NRI INSTITUTE OF INFORMATION SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY BHOPAL (M.P.)
AFFILIATED TO R.G.P.V. BHOPAL
Department of civil engineering A Minor Project Report on “Estimate & costing of double storey building” Submmited by :Brajesh Verma (0115ce 101017)
Approved by:Mr. J.P.NANDA
Guidance by: Mr. IQBAL HAFIS KHAN
CERTIFICATE
This is certify that the project entitled. “Estimate and Costing of Double storey Building” submitted by Brajesh verma, Rajesh Pawar, Ravi kumar Pathak, Rohit Tiwari, Shaurabh Shukla, Shailendra Malviya, Shreyansh Jain, Subhendra Gurjar, Vijay Sheel Mishra, Wasim Akram Ansari, Neeraj Jatav and Neeraj Dahayat in partial fulfillments for the requirements for the award of Bachelor of Technology Degree in Civil Engineering at NRI Institute of Science and Technology, Bhopal ( Rajeev Gandhi Technical University ) is an authentic work carried out by them under my super vision and guidance.
To the best of my knowledge, the matter embodied in the thesis has not been submitted to any other university / Institute for the awarded of any Degree.
Mr. J.P. NANDA Dept. of Civil Engineering Nri institude of Science and Technology Bhopal
DECLARATION
We hereby declare that the project report of estimate and costing of double storey building for the project of bachelor of Technology Degree in CIVIL Engineering at Nri institute Of science & technology,Bhopal ( Rajeev Gandhi Technical University ) is a record of my own work carried out under the guidance . We further declare that the matter is this report has not been submitted by us for the award of any other degree.
Under the Guidance Mr. Iqbal hafis khan
NAME:Brajesh Verma 0115ce101017 Rajesh Pawar 0115ce101041 Ravi kumar Pathak 0115ce101044 Rohit Tiwari 0115ce101045 Saurabh Shukla 0115ce101050 Shailendra malviya 0115ce101051 Shreyansh Jain 0115ce101053 Subhendra Gurjar 0115ce101054 Vijaya sheel Mishra 0115ce101061 Wasim Akram Ansari 0115ce101064 Neeraj Jatav 0115ce091038 Neeraj Dahayat 0115ce091037
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We placed on record and warmly acknoledge the contineous encouragement invaluable supervision, timly suggestions and inspired guidanc offered by our guide Mr. Iqbal Hafis Department of civil engineering, NRI Institute of Science and Technology, Bhopal in bringing this report to a successfull completion. We are gratefull to Mr. J.P. Nanda , HOD of civil Engineering Department, for permitting us to make use of the facilities available in the department to carry out the project successfully. Lest but not the least we express our since thanks to all of our friends who have patiently extended all sorts of help for accomplishing this under taking. Finally we extend our gratefulness to one and all whos are directly or indirectly involved in the successfull completion of the project work.
