© 2019 PT. Kreasi Edulab Indonesia
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STOIKIOMETRI 1.
Suatu senyawa dengan Mr = 102 mengandung 54% unsur X (Ar = 27) dan sisanya unsur Y (Ar = 16). Perkiraan rumus molekul senyawa tersebut adalah… A. X2Y D. X2Y3 B. XY2 E. XY C. X3Y2 [Stoikiometri, Litbang 2019, Mudah]
2.
Persentase massa atom karbon (Ar = 12) dalam suatu senyawa organik adalah 80%. Jika tetapan Avogadro adalah 6,0 x 10 23, jumlah atom C yang terdapat dalam 9 gram senyawa tersebut adalah… A. 6,0 x 10 22 D. 4,8 x 1023 B. 1,8 x 10 23 E. 7,2 x 1023 C. 3,6 x 10 23 [Stoikiometri, SBMPTN 2018, Mudah]
3.
Analisis massa suatu senyawa menghasilkan 36% C, 7% H, 48% O, dan 19% F. Senyawa tersebut memiliki Mr = 100. Bila Ar C = 12, H = 1, O = 16, dan F = 19 serta tetapan Avogadro = 6,0 x 10 23, maka jumlah atom O dalam 0,1 mol senyawa tersebut adalah … A. 6,0 x 10 23 D. 0,9 x 1023 B. 1,8 x 10 23 E. 0,6 x 1023 C. 1,2 x 10 23 [Stoikiometri, Modifikasi SBMPTN 2016, Sedang]
4.
Pupuk Urea adalah pupuk kimia mengandung nitrogen (N) berkadar tinggi. Unsur nitrogen merupakan zat hara yang sangat diperlukan tanaman. Pupuk urea berbentuk butir-butir kristal berwarna putih. Pupuk urea dengan rumus kimia CO(NH2)2 (Mr = 60) merupakan pupuk yang mudah larut dalam air dan sifatnya sangat mudah menghisap air (higroskopis), karena itu sebaiknya disimpan di tempat yang kering dan tertutup rapat. Pupuk urea mengandung unsur hara N sebesar 46% dengan pengertian setiap 100 kg mengandung 46 kg nitrogen. Jika pabrik pupuk dapat memproduksi memproduksi 12 juta ton urea/tahun, maka pernyataan yang benar adalah… 1) Jumlah gas nitrogen, N 2 (Mr = 28)/tahun yang digunakan adalah 5,6 juta ton 2) Rumus empiris dari urea adalah CONH 3) Volume gas nitrogen, N 2/tahun jika diukur pada keadaan standar adalah 4,48 x 10 6 juta liter 4) Mol urea yang dihasilkan lebih kecil dari mol gas nitrogen yang digunakan [HOTS, Stoikiometri, Litbang 2019, Sedang]
5.
Pembakaran sempurna 13,5 gram senyawa organik menghasilkan 44,0 gram CO 2 (Ar C = 12, O = 16) dan 13,5 gram H 2O (Ar H = 1). Diantara senyawa berikut yang kemungkinan merupakan senyawa organik tersebut adalah…
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Sebanyak 1,6 gram batuan yang mengandung tembaga dilarutkan dalam asam klorida pekat berlebih. Semua ion tembaga (Ar Cu = 63,5) dalam larutan ini diendapkan sebagai tembaga sulfida (Ar S = 32). Bila massa endapan yang diperoleh adalah 0,48 gram, maka kadar tembaga dalam batuan tersebut adalah… A. 60% D. 20% B. 40% E. 10% C. 30% [Stoikiometri, SBMPTN 2015, Sulit] Sebanyak 5,6 gram B 2H6 direaksikan dengan 42,6 gram gas Cl 2 sehingga terjadi reaksi berikut: B2H6 (g) + Cl 2 (g) → BCl3 (g) + HCl (g) (belum setara) Berikut ini pernyataan yang benar berdasarkan reaksi di atas adalah … 1) B2H6 merupakan pereaksi pembatas 2) Massa HCl (Ar H = 1, B = 11, Cl = 35,5) yang diperoleh dari reaksi tersebut adalah 21900 mg 3) Jumlah partikel gas Cl 2 yang bereaksi sebanyak 3,612 x 10 22 4) Volume gas HCl yang diperoleh adalah 12 liter jika diukur pada keadaan dimana 0,8 gram gas helium (Ar = 4) memiliki volume sebesar 4 liter [Stoikiometri, Litbang 2019, 2019, Sedang] Gas Y dapat dihasilkan dengan mereaksikan gas SO 2 dan gas O 2. Reaksi 3 L gas SO 2 dengan gas O 2 berlebih menghasilkan 10 gram gas Y. Jumlah mol SO 2 yang bereaksi sama dengan jumlah mol gas Y yang terbentuk. Jika 7 gram gas CO pada kondisi ini memiliki volume 6 L (Ar C = 12, O = 16), maka massa molekul relatif (Mr) gas Y adalah … A. 24 D. 72 B. 48 E. 80 C. 60
