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Test Bank for Abnormal Psychology 8th Edition by Barlow Complete downloadable file at:
https://testbanku.eu/Test-Bank-for-Abnormal-Psychology-8th-Edition-by-Barlow
1. Accordingtotheauthorsofyourtextbook, thedefinitionofapsychological disorderisassociatedwith a. stress. b. impairedfunctioning impairedfunctioning.. c. culturallyexpectedresponses. d. psychoticsymptoms. ANSWER: ANSWER:
b
DIFFICULTY: DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: REFERENCES: UnderstandingPsychopathology LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.1a - Identify basic biological, psychological, and social components of behavioral explanations (e.g., inferences, observations, operational definitions, interpretation) OTHER:
TYPE:Factual
2. Apsychologicaldysfunctionrefersto a. abreakdown in cognitivefunctioning. b. abreakdown abreakdown in emotionalfun emotionalfunctioning. ctioning. c. abreakdown in behavioralfunctioning. d. anyof these. ANSWER: ANSWER:
d
DIFFICULTY: DIFFICULTY:
Moderate
REFERENCES: REFERENCES:
UnderstandingPsychopathology
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.1a-Identifybasicbiological,psychological,andsocialcomponents ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.1a-Identifybasicbiological,psychological,andsocialcomponents ofbehavioralexplanations(e.g., inferences,observations,operational definitions, interpretation) OTHER:
TYPE:Factual
NOTES:
NEW
3. Regardingthedefinitionofabnormality, itiscorrectto statethat a. itisdifficultto itisdifficultto define“n define“normal ormal”and“a ”and“a bnormal bnormal.” b. abnormalitydepend abnormalitydependssolelyon ssolelyon subjectivedistress. subjectivedistress. c. thedefinition isuniversalacrosscultures. d. thecriteriadifferdependingon whether theindividualhasapsychologicaldisorderorapsychological dysfunction. ANSWER: ANSWER:
a
DIFFICULTY: DIFFICULTY:
Easy
REFERENCES: REFERENCES:
UnderstandingPsychopathology
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.1a-Identifybasicbiological,psychological,andsocialcomponents ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.1a-Identifybasicbiological,psychological,andsocialcomponents ofbehavioralexplanations(e.g., inferences,observations,operational definitions, interpretation) OTHER:
TYPE:Conceptual
4. Thecriterionthataparticularbehaviorbeatypical ornotculturallyexpectedisinsufficientto defineabnormality because a. behavior thatoccurs infrequentlyisconsidered abnormalin everyculture. b. theatypicalbeh theatypicalbehaviorm aviormustalsocaus ustalsocauseharmor eharmor impairment impairment to beconsideredabnorm beconsideredabnormal. al. c. behaviorsvary verylittlefromone individualto anotherwithineachculture.
d. manypeoplebehave in ways thatdeviatefromtheaverage, butthisdoesn’ butthisdoesn ’tmean thattheyhaveadisorder. ANSWER: ANSWER:
d
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DIFFICULTY: DIFFICULTY: Difficult REFERENCES: REFERENCES: UnderstandingPsychopathology OTHER: OTHER:
TYPE:Conceptual
5. Amalecollegestudentbegins feelingsad and lonely.Althoughstill ableto go to classesandworkathisjob, hefinds himself feelingdown much of thetimeandworriesaboutwhatishappeningto him. Whichpartofthedefinition of abnormalityappliesto his situation? a. Personal distress b. Culturalfactors Culturalfactors c. Impairedfunctioning d. Violationofsocietalnorms ANSWER: ANSWER:
a
DIFFICULTY: DIFFICULTY:
Moderate
REFERENCES: REFERENCES:
UnderstandingPsychopathology
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.1a-Identifybasicbiological,psychological,andsocialcomponents ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.1a-Identifybasicbiological,psychological,andsocialcomponents ofbehavioralexplanations(e.g., inferences,observations,operational definitions, interpretation) OTHER:
TYPE:Applied
6. Mark has dyed his hair purple. Although his friends like the color, his older aunts have been giving him strange looks. Mark is applying for jobs and has not yet had any job offers. He suspects that potential employers are not taking him seriously because of his hair color. Which part of abnormality applies to Mark’s employment situation? situation? a. Personal Distress b. Cultural Factors c. Impaired Functioning d. Violation of Social Norms ANSWER: d DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: Understanding Psychopathology biological, psychological, and social components components of LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.1a-Identify basic biological, behavioral explanations (e.g., inferences, observations, operational definitions, interpretation) OTHER: TYPE: Applied
7. Talking loudly and smoking is more appropriate in an Egyptian movie theatre than an American one. This illustrates which norm? a. Personal Distress b. Cultural Factors c. Impaired Functioning d. Violation of Social Norms ANSWER: b DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: Understanding Psychopathology biological, psychological, and social components components of LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.1a-Identify basic biological, behavioral explanations (e.g., inferences, observations, operational definitions, interpretation) OTHER: TYPE: Applied
8. Which of the following is true:
a. b. c. d.
There is clear consensus on the definition of mental health disease. There is no clear consensus on the definition of disease but there is a clear definition of mental health disorder. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM) never changes its definitions. The DSM is based on prototypes or symptoms and examples of the phenomenon in question.
ANSWER: d DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: Understanding Psychopathology biological, psychological, and social components components of LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.1a-Identify basic biological, behavioral explanations (e.g., inferences, observations, operational definitions, interpretation) OTHER: TYPE: Applied
9. Whichof the following degreesisearnedbyapsychiatrist? a. Ph.D. b. Ed.D. c. M.D. d. Psy.D. ANSWER: ANSWER:
c
DIFFICULTY: DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: REFERENCES: UnderstandingPsychopathology LEARNING OBJECTIVES: OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.1a-Identifybasicbiological,psychological,andsocialcomponents ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.1a-Identifybasicbiological,psychological,andsocialcomponents ofbehavioralexplanations(e.g., inferences,observations,operational definitions, interpretation) OTHER:
TYPE:Factual
10. With which of the following terminal degrees can you practice therapy? a. Master’s degree in business administration b. Bachelor’s degree in psychology c. Ph.D. in psychology with additional licensing requirements d. Ph.D. in non-profit management ANSWER: c DIFFICULTY: Difficult REFERENCES: Understanding Psychopathology LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.1a - Identify basic biological, psychological, and social components of behavioral explanations (e.g., inferences, observations, operational definitions, interpretation) OTHER: TYPE: Factual
11. RockyStarrisamalerockerwho wears outlandishmakeupandwomen’ outlandishmakeupandwomen ’sclothingwhenperformingon stage.This behavior isconsidere isconsidered d a. moreabnormalthanthatofan accountantwho startstodo so becauserockstarsaresupposed tobevery masculine. b. lessabnormalthan thatofan accountant whostartstodo so becauseitisconsistentwith hisprofessional success. c. lessabnormalthan thatofan accountantwhostartstodo so becauseitsmorecommon to see arockstarin makeup. d. justasabno d. justasabnormalas rmalasthatofan thatofan accountan accountantwho twho startstodo startstodo so becauseab becauseabnormality normalityisdefined isdefined bytheindividual bytheindividual himself. himself.
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ANSWER: ANSWER:
b
DIFFICULTY: DIFFICULTY:
Moderate
REFERENCES: REFERENCES:
UnderstandingPsychopathology
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.1a-Identifybasicbiological,psychological,andsocialcomponents ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.1a-Identifybasicbiological,psychological,andsocialcomponents ofbehavioralexplanations(e.g., inferences,observations,operational definitions, interpretation) OTHER:
TYPE:Applied
12. Theprototypeofadisorderrefl Theprotot ypeofadisorderreflects ects a. itshistoryandprognosis itshistoryandprognosis
asdescribedin DSM-5.
b. itsbiologicalunde itsbiologicalunderpinnings rpinnings c. thecausesofpathology d. the“ the“typical” typical ” profileand profileand diagnosticcriter diagnosticcriteria ia ANSWER: ANSWER:
d
DIFFICULTY: DIFFICULTY:
Moderate
REFERENCES: REFERENCES:
UnderstandingPsychopathology
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.1a-Identifybasicbiological,psychological,andsocialcomponents ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.1a-Identifybasicbiological,psychological,andsocialcomponents ofbehavioralexplanations(e.g., inferences,observations,operational definitions, interpretation) OTHER:
TYPE:Conceptual
13. Thescientificstudyofpsychological disordersiscalled a. psychopathology. b. psychoanalysis. psychoanalysis. c. pseudoscience. d. parapsychology. ANSWER: ANSWER:
a
DIFFICULTY: DIFFICULTY:
Easy
REFERENCES: REFERENCES:
UnderstandingPsychopathology
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.1a-Identifybasicbiological,psychological,andsocialcomponents ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.1a-Identifybasicbiological,psychological,andsocialcomponents ofbehavioralexplanations(e.g., inferences,observations,operational definitions, interpretation) OTHER:
TYPE:Factual
14. Dr. Simons is studying learning behavior in rats. What is likely her main field of study? a. Behaviorism b. Oedipal theory c. Psychiatry d. Humanistic Psychology ANSWER: a DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: Understanding Psychopathology LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.1a - Identify basic biological, psychological, and social components of behavioral explanations (e.g., inferences, observations, oper ational definitions, interpretation) OTHER: TYPE: Conceptual
15. Why is the biological theoretical model considered a newer field of study than the psychological theoretical model? a. Brain scans can tell us about brain structure. b. The field of genetics is relatively young. c. We have more powerful microscopes than we have had in the past. d. All of the above are true. ANSWER: d DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: Understanding Psychopathology LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.1a - Identify basic biological, psychological, and social components of
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behavioral explanations (e.g., inferences, observations, operational definitions, interpretation) OTHER: TYPE: Conceptual
16. Dr.Smith isinterested in howseparationanxietychangesovertime fromchildhood to adolescencein the general population.What population.What ishismain ishismain fieldofstudy? fieldofstudy? a. Oedipaltheory b. Behaviorism Behaviorism c. Childpsychopathology d. Developmentalpsychology ANSWER: ANSWER:
d
DIFFICULTY: DIFFICULTY:
Moderate
REFERENCES: REFERENCES:
UnderstandingPsychopathology
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.1a-Identifybasicbiological,psychological,andsocialcomponents ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.1a-Identifybasicbiological,psychological,andsocialcomponents ofbehavioralexplanations(e.g., inferences,observations,operational definitions, interpretation) OTHER:
TYPE:Conceptual
17. All ofthefollowingareways in whichmentalhealth professionalsmight functionasscientist-practitionersEXCEPT a. analyzingtheirown motivationsandreasons forhelpingpeoplewith psychologicalproblems. b. evaluatingtheirown evaluatingtheirown assessmentsandtrea assessmentsandtreatments tmentsforeffectiv foreffectiveness. eness. c. conductingresearchleadingto new informationaboutmentaldisordersandtheir treatments. d. usingthemostcurrentdiagnosticand treatmentprocedures. ANSWER: ANSWER:
a
DIFFICULTY: DIFFICULTY:
Moderate
REFERENCES: REFERENCES:
UnderstandingPsychopathology
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: OBJECTIVES: ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.1a-Identifybasicbiological,psychological,andsocialcomponents ofbehavioralexplanations(e.g., inferences,observations,operational definitions, interpretation) OTHER: OTHER:
TYPE:Factual
18. Tameka,havingearnedhermaster’ Tameka,havingearnedhermaste r’ss degree,hasbegun treatingdisordersand concentratingon familyproblems. Tameka isprobablya(n) a. psychiatricsocialworker. b. familytherapist. familytherapist. c. psychiatricnurse. d. mentalhealth counselor. ANSWER: ANSWER:
a
DIFFICULTY: DIFFICULTY:
Moderate
REFERENCES: REFERENCES:
UnderstandingPsychopathology
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.1a-Identifybasicbiological,psychological,andsocialcomponents ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.1a-Identifybasicbiological,psychological,andsocialcomponents ofbehavioralexplanations(e.g., inferences,observations,operational definitions, interpretation) OTHER:
TYPE:Applied
19. Statisticaldataare oftenrelevantwhendiscussing psychologicaldisorders.Forexample,aresearcher mightwantto knowhowmanynew casesofdepressionarediagnosed casesofdepressi onarediagnosed each year, afigurecalledthe afigurecalledt he ofthedisorder. ofthedisor der. a. prevalence b. incidence incidence c. recurrence d. ratio ANSWER: ANSWER:
b
DIFFICULTY: DIFFICULTY:
Moderate
REFERENCES: REFERENCES:
UnderstandingPsychopathology
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.1a-Identifybasicbiological,psychological,andsocialcomponents ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.1a-Identifybasicbiological,psychological,andsocialcomponents ofbehavioralexplanations(e.g., inferences,observations,operational definitions, interpretation) OTHER:
TYPE:Factual
20. Psychologicaldisorderscan bedescribedasfollowinga typicalcourseorindividualpattern. Forexample, schizophreniafollowsachroniccourse.Ontheotherhand,mood disorders,includingdepression, follow a(n) course. a. episodic b. acute c. cyclic d. insidious ANSWER: ANSWER:
a
DIFFICULTY: DIFFICULTY:
Difficult
REFERENCES: REFERENCES:
UnderstandingPsychopathology
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.1a-Identifybasicbiological,psychological,andsocialcomponents ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.1a-Identifybasicbiological,psychological,andsocialcomponents ofbehavioralexplanations(e.g., inferences,observations,operational definitions, interpretation)
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OTHER:
TYPE:Conceptual
21. Ifapsychologicaldisorderissaidtohave an acuteonset, itmeans that thesymptomsdeveloped a. suddenly. b. atypically. atypically. c. gradually. d. followinga period of recovery. ANSWER: ANSWER:
a
DIFFICULTY: DIFFICULTY:
Moderate
REFERENCES: REFERENCES:
UnderstandingPsychopathology
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.1a-Identifybasicbiological,psychological,andsocialcomponents ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.1a-Identifybasicbiological,psychological,andsocialcomponents ofbehavioralexplanations(e.g., inferences,observations,operational definitions, interpretation) OTHER:
TYPE:Factual
22. When20-year-old Larrywas firstdiagnosed with schizophrenia,hisfamilywantedto knowifandhowthedisorder would progressandhowit progressandhowit would affect affect himin the future.In future.In medicalterm medicalterms, s, the familywanted familywanted to know know Larry’ Larry’s a. diagnosis. b. prognosis. prognosis. c. pathophysiology. d. diseaseetiology. ANSWER: ANSWER:
b
DIFFICULTY: DIFFICULTY:
Moderate
REFERENCES: REFERENCES:
UnderstandingPsychopathology
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.1a-Identifybasicbiological,psychological,andsocialcomponents ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.1a-Identifybasicbiological,psychological,andsocialcomponents ofbehavioralexplanations(e.g., inferences,observations,operational definitions, interpretation) OTHER:
TYPE:Applied
23. Atvarioustimes inhistory, in anattempttoexplain problematic,irrationalbehavior, humanshavefocused on supernaturalcausesthatinclude a. witchcraft. b. demonsandevilsp demonsandevilspirits. irits. c. themoon andstars. d. allof theabove. ANSWER: ANSWER:
d
DIFFICULTY: DIFFICULTY:
Moderate
REFERENCES: REFERENCES:
UnderstandingPsychopathology
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.2.b-Recognizemajorhistorical ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.2.b-Recognizemajorhistorical events,theoretical perspectives, andfigures in psychologyand their linktotrends incontemporaryresearch OTHER:
TYPE:Conceptual
24. Throughouthistory,allof thesetheoreticalmodelshave been usedto primarilyexplainourbehavior, thinkingand emotionsEXCEPT a. psychological. b. biological. biological.
c. supernatural.
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d.physical. ANSWER: ANSWER: b DIFFICULTY: DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: REFERENCES: UnderstandingPsychopathology OTHER: OTHER:
TYPE:Conceptual
25. Towardtheendofthe14th centuryandcontinuingintothe15th, thecausesof“ thecause sof“madness madness””weregenerallyattributed to a. toxinsin theblood. b. religiousdelusion religiousdelusions. s. c. braindisease. d. demonsandwitches. ANSWER: ANSWER:
d
DIFFICULTY: DIFFICULTY:
Moderate
REFERENCES: REFERENCES:
UnderstandingPsychopathology
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.2.b-Recognizemajorhistorical ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.2.b-Recognizemajorhistorical events,theoretical perspectives, andfigures in psychologyand their linktotrends incontemporaryresearch OTHER:
TYPE:Factual
26. Whichofthe followingaccuratelydescribestheattitudesoftheCatholicChurch towardmentallyillpeople duringthe turbulentpoliticalandreligiouseventsofthe 14th and15th centuries? a. They were considered tobesufferingfromreligiousdelusionsandwerecared forby membersofthechurch communities. b. They were were seenaspossesse seenaspossessedbyev dbyevilspiritsandblam ilspiritsandblamed ed forallmisfortunes. forallmisfortunes. c. They were regardedasbasicallygood individualswhowerenotresponsiblefor theirabnormalbehavior. d. They were providedwith medical treatmentsandsometimeshospitalizedbecausementalillnesswasregarded asequivalentto physicalillness. ANSWER: ANSWER:
b
DIFFICULTY: DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: REFERENCES: UnderstandingPsychopathology LEARNING OBJECTIVES: OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.2.b-Recognizemajorhistorical ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.2.b-Recognizemajorhistorical events,theoretical perspectives, andfigures in psychologyand their linktotrends incontemporaryresearch OTHER:
TYPE:Factual
27. DuringtheMiddleAges, aswellasatothertimes, mentallyillpeopleweresometimesforcedto undergothereligious ritualcalledexorcism. This was inorderto a. curethementalillnessbymakingthe individual more religious. b. buildup musclestreng musclestrengthand thand make make thepersonhealthie thepersonhealthier. r. c. ridtheindiv r idtheindividua idual’ l’sbodyofevilspirits. sbodyofevilspirits. d. prove thatthe person wasnotawitch. ANSWER: ANSWER:
c
DIFFICULTY: DIFFICULTY:
Moderate
REFERENCES: REFERENCES:
UnderstandingPsychopathology
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.2.b-Recognizemajorhistorical ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.2.b-Recognizemajorhistorical events,theoretical perspectives,
andfigures in psychologyand their linktotrends incontemporaryresearch OTHER:
TYPE:Factual
28. SigmundFreud proposed thatmanyphysicalcomplaintssufferedby youngwomen a. wereaformofdivinepunishment. b. reflectedstressp reflectedstressplacedup lacedupon on thembysociety. thembysociety.
