3-Storey Mixed-Use Building: AutoCAD Design
Melissa R. Coderes Jhon Kelly B. Hilario Alexandra Marie L. Marqueses
Technological Institute of the hili!!ines "ue#on City
$cto%er& '()*
APPROVAL SHEE
This design design !ro+ect !ro+ect entitled entitled , 3-Storey Mixed-Use Building: AutoCAD Design- is !re!ared %y Melissa R. Coderes& Jhon Kelly B. Hilario and Alexandra Marie L. Marqueses of the Ciil /ngineering 0e!art1ent 2as exa1ined and ealuated %y the !rofessor and is here%y reco11ended for a!!roal.
E!"R# RO!!$E M# D%SA!"CO rofessor
anel Me1%ers3
E!"R# ALLA! O# BE!O"SUDA! 0e!art1ent Chair ECH!OLO"$CAL $!S$UE O& HE PH$L$PP$!ES 'ue(on City AutoCAD Design Ex)erien*e $n+or,tion CPE..3 Design Pro/e*t 0 0st Se,ester1 S% 2.0-2.04
4tudent5Tea1 6rou! 0esign Title rogra1 Concentration Area 0esign $%+ecties
Melissa R. Coderes Jhon Kelly B. Hilario Alexandra Marie L. Marqueses 784torey Mixed89se Building3 AutoCA0 0esign AutoCA0 Pro/e*t O5/e*ti6e The general o%+ectie of this !ro+ect is to design an AutoCA0 !la !lann for a 78 storey 1ixed8use %uilding in accordance 2ith codes and engineering stand standard ardss and and consid considera eratio tions ns of trade8 trade8of offs fs %ased %ased on the 1ulti! 1ulti!le le
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APPROVAL SHEE
This design design !ro+ect !ro+ect entitled entitled , 3-Storey Mixed-Use Building: AutoCAD Design- is !re!ared %y Melissa R. Coderes& Jhon Kelly B. Hilario and Alexandra Marie L. Marqueses of the Ciil /ngineering 0e!art1ent 2as exa1ined and ealuated %y the !rofessor and is here%y reco11ended for a!!roal.
E!"R# RO!!$E M# D%SA!"CO rofessor
anel Me1%ers3
E!"R# ALLA! O# BE!O"SUDA! 0e!art1ent Chair ECH!OLO"$CAL $!S$UE O& HE PH$L$PP$!ES 'ue(on City AutoCAD Design Ex)erien*e $n+or,tion CPE..3 Design Pro/e*t 0 0st Se,ester1 S% 2.0-2.04
4tudent5Tea1 6rou! 0esign Title rogra1 Concentration Area 0esign $%+ecties
Melissa R. Coderes Jhon Kelly B. Hilario Alexandra Marie L. Marqueses 784torey Mixed89se Building3 AutoCA0 0esign AutoCA0 Pro/e*t O5/e*ti6e The general o%+ectie of this !ro+ect is to design an AutoCA0 !la !lann for a 78 storey 1ixed8use %uilding in accordance 2ith codes and engineering stand standard ardss and and consid considera eratio tions ns of trade8 trade8of offs fs %ased %ased on the 1ulti! 1ulti!le le
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constraints such as /cono1ic& Manufactura%ility& Manufactura%ility& and 4ustaina%ility. 4ustaina%ility. S)e*i+i* O5/e*ti6es 0esign a 78storey 1ixed8use %uilding AutoCA0 AutoCA0 !lan 0eelo! an AutoCA0 design for a 78storey 1ixed8used %uilding • •
Constraints
E*ono,i*
The co1!onents that 2ere used for the %uilding of the design !ro+ect 2ere !ut into consideration %ased on the client:s require1ents and the aaila%ility of the co1!onents. The designers used the co1!onents that are not har1ful to the client and the eniron1ent. Considering the cost of the co1!onents& the designers used not only the afforda%le 1aterials& %ut also the !r;cised functionality that 2as needed for the design.
Mnu+*tur5ility
The The 1anufa 1anufactu ctura% ra%ili ility ty of the co1!on co1!onen ents ts 2ould 2ould %e highly highly affec affected ted de!ending de!ending on the aaila%ility of the 1aterials. The ca!a%ility of the design !roduced 2ith the needed !art and 1aintenance referred the design:s 1anufactura%ility.
Sustin5ility
The designers also considered the functionality of the deice. The design !ro+ect had an easy to use functionality and 2as eniron1entally friendly. friendly. Considering the !rocedures& the designers 1ade sure that there are fe2er !rocedures so that the client 2as a%le to understand and 2or< 2ith it 2ithout so 1uch ti1e 2asted.