510 mg gas H 2S menurut persamaan reaksi (belum setara) berikut. M2S3 (s) + HCl (aq) → MCl3 (aq) + H 2S (aq) Jika diketahui Ar H = 1, S = 32, Cl = 35,5, maka Ar M adalah … A. 112 D. 56 B. 88 E. 37 C. 72 [Stoikiometri, SBMPTN 2017, Sedang] 10. Dalam wadah bervolume tetap pada temperatur tertentu, pembakaran sempurna 1,4 gram gas X menghasilkan 4,4 gram gas CO 2 (Mr = 44), jika tekanan parsial gas CO 2 pada kondisi tersebut adalah 2x tekanan parsial gas X. Massa molekul gas X adalah … A. 36 D. 26 B. 30 E. 14 C. 28 [Stoikiometri, SBMPTN 2018, Sedang] 11. Krom (III) oksida (Mr = 152) dapat direduksi menjadi logam krom (Ar = 52) menurut reaksi berikut. Cr2O3 (s) + 3CO (g) → 2Cr (s) + 3 CO 2(g) Jika persentase hasil reaksi di atas adalah 80%. Massa logam krom yang diperoleh dari reaksi antara 15,2 gram Cr 2O3 dan 5,6 gram gas CO (Mr = 28) adalah … A. 2,19 g D. 5,54 g B. 2,93 g E. 6,93 g C. 3,90 g [Stoikiometri, Modifikasi SBMPTN 2018, Sedang] 12. Gas metana dapat dihasilkan melalui reaksi berikut. CO (g) + 3H 2 (g) → CH4 (g) + H 2O (g) Pada P dan T yang sama, volume gas CH 4 (Mr = 16) yang dihasilkan dari 0,112 gram gas CO (Mr = 28) adalah 1/25 dari volume 4,6 gram gas X, massa molekul relatif gas X adalah 46
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13. Jika sebanyak 41,2 gram garam FeSO 4.xH2O dipanaskan menghasilkan 30,4 gram garam ferro sulfat anhidrat. Jumlah molekul hidrat dalam garam tersebut adalah… (Ar Fe = 56, S = 32, O =16, H = 1) A. 5 D. 2 B. 4 E. 1 C. 3 [Stoikiometri, Modifikasi UM Undip 2009, Mudah]
14. Sebanyak 76 gram campuran gas metana dan etana dibakar sempurna sehingga dihasilkan 220 gram gas CO 2, jika Ar C = 12, H = 1, O = 16, maka berat gas etana di dalam campuran gas tersebut adalah … A. 6 g D. 60 g B. 12 g E. 160 g C. 16 g [Stoikiometri, Modifikasi Modifikasi Simak UI 2009, Sulit]
15. Kalsium hidrida (CaH2), yaitu padatan kristalin tak berwarna dengan titik leleh mencapai 816 ⁰C. Seperti halnya LiH, CaH2 juga bereaksi hebat dengan air dan membebaskan gas hidrogen. Hidrida ini digunakan sebagai pembentuk gas hidrogen atau bahan dehidrator untuk pelarut organik atau dapat juga digunakan sebagai reduktor. Dalam sebuah generator, sejumlah 12,6 gram kalsium hidrida bereaksi sempurna dengan air sehingga menghasilkan kalsium hidroksida dan gas hidrogen dengan efisiensi reaksi sebesar 75%. Volume gas hidrogen yang dihasilkan jika diukur pada P dan T dimana 16 gram gas Oksigen memiliki volume 10 L adalah … (Ar H = 1, Ca = 40, O = 16) A. 0,9 L D. 6,0 L B. 1,2 L E. 9,0 L C. 3,0 L [Stoikiometri, HOTS, Litbang 2019, Sulit] 16. Nikel adalah unsur kelima yang paling melimpah di bumi, tetapi kebanyakan dari nikel terletak di inti bumi, lebih dari 1.800 mil di bawah permukaan. Dalam kerak bumi, dua jenis deposit utama bijih memasok