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[email protected] Test Bank Abnormal Psychology An Integrative Approach 4th Canadian Edition Cha!ter "# A$normal Beha%iour in &istorical Contet
M'(T)*(E C&O)CE
1. When using the psychological psychological disorder criteria, when would an individual be assessed as having a cognitive dysfunction d ysfunction?? a. when his his or her though thoughtt processes processes are are totally totally out out of touch touch with with reality reality b. when he or she is etremely distressed c. when his or her behaviour behaviour violates violates social social norms d. when he or she avoid avoidss interact interactions ions with other other people people A!": A
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. /eorge, a male male college student, student, began feeling sad and lonely. lonely. Although he is still able to go to to classes and wor0 at his ob, /eorge finds himself feeling down much of the time and he worries about what is happening to him. Which part of the definition of abnormality applies to his situation? a. pers person onal al dist distre ress ss b. lac0 of social support support c. impa impair ired ed func functi tion onin ing g d. violat violation ion of societ societal al norms norms A!": A
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(. 'ran0 drin0s three bottles bottles of wine wine each day and believes he would be fine if people would ust ust 2mind their own business.3 Which criterion for abnormality is absent from this scenario? a. obe obect ctiv ivee har harm m to to oth other erss b. personal distress c. mala malada dapt ptiv iven enes esss d. 4ual 4ualit itat ativ ivee uni4 uni4ue uene ness ss
A!": )
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5. #opular musician musician *ady /aga has performed performed with blood spurting spurting out of her clothes. clothes. Why might having having blood spurt from her clothes clothes be considered abnormal? abnormal? a. because because her behavi behaviour our demonstr demonstrates ates a sense sense of of subectiv subectivee discomfor discomfortt b. because she has an inability inability to distinguish distinguish right from wrong c. because because it is is a deviati deviation on from the what what is typical typical in her her society society d. because because she she shows shows an inability inability to functi function on effect effectively ively A!": C
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6. 7n most Western Western societies, what happens when a person enters a trance state and believes he he or she is possessed? a. $he person person is believ believed ed to be suffer suffering ing from from a psychotic psychotic disor disorder der.. b. $he person is diagnosed diagnosed with a dissociative dissociative disorder c. $he person person may be viewed viewed as having a psycholo psychological gical disord disorder, er, dependi depending ng on their their cultural cultural bac0ground. d. $he perso person n can be cured cured with with antip antipsych sychotic otic medicatio medication. n. A!": C
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8. %on has ust been diagnosed with schi9ophrenia and hospitali9ed. What would $homas "9as9 most li0ely argue? a. %on should not be hospitali9ed because doing so will only ma0e his symptoms worse. b. %ons behaviour does not represent an illness li0e diabetes, and 2schi9ophrenia3 is merely a label applied on the basis of highly subective udgments. c. %ons schi9ophrenia is a serious illness that is best treated with a combination of drugs and family therapy. d. %on should be assessed further because mista0es in diagnosis are made fre4uently. A!": )
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;. What is psychopathology? a. the medications used to treat some psychological disorders b. the criteria used to define psychological disorders c. the psychological therapies used to treat psychological disorders d. the scientific study of psychological disorders A!": <
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=. Who can call themselves a psychotherapist? a. clinical psychologists and psychiatrists only b. people who provide therapy but who do not hold medical degrees c. people who followed in the traditions of "igmund 'reud d. anyone who is trained to treat psychopathological disorders A!": <
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>. After graduation, two of your friends epress an interest in psychology careers. Carl wants to wor0 with relatively healthy individuals who are eperiencing adustment or vocational difficulties. Anna wishes to focus on the more severe psychological disorders and conduct research into their causes. )ecause you are studying abnormal psychology, they as0 you for career advice. What do you tell them? a. Carl should study psychology at the graduate level, and Anna should apply to medical school. b. Carl should study clinical psychology at the graduate level, and Anna should study counselling psychology at the graduate level. c. )oth of them should apply to medical school. d. Anna should study clinical psychology at the graduate level, and Carl should study counselling psychology at the graduate level. A!": <
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1. Which of the following is a criteria for a scientistpractitioner? a. $hey must hold an +.<. b. $hey must conduct research. c. $hey must be psychologists. d. $hey must wor0 testing the efficacy of various drug treatments. A!": )
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11. *ouie was bar0ing li0e a dog and wal0ing on his hands and 0nees. A professional thought the cause of *ouies problem was an ecess of a particular neurotransmitter, and prescribed a drug to treat him. What 0ind of professional was this most li0ely? a. a clinical psychologist b. a psychiatric nurse c. a psychiatric social wor0er d. a psychiatrist A!": <
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1. What is the relationship between a presenting problem and a clinical description ? a. -btaining the patients clinical description is the first step in determining what the patients presenting problem is. b.