4tandards •
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=BC& section >(>3 Maxi1u1 Height of Buildings
The designers too< in consideration the character of occu!ancy and the ty!e of constructions for the1 to decide ho2 high their %uilding is.
=BC& section >(?3 Location of ro!erty
The designers should consider the location of the !ro!erty to %e a%le for it to gie 1axi1u1 conenience and co1fort to the !u%lic.
=BC& section @(3 4i#e and 0i1ension of roo1s
The designers too< in consideration the si#e and di1ensions of roo1s. or or hu1a hu1ann ha%i ha%ita tatition ons& s& it shou should ld %e .(( .(( sq. sq. 1ete 1eters rs 2ith 2ith atle atleas astt di1ension of '.(( 1eters.
=BC& section >()3 $ccu!ancy Classified
The designers shall identify the %uildings !ro!osed for the construction according to their use or the character of its occu!ancy. occu!ancy. 7
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=BC& section )'(*3 loor Construction
The designers too< in considerations that all floors shall %e so fra1ed and secured into the fra1e2or< and su!!orting 2alls to for1 an integral !art of the 2hole %uilding. The ty!es of floor construction used shall !roide 1eans to
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L$S O& &$"URES Figure 3.1 Input-Process-Output................................................................................. 6 Figure 3.2 3-Story Mixed-use Building Design 1......................................................... 8 Figure 3.3 3-Story Mixed-use Building Design 2....................................................... 1 Figure 3.! "#$ Design 3 Floor Pl%n............................................................................. 12 Figure 3.! "%$ 3-Story Mixed-use Building Design 3.................................................. 12 Figure !.1 Su#ordin%te r%n&ing o' (eorgi%n )oloni%l Style in econo*ic cost... ........1+ Figure !.2 Su#ordin%te r%n&ing o' Mid-)entury Modern Design in econo*ic cost.. ..16 Figure !.3 Su#ordin%te r%n&ing o' Modern ,rcitectur%l Design in *%nu'%ctur%#ility1 Figure !.! Su#ordin%te r%n&ing o' (eorgi%n in *%nu'%ctur%#ility............................ 18 Figure !.+ Su#ordin%te r%n&ing o' (eorgi%n )oloni%l Design #%sed on sust%in%#ility1/ Figure !.6 Su#ordin%te r%n&ing o' Modern ,rcitectur%l Design #%sed on sust%in%#ility ................................................................................................................................. 2 Figure +.1 Fin%l Design Model................................................................................... 23
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L$S O& ABLES
Ta%le 78) Cost of Materials of 0esign )............................................................................................................> Ta%le 787 Cost of Materials using 0esign '...................................................................................................... Ta%le 78* Cost of Materials using 0esign 7................................................................................................ ....)) Ta%le ?8) 0esigner Ta%ulation or1...............................................................................................................)? Ta%le ?8' Initial Cost of each co1!onent........................................................................................................)? Ta%le ?87 Aaila%ility of the Materials..............................................................................................................) Ta%le ?8? 4ustaina%ility of co1!onents..........................................................................................................)@ Ta%le ?8* Ta%ulation of Trade8offs...................................................................................................................'(
L$S O& ABBREV$A$O!S
CAD !BC P7) S8# M,
Co1!uter Aided 0rafting =ational Building Code hili!!ine eso 4quare Milli1eters
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ABLE O& CO!E!S
@
Title !ageDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD...i AR$EAL 4H//T...........................................................................................................................................ii AutoCA0 0esign /x!erience Infor1ation........................................................................................................iii LI4T $ I69R/4............................................................................................................................................ LI4T $ TABL/4..............................................................................................................................................i LI4T $ ABBR/EIATI$=4..............................................................................................................................ii TABL/ $ C$=T/=T4..................................................................................................................................iii CHAT/R ). R$J/CT BACK6R$9=0..................................................................................................) The ro+ect...............................................................................................................................................) ro+ect $%+ecties....................................................................................................................................) The Client.................................................................................................................................................) ro+ect 4co!e and 0eli1itation................................................................................................................) ro+ect 0eelo!1ent................................................................................................................................' CHAT/R '. 