sebagian besar nikel yang digunakan saat ini: deposit nikel sulfat dan deposit laterit. Deposit nikel sulfat atau nikel sulfida mengandung sekitar 40 % sumber daya nikel di dunia, dan saat ini menyumbang hampir setengah pasokan nikel global. Seorang peneliti melakukan analisis kandungan nikel sulfida NiS (Mr = 90) dalam suatu batuan dengan tahapan reaksi sebagai berikut. NiS (s) + 4HNO 3 (aq) → Ni(NO3)2 (aq) + S (s) + 2NO 2 (g) + 2H 2O (l) Ni(NO3)2 (aq) + 2C 4H8N2O2 (aq) → Ni(C4H7N2O2)2 (s) + 2HNO 3 (aq) Jika analisis 0,450 gram batuan memberikan 0,144 gram endapan Ni(C 4H7N2O2)2 (Mr = 288), maka persentase (%) NiS dalam batuan tersebut adalah … A. 0,04 D. 5,00 B. 0,05 E. 10,0 C. 0,50 [Stoikiometri, HOTS, Litbang 2019, Sedang] 17. Logam aluminium, Al dapat dipadukan dengan logam-logam lain dengan tujuan untuk meningkatkan sifat tertentu pada logam, misalnya tingkat kekerasan logam. Salah satu logam yang menjadi paduan aluminium adalah tembaga, Cu. Tembaga akan menaikkan kekuatan dan kekerasan, namun menurunkan elongasi (pertambahan panjang saat ditarik). Kandungan Cu dalam aluminium yang paling optimal adalah antara 4-6%. Paduan ini banyak digunakan untuk alat-alat yang bekerja pada temperatur tinggi misalnya pada piston dan silinder head motor bakar. Suatu paduan logam (aliase) yang terdiri dari 90 % Al( Ar=27) dan 10 % Cu ( Ar=63,5) digunakan untuk menghasilkan gas H 2 dengan cara mereaksikannya dengan HCl untuk menghasilkan 6,72
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18. PELAPUKAN KERTAS Kertas yang digunakan untuk membuat buku pada abad ke-19 ditambahkan alum, Al 2(SO4)3 untuk mengisi pori-porinya agar tidak mudah menyerap uap air dan dapat mengikat tinta dengan lebih baik. Namun ion Al3+ yang terhidrasi, [Al(H2O)6]3+ bersifat asam dengan nilai Ka = 10 -5 , sehingga serat kertas mudah terurai dan kertas menjad mudah hancur. Masalah ini dapat diatasi dengan menambahkan basa seperti garam-garam bikarbonat Ca(HCO 3)2 atau Mg(HCO3)2. Karena berupa padatan, garam ini harus dilarutkan ke dalam air. Mencelupkan buku ke dalam larutan tentulah bukan pilihan yang baik. Sebagai alternatif dapat digunakan basa organik seperti butilamina, C4H9NH2, yang berwujud gas pada suhu ruang. Penanganan yang lebih efektif dapat dilakukan dengan menggunakan dietilseng, (C 2H5)2Zn yang mendidih pada suhu 117 ⁰C dan 1 atm. Dietilseng bereaksi dengan oksigen atau air menghasilkan ZnO yang bersifat basa. (C2H5)2Zn (g) + 7O 2 (g) → ZnO(s) + 4CO 2 (g) + 5H 2O (g) (C2H5)2Zn (g) + H 2O (g) → ZnO(s) + 2C 2H6 (g) Pada permukaan kertas, sebanyak 6,17 gram uap dietilseng (Mr =123,4) habis bereaksi dengan campuran uap air dan oksigen, jika reaksi ini menghasilkan 1,76 gram gas CO 2 maka massa gas etana yang terbentuk adalah… A. 1,5 g D. 2,4 g B. 3,0 g E. 0,2 g C. 0,6 g [HOTS, Stoikiometri, Modifikasi SBMPTN 2013, Sulit] 19. Dalam kehidupan sehari-hari besi sangat besar manfaatnya untuk memenuhi kebutuhan hidup manusia, seperti untuk pagar, pondasi rumah, perkakas rumah tangga, dan lain-lain. Salah satu cara memperoleh besi adalah dengan proses tanur tinggi yang dilakukan dalam sebuah tungku bersuhu tinggi seperti pada gambar berikut.
