to tap the beauty of the river, the presence of a waterfall and the forested mountain thriving with a variety of fauna and flora as possible revenue generating tourist destination. The important focus of the study is to discover the potential cultural characteristics of Pangil, Laguna; and apply cultural heritage mapping and use it as a tool to have an effective guideline for the protection and development of traditional aspects for ecotourism. Pangil, Laguna, the chosen area of study, has a probability to be an ecotourism destination; hence, the involvement of the community is necessary.
2
Conducting cultural heritage mapping is one the effective tools to show ownership, resource usage, and could create empowerment which can be used in stimulating intergenerational and intercultural learning as well as inventory of cultural heritage resources. The study aimed to conduct a cultural heritage mapping through a process of interviewing the stakeholders of Pangil, Laguna to acquire information whether the place has existing tangible and intangible assets that can potentially help for the development of ecotourism and create a simple illustration of the assets plotted on the map. The results of the study will benefit the institution. The study will be beneficial to future tourism students other researchers who will undertake similar studies and for the local government; the researchers conducted data mining within the local community as basis for developing the town’s tourism. More importantly, it will be of assistance to the host community to promote the municipality of Pangil. The study will be a significant tool in providing information to the locals on how Pangil, Laguna can benefit from ecotourism using Cultural Heritage Mapping as instrument for developing tourism. Results of this study can be used for other purposes and further study.
3
Scope and Delimitation of the Study The study was conducted to identify the cultural heritage resources in terms of tangible and intangible assets for creating a cultural heritage map through in-depth interviews with the indigenous people of Pangil, Laguna. The study was conducted as part of the requirements for this course which is Tourism and Hospitality Research Method and Techniques I & II during the 1 st term and 2nd term of school year 2015-2016. The aspects looked into were the qualifications of the local residents upon providing information regarding the study of “Cultural Heritage Mapping for Pangil, Laguna”. To create a cultural heritage map, the study was limited and was based only on the results of the interviews. Results for the tangible assets are shown on the cultural heritage map; and the intangible assets are indicated in the Results and Discussion.
4
Review of Related Literature
Trends in Rural Tourism Rural tourism covers a wide variety of activities and attractions that takes place in a non-urban community or location. In addition, rural tourism has many benefits pertaining to its characteristics; these include wide-open spaces; low tourism development and direct visitor experiences with natural environment, agriculture and even culture. However, rural tourism is not only a farm-based tourism; It comprises variety of activities and interests like ecotourism, adventure, sports, health, hunting and fishing, education, ethnic, agriculture, arts and heritage tourism that can open potential opportunities (Irshad, 2010). Nowadays, more and more tourists appreciate going to rural areas and want to experience the countryside lifestyle, experience different cultures and interact with the locals. However, rural areas should be sensitive to some changes that will transpire in the host community. With inevitable deviations affecting social fabric and economic wellbeing, it will require careful planning and thorough monitoring. Today, it is vital in the twenty-first century to recognize the impacts relating to planning. Being dependent on tourism is one of the concerns in rural tourism management; and it may result to greater capacity of visitors that necessitates careful consideration (Page & Connel, 2012).
5
Ecotourism Principles According to The International Ecotourism Society (2015), traveling responsibly at the same time learning and being able to sustain and conserve the well-being of the whole environment is what ecotourism. Principles of ecotourism must be observed to attain a well-balanced environment. As such, minimizing impacts on behavioral, social, physical and psychological aspects, instituting cultural and environmental awareness, providing a positive atmosphere for locals and tourists, generating financial benefits for the stakeholders, constructing and designing low-impact facilities and amenities, and the most important thing is recognizing and respecting the rights of the indigenous people of the community and establish empowerment.
Tourism Stakeholders Involvement According to the United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), stakeholders consists of national governments, local governments, tourism establishments and tourism enterprises, institutions engaged in financing tourism projects, tourism employees and trade unions, tourism education and training centers, travelers, local populations and host communities at tourism destinations through their representatives, and other juridical and natural persons having stakes in tourism development including non-governmental organizations specializing in tourism and directly involved in tourism projects and the supply of tourism services. This proves that tourism stakeholders have a broad scope in terms of the people involved in the activities of a certain place.
6
In addition, conferring to the study of Benckendorff & Lund-Durlacher (2013), referring to The Okavango Delta Management Planning, it was stated that stakeholders alliance in integrative planning sets a direction and limits of growth. They are also involved to the development of the place in terms of economic, social and environmental. For them, as a vital constituent for progress, evidences must be provided for the continuous support to Pangil’s advancements. Stakeholders have different views, beliefs and knowledge of the present situation in Pangil, Laguna and without proper communication and instruction, there might be a possibility of having conflicts between the views and interests of the groups. With proper examination, bindings and open expressions between their assessments will have clearance and unity for the growth of the community.