0/4I6= I=9T4..................................................................................................................? 0esign Constraints...................................................................................................................................? 0esign 4tandards.....................................................................................................................................? CHAT/R 7. R$J/CT 0/4I6=.............................................................................................................. In!ut8rocess8$ut!ut............................................................................................................................... 0esign )3 6eorgian Colonial 0esign...................................................................................................> AutoCAD Design..........................................................................................................................@ 0esign '3 Modern Architectural 0esign............................................................................................... AutoCAD Design.........................................................................................................................)( 0esign 73 Mid8Century Modern 0esign..............................................................................................)) AutoCAD Design.........................................................................................................................)' CHAT/R ?. 0/4I6= TRA0/8$4......................................................................................................)7 0esign Trade8offs...................................................................................................................................)7 Influence of 0esign Trade $ffs in the inal 0esign.................................................................. .............') CHAT/R *. I=AL 0/4I6=...................................................................................................................'7 inal 0esign............................................................................................................................................'7 Conclusion.........................................................................................................................................'7
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CHAPER 0#
PRO9EC BAC"ROU!D
7e Pro/e*t
Based on Jose!h Minico##i F'()'G& the construction of a 1ixed8use %uilding can gie the %est return on inest1ent for the !u%lic coffers co1e 2hen s1art and sustaina%le deelo!1ent occurs. If you construct a single8use or co11ercial %uilding se!arated to residential& it can %e costly not only on financial %ut also in 1any as!ects. /xa1!les of these as!ects are saing the land consu1!tion 2hen constructing a 1ixed8use %uilding rather than haing a single8use %uilding %ecause there is 1ore is 1ore than one use of a %uilding for co11ercial and residential co1!ared in %uilding the1 se!arately. It also allo2s a certain area to gain 1ore in financial as!ects %ecause a 1ixed8use and a single8used structure hae al1ost the sa1e %uilding cost %ut a 1ixed8use structure can %e a%le to !roduce 1ore !rofit. Therefore& it is %etter to construct 1ixed8 use %uilding. The designers& !ro!osed the AutoCA0 design of a 78storey 1ixed8use %uilding 2ith the first storey as a co11ercial s!ace li
Pro/e*t O5/e*ti6es
The general o%+ectie of this !ro+ect 2as to design an AutoCA0 !lan for a 78storey 1ixed8use %uilding in accordance 2ith codes of ethics& engineering standards and consideration of trade8offs %ased on 1ulti!le constraints such as econo1ic& 1anufactura%ility and sustaina%ility constraints. S)e*i+i* O5/e*ti6es • •
0esign a 78storey 1ixed8use %uilding AutoCA0 !lan. 0eelo! an AutoCA0 design for a 78storey 1ixed8use %uilding.
7e Client
The client of our !ro!osed !ro+ect is anyone 2ho needs a !lace to stay and %e a%le to 1eet the require1ents of the 1anage1ent. Moreoer& clients 2ho hae a ca!acity to !ay the gien a1ount. /xa1!les are %usiness1an& fa1ily and anyone the sa1e. Pro/e*t S*o)e nd Deli,ittion
The sco!e of our !ro!osed !ro+ect is any consu1er 2ho is a a%le to 1eet the needed require1ents to use the %uilding 2hile the deli1itation is the ca!acity of the %uilding to acco11odate a 1ini1u1 of )(( and a 1axi1u1 of '(( clients. The s!ace gien to the clients is enough for the1 to 1oe co1forta%ly. The a1enities !resent in our !ro!osal are 1ostly the %asics needed %y our clients Fgy1& !ool& cha!el& entertain1ent areaG. The ground floor on the co11ercial s!ace can acco11odate 1ore or less fie %usiness enter!rises. )
Pro/e*t De6elo),ent
To re!resent the deelo!1ent of the !ro+ect& a flo2chart 2as used to dra2 the chain of a !rocess that connects the !hase of deelo!1ent of the design. igure ).) sho2s the deelo!1ent !rocess in co1!leting the !ro+ect.
Identify the ro%le1s
6athering 0ata
I1!le1entation
Maintenance
ro+ect Conce!tuali#ation
Identify the
igure ).) ro+ect 0eelo!1ents
igure ).) is an illustration of the !ro+ect deelo!1ent !rocess in the 0esign of a 78storey Mixed89se Building. $denti+y t7e Pro5le,3 •
Identifying the !ro%le1 2as the first ste!. The designers identified the !ro%le1 through research& education and self8curiosity. inding the !ro%le1 2ould hel! the designers to !re!are for a solution. "t7ering Dt nd Re8uire,ent
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6athering of data and require1ents 2ere i1!ortant since it 2ould set as a 2ay in !roiding the %est solution for the identified !ro%le1. The designers needed to gather data and the necessary require1ents to co1!lete the AutoCA0 design.