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c. resultedfrom r esultedfromtthe“conversi he“con version”ofs on”ofsexualfantasies exualfantasies intosociallyacceptableoutlets. d. resultedfromtherisein resultedfromtherisein feminism. feminism. ANSWER: ANSWER:
c
DIFFICULTY: DIFFICULTY:
Moderate
REFERENCES: REFERENCES:
UnderstandingPsychopathology
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.2.b-Recognizemajorhistorical ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.2.b-Recognizemajorhistorical events,theoretical perspectives, andfigures in psychologyand their linktotrends incontemporaryresearch OTHER: TYPE:Factual 29. In the late19 thcentury, John P. Greyandhiscolleagues a. discovered thefirstcureforschizophrenia. b. ironicallyreduce ironicallyreduced d interestin interestin treatingmentalp treatingmentalpatients. atients. c. changed thefieldofpsychologicalresearchlargelyinto abiologicalscience. d. createdthefirst humane treatmentfacilitiesformentallyillpatients. ANSWER: ANSWER:
b
DIFFICULTY: DIFFICULTY: Difficult REFERENCES: REFERENCES: UnderstandingPsychopathology LEARNING OBJECTIVES: OBJECTIVES: OTHER:
TYPE:Factual
30. DSM-5, an updatedversion ofthe DiagnosticandStatis DiagnosticandStatistical tical ManualofMen ManualofMentalDisorde talDisorders rs,, waspublished in a. 1994. b. 2000. c. 2002. d. 2013. ANSWER: ANSWER:
c
DIFFICULTY: DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: REFERENCES: UnderstandingPsychopathology LEARNING OBJECTIVES: OBJECTIVES: OTHER:
TYPE:Factual
31. Researchaboutpsychologicaldisorders fallsinto threebasiccategories.WhichisNOToneofthesecategories? a. Analysis b. Description Description c. Causation(etiology) d. Treatmentandoutcomes ANSWER: ANSWER:
a
DIFFICULTY: DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: REFERENCES: UnderstandingPsychopathology LEARNING OBJECTIVES: OBJECTIVES: OTHER:
TYPE:Factual
32. The authorsdescribeanexampleofconditioninginwhichcancerpatientsdevelop anegativereaction toa varietyof
peopleandthingsasso peopleandthingsassociate ciatedwiththeir dwiththeir chemothe chemotherapy rapy treatments. treatments.Thephenome Thephenomenon non iscalled iscalled a. generalizedconditioning. b. stimulusgene stimulusgeneralization. ralization. c. varietystimulus. d. stimulusdiscrimination. ANSWER: ANSWER:
b
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DIFFICULTY: DIFFICULTY: Difficult REFERENCES: REFERENCES: UnderstandingPsychopathology OTHER: OTHER:
TYPE:Factual
33. Onehotandhumid night, oneofyourfriendssuggestsdoingsome reallycrazythings.You lookupattheskyandsay, “Itmustbe the fullmoon.” fullmoon.” Yourstatementreflects theconceptfromwhichthe theconceptfr omwhichthe word isderived. a. lunatic b. idiot c. maniac d. psychopath ANSWER: ANSWER:
a
DIFFICULTY: DIFFICULTY: Difficult REFERENCES: REFERENCES: TheSupernatural TheSupernatural Tradition LEARNING OBJECTIVES: OBJECTIVES: OTHER:
TYPE:Applied
34. Inducedvomitingwasa17th centurytreatmentfordepression. Asdescribedin Anatomy Asdescribedin Anatomy ofMelanch ofMelancholy oly(1621),this (1621),this couldbeaccomplishedin partbyeating a. raw meat. b. ice. c. coal. d. tobacco. ANSWER: ANSWER:
d
DIFFICULTY: DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: REFERENCES: TheSupernatural TheSupernatural Tradition LEARNING OBJECTIVES: OBJECTIVES: OTHER:
TYPE:Factual
35. Youare listeningto oldmusicaltunes, including “MyMelancholy Baby.” Baby.” Yourfriendsareimpressedwhenyou tell themthat themthat “melancholi “melancholic,” c,”referringtoadepressivepersonality,derivesfromaGreekword referringtoadepressivepersonality,derivesfromaGreekword meaning a. blood. b. phlegm. phlegm. c. yellow bile. d. blackbile. ANSWER: ANSWER:
d
DIFFICULTY: DIFFICULTY: Difficult REFERENCES: REFERENCES: TheBiologicalTradition LEARNING OBJECTIVES: OBJECTIVES: OTHER:
TYPE:Applied
36. Accordingto Hippocrates’ Hippocrates’humoraltheory, the“ the“choleric choleric”p ersonalityis ”personalityis a. hot-tempered. b. easygoing. easygoing.
c. kind. d. cheap. ANSWER: ANSWER:
a
DIFFICULTY: DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: REFERENCES: TheBiologicalTradition LEARNING OBJECTIVES: OBJECTIVES: OTHER:
TYPE:Factual
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37. Basedon Hippocrates’hu Hippocrates’humoraltheory moraltheory,“ ,“sangui sanguine”de ne”describesapersonwhois scribesapersonwhois a. pessimistic. b. pale. c. cheerful. d. humorous. ANSWER: ANSWER:
c
DIFFICULTY: DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: REFERENCES: TheBiologicalTradition LEARNING OBJECTIVES: OBJECTIVES: OTHER:
TYPE:Factual
38. Bloodletting,atreatmentdevisedcenturiesago torestore thebalanceofhumors,wasaccomplished with the useof a. needles. b. leeches. leeches. c. tourniquets. d. bacteria. ANSWER: ANSWER:
b
DIFFICULTY: DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: REFERENCES: TheBiologicalTradition LEARNING OBJECTIVES: OBJECTIVES: OTHER:
TYPE:Factual
39. In ancientGreece,awomansufferingfr om“hysteri om“hysteria” a”mightbetoldthatherconditioncould mightbetoldthatherconditioncould becuredby a. marriage. b. pregnancy. pregnancy. c. therapy. d. divorce. ANSWER: ANSWER:
a
DIFFICULTY: DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: REFERENCES: TheBiologicalTradition LEARNING OBJECTIVES: OBJECTIVES: OTHER:
TYPE:Factual
40. In ancientGreece,some“hu ancientGreece,some“humoralexcesses moralexcesses””thought tobecausingpsychologicaldisordersweretreatedby a. increasingordecreasingtheperson’ increasingordecreasingtheperson ’sexposureto heat,dryness,moisture,orcold. b. herbalremedies. herbalremedies. c. decreasingbothcaloricandliquidintake. d. loweringtheperson loweringtheperson’’sbodytemperatureforextended periodsoftime. ANSWER: ANSWER:
a
DIFFICULTY: DIFFICULTY: Difficult REFERENCES: REFERENCES: TheBiologicalTradition LEARNING OBJECTIVES: OBJECTIVES: OTHER:
TYPE:Factual
41. Inkeeping withan acceptedtreatment formentalillness inthe14th century,aphysiciantreatingKing CharlesVIof Francehadhim moved to the countrysidein orderto a. havehimcloser toahospitalthat treatedmentalillness. b. keephimawayfromh keephimawayfromhis is family. family. c. restore thebalancein hishumors.
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d.curehimofhysteria. ANSWER: ANSWER: c DIFFICULTY: DIFFICULTY: Difficult REFERENCES: REFERENCES: TheBiologicalTradition OTHER: OTHER:
TYPE:Factual
42. In anattemptto rid thebodyof theexcessivehumorsthoughtto becausingpsychological disorders, physicians throughouthistoryhave used treatments suchas a. bloodletting. b. inducedseizure inducedseizures. s. c. exorcism. d. drillingthrough theskull. ANSWER: ANSWER:
a
DIFFICULTY: DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: REFERENCES: TheBiologicalTradition LEARNING OBJECTIVES: OBJECTIVES: OTHER:
TYPE:Factual
43. The conceptofhysteria, whichtraditionallymeantphysicalsymptoms forwhichno organicpathologycould befound, isnowassociatedwith whichDSM-5 classification? a. Anxietydisorders Anxietydisorders b. Borderlinepersona Borderlinepersonalitydisorde litydisorderr c. Premenstrual symptomdisorder d. Somaticsymptomdisorder ANSWER: ANSWER:
d
DIFFICULTY: DIFFICULTY: Difficult REFERENCES: REFERENCES: TheBiologicalTradition LEARNING OBJECTIVES: OBJECTIVES: OTHER:
TYPE:Factual
44. Thetraditional tendencyto stigmatizewomenas“ stigmatizewomenas “hysterical” hysterical ”derived fromHippocrates’ fromHippocrates’ conceptof conceptof a. the“ t he“wanderingwom wanderingwom b.” b. an“incompetentcervi an“incompetentcervix.” x.” c. “penisenvy “penisenvy.” .” d. “pelvicdysfunctio “pelvicdysfunction.” n.” ANSWER: ANSWER:
a
DIFFICULTY: DIFFICULTY: Difficult REFERENCES: REFERENCES: TheBiologicalTradition LEARNING OBJECTIVES: OBJECTIVES: OTHER:
TYPE:Factual
45. Theter m“hysteria m“hysteria”d ”derives erives fromtheGreek hysteron, hysteron, whichmeans a. vagina.
b. uterus. c. penis. d. libido. ANSWER: ANSWER:
b
DIFFICULTY: DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: REFERENCES: TheBiologicalTradition LEARNING OBJECTIVES: OBJECTIVES:
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OTHER:
TYPE:Factual
46. Thefirst significant supportingevidence forabiologicalcauseofamentaldisorderwasthe19thcenturydiscovery that thepsychoticdisorder called generalparesis generalparesiswascaused wascaused bythesamebacterialmicroorganismthat causes a. malaria. b. Alzheime Alzheimer’ r’sdisease. sdisease. c. syphilis. d. Thecommon cold. ANSWER: ANSWER:
c
DIFFICULTY: DIFFICULTY: Difficult REFERENCES: REFERENCES: TheBiologicalTradition OTHER:
TYPE:Factual
47. In the19thcentury,John Grey, awell-known Americanpsychiatrist,believedthatmentalillnesswasdueto a. psychologicalfactors. b. physical physical causes. causes. c. social/environmental influences. d. unknown influences. ANSWER: ANSWER:
b
DIFFICULTY: DIFFICULTY:
Moderate
REFERENCES: REFERENCES:
TheBiological Tradition
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.2.b-Recognizemajorhistorical ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.2.b-Recognizemajorhistorical events,theoretical perspectives, andfigures in psychologyand their linktotrends incontemporaryresearch OTHER:
TYPE:Factual
48. Moral Therapy focuses on: a. Social contact b. Interpersonal contact c. Teaching within holy books d. a and b are correct ANSWER: d DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: The Psychological Perspective
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: OBJECTIVES: OTHER: TYPE: Factual
49. In the1950s,the firsteffectivedrugs forseverepsychoticdisordersweredevelopedin asystematicway.Before that time,allofthefollowingwereusedtotreatpsychosisEXCEPT a. opium. b. neuroleptics. neuroleptics. c. herbalmedicine. d. moraltherapy. ANSWER: ANSWER:
b
DIFFICULTY: DIFFICULTY: Moderate
REFERENCES: REFERENCES: TheBiologicalTradition LEARNING OBJECTIVES: OBJECTIVES: OTHER:
TYPE:Factual
50. In the1800s,animportantresearchandclinicalpublicationread bypsychiatristsintheUnited Stateswastitled a. CaseStudiesin MentalIllness. MentalIllness . b. AmericanJ b. AmericanJournalofMa ournalofMadness dness.. c. AmericanJ c. AmericanJournalofInsa ournalofInsanity nity.. d. Lunaticsin d. Lunaticsin America America.. ANSWER: ANSWER:
c
DIFFICULTY: DIFFICULTY: Difficult REFERENCES: REFERENCES: TheBiologicalTradition LEARNING OBJECTIVES: OBJECTIVES: OTHER:
TYPE:Factual
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51. Withthediscoveryofthe majortranquilizerscalled includinghallucinations,delusions,andaggressiveness. a. neuroleptics
_, itbecame itbecamepossible possible tocontrolpsyc tocontrolpsychoticsym hoticsymptoms, ptoms,
b. benzodiazepin benzodiazepines es c. bromides d. opiates ANSWER: ANSWER:
a
DIFFICULTY: DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: REFERENCES: TheBiologicalTradition LEARNING OBJECTIVES: OBJECTIVES: OTHER:
TYPE:Factual
52. Benzodiazepines,or“ Benzodiazepines ,or“minor minor ”tranquilizerssuch asValiumandLibrium,areeffective inreducingthesymptomsof a. depression. b. anxiety. anxiety. c. schizophrenia. d. hysteria. ANSWER: ANSWER:
b
DIFFICULTY: DIFFICULTY:
Easy
REFERENCES: REFERENCES:
TheBiological Tradition
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.2.b-Recognizemajorhistorical ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.2.b-Recognizemajorhistorical events,theoretical perspectives, andfigures in psychologyand their linktotrends incontemporaryresearch OTHER:
TYPE:Factual
53. In the late1800s,the emphasison abiologicalcauseofmentaldisorderironicallyresultedinreducedinterest in treatments formentalpatientsbecauseitwas thoughtthat a. physiciansshould devotemoretime to the physicallyill. b. patientswould patientswould improvem improvemorerapidlyiftheyw orerapidlyiftheywerenothospi erenothospitalized talized.. c. thehospitalstaffwasnotadequately trainedto administernewtreatments. d. mentalillnessdueto brainpathology was incurable. ANSWER: ANSWER:
d
DIFFICULTY: DIFFICULTY:
Difficult
REFERENCES: REFERENCES:
TheBiological Tradition
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.2.b-Recognizemajorhistorical ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.2.b-Recognizemajorhistorical events,theoretical perspectives, andfigures in psychologyand their linktotrends incontemporaryresearch OTHER:
TYPE:Conceptual
54. In contrast to the asylumsof theearly18th century, thepsychosocialapproach call ed“moraltherapy ed“moraltherapy”a ”advocatedallof dvocatedallof thefollowingEXCEPT a. restraintandseclusion. b. normalsocial normalsocial interact interaction. ion. c. individual attentionfromthehospital staff. d. lecturesoninterestingsubjectsforhospitalizedpatients. ANSWER: ANSWER:
a
DIFFICULTY: DIFFICULTY: 1 REFERENCES: REFERENCES: ThePsychological Tradition LEARNING OBJECTIVES: OBJECTIVES: OTHER:
TYPE:Conceptual
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55. AfterPhilippePinelsystematicallyintroducedmoraltherapyasatreatment inmentalhospitals inFrance,asimilar typeoftreatmentwasfirstestablished inaU.S. hospitalby a. BenjaminRush. b. WilliamTuke. WilliamTuke. c. Josephvon Medina. d. ManfredSakel. ANSWER: ANSWER:
a
DIFFICULTY: DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: REFERENCES: ThePsychological Tradition LEARNING OBJECTIVES: OBJECTIVES: OTHER:
TYPE:Factual
56. After themid 1800s,moraltherapydeclinedasatreatmentforthementallyillin theUnitedStates because a. thenumberofpatients inmentalinstitutionsalsodeclined. b. immigrantscause immigrantscausedan dan increasein increasein thementalhospita thementalhospitalpopulatio lpopulation. n. c. thenumberofpeopleavailabletostaffmentalhospitalsincreased. d. new biologicallybasedtreatmentsbecameavailable. ANSWER: ANSWER:
b
DIFFICULTY: DIFFICULTY: Difficult REFERENCES: REFERENCES: ThePsychological Tradition LEARNING OBJECTIVES: OBJECTIVES: OTHER:
TYPE:Conceptual
57. Youhave been askedto givea reportonthementalhygienemovementanditsforemost crusader,DorotheaDix, who campaignedformorehumanetreatmentoftheinsane.Aftermentioningallofheraccomplishments,younotethe unforeseenconsequenceofherefforts,namely, a. adecreasein thenumberofmentalpatients ininstitutions, forcingmanyto close. b. an increaseinthen increaseinthenumberofm umberofmentalpatie entalpatients,resulting nts,resultingin in insufficient insufficient stafftocarefor stafftocarefor them. them. c. achangefromcustodialcare tomoraltherapyfor institutionalizedpatients. d. morepatients receivingpsychotherapyand fewerreceivingmedication. ANSWER: ANSWER:
b
DIFFICULTY: DIFFICULTY: Difficult REFERENCES: REFERENCES: ThePsychological Tradition LEARNING OBJECTIVES: OBJECTIVES: OTHER:
TYPE:Conceptual
58. AntonMesmer, an early18th centuryphysician, purportedto beaffectingcures inpatientsbyunblockingtheirflowof abodilyfluidhe called“ called “animalmagnetism.” animalmagnetism.”In In fact,anyeffectivenessofhismethodswasactuallydueto a. undetectablemagneticfields. b. chemicallyinduce chemicallyinducedhumo dhumoralbalance ralbalance.. c. mentaltelepathy. d. thepowerofsuggestion. ANSWER: ANSWER:
d
DIFFICULTY: DIFFICULTY: Moderate
REFERENCES: REFERENCES: ThePsychological Tradition LEARNING OBJECTIVES: OBJECTIVES: OTHER: 59.
TYPE:Conceptual
demonstratedthatsome demonstratedth atsome techniquesofmesmerismwere techniquesofmesmerismwereeffectivewith effectivewith severalpsychologicaldi severalpsychologicaldisorders. sorders. a. PhilippePinel b. AntonMesmer AntonMesmer
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c. SigmundFreud d. Jean-MartinCharcot ANSWER: ANSWER:
d
DIFFICULTY: DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: REFERENCES: ThePsychological Tradition LEARNING OBJECTIVES: OBJECTIVES: OTHER:
TYPE:Factual
60. Whichofthe followingaccuratelydescribesthepatientsofFreud and Breueraftertheyreceivedhypnotherapyfor theirpsychologicaldisorders? a. Feelingsofreliefandimprovement b. Decreasedem Decreasedemotionalitywh otionalitywhileinthehypno ileinthehypnoticstate ticstate c. Accurateposthypnoticrecall d. Increasedunderstandingofthecausesof theirpsychologicaldisorder ANSWER: ANSWER:
a
DIFFICULTY: DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: REFERENCES: ThePsychological Tradition LEARNING OBJECTIVES: OBJECTIVES: OTHER:
TYPE:Conceptual
61. Realizingthatpatientswereoften unawareofmaterialpreviouslyrecalledunderhypnosis,BreuerandFreud ,aconceptconsideredoneof themostimportantdevelopmentsin thehistoryof hypothesized theexistenceof psychopathology. psychopathology. a. neurosis b. theunconsciousm theunconsciousmind ind c. theElectracomplex d. catharsis ANSWER: ANSWER:
b
DIFFICULTY: DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: REFERENCES: ThePsychological Tradition LEARNING OBJECTIVES: OBJECTIVES: OTHER:
TYPE:Factual
62. In usinghypnosis totreatpatientswithpsychologicaldisorders,Freuddiscovered a. thatitis therapeutictorecallandreliveemotionallytraumaticevents. b. thatpatientsare thatpatientsare unableto processemotionallych processemotionallychargedinform argedinformation. ation. c. thathypnosisis lesseffective thanmesmerism. d. theexistenceofconsciousmemories. ANSWER: ANSWER:
a
DIFFICULTY: DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: REFERENCES: ThePsychological Tradition LEARNING OBJECTIVES: OBJECTIVES: OTHER:
TYPE:Conceptual
63. In theclassiccaseofAnna O. in1895,neurologistJosefBreuertreatedher “hy in1895,neurologistJosefBreuertreatedher “hysterical sterical”s ”symptomsbyusing ymptomsbyusing a. psychoanalysis. b. hypnosis. hypnosis. c. faithhealing. d. theplaceboeffect. ANSWER: ANSWER:
b
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DIFFICULTY: DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: REFERENCES: ThePsychological ThePsycholo gical Tradition OTHER: OTHER:
TYPE:Conceptual
64. Whichofthe followingisNOTincludedaspartofFreud’ followingisNOTincludedaspartofFreud’sstructure ofthemind? a. Id b. Psyche Psyche c. Superego d. Ego ANSWER: ANSWER:
b
DIFFICULTY: DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: REFERENCES: ThePsychological Tradition LEARNING OBJECTIVES: OBJECTIVES: OTHER:
TYPE:Factual
65. The superego is to morality as t he id is to: a. pleasure principle b. rational thought c. mediating conflict d. the ego ANSWER: a DIFFICULTY: Moderate Psychological Tradition REFERENCES: The Psychological
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: OBJECTIVES: OTHER: TYPE: Conceptual 66. In Freudiantheory, Freudiantheory, “libi “libido”and“ do”and“thanato thanatos” s” representthe twobasicbutopposingdrivesof a. lifeand death. b. sex and and celibacy. celibacy. c. goodand evil. d. pleasureandpain. ANSWER: ANSWER:
a
DIFFICULTY: DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: REFERENCES: ThePsychological Tradition OTHER:
TYPE:Factual
67. Youhavejust read anewspaperarticleaboutasavage rapeandmurder.Youwonderhowsomeonecould commitsuch ahorriblecrime. ThenyourecallfromyourstudyofFreudian theorythat accordingto Freud,anyone couldbeakilleror rapist if impulsesarenotwell controlled. a. egoistic b. phallic c. id d. mesmeric ANSWER: ANSWER:
c
DIFFICULTY: DIFFICULTY: Difficult REFERENCES: REFERENCES: ThePsychological Tradition LEARNING OBJECTIVES: OBJECTIVES: OTHER:
TYPE:Conceptual
68. AlthoughFreudconceptualizedthelibidoasthelifeenergywithinthe id, manypeoplethinkofitasthe a. deathinstinct. b. sex drive. drive. c. conscience. d. Oedipalconflict. ANSWER: ANSWER:
b
DIFFICULTY: DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: REFERENCES: ThePsychological Tradition LEARNING OBJECTIVES: OBJECTIVES: OTHER:
TYPE:Conceptual
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69. Accordingtopsychoanalytictheory, the developsearlyinlifeto insurethatwecan adapt tothedemandsof therealworld whilestillfindingways tomeetourbasic needs. a. ego b. superego superego c. libido d. idealself ANSWER: ANSWER:
a
DIFFICULTY: DIFFICULTY: Difficult REFERENCES: REFERENCES: ThePsychological Tradition LEARNING OBJECTIVES: OBJECTIVES: OTHER:
TYPE:Conceptual
70. Accordingtopsychoanalytictheory, theid operateson the t he “ pleasureprinciple pleasureprinciple,” ,”whichmeans whichmeans that it a. paysparticularattentiontosocial rulesand regulations. b. thinksin an unemotional,log unemotional,logical,and ical,and rationalmanner. rationalmanner. c. issexual, aggressive,selfish,andenvious. d. utilizessecondaryprocessthinking. ANSWER: ANSWER:
c
DIFFICULTY: DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: REFERENCES: ThePsychological Tradition LEARNING OBJECTIVES: OBJECTIVES: OTHER:
TYPE:Conceptual
71. WhenJohnnywantedacookiebeforedinner, hethoughtaboutjustgoingandtakingonewithoutpermission. However,afterthinkingaboutit, hedecided to getpermission fromhismom. Johnnywasoperatingaccordingto the principle. a. pleasure b. reality c. moral d. Oedipal ANSWER: ANSWER:
b
DIFFICULTY: DIFFICULTY:
Moderate
REFERENCES: REFERENCES:
ThePsychological Tradition
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.d-Describethevalueandlimitationofusingtheories ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.d-Describethevalueandlimitationofusingtheories to explain behavioralphenom behavioralphenomena ena OTHER:
TYPE:Applied
NOTES:
NEW
72. Aclassmatein yourpsychologycourseisworriedabouttheselfishand sometimesdangerousdrivesofhisid and wondersif itwillmake himcommitcrimes.Yourespondbysayingthat a. eachofusalsodevelopsanego to help usbehavemore realistically. b. idfantasiesactu idfantasiesactuallyreflec allyreflecttheoppos ttheoppositeofwhaty iteofwhatyou ou reallywant reallywant andbelieve. andbelieve. c. scientistsdisprovedFreud’ scientistsdisprovedFreud ’s theories a longtimeago. d. since idimpulsesare usuallypartoftheunconsciousness, theydonotmanifestin realbehaviors.