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1(. "tatistical data are relevant to researchers. 'or eample, one maor epidemiological study found that about ;.= percent of people in !orth America have had a mood disorder at some point in their lives and (.; percent have eperienced a mood disorder over the past year. What do the ;.= percent and (.; percent statistics refer to, respectively? a. incidence prevalence b. incidence recurrence c. proportion prevalence d. prevalence incidence A!": <
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15. #sychological disorders can be described as following a typical course or individual pattern.
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16. 7f a psychological disorder is said to have an acute onset, how did the symptoms develop? a. atypically b. suddenly c. gradually d. sporadically A!": )
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18. When yearold *arry was first identified as suffering from schi9ophrenia, his family wanted to 0now how the disorder would progress and how it would affect him in the future. 7n medical terms, what did the family want to 0now?
a. b. c. d.
*arrys psychosocial profile *arrys pathology *arrys diagnosis *arrys prognosis
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1;. Why is a patients age important information in the clinical description? a. because young children do not eperience true psychological disorders b. because older adults are reluctant to report psychological symptoms c. because children are not reliable sources of information about symptoms d. because disorders occurring in childhood may be epressed differently at older ages A!": <
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1=.
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1>. Which of the following 1=th century terms for psychiatric conditions is related to a pseudoscientific eplanation for mental illness? a. lunatic b. mental defective c. maniac d. idiot A!": A
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. Which of the following is a science? a. astronomy b. parapsychology c. graphology d. astrology A!": <
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1. Alonso believes that edwigs behaviour disturbance is due to an ecess of blac0 bile. Whose ideas about psychiatry does Alonsos belief best align with? a. )lueler b. Aristotle c. !ewton d. /alen A!": <
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. Bou comment to your roommate that you are feeling despondent and lethargic. Bour friend is in +edieval "tudies and says 2Well thats probably because youve been committing a deadly sin.3 Which sin is she referring to? a. gluttony b. lust
c. sloth d. greed A!": C
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(. 7n the 15th and 16th centuries, which of the following was a competing eplanation of the supernatural view of mental illness? a. An unhealthy lifestyle contributed to mental illness, but the effects were curable. b. ead inuries were often the cause of abnormal behaviour and such damage was incurable. c. 7nsanity was a natural phenomenon caused by stress, and it was curable. d. 7nsanity was genetic and incurable. A!": C
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5. 7n the 15th century, why did the physician treating 'rances ing Charles D7 have him moved to the countryside? a. to cure him of hysteria b. to restore the balance in his humors c. to 0eep him away from his family d. to 0eep him away from sin and temptation A!": )
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6. According to the ancient /ree0 physician ippocrates, which of the following factors could negatively influence psychological functioning? a. family stress b. birth order c. religion d. supernatural forces A!": A
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8. Who was the first theorist to argue that genetics were related to abnormal functioning? a. ippocrates b. /alen c. 'reud d. /rey A!": A
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;. Bou are listening to old musical tunes, including 2+elancholy )aby.3 Bour friends are impressed when you tell them that 2melancholic,3 referring to a depressive personality, derives from the /ree0 term melancholer . What does this term mean? a. yellow bile b. phlegm c. blood d. blac0 bile A!": <
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=. According to ippocrates humoral theory, which of the following best characteri9es the choleric personality? a. hot tempered b. 0ind c. lac0ing affect
d. easygoing A!": A
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>. )ased on ippocrates humoral theory, what type of person does the term 2sanguine3 describe? a. humorous b. pessimistic c. pale d. cheerful A!": <
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(. )loodletting, often through the use of leeches, was a treatment devised centuries ago. What was this treatment used for? a. to reduce ecessive blood in the brain b. to correct a chemical imbalance in the brain c. to reduce the negative effects of stress d. to restore the balance of humors A!": <
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(1. "uppose you 0now someone lived sometime between 11 A< and 1> A< but you dont 0now the eact years and you had to place a bet on which treatment for a psychological disorder they were most li0ely to have had. Which treatment would you bet on? a. induced sei9ures b. bloodletting c. drilling through the s0ull d. eorcism A!": )