National Cultural Heritage Act Primarily, the National Cultural Heritage Act of 2009 (NCHA), Republic Act No. 10066, is a practice of combining and restoring all of the disparate preservation-related laws that had been enacted over the past hundred years. Nevertheless, the NCHA has a list for preserving built environment with some new policy goals and several new practicable tools. However, NCHA focuses not only on built heritage preservation but also on all areas of cultural heritage including art and intangible cultural property (Tankersley, 2014). As an example, the NCHA states that the government shall “endeavor to create a balanced atmosphere where the historic past coexists in harmony with modern society. It shall approach the problem of conservation in an integrated and holistic manner, cutting across all relevant disciplines and technologies” and “further
7
administer the heritage resources in a spirit of stewardship for the inspiration and benefit of the present and future generations.” Particularly, NCHA is initially representing the Philippine preservation law that uses and defines the term “built heritage” as “architectural and engineering structures…and their settings, and landscapes with notable historical and cultural significance.” A non-exhaustive list of examples of built heritage is provided by NCHA bridges, government buildings, houses of ancestry, traditional dwellings, quartels, train stations, lighthouses, small ports, educational, technological and industrial complexes. Clearly, the NCHA also has a distinction in nomenclature between historical landmarks, monuments, and shrines. The availability of priority government funding for protection, conservation and restoration of national historic landmarks, sites, and monuments is an especially important preservation tool made by the NCHA. Also, these historic sites will be given priority protection during times of armed conflict or natural disaster (Tankersley, 2014). Another new preservation tool created by the NCHA is the ability to designate geographical areas as protected “heritage zones.” These heritage zones are similar in effect to local historic districts in the United States—which focuses on sustaining the historic appearance of an area. Both types of geographical designation are maintained by local governments, though the Philippine heritage zones are designated by the national government, whereas the regulated districts in America are locally designated. The NCHA also establishes a national Registry of Cultural Property. An immovable cultural property is added to the registry, under any circumstances, and will correspond to
8
annotation on the property’s land title within the Registry of Deeds so that the benefit of historic designation will run with the land (Tankersley, 2014). Under the NCHA, government cultural agencies have much more control over privately owned cultural property. For instance, agencies now have the power to issue a mandatory and legally binding cease and desist order, when the physical integrity of the national cultural treasures or important cultural properties are found to be in danger of destruction or significant alteration from its original state. Moreover, cultural agencies have the power to issue compulsory repair orders for neglected cultural properties. Furthermore, cultural agencies have been granted oversight for the rehabilitation of cultural properties, including approval of “only those methods and materials that strictly adhere to the accepted international standards of conservation.” Private owners of historic monuments and sites must also coordinate with cultural agencies to arrange a schedule for public access (Tankersley, 2014). Consequently, this law of National Cultural Heritage Act of 2009, Republic Act No. 10066, will provide proper conservation of the heritage and culture of Pangil, Laguna. The protection of the natural, built and intangible environment of Pangil will produce benefits to all the stakeholders including the local community and tourists.
Cultural Heritage Tourism Concepts For travelers and tourists, understanding the norms, culture and social aspects of a certain place are a must. The indigenous people showcases and manages the place and markets what the community has to offer to the public and is responsible to support the maintenance of the environment and culture for continuous development. Respect is
9
demanded from the public and community; travelers and tourists must have a mindset of how to conserve and be a model of a responsible traveler. Travelers and tourists are also customers; the place should provide excellent services and experiences to gain their loyalty to meet the satisfaction need as well as encourage others to visit. Culture and heritage shared the same concept used by people in describing the legacy of the past generations. In the same notion, while culture is the composite body of knowledge that members of a society acquire by virtue of living in a place, heritage refers to the legacy of the people that they inherit from earlier generations. As such, heritage includes culture and is not restricted to artifacts and monuments alone but rather it is a concept that reminds us of the value of our treasure that we must protect to leave for our future generations. Similarly, preservation and conservation of our treasure from the past is the way to carry our heritage from the present to the future. The United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), defined cultural tourism as means of travel concerning experienced on cultural environments, including landscapes, the visual and performing arts, and special (local) lifestyles, values, traditions, events as well as other ways of creative and inter-cultural exchange processes. According to the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) cultural tourism is one of the largest and fastest-growing global tourism markets. As such, culture and creative industries are increasingly being used to promote destinations and enhance their competitiveness and attractiveness. Moreover, many locations are now active in developing their tangible and intangible cultural assets as a means of developing comparative advantages in an increasingly competitive tourism marketplace, so as to create local distinctiveness in the face of globalization.
10
The same is cited by Goeldner & Ritchie (2012); cultural heritage tourism is a form of tourism to experience the places and activities that authentically represents the stories and people of the past and present. It is in this aspect that tourism is being considered as a vital means of promoting cultural relations and international cooperation upon considering cultural factors within a nation having much appeal thus enticing more visitors. In many countries, tourism can be linked with ‘cultural relations’ policy wherein it is being used to promote not only knowledge and understanding but more on a favorable image of a particular nation among foreign visitors in the travel market. Heritage is defined as anything of value from the past that provides identity to the present and inspires the future generation. Traditionally, it is classified as intangible or tangible, movable or immovable, natural or cultural, personal or communal. Usually, heritage is perceived as something without use or practical value and has no return of investment. Moreover, some view its preservation as something contrary to modernization, westernization or globalization, which are concepts equated with development.
Developing Cultural Heritage Tourism A certain community has a potential for cultural heritage tourism by developing a strategy and using a series of steps and tools to evaluate the community. Different strategies can be used to better understand the broader system of tourism in any area, measure the receptiveness of the residents to tourism and attempt to examine the aspiration of the visitors precisely.