Persamaan reaksi untuk reduksi biji besi dalam tanur tinggi secara ringkas adalah sebagai berikut: Fe2O3 (s)+ CO (g) → Fe (s) + CO 2 (g) Pada sebuah percobaan skala laboratorium, sebanyak 7,2 liter gas CO bereaksi dengan besi(III) oksida berlebih. Jika reaksi dilakukan pada tekanan 10 5 Pa dan temperatur 27 ⁰C, massa besi (Ar = 56) yang dihasilkan adalah… (R = 0,08 L.atm/mol.K, 105 Pa = 1 atm) A. 11,2 g D. 2,24 g B. 5,6 g E. 1,12 g C. 22,4 g [HOTS, Stoikiometri, Litbang 2019, Sedang] 20. Pembakaran 20 liter gas hidrokarbon dengan menggunakan gas oksigen berlebih menghasilkan 60 liter karbon dioksida dan 40 liter uap air. Gas hidrokarbon tersebut bila volume semua diukur pada temperatur dan tekanan yang sama adalah
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ASAM BASA, TITRASI, LARUTAN PENYANGGA (BUFFER), KSP, SIFAT KOLIGATIF LARUTAN 1.
Dalam reaksi berikut: HSO4- (aq) + H 2O (l) ⇌ H3O+ (aq) + SO 42(aq) CH3COOH (aq) + HI (aq) ⇌ CH3COOH2+ (aq) + I-(aq) H2O (l) + S 2- (l) ⇌ HS- (aq) + OH -(aq) Yang bukan merupakan pasangan asambasa konjugasi adalah… A. HSO4- dan SO 42B. H2O dan H3O+ C. CH3COOH dan CH 3COOH2+ D. H2S dan S 2E. H2O dan OH[Asam Basa, SBMPTN 2018, Mudah]
5.
Dalam reaksi berikut: NaHCO3 (aq) + NaH2PO4 (aq) ⇌ H2CO3 (aq) + Na 2HPO4 (aq) CH4 (aq) + NaC 4H9 (aq) ⇌ NaCH3 (aq) + C4H10(g) Senyawa yang bersifat basa menurut Bronsted-Lowry adalah… A. NaH2PO4 D. NaCH3 B. H2CO3 E. C4H10 C. CH4 [Asam Basa, Modifikasi SBMPTN 2016, Sedang]
Aspirin adalah obat yang umum digunakan untuk mengatasi rasa sakit, menurunkan demam, atau peradangan. Aspirin juga sering digunakan untuk mengurangi risiko serangan jantung, stroke, dan angina, karena dapat menghambat terjadinya penggumpalan darah. Aspirin termasuk senyawa organik bersifat asam yang memiliki nama asam asetilsalisilat asetilsalisilat (asam 2-asetilbenzoat).
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Dalam air, ion HS- termasuk spesi yang bersifat amfiprotik SEBAB ion HS hanya dapat mendonorkan proton ke air [Asam Basa, Litbang 2019, Mudah] Spesi dibawah ini yang dapat bertindak sebagai asam lewis adalah … 1) AlCl
struktur aspirin atau asam asetil salisilat
Jika harga tetapan kesetimbangan asam asetilsalisilat adalah 3 x 10 -3, maka konsentrasi aspirin yang memiliki pH sebesar 3-log 6 adalah … A. 1,2 x 10 -2 M B. 1,2 x 10 -3 M C. 2,4 x 10 -2 M D. 2,4 x 10 -1 M E. 6 x 10-3 M [HOTS, Asam Basa, Litbang L itbang 2019, Sedang] 6.
Seorang peneliti melakukan riset untuk membuat obat baru. Obat tersebut mengandung ekstrak biji tanaman yang bersifat basa lemah organik (Mr = 100). Jika sebanyak 0,2 gram estrak tersebut dilarutkan dalam 200 mL air memiliki pH = 10. Maka nilai tetapan kesetimbangan basa lemah tersebut adalah