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(. 7nduced vomiting was a 1;thcentury treatment for depression. As described in Anatomy of Melancholy E181F, this could be accomplished by eating what? a. tobacco b. ice c. raw meat d. onions A!": A
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((. $he concept of hysteria traditionally meant physical symptoms for which no organic pathology could be found. Which of the following terms is now used to refer to this concept? a. neurosis b. aniety disorders c. delusions d. somato symptom disorders A!": <
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(5. Why are hysterical disorders no longer considered to be caused by a 2wandering3 uterus? a. because men also suffer from hysterical disorders b. because of greater 0nowledge of physiology c. because the theory is considered insulting to women d. because when the uterus is removed, symptoms tend to remain
A!": )
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(6. 7n ancient /reece, a woman suffering from hysteria might be told that her condition could be cured by which of the following? a. induced sei9ures b. bloodletting c. marriage d. rest and relaation A!": C
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(8. William lived in the 1>th century and had the cognitive disorder 0nown as 2general paresis.3 )ased on this information, what other disease do you 0now William suffered from? a. epilepsy b. hysteria c. malaria d. syphilis A!": <
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(;. Hohn /rey was an important figure in 1>thcentury psychiatry in the Inited "tates. What did he believe was always the cause of mental illness? a. physical causes b. socialJenvironmental influences c. psychological factors d. un0nown influences A!": A
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(=. Bou are a psychiatrist in the 1>(s who has decided to begin treating your patients diagnosed with schi9ophrenia with a new treatment 0nown as 2electroconvulsive therapy3 instead of the traditional 2insulin shoc0 therapy.3 What is the most li0ely reason for this decision? a. Bou believe that insulin therapy is too epensive. b. Bou believe that insulin therapy is too ris0y. c. Bou believe that insulin therapy is not effective. d. Bou believe that insulin therapy is unethical. A!": )
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a. b. c. d.
(>. Why was electroconvulsive therapy originally used as a therapy for schi9ophrenia? because it was Emista0enlyF observed that schi9ophrenia was rarely found in people with epilepsy because it was Emista0enlyF observed that it could reduce brain sei9ures, providing a cure because it was Emista0enlyF observed to induce convulsions and stimulated appetite in psychotic patients because it was Emista0enlyF observed to alleviate the depression that often accompanies schi9ophrenia
A!": A
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5. 7n the middle of the th century, which of the following were some of the first effective drugs for psychological disorders? a. ben9odia9epines to treat depression b. bromides and opium for sedation c. insulin and neuroleptics for sedation d. neuroleptics for psychotic symptoms A!": <
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51. 7n many parts of the world during the 1>;s, what would an individual suffering from an aniety disorder most li0ely have been prescribed? a. bromides b. neuroleptics c. ben9odia9epines d. electroconvulsive therapy A!": C
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5. $he discovery of certain tran4uili9ers made it possible to control psychotic symptoms, including hallucinations and delusions. What 0ind of drugs were these tran4uili9ers? a. neuroleptics b. bromides c. ben9odia9epines d. opiates A!": A
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5(. 7n the late 1=s, there was an emphasis on biological causes of mental disorders, which ironically reduced interest in treatments for mental patients. Why did this happen? a. because it was thought that hospital staff were not ade4uately trained to administer new treatments b. because it was thought that patients would improve more rapidly if they were not hospitali9ed c. because it was thought that mental illness due to brain pathology was incurable d. because it was thought that physicians should devote more time to the physically ill A!": C
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55. Why was &mil raeplins lasting contribution to modern psychiatry in the area of diagnosis and classification of psychological disorders, rather than that of treatment? a. because of his discomfort with actually wor0ing with patients b. because of his conviction that better diagnosis was necessary for more effective treatment c. because of his belief that these disorders were due to brain pathology d. because of his belief in the influence of the social environment in mental illness A!": C
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56. 'or much of our recorded history, deviant behaviour was considered a reflection of the battle between which of the following? a. the natural and the supernatural b. good and evil c. the brain and the body d. the soul and the mind A!": )
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58. 7n the psychosocial approach called 2moral therapy,3 what does the term 2moral3 mean? a. emotional b. ethical c. religious d. story A!": A
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5;. Whose wor0 lead to a decline in moral therapy? a. /rey b.