Brajesh Verma (0115ce101017) Rajesh pawar(0115ce101041) Ravi kumar Pathak(0115ce101044) Rohit Tiwari(0115ce101045) Shaurabh Shukla(0115ce101050) Shailendra Malviya(0115ce101051) Shreyansh Jain(0115ce101053) Subhendra Gurjar(0115ce101054) Vijay sheel mishra(0115ce101061) Wasim Akram Ansari(0115ce101064) Neeraj Jatav(0115ce091038) Neeraj Dahayat(0115ce091037)
A PROJECT REPORT
On ESTIMATE & COSTING OF DOUBLE STOREY BUILDING For Department of Civil Engineering By
BRAJESH VERMA SHAILENDRA MALVIYA ROHIT TIWARI RAVI KUMAR PATHAK SOURABH SHUKLA SHUBHENDRA GURJAR SHREYANSH JAIN VIJAY SHEEL MISHRA RAJESH PAWAR WA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF GRADUATE PROGRAM IN CIVIL ENGINEERING NRI INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY BHOPAL
(2010-2014)
INDEX
INTRODUCTION IMPORTANCE OF ESTIMATION TYPE OF ESTIMATION DATA USES FOR ESTIMATION METHOD OF ESTIMATION ESTIMATION OF DOUBLE STORY BUILDING ABSTRACT TOTAL AMOUNT
INTRODUCTION
For all engineering works it is required to know beforehand the probable cost of construction know as the estimated cost. If the estimated cost is grater then the money available, then attempts are made to reduced the cost by reducing the work or changing the specification. From this the importance of estimate for engineers may be understood. In preparing in estimate, the quantities of different items of work are calculated by simple mensuration method and from these quantities the cost is calculated. The subject of estimating is simple, nothing much to understand, but knowledge of drawing is essential. One who understand and can read drawing may find out the dimension- length, breath, & height etc. In preparing an estimate one has to go in to details of each items, big or small, nothing can be left or missed. Accuracy in estimate is very important, if estimate is exceeded is becomes a very difficult problem for engineers to explain to account for and arrange for the additional money. Inaccuracy in preparing estimate, omission of items, change in designs improper rates etc.
IMPORTANCE OF ESTIMATING
The following are importance of estimation to get the data of funds to be sanctioned by the owner or authority. the estimation is very important. If proper estimation is done , then an engineer will be done to optimized the use of sanctioned fund. In estimation, quantities and grade of materials are mentioned, so an engineer can do the use of materials efficiently. If an owner or authority want any loan from banks, then for demanding loan, estimation is required. Any construction will be a time bound program with condition of available funds.
TYPES OF ESTIMATION
The following are the different type of estimate : Approximate or abstract estimate or rough cost estimate.
Plinth area estimate
Cube rate estimate or cubical content estimate estimate
Approximate quantity method
estimate
Detailed estimate or item rate
Revised estimate
Supplementary estimate
te
Supplementary & revised estima
Annual repair estimate
Approximate or abstract estimate or rough cost estimate This is require for study in basic way of work or project to decides the financial position and policy for admintrative sanction by competent administrative authority .this type of estimate is prepared for the practical knowledge and cost of similar works .the estimate is accompanied by a brief report explaining the necessity of the project. Givan an idea of the cost of the proposal after taking into consideartion the reiquirment of the department of concerned .on the basis of this estimate the competent sanctioning authority accords “administrative approval” after due scrutiny.The rough cost estimate in preparde from the practical knowledge and cost of similar works. The rough cost estimate is accompanied by :A.A detailed report B. Brief spesifications C. Side plan or layout plan showing the proposal in hand D. Line plan showing the north line on it E. Brief idea of rates for different items.` This estimate is prepared on the following line for various structured and works :–
1. Building – (i) Per student for school and hostels, Per classroom for school, Per bad for hospitals, Per site for cinema, Per bay for factories etc. (ii) On Plinth area basis (per sqm) On cubic content basis (per cubic metre) 2. Roads and Highways – Par KM length. 3. Irrigation channels – Per KM basis depending upon the capacity of channel or area of land commanded. 4.Bridges and Culverts - per running meter of span, depending upon the road way. 5.Sewerage project and water supply project – per head of population. 6.Over head water tank – on the basis of capacity per liter of tank ; etc.
Plinth area estimate for building This is prepared on the basis of plinth area of building the rate being deduced from the cost of similar building having similar specification, height and construction in the locality. Plinth area estimate is calculated by finding the plinth area of building and multiplying by the plinth area rate. This estimate is an approximate estimate it consists of working out the plinth area of a building which is multiplied by plinth area rate to get an estimate for that building (i.e. plinth area rate par sqm × plinth area of building) . It gives an idea of the cost of construction without working out the details. The plinth area should be calculated for the roofed area of a building by taking external dimensions, excluding the plinth offsets. The area of courtyard etc. should not be included in it. The plinth area estimate is accompanied by :A.Report B.Line plan of the building C.Brief specifications
D.Line plan of the building for which the plinth area rate is considered
Cube rate estimate or cubical content estimate This is calculated by finding the cubical content of the building and multiplying by cubical rate. This estimate is also an approximate estimate, it is worked out on the basis of the cubical contents of the proposed building to be constructed and then applying to it the rate per cubic metre.