11
Arizona is a state which has been a leader for more than a decade in developing cultural heritage tourism with its “sunbelt” amenities and growth. And so, this country believes that a community could be able to handle tourists with a cultural heritage set up by having three important components. First, creating a list of developed cultural heritage sites as well as possible sites, attractions and resources to be developed; Second, the cooperation and eagerness of the public and private sectors to work together to maximize the quality of the historic inventory, as well as the quality of services and amenities to be offered among the tourists; And lastly, the interest of a specific and profitable visitor market for the products and experiences to be offered. And for this matter, there is a need to identify whether the community has the capability to advance or to continue with the products that line up according to the demands of the marketplace. Essentially, the cultural capital for the economy of cities has increased in terms of recognition and the methods in which culture brings extensive benefits, especially raising the image of places. The loss of place identity is often a by-product of narrow minded planning. Planners need to find innovative ways that could allow connecting place, community development and economic competitiveness. Cultural planning is one such tool that is culturally sensitive approach to community development.
12
Cultural Heritage Mapping Heritage has become rapidly a crucial planning and economic development tool. Cultural planning considers the different perspectives and viewpoints of people. This suggests an understanding of the local cultural ecology and resources. It is about recognizing the well defined urban and cultural DNA of the place, handling cultural resources and integrating them to local needs and contexts (Alzarooni, 2011). Cultural mapping focuses on describing the community's assets and resources and their relationships which can be used to inform the stakeholders, develop plans and solve problematic issues (Cultural Mapping Toolkit, n.d). Cultural mapping is a featured new method to holistically understand, with the local knowledge of the people, the cultural assets of the place. As such, cultural mapping is a tool to identify documents accordingly and to be more familiar about local cultural assets. Moreover, benefits of cultural mapping enable creating awareness among the residents as well as visitors about cultural assets, enhancing networks and collaboration among cultural, community and business groups and establishing valid information to support cultural planning and to help generate the local creative economies. There are two kinds of cultural mapping. Cultural Asset Mapping. This involves classifying and recording tangible cultural resources such as art and cultural organizations, festivals, historical sites, museums.
13
Community Identity Mapping. This involves exploring intangible cultural resources – the unique stories and traditions that define the identity of a community and its sense of place. Cultural asset mapping as defined by Alzarooni (2011) is a tool for systematically identifying, managing, and visually presenting information on local cultural assets. First, it starts by stabilizing information which already exists in a constant manner. A set of categories of cultural assets is made use by research participants as a base in producing supplementary layers of local data. Local tourism agencies carry information on festivals and events; Municipalities retain the information on natural and cultural heritage assets as well as it include a collection of information of local arts and heritage groups and among others. These sources are all gathered and combined to create databases of the cultural assets in the community. The identified assets are located into a map. An essence of information is created when all of these resources are combined into the cultural assets in the community. Consequently, cultural mapping is conducted for knowing what and where the cultural heritage is. Once the cultural map is integrated, it is significant to know why and how such culture and cultural heritage should be possessed for tourism purposes. Cultural Heritage Mapping is the method of determining natural and cultural heritage resources of a specific site for conservation and development purposes (Commonwealth Department of Communication and the Arts, 1995). Cultural heritage mapping consists of the following objectives: First, distinguishing the difference between the heritage resources of a community and another community; second, apprehending carefully and establishing correct document of heritage resource for future reference;
14
third, creating inquisitiveness among users and non-users of heritage on heritage resources; last, producing essential heritage conservation charters, legislations, bills and guidelines. Cultural heritage mapping activity has a structure in the form of a matrix listing of heritage resources - natural, built, movable and intangible - against their essential and associative features to capture their meaning. Natural heritage resources include landscapes, mountains, lakes, forests, rivers, valleys and other geological formations. Upon identifying, such resources are documented based on name, other names, geological history, outstanding features, contents, settings, approach and statutory protections. Movable heritage resources include artworks, costumes, jewelry, documents, weaponry, machinery and other material with spatial transference. These resources are documented based on name, other names, owner, maker, dimensions, material, function, location. Intangible heritage resources include songs, prayers, myths, legends, language, dance, skills, and local technology. These resources are documented based on name, purpose, history, seasonality, process, documentation, materials used, music used, costumes used, language used and participants (Zerrudo, n.d). Moreover, heritage is defined to be something that is passed down from ancestors, predecessors or from earlier generations. In addition, there are two types of heritage namely the natural and man-made. Assets in heritage are categorized as built, tangible and intangible. For built, these are infrastructures and superstructures. Costumes, jewelries, foods, weapons, head dresses and many more belong to tangible. While for intangible, it includes customs, legends, literatures, poems, traditions, rituals and etc. Furthermore, the importance of heritage depends on the actual value and potential
15
characteristics of a particular thing that suggests its own benefits and usefulness (Philippine Ecotourism 101, 2015). Therefore, cultural mapping and heritage mapping is the same thing when it comes to determining the assets of a particular community. It is also supported by Goeldner & Ritchie (2012) that culture and heritage both share one concept.