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5=. Which of the following was common in asylums in the mid1=th century? a. physical restraints and seclusion b. individual attention from the hospital staff c. lectures on interesting subects for hospitali9ed patients d. opportunities for normal social interaction A!": A
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5>. When did moral therapy wor0 best? a. when it was used with groups of patients, rather than through individual attention to patients b. when the number of patients in an institution was or fewer c. when it was used in populations of immigrants and the poor d. when it was supplemented by the use of restraint and seclusion A!": )
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a. b. c. d.
6. What movement did
A!": A
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61. What is the most notable contribution of Clarence inc0es? a. e argued that mental illness is treatable with a combination of drugs and individuali9ed attention. b. e argued that mental illness was incurable but more humane institutions were needed to care for the mentally ill. c. e argued that mental illness was caused by brain pathology and, therefore, was incurable and that therapy should consist of learning to cope with symptoms. d. e argued that mental illness was treatable, which was contrary to the prevailing view at the time. A!": <
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6. Anton +esmer, an early 1=thcentury physician, purported to cure patients by unbloc0ing the flow of a bodily fluid he called 2animal magnetism.3 )enamin 'ran0lins doubleblind eperiment indicated that any effectiveness of +esmers methods was actually due to which of the following? a. undetectable magnetic fields b. chemically induced humoral balance c. the power of suggestion d. mental telepathy A!": C
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6(. What did Hean Charcot find when he used a variation of +esmers? a. $hese methods were effective in treating a number of psychological disorders. b. $hese methods were no more effective than previous methods he had used. c. #atients were better able to understand the lin0 between their emotional problems and their psychological disorder. d. $he symptoms of some patients actually worsened. A!": A
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65. %eali9ing patients are often unaware of material previously recalled under hypnosis, Charcot, )reuer, and 'reud hypothesi9ed the eistence of a concept considered one of the most important developments in the history of psychopathology. What was that concept? a. psychosis b. the unconscious mind c. catharsis d. repression A!": )
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a. b. c. d.
66. What did 'reud and )reuer discover about the process 0nown as 2catharsis3? $hey discovered that it reduces psychotic symptoms such as hallucinations and delusions. $hey discovered that it occurs beyond the conscious awareness of the patient. $hey discovered that it leads to a fuller understanding of the relationship between current emotions and earlier events. $hey discovered that the power of suggestion subconsciously changed behaviour.
A!": C
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68. 7n 1=>6, how did neurologist Hosef )reuer treat Anna -.s hysterical symptoms? a. using mesmerism b. using hydrotherapy c. using the placebo effect d. using hypnosis A!": <
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6;. Which of the following is !-$ included as part of 'reuds structure of the mind? a. psyche b. superego c. ego d. id A!": A
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6=. 7n 'reudian theory, the terms 2libido3 and 2thanatos3 represent two basic but opposing drives. What are they? a. life and death b. pleasure and pain c. se and celibacy d. good and evil A!": A
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6>. Bou have ust read a newspaper article about a savage rape and murder. Bou wonder how anyone could commit such a horrible crime. $hen you recall from your study of 'reudian theory that anyone could be a 0iller or rapist if certain impulses are not well controlled. Which of the following best describes these impulses? a. intrapsychic forces b. a libidinous desire c. the drive of the id d. primitive forces A!": C
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8. $he ego operates according to one principle, and the id operates according to another principle. What are they, respectively? a. reality pleasure b. conscious unconscious c. pleasure aggression d. reality aggression A!": A
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81. According to psychoanalytic theory, what process did Heanie develop early in life to ensure that she could adapt to the demands of the real world while still finding ways to meeting her basic needs? a. her id b. her conscience c. her superego d. her ego A!": <
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8. According to psychoanalytic theory, the id operates according to the pleasure principle. What does that mean? a. 7t utili9es secondaryprocess thin0ing. b. 7t thin0s in an unemotional, logical, and rational manner. c. 7t is seual, aggressive, selfish, and envious. d. 7t adheres to social rules and regulations. A!": C
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8(. A classmate in your psychology course is worried about the selfish and sometimes dangerous drives of the id. Which of the following should you say to your classmate to address this fear? a. )ecause id impulses are usually part of conscious awareness, we can learn to control them. b. 7d fantasies never become part of conscious awareness, so we never act on them. c. &ach of us develops an ego to help us behave more realistically. d. $he selfish drives of the id are transformed to positive emotional epressions. A!": C