{ plinth area of the building×height ( is taken from the top of floor level to the top of flat roof or half way of the sloped roof ) × cubic content rate } This estimate is considered more accurate then that of the plinth area estimate as the height of the building is also taken into account :It is accompanied by :• A brief Report • Line plan of the building • Brief specifications • Line plan of the building for which the which
• The cubic content rate is considered
Approximate quantity method estimate: In this method approximate total length of wall is found in running meter(RM) and this total length multiplied by the rate per running meter of wall gives a faisly accurate cost. This is a complete estimate of quantities for all items of work required to complete a project. The quantity of individual item of work is calculated from the respective dimensions on the drawing. The cost of individual item is obtained by multiplying the quantity with the rate per unit for that item.
Detailed estimate or item rate estimate: Detailed estimate consists of the detailed particulars for the quantities, rates and costs of all items involved for satisfactory completion of a project. On the approval of the rough estimate or after getting the “administrative approval” this estimate is prepared in detail prior to inviting of tenders and for getting “technical sanction” for the competent authority.in it the whole project is divided into sub-works .the cost of each sub- work is calculated separarately and then added together to give the total cost of project. Detailed estimate is an accurate estimate and consist of working out the quantities of each item of work and working the cost .the dimension (length, breath & height). This estimate is the best and most accurate that can be prepared. Detailed estimate is accompanied by :• A detailed report. • Detail specifications for the execution
• • • •
of work. Detail drawings, (plan, site plan, layout plan, elevations, sectional elevations,cross section. Calculation and design of various items such as Beam, Slabs, Irrigation channels etc. Schedule of rates followed and premium if any. Analysis of rates for non schedule rate items.
Revised estimate The Revised estimate should be accompanied by all the papers as in case of detailed estimate and also should include the comparative statement, showing the variation ineach item of work, its quantity rate and cost original and revised, excess or saving and giving the reasons of excess or saving in case of each item.
Revised estimate is a required to be prepared under any one of the following circumstances: When the original sanctioned estimate is exceed or likely to exceed by more than 5 %. When the expenditure on a work exceeds or likely to exceed the amount of administrative sanction by more than 10%. When the expenditure on a work exceed or likely to exceed the amount of administrative sanction by more than 10%. When there are material derivation from the original proposal ,ever though the cost may be
met from the sanctioned amount.
Supplementary estimate This estimate is a detailed estimate and is prepared when additional works are required to supplement the original works or when further development is required during the programs of works. When some additions are done in the original work, a fresh detailed estimate is prepared to supplement the original work. this estimate is called supplementary estimate. It is also accompanied by all the papers is required in the detail estimate.
Supplementary & revised estimate: When work is partially abandoned and the estimate cost of the remaining work is less than 95 % of the original work i.e. less than 95% of the original sanctioned estimate or when there are material deviation and changes
in the design which may cause substainal saving in the estimate, then the amount of original estimate is revised by the authority.
DATA USES FOR ESTIMATING
PLOT AREA
SUPER BUILT UP AREA
SIZE
FOUNDATION EXCAVATION
HEIGHT OF BUILDING
PLAN
SECTION
ELEVATION
METHOD OF ESTIMATING
The dimensions, length, breadth and height or depth are to be taken out from the working drawings (plan, elevation and section). Junctions of walls, corners and the meeting points of walls require special attention. For symmetrical footings, which is the usual case, earthwork in excavation in foundations, foundation concrete, brickwork in foundation and plinth, and brickwork in superstructure may be estimated by either of the two methods: (1) SEPARATE OR INDIVIDUAL WALL METHOD
(2) CENTER LINE METHOD
SEPARATE OR INDIVIDUAL WALLS METHOD
• The walls running in one direction are termed as "long walls” and the walls running in the transverse direction, as "Short walls", without keeping in mind which wall is lesser in length and which wall is greater in length. • Lengths of long walls are measured or found "Out-to out" and those of short walls as "In-to-in". • Different quantities are calculated by multiplying the length by the breadth and the height of the wall. • The same rule applies to the excavation in foundation, to concrete bed in foundation, D.P.C., masonry in foundation and super structure etc.