ANSWER: ANSWER:
a
DIFFICULTY: DIFFICULTY: Difficult REFERENCES: REFERENCES: ThePsychological Tradition LEARNING OBJECTIVES: OBJECTIVES: OTHER:
TYPE:Applied
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73. Accordingtopsychoanalytictheory, theroleof theego involves a. counteractingtheaggressiveandsexualdrivesof theid. b. maximizingp maximizingpleasureandred leasureandreducingtension ucingtension.. c. mediatingconflictbetweentheidandthesuperego. d. utilizingfantasyandprimaryprocess thinking. ANSWER: ANSWER:
c
DIFFICULTY: DIFFICULTY: Difficult REFERENCES: REFERENCES: ThePsychological Tradition LEARNING OBJECTIVES: OBJECTIVES: OTHER:
TYPE:Conceptual
74. Accordingtopsychoanalytictheory, theconflictsbetween the idandthesuperego oftenleadtofeelings of a. anxiety. b. desire. c. depression. d. anger. ANSWER: ANSWER:
a
DIFFICULTY: DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: REFERENCES: ThePsychological Tradition LEARNING OBJECTIVES: OBJECTIVES: OTHER:
TYPE:Conceptual
75. Accordingto Freudiantheory, anxiety isasignalfor theego to marshalitsdefensemechanisms,whichfunction as a. reality-basedactions. b. unconsciousprotec unconsciousprotectiveproce tiveprocesses. sses. c. consciouseffortsto maintain control. d. primitiveemotionalresponses. ANSWER: ANSWER:
b
DIFFICULTY: DIFFICULTY: Difficult REFERENCES: REFERENCES: ThePsychological Tradition LEARNING OBJECTIVES: OBJECTIVES: OTHER:
TYPE:Conceptual
76. All ofthefollowingareexamplesofdefensemechanismsaccordingto psychoanalytictheoryEXCEPT a. adaptation. b. displacement. displacement. c. repression. r epression. d. projection. ANSWER: ANSWER:
a
DIFFICULTY: DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: REFERENCES: ThePsychological Tradition LEARNING OBJECTIVES: OBJECTIVES: OTHER:
TYPE:Factual
77. In whichofthefollowingdefensemechanismsdoesanindividualunconsciouslyblockdisturbing wishes, thoughtsor experiences fromawareness? a. Rationalization b. Reactionforma Reactionformation tion c. Repression d. Displacement
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ANSWER: ANSWER:
c
DIFFICULTY: DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: REFERENCES: ThePsychological ThePsycholo gical Tradition OTHER: OTHER:
TYPE:Conceptual
78. In whichofthefollowingdefensemechanismsdoesanindividualfalselyattributehisorherown unacceptable feelings,impulses,orthoughtsto anotherperson? a. Denial b. Projection Projection c. Displacement d. Sublimation ANSWER: ANSWER:
b
DIFFICULTY: DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: REFERENCES: ThePsychological Tradition LEARNING OBJECTIVES: OBJECTIVES: OTHER:
TYPE:Coneptual
79. Mrs.Breceivedaverypoorratingbyhersupervisor,who had beenconstantlycriticizingher infront ofher coworkers.Whenshegothome,herkids ran upto greether, alltalkingatonce.Mrs.Bresponded by yelling ,“Leave ,“Leave me alone! Can’ Can’tyou seeI’ seeI’mtir ed?”Accordingto ed?”Accordingto psychoanalytic theory, thisisan example of thedefensemechanismknown as a. displacement. b. projection. projection. c. repression. r epression. d. rationalization. ANSWER: ANSWER:
a
DIFFICULTY: DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: REFERENCES: ThePsychological Tradition LEARNING OBJECTIVES: OBJECTIVES: OTHER:
TYPE:Applied
80. Sally feels that Jane takes advantage of their friendship. Today Jane asked Sally to run an errand for her, even though Jane had time to do it herself. Rather than confront Jane, Sally runs the errand and feels resentful. Sally’s behavior suggests she is a. histrionic. b. avoidant. c. paranoid. d. avoidant. ANSWER: b DIFFICULTY: Moderate Disorders REFERENCES: Cluster A Personality Disorders problems operationally to study study them empirically LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3a-Describe problems OTHER: TYPE: Conceptual
81. A4-year-old girlsucksher thumb,ateenagerbingeson food,andan adult womanbitesherfingernails.According to theFreudiantheoryofpsychosexualdevelo theFreudiantheor yofpsychosexualdevelopment,all pment,all threeare fixatedatthe stage. a. oral b. anal c. phallic d. genital ANSWER: ANSWER:
a
DIFFICULTY: DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: REFERENCES: ThePsychological Tradition LEARNING OBJECTIVES: OBJECTIVES: OTHER:
TYPE:Applied
82. The Oedipuscomplex,the psychosexualconflictthatoccursat thephallicstage ofdevelopment,ischaracterizedbya 3-to5year-old boy who a. represseshisneedforgenitalself-stimulation. b. loveshismotherbu loveshismotherbuthasfee thasfeelingsofang lingsofangerandenv erandenvytowardhisfath ytowardhisfather. er. c. loveshis fatherbuthasfeelingsofangerandenvytowardhismother. d. fantasizesabouttragicGreekheroes. ANSWER: ANSWER:
b
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DIFFICULTY: DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: REFERENCES: ThePsychological ThePsycholo gical Tradition OTHER: OTHER:
TYPE:Conceptual
83. Accordingto SigmundFreud,theElectracomplex,thepsychosexual conflict thatoccursatthe phallicstageof developmentin girls,ischaracterizedby a. castrationanxiety. b. Oedipalconflic Oedipalconflicts. ts. c. penisenvy. d. latencylust. latencylust. ANSWER: ANSWER:
c
DIFFICULTY: DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: REFERENCES: ThePsychological Tradition LEARNING OBJECTIVES: OBJECTIVES: OTHER:
TYPE:Conceptual
84. Borderlinepersonalitydisorder, inwhichsomebehavior“ inwhichsomebehavi or“ borders”on borders”on being being outoftouchwith outoftouchwith reality,was reality,was first first associatedwiththeideasof a. OttoKernberg. b. SigmundFreud. SigmundFreud. c. AlfredAdler. d. CarlJung. ANSWER: ANSWER:
a
DIFFICULTY: DIFFICULTY: Difficult REFERENCES: REFERENCES: ThePsychological Tradition LEARNING OBJECTIVES: OBJECTIVES: OTHER:
TYPE:Factual
85. In their theoriesabouthumannature,psychoanalystsCarlJungandAlfredAdlerboth a. regardedhuman natureaspossessingmanynegativequalities. b. were completelyana completelyanalogousto logousto Freud Freud’’sideas. c. believed thattherewerenobarriersto theinternalandexternalgrowthoftheindividual. d. emphasizedastrongdrivetowardindividual self-actualization. ANSWER: ANSWER:
d
DIFFICULTY: DIFFICULTY: Difficult REFERENCES: REFERENCES: ThePsychological Tradition LEARNING OBJECTIVES: OBJECTIVES: OTHER:
TYPE:Conceptual
86. Severeinternalconflicts thatproducealotofanxietyorotheremotionscantriggerself-defeatingdefensiveprocesses orsymptomssuch as a. acuteandposttraumaticstresssymptoms. b. depressionorbipol depressionorbipolarsym arsymptoms. ptoms.
c. phobicorobsessivesymptoms. d. suicidaloraggressivesymptoms. ANSWER: ANSWER:
a
DIFFICULTY: DIFFICULTY: Difficult REFERENCES: REFERENCES: ThePsychological Tradition LEARNING OBJECTIVES: OBJECTIVES: OTHER:
TYPE:Conceptual
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NOTES:
NEW
87. In ErikErikson’ ErikErikson’stheoryof lifespandevelopment,an individualreachesthematurestagewhenheorshe isabout yearsold. a. 55 b. 65 c. 75 d. 85 ANSWER: ANSWER:
b
DIFFICULTY: DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: REFERENCES: ThePsychological Tradition LEARNING OBJECTIVES: OBJECTIVES: OTHER:
TYPE:Factual
88. Whichofthe followingisanaccuratestatementabout“ followingisanaccuratestatementabout “stage” stage”theoriesofdevelopment? theoriesofdevelopment? a. InFreudiantheory, sexualarousal andinterestoccurduringthe latencystage. b. InErikson InErikson’’s theory, developmentoccursacross thelifespan. c. InFreudiantheory, intrapsychic conflictsareresolvedin earlychildhood. d. InFromm’ InFromm’s theory, cultureandsocietyinfluencepersonality. ANSWER: ANSWER:
b
DIFFICULTY: DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: REFERENCES: ThePsychological Tradition LEARNING OBJECTIVES: OBJECTIVES: OTHER:
TYPE:Conceptual
89. In psychoanalytic psychotherapy, itisimportantforpatientsto a. keep theirthoughtsandfeelingstothemselves. b. makeeye makeeye contactwith contactwith thepsychoanalys thepsychoanalyst. t. c. describethecontentof theirdreamstotheanalyst. d. remain inahorizontalpostureto induceemotionalprocessing. ANSWER: ANSWER:
c
DIFFICULTY: DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: REFERENCES: ThePsychological Tradition LEARNING OBJECTIVES: OBJECTIVES: OTHER:
TYPE:Conceptual
90. Psychodynamicpsychotherapydiffersfromclassical(Freudian)psychoanalysisinthatit a. emphasizesthegoalofpersonalityreconstruction. b. requiresalong-te requiresalong-termcommitm rmcommitmenton enton thepartoftheperson thepartofthepersonbeinganaly beinganalyzed. zed. c. focusesonsocialandinterpersonal issues. d. considerspastexperiencesimportant. ANSWER: ANSWER:
c
DIFFICULTY: DIFFICULTY: Difficult
REFERENCES: REFERENCES: ThePsychological Tradition LEARNING OBJECTIVES: OBJECTIVES: OTHER:
TYPE:Conceptual
91. The conceptsof “self-actualizing”a self-actualizing ”an nd“thehierarchyofneeds d“thehierarchyofneeds””aremostcloselyassociatedwiththetheoriesof a. AbrahamMaslow. b. CarlRogers. CarlRogers.
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c. CarlJung. d. MelanieKlein. ANSWER: ANSWER:
a
DIFFICULTY: DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: REFERENCES: ThePsychological Tradition LEARNING OBJECTIVES: OBJECTIVES: OTHER:
TYPE:
92. Whichofthe followingisNOTassociatedwiththehumanistic theoriesofCarl Rogers? a. Unconditionalpositive regard b. Hierarchyofneeds Hierarchyofneeds c. Empathy d. Person-centeredtherapy ANSWER: ANSWER:
b
DIFFICULTY: DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: REFERENCES: ThePsychological Tradition LEARNING OBJECTIVES: OBJECTIVES: OTHER:
TYPE:Conceptual
93. Humanistictherapistsregard Humanistictherapists regard as thesinglemostpositive thesinglemostpositi ve influence in facilitatinghumangrowth. facilitatinghu mangrowth. a. therapist interpretationofpatientverbalizations b. relationships(inc relationships(includingtheth ludingthetherapeuti erapeuticrelation crelationship) ship) c. self-esteem d. intellectualandmoraldevelopment ANSWER: ANSWER:
b
DIFFICULTY: DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: REFERENCES: ThePsychological Tradition LEARNING OBJECTIVES: OBJECTIVES: OTHER:
TYPE:Conceptual
94. The systematicdevelopmentofascientificapproach to psychopathologyis representedby a. humanisticpsychology. b. psychoanalysis. psychoanalysis. c. Jungianpsychology. d. thebehavioralmodel. ANSWER: ANSWER:
d
DIFFICULTY: DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: REFERENCES: ThePsychological Tradition LEARNING OBJECTIVES: OBJECTIVES: OTHER:
TYPE:Conceptual
95. Whichscientistfelt thatthatpsychologyshould notuseintrospectionorotherunquantifiablemethodsandis consideredthefounderofbehaviorism?
a. EdwardTitchener b. B.F. Skinner c. JohnWatson d. IvanPavlov ANSWER: ANSWER:
c
DIFFICULTY: DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: REFERENCES: ThePsychological Tradition LEARNING OBJECTIVES: OBJECTIVES:
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OTHER:
TYPE:Factual
96. Someoneyou knowhasbeen havinga lotofdifficultybecauseofirrational fears.Knowingthatyouarestudying abnormalpsychology, thisperson asksifyou knowofan effectiveandwell-establishedtreatment.Youadviseherthat ,based onthemid-20th century workofJosephWolpe,isasuccessful anxietyreductionprocedure. a. systematicdesensitization b. personcenteredthe personcenteredtherapy rapy c. exorcism d. aversiveconditioning ANSWER: ANSWER:
a
DIFFICULTY: DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: REFERENCES: ThePsychological Tradition LEARNING OBJECTIVES: OBJECTIVES: OTHER:
TYPE:Applied
97. Whichwell-known behavioral scientistwas theauthorof The The BehaviorofOrganisms(1938)and BehaviorofOrganisms(1938)and WaldenTwo (1948)? a. JohnWatson b. IvanPavlov IvanPavlov c. B.F. Skinner d. EdwardL.Thorndike ANSWER: ANSWER:
c
DIFFICULTY: DIFFICULTY:
Moderate
REFERENCES: REFERENCES:
ThePsychological Tradition
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.d-Describethevalueandlimitationofusingtheories ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.d-Describethevalueandlimitationofusingtheories to explain behavioralphenom behavioralphenomena ena OTHER:
TYPE:Factual
98. IvanPavlov, aRussianphysiologist,based histheoriesofconditioningon theresultsofexperimentsheconductedon a. humans. b. pigeons. pigeons. c. rats. d. dogs. ANSWER: ANSWER:
d
DIFFICULTY: DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: REFERENCES: ThePsychological Tradition LEARNING OBJECTIVES: OBJECTIVES: OTHER:
TYPE:Conceptual
99. Mustafawasbittenbyadogwhenhewas5yearsold. Nowheisafraidofanydoghe sees. His fearofdogisa(n) a. unconditionedstimulus. b. unconditioned unconditioned response. response. c. conditionedstimulus. d. conditionedresponse. ANSWER: ANSWER:
d
DIFFICULTY: DIFFICULTY: Difficult REFERENCES: REFERENCES: ThePsychological Tradition LEARNING OBJECTIVES: OBJECTIVES: OTHER:
TYPE:Applied
Full file at https://testbanku.eu/
100. In theprocessofself-actualizing,emphasized inhumanisticpsychology, individuals a. adopt a conditionedresponsetoavarietyofstimuli. b. direct theirown courseof courseof therapyundertheg therapyundertheguidanceofa uidanceofacounselo counselor. r. c. strive to achieve theirhighestpotential againstlife ’sobstacles. d. achieveacompleteandalmostunqualifiedacceptanceof theirowndysfunctions. ANSWER: ANSWER:
c
DIFFICULTY: DIFFICULTY: Easy REFERENCES: REFERENCES: ThePsychological Tradition OTHER:
TYPE:Conceptual
101. The continualinteractionofbiological,psychological,and socialinfluencesand theireffecton behaviorisconsidered a. sociocultural. b. psychobiologica psychobiological/biopsyc l/biopsychologica hological. l. c. systematic. d. multidimensional andintegrative. ANSWER: ANSWER:
d
DIFFICULTY: DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: REFERENCES: An IntegrativeApproach LEARNING OBJECTIVES: OBJECTIVES: OTHER:
TYPE:Conceptual
102. Apatientarrives in yourofficewithaseverefearofspiders.Youtreat thispatientby graduallyintroducingher to snake images,snake toys,and eventually livesnakesinorder toshow her thatnothingbadhappenedinthepresenceof theseobjects.Youare usingthe therapeutictechniquecalled a. cognitive therapy. b. systematicdesens systematicdesensitization. itization. c. operantconditioning. d. multidimensional therapy. ANSWER: ANSWER:
b
DIFFICULTY: DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: REFERENCES: An IntegrativeApproach LEARNING OBJECTIVES: OBJECTIVES: OTHER:
TYPE:Applied
103. Youjust adoptedapuppyandwant to teachit tofetchthenewspaper.Whatapproach wouldB. F.Skinneradviseyou to take? a. Punishthepuppyeach time itdoesnotfetchthepaper. b. Give thepuppya treateachtime treateachtime itgetsalittlec itgetsalittleclosertofetc losertofetchingperfec hingperfectly. tly. c. Give thepuppya treateachtime itfetchesperfectlyand nototherwise. d. Bepatientand understand thatbehavior shapingoccursnaturallyoverdevelopmentalstages. ANSWER: ANSWER:
b
DIFFICULTY: DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES: REFERENCES: An IntegrativeApproach LEARNING OBJECTIVES: OBJECTIVES:
OTHER:
TYPE:Applied
104. Accordingtothedefinition ofpersonalitydisorder,onlyindividualswho show behavior should should bediagnosed bediagnosed with with apersonalitydiso apersonalitydisorder. rder. a.suicidal
patternsofmala patternsofmaladaptive daptive
Full file at https://testbanku.eu/
b. themostsevere themostsevere c. relativelypermanent d. highlyvariable highlyvariable ANSWER: ANSWER:
c
DIFFICULTY: DIFFICULTY:
Moderate
REFERENCES: REFERENCES:
An OverviewofPersonalityDisorders
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto studythemempirically OTHER:
TYPE:Factual
105. All ofthefollowingarenecessaryconditionsforthediagnosisofapersonalitydisorderEXCEPT a. patientfeelingsofdistress. b. pervasivepatterno pervasivepatternofbehavi fbehavior. or. c. maladaptivefunctioning. d. chronicity. chronicity. ANSWER: ANSWER:
a
DIFFICULTY: DIFFICULTY:
Moderate
REFERENCES: REFERENCES:
An OverviewofPersonalityDisorders
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto studythemempirically OTHER:
TYPE:Factual
106. The genderdifference in thediagnosisofhistrionicpersonalitydisorder hasbeen criticized for a. reflectingsociety reflectingsociety’’sinherentbias. b. notreflectingenoug notreflectingenough h ofthedifferencesb ofthedifferencesbetweenm etweenmen en andwomen. andwomen. c. beingpsychologists’ beingpsychologists’ plot plot to undermine theirfemalecolleagues. d. allof theabove. ANSWER: ANSWER:
a
DIFFICULTY: DIFFICULTY:
Moderate
REFERENCES: REFERENCES:
ClusterA PersonalityDisorders
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto studythemempirically OTHER:
TYPE:Factual
107. Lu believes thathe is beingtrackedbytheFBIbecauseheisatelepathyexperim ent“setloose, ent“setloose,”andhe ”andhehears hears messagesand instructionsfromothersfromthesameexperiment.Whatdisorder would hemostlikelyhave? a. Schizotypalpersonalitydisorder b. Schizoidpersona Schizoidpersonalitydisorde litydisorderr c. Paranoidpersonalitydisorder d. Schizophrenia ANSWER: ANSWER:
d
DIFFICULTY: DIFFICULTY:
Moderate
REFERENCES: REFERENCES:
ClusterA PersonalityDisorders
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto studythemempirically OTHER:
TYPE:Applied
108. Unlikeschizophreniaoran eatingdisorder,personalitydisorderscanbeviewed asdisordersof a.biologyrather thanlearning.
Full file at https://testbanku.eu/
b. learningratherthand learningratherthandisease isease.. c. degreeratherthankind. d. functioningrather thandisease. ANSWER: ANSWER:
c
DIFFICULTY: DIFFICULTY:
Difficult
REFERENCES: REFERENCES:
An OverviewofPersonalityDisorders
ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto studythemempirically LEARNING OBJECTIVES: OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto OTHER:
TYPE:Conceptual
109.Clinicianswho view personalitydisordersasextremesofnormalpersonalityrather than as thewaytheDSM classifiespersonalitydisorders. a. medicalconditions
have criticized
b. biologicallybased biologicallybasedtraits traits c. separatecategoriesofdisorders d. impairedfunctioning impairedfunctioning ANSWER: ANSWER:
c
DIFFICULTY: DIFFICULTY:
Easy
REFERENCES: REFERENCES:
An OverviewofPersonalityDisorders
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto studythemempirically OTHER:
TYPE:Conceptual
110.Somehave proposedthatthepersonalitydisordersbereplaced orsupplementedbyadimensionalmodelin which individualswouldberatedon aseriesofpersonalitydimensionsaswellasacategorical diagnosis.It isbelieved thatthis would haveadvantagesoverapurelycategoricalsystem. Whichofthefollowingwould besuchan advantage? a. Itwould retainmoreinformationabouteachindividual. b. Itwould Itwould bemore bemore flexible. c. Itwould avoid arbitrarydecisionsinvolved in assignment toadiagnosticcategory. d. Allof theabove ANSWER: ANSWER:
d
DIFFICULTY: DIFFICULTY:
Moderate
REFERENCES: REFERENCES:
An OverviewofPersonalityDisorders
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto studythemempirically OTHER:
TYPE:Conceptual
NOTES:
NEW
111.Thefive-factormodelofpersonalityincludesallof the followingaspersonalitydimensionsEXCEPT a. expressiveness. b. extroversion. extroversion. c. conscientiousness. d. agreeableness ANSWER: ANSWER:
c
DIFFICULTY: DIFFICULTY:
Moderate
REFERENCES: REFERENCES:
An OverviewofPersonalityDisorders
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto studythemempirically OTHER:
TYPE:Factual
Full file at https://testbanku.eu/
112.What isone advantageof thecategoricalsystemoverthedimensionalsystemwhenitcomes toclassifyingand diagnosingpersonalitydisorders? a. Convenience b. Accuracy Accuracy c. Communicability d. Itisbetterasaprognostictool ANSWER: ANSWER:
a
DIFFICULTY: DIFFICULTY:
Moderate
REFERENCES: REFERENCES:
An OverviewofPersonalityDisorders
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto studythemempirically OTHER:
TYPE:Conceptual
113.DSM-IV-TRdividesperso 113.DSM-IV -TRdividespersonalitydisor nalitydisordersinto dersinto a. 1
distinct clusters.
b. 2 c. 3 d. 4 ANSWER: ANSWER:
c
DIFFICULTY: DIFFICULTY:
Moderate
REFERENCES: REFERENCES:
An OverviewofPersonalityDisorders
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto studythemempirically OTHER:
TYPE:Factual
114.DSM-5 personalitydisordersaregroupedintothreeclusters.Whichofthefollowingmostaccuratelyrepresentsthe threeclusters? a. Oddoreccentric;dangerousorinconsistent;shy, uncommunicative,orwithdrawn b. Shy,uncomm Shy,uncommunicative,o unicative,orr withdrawn;anxiousorfea withdrawn;anxiousorfearful;dang rful;dangerousorincons erousorinconsistent istent c. Shyorwithdrawn;dramatic,emotional,orerratic;bizarreorthought-disordered d. Oddoreccentric;dramatic,emotional,orerratic;anxiousorfearful ANSWER: ANSWER:
d
DIFFICULTY: DIFFICULTY:
Moderate
REFERENCES: REFERENCES:
An OverviewofPersonalityDisorders
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto studythemempirically OTHER:
TYPE:Factual
115. In theworld, theworld , theprevalenceofpersonalitydisord theprevalenceofperson alitydisordersisestimated ersisestimated tobeapproximately tobeappro ximately a. 0.5 b. 2 c. 6 d. 11 ANSWER: ANSWER:
c
DIFFICULTY: DIFFICULTY:
Difficult
REFERENCES: REFERENCES:
An OverviewofPersonalityDisorders
percent.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto studythemempirically OTHER:
TYPE:Factual
Full file at https://testbanku.eu/
116.Thecharacteristic featuresofpersonalitydisorders tend todevelopwith a. rapidonsetinlateadolescence. b. gradualonset gradualonset inadulthood. inadulthood. c. rapidonsetin adulthood. d. onset inchildhood inchildhood thatisdifficult to pinpoint. ANSWER: ANSWER:
d
DIFFICULTY: DIFFICULTY:
Moderate
REFERENCES: REFERENCES:
An OverviewofPersonalityDisorders
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto studythemempirically OTHER:
TYPE:Factual
117.Accordingto your textbook, themain reasonthat wedo nothavesufficient researchexaminingthedevelopmentof personalitydisordersis personalitydisordersis that a. manyindividualsdonotseektreatmentintheearlyphasesofthesedisorders. b. thereis insufficient insufficient research research fundingforthesediso fundingforthesedisorders,due rders,duetorelativ torelativee lackofpublicawa lackofpublicawareness. reness. c. sophisticatedresearchmethodsarenecessarytostudydisordersthatare soingrained in personality. d. all ofthesearecitedaskeycontributors to the lackofsufficientresearch. ANSWER: ANSWER:
a
DIFFICULTY: DIFFICULTY:
Moderate
REFERENCES: REFERENCES:
An OverviewofPersonalityDisorders
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto studythemempirically OTHER:
TYPE:Conceptual
118. The Scientific Method is: a. interdisciplinary b. useful in studying personality disorders c. can study normal and abnormal behaviors d. all of the above ANSWER: d DIFFICULTY: Moderate REFERENCES:The Present: The Scientific Method and an Integrative Approach
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: OBJECTIVES: OTHER: TYPE: Conceptual
119.Researchsuggeststhatthegenderdifferencesobserved intheprevalenceofmanypersonalitydisorders maybedue to a. geneticdifferences. b. gender-specificle gender-specificlearnedbeh arnedbehaviorpatte aviorpatterns. rns. c. genderbiasonthepartofthe diagnosingclinician. d. culturalscriptsthatdictatethe typeofdisordered behaviorappropriateforeach gender. ANSWER: ANSWER:
c
DIFFICULTY: DIFFICULTY:
Moderate
REFERENCES: REFERENCES:
An OverviewofPersonalityDisorders
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto studythemempirically
OTHER:
TYPE:Factual
120.A womandemonstratingahigh degreeofWester n “stereotypical “stereotypical female” femal e”traitsmightwellbediagnosed traitsmightwellbediagnosed with histrionicpersonalitydisorder.Whichofthe followingwould probablyoccurifaman demonstratedverystereotypical masculinetraits? a. Hewould bediagnosed with antisocialpersonalitydisorder. b. Hewould bediagnosed bediagnosed with histrionicpersonal histrionicpersonalitydisorder. itydisorder. c. Hewould bediagnosed with narcissisticpersonalitydisorder. d. Heprobablywould notbediagnosedwithanypersonalitydisorder. ANSWER: ANSWER:
d
DIFFICULTY: DIFFICULTY:
Difficult
REFERENCES: REFERENCES:
An OverviewofPersonalityDisorders
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto studythemempirically OTHER:
TYPE:Applied
Full file at https://testbanku.eu/
121.Thediagnosisofmore thanonepersonalitydisorderin anindividual patient is a. common. b. impossibleunles impossibleunlesss theperson theperson suffersfromdissociativ suffersfromdissociativee identitydisorder. identitydisorder. c. rare. d. onlypossible forpersonalitydisorders inthesameDSM-5 cluster. ANSWER: ANSWER:
a
DIFFICULTY: DIFFICULTY:
Easy
REFERENCES: REFERENCES:
An OverviewofPersonalityDisorders
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto studythemempirically OTHER:
TYPE:Factual
122.Genderdifferencesobservedin theprevalenceof manypersonalitydisorders maybedue to a. toleranceofbehaviorin a culture. b. differencesin differencesin help-seek help-seeking ing behavior. c. genderbiasonthepartofthe diagnosingclinician. d. all oftheabove. ANSWER: ANSWER:
d
DIFFICULTY: DIFFICULTY:
Moderate
REFERENCES: REFERENCES:
An OverviewofPersonalityDisorders
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto studythemempirically OTHER:
TYPE:Factual
NOTES:
NEW
123.Max isalwayssurethatothersaretryingto harmhim. Hisperceptionthattheworldisathreateningplaceimpacts mostofhislife. Mostlikely, Max wouldbediagnosedwiththepersonalitydisordercalled a. histrionic. b. avoidant. avoidant. c. paranoid. d. antisocial. ANSWER: ANSWER:
c
DIFFICULTY: DIFFICULTY:
Easy
REFERENCES: REFERENCES:
ClusterA PersonalityDisorders
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto studythemempirically OTHER:
TYPE:Applied
124.An individualrequestingtreatmentatamentalhealth clinickeepstalkingabouthowgangstersare “outto gethim.” gethim.” Beforediagnosingparanoidpersonalitydisorder, wemustdeterminewhether a. hisfearsarejustified. b. hisfamilylifeisstab hisfamilylifeisstable. le. c. hehaseverattemptedsuicide. d. heavoidssocialization. ANSWER: ANSWER:
a
DIFFICULTY: DIFFICULTY:
Moderate
REFERENCES: REFERENCES:
ClusterA PersonalityDisorders
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto studythemempirically
Full file at https://testbanku.eu/
OTHER:
TYPE:Applied
125.Thelanguage barrierof refugeesfromothercountriesandpeoplewith hearingimpairmentsmaymake these individualsparticularlysusceptibleto a. histrionicpersonalitydisorder. b. paranoidpersonali paranoidpersonalitydisorder. tydisorder. c. schizotypal personalitydisorder. d. schizoidpersonalitydiso schizoidpersonalitydisorder. rder. ANSWER: ANSWER:
b
DIFFICULTY: DIFFICULTY:
Moderate
REFERENCES: REFERENCES:
ClusterA PersonalityDisorders
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA4.2.b-Accuratelyself-assessperformancequalitybyadheringto ABNO.DURA.16.APA4.2.b-Accuratelyself-assessperformancequalitybyadheringto externalstandards OTHER:
TYPE:Conceptual
126.Youarewaitingto board aplanewhenyou hearthatthe flighthasbeendelayeddueto apassingthunderstorm.The man sittingnextto you says,“Pa says,“Passingthunderstorm,sure!Tha ssingthunderstorm,sure!Tha t’sJimagain,he t’sJimagain,he’’sbeen doingeverythingto make memiss thismeetingbecausehe ’stryingto getme fired!” fired!”Ofthe following, thisstatementwould bemostconsistentwith personalitydisorder. personalitydisorder. a. avoidant b. histrionic histrionic c. borderline d. paranoid ANSWER: ANSWER:
d
DIFFICULTY: DIFFICULTY:
Moderate
REFERENCES: REFERENCES:
ClusterA PersonalityDisorders
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto studythemempirically OTHER:
TYPE:Applied
127.Oneof thegreatestchallenges foranytherapisttreatingan individualwith paranoid personalitydisorder isin a. understandingthepatient’ understandingthepatient ’sbelief system. b. earningthepatien earningthepatientt ’strust. c. convincingthepatienttotalkabouthisorherbeliefs. d. gettingthepatientto speakclearly. ANSWER: ANSWER:
b
DIFFICULTY: DIFFICULTY:
Easy
REFERENCES: REFERENCES:
ClusterA PersonalityDisorders
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA4.2.b-Accuratelyself-assessperformancequalitybyadheringto ABNO.DURA.16.APA4.2.b-Accuratelyself-assessperformancequalitybyadheringto externalstandards OTHER:
TYPE:Conceptual
128.Thedata regardingtreatmentoutcome forindividualswithparanoidpersonalitydisorder a. indicateclientsdo notremain intherapylongenough fortreatmentsuccess. b. suggestthattrea suggestthattreatmentc tmentcan an onlybesucces onlybesuccessfulifthe sfulifthe patientremainsin patientremainsin therapyforaminimumofon therapyforaminimumofoneyear. eyear.
c. indicatethatcognitive therapyiseffectivein mostcases. d. demonstratethatstrict behavioral approachesareeffective. ANSWER: ANSWER:
a
Full file at https://testbanku.eu/
DIFFICULTY: DIFFICULTY:
Easy
REFERENCES: REFERENCES:
ClusterA PersonalityDisorders PersonalityDisor ders
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: OBJECTIVES: ABNO.DURA.16.APA4.2.b-Accuratelyself-assessperformancequalitybyadheringto externalstandards OTHER: OTHER:
TYPE:Factual
129.Theoisquitealoner.Hewalks toclassbyhimself,doesnot talktoanyone, and appearsindifferenttootherpeople.It isclearthatTheoneitherdesiresnorenjoysclosenesswithothers.Hedoesnotactin anyobviouslyunusual ways,nor doesheappearto possessstrangebeliefsabout theworld. Of the followingpersonalitydisorders,Theoappearsto be a. avoidant. b. antisocial. antisocial. c. schizotypal. d. schizoid. ANSWER: ANSWER:
c
DIFFICULTY: DIFFICULTY:
Difficult
REFERENCES: REFERENCES:
ClusterA PersonalityDisorders
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto studythemempirically OTHER:
TYPE:Applied
130.An individualwho goes throughlifeasa lonerwith no motivationto interact withothersbutwithrelativelynormal behavior andbelie andbeliefsislikely fsislikelyto to bediagnosedwith bediagnosedwith personalitydisorder. personalitydisorder. a. histrionic b. narcissistic narcissistic c. schizoid d. paranoid ANSWER: ANSWER:
c
DIFFICULTY: DIFFICULTY:
Easy
REFERENCES: REFERENCES:
ClusterA PersonalityDisorders
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto studythemempirically OTHER:
TYPE:Factual
131.Oneprevalentoutcome forindividualswithschizoidpersonalitydisorder is a. homelessness. b. drugabuse. drugabuse. c. eatingdisorders. eatingdisorders. d. anxiety. ANSWER: ANSWER:
a
DIFFICULTY: DIFFICULTY:
Moderate
REFERENCES: REFERENCES:
ClusterA PersonalityDisorders
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto studythemempirically OTHER:
TYPE:Factual
132.Accordingto theDSM-5, cluster A groupswhichof the followingpersonalitydisorders? a. Borderline,compulsive,psychotic b. Paranoid,schiz Paranoid,schizoid,schiz oid,schizotypal otypal
Full file at https://testbanku.eu/
c. Avoidant,dependent,obsessive-compulsive d. Antisocial,histrionic,narcissistic ANSWER: ANSWER:
b
DIFFICULTY: DIFFICULTY:
Moderate
REFERENCES: REFERENCES:
ClusterA PersonalityDisorders
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto studythemempirically OTHER:
TYPE:Factual
133.Patientsdiagnosedwith schizoidpersonalitydisorder a. oftenrequesttreatmentand generallymakeprogressquickly. b. oftenrequesttreatm oftenrequesttreatmentbutge entbutgenerallym nerallymake ake littleprogress. littleprogress. c. rarelyrequesttreatmentexceptinresponseto acrisis. d. rarelyrequesttreatmentbutgenerallymakeprogressquicklywhileintherapy. ANSWER: ANSWER:
c
DIFFICULTY: DIFFICULTY:
Moderate
REFERENCES: REFERENCES:
ClusterA PersonalityDisorders
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto studythemempirically OTHER:
TYPE:Factual
134. Individualswhoare sociallyisolated,behavein ways thatseemunusual,tendto besuspicious,andhave odd beliefs aregenerallydiagnosed aregenerallydia gnosed with personalitydisorder. personalit ydisorder. a. schizotypal b. schizoid schizoid c. paranoid d. multiple ANSWER: ANSWER:
a
DIFFICULTY: DIFFICULTY:
Moderate
REFERENCES: REFERENCES:
ClusterA PersonalityDisorders
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto studythemempirically OTHER:
TYPE:Factual
135. Individualswhohav Individualswhohavee “ideasofreferen “ideasofreference” ce” butwho sense sense thatthesebe thatthesebeliefsare liefsare probablyunrealistica probablyunrealisticaregenera regenerally lly diagnosedwith personalitydisorder. a. schizotypal b. paranoid c. antisocial d. histrionic ANSWER: ANSWER:
a
DIFFICULTY: DIFFICULTY:
Difficult
REFERENCES: REFERENCES:
ClusterA PersonalityDisorders
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto studythemempirically OTHER:
TYPE:Factual
136.Accordingto thetextbook, apossiblecauseofschizotypalpersonalitydisorder is a. genetic. b. environmental. environmental.