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85. According to psychoanalytic theory, what is the role of the ego? a. to counteract the aggressive and seual drives of the id b. to maimi9e pleasure and reduce tension c. to mediate conflict between the id and the superego d. to increase selfesteem and a strong sense of identity A!": C
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86. 7f you were as0ed to eplain 'reuds structure of the mind to a friend who was unfamiliar with psychology, you might use an organi9ational analogy in which the id would be the employee who comes to wor0 late and ta0es very long lunch hours and the ego would be the manager. Which of the following would be the superego? a. the company president b. a salesperson c. the building security guard d. a client A!": C
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88. According to psychoanalytic theory, what do the conflicts between the id and the superego often lead to? a. aniety b. anger c. violent behaviour d. depression A!": A
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8;. According to 'reudian theory, aniety is a signal for the ego to marshal its mechanisms of defence. $his is a function of which of the following? a. realitybased actions b. conscious efforts to maintain control c. unconscious protective processes d. primitive emotional responses A!": C
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8=. Which of the following is a characteristic of how defence mechanisms affect coping styles? a. $hey are dependent upon the age of the person and how they are used. b. $hey can be either adaptive or maladaptive. c. $hey are selfdefeating. d. $hey are adaptive. A!": )
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8>. $rent is in psychoanalysis and states to his therapist that he thin0s that his wife is considering having an affair with her cowor0er. *ater on in the session, $rent admits that he is tempted to start an affair with his own cowor0er. What defence mechanism was $rent displaying when he accused his wife of thin0ing about being unfaithful? a. sublimation b. proection c. displacement d. denial A!": )
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;. +rs. )abcoc0 received a very poor rating from her supervisor, who had been constantly critici9ing her in front of her cowor0ers. When she got home, her children ran up to greet her, all tal0ing at once. "he responded by yelling, 2*eave me aloneK Cant you see 7m tired?3 According to psychoanalytic theory, which defence mechanism does this situation illustrate? a. proection b. displacement c. repression d. rationali9ation A!": )
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;1. Hac0 and elly have been dating for si months. elly is not interested in continuing their relationship. "he calls Hac0 and informs him that although she cares about him, she must end their relationship. Hac0 laughs and says, 2'unny o0e.3 elly states, 2$his is not a o0e 7 am serious.3 Hac0 then says, 27ll pic0 you up in an hour for dinner.3 Which defence mechanism does this eample illustrate? a. displacement b. proection c. denial d. repression A!": C
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;. After receiving the results of four different sets of tests, +arys doctor tells her that she has cancer. +ary states, 2$his cant be true 7m going to get a second opinion.3 Which defence mechanism does this eample illustrate? a. displacement
b. denial c. proection d. repression A!": )
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;(. 7n which defence mechanism does an individual substitute behaviour, thoughts, or feelings that are the direct opposite of unacceptable ones? a. displacement b. repression c. rationali9ation d. reaction formation A!": <
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;5. Which of the following is an eample of a healthy defence mechanism? a. sublimation b. proection c. denial d. repression A!": A
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;6. A fouryearold girl suc0s her thumb, a teenager binges on food, and an adult woman bites her fingernails. According to the 'reudian theory of psychoseual development, what underlies all of these behaviours? a. repression of aggressive impulses b. a fiation at the oral stage of psychoseual development c. a trauma during the toilettraining phase d. denial of unacceptable feelings, thoughts, or wishes A!": )
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;8. $he -edipus comple is the psychoseual conflict occurring during the phallic stage of development in boys. ow is this comple characteri9ed? a. by love for the mother and feelings of anger and envy toward the father b. by a repressed need for oral gratification c. by a love for the father and feelings of repulsion toward the mother d. by a repressed need for genital selfstimulation A!": A
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;;. $he &lectra comple is the psychoseual conflict that occurs at the phallic stage of development in girls. ow is this comple characteri9ed? a. by latency lust b. by feelings of anger and envy toward the mother c. by castration aniety d. by a desire to replace the mother and possess the father A!": <