This method can also be worked out in a quicker way, as follows: For long walls For short walls
For long walls For long walls add to the centre length one breadth of wall,which gives the length of the wall out- to- out, multiply this length by the breadth and the height and get the quantities .thus for finding the quantities of earth work in excavation, for length of the trench outto-out add to the centre length one breadth of foundation adopt the same process for foundation concrete, and for each footing.it should be noted that footing is to be taken separately and the breadth of the particular footing is to be added to the centre length. ( long wall length out-to out =Centre to Centre length + half breadth on one side + half breadth on the other side = centre to centre length + one breadth ) First of all, find the length of the foundation trench of the long wall “out-to-out” in the same manner as explained above. The length of the foundation concrete is the same.
• For the length of the first footing or first step of the brick wall, subtract two offsets (2x6"=12") in foundation concrete from the length of the trench or concrete. • For the second footing subtract from the length of the 1st Footing two (2x2.25"= 4.5"), for 3rd footing subtract from the length of the 2nd footing 2 offsets (4.5") and in this way deal with the long walls up to the super-structure.
For short walls For short or cross walls subtract ( instead of adding ) from the centre length one breadth of wall, which gives the length in-to-in, and repeat the same process as for the long walls, subtracting one breadth instead of adding. (Short wall length in-to-in = centre to entre length – one breadth ) Follow he same method but instead of subtracting add two offsets to get the corresponding lengths in-to-in. For short wall follow the same method but instead of subtreacting,add to offsates to get the corrosponding length in-to-in. It will be noticed that by taking dimensions in this way, the short walls are incesing in length. It may also be noted that the wall which is taken first is to be treated as longht wall though its length may be lesser, and the other wall be treated as short wall.
This method is simple and accurate and there is no chance for any mistake. This method may be name as short wall & general method.
CENTRE LINE METHOD In this method, total length of centre lines of walls, long and short, has to be found out.
Find the total length of centre lines of walls of same type, having same type of foundations and footings and then find the quantities by multiplying the total centre length by the respective breadth and the height.
In this method, the length will remain the same for excavation in foundations, for concrete in foundations, for all footings, and for superstructure (with slight difference when there are cross walls or number of junctions).
This method is quicker but requires special attention and considerations at the junctions, meeting points of partition or cross walls.
For rectangular, circular polygonal (hexagonal, octagonal etc) buildings having no inter or cross walls, this method is quite simple.
For buildings having cross or partition walls, for every junction, half breadth of the respective item or footing is to be deducted from the total centre length.
Thus in the case of a building with one partition wall or cross wall having two junctions, deduct one breadth of the respective item of work from the total centre length
In such cases, no deduction of any kind need be made for A type walls, but when B type walls are taken, for each junction deduction of half breadth of A type walls (main Walls) shall have to be made from the total centre length of B type walls.
At corners of the building where two walls are meeting, no subtraction or addition is required.
In the figure, the double crosshatched areas marked P,Q,R, & S come twice, while
blank areas, A,B,C, & D do not come at all, but these
portions being equal in magnitude, we get the correct quantity.
ESTIMATE OF DOUBLE STOREYED BULILDING EXP.Prepare a detailed estimate of double storeyed residential building consisting four two roomed quarters (two quarters in each storey) from the showing drawing and general specifications. the astimate of ground floor and first floor should be prepared separately. The estimate of the Mumty room (staircase room in the 2nd floor) should be included in the estimate of the first floor. Assume suitable rates.Workout also Plinth Area rate of the building. GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS :Foundation & Plinth- Foundation, concrete shall be of lime concrete with over burnt brick ballast. Foundation and plinth masonry shall be first class brickwork in lime mortar.