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Pada abad ke-19 pabrik pembuat kertas menambahkan alum, Al2(SO4)3 untuk mengisi pori-pori kertas dan agar kertas dapat mengikat tinta dengan baik. Ion Al 3+ yang terhidrasi [Al(H 2O)6]3+ bersifat asam lemah. Jika pada kesetimbangan terdapat 10-1 M [Al(H 2O)6]3+, 10-3 M [Al (H2O)5OH]2+ dan 10-3 M ion H +. pH dari larutan yang terbentuk adalah… A. 2 D. 5 B. 3 E. 6 C. 4 [HOTS, Modifikasi SBMPTN 2013, SULIT] Sebanyak 25 mL larutan fenol (C 6H5OH), Ka = 1,3 x 10 -10) 0,1 M diencerkan hingga volumenya menjadi 100 mL. Kemudian 20 mL fenol yang telah diencerkan dititrasi oleh Ca(OH)2 0,01 M. volume Ca(OH) 2 yang dibutuhkan untuk titrasi tersebut sebanyak … A. 25 mL D. 90 mL B. 50 mL E. 100 mL C. 75 mL [Asam Basa, Litbang 2019, Sedang] Jika sebanyak B(OH)3 0,1 M dilarutkan dalam air hingga volumenya mencapai 100 mL sesuai dengan persamaan reaksi berikut. B(OH)3 (aq) + H 2O (l) ⇌ B(OH)4- (aq) + H+(aq) Kc = 10-9 pH larutan B(OH) 3 dalam air adalah… A. 10 D. 6 B. 9 E. 5 C. 8 [Asam Basa, Modifikasi SNMPTN 2011, Sedang]
11. Sebanyak 50 mL larutan CH 3COOH dititrasi dengan NaOH 0,1 M. Jika Ka CH3COOH = 5 x 10 -4 maka pH larutan saat titik ekivalen jika konsentrasi CH3COOH didapatkan sebesar 0,1 M adalah … A. 6 - log 2 D. 8 - log 2 B. 2 –l og 6 E. 8 + log 1 C. 8 + log 2 [Hidrolisis Garam, Litbang 2019, Sedang] 12. Dietilamina (C2H5)2NH2 adalah basa lemah yang memiliki nilai tetapan kesetimbangan sebesar 9 x 10-4. Suatu larutan dibuat dengan mencampurkan 90 mL dietilamina 0,01 M dengan 10 mL HCl 0,09 M. larutan yang dihasilkan memiliki pH sebesar … A. 6 – log 9 D. 7,5 B. 9 – log 6 E. 8 + log 5 C. 6,5 - log 1 [Hidrolisis Garam, Modifikasi SBMPTN 2018, Sedang] 13. Sebanyak 5 mL LiOH 0,1 M direaksikan dengan 5 mL HCl 0,15 M menurut reaksi berikut. LiOH (aq) + HCl (aq) → LiCl (aq) + H2O (l) Konsentrasi HCl sete;ah reaksi adalah… A. 0,025 M D. 0,125 M B. 0,075 M E. 0,250 M C. 0,100 M [Asam Basa, SBMPTN 2017, Sedang] 14. Natrium hidroksida, NaOH dan asam sianida, HCN (Ka = 4 x 10 -10) masingmasing sebanyak 0,1 mol dan 0,15 mol dilarutkan dalam air hingga diperoleh larutan dengan volumenya 100 mL. pH larutan yang diperoleh adalah … A. 3 + log 2 D. 10 + 2 log 2
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16. Diketahui tetapan hidrolisis dari ion ClOpada suhu tertentu adalah 4 x 10 -7. pH larutan KClO 0,01 M adalah … A. 3,5 – log 2 D. 12 + log 3,5 B. 2 – log 3,5 E. 12 – log 3,5 C. 9,5 + log 2 [Hidrolisis Garam, Modifikasi SNMPTN 2012, Sedang] 17. Ammonium klorida, NH4Cl adalah senyawa kimia anorganik yang mempunyai ciri khas berupa garam kristal putih yang sangat mudah larut dalam air. Ammonium klorida merupakan produk dari reaksi antara asam klorida, HCl dengan ammonia, NH3. Kegunaan dari garam ini salah satunya sebagai ekspektoran pada obat batuk. Selain itu, ammonium klorida dalam laboratorium digunakan untuk menghasilkan temperatur rendah pada penangas dingin atau cooling bath. Jika terdapat 0,01 M NH 4Cl yang terhidrolisis sebesar sebesar 1% (Kb NH 3 = 4 x 10 10), pernyataan yang benar adalah… 1) Konsentrasi ion H 3O+ yang dihasilkan sebesar 10-4 M 2) Reaksi hidrolisisnya Cl - (aq) + H 2O (l) ⇌ HCl (aq) + OH -(aq) 3) pH larutan yang terbentuk adalah 4 – log 1 4) garam NH4Cl bersifat basa [HOTS, Hidrolisis Garam, Litbang 2019, SULIT] 18. Asam hipobromit (HOBr) merupakan asam lemah dengan nilai Ka = 10 -9