Developing Cultural Heritage Mapping According to Denes (2013), SAC Anthropology Newsletter organized a forum called “Community Participation in Safeguarding Intangible Cultural Heritage”, wherein they invited locals to participate and share beliefs, stories and memories from the places within Phnom Rung Park and documented the intangible values using cultural mapping. The objective of SAC was to generate recommendations for local participation on management. Moreover, participatory in cultural mapping is essential for members of the community to reflect on histories, cultural practices, handicrafts, memories and traditional knowledge. Last 2014, The Wikimedia Philippines launched a project called “GLAM-Wiki” that documents cultural heritage sites all around the Philippines and expands and creates articles for Wikipedia. The project was a reaction to the lack of documentation about cultural assets from the Visayas Region that was severely damaged caused by disasters and calamities from the year 2013. The project’s importance is in preserving the Philippine’s built cultural heritage. Technology is a huge assistance to expedite and facilitate preservation by documenting contents cultural heritages with the help of the people.
16
The SMART Communications, Inc. (2014) empowered the project of Wikimedia Philippines. The event was also partnered by the National Historical Commission of the Philippines. Fifty volunteers from all over the Philippines were selected to attend the three-day workshop. Each participant should map 50 heritage sites from his/her location for 355 days following the workshop. Articles created may be accessed through Wikipedia, Wikimedia's online crowdsourced encyclopedia and in a mobile application called SMART PowerApp. The SMART Communications, Inc. is partnering the government and the local communities for implementation and supports the advocacy of Wikimedia Philippines for digital tourism and the use of internet and digital technologies for potential solutions in the fields of environment, disaster preparedness, livelihood, agriculture, health, and education for the benefits of the community.
Promotional Strategy One of the essential things in publicizing a particular service or product is through the use of promotion, in which case, it attracts potential consumers or customers. Promotion is the combination of product plus price plus place. In order to create a good promotion for the product, all must be presented clearly for the consumer or buyers to view it as a whole. It is also a way to show the availability of the product to potential customers. One of the best ways to promote a product is advertisement through the use of media; this may be able to influence and increase sales. Contests are also helpful by putting the company’s trademark or logo out for public eyes rather than to avail hardselling campaign (e.g. sponsoring contests). Giveaways are also effective in promotion. It
17
is a way of enticing markets to buy in or see the product itself. Customer Referral Incentive Program or CRIP encourages existing customers to refer potential consumers to take a look at the offered product while giving out perks or incentives to them. With Causes and Charity, the consideration of customers to buy a particular product or service is dependent to the thought that the produce or themselves can contribute to help a cause and making them to be socially conscious. A good way to this strategy is to allot a certain percentage form the profit and donate it as a commitment (Hose, 2015). Cultural heritage mapping has been utilized in some places in the Philippines. The following article supports the implementation of cultural heritage mapping in the provinces of Quezon and Iloilo. Schadow1 Expeditions was invited by Openstreetmap Philippines to join its collaboration with Wikimedia Philippines to map the cultural heritage sites in Sariaya and Tayabas Quezon. The mission is to go for an expedition to capture pictures of the places and as well as to experience it. The group Schadow1 Expeditions is not part of the Wikimedia’s itinerary; however, they continued the research with an objective of ensuring that the future generations would be able to acquire information online about the place when time comes the society favors overdevelopment over culture as shown in Figure 1 (Malicdem, 2014).
18
Figure 1. Cultural Heritage Map of Sariaya and Tayabas, Quezon
The University of the Philippines Visayas (2015) has partnered with Google to showcase heritages sites in Iloilo with an objective to “preserve and promote culture online.” The project for Iloilo heritage mapping has the collection of some featured cultural sites such as Miagao Church, Jaro Cathedral, Molo Church, the first City Hall, the River Esplanade, and the Baluarte Elementary School (the first public elementary school in the country) is shown on Figure 2.
19
Figure 2. A Sample Cultural Heritage Mapping of Iloilo by Google
The Philippine Heritage Map (also known as the Philippine Inventory of Cultural Properties and Historic Events) is a source maintained by local stakeholders, including government units and heritage experts as well as volunteers. The project is towards the preservation of Philippine cultural heritage with proper research and documentation with capacity building. The collaboration aims for empowerment in relation to the protection of Filipino cultures and history. With the ever-changing technological advancement of the generation, it can potentially support the preservation of resources with appropriate documentation and by incorporating gathered data through web for records. The Philippine Heritage Map is powered by Arches, an innovative and powerful web platform that has international
20
standards for building an inventory of immovable cultural heritage resources. The Getty Conservation Institute and World Monuments Fund led the development of Arches. A sample of cultural heritage map from the Philippine Heritage Map is shown on Figure 3.
Figure 3. A Sample of Cultural Heritage Map from Philippine Heritage Map
21
Methodology
Research Method and Procedure The study utilized Qualitative method wherein the focus was on providing a complete and detailed description about the research topic. Qualitative method grasped the whole topic by exploring the totality of situation. With the use of qualitative method, the study was able to identify valuable assets and interpretations of the stakeholders. Data for qualitative research were subjected to the perception of the people within its environment and were the primary source of facts for data collection.
Research Design Descriptive and Exploratory research was used to conduct the study in order to achieve the best result to solve the problem. Exploratory actions were necessary for the succession of the study while on condition that additional information was provided to the topic. Also, it was where the study had already the ideas and observations and work to discover more about it. It was an initial groundwork that will help future researches. Exploratory researches were often followed by a descriptive method. Descriptive researches tried to explore the situations at the same time provided additional information to the subject. Likewise, it described and explained perceptions of the subject involved in the particular study and tried to expound the details happening in thorough detail.