DPC- Damp Proof course shall be provided at the plinth level with 2.5 cm thick layer of C.C. of cement coarse sand and stone chips in the proportion of 1:1½:3 mixed with standard water proofing compound Superstructure- 30 cm thick walls of the main rooms in ground floor shall be of first class brick work in lime mortar. All 20cm thick walls in ground floor and first floor shall be first class brickwork with 1:6 cement and local sand mortar. 10 cm partition walls shall be first class brickwork with 1:3 cement coarse sand mortar with hoop iron or equivalent reinforcement every fourth layer.
Roof & Floor- Floor of ground floor shall be 2.5 cm C.C. 1:2:4 over 7.5 cm lime concrete. Floor of first floor shall be 2.5 cm 1:2:4 over R.C.C. slab. Roof of the first floor shall be 7.5 cm lime concrete terracing over R.C.C. slab. All R.C.C. works shall be of C.C. 1:2:4 of cement coarse sand ,stone chips, reinforced with 1% reinforcement.
Door and Window – Door & window chowkhats shall be of sal wood of 10cm *7.5cm in section. All door and window shutters shall be 3cm think pannelled of deodar wood. mumty room window shall be fully glazed with 3cm thick deodar wood. 4cm R.C.C. jalli shall be provided over bath & W.C doors and over mumty room glazed windows for
ventilation. All window shall be provided with 20mm dia bar. Iron hold fast shall be provided for fixing doors & windows chowkhats. PLASTERING – All walls shall be plastered with 12mm thick 1:6 cement local sand mortar. Ceiling and under side of R.C.C. work shall be finished with 6mm thick 1:3 cement & medium sand mortar. All in side wall shall be provided with 20cm high skirting with 12mm thick 1:3 cement coarse sand mortar neat cement finished. Dado of 12mm thick cement coarse sand 1:3 mortar neat cement finished shall be provided in kitchen & W.C. up to 50cm height and in bathroom up to 100cm height. Steps shall be provided with 20mm thick plaster with 1:3 cement coarse sand mortar neat cement finished.
Painting, white washing & colour washing – All doors and windows shall be painted two coats over one coat of priming. Back of chowkats shall be painted with two coats of coaltar. In side walls, ceiling , undersides of sunshades shall be white washed three coat. Out sides shall be colour washed two coat over one coat of white washing.
Rain & water pipes – six no. 100 mm dia. A.C. rain water down pipes shall be provided
Electrification,water supply and sanitery works- provision for internal
electrification,water supply and sanitery works shall be provided on parcentage basis.
PLAN
SECTION
ELEVATION
ABSTRACT
Work
Total Cost in
1.Cost in earthwork (including 32455 site clearance , excavation in foundation & earthwork in filling in plinth)
2.Concrete
34485.15
3.Brickwork
54382.58
(including centering and shuttering ,stair case, damp proof course etc.) (including foundation, plinth wall, superstructure etc.)
4.Wood work
(including doors , windows, roshandan etc,)
31732.43
5.Steel & Iron work
30235.25
6.Plastering & pointing
12326.86
(rainforcement bars including bending, iron for hold fasts and window bars, work in staircase railing)
( including ceiling , walls, steps & cement finishing )
7.Flooring (including lime
5644.02
concrete & finishing.)
8.Painting (including two coat
2030.31
9.Misscellaneous items
2322.07
over one coat priming & doors & windows also )
(like rain water pipe etc.)
TOTAL AMOUNT
Total =
216718.64
8% of water supply & sanitary work = 17337.45 8% for electrification works = 17337.45
Total
=251393.54
3% for contingencies = 7541.80 2%for work charged establishment = 5027.87 Total Say
= 263963.21 = 263963.00