A. 5 – log 3,6 D. 4 – log 3,6 B. 5 – log 3,2 E. 4 – log 1,8 C. 4 – log 7,2 [Larutan Penyangga, Modifikasi SNMPTN 2009, Sedang] 20. 20. Volume gas NH 3 (pada keadaan STP) yang harus dialirkan ke dalam 150 mL larutan NH4Cl 0,5 M (Kb = 10 –5) agar diperoleh larutan dengan pH = 8,5 adalah … (log 3 = 0,5) A. 540 mL D. 50,4 mL B. 504 mL E. 5040 mL C. 5,40 mL [Larutan Penyangga, Litbang 2019, SULIT] 21. 21. Larutan bufer dibuat dengan menambahkan larutan NaOH 0,1 M ke dalam 150 mL larutan NH4Cl 0,1 M. Volume larutan NaOH yang harus ditambahkan agar dihasilkan larutan bufer pH = 9 adalah ... (Kb NH 3 = 10–5) A. 50 mL D. 150 mL B. 75 mL E. 200 mL C. 100 mL [SBMPTN 2018, SULIT] 22. Gula 0,1 mol dan garam LX 2 0,1 mol yang memiliki derajat ionisasi 0,5 masing-masing dilarutkan dalam 1 L air (massa jenis air adalah 1 g/mL). jika penurunan titik beku larutan gula adalah t °C, maka perununan titik beku larutan garam LX2 adalah… A. 3,5 t °C D. 2,0 t °C B. 3,0 t °C E. 1,5 t °C C. 2,5 t °C [Sifat Koligatif Larutan, Modifikasi SBMPTN 2014, Sedang]
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24. Pada suhu 27 °C sebanyak 4,16 gram garam BaCl2 (Mr = 208) dilarutkan ke dalam 2 L air. Larutan yang terbentuk isotonis dengan 15 gram senyawa organik nonelektrolit yang dilarutkan dalam 1 L air. Massa molekul relatif senyawa organik tersebut adalah… (R = 0,082 L.atm/mol.K) A. 200 D. 400 B. 250 E. 150 C. 500 [Sifat Koligatif Larutan, Litbang 2019, Sedang] 25. Radiator merupakan suatu sistem pendinginan pada mobil. Mesin yang bekerja terus menerus akan menimbulkan panas. Agar suhu mesin tidak terlalu tinggi, maka sistem radiator ini menjadi penyelamat dalam menurunkan suhu mesin. Air pendingin radiator terbuat dari bahan kimia khusus seperti etilen glikol, Bahan kimia tersebut dipilih karena memiliki titik didih yang tinggi dan sifatnya yang mudah menyerap serta melepas panas. Tak hanya itu, jika pada negara dengan suhu musim dingin yang rendah, pencampuran juga perlu dilakukan agar air radiator tidak membeku. Jika titik beku air adalah 0 °C, berapakah titik beku larutan yang terbentuk jika sebanyak 62 gram etilen glikol, HOCH 2CH2OH dicampurkan dengan 0,5 kg air? (Kf air = 1,86 °C/molal, Ar H = 1, C = 12, O = 16) A. -7,64 °C D. -1,86 °C B. -5,58 °C E. -0,93°C C. -3,72 °C [HOTS, Sifat Koligatif Larutan,
27. Garam MgCO3 dalam air lebih mudah larut pada pH = 9 daripada pada pH = 5 SEBAB Pelarutan MgCO3 dalam air membentuk kesetimbangan MgCO3 (s) + H 2O (l) ⇌ Mg 2+ (aq) + HCO 3(aq) + OH-(aq) [KSP, Modifikasi SBMPTN 2014, Sedang] 28. Pada temperatur tertentu Ksp PbSO 4 dan PbI2 berturut-turut adalah 1,6 x 10-8 dan 7,1 x 10-9. Pada temperatur tersebut … A. Kelarutan PbSO4 sama dengan kelarutan PbI2 B. PbSO4 lebih mudah larut dibandingkan PbI2 C. Kelarutan PbI2 lebih besar daripada kelarutan PbSO4 D. Diperlukan lebih banyak SO 42daripada I- untuk mengendapkan Pb 2+ dari larutannya E. Kelarutan PbSO4 lebih besar daripada kelarutan PbI2 [KSP, Modifikasi SBMPTN 2017, Sedang] 29. 100 mL NaOH 1,8 M direaksikan dengan 100 mL HCN 1,8 M ke dalam larutan diteteskan larutan encer MgCl2 dan diakhiri ketika Mg(OH)2 tepat jenuh (tepat akan mengendap). Jika Ka = 10 -5 ; Ksp Mg(OH) 2 = 9 x 10 -12 ; maka [Mg 2+] saat tepat jenuh adalah… A. 1,0 x 10 -2 D. 1,0 x 10-5 B. 1,0 x 10 -3 E. 1,0 x 10-6 C. 1,0 x 10 -4
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REDOKS DAN ELEKTROKIMIA 1.