Full file at https://testbanku.eu/
c. brainabnormalities. d. all oftheabove ANSWER: ANSWER:
d
DIFFICULTY: DIFFICULTY:
Moderate
REFERENCES: REFERENCES:
ClusterA PersonalityDisorders
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA4.2.b-Accuratelyself-assessperformancequalitybyadheringto ABNO.DURA.16.APA4.2.b-Accuratelyself-assessperformancequalitybyadheringto externalstandards OTHER: TYPE:Factual NOTES:
NEW
137.Hidekihasbeen diagnosed with schizotypalpersonalitydisorderandhasbegun psychotherapy.Sinceheiswillingto undergoacombined treatmentapproach,theresult a. isexcellentsincemostpatientsseekingtreatmenteventuallyaresymptomfree. b. maybe maybe a reductionin reductionin symptomsorpos symptomsorpostponemen tponementofschiz tofschizophrenia. ophrenia. c. isexcellentonlyifheiswillingtotakemedication. d. ispoorsincemostpatientsgo on to developschizophrenia. ANSWER: ANSWER:
b
DIFFICULTY: DIFFICULTY:
Moderate
REFERENCES: REFERENCES:
ClusterA PersonalityDisorders
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA4.2.b-Accuratelyself-assessperformancequalitybyadheringto ABNO.DURA.16.APA4.2.b-Accuratelyself-assessperformancequalitybyadheringto externalstandards OTHER:
TYPE:Applied
138.Thepersonalitydisorderthatsharesmanysimilar symptomswithschizophreniais a. schizoid. b. paranoid. c. borderline. d. schizotypal. ANSWER: ANSWER:
d
DIFFICULTY: DIFFICULTY:
Moderate
REFERENCES: REFERENCES:
ClusterA PersonalityDisorders
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto studythemempirically OTHER:
TYPE:Factual
139.Accordingto thetextbook, themostlikelycauseofschizotypalpersonalitydisorderis a. poorparenting. b. socialmodeling. socialmodeling. c. biological. d. isolationduringchildhood. ANSWER: ANSWER:
c
DIFFICULTY: DIFFICULTY:
Moderate
REFERENCES: REFERENCES:
ClusterA PersonalityDisorders
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA4.2.b-Accuratelyself-assessperformancequalitybyadheringto ABNO.DURA.16.APA4.2.b-Accuratelyself-assessperformancequalitybyadheringto
externalstandards OTHER:
TYPE:Factual
Full file at https://testbanku.eu/
140.Asmanyas30 to 50%oftheindividualswith schizotypal personalitydisorder who requestclinicalhelpalso meet thecriteriafor a. obsessive-compulsivedisorder. b. substancedisorder substancedisorder.. c. anorexia. d. majordepressivedisorder. ANSWER: ANSWER:
d
DIFFICULTY: DIFFICULTY:
Moderate
REFERENCES: REFERENCES:
ClusterA PersonalityDisorders
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto studythemempirically OTHER:
TYPE:Factual
141.Mariehasahistoryofbeingarrestedforarsonandshows noremorseforherdestructiveactions;Marionhasa perfectlegalrecord, perfectlegalrecord, butoften manipulateshe manipulatesherfriends rfriends to getwhatshewantsa getwhatshewantsanddoesn nddoesn’’tfeelguiltwhenshehurtstheir feelings.Mariemostlikelyhas feelings.Mariemostli kelyhas ,whileMarionmostlikelyhas ,whileMarionmostl ikelyhas _. a. schizoidpersonalitydisorder;antisocialpersonalitydisorder b. antisocialperson antisocialpersonalitydisor alitydisorder; der; schizoidpersona schizoidpersonalitydisorde litydisorderr c. psychopathy;antisocialpersonalitydisorder d. antisocialpersonalitydisorder; psychopathy ANSWER: ANSWER:
d
DIFFICULTY: DIFFICULTY:
Difficult
REFERENCES: REFERENCES:
ClusterB PersonalityDisorders
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto studythemempirically OTHER:
TYPE:Applied
142.Stevestealsmoneyfromhis friends andfamily, lies to get whathewants,and oftenhurtsotherswithnosign ofguilt or remorse.Stevewould mostlikelybediagnosed mostlikelybediagnose d with personalitydisorder. personalityd isorder. a. paranoid b. histrionic histrionic c. antisocial d. narcissistic ANSWER: ANSWER:
c
DIFFICULTY: DIFFICULTY:
Easy
REFERENCES: REFERENCES:
ClusterB PersonalityDisorders
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto studythemempirically OTHER:
TYPE:Applied
143.Themostaccuratestatementregardingantisocialpersonalitydisorder andpsychopathyisthat they a. aresimilar inalmosteverywayexcept thatpsychopathsarecriminals. b. completelydiffere completelydifferentpopula ntpopulations. tions. c. overlapin some featuresbutnotall. d. arejustdifferentnames forthesame features. ANSWER: ANSWER:
c
DIFFICULTY: DIFFICULTY:
Moderate
REFERENCES: REFERENCES:
ClusterB PersonalityDisorders
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto studythemempirically OTHER:
TYPE:Factual
Full file at https://testbanku.eu/
144.Withwhichofthefollowingpersonalitydisordersisthetermpsychopathcloselyassociated? a. Schizotypal b. Schizoid Schizoid c. Paranoid d. Antisocial Antisocial ANSWER: ANSWER:
d
DIFFICULTY: DIFFICULTY:
Easy
REFERENCES: REFERENCES:
ClusterB PersonalityDisorders
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto studythemempirically OTHER:
TYPE:Factual
145.Onedifferencebetween apsychopathand aperson withantisocialpersonalitydisorderisthat diagnosingthepsychopath,but areused to diagnoseantisocialpersonalitydisorder. a. personality a. personality traits;observable traits;observablebehaviors behaviors
areusedin
b. observablebehav observablebehaviors;perso iors;personalitytrait nalitytraitss c. clinical judgments;objective testscores d. medicalcriteria;psychologicalassessments ANSWER: ANSWER:
a
DIFFICULTY: DIFFICULTY:
Difficult
REFERENCES: REFERENCES:
ClusterB PersonalityDisorders
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto studythemempirically OTHER:
TYPE:Conceptual
146. Anadultdiagnosedwith antisocial personalitydisorderismostlikelytohavemetthecriteriafor child. a. autism
asa
b. conductdisorder conductdisorder c. a learningdisability d. Attentiondeficit/hyperactivitydisorder ANSWER: ANSWER:
b
DIFFICULTY: DIFFICULTY:
Easy
REFERENCES: REFERENCES:
ClusterB PersonalityDisorders
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto studythemempirically OTHER:
TYPE:Factual
147.Rob isa13-year-old boywho hasbeenrepeatedlyarrestedfortheft andassault. In additiontoshopliftingandother theft, hehasbeen caughtstealingmoneyfromhisparents’ caughtstealingmoneyfromhisparent s’ walletsandhisyoungsister ’spiggybank. Robshows no guilt or remorse for themanyways thathehurtsothers.Rob’ thathehurtsothers.Rob’scurrentdiagnosisismostlikely a. antisocialpersonalitydisorder. b. attentiondeficithy attentiondeficithyperactiv peractivitydisorder. itydisorder. c. conductdisorder. d. narcissisticpersonalitydisorder. ANSWER: ANSWER:
c
DIFFICULTY: DIFFICULTY:
Moderate
REFERENCES: REFERENCES:
ClusterB PersonalityDisorders
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto studythemempirically
Full file at https://testbanku.eu/
OTHER:
TYPE:Applied
148.Theresearchexaminingthecauseofantisocialpersonalitydisorder suggeststhat a. theprimarycauseisgenetics. b. geneticsandenv geneticsandenvironment ironment interactto interacttocausethed causethedisorder. isorder. c. theprimarycauseispoorparenting. d. thereisnoevidenceofeitherageneticorenvironmentalcause. ANSWER: ANSWER:
b
DIFFICULTY: DIFFICULTY:
Moderate
REFERENCES: REFERENCES:
ClusterB PersonalityDisorders
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA4.2.b-Accuratelyself-assessperformancequalitybyadheringto ABNO.DURA.16.APA4.2.b-Accuratelyself-assessperformancequalitybyadheringto externalstandards OTHER:
TYPE:Factual
149.Accordingto theDSM-5, cluster B groupswhichof the followingpersonalitydisorders? a. Borderline,compulsive,psychotic b. Paranoid,schiz Paranoid,schizoid,schiz oid,schizotypal otypal c. Avoidant,dependent,obsessive-compulsive d. Antisocial,histrionic,narcissistic ANSWER: ANSWER:
d
DIFFICULTY: DIFFICULTY:
Difficult
REFERENCES: REFERENCES:
ClusterB PersonalityDisorders
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto studythemempirically OTHER:
TYPE:Factual
150.Whichofthefollowingare thetwomajortheories thathave beenproposedto explainantisocialpersonalitydisorder? a. Underarousal andfearlessness b. Underarousal Underarousal andshameles andshamelessness sness c. Overarousal andfearlessness d. Overarousal andshamelessness ANSWER: ANSWER:
a
DIFFICULTY: DIFFICULTY:
Difficult
REFERENCES: REFERENCES:
ClusterB PersonalityDisorders
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.2.a(3)-Read ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.2.a(3)-Read andsummarizegeneral ideasand conclusionsfrom psychologicalsource psychologicalsourcesaccu saccurately rately OTHER:
TYPE:Conceptual
151.Whichofthefollowingpreventionstrategieslookspromisingforchildren who areatriskforlater antisocial personalitydisorder? personalitydisorder? a. A trainingprogramforparentsoftoddlers(ages1½ to2½ years) b. A programfor programfor familieswith familieswith ahighdegreeoffam ahighdegreeoffamilydysfunction ilydysfunction c. A programfor familieswhereatleastoneparenthasahistoryofantisocialpersonalitydisorder d. Allof theabove ANSWER: ANSWER:
a
DIFFICULTY: DIFFICULTY:
Moderate
REFERENCES: REFERENCES:
ClusterB PersonalityDisorders
Full file at at https://testbanku.eu/ https://testbanku.eu/
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: OBJECTIVES: ABNO.DURA.16.APA4.2.b-Accuratelyself-assessperformancequalitybyadheringto externalstandards OTHER: OTHER:
TYPE:Factual
NOTES: NOTES:
NEW
152.Accordingto theunderarousalhypothesis,individualswithantisocialpersonalitydisordermayengage in their characteristic behaviorsasawayto a. dealwiththeir fears. b. providealevelofstim providealevelofstimulation ulation thatmostofusreceiv thatmostofusreceivefrommore efrommore typicalbehaviors. typicalbehaviors. c. provideasen c. provideasenseof seof relieffromthe relieffromthe feelingsofdepre feelingsofdepression ssion thattheyexpe thattheyexperiencewh riencewhen en theyare theyare nothighly nothighly aroused. d. reducethe generallyhigh levelofarousalthat theyfeel. ANSWER: ANSWER:
b
DIFFICULTY: DIFFICULTY:
Moderate
REFERENCES: REFERENCES:
ClusterB PersonalityDisorders
ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.2.a(3)-Read andsummarizegeneral ideasand conclusionsfrom LEARNING OBJECTIVES: OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.2.a(3)-Read psychologicalsource psychologicalsourcesaccu saccurately rately OTHER:
TYPE:Conceptual
153.Theconceptofthefearlessnesshypothesisofantisocialpersonalitydisorderis thatindividualswith thisdisorder a. learnto avoid punishment. b. havean havean underactivecorte underactivecortex. x. c. under-reacttothe threatofpunishment. d. havebrain damage thatinhibits theirabilityto understand theimplicationsoftheiractions. ANSWER: ANSWER:
c
DIFFICULTY: DIFFICULTY:
Moderate
REFERENCES: REFERENCES:
ClusterB PersonalityDisorders
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA4.2.b-Accuratelyself-assessperformancequalitybyadheringto ABNO.DURA.16.APA4.2.b-Accuratelyself-assessperformancequalitybyadheringto externalstandards OTHER:
TYPE:Conceptual
154.Oneprominenttheoryofantisocial personalitydisordersuggeststhatthebehaviorsarecausedbyan imbalance between thebrain’ thebrain ’s a. behavioral inhibition systemand fight-or-flightsystem. b. fight-or-flightsystem fight-or-flightsystemandrewardsy andrewardsystem. stem. c. cortical stimulationsystemandbehavioralinhibition system. d. behavioral inhibition systemand rewardsystem. ANSWER: ANSWER:
d
DIFFICULTY: DIFFICULTY:
Difficult
REFERENCES: REFERENCES:
ClusterB PersonalityDisorders
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.2.a(3)-Read ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.2.a(3)-Read andsummarizegeneral ideasand conclusionsfrom psychologicalsource psychologicalsourcesaccu saccurately rately OTHER:
TYPE:Factual
155.Ifyouhad absolutelyno conceptorfearoftheconsequencesofyouractions(foryourselforothers) andwereoverly motivatedbypleasing motivatedbypleasin g yourself,you yourself, you mightbehave likeapersonwith likeaperso nwith personalitydisorder. personalitydi sorder. a.antisocial
Full file at https://testbanku.eu/
b. narcissistic narcissistic c. histrionic d. schizotypal ANSWER: ANSWER:
a
DIFFICULTY: DIFFICULTY:
Easy
REFERENCES: REFERENCES:
ClusterB PersonalityDisorders
ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto studythemempirically LEARNING OBJECTIVES: OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto OTHER:
TYPE:Applied
156.Some researchwith psychopathssuggeststhatthese individualsare a. more likelyto quittryingassoonas failureappears imminent. b. less likelyto likelyto attemptdifficultg attemptdifficultgoals. oals. c. more likelyto keep tryingeven though failureiscertain. d. less likelyto bemotivatedtowardsagoal. ANSWER: ANSWER:
c
DIFFICULTY: DIFFICULTY:
Moderate
REFERENCES: REFERENCES:
ClusterB PersonalityDisorders
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto studythemempirically OTHER:
TYPE:Factual
157.Oneof thecontributingfactorsin thedevelopmental historyof individualswith antisocialpersonalitydisorder appearsto bethattheirparentsweremorelikelyto have utilized a. firmdiscipline. firmdiscipline. b. inconsistentdisc inconsistentdiscipline. ipline. c. anoverlyprotectiveparentingstyle. d. physical discipline. ANSWER: ANSWER:
b
DIFFICULTY: DIFFICULTY:
Moderate
REFERENCES: REFERENCES:
ClusterB PersonalityDisorders
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA4.2.b-Accuratelyself-assessperformancequalitybyadheringto ABNO.DURA.16.APA4.2.b-Accuratelyself-assessperformancequalitybyadheringto externalstandards OTHER:
TYPE:Conceptual
158.Thecriminalbehaviorof thosediagnosedwith antisocialpersonalitydisordertendsto a. continuetoincreasethroughout thelifespan. b. increasedrama increasedramaticallyat ticallyataboutag aboutage30. e30. c. declinesignificantlyaroundage40. d. remainstablethroughoutthe lifespan. ANSWER: ANSWER:
c
DIFFICULTY: DIFFICULTY:
Moderate
REFERENCES: REFERENCES:
ClusterB PersonalityDisorders
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto studythemempirically OTHER:
TYPE:Factual
159.Oneof themajorproblemswithtreatingpeoplewith personalitydisordersis a.theyrarelyidentifythemselvesasneedingtreatment.
Full file at https://testbanku.eu/
b. researchsuggests thatthedisordersarealmostentirelybased inbiologyand thereforedifficulttotreat interpersonally. c. personalitydisordersare sorare thatthereisverylittleresearchontheirtreatment. d. theyareextremelyunpredictableanddifficulttomanage in therapysessions. ANSWER: ANSWER:
a
DIFFICULTY: DIFFICULTY:
Moderate
REFERENCES: REFERENCES:
ClusterB PersonalityDisorders
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA4.2.b-Accuratelyself-assessperformancequalitybyadheringto ABNO.DURA.16.APA4.2.b-Accuratelyself-assessperformancequalitybyadheringto externalstandards OTHER:
TYPE:Factual
NOTES:
NEW
160.Whichofthefollowingisan accuratestatementregardingthetreatmentofantisocialpersonalitydisorderand related antisocialbehaviors? a. Patientsaregenerallywillingparticipantsin their therapy. b. Mostpatientsrefe Mostpatientsreferr themselves themselves for treatmen treatmentbecause tbecause theyrecognizethatthe theyrecognizethattheyhave yhave aproblem. aproblem. c. Therehasbeen greatersuccessinreducingantisocialbehaviorinchildren thaninadults. d. Therapy issuccessfulin abouthalfofthecasestreated. ANSWER: ANSWER:
c
DIFFICULTY: DIFFICULTY:
Easy
REFERENCES: REFERENCES:
ClusterB PersonalityDisorders
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA4.2.b-Accuratelyself-assessperformancequalitybyadheringto ABNO.DURA.16.APA4.2.b-Accuratelyself-assessperformancequalitybyadheringto externalstandards OTHER:
TYPE:Factual
161.Accordingto theDSM-5, the featuresofantisocial personalitydisorder include a. instancesofphysicalcrueltyto animals. b. anattitudeofentit anattitudeofentitlementto lementtoward ward fulfillingexpecta fulfillingexpectations. tions. c. ademonstrated impulsivityor failure toplan ahead. d. episodesofinappropriate, intenseanger. ANSWER: ANSWER:
c
DIFFICULTY: DIFFICULTY:
Easy
REFERENCES: REFERENCES:
ClusterB PersonalityDisorders
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto studythemempirically OTHER:
TYPE:Factual
162.Lennyis25 yearsoldandhashadmultiplearrestsforassaults,theft,anddruguse. Hehashurtstrangers,friends,and familyandhasnevershown anyremorseorregret.Followinghislastarrest,Lenny metwithasocialworker who told him aboutantisocialpersonalitydisorder;heisnowconvincedthatthati s“what s“what’’swrong” swrong”withhim. Lennyrecently wenttoa localcommunitymentalhealth centerandaskedto betreatedbyapsychotherapist.Theproblemwiththisstoryis that a. individualswith antisocialpersonalitydisorderdo notgenerallyseektreatment. b. Lennyhasmisdiag Lennyhasmisdiagnosed nosed himself,sinceh himself,sincehisbehav isbehaviorsarem iorsaremore ore typicalofconduc typicalofconductdisorder. tdisorder. c. thedrugusedoesnotfit thepatternofantisocialpersonalitydisorder. d. thedescriptiondoesnotfitany knownpersonalitydisorder.
ANSWER: ANSWER:
a
DIFFICULTY: DIFFICULTY:
Moderate
REFERENCES: REFERENCES:
ClusterB PersonalityDisorders
Full file at https://testbanku.eu/
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: OBJECTIVES: ABNO.DURA.16.APA4.2.b-Accuratelyself-assessperformancequalitybyadheringto externalstandards OTHER: OTHER:
TYPE:Applied
163. Whichofthefollowingstatements istrueaboutborderlinepersonalitydisorder? a. It isobserved in everycultureandseenin about5%ofthepopulation. b. Emotionaldysfunc Emotionaldysfunctionisoneo tionisoneofthebestpred fthebestpredictorsofsuic ictorsofsuicideinthisg ideinthisgroup. roup. c. Long-termoutcomesarediscouraging,withmanyrelapsingwithinfiveyears. d. A high number, almost12%,succeedatsuicide. ANSWER: ANSWER:
b
DIFFICULTY: DIFFICULTY:
Difficult
REFERENCES: REFERENCES:
ClusterB PersonalityDisorders
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto studythemempirically OTHER:
TYPE:Factual
NOTES:
NEW
164.Thepersonalitydisordercharacterizedbyextreme instabilityin behaviorandemotion, impulsivity,depression, and selfinjuriousbehaviorsis personalitydisorder. a. narcissistic b. borderline c. dependent d. histrionic ANSWER: ANSWER:
b
DIFFICULTY: DIFFICULTY:
Easy
REFERENCES: REFERENCES:
ClusterB PersonalityDisorders
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto studythemempirically OTHER:
TYPE:Factual
165. Nicolehasdifficultymaintainingrelationshipsbecauseshegoesbackandforthfrombeingabest friend to hating people inher life.Herromantic relationships arealwayscharacterizedbyincredible lovingpassionalternating with episodes ofhorriblefighting, andsometimesshebecomesviolent.Attimes,Nicolebecomes so upset thatshecutsherself andreportsthatthismakesherfeelbetteremotio andreportst hatthismakesherfeelbetteremotionally. nally. Nicolesuffersfrom Nicolesuffer sfrom personalitydisorder. personalityd isorder. a. dependent b. histrionic histrionic c. borderline d. narcissistic ANSWER: ANSWER:
c
DIFFICULTY: DIFFICULTY:
Moderate
REFERENCES: REFERENCES:
ClusterB PersonalityDisorders
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto studythemempirically OTHER:
TYPE:Applied
166.Allofthefollowingare common disorders thattend tobecomorbid withborderlinepersonalitydisorderEXCEPT
a. depression. b. substanceabuse. substanceabuse. c. bulimia.