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Pro/e*t Con*e)tuli(tion •
ro+ect conce!tuali#ation 2as the a%ility to for1ulate any idea that occurs at the %eginning of a design actiity. The designers 2ere a%le to for1ulate an initial design of the !ro+ect 2hen the sco!e of the !ro+ect 2as drafted and as a result the designers ca1e u! 2ith an AutoCA0 design. $denti+y t7e Co,)onents
Identifying the co1!onents needed for the co1!letion of the AutoCA0 design 2as ery i1!ortant not only for the sa
I1!le1entation 2as necessary as it 2ould execute the !lan that 2as laid out u!on the %eginning of the design. $nce all the necessary require1ents hae %een 1et the designers 2ould !re!are for the i1!le1entation of the design according to the 1odel created. The designers 1ust 1eet the o%+ectie of the design for the co1!letion of the !ro+ect. Mintenn*e
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Maintenance 2as offered to !reent any unnecessary difficulties& error and to 1aintain the a%ility to 1onitor the effectiity of the design. And lastly the designers 2ould !roide 1aintenance for the design as !art of the serice for the client so that if there 2ould %e any unnecessary !ro%le1 1et 2ith the design& the designers could auto1atically fix the issue at hand.
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DES$"! $!PUS
Design Constrints
The consideration of 1ulti!le constraints 2as a!!lied. The as!ects that deter1ined the feasi%ility of the syste1 2as sered %y these constraints. There 2ere different
The designers used a list of standards for this !ro+ect design as a %asis for the circuit design and other related to the follo2ing codes and standards 2hich are stated %elo23 !BC1 se*tion ;.;: Mxi,u, Heig7t o+ Buildings The 1axi1u1 height and nu1%er of storeys of eery %uilding shall %e de!endent u!on the character of occu!ancy and the ty!e of construction as deter1ine %y the secretary considering !o!ulation density& %uilding %ul<& 2idths of streets and car !ar
!BC1 se*tion ;.<: Lo*tion o+ Pro)erty A1ong three gien standards& the designers
considered the general standard FaG =o %uilding shall %e constructed unless it ad+oins or has direct ?
access to a !u%lic s!ace& yard or street on at least one of its side. or the !ur!ose of this 4ection& the centreline of the ad+oining street or alley shall %e considered an ad+acent !ro!erty line. /aes oer required 2indo2s shall not %e less than >*( 11 fro1 the side and r ear !ro!erty lines. •
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!BC1 se*tion =.4: Si(e nd Di,ension o+ roo,s8 Mini1u1 si#es of roo1s and their least hori#ontal di1ensions shall %e as follo2s3 F)G Roo1s for Hu1an Ha%itations .(( sq. 1eters 2ith a least di1ension of '.(( 1eters F'G Kitchens87.((sq 1eters 2ith a least di1ension of ).*( 1eters F7G Bath and Toilet ).'( sq. 1eters 2ith a least di1ension of (.( 1eter. !BC1 se*tion ;.0: O**u)n*y Clssi+ied A1ong four gien standards& the designers considered F'G 6rou! B Residential, Hotels and Apartments: 6rou! B $ccu!ancies shall %e 1ulti!ly d2elling units including %oarding or lodging houses& hotels& a!art1ent %uildings& ro2 houses& conents& 1onasteries and other si1ilar %uilding each of 2hich acco11odates 1ore than )( !ersons. !BC1 se*tion 02.: &loor Constru*tion A1ong the three gien standards& the designers considered the standard F%G All floors shall %e so fra1ed and secured into the fra1e2or< and su!!orting 2alls as to for1 an integral !art of the 2hole %uilding. FcG the ty!es of floor construction used shall !roide 1eans to
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CHAPER 2#
PRO9EC DES$"!