Reaksi berikut ini yang melibatkan kadmium sebagai oksidator adalah… A. Cd (s) + 2HCl (aq) → CdCl2 (aq) + H2 (g) B. Cd (s) + CoSO 4 (aq) → CdSO4 (aq) + Co (s) C. Cd(NO3)2 (aq) + MnCl2 (aq) → CdCl2 (aq) + Mn(NO 3)2 (aq) D. CdCO3 (aq) + Zn (aq) → Cd (s) + ZnCO 3 (aq) E. Cu3(PO4)2 (aq) + Cd(s) → Cd3(PO4)2 (aq) + Cu (s) [Redoks, Litbang 2019, Mudah]
2.
Dalam suasana basa, gas bromin mengalami reaksi disproporsionasi disproporsionasi menghasilkan ion bromida dan ion bromat. Mol ion bromat yang dihasilkan dari 6 mol gas bromin adalah … A. 1/3 D. 3/2 B. 1 E. 2 C. 2/3 [Redoks, Litbang 2019, Sedang]
3.
Ion manganat (V) dapat terdis-proporsionasi sempurna menjadi ion manganat (VI) dan mangan (IV) oksida menurut reaksi belum setara berikut. MnO43- (aq) + H2O (l) → MnO42- (aq) + MnO 2 (s) + 2OH - (aq) Jika 100 mL larutan manganat (V) 0,5 M bereaksi sempurna, jumah mmol elektron yang terlibat adalah … A. 25 D. 100 B. 50 E. 200 C. 75 [Redoks, Modifikasi SBMPTN 2018, Sedang]
4.
Reduksi ion Vanadium (Ar = 51) dilakukan dengan reduktor scandium, Sc (Ar = 45) menurut reaksi belum setara berikut. Vn+ (aq) + Sc (s) → V (s) + Sc 3+ (aq) Bila 9,0 gram Sc tepat habis bereaksi dengan 200 mL V n+ 1,5 M, maka nilai n adalah … A. 5 D. 2 B. 4 E. 1 C. 3
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6.
Titanium merupakan logam transisi yang bersifat anti karat, sangat kuat, dan memiliki titik leleh yang sangat tinggi. Titanium menjadi logam terbanyak urutan keenam yang ada di kerak bumi. Penerapannya banyak pada bidang mesin, seperti mesin pesawat terbang, pelindung dari korosi pada industri kimia, nuklir, dan minyak. Harga logam titanium sangat mahal karena proses pembuatannya yang sulit. Adapun persamaan reaksi pembuatan logam titanium adalah sebagai berikut. TiClx (aq) + Na (s) → Ti (s) + NaCl (aq) Jika dihasilkan 4,8 Kg logam titanium (Ar=48) dari reaksi sempurna 9,2 kg logam natrium (Ar = 23) dengan TiCl x, maka nilai x adalah… A. 2 D. 8 B. 4 E. 3 C. 6 [HOTS, Redoks, Litbang 2019, SULIT]
7.
Gas nitrogen dioksida dapat dihasilkan dari reaksi berikut ini. Pt n+ (aq) + NO 3- (aq) + HCl (aq) → PtCl62- (aq) + NO 2 (g) Untuk menghasilkan 24,3 gram K 2PtCl6 (Mr = 486) diperlukan 10,1 gram KNO 3 (Mr = 101), maka nilai n adalah… A. 3 D. 4 B. 2 E. 5 C. 1 [Redoks, Modifikasi LITBANG 2018, SULIT]
8.