Full file at https://testbanku.eu/
d.obsessive-compulsivedisorder. ANSWER: ANSWER: d DIFFICULTY: DIFFICULTY:
Moderate
REFERENCES: REFERENCES:
ClusterB PersonalityDisorders PersonalityDisorde rs
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: OBJECTIVES: ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeprobl ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Des cribeproblemsoperationallyto emsoperationallyto studythemempirically studythemempir ically OTHER: OTHER:
TYPE:Factual
167.Theapproximatepercentageof individualsdiagnosedwith borderlinepersonalitydisorderwho alsohave asubstance relateddisorder relateddisord er isalmost % a. 10 b. 40 c. 70 d. 100 ANSWER: ANSWER:
c
DIFFICULTY: DIFFICULTY:
Difficult
REFERENCES: REFERENCES:
ClusterB PersonalityDisorders
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto studythemempirically OTHER:
TYPE:Factual
168.Oneof the influences thathasbeenassociatedwith thedevelopmentofborderlinepersonalitydisorder is a. ahistoryofchildabuseorneglect. b. adevelopme adevelopmentaldelay ntaldelayfor for majormilestones(i. majormilestones(i.e.,walk e.,walking, ing, talking). talking). c. parentalalcoholism. d. deficitsin neurotransmitter circuitsinvolvingdopamine. ANSWER: ANSWER:
a
DIFFICULTY: DIFFICULTY:
Moderate
REFERENCES: REFERENCES:
ClusterB PersonalityDisorders
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA4.2.b-Accuratelyself-assessperformancequalitybyadheringto ABNO.DURA.16.APA4.2.b-Accuratelyself-assessperformancequalitybyadheringto externalstandards OTHER:
TYPE:Factual
169. Whenpresented withwordsprojectedonacomputerscreen, individualswith borderlinepersonalitydisorderare more likelythanindividualswithoutthedisorder to remember theword a. celebrate. b. abandon. abandon. c. death. d. charming. ANSWER: ANSWER:
b
DIFFICULTY: DIFFICULTY:
Difficult
REFERENCES: REFERENCES:
ClusterB PersonalityDisorders
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto studythemempirically OTHER:
TYPE:Factual
170.Childhoodtraumaasacauseofborderlinepersonalitydisordermaybe too simplisticanexplanationbecause a. therearetoo manyneurologicaldeficitsthatarenotedin borderlinepersonalitydisorderpatients. b. individualswith individualswith borderlinepe borderlinepersonalitydiso rsonalitydisordertend rdertend torespondto torespondto SSRIm SSRImedications edications..
Full file at https://testbanku.eu/
c. mostindividualsdiagnosedwithborderlinepersonalitydisorderarefemale. d. asignificant percentageof individualsdiagnosed withborderlinepersonalitydisorderdonothaveahistoryof childhoodtrauma. ANSWER: ANSWER:
d
DIFFICULTY: DIFFICULTY:
Difficult
REFERENCES: REFERENCES:
ClusterB PersonalityDisorders
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA4.2.b-Accuratelyself-assessperformancequalitybyadheringto ABNO.DURA.16.APA4.2.b-Accuratelyself-assessperformancequalitybyadheringto externalstandards OTHER:
TYPE:Conceptual
171.Whichofthefollowingis themost likelymodelto explainthecauseofborderlinepersonalitydisorder? a. Biological b. Early trauma resultingin posttraumaticstressdisordersymptoms thatarenotrecognizedordealtwithduring childhood c. Stressful lifeevents d. Biologicalpredisposition interacting withlifeeventssuchaschildhoodtraumaandlaterlifestressors ANSWER: ANSWER:
d
DIFFICULTY: DIFFICULTY:
Moderate
REFERENCES: REFERENCES:
ClusterB PersonalityDisorders
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA4.2.b-Accuratelyself-assessperformancequalitybyadheringto ABNO.DURA.16.APA4.2.b-Accuratelyself-assessperformancequalitybyadheringto externalstandards OTHER:
TYPE:Conceptual
172.Researchregardingpsychological treatmentforborderlinepersonalitydisordersuggeststhat helpful inimprovingmood andreducingsuicidaland self-injuriousbehaviors. a. dialectical behaviortherapy
appearsto be
b. cognitivetherapy cognitivetherapy c. operantconditioning d. nothing ANSWER: ANSWER:
a
DIFFICULTY: DIFFICULTY:
Moderate
REFERENCES: REFERENCES:
ClusterB PersonalityDisorders
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA4.2.b-Accuratelyself-assessperformancequalitybyadheringto ABNO.DURA.16.APA4.2.b-Accuratelyself-assessperformancequalitybyadheringto externalstandards OTHER:
TYPE:Factual
173.Thepsychological treatmentthathasbeen foundto have significant effectivenessin helpingpatientswith borderline personalitydisordercen personalitydisordercenterson terson a. regressingpatientstothetime in theirliveswhentheyexperiencedtrauma. b. removingthe removingthe reinforcingattentionth reinforcingattentionthattheyhav attheyhavee received received fortheirdisorderedb fortheirdisorderedbehavio ehaviorr inthepast. c. enrollingthemin a12-stepprogramsuch asAlcoholics Anonymous. d. learningtocope with lifestressors inamoreeffectivemanner. ANSWER: ANSWER:
d
DIFFICULTY: DIFFICULTY:
Difficult
REFERENCES: REFERENCES:
ClusterB PersonalityDisorders
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA4.2.b-Accuratelyself-assessperformancequalitybyadheringto ABNO.DURA.16.APA4.2.b-Accuratelyself-assessperformancequalitybyadheringto externalstandards
Full file at https://testbanku.eu/
OTHER:
TYPE:Conceptual
174. Individualswhooverreact toeverythingandareoverlydramaticandvain aremostlikelyto bediagnosedwith personalitydisorder. personalitydisorder. a. borderline b. histrionic histrionic c. narcissistic d. dependent ANSWER: ANSWER:
b
DIFFICULTY: DIFFICULTY:
Easy
REFERENCES: REFERENCES:
ClusterB PersonalityDisorders
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto studythemempirically OTHER:
TYPE:Factual
175.Amyquicklybecomes thecenterofattention when sheentersa room.She isa tallandattractiveyoungwomanwho generally wearssomethingstriking.Amyisknown asa flirtand actsinaseductivemanneraround men.When Amy speaks,sheusesveryexaggeratedterms,even whendescribing relativelyordinarysituations.Amy’ relativelyordinarysituations.Amy ’sdiagnosisismost likely personalitydisorder. personalitydisorder. a. histrionic b. narcissistic narcissistic c. borderline d. dependent ANSWER: ANSWER:
a
DIFFICULTY: DIFFICULTY:
Easy
REFERENCES: REFERENCES:
ClusterB PersonalityDisorders
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto studythemempirically OTHER:
TYPE:Applied
176.WhenAxelarrives late forclass,hewalks in withagrandentranceandapologizes to theprofessor andthe students in class.Heproceedstotellthemhehadeveryintentionofbeingatclasson time,butthetrafficwasterribleand many accidentsoccurred, which delayedhim.Axeldescribesthis in much exaggerateddetailbeforehetakeshisseat.This commonlyhappenseverytimehe is late.Axelcould bediagnosed withwhich personalitydisorder? a. Histrionic b. Narcissistic Narcissistic c. Borderline d. Borderline ANSWER: ANSWER:
a
DIFFICULTY: DIFFICULTY:
Easy
REFERENCES: REFERENCES:
ClusterB PersonalityDisorders
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto studythemempirically OTHER:
TYPE:Applied
177.Accordingto your text, themostaccuratestatementregardingthetreatmentofhistrionicpersonalitydisorder isthat a. therearenoscientificstudiesdemonstratingsuccess.
b. patientswho patientswho voluntarilyatt voluntarilyattend end therapytendto therapytendto getbetter. getbetter. c. strictbehavioralprogramshavebeen shown tobeeffectivein scientificresearch. d. cognitivetherapyismosteffective.
Full file at at https://testbanku.eu/ https://testbanku.eu/
ANSWER: ANSWER:
a
DIFFICULTY: DIFFICULTY:
Moderate
REFERENCES: REFERENCES:
ClusterB PersonalityDisorders PersonalityDisorde rs
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: OBJECTIVES: ABNO.DURA.16.APA4.2.b-Accuratelyself-assessperformancequalitybyadheringto externalstandards OTHER: OTHER:
TYPE:Factual
178.Oneof thelikelyproblemsa therapistmayencounterwhiletryingto help apatientwith histrionicpersonality disorderis thepatient’ thepatient’s a. unwillingnesstoadmitthere isaproblem. b. useof threatening threateninglanguag language. e. c. lackofintellectualabilitynecessarytosucceedintherapy. d. manipulativeuseofcrying,charm,orseductivebehavior. ANSWER: ANSWER:
d
DIFFICULTY: DIFFICULTY:
Difficult
REFERENCES: REFERENCES:
ClusterB PersonalityDisorders
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA4.2.b-Accuratelyself-assessperformancequalitybyadheringto ABNO.DURA.16.APA4.2.b-Accuratelyself-assessperformancequalitybyadheringto externalstandards OTHER:
TYPE:Conceptual
179.Narcissisticpersonalitydisorderischaracterizedby a. preoccupationwith otherpeople. b. obsession with keepingthing keepingthingsneatand sneatand orderly. orderly. c. thinkingofoneselfasdeservingofspecial treatment. d. pathologicaldishonesty. ANSWER: ANSWER:
c
DIFFICULTY: DIFFICULTY:
Easy
REFERENCES: REFERENCES:
ClusterB PersonalityDisorders
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto studythemempirically OTHER:
TYPE:Factual
180.Peoplewith narcissisticpersonalitydisorderdisplayallof the followingcharacteristics EXCEPT a. exploitationofothers. b. happinessbecaus happinessbecausetheyrece etheyreceive ive theadulationofo theadulationofothers. thers. c. demands forspecialattention. d. feelingsofgrandiosity. ANSWER: ANSWER:
b
DIFFICULTY: DIFFICULTY:
Moderate
REFERENCES: REFERENCES:
ClusterB PersonalityDisorders
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto studythemempirically OTHER:
TYPE:Conceptual
NOTES:
NEW
181.Whichofthefollowingstatements istrueaboutnarcissisticpersonalitydisorder? a. Thisdisorderisonthedecline inWesternsocieties. b. Reportsoftreatm Reportsoftreatmentsucce entsuccessare ssare limited. limited.
Full file at https://testbanku.eu/
c. Recentlytherehasbeen agreatdealofresearchonthisdisorder. d. Allof theabove ANSWER: ANSWER:
b
DIFFICULTY: DIFFICULTY:
Moderate
REFERENCES: REFERENCES:
ClusterB PersonalityDisorders
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto studythemempirically OTHER:
TYPE:Factual
NOTES:
NEW
182.Vinceisextremelyimpressedwithhimself.Although hehasonlyachievedamoderateamountofsuccess,hethinks ofhimselfasbeinguniquelyspecialanddeservingofthe bestofeverything.Vince fantasizesfrequentlyaboutgreat wealthandfameanddoesnotreallypaymuch attention to otherpeopleexcepttonotehowtheyreacttohim. Vincewould mostlikelybe diagnosed with personalitydisorder. personalitydis order. a. antisocial b. histrionic histrionic c. narcissistic d. dependent ANSWER: ANSWER:
c
DIFFICULTY: DIFFICULTY:
Easy
REFERENCES: REFERENCES:
ClusterB PersonalityDisorders
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto studythemempirically OTHER:
TYPE:Applied
183.One reasonwhyindividuals with narcissisticpersonalitydisorder tendto becomedepressedattimesisthatthey a. becomeupsetwhentheirintimaterelationships fail. b. seldomliveuptotheirun seldomliveuptotheirunrealistic realisticexpecta expectationsof tionsof themselve themselves. s. c. areoverlysensitive tothepain ofothers. d. don’ don’t thinktheywillachievesuccess inlife. ANSWER: ANSWER:
b
DIFFICULTY: DIFFICULTY:
Moderate
REFERENCES: REFERENCES:
ClusterB PersonalityDisorders
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto studythemempirically OTHER:
TYPE:Conceptual
184.Whichofthefollowingstatements istrue? a. Recent researchisrefiningthesearchforgenes thatcauseantisocialpersonalitydisorder. b. Recent Recent researchon researchon braindam braindamage age indicatesthatbrain indicatesthatbrain damage damage is foundin psychopaths. psychopaths. c. Recent researchon neuropsychological testsindicatesthatpsychopathsscoreequallyaswellas nonpsychopaths. d. Noneoftheabove istrue. ANSWER: ANSWER:
b
DIFFICULTY: DIFFICULTY:
Difficult
REFERENCES: REFERENCES:
ClusterB PersonalityDisorders
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA4.2.b-Accuratelyself-assessperformancequalitybyadheringto ABNO.DURA.16.APA4.2.b-Accuratelyself-assessperformancequalitybyadheringto externalstandards OTHER: TYPE:Factual
Full file at https://testbanku.eu/
185.Whichofthefollowingstatements accuratelydescribestreatment fornarcissisticpersonalitydisorder? a. Narcissisticpersonallydisorder treatmentisoftencombinedwithtreatmentforseveredepressiveepisodes. b. The treatmentisof treatmentisoftenfocused tenfocusedonthepatien onthepatientt ’sgrandiosityandhypersensitivity. c. Cognitive therapy aimedatreplacingthepatient’ aimedatreplacingthepatien t’shedonisticfantasieswith shedonisticfantasieswith day-to-daypleasurable experiencesthataretrulyattainableareafocusof thetreatment. d. Allof these ANSWER: ANSWER:
d
DIFFICULTY: DIFFICULTY:
Moderate
REFERENCES: REFERENCES:
ClusterB PersonalityDisorders
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA4.2.b-Accuratelyself-assessperformancequalitybyadheringto ABNO.DURA.16.APA4.2.b-Accuratelyself-assessperformancequalitybyadheringto externalstandards OTHER:
TYPE:Factual
186.Allofthefollowingare mentionedin yourtextasappropriatetreatmentstrategies fornarcissisticpersonalitydisorder EXCEPT a. cognitivetherapyto replacegrandiosefantasieswith morerealisticgoals. b. copingstrategiesto copingstrategiesto helpacc helpaccept ept criticism. criticism. c. explorationofearlylifetrauma thatled to thedisorder. d. beinghelpedto focuson the feelingsofothers. ANSWER: ANSWER:
c
DIFFICULTY: DIFFICULTY:
Easy
REFERENCES: REFERENCES:
ClusterB PersonalityDisorders
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA4.2.b-Accuratelyself-assessperformancequalitybyadheringto ABNO.DURA.16.APA4.2.b-Accuratelyself-assessperformancequalitybyadheringto externalstandards OTHER: TYPE:Factual 187.Thereasonthat individuals with avoidantpersonalitydisorderavoidmostrelationshipsis thatthey a. areextremelysensitiveto the opinionsofothersandfearrejection. b. generallydislike generallydislikeotherpeople otherpeopleandprefer andpreferto to bealone. bealone. c. areso stimulatedbythefantasylifeintheirown mindsthat theyhave littleneedfor thecompanyofothers. d. experiencebizarre thoughtsandbeliefsthatdistancethemfromothers. ANSWER: ANSWER:
a
REFERENCES: REFERENCES:
ClusterC PersonalityDisorders
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto studythemempirically OTHER:
TYPE:Conceptual
188.Withoutunderstandingthe thoughtprocessmotivatingthepatient’ thoughtprocessmotivatingthepatient ’sbehavior,itwould probablybe impossibleto determinewhetherapatienthad determinewhetherap atienthad personalitydi sorderor personalitydisorderor personalitydisorder. personalit ydisorder. a. narcissistic; antisocial b. dependent;narc dependent;narcissistic issistic c. borderline;histrionic d. schizoid;avoidant ANSWER: ANSWER:
d
REFERENCES: REFERENCES:
ClusterC PersonalityDisorders
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto studythemempirically OTHER:
TYPE:Conceptual
Full file at https://testbanku.eu/
189. Individualswho keepto themselvesbecausetheyareanxiousandfearfulofrejectionarelikelytobediagnosed with personalitydisorder. personalitydisorder. a. avoidant b. schizoid schizoid c. schizotypal d. antisocial ANSWER: ANSWER:
a
REFERENCES: REFERENCES:
ClusterC PersonalityDisorders
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto studythemempirically OTHER:
TYPE:Conceptual
190.Whenaskedabout theirchildhood,individualsdiagnosed withavoidantpersonalitydisordertendto remember their parentsas a. warmand loving. b. substanceabusin substanceabusing. g. c. rejecting. d. depressed. ANSWER: ANSWER:
c
REFERENCES: REFERENCES:
ClusterC PersonalityDisorders
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto studythemempirically OTHER:
TYPE:Factual
191.Ofthefollowing, themostaccuratestatementwith regardtothetreatmentofavoidantpersonalitydisorderis that a. nowell-controlledstudiesoftreatmentoutcomeshave been conducted. b. therearewelltherearewell-controlleds controlledstudies, tudies, though though noneshowanytr noneshowanytreatme eatment nt success. c. individualswith thisdisorderareseldomsufficientlymotivatedtosucceedintreatment. d. behavioral interventionprogramsforanxietyandsocialskillshavehadsomesuccess. ANSWER: ANSWER:
d
DIFFICULTY: DIFFICULTY:
Moderate
REFERENCES: REFERENCES:
ClusterC PersonalityDisorders
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA4.2.b-Accuratelyself-assessperformancequalitybyadheringto ABNO.DURA.16.APA4.2.b-Accuratelyself-assessperformancequalitybyadheringto externalstandards OTHER: TYPE:Factual 192. InJill’ InJill’spsychotherapysessions, the therapisthasbeen usingsystematicdesensitizationto graduallymakehermore comfortablewithsocialsituations.Similar tothetreatmentsusedfor individualswith socialphobia, the therapisthas givenJill homeworkassignments thatrequireherto practicetalkingtostrangers,join informalgroups,and speakin front ofsmallgroups.Mostlikely,she ofsmallgroups. Mostlikely,she isbeing treatedfor personalitydisorder. personalitydi sorder. a. avoidant b. dependent dependent c. Antisocial d. histrionic ANSWER: ANSWER:
a
DIFFICULTY: DIFFICULTY:
Moderate
REFERENCES: REFERENCES:
ClusterC PersonalityDisorders
Full file at https://testbanku.eu/
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: OBJECTIVES: ABNO.DURA.16.APA4.2.b-Accuratelyself-assessperformancequalitybyadheringto externalstandards OTHER: OTHER:
TYPE:Applied
193.Thepersonalitydisordercharacterizedbyunreasonablefearofabandonment,fearofbeingrejected,avoidanceof disagreement, inabilitytomakedecisions inabilityt omakedecisions foroneself,andclingingbehaviori foroneself,and clingingbehavioriss personalitydisorder. personalitydi sorder. a. dependent b. avoidant avoidant c. schizoid d. histrionic ANSWER: ANSWER:
a
REFERENCES: REFERENCES:
ClusterC PersonalityDisorders
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto studythemempirically OTHER:
TYPE:Factual
194.Haroldliveswith hismotherwith whomhe isverycloseandagreeswitheverythingshesays.Whenhestartedseeing ayoungwomanand therelationshipbecameserious,hismotherconvincedhimthathisgirlfriendwasnotgood enough forhim, so Harold stoppedtherelationship.Hehastwo closefriendswhohave been hisfriend sincetheymetin kindergarten.Whenevertheydo something, itisalwaysoneofhisfriendswho decideswhat theydo. Haroldjust follows along. Haroldlikelysuffersfrom personalitydisorder. a. dependent b. avoidant avoidant c. schizoid d. histrionic ANSWER: ANSWER:
a
REFERENCES: REFERENCES:
ClusterC PersonalityDisorders
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto studythemempirically OTHER:
TYPE:Applied
NOTES:
NEW
195. Maryhasbeen married for20 yearsanddescribeshowherhusbandhasbeen verballyabusivetowardher formostof thattime.She indicates thatherhusbandhashadmultipleaffairswith otherwomenbutshecan ’tleavehimbecauseshe “lovesandneedshim.”When lovesandneedshim.”When challengedbytheinterviewerregardingthewisdomofstayingwithsuchaman, ch allengedbytheinterviewerregardingthewisdomofstayingwithsuchaman, Mary agreeswiththeinterviewer,although shelaterconfidesthatshealwaysagreeswith everyone to avoidconflictand disapproval.Maryshould disapproval. Maryshould bediagnosedwith personalitydisorder. personalityd isorder. a. avoidant b. histrionic histrionic c. dependent d. borderline ANSWER: ANSWER:
c
REFERENCES: REFERENCES:
ClusterC PersonalityDisorders
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto studythemempirically OTHER:
TYPE:Applied
196. In termsof feelingsofinadequacy,sensitivityto criticism,andneed forreassurance,individuals with
personalitydisorderand personalitydisorderand a. dependent;avoidant b. dependent;schiz dependent;schizoid oid
personalitydisordera personalitydisorderare re quitesimilar. quitesimilar.