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;=. As compared to her father, "igmund 'reud, Anna 'reud E1=>6G1>=F focused her wor0 on the way our behaviour is influenced. Which of the following did she write? a. Id and the Mechanisms of Defense b. Our Neurosis and the Mechanisms of Defense
c. Our Self-actualization and the Mechanisms of Defense d. Ego and the Mechanisms of Defense A!": <
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;>. According to Anna 'reuds ego psychology, when does abnormal behaviour develop? a. when the ego does not develop normally due to psychoseual conflicts at the oral stage of development b. when the ego is deficient in regulating such functions as delaying and controlling impulses c. when there are social and psychological barriers to achieving selfactuali9ation d. when introected obects become an integrated part of the ego A!": )
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=. 7n contrast to 'reud, how did Hung and Adler view human nature? a. $hey believed that cognitive and personality factors shape human potential. b. $hey believed that humans are born with a strong drive toward selfactuali9ation. c. $hey believed that the ego is much stronger than 'reud postulated. d. $hey believed that humans are shaped through learning from their environment. A!": )
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=1. According to obect relations theory, what does the concept of 2introection3 refer to? a. a strong drive toward selfactuali9ation and self assessment b. the process of internali9ing the images, memories, or values of an important person in ones life c. the ability to adapt successfully to ones environment d. proecting ones own unacceptable feelings onto another individual or obect A!": )
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=. What was &ri0sons greatest contribution to psychoanalytical theori9ing? a. his idea that development occurs across the life span b. his idea that seual arousal and interest occur during the latency stage c. his idea that societal factors influence our behaviour d. his idea that intrapsychic conflicts are resolved in early childhood A!": A
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=(. 7n classical psychoanalysis, why is the process whereby the therapist interprets a patients dreams often difficult? a. because the patient may resist uncovering repressed material and deny the interpretation b. because patients often forget their dreams c. because the patient may relate to the therapist much as he or she did toward a parent figure d. because the therapist may wish not to upset the patient with a negative interpretation A!": A
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=5. 7n psychoanalytic psychotherapy, which of the following is most important for patients? a. to strive to reach their full potential b. to remain emotionally detached from the analyst c. to learn more adaptive coping mechanisms d. to describe the content of their dreams to the analyst A!": <
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=6. 7n classical psychoanalysis, what does the concept of 2transference3 refer to? a. the process whereby the patient falsely attributes his or her own unacceptable feelings or thoughts to the therapist b. the process whereby the therapist proects some of his or her own personal feelings onto the patient c. the process whereby the patient relates to the therapist as he or she would toward a parent figure d. the process whereby the patient directs potentially maladaptive impulses to socially acceptable behaviour A!": C
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=8. ow does psychodynamic psychotherapy differ from classical E'reudianF psychoanalysis? a. 7t emphasi9es the goal of personality reconstruction. b. 7t focuses more on social and interpersonal issues. c. 7t considers past eperiences important. d. 7t re4uires a longterm commitment on the part of the person being analy9ed. A!": )
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=;. ow do most mental health professionals view psychoanalysis as a treatment techni4ue? a. 7t has been proven effective. b. 7t has been subect to careful measurement criteria. c. 7t is basically unscientific. d. 7t is noted for consistency in analytic interpretation. A!": C
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==. Who is the concept of a 2hierarchy of needs3 most closely associated with? a. Carl %ogers b. Anna 'reud c. Abraham +aslow d. Carl Hung A!": C
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=>. According to Abraham +aslows hierarchy of needs, individuals will be unable to achieve high levels of selfactuali9ation and selfesteem unless which of the following has ta0en place? a. unless they have been raised with unconditional positive regard from primary caregivers b. unless they have first met more basic human re4uirements such as food, se, and friendship c. unless they have developed sufficient ego strength d. unless they have gratified their basic needs and satisfied their drive for physical pleasure through the five psychoseual stages of development A!": )
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>. Which of the following is !-$ associated with the humanistic theories of Carl %ogers? a. hierarchy of needs b. unconditional positive regard c. empathy d. clientcentred therapy A!": A
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>1. What do humanistic therapists regard as the most positive influence in facilitating human growth? a. therapist interpretations of the patients verbali9ations b. selfesteem c. ego development d. relationships Eincluding the therapeutic relationshipF A!": <