22
In addition, the study was able to balance the perceptions and their actual importance, opened for feedbacks and accepted critiques pertaining to the developments were reported completely.
Respondents of the Study The respondents of the study were the local residents and local government officials of Pangil, Laguna. The study gathered information from 13 people of ages 30 years and above and living Pangil, Laguna. In addition, the study gathered data in the capital of Laguna which is Santa Cruz, where the Provincial Government of Laguna (PGL) is located. Through the Laguna Tourism, Culture, Arts and Trade Office (LTCATO) the researchers are able to furthermore compare the gathered data from the residents and government.
Data Gathering Instrumentation The questions for the interview guides were based on the framework of Alzarooni on Cultural Mapping Design-A Research Project (2011). An interview questionnaire was used in the individual interview to obtain accurate and relevant information from the local government members, and indigenous people in the municipality of Pangil, Laguna. This approach offered many valuable inputs since the participants’ body languages were also observed. All data were gathered and analyzed to come up with the findings and conclusion and developed recommendation for developing tourism product of Pangil, Laguna towards promoting ecotourism.
23
Data Gathering Procedure The individual interviews were conducted through purposive sampling as the study utilized the qualitative method of research. The respondents were interviewed with the use of semi-structured questionnaires. The researchers went to Pangil, Laguna on 22nd and 31st of October 2015 to gather data form the local residents and the government. On the 11th and 12th of November, the researchers went to Santa Cruz, Laguna to validate the data collected Pangil. The questions used from the interview were translated into the vernacular language for better understanding and for ease and comfort among the respondents. Simultaneously, these interviews were documented with a recorder and served as a back up source of information and were kept confidential.
Sources of Data The data collected in the study were primary and secondary data which included conducting individual interviews to the respondents, and through researcher observation. Data from the indigenous people and local government officials of Pangil, Laguna; and Santa Cruz, Laguna were collected as base factors where professed concepts and knowledge about the community were compared and supported the significance of the study.
Data Treatment The data gathered were analyzed for the study. In the study, which used the qualitative research method, the data gathered was categorized into to two groups: the tangible and intangible assets, as an essential item for the map. The gathered tangible
24
assets are foods, attractions, festivals, and products while for the intangible assets of Pangil, Laguna there are legends, beliefs, religion, attitudes and values.
Sampling Technique An interview with the indigenous people of Pangil, Laguna was needed to determine its tangible and intangible assets for ecotourism development. The study utilized purposive sampling as its sampling technique. According to Kyngäs et al. (2011), purposive sampling is the most commonly used method and the most appropriate for conducting qualitative studies; there was more interest in gathering data from the people who possessed the best knowledge regarding the study. Likewise, determining who or what was sampled, in what form was the sampling take, and considering the number of people and sites needed to be sampled (Creswell, 2013). The criteria for utilizing purposive sampling as the sampling technique for the study were the following: (a) must be born and raised as a native resident of Pangil, Laguna; (b) must be of ages 30 and above; (c) must be knowledgeable about the cultural heritage assets in Pangil, Laguna; (d) must have experienced the local culture including the tangible and intangible assets in Pangil, Laguna.
25
Results and Discussion
The researchers conducted a study entitled “Cultural Heritage Mapping for Pangil, Laguna”. Primary and secondary data were collected through researchers’ observation and in-depth interview with the respondents. The respondents involved in the study include the indigenous people and the local government unit or LGU.
Results of the Interview Based on the information gathered, according to LGU and residents of Pangil Laguna; Tangible Assets Foods. The different foods which have been brought the ancestors up to this day are Sumang Binanban, Bukayo and Kakanin/Malagkit. Sumang Binanban is sticky rice buttered and wrapped with banana leaves or palm leaves slowly cooked by steaming. Bukayo is made from young gelatinous coconut by simmering with water and adding brown or white sugar that becomes a sweet dessert and is commonly used for garnishing. Kakanin are sweet native desserts such as Bibingka, Puto, Kalamay, Maja Blanca, Butsi, Carioca, Pitsi-Pitsi, Sapin-Sapin, Suman, Biko, Halayang-Ube, Kalamay-Kapit, Cassava Cake, Palitaw, Kutsinta and many more. Some of Kakanin foods have common ingredients such as: coconut, coconut milk, cassava, rice and root crop vegetable usually cooked
26
slowly. Kakanin are laborious to make. However, the taste of it will make the hard work pay off.