Full file at https://testbanku.eu/
c. schizoid;avoidant d. histrionic; antisocial ANSWER: ANSWER:
a
REFERENCES: REFERENCES:
ClusterC PersonalityDisorders
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto studythemempirically OTHER:
TYPE:Conceptual
197. Individualswhohave excessivefeelingsofsocialinadequacy,sensitivityto criticism,andaneedforreassuranceare likelytodevelop either personalitydisorderor personalitydi sorderor personalitydisorder. personalitydis order. a. narcissistic; antisocial b. dependent;narc dependent;narcissistic issistic c. avoidant;dependent d. antisocial;histrionic ANSWER: ANSWER:
c
DIFFICULTY: DIFFICULTY:
Difficult
REFERENCES: REFERENCES:
ClusterC PersonalityDisorders
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto studythemempirically OTHER:
TYPE:Conceptual
198.Accordingto your text, treatmentofdependentpersonalitydisorderis a. generallysuccessfulwithacognitive-behavioral approach. b. well researche researched,though d,though no effectivetreatm effectivetreatmentshave entshave been established. established. c. successfulwhenbased on systematicdesensitizationand socialskillstraining. d. problematicbecausethepatient’ problematicbecausethepatient ’ssubmissivenessoften negatesoneofthe majorgoalsofthetherapy. ANSWER: ANSWER:
d
DIFFICULTY: DIFFICULTY:
Easy
REFERENCES: REFERENCES:
ClusterC PersonalityDisorders
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA4.2.b-Accuratelyself-assessperformancequalitybyadheringto ABNO.DURA.16.APA4.2.b-Accuratelyself-assessperformancequalitybyadheringto externalstandards OTHER:
TYPE:Factual
199. Whenindividualswithdependent personalitydisorder are intherapy, theyare a. seemingly“ seemingly“model”p model”patients. atients. b. resistant resistant tothetherapeuticp tothetherapeuticprocess. rocess. c. toounstableto do the intellectualworkthattherapy requires. d. demandingand impulsive. ANSWER: ANSWER:
a
DIFFICULTY: DIFFICULTY:
Moderate
REFERENCES: REFERENCES:
ClusterC PersonalityDisorders
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA4.2.b-Accuratelyself-assessperformancequalitybyadheringto ABNO.DURA.16.APA4.2.b-Accuratelyself-assessperformancequalitybyadheringto externalstandards OTHER:
TYPE:Factual
200.Whenworkingwithapatientdiagnosedwith dependentpersonalitydisorder,thetherapistmustbeparticularly carefulthatthepatientdoesnot a. takeover theagendaofthesessions. b. become become inconsistentin inconsistentin attendingsession attendingsessions. s.
Full file at https://testbanku.eu/
c. manipulate thetherapistbybeingoverlydramatic. d. becomeoverlydependenton thetherapist. ANSWER: ANSWER:
d
DIFFICULTY: DIFFICULTY:
Easy
REFERENCES: REFERENCES:
ClusterC PersonalityDisorders
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA4.2.b-Accuratelyself-assessperformancequalitybyadheringto ABNO.DURA.16.APA4.2.b-Accuratelyself-assessperformancequalitybyadheringto externalstandards OTHER: TYPE:Factual 201.Helenhasbeen intherapywithDr.Blockfordependentpersonalitydisorder forthepast threeyears.When shefirst came to therapy, shewasinan abusivemarriageand complainedthatheradultchildrentreatedherpoorlyand thatpeople in herlif e“walkedalloverher e“walkedalloverher .”Helenhasattendedtherapyreligiously,beena .”Helenhasattendedtherapyreligiously,beena “model”pa model”patient, tient, and generallydone everythingthatDr. Blockhassuggested.At thistimein herlife,sheisdivorced, moreassertivewithher children,and generallyfeelingbetteraboutherself.Hercurrent therapysessionsareoftencenteredon everydaydecisionsforwhich she anxiouslyseeksDr. Block’ Block’sadvice.Themostappropriatenexttherapystepis sadvice.Themostappropriatenexttherapystepis a. immediatetermination. b. workingto workingto reduceHelen reduceHelen’’srelianceon Dr. Block. c. abehavioralplan to increaseHelen’ increaseHelen ’ssocialization. d. explorationoftheissuesthatmadeHelen seektherapyinitially. ANSWER: ANSWER:
b
DIFFICULTY: DIFFICULTY:
Difficult
REFERENCES: REFERENCES:
ClusterC PersonalityDisorders
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA4.2.b-Accuratelyself-assessperformancequalitybyadheringto ABNO.DURA.16.APA4.2.b-Accuratelyself-assessperformancequalitybyadheringto externalstandards OTHER:
TYPE:Applied
202.Accordingto theDSM-5, the featuresofdependentpersonalitydisorder include a. difficultyexpressingdisagreement. b. anattitudeofentit anattitudeofentitlementto lementtoward ward fulfillingexpecta fulfillingexpectations. tions. c. beingeasilyinfluencedbyothersorcircumstances. d. episodesofinappropriate, intenseanger. ANSWER: ANSWER:
a
DIFFICULTY: DIFFICULTY:
Easy
REFERENCES: REFERENCES:
ClusterC PersonalityDisorders
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto studythemempirically OTHER:
TYPE:Factual
203.Thepersonalitydisorderthatischaracterizedby an insistencethat thingshave to bedon e“therightway e“therightway”” is personalitydisorder. personalitydisorder. a. antisocial b. avoidant avoidant c. paranoid d. obsessive-compulsive ANSWER: ANSWER:
d
DIFFICULTY: DIFFICULTY:
Easy
REFERENCES: REFERENCES:
ClusterC PersonalityDisorders
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto studythemempirically
Full file at https://testbanku.eu/
OTHER:
TYPE:Factual
204.Arecenttheorysuggeststhatthe psychologicalprofilesofmanyserialkillerspoint totheroleofwhich psychologicaldisorde psychologicaldisorder? r? a. Schizophrenia b. Antisocialperson Antisocialpersonalitydisor alitydisorder der c. Delusionaldisorder d. Obsessive-compulsivepersonalitydisorder ANSWER: ANSWER:
d
DIFFICULTY: DIFFICULTY:
Difficult
REFERENCES: REFERENCES:
ClusterC PersonalityDisorders
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA4.2.b-Accuratelyself-assessperformancequalitybyadheringto ABNO.DURA.16.APA4.2.b-Accuratelyself-assessperformancequalitybyadheringto externalstandards OTHER:
TYPE:Conceptual
NOTES:
NEW
205. Ofthefollowing, themostaccuratestatementregardingthecauseofobsessive-compulsivepersonalitydisorderis thatitappearsto a. haveaweak geneticcontribution tothedisorder. b. be found inthoseindividualswith inthoseindividualswithastrongpredi astrongpredisposition sposition towardstructureinthe towardstructureintheirlives. irlives. c. requireparentalreinforcementofconformityandneatness. d. all oftheabove. ANSWER: ANSWER:
d
DIFFICULTY: DIFFICULTY:
Moderate
REFERENCES: REFERENCES:
ClusterC PersonalityDisorders
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA4.2.b-Accuratelyself-assessperformancequalitybyadheringto ABNO.DURA.16.APA4.2.b-Accuratelyself-assessperformancequalitybyadheringto externalstandards OTHER:
TYPE:Factual
NOTES:
NEW
206.Henryisviewed bymanyasaworkaholicandnotverysocial.Heisathisdeskevery morningat7:30a.m. and takesfew breaks(although breaks(although thesebreak thesebreaksarealway sarealwaysatthesam satthesamee timeeveryday).He timeeveryday).Henryisknown nryisknown to beaperfectionist.The beaperfectionist.The problem isthathedoesnotseemto getmuch accomplished,sincehespends somuch timemakingsure thateverythingisperfect beforemovingon beforemovingon to thenextta thenexttask. sk. Henryappearsto Henryappearsto sufferfrom sufferfrom ____ personalitydisorde personalitydisorder. r. a. avoidant b. obsessive-com obsessive-compulsive pulsive c. schizoid d. antisocial ANSWER: ANSWER:
b
DIFFICULTY: DIFFICULTY:
Easy
REFERENCES: REFERENCES:
ClusterC PersonalityDisorders
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto studythemempirically OTHER:
TYPE:Applied
207.Oneof themajordifferencesbetween individuals withobsessive-compulsivepersonalitydisorder andobsessive-
compulsivedisorderisthatpatientswiththepersonalitydisordergenerally a.havemoreobsessive thoughts.
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b. show morecompulsiv morecompulsiveandritualis eandritualisticbehav ticbehaviors. iors. c. donothave obsessive thoughtsandcompulsivebehaviors. d. havemore insightintotheirproblems ANSWER: ANSWER:
c
DIFFICULTY: DIFFICULTY:
Moderate
REFERENCES: REFERENCES:
ClusterC PersonalityDisorders
ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto studythemempirically LEARNING OBJECTIVES: OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto OTHER:
TYPE:Factual
208.Oneunusualfindingdiscussedin yourtextisthat behavior ofseverals ofseveralserialkil erialkillers. lers. a. narcissistic
personalitydisorderm personalitydisordermayhave ayhave playeda rolein rolein the
b. antisocial antisocial c. obsessive-compulsive d. schizotypal ANSWER: ANSWER:
c
DIFFICULTY: DIFFICULTY:
Difficult
REFERENCES: REFERENCES:
ClusterC PersonalityDisorders
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA4.2.b-Accuratelyself-assessperformancequalitybyadheringto ABNO.DURA.16.APA4.2.b-Accuratelyself-assessperformancequalitybyadheringto externalstandards OTHER: TYPE:Factual 209.Ofthefollowing, themostaccuratestatementregardingtheresearch fortreatmentofobsessive-compulsive personalitydisorderistha personalitydisorderisthatt a. well-controlledresearchsuggeststhe useofahighlystructuredbehavioralprogramcan beeffectivewith motivatedpatients. b. well-controlledrese well-controlledresearchsugg archsuggeststhe eststhe useofcognitiv useofcognitive-behav e-behavioral ioral treatment. treatment. c. thegreatdealofresearchthathasbeen conductedindicatesthereare currentlyno effective treatments. d. cognitive-behavioral therapythatusesdistractiontechniquesappears tobean effectivetreatment. ANSWER: ANSWER:
d
DIFFICULTY: DIFFICULTY:
Difficult
REFERENCES: REFERENCES:
ClusterC PersonalityDisorders
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA4.2.b-Accuratelyself-assessperformancequalitybyadheringto ABNO.DURA.16.APA4.2.b-Accuratelyself-assessperformancequalitybyadheringto externalstandards OTHER:
TYPE:Factual
210. In thecategoricalvs.dimensionalclassificationdebate,supportersofthedimensionalview ofpersonalitydisorders believe thissystemissuperiorbecause a. thereis too much overlap amongthesymptomsof thedifferent disorders. b. theclustershelpto theclustershelpto categorizebuta categorizebutare re notbased notbased onscientificev onscientificevidence. idence. c. thereishigh comorbidityamongthepersonalitydisorders. d. all oftheabove. ANSWER: ANSWER:
d
DIFFICULTY: DIFFICULTY:
Difficult
REFERENCES: REFERENCES:
ClusterC PersonalityDisorders
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: OBJECTIVES:ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto ABNO.DURA.16.APA1.3.a-Describeproblemsoperationallyto studythemempirically OTHER:
TYPE:Conceptual
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Essay
211. Discuss whythe followingcriteriaarenotcompletelysatisfactoryin definingabnormality:psychological dysfunction,digres s,and“culturallyexpect s,and“culturallyexpected” ed” behavior. behavior. ANSWER: ANSWER: SampleAnswer:Psychologicaldysfunctionisnottotallysatisfactorybecausebehaviorisonacontinuum, and amilderversionofimpairmentwould notmeet thecriteria foradisorder.Asforpersonaldistress,byitself, thiscriterion doesnotdefineabnormalbehaviorbecausedistresscan beanormalreactionto atraumatic situation. Also,forsomeofthepsychologicaldisorders,bydefinition, sufferinganddistress are absent. Atypicalornotculturallyacceptedareinsufficientwhen theyreferto someonesuchasapersonwithan exceptionallyhigh IQ whoisatypicalbutnotdisordered. Culturallyunacceptable isnotsufficientbecause whatmaybeatypicalinonecultureisperfectlyacceptablein another. 212. Describethe processofbecomingamentalhealthprofessional.Includeadiscussion ofthedifferences amongthe following:psychiatrist,psychologist,psychiatricsocial worker,psychiatricnurse.Foreachprofession,listthecredentials, theeducationalbackground,andthe professionalresponsibilities. ANSWER: ANSWER: SampleAnswer:Withinthis fieldare clinicaland counselingpsychologists,psychiatrists,psychiatricsocial workers,and psychiatricnurses,aswellasmarriageand familytherapistsandmentalhealthcounselors. Clinical andcounseling andcounseling psychologists receiveaPh.D. (orsometimesan Ed.D.,doctorofeducation,orPsy.D., doctorofpsychology)andfollowacourseofgraduate-levelstudy, lastingapproximatelyfiveyears,that prepares themto conductresearchintothecausesandtreatmentofpsychologicaldisordersandto diagnose, assess, and treatthesedisorders.Counselingpsychologiststendto studyandtreatadjustmentandvocational issuesencounteredbyrelativelyhealthyindividuals,and clinical psychologistsusuallyconcentrateon more severepsychologicaldisorders.Psychologistswith otherspecialtytraining,such asexperimentaland social psychologists,investig psychologists,investigatethebas atethebasicdeterm icdeterminantsofbeh inantsofbehaviorbutdo aviorbutdo notassessortreatp notassessortreatpsycholog sychologicaldisord icaldisorders. ers. Psychiatrists PsychiatristsfirstearnanM.D. firstearnanM.D. in medicalschoolandthenspecializein psychiatryduringresidencytraining that lasts three tofouryears.Psychiatristsalsoinvestigatethenatureandcausesofpsychologicaldisorders, makediagnoses,and offertreatments.Manypsychiatristsemphasizedrugsorotherbiological treatments, although mostusepsychosocialtreatmentsaswell. Psychiatricsocialw Psychiatricsocialworkers orkerstypicallyearn typicallyearn amaster’ amaster’sdegreein sdegreein socialworkas theydevelopexpertisein collectinginformationaboutthesocialand familysituationoftheindividualwith apsychologicaldisorder. Socialworkersalsotreat disorders,oftenconcentratingon familyproblems. Psychiatricnurses Psychiatricnurseshave have advanced degreesand specialize inthecareand treatmentofpatientswithpsychological disorders,usuallyin hospitals aspartofatreatmentteam. Finally, marriageand family therapistsand therapists andmentalhealthcounselors mentalhealthcounselors typicallyspend oneto two yearsearning amaster ’sdegreeandare employed to provideclinicalservicesbyhospitalsorclinics. 213. Compareandcontrast thethreetraditionalmodelsofabnormalbehavior: supernatural,psychological,and biological. Mentionsignificant eventsandpersonsinthehistoricaldevelopmentofeach model. ANSWER: ANSWER: SampleAnswer:Formuchofour recordedhistory, the supernatural supernatural traditiondescribed traditiondescribed deviantbehaviorasa reflectionof thebattlebetweengood andevil. Duringthe lastquarterofthe14th century, religious andlay authoritiessupported thesepopularsuperstitions,and societyasawholebegan tobelievemorestronglyin the existenceand powerofdemonsandwitches.Treatmentsincluded exorcism,inwhichvariousreligiousrituals wereperformed toridthevictimofevilspirits.Otherapproachesincluded shavingthepatternofacrossinthe hairofthevictim’ hairofthevictim’shead andsecuringsufferersto awallnearthe frontofachurchso thattheymightbenefit fromhearingMass. An equallystrongopinion reflectedtheviewthat insanitywasanaturalphenomenon, causedbymentalor emotionalstress,and wascurable.Common treatments wererest,sleep,andahealthyenvironment.Other treatmentsincluded baths,ointments,andvariouspotions. Paracelsus,aSwissphysicianwho lived from1493 to1541,rejectednotionsofpossessionbythedevil, suggestinginsteadthatthemovementsofthemoon and starshadprofoundeffectson people’ people ’spsychological functioning.This influentialtheoryinspiredthewordlunatic, influentialtheoryinspiredthewordlunatic,whichisderivedfromtheLatinwordformoon, whichisderivedfromtheLatinwordformoon,
luna.