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>. ow does /estalt therapy differ from psychoanalytic therapy? a. 7n /estalt therapy, there is no delving into past eperiences. b. 7n /estalt therapy, the critical element is the therapists unconditional positive regard for the patient. c. 7n /estalt therapy, there is little emphasis on the here and now. d. 7n /estalt therapy, there is little or no training re4uired for therapists. A!": A
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>(. "arah underwent chemotherapy treatment for cancer. "he now reports eperiencing mild nausea when she drives by the hospital and severe nausea when she enters the hospital where her chemotherapy was administered. What phenomenon best eplains these reactions to stimuli she associates with her chemotherapy? a. reconditioning b. introspection c. operant conditioning d. stimulus generali9ation A!": <
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>5. A dog had been conditioned to salivate to the sound of a bell because of its association with the presentation of food. *ater, when eposed to the bell without food for a long period, the dog eventually stopped salivating to the sound of the bell. What is this phenomenon 0nown as? a. etinction b. response fading c. conditioned forgetting d. stimulus fading A!": A
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>6. Why is Watson and %ayners eperiment in which they induced a fear of white, furry obects in *ittle Albert famous? a. 7t was the first reallife demonstration of operant conditioning. b. 7t was the first recorded lawsuit made against the psychology profession for unethical behaviour. c. 7t was the first recorded eample of inducing fear of an obect in a laboratory setting. d. 7t proved the law of effect. A!": C
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>8. What does Wolpes techni4ue of systematic desensiti9ation involve? a. reinforcing successive approimations to a final behaviour or set of behaviours b. gradually introducing the feared obects or situations so that fear can be etinguished c. gradually reinforcing fearless behaviour and punishing fear responses d. reinforcing an incompatible response to a feared situation A!": )
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>;. Hason has been having a lot of difficulty because of his irrational fears. is doctor advises Hason to participate in an anietyreduction procedure based on the wor0 of Hoseph Wolpe. What is this procedure? a. aversive conditioning b. personcentred therapy c. systematic desensiti9ation d. mesmerism A!": C
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>=. Bou are in a mall when a young child begins to scream and shout because his parents will not buy him the latest toy. What would ).'. "0inner most li0ely say about the childs behaviour? a. 7t is an epression of repressed -edipal anger toward his father and it will diminish naturally as he gets older. b. 7t is a classically conditioned response to being in the mall. c. 7t would be most effectively altered over the long term by simply ignoring it. d. 7t would be most effectively altered over the long term by scolding him and positively reinforcing more appropriate behaviour. A!": <
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>>. Why are operant conditioning techni4ues being applied in Canadian hospital settings? a. to increase patients insight into their fears and wishes b. to reduce psychiatric patients undesirable behaviour and increase their desirable behaviour c. to reduce patients fear of surgery d. to increase nursing staffs empathy A!": )
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1. What are two recent developments that have contributed to a multidimensional, integrative approach to psychopathology? a. the introduction of highly speciali9ed drugs and more sophisticated training for mental health wor0ers b. increasingly sophisticated medical technology and the reali9ation that no one influence on behaviour ever occurs in isolation c. deinstitutionali9ation and the growth of humanistic therapies d. an increase in public mental health education and less reliance on drugs to control abnormal behaviour A!": )
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8. &plain the basic assumptions of psychoanalytic theory. %efer to concepts such as aniety, defence mechanisms, and psychoseual development. Ise specific eamples to illustrate these concepts. A!": "tudent responses will var y. #$": 1
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;. Compare and contrast the three traditional models of abnormal behaviour: supernatural, psychological, and biological. +ention 0ey aspects of the eplanations of abnormal behaviour and treatments of the mentally ill associated with each model. A!": "tudent responses will var y. #$": 1
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=. Compare and contrast classical psychoanalysis and psychodynamic psychotherapy. !ote the criticisms of classical psychoanalysis, and eplain why it is more of historical than of current interest. A!": "tudent responses will var y. #$": 1
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>. Compare the basic assumptions and techni4ues of behaviour therapy versus humanistic therapy. +ention significant figures who contributed to each approach and the 0ey concepts associated with those individuals. A!": "tudent responses will var y. #$": 1
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1. 7dentify and eplain the developments in the 1>>s that contributed to a multidimensional, integrative approach to psychopathology.
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