Berikut ini adalah harga potensial reduksi standar beberapa ion. Ni2+ + 2e → Ni E° = -0,25 V Bi3+ + 3e → Bi E° = +0,30 V Cd2+ + 2e → Cd E° = -0,40 V Sn2+ + 2e → Sn E° = -0,14 V Sel Volta yang memiliki harga potensial sel terbesar adalah … A. Ni|Ni2+||Sn2+|Sn B. Ni|Ni2+||Bi3+|Bi C. Cd|Cd2+||Bi3+|Bi D. Cd|Cd2+||Sn2+|Sn E. Sn|Sn2+||Bi3+|Bi [Sel Volta, Litbang 2019, Sedang]
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10. Diketahui beberapa harga potensial reduksi zat sebagai berikut. I2 + 2e → 2IE° = -0,535 V MnO4- + 8H+ + 5e → Mn2+ + 4H2O E° = 1,491 V Cr2O72- + 14H+ + 6e → 2Cr3+ + 7H2O E° = 1,330 V Padatan Iodin dapat mengubah MnO 4- menjadi Mn2+ sementara Cr2O72- dapat mengubah Mn 2+ menjadi MnO 4SEBAB Ion MnO4- merupakan ion yang paling sulit dioksidasi berdasarkan data tersebut [Sel Volta, Litbang 2019, Sedang] 11. Berikut ini adalah harga potensial reduksi standar beberapa ion. Fe2+ + 2e → Fe E° = -0,44 V + 2+ MnO4 + 8H + 5e → Mn + 4H2O E° = 1,491 V Apabila kedua setengah sel di atas dirangkai menjadi sel Galvani, maka potensial sel standar yang dihasilkan sebesar… A. 0,1931 D. -1,051 B. 1,931 E. -1,931 C. 1,051 [Sel Volta, Litbang 2019, Mudah] 12. Diketahui data potensial sel standar beberapa zat sebagai berikut. Zn|Zn2+||Cu2+|Cu E° = 1,10 V Pb|Pb2+||Cu2+|Cu E° = 0,47 V Berdasarkan data tersebut, maka pernyataan berikut yang benar adalah… A. Diantara Zn, Pb, dan Cu, maka Cu adalah reduktor terkuat B. Urutan potensial reduksi standar E° Cu 2+|Cu > E° Pb2+|Pb > E° Zn 2+|Zn
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15. Kabel listrik merupakan salah satu aplikasi tembaga sebagai konduktor yang mensyaratkan kemurnian tinggi agar dapat menghantarkan litrik dengan baik. Bijih tembaga yang dihasilkan masih banyak mengandung zat pengotor seperti besi, seng, timbal, silikon, dan aluminium. Sehingga harus melalui proses pemurnian terlebih dahulu. Salah satu cara memurnikan logam adalah dengan elektrolisis. Jika tembaga kotor dimurnikan dalam larutan CuSO 4 menggunakan logam tembaga murni sebagai katoda dan tembaga kotor sebagai anoda dan arus listrik sebesar 5 A dihasilkan 2,54 g logam tembaga hasil pemurnian, maka pernyataan yang benar adalah (Ar Cu = 63,5) … 1) Reaksi yang terjadi pada katoda Cu 2+ + 2e → Cu 2) Waktu yang diperlukan proses pemurnian adalah 25,7 menit 3) Jumlah litrik yang digunakan sebanyak 0,08 F 4) Katoda yang digunakan dapat diganti dengan logam besi [HOTS, Elektrolisis, Litbang 2019, Sedang] 16. Elektrolisis 100 mL larutan CuSO 4 0,1 M dalam bejana A dan 100 mL larutan AgNO 3 dalam bejana B dilakukan seri menggunakan arus tetap 1 A pada anoda dan katoda Pt. pada tiap-tiap katoda terbentuk endapan Cu dan Ag sementara pada anoda dihasilkan gas O 2 (Ar Cu = 63,5 Ag = 108, F = 96500 C/mol e). Setelah elektrolisis berlangsung 60 detik … 1) Massa Cu yang mengendap lebih besar daripada massa Ag 2) Jumlah atom Cu yang mengendap sama dengan jumlah atom Ag 3) Volume gas O 2 yang dihasilkan bejana A lebih besar daripada volume gas O 2 yang dihasilkan pada bejana B 4) pH larutan dalam bejana A sama dengan pH larutan dalam bejana B [Elektrolisis, SBMPTN 2017, SULIT] 17. Suatu sel elektrokimia dengan elektroda Au 3+|Au E°= 1,42 V dan Mg 2+|Mg E°= -2,37 V pada
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19. Penyepuhan Penyepuhan sendok besi oleh logam perak dapat digambarkan pada rangkaian sel berikut.
Penyepuhan sendok memerlukan arus listrik sebesar 2 A selama 193 detik. Jika muatan listrik tersebut digunakan untuk mereduksi ion nitrat (NO 3-) menjadi gas NO. pernyataan yang benar adalah… 1) logam perak sebagai kutub positif 2) logam perak (Ar=108) yang menempel pada sendok sebanyak 0,432 gram 3) gas NO yang terbentuk sebesar 0,0013 mol pada suasana asam 4) Perak digunakan untuk menyepuh sendok besi karena memiliki harga potensial reduksi yang lebih rendah dari besi [HOTS, Elektrolisis, Litbang 2019, SULIT]
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SENYAWA KARBON 1.
Hasil reaksi senyawa berikut adalah…
A.
D.
B.
E.
C. [Senyawa Turunan Alkana, Litbang 2019, Sedang]
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5.
Suatu senyawa organik diperoleh diperoleh sebagai produk samping dari hidrolisis lemak, pembuatan biodiesel dan pembuatan