Attractions. The churches in Pangil are still accessible today. Pangil has Saint Mark the Evangelist Parish and the Our Lady's Nativity Parish. The famous church of Nuestra Señora de la Natividad Parish also known as the Our Lady's Nativity Parish. The church is well-known for the figure of a pregnant Virgin Mary which is locally known as “Virgen de la O” and said to be a gift from King Carlos III (King Charles III) of Spain. Back then, as Prince Charles, son of King Philip V of Spain was banished and sent to the Philippines, he stayed in Pangil, Laguna. The residents of Pangil warmly accepted him in the community and taught him how to hunt wild animals such as a wild boar. Years passed and King Philip V lifted the punishment and took him again to Spain for he will inherit the throne. As a thanksgiving to the residents of Pangil, he sent the statue of Nuestra Señora de la O (Our Lady of the O) and the statue of Santo Niño de la O (Holy Child of the O) as a token of gratitude and appreciation for their kindness. The figure of the Mary is said to have three original copies; one is gift from King Charles III for Pangil. The other two are located in Spain. The residents of Pangil refer the other two figures as the “sisters” of the one they have. In addition to Our Lady's Nativity Parish, it is said that the church is huge with large numbers of holy figures inside; and today the parish was halved due to war and earthquakes. Also, the people said that it has been reconstructed a lot of
27
times. The church was originally built with bamboos, large durable wood, adobe rocks, marbles and “tisa” (chalk; roof tile). The church also has an underground tunnel and said to be a hideout for the residents during war. Some stated that it was also inspected in search of a huge “Golden Bell” and other treasures. Based on the interviews, the Panguil River Eco Park is the major contributor to their tourism industry and provides economic benefits to the town of Pangil. The Eco Park offers variety of activities and amenities such as water tubing, camping area, swimming pool, trekking and many more. The place is also accommodating leadership training, seminars and special events like wedding and birthday parties. Apparently, some sites are hidden and most likely only the locals have knowledge and have explored the area. The respondents cited the sites which are still underdeveloped and have good potentials if given opportunity and attention. These include The Seven Falls, Hidden Falls, Balera Falls and Buntot Palos Falls are mentioned for the possible attractions in Pangil.
Festivals. They celebrate the birth of the Virgin Mary every September 8 and the Bandana Festival every December 18. The townspeople said that in order to visit the statue of Nuestra Señora de la O, one must register and book his/her visitation months or even years before touching the figure because a lot of people is in line for reservation to meet the “miraculous” Our Lady of Nativity. According to the interviews, the Bandana Festival is a new festival of Pangil. They celebrate Bandana Festival in honor of the Santo Niño de la O given
28
by King Charles III. The town gathers every December 18 and all the Barangays (village) participates; bringing their village’s delicacies. One of the activities during the festival is that each Barangay collects cut bamboo trees and coconut leaves in order to make the most beautiful and traditional house of indigenous people of the Philippines called “Bahay Kubo” (Nipa Hut) and storing all the foods inside Bahay Kubo and to be judged by the townspeople. The people of Pangil wear bandanas during the festivals. Some people said that bandana is a social status in which case, one should wear it to look rich and respected. The others said that it was used back then by tying it on the nape of the mother to support carrying the baby, while the others wave it during the festival hoping that their wishes of becoming a mother will be granted by the Holy Figure. Few stated that they believe on their ancestors of requiring children and expected mothers to wear bandana on the head because of the “hamog” (fog) which can cause them illness.
Products. Pangil is proud for their creative craftsmen. Crafts are the famous products of Pangil. Balasi Crafts are the major exporter and importer of crafts in Pangil that sells house ornament. Residents are said to be good on making quality baskets, swings, furniture and ornaments made from palms and coconuts.
29
Intangible Assets Legends. The history behind the name of Pangil was derived from different theories. The first theory of Pangil is from the story of the baboy-ramo or wild boar that was originally hunted by the indigenous people of Pangil. It was believed that a wild boar was brought and carried back then at the town of Pangil. The fang or pangil of the wild boar fell at the town of Pangil and that became its name from then on. A second theory is about the first Pre-Spanish leader of the place named “Gat. Paguil” with whom the Spanish recognized as the leader of the community.
Beliefs. The residents of Pangil have these beliefs about supernatural beings that thrive within the nature. The typical stories of the so called “lamanlupa” which are classified to different types such as “tikbalang”, “duwende”, “engkanto” and more are so common in the town of Pangil. Pangil River Eco Park is said to have supernatural beings. Some residents claim that they have encountered such beings; and has pictures as well as it was caught on tape that has proven it as evidences. Some of the locals have witnessed the researchers and campers from different places being troubled by the said beings and were cured by performing a specific ritual.
Religion. Most of the residents in Pangil are Roman Catholic based from the colonization during the Spanish era.
30
Attitude. The local residents of Pangil, Laguna possessed the following positive traits: hardworking, shy, creative, religious, detail-oriented, fictitious, friendly, and follow their inherited practices.
Values. The residents of Pangil have embraced the values of giving respect to the elders. It is passed on from generation to generation and it is instilled in their hearts to offer kindness and be hospitable to the visitors in their town.
Figure 4 is a sample map of Pangil Laguna illustrated with the gathered assets.
31
Cultural Heritage Map of Pangil, Laguna The region highlighted in red indicates the map of Pangil; while the different colored marks serve as legend for the location of the following. See guide below.
N
Barangays: Balian
Isla (Pob.)
San Jose (Pob.)
Dambo
Mabato-Azufre
Sulib (Pob.)
Galalan
Natividad (Pob.)
Attractions
Products
Food
Festivals
Panguil River Eco Park
Balasi Crafts
Sumang Binanban
Bandana Festival
Nuestra Señora de la Natividad Parish
Bukayo
Feast of the Virgin Mary
Buntot Palos Falls
Kakanin
Figure 4. Cultural Heritage Map of Pangil, Laguna
Conclusions
From the data gathered, Pangil has both tangible and intangible assets. The tangible assets include mouthwatering native foods, eye catching attractions, one of a kind festivals, and crafts for products. The intangible assets include the town has historical legends, peculiar beliefs, religion, attitudes and values. On the identification of tangible and intangible assets of the town from the data gathering process, the study concluded that Pangil, Laguna has the potential to become an ecotourism site.