$n)ut-Pro*ess-Out)ut
The In!ut8rocess8$ut!ut is a gra!hical re!resentation of all factors5!rocedures in 2hich the required in!uts such as
PROCESS
OUPU
Re8uire,ents in: Dt "t7ering no>ledge:
'0 AutoCA0 70 AutoCA0 0esigning
Design • •
70 Modelling
0esign of Auto1ated Beehie 2ith Android Technology
Multi)le Constrints Engineering Stndrds
igure 7.) In!ut8rocess8$ut!ut igure 7.) sho2s the require1ents and ho2 the design 2as !rocessed. The in!uts hae all the necessary require1ents %efore the design can %e !rocess. It is the first thing that should %e !re!ared. The !rocess is 1ade u! of engineering 1ethodologies required for the !roduction of the design !ro+ect. The in!uts are 1ade u! of Kno2ledge& Hard2are& 4oft2are& Multi!le Constraints and 4tandard require1ents. The
Design 0: "eorgin Colonil Design
The designers 1ade the first 1odel as a square or sy11etrical sha!e %uilding 2ith !aneled front door at the center. It has also a 1ediu1 !itched roof and a 1ini1al roof oerhang. These characteristics 2ere %ased fro1 the 6eorgian Colonial ho1e and %uilding styles. indo2s 2ere rectangular and the sa1e 2idth %ut so1eti1es the height aries fro1 floor to floor or %ased %y the !lan of the designer. Li(?3 Location of !ro!erty F'G =BC& section @(3 4i#e and di1ension of roo1s. F7G =BC& section >()3 $ccu!ancy Classified. Fsee Cha!ter '3 0esign 4tandardsG The designers add a little %it of 1odern touch %y not using %ric
The 1anufactura%ility of the co1!onents 2ould %e really %eneficial for the designers %ecause the 1aterials can %e !urchased 2ithin the country itself and there:s no need for ordering it fro1 another country. E*ono,i*s
The designers too< consideration of the cost of the 1aterials to %e used in this design. As stated in Ta%le 78 ) %elo2 the list of costing that 2ould %e used in designing a 78storey 1ixed8use %uilding %ased on a 6eorgian Colonial Architecture. As stated %elo2 the !aint is the 1ost afforda%le co1!onent co1!are to all of the 1aterials %ecause there is no need to color the 2alls for there are 2all tiles to %e a!!lied.
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Ta%le 78) Cost of Materials of 0esign ) Materials
Costs H *?(&(((.(( H 7@(&(((.(( H 77(&(((.(( H '**&(((.(( H '(&(((.((
Ce,ent Hollo> Blo*?s Ply>ood@+or,>or?s ood@roug7 ll iles@Plin Se,i"loss "lss Roo+s7eets Pint@< Ltex
H '*(&(((.(( H 7*(&(((.(( H )((&(((.((
Ta%le 78) sho2s the different co1!onents and total cost of the 1aterials of design ). The designers used Ce1ent %ecause it is one of the 1ost needed 1aterials in constructing any structure and those ce1ent cost h! *?(&(((. Hollo2 %loc
The igure 7.' illustrates the design of 78story 1ixed8use %uilding3 AutoCA0 design.
igure 7.' 784torey Mixed8use Building 0esign ) @
The designers constructed a 0esign of 784torey Mixed89se Building using the 6eorgian Colonial Architecture design. igure 7.' sho2s the structure of the 78storey 1ixed8use %uilding using the 6eorgian Colonial 4tyle. As sho2n on the figure& the design one really e1!hasi#es the square and the sy11etrical sha!e of the design. It can %e also clearly seen that the 2indo2s of the second and third floor are really 1ade 2ith the sa1e 2idth and height 2hile on the first floor the floor8to8ceiling 2indo2s are used. Design 2: Modern Ar*7ite*turl Design
In this design& the designers 2ant to %rea< a2ay fro1 coo(>3 Maxi1u1 Height of Buildings& section >(?3 Location of ro!erty& section @(3 4i#e and 0i1ension of roo1s& section >()3 $ccu!ancy Classified& section )'(*3 loor Construction. Fsee Cha!ter '3 0esign 4tandardsG 0esign ' is different fro1 the !receding design %ecause instead of o!ting for the traditional triangular8 %ased or crafts1an style roof lines& the designers dare to !ush the enelo!e on roof design. 4tructures 1ight hae 1ulti!le roof lines at different leels& sho2ing off the co1!lexity of the oerall design and the unco11on silhouette of the structure. Earying lines and elongated aulted ceilings& as 2ell as interesting oerhangs or unusual linear ele1ents are 1ixed to create a 1ore unique state1ent. Many 1id8century structures use 2indo2s extensiely to %ring in light. That:s 2hy the designers feature floor8to8ceiling 2indo2s and a sliding door. They also include o!en interior floor !lans 2ith fe2er 2alls. Sustin5ility