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With thebiologicaltradition thebiologicaltradition , physicalcauseso physicalcausesofmenta fmentaldisordershav ldisordershavee been soughtsinceantiquity soughtsinceantiquity.TheGreek .TheGreek physicianHippocrate physicianHippocrates(460 s(460 – 377 377 B.C.)and otherssuggested thatpsychologicaldisorderscouldbetreated like anyotherdisease.Theybelievedpsychologicaldisordersmightalsobecaused bybrain pathologyorhead traumaandcould beinfluencedbyheredity(genetics). Hippocrates consideredthebrain tobetheseatof wisdom, consciousness,intelligence, andemotion.Therefore,disordersinvolvingthesefunctionswould logicallybelocatedinthebrain.Hippocratesalsorecognizedthe importanceofpsychological and interpersonal contributions to psychopathology. TheRoman physician Galen (approximately129 – 198A.D.)adoptedtheseideasand 198A.D.)adoptedtheseideasand developed themfurther, creatingan influentialschoolofthought thatextendedwell into the19th century.Physiciansbelieved that diseaseresultedfromtoo muchortoolittleofoneofthehumors;forexample, toomuch blackbilewas thoughtto causemelancholia(depression).Thehumoraltheorywas, perhaps,thefirst exampleofassociating psychologicaldisorde psychologicaldisorderswit rswitha“c ha“chemical hemical imbalance,”an imbalanc e,”an ap proach thatiswides thatiswidespreadto preadtoday. day. The psychologicaltrad psychologicaltradition itionhasalongtradition. hasalongtradition. Plato,forexample, thought thatthe two causesof maladaptivebehaviorwerethesocialandculturalinfluences in one’ one ’slifeandthelearningthattookplace in thatenvironment.Ifsomething waswrongintheenvironment,suchasabusiveparents,one’ waswrongintheenvironment,suchasabusiveparents,one ’simpulsesand emotionswould overcomereason.Thebesttreatment was toreeducatetheindividual so that reasonwould predominate. predominate. mor al therapy Duringthefirsthalfofthe19thcentury, apsychosocialapproachcalled mor became became influential.Its influential.Its tenetsincluded treatingpatientsasnormallyaspossible inasettingthatencouraged socialinteraction.Pussin had alreadyremovedchainsusedtorestrainpatientsand institutedhumanepsychologicalinterventions.Pussin persuadedPinelto persuadedPinelto go go alongwiththechang alongwiththechanges. es. AfterWilliamTuke (1732 – 1822)followedPinel 1822)followedPinel ’sleadin England, Benjamin Rush (1745 – 1813), 1813), often consideredthefounderofAmericanpsychiatry, introducedmoraltherapyatPennsylvaniaHospital. Asylums Asylums had appearedin the16th century,but theyweremorelike prisonsthanhospitals.DorotheaDix (1802 – (1802 – 1887) 1887) campaigned forreformin thetreatmentofinsanity.Havingworked in variousinstitutions,shehad firsthand knowledgeof thedeplorableconditionsimposed onpatientswithinsanity,andshemade itherlife ’s workto informtheAmerican publicof theseabuses. Herworkbecameknown as the mentalh mentalhyg ygii enemove enemoveme ment nt . An unforeseenconsequenceof Dix’ Dix’sheroiceffortswasasubstantialincreaseinthenumberofmentalpatients. Thisinfluxledto arapidtransitionfrommoraltherapyto custodialcare. 214. Explainpsychoanalytic theory. Referto conceptssuch asanxiety,defensemechanisms,andpsychosexual development.Useexamples toillustrate theseconcepts. ANSWER: ANSWER: SampleAnswer:Thepsychoanalytic theorydevelopedbySigmundFreud isbasedon threemajorconcepts. -Structureofthemind . AccordingtoFreud, themind can bedividedinto threemajorparts:the id, thesource ofourstrongsexualandaggressivefeelingsorenergies,whichoperateson thepleasureprinciple; theego, or thepartofthemindthatoperates on therealityprincipletoensurethatweactrealistically;andthesuperego, orconscience,whichrepresentsthemoralprinciplesofourculture. When theseareasareinconflict,itcan resultin anxiety. - Defensemechanisms Defensemechanisms.. In order to mediatecontinuing conflictbetweentheidandthe superego, theego marshalsdefensemechanismsorunconsciousprotectiveprocesses thatkeep primitiveemotionsin check. Examples includedenial, displacement,projection,rationalization,reaction formation,repression,and sublimation. - Psychosexualstageso Psychosexualstagesofdevel fdevelopment opment . Freud theorizedthatduringinfancyandearlychildhood,wepass through psychosexualstag psychosexualstagesofdev esofdevelopm elopmentinaspec entinaspecificorder ificorder thataffectou thataffectourlifetim rlifetimee functioning. functioning. These stagesincludetheoral, anal,phallic,latency, andgenitalstages,and arecharacterized bydistinctivemeansof gratifyingourbasicneedsandsatisfyingourdrive forphysical pleasure. 215. Explain the inadequaciesofthe variousperspectives,andexplainwhytheconceptofamultidimensional integrative approachto psychopathologyappearstobethe morelogicalchoice. ANSWER: ANSWER: SampleAnswer: Allofthevariousapproacheshad shortcoming whenattemptingto explainpsychopathology. Thebiologicalmodel, whileeffectivein treatingsomedisorders,couldnottreatothers.Sincebiological causescould notbe found forsomedisorders,biologicaltreatmentscould notbedeveloped.Also,active interventionand
treatment wereallbuteliminatedin somesettings,despiteavailabilityofothereffective approaches.Thepsychoanalyticperspectivewasbasedon anecdotal evidenceandcouldnotbescientifically evaluated.Manyofthe basic tenetscould notbeobserved.Humanistictheorycontributedverylittlenew
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informationtothefieldofpsychopathology.Itsprincipleswerenotscientificallytested,norwere they very usefulin the interventionofseverepsychologicaldisorders.The behavioralmodelsuggestedthatall psychopathologywase psychopathologywasenvironm nvironmentallydete entallydetermined.I rmined.Italsofailedtoa talsofailedtoaccountforde ccountfordevelopm velopmentof entof psychopathologyacros psychopathologyacrosss thelifespan.Itc thelifespan.Itcannotexp annotexplainthe lainthe morecomplexla morecomplexlayersofboth yersofboth consciousand consciousand subconsciousbehaviors.Astheuseofscientificresearch techniqueshascontinuedto expandour understandingofthebiological,behavioral, cognitive,emotional,developmental,andsocialfactors that contributeto behavior,itisincreasinglyclearthatpsychopathologyismultiplydetermined.This understandingnow influencesourunderstandingofboth thecausesand treatmentsofpsychologicaldisorders. 216.What isthedifferencebetweenpersonalitydisordersand otherpsychological disorders(e.g., mooddisorders)?Why is there disagreement in the mentalhealthprofessionregardingthecategorizationofpersonalitydisorders? ANSWER: ANSWER: SampleAnswer:Personalitydisordersaredefined as “enduringpatternsofperceiving, relatingto, and thinkingaboutthe environmentandoneselfthatare exhibited inawide rangeofsocialandpersonal contexts,” contexts,” and areinflexibleandmaladaptive.Theyalsocausesignificant functional impairmentorsubjective distress.Theyareunlikemooddisordersinthatthey aremoreingrainedand inflexible,andthesedisordersare typicallynoteasyto modify.Thereisagreatdealofcontroversyaboutdefiningthe personalitydisorders becausetheyareoftene becausetheyareoftenextreme xtremeversionsofp versionsofpersonality ersonalitycharac characteristics teristicsthatare thatare presentin presentin people in general. general. Some have argued thatthepersonalitydisordersshould beconsideredascontinuums, rather thancategories to whichpeopleeitherbelongordon ’t.However,thereisstill ’t.However,thereisstill debateaboutthe characteristicsof thedisorders, and even whichonesshouldbe includedintheDSM. 217.DescribethethreeclustersofDSM-5 personalitydisordersand provideanexplanation ofeachpersonalitydisorder thatbelongs toeachcluster.Whatadjectives aregenerallyusedto describeeachcluster? ANSWER: ANSWER: SampleAnswer: ClusterA personalitydisorders personalitydisorders includepa includeparanoid, ranoid, schizoid,andsc schizoid,andschizotypa hizotypalpersonalit lpersonalitydisorders.P ydisorders.Peoplewi eoplewith th paranoid personalitydisorder personalitydisorderareexcessivelymistrustfulandsuspiciousofothers,withoutanyjustification. personalitydisordershow Peoplewith schizoid personalitydisorder apatternofdetachmentfromsocialrelationshipsandalimitedrangeofemotionsininterpersonalsituations.Peoplewith sc behave in waysthat waysthat wouldseemunusual wouldseemunusual to manyofus, manyofus, andtheytendto andtheytendto hizotypalpersonalitydisorder behave besuspiciousandto besuspiciousandto have have odd odd beliefs. ClusterB persona ClusterB personalitydisorde litydisordersincludean rsincludeantisocial,bo tisocial,borderline, rderline,histrionic, histrionic,andnarcis andnarcissisticperso sisticpersonalitydisorde nalitydisorders. rs. Peoplewith antisocialpersonalitydisorderarecharacterizedashavingahistoryof failingtocomplywith socialnorms.Theyalsotend to beirresponsible,impulsive,anddeceitful.Peoplewith borderlinepersonality disorderleadtumultuouslives.Theirmoodsandrelationshipsareunstable,and usuallytheyhave apoorself- image. Thesepeopleoftenfeel emptyandareatgreatriskofdyingbytheirown hands.Individualswith histrionicpersonalitydisorder tendto beoverlydramaticandoftenseemalmosttobeacting;theyare inclined toexpress theiremotionsin anexaggeratedfashion,forexample,huggingsomeonetheyhavejust metorcryinguncontrollablyduringa sad movie.Theyalsotend tobevain,self-centered,anduncomfortable when theyarenotin thelimelight.People with narcissisticpersonalitydisorderhave an unreasonablesenseofselfimportanceandare sopreoccupiedwiththemselves that theylacksensitivityandcompassionforother people. ClusterC personalitydisorde personalitydisordersincludeav rsincludeavoidant, oidant, dependen dependent,andobses t,andobsessive-c sive-compulsivep ompulsivepersonality ersonalitydisorders. disorders. Peoplewith avoidantpersonalitydisorderareextremelysensitiveto the opinionsofothersandtherefore avoid mostrelationships.Their extremelylowself-esteem,coupledwith afearofrejection,causesthemto be limitedintheirfriendshipsanddependentonthosetheyfeelcomfortablewith. Peoplewith dependent personalitydisorderrelyonothersto make ordinarydecisionsaswellas importantones,whichresultsin an obsessive-compulsivepersonality disorderare unreasonablefearofabandonment.People who have obsessive-compulsivepersonality
characterizedbya fixationon thingsbeingdone“ thingsbei ngdone“therightway therightway.” .”Although Although many mightenvytheirpersistence and dedication,thispreoccupationwith detailsprevents themfromcompletingmuch ofanything. ClusterApersonalitydisordersare generallydescribed asoddoreccentric.ClusterBpersonalitydisordersare generallydescribedaspeoplewho aredramatic,emotional,orerratic.ClusterCdisordersaregenerally describedaspeoplewhoareanxiousandfearful. 218.Discuss thegenderdifferences foundin personalitydisorders.Givespecificexamplesofdisorderswhere gender differencesoccur.Do thedisparitiesindicatedifferencesbetweenmenandwomen in certainbasicexperiencesthatare genetic,sociocultural, orboth, ordotheyrepresent biasesonthepartoftheclinicianswho make thediagnoses? ANSWER: ANSWER: SampleAnswer: Borderlinepersonalitydisor Borderlineper sonalitydisorderisdiagnosedmoreof derisdiagnosedmoreoften ten infemales,who makeup about75%oftheidentifiedcases.Historically,histrionicand dependentpersonalitydisorderswereidentifiedby cliniciansmoreoftenin women,butaccordingto more recent studiesoftheirprevalencein thegeneral population, equalnumbersofmalesand femalesmay havehistrionicanddependentpersonalitydisorders.In a classicstudy, researcherssentfictitiouscasehistoriesto clinical psychologistsfordiagnosis.Onecase describedaperson with antisocialpersonalitydisorder, whichischaracterizedbyirresponsible andreckless behaviorandusuallydiagnosedin males; theothercasedescribedapersonwithhistrionicpersonality theothercasedescribedapersonwith histrionicpersonality disorder,whichischaracterizedbyexcessiveemotionalityandattention disorder,whichischaracterizedbyexcessiveemotionalityandattention seekingandmoreoftendiagnosedin females.Thesubjectwas identifiedasmale insomeversionsofeachcaseandasfemale inothers,although everythingelsewasidentical.Whentheantisocialpersonalitydisordercasewaslabeledmale, most psychologistsgave thecorrectdiagnosis.However, when thesamecaseofantisocialpersonalitydisorderwas labeledfemale,mostpsychologistsdiagnoseditashistrionicpersonalitydisorderratherthanantisocial personalitydisorder.I personalitydisorder.In n thecaseofhistrionicp thecaseofhistrionicpersonali ersonalitydisorder,be tydisorder,beinglabe inglabeledawom ledawoman an increasedthe increasedthe likelihoodofthatdiagnosis.Theresearchersconcludedthatthepsychologists incorrectlydiagnosedmore women ashavinghistrionicpersonalitydisorder. Histrionicpersonalitydisorder, like severalof theotherpersonalitydisorders,isbiasedagainst females.Manyof thefeaturesofhistrionicpersonalitydisorder,such as overdramatization,vanity, seductiveness,andoverconcernwith physicalappearance,arecharacteristicofthe Wester n “stereotypicalfemale. “stereotypicalfemale.””Thisdisordermaysimplybe theembodimentofextremely“ theembodimentofextremel y“feminin feminine” e”traits. traits.
219.Describethe basicfeaturesofantisocialpersonalitydisorder.Whyispsychotherapywith thispopulationso likelyto fail? ANSWER: ANSWER: SampleAnswer: Antisocial personalitydisorderinvolvesirresponsible,impulsive,deceitful behaviorthat violatessocialandlegalnorms.Antisocial individuals lackconscienceandempathy, and feel justifiedin takingwhattheywant,whether itsuitsotherpeopleornot.Thesebehaviorsstartearlyinlifeasconduct disorder,whichisconsideredaprecursorto antisocialpersonalitydisorder.Oftentheindividualsinvolvedare glib andsuperficiallycharmingbuthave agrandiosesenseofself-worth,are very good atmanipulatingothers, and lackremorsefortheiractions.Some researchersbelievethatthe fearlessness,thrillseeking,and insensitivityto punishment punishment shown bypeoplewith bypeoplewith antisocialperson antisocialpersonalitydisord alitydisorderarerela erarerelatedtolow tedtolow levelsof levelsof corticalarousal, corticalarousal, although socialfactorssuch asfamilialdivorceorsubstanceabusemayalsoencourage antisocialbehavior. Sincepeople with antisocialpersonalitydisorderdonotfeelbadaboutwhattheyhave done, theyrarelyseektreatmentunless forced tofor familyor legalreasons.Consequently,theyarenot motivated tochange,oftenfailto cooperatewith treatment,andmayeven trytomanipulatethetherapistin order tothwarttherapeuticchange. 220.Describethe characteristicsandcausesofborderlinepersonalitydisorder,anddiscusspossibletreatment approaches and theirefficacy. ANSWER: ANSWER: SampleAnswer: Borderlinepersonalitydisorderischaracterizedby erraticmoods,unstablerelationships,poor selfimage,and fearofabandonment. Borderlineindividualsoftenengage in suicidaland/orself-mutilating behaviors,andhave behaviors,andhave difficultymaintaining difficultymaintaininghealthyrela healthyrelationships. tionships. Borderlinepe Borderlinepersonalityd rsonalitydisorderism isorderismore ore prevalentin prevalentin familieswith thedisorderandismorecommon in women.Thereisalsoastrong linkto early sexualabuseamongborderlineindividuals,butitisnotclearwhetherthereisagene-environmentinteraction accountingforsomeof thisdata.Peoplewith borderlinepersonalitydisordersaretypicallydistressedabout
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theirlivesand aremorelikelyto seektreatmenteventhan peoplewithanxietyandmood disorders.Theyoften
respondpositivelyto medications,includingSSRIs,otherantidepressants,and lithium. Dialecticalbehavior therapy, whichinvolveshelpingpeoplecope with the stressors thattriggersuicidal behavior,mayalsobe effective.Therapyisconductedweeklyandhelpspatientslearnto identifyandregulateemotions.Italso containselementsof treatments usedto helppeoplewith posttraumaticstressdisorder. Eventually,clients learnto trust theirownresponse ratherthan dependingon thevalidationofothers.Up to 88% of borderlinepatientswhoun borderlinepatientswhoundergo dergo therapyexpe therapyexperience rience remissionat remissionat10 10 years,whichisa years,whichisanextreme nextremelypositive lypositive outlookamongthepersonalitydisorders. 221.Describethe similaritiesanddifferences betweenindividualswithobsessive-compulsivepersonalitydisorderand individualsdiagnosed withtheanxietydisordercalledobsessive-compulsivedisorder. ANSWER: ANSWER: SampleAnswer:Peoplewithobsessive-compulsivepersonalitydisorderare characterizedbyafixationon thingsbeingdoneright,or their way. Theybecomepreoccupiedwith details,which caninterferewith their abilityto completetasks.Thisdisorderisdistantlyrelatedtoobsessive-compulsivedisorder (ananxiety disorder)sincesomeofthecharacteristicsoverlap;however, thepersonalitydisordertends tobepervasivebut lessextreme than theanxietydisorder. 222. Explainwhatdifferentiatesindividualswith schizotypalpersonalitydisorderfromschizophrenia.Whatarethe similaritiesobserved forindividualsdiagnosedwithschizotypalpersonalitydisorderand schizophrenia? ANSWER: ANSWER: SampleAnswer:Peoplegivenadiagnosisofschizotypalpersonalitydisorderhave psychotic-like (butnot psychoticasinschiz psychoticasinschizophrenia) ophrenia) symptoms symptoms (suchasbeliev (suchasbelievingevery ingeverythingrelatesto thingrelatesto thempersonally),socia thempersonally),sociall deficits,andsometimescognitive impairmentsorparanoia.Theseindividualsareoftenconsideredodd or bizarrebecauseofhowth bizarrebecauseofhowtheyrelate eyrelate tootherpeople,howthe tootherpeople,howtheythinkandbe ythinkandbehave,a have,and nd even how theydress.They theydress.They have ideasofreference, whichmeanstheythinkinsignificanteventsrelatedirectlyto them.Individualswith schizotypal personalitydisorder personalitydisorder alsohave alsohave oddbeliefsorengag oddbeliefsorengagee in in “magicalthinking lieving, forexample, that “magicalthinking,”be ,”believing, theyareclairvoyantortelepathic.In addition,theyreportunusualperceptualexperiences,includingsuch illusionsasfeelingthepresenceofanotherperson when theyare alone.Noticethesubtlebutimportant differencebetween feeling differencebetween feeling asifsomeoneelseisintheroomand asifsomeoneelseisintheroomand themoreextremeperceptual distortionin peoplewith schizophreniawhomight reportthereis reportthereissomeoneelseintheroomwhen someoneelseintheroomwhen there isn’ isn ’t.Unlikepeople who simplyhave unusualinterestsorbeliefs,thosewith schizotypal personalitydisordertend tobesuspicious and have paranoidthoughts,exp paranoidthoughts,expresslittleem resslittleemotion, otion, andmaydressorbeha andmaydressorbehave ve in unusual unusual ways.Theyshare ways.Theyshare manyof thesamenonpsychoticsymptomsofpeoplewith schizophrenia,butlackanydelusionsor hallucinations. 223.Thereisa greatcontroversyregardingtheclassificationissueofthepersonalitydisorders.Explainwhatareseenas problemswiththecurren problemswiththecurrentclassific tclassificationsyste ationsystemused mused intheDSM? intheDSM? ANSWER: ANSWER: SampleAnswer:Thereisagreatdealofoverlapofthedisorders.Somepeoplearediagnosedwithseveral personalitydisordersas personalitydisordersasaresult. aresult.Thesecla Theseclassificatio ssificationsareno nsarenothingm thingmore ore thanaconvenientwa thanaconvenientwayforclinic yforclinicians ians to rememberthedisordersandarenotbasedon anyscientificevidence. Toaddresstheconcerns,somehave suggested introducingdimensionsbyratingclientsonsixbroad personalitytraitdom personalitytraitdomains.Thesear ains.Thesearenegativ enegativeemotio eemotionality, nality, introversion,an introversion,antagonism tagonism,, disinhibition, compulsivity, andschizotypy.Undereach ofthesedomainswould bemorespecifictraitfacets;clinicians would rateclientson afour-pointscaleas totheextentthatthesetraitsarepresentthereforeprovidingsome indicationofthedimensionalqualityofthedifficulties.
224. Why is the re quirement that the behavior be atypical or not culturally expected important important in defining a psychological disorder? ANSWER: Sample Answer: Behavior occurs in the midst midst of social context. Some behavior behavior is appropriate in different different settings within a single culture. One example is clapping during a religious service. This may be completely appropriate at one house of
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worship and not another. Other behaviors are appropriate in one culture and not another. Eating a beef hamburger is likely more appropriate in Indiana than in India. From a different perspective, much of our be havior is culturally ascribed and does not serve a biological purpose. None of these be haviors are right or wrong, but simply more o r less appropriate in a given context. Normality is defined as adherence to understood soc ial norms. 225. What is the difference between be tween prevalence and incidence? Why is this distinction important in mental health? ANSWER: Sample Answer: Prevalence is the total number of people in a specific population that have a disorder. Incidence is defined as how many people are newly diagnosed with a disorder within a given year. Prevalence can t ell you how common a mental health disorder is within a culture while incidence can tell you about the trends o f diagnosing a specific disorder. For example, the prevalence of Attention Atte ntion Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is relatively high in the United States with 6 .4 million children identified with ADHD in 2011. Incidence has been increasing since 2003 (7.8%) and 2007 (9.5%) 11% in 20 111. 226. Give an example of a modern mass hysteria. ANSWER: Sample Answer: All answers will tell of one person (or a few people) seriously impacted followed by others (more people) with mirroring concerns. One example is the panic t hat ensues after a sudden, loud noise in a c rowded area the week after a major school shooting. 227. You walk out of a store and your car is not in its parking space. Give a one-sentence re sponse from the perspectives of your Id, Ego, and Superego. ANSWER: Sample Answer: Id = ”I’m going to find t his thief and ring his neck!” Superego = “Could I have parked elsewhere? ” Ego = “I am so frustrated but I’ve got good insurance.” All answers will differentiate the Id (pleasure principle), Superego (moralistic), and Ego (mediator). 228. Name some of Sigmund Freud’s lasting contributions to the field of psychology. ANSWER: Sample Answer: Sigmund Freud was the founder of psychoanalytic therapy. His work focused on the unconscious mind and how its desires and urges dete rmined personality and disorders. Freud further developed therapeutic techniques including catharism, dream interpretations, and free association.
1
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2016). October 5, 2016. Data and Statistics: Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/adhd/data.html accessed 10.28.16