32
Recommendations
Based on the results of the study, the researchers recommend further data mining of information from Pangil, Laguna for storing the data for future purposes.
The
information can be used to create a website for Pangil, Laguna as a promotional strategic approach to promote its culture and tourism. Social media has been a great contributor when it comes to gathering fast and reliable information. Moreover, it has been known that more and more people, especially the younger generation, have access and are knowledgeable about using the social media in this present generation. This will also act as a reference as well for promoting cultural tourism products which are proudly made in Pangil, Laguna. Aside from the mentioned above, the cultural assets – tangible and intangible – will be highly promoted and be distinguished as unique products found only in Pangil, Laguna. Likewise, the study could also serve as a reference in developing a tour guiding manual. The said manual will provide brief information as a basis in creating spiels and further the knowledge of the future users. Essentially, the development of tourism in Pangil will attract more tourists and visitors, even the local residents will be enticed as well. It is also highly commended to offer and acknowledge the local elderlies of Pangil. As what has been observed, the researchers have interacted with the elderlies and they have proven that they possess richer information regarding the cultural and historical background of Pangil, Laguna. Henceforth, the researchers would like to recommend the
33
elderlies of Pangil to be given the opportunities such as employment. The local residents could serve as tour guides and enthusiastically share the knowledge of the different sites and attractions; and also the activities and festivals held and celebrated in the municipality of Pangil, Laguna. Consequently, the employment offered for the elderlies should be guided and funded by the local government and the local tourism sector of Pangil as well. Seminars and workshops are greatly suggested for the local residents who will serve as tour guides in Pangil, Laguna. The study will provide information as a record to the local and provincial city in Laguna. Furthermore, the data gathered are for internal use only and serve as confidential business information that will provide Pangil a competitive edge in the tourism aspect in the country. For the future researchers, further study is needed to be conducted for an in-depth inquiry on the tangible and intangible assets of Pangil, Laguna. For promotional strategy, collaboration with the programs of Multimedia Arts and Computer Information Technology, using the data gathered to come up with more ideal and effective promotional materials should be produced for ecotourism development of Pangil, Laguna. In addition, it is recommended to the future researchers to conduct the same study or perhaps produce another related one regarding this study.
34
References
Alzarooni, (2011). Cultural Mapping Design-A Research Project. Retrieved from https://saadaqeelalzaroonimapping.wordpress.com/2011/04/12/design-charretteknowledge-visualization-through-participatory-mapping/&https://saadaqeel alzaroonimapping.wordpress.com/2011/04/22/217/ Benckendorff, P., & Lund-Durlacher, D. (2013). International Cases in
Sustainable
Travel & Tourism. Woodeaton, Oxford: Goodfellow Publishers Limited. Retrieved
from
http://www.goodfellowpublishers.com/free_files
/fileContents,%20copyright,%20about%20the%20contribut ors.pdf Commonwealth Department of Communication and the Arts (1995). Mapping culture: a guide for cultural and economic development in communities. Canberra Creswell J. W. (2013). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Csapó, J. (2012). The role and importance of cultural tourism in modern tourism industry. Strategies for Tourism Industry – Micro and Macro University of Pécs,
Institute of Geography, Hungary.
Perspectives.
Retrieved
from
http://cdn.intechopen.com/pdfs-wm/35715.pdf Cultural Mapping Toolkit. (2010). Vancouver: Creative City Network of Canada, and 2010
Legacies
Now.
Retrieved
from
database/files/library/cultural_mapping_toolkit.pdf
35
http://www.creativecity.ca/
Denes, A. (2014). Exploring cultural heritage rights at the prasat hin phanom rung historical park. Thailand.
13.
SAC Anthropology Newsletter: Culture and Rights in Bangkok,
Anthropology
Thailand:
Princess
Centre.
Maha
Chakri
Sirindhorn
Retrieved
from
http://www.sac.or.th/en/sites/default/files/newsletter-attach/march- 2013.pdf Ecotourism Philippines. (n.d). What is ecotourism? Ecotourism. Retrieved from http://www.ecotourismphilippines.net/ecotourism.html Go2 Tourism HR Society. (2015). What is tourism? – BC Industry. go2 HR. Vancouver,
BC
V7X
1M3.
Retrieved
from
https://www.go2hr.ca/bc-
tourism-industry/what-tourism Goeldner & Ritchie, (2012). Tourism Principles, Practices & Philosophies. 212. John Wiley & Sons. Hose, C. (2015). Top ten promotional strategies. Chron. Houston, Texas: Demand Media, Hearst Newspapers,
LLC.
Retrieved
from
http://smallbusiness.
chron.com/top-tenIrshad, H. (2010). Rural Tourism – An Overview. Alberta, CA: Government of Alberta,
Agriculture
and
Rural
Development.
Retrieved
from
http://www1.agric.gov.ab.ca/$Department/deptdocs.nsf/all/csi13476/$FIL E/Rural-Tourism.pdf Kyngäs H., Elo S., Pölkki T., Kääriäinen M., & Kanste O. (2011). Sisällönanalyysi suoma-
laisessa
hoitotieteellisessä
tutkimuksessa [The
use
of
analysis in Finnish nursing science research].Hoitotiede, 23(2), 138-148.