The question of sustaina%ility is not a se!arate design question& %ut is !art of the design of the 2hole %uilding& contri%uting to a co1forta%le& lo2 1aintenance& high !erfor1ance ho1e. By ai1ing to design for each unique situation and to %e ins!ired %y its !ur!ose as discussed a 2hile %ac<& the designers assure that 2hen designing the %uilding& the sustaina%ility 2ill %e highly considered. Mnu+*tur5ility
The 1anufactura%ility of the design 2ould %e really %eneficial for the designers %ecause the 1aterials can %e !urchased 2ithin the country itself and there:s no need for ordering it fro1 another country. E*ono,i*s
The designers too< consideration of the cost of the 1aterials to %e used in 0esign '. As stated in Ta%le 787 %elo2 the list of costing that 2ould %e used in designing a 1odern architectural 78storey 1ixed8use %uilding. As stated %elo2 ce1ent has the highest !rice %ut still reasona%le. Ta%le 78' Cost of Materials of 0esign ' Materials
Costs
Ce,ent Hollo> Blo*?s Metl Brs Ply>ood@&or,>or?s Roo+ s7eets ll ile@Astori Blue
H *?(&(((.(( H ?'(&(((.(( H ?(&(((.(( H 7*(&(((.(( H ?((&(((.(( H )*(&(((.((
ll ile@Csey Lig7t Blue
H )'(&(((.((
ll ile@Csey Blue
H )'(&(((.((
>o->y ,irror Pint@'DE
H '(&(((.(( H )(&(((.((
Ta%le 787 sho2s the co1!onents and total cost of the 1aterials of design '. The difference %et2een ta%le 78) and ta%le 787 is that they use different
igure 7.7 784torey Mixed8use Building 0esign '
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The designers constructed a 78storey 1ixed8use %uilding3 AutoCA0 design using Modern Architectural 0esign. igure 7.7 sho2s the 0esign ' using the 1odern Architectural 0esign. The design uses different ty!es of 2all tiles and !aint. T2o82ay 1irrors are also used in this design.
Design 3: Mid-Century Modern Design
igure 7.? FaG sho2s the third design of the !ro!osed 78storey 1ixed8used %uilding. The designers used the 1id8century 1odern touch as a %asis for this design %ecause the designers 2ant to hae an e1!hasis of rectangular for1s and hori#ontal and ertical lines. Because in the 1id8century& sha!es of houses are %ased %oxes or lin
Based on Build LLC F'())G& old school !assie designs are highly sustaina%le. And %ecause of 1id8century 1odern design also uses 1odern 1aterials and syste1s& the design is ex!ected to hae a high sustaina%ility rate. Mnu+*tur5ility
The 1anufactura%ility of the design 2ould %e really %eneficial for the designers %ecause the 1aterials can %e !urchased 2ithin the country itself and there:s no need for ordering it fro1 another country. E*ono,i*s
The designers too< consideration of the cost of the 1aterials to %e used in design 7. As stated in Ta%le 78* %elo2 the list of costing that 2ould %e used in designing a 78storey 1ixed8used %uilding %ased on a 1id8 century 1odern design. As stated %elo2& the ce1ent is the 1aterial to %e %ought 2hich the !rice is a little %it higher& %ut still reasona%le %ecause it 2ill %e used as one of the 1ain 1aterial to %uild the structure. ))
Ta%le 78* Cost of Materials of 0esign 7 Materials Ce,ent Hollo> Blo*?s Ply>ood@+or,>or?s ood@roug7 ll ile@D)7ne Mtte Bro>n ll ile@As7ley Hi"loss 7ite "lss Roo+ s7eets Pint@<>ll En,el
Costs H *'(&(((.(( H 7((&(((.(( H '7(&(((.(( H '7(&(((.(( H )*(&(((&(( H '@(&(((.(( H '(&(((.(( H 7(&(((.(( H )*(&(((.((
Ta%le 78* sho2s the cost of each co1!onent for design 7. ro1 the ta%le& it could %e seen that different
igure 7.? FaG illustrates the third design of a 78storey 1ixed8 use %uilding and igure F%G
7.?
illustrates floor !lan of the 0esign 7
igure 7.? F%G 0esign 7 loor lan
igure 7.? FaG 784tory Mixed8use Building 0esign 7
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The designers constructed a 78storey 1ixed8use %uilding3 AutoCA0 design using Mid8Century Modern 0esign. igure 7.? FaG sho2s the 0esign 7 2hile the floor !lan that has %een used in the design 7 is sho2n in igure 7.? F%G.The design e1!hasi#e rectangular for1s and hori#ontal and ertical lines. It also %rea
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CHAPER 3#
DES$"! RADE-O&&S
Design rde-o++s
4tarting u! the design trade8offs& the designers consider the functionality that can satisfy the constraints discussed at cha!ter '. The designers select the 1ost efficient design to %e used that 2ill gie the a!!ro!riate functionality for the !ro+ect design. In the !ro+ect& the use of the right design 2as !laced under consideration. The trade8offs !roide the co1!arison of each co1!onent to %e used in the !ro!osal. Based on the constraints articulated !reiously& the arious decision criteria 2ere deried. 9sing the 1odel on trade8off strategies in engineering design !resented %y $tto and Antonsson F))G& the i1!ortance of each criterion Fon a scale of ( to *& * 2ith the highest i1!ortance 2as assigned and each design technology:s a%ility to satisfy the criterion Fon a scale fro1 8* to *& * 2ith the highest a%ility to satisfy the criterionG 2as li
( Higher Value− Lower Value ) Higher Value
E8ution <#0
Subordinate Rank Governing Rank ( %Difference ) x 10 =
−
E8ution <#2
The goerning ran< 2as the su%+ectie o!tion of the designers 2here in the alue for the criterion:s i1!ortance and its a%ility to satisfy the criterion 2ould %e chosen %y the designers. 9nli
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Ta%le ?8) 0esigner Ta%ulation or1 0ecision Criteria
Criterion:s I1!ortance F$n scale of ( to *G
A%le to satisfy the criterion F$n scale fro1 8* to *G 0esign ) 0esign ' FModernG F6eorgianG
0esign 7 FMid8CenturyG
/cono1ic FCostG Manufactura%ility FAaila%ilityG
7 *
7
? 7
?
4ustaina%ility FLife 4!anG
?
? ?
?>
7 ?
O6erll Rn?
Reference: F$tto& ))G http://www.design.caltech.edu/Research/Publications/90e.pdf on March , !0".
In deter1ining the trade8offs for the designs& the designers assigned res!ectie i1!ortance alues for each criterion sho2n in Ta%le ?8). The 1anufactura%ility or the aaila%ility 2as gien the i1!ortance %y ran
Ta%le ?8' sho2s the oer8all cost of the 0esign )& ' and 7. The ran
Total H '&?(&(((.(( H '&@(&(((.(( H '&*)(&(((.(
Ta%le ?8' re!resents the !rice of the deice in the industry and its quantities 2hen 1anufactured. The equations 1entioned a%oe 2ere considered to calculate for the alues of the a%ility to satisfy the criterion.
)*
Co,)uttion +or rde-O++s 0:
To co1!ute the alue of the a%ility to satisfy the criterion the designers need to deter1ine the alue of the su%ordinate ran<. As +or t7e Design 0 @"eorgin: %difference =
( Modern−Georgian) ( Modern)
To get the !ercent difference& su%tract the alue of the first design that consists of Load cell to the alue of the third design that consists of Touch sensor and diide it into the alue of Load cell. %difference =
2,980,000−2,510,000
(2,980,000 )
%difference =0.16 Subordinate Rank Governing Rank ( %difference ) x 10 =
−
Subordinate Rank =3 −( 0.16 ) x 10 Subordinate Rank =1.4
igure ?.) 4u%ordinate ran
The alue calculated fro1 the su%ordinate ran< 2ould %e tailing in the Ta%le ?8). To calculate the alue of the criterion of MidCentury& use equations '.) and '.'3
)
%difference =
MidCentury −Georgian ( MidCentury )
%difference =
2,510,000−2,980,000
(2,510,000 )
%difference
0.19
=−
Subordinate Rank Governing Rank ( %difference ) x 10 =
−
Subordinate Rank =3 −(−0.19 ) x 10 Subordinate Rank =4.9
igure ?.' 4u%ordinate ran
Ta%le ?87 sho2s the esti1ated nu1%er of days in order to acquire the sensors used for the three designs. The ta%le is used as the %asis of the ran
0esign
0ayFsG to Acquire
0esign )
7
)>
0esign '
)
0esign 7
*
As stated on the !reious cha!ter& 1anufactura%ility 2as one of the 1ost i1!ortant design constraints %ecause the designers 2ant to follo2 2hat has %een !lanned and %ought all the 1aterials 2hich are exactly needed. The esti1ated days to acquire the desired co1!onent are ) day since the co1!onent is aaila%le 2ithin the country.
Co,)uttion +or rde-O++s 2:
All of the designs hae si1ilarities 2hen it co1es to the aaila%ility of the 1aterials. Though they still differ on the 1aterials to %e used and other 1aterials are hard to find. 9sing the equations ?.) and ?.'& the alue of 1anufactura%ility criterion can %e calculated.
%difference
( MidCentury Modern ) ( MidCentury )
%difference =
( 5−1 ) (5 )
=
−
%difference =0.8 Subordinate Rank Governing Rank ( %difference ) x 10 =
−
Subordinate Rank =5− ( 0.8 ) x 10 Subordinate Rank =−3
)@
igure ?.7 4u%ordinate ran
9sing the sa1e equations& the alue of the Modern Architectural 0esign can %e calculated as follo2s3
%difference
=
( Georgian Modern) ( Modern) −
%difference =
( 3−1 ) (3 )
%difference
0.67
=
Subordinate Rank Governing Rank ( %difference ) x 10 =
−
Subordinate Rank =5− ( 0.67 ) x 10 Subordinate Rank =−5
)
igure ?.? 4u%ordinate ran
Ta%le ?8? sho2s the life s!an or sustaina%ility of each co1!onent de!ending on their quality. The designers considered another 1ethod of co1!uting the sustaina%ility criterion. The criteria 2ere ran
Criteria
0esign )
0esign '
0esign 7
Accuracy
7
'
7
4ensitiity
'
'
'
4ta%ility
)
7
'
Life 4!an
'
'
7
ast Res!onse Ti1e
)
'
7
Linearity
'
7
7
otl
))
)?
)
'(
The designers chose the 0esign 7 to o%tain the highest ran< due to its aaila%ility and sustaina%ility to %e used in the design. To calculate the alues of the a%ility to satisfy the sustaina%ility criterion& it 2as required to deter1ine the alue of the su%ordinate ran<. Co,)uttion +or rde-O++s 3:
By using the sa1e equations fro1 %efore equations '.) and '.'& the designers 2ere a%le to co1!ute the alue needed for the said criterion.
( Higher value Lower value ) ( highervalue) −
%difference
=
%difference =
( 16−11 ) ( 16 )
%difference =0.3 Subordinate Rank Governing Rank ( %difference ) x 10 =
−
Subordinate Rank =4 − ( 0.3 ) x 10 Subordinate Rank =0.1
igure ?.* 4u%ordinate ran
( Higher value− Lower value ) ( higher value ) ')
( 14 11) ( 14 ) −
%difference
=
%difference=0.21
Subordinate Rank =Governing Rank −( %difference ) x 10 Subordinate Rank
(
)
4 − 0.21 x 10
=
Subordinate Rank =1.9
igure ?. 4u%ordinate ran
Based on the constraints articulated !reiously& the arious decision criteria 2ere deried. 9sing the 1odel on trade8off strategies in engineering design !resented %y $tto and Antonsson F))G& the i1!ortance of each criterion Fon a scale of ( to *& * 2ith the highest i1!ortance 2as assigned and each design technology:s a%ility to satisfy the criterion Fon a scale fro1 8* to *& * 2ith the highest a%ility to satisfy the criterionG 2as li
Ta%le ?8* Ta%ulation of Trade8offs 0ecision Criteria
Criterion:s I1!ortance F$n scale of ( to *G
A%le to satisfy the criterion F$n scale fro1 8* to *G 0esign ) 0esign ' FModernG F6eorgianG
0esign 7 FMid8CenturyG
''
/cono1ic FCostG Manufactura%ility FAaila%ilityG
7 *
7
? 7
?
4ustaina%ility FLife 4!anG
?
? ?
?>
7 ?
O6erll Rn?
The designers ran
$n+luen*e o+ Design rde O++s in t7e &inl Design
The constraints& trade8offs and standards contri%uted in the !roduction of this design. In accordance 2ith the 1ulti!le constraints that the designers stated& choosing the right co1!onent de!ends on the afforda%ility of the 1aterials the nu1%ers of years that the co1!onent 1ay %e used 2ithout %eing re!laced and the aaila%ility of the 1aterials in order for the !roduction of the design to 1eet the deadline. These constraints %eca1e the criteria for the tradeoff ta%le 2here the co1!arisons for each design to %e used 2ere ex!ressed. The standards stated in the !reious cha!ter hae %een considered 2hen 1easure1ent for each s!ecific co1!onent and !rocess 2ere ta
'7
The costs of each co1!onent hae %een ta
The aaila%ility of the 1aterial has %een ta
The life s!an of the co1!onent 2as also ta
'?