36
content
Loreto, J. M. (2011). Background of Pangil, Laguna [Web log post]. Retrieved
from
http://landmarksinpangillaguna.wordpress.com/an-introduction-to- pangil-laguna/ Malicdem, E. (2014). Sariaya and tayabas, our country’s heritage – a mapping and cultural
expedition.
Schadow1
Expeditions.
Retrieved
http://www.s1expeditions.com/2014/12/167-sariaya-heritage-
from
mapping.html
Montenegro, B. (2014). Iloilo’s cultural heritage showcased in google cultural institute.
GMA
News
Online.
Retrieved
from
http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/540673/scitech/science/iloilo-scultural-heritage-showcased-in-google-cultural-institute National Cultural Heritage Act of 2009. Republic Act No. 10066. § 1 et seq. (2009). Page & Connel. (2012). Tourism. (3rd Ed). 457 & 467. Cengage Learning Inc. Philippine Ecotourism 101. (2015). Diliman, Quezon City: Bluewater Consultancy. Philippine Heritage Map. (n.d). Pioneering filipino digital heritage.
Retrieved from
http://www.philippineheritagemap.org/index.htm Smart Communications Inc. (2014). Smart powers wikimedia’s philippine cultural heritage
mapping
project.
Retrieved
from
http://smart.com.ph/About/newsroom/press-releases/2014/05/19/smartpowers-wikimedia-s-philippine-cultural-heritage-mapping-project Tankersley, C. (2014). National cultural heritage act. Historic Preservation in the Philippines. Retrieved from http://preservelaw.com/2014/01/historicpreservation-philippines/ The International Ecotourism Society. (2015). What is ecotourism? Retrieved https://www.ecotourism.org/what-is-ecotourism
37
from
Tidon, T. (2015). About laguna. Laguna Travel Guide. Laguna, Philippines. Retrieved from http://www.lagunatravelguide.com/index.php?page=about-laguna United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO). (n.d). "Stakeholders in tourism
development"
Retrieved
from
according
to
UNWTO.
Safe
Coastal
Tourism.
http://www.safecoastaltourism.org/article/stakeholders-
tourism-development-according-unwto University of the Philippines Visayas – Center for West Visayan Studies. (2015). CWVS Collection.
Google
2015.
Retrieved
from
https://www.google.com/
culturalinstitute/collection/iloilo-heritage-mapping-project Wikimedia Philippines. (2015). Why relationships matter in community building: experiences from the philippine cultural heritage mapping project. Open Bridge.
Portland,
Oregon.
Retrieved
Source from
http://opensourcebridge.org/sessions/1654 Zerrudo, E. B. (n.d). The cultural mapping project of the heritage city of Vigan towards building a framework for heritage conservation and sustainable development. Retrieved
from
http://www.unesco.org/new/fileadmin/
MULTIMEDIA/HQ /CI/CI/ pdf/mow/mow_3rd_international_ conference_eric_babar_zerrudo_en.pdf
38
Appendices
Appendix A Government Questionnaire (Palatanungan)
1. What can the municipality of Pangil be proud of?
Values
Food
Legend
Attraction
Ano po ang mga maipagmamalaki ng munisipalidad ng Pangil?
Kaugalian
Pagkain
Alamat
Atraksyon
2. In what ways does culture contribute to the improvement of your community and in tourism? Sa anong paraan po nakakatulong ang kultura sa inyong komunidad pati na rin sa turismo?
3. In what ways do you show importance about the culture of Pangil? Sa paanong paraan niyo po napapahalagahan ang kultura sa Pangil? 39
4. Do you have any idea whether there are other potential sites here in Pangil that can contribute for cultural and heritage tourism? May mga ideya po ba kayo kung may iba pang lugar sa Pangil na maaaring makatulong sa turismong pangkultura sa bayang ito?
5. How do you promote Pangil’s potential for cultural tourism? Sa paanong paraan ninyo maitataguyod ang potensyal ng Pangil tungo sa pangkulturang turismo?
40
Appendix B Local Questionnaire (Palatanungan):
1. What can the municipality of Pangil be proud of?
Values
Food
Legend
Attraction
Ano po ang mga maipagmamalaki ng munisipalidad ng Pangil?
Kaugalian
Pagkain
Alamat
Atraksyon
2. In what ways does culture contribute to the improvement of your community and in tourism? Sa anong paraan po nakakatulong ang kultura sa inyong komunidad pati na rin sa turismo?
3. In what ways do you show importance about the culture of Pangil? Sa paanong paraan niyo po napapahalagahan ang kultura sa Pangil?
41
4. How do you show your culture and tradition? Sa paanong paraan po ninyo naipapakita ang inyong kultura at tradisyon?
5. Do you have any idea whether there are other potential sites here in Pangil that can contribute for cultural and heritage tourism? May mga ideya po ba kayo kung may iba pang lugar sa Pangil na maaaring makatulong sa turismong pangkultura sa bayang ito?
6. Do you know certain things that a lot of people don’t have knowledge from the past? May mga kaalaman po ba kayo sa mga bagay-bagay na hindi alam ng nakararami sa nakaraan ng pangil?
7. How will you incorporate the knowledge to the present generation about the importance of culture in Pangil? Paano po ninyo maibabahagi sa mga bagong henerasyon ang imortansya ng kultura sa bayan ng Pangil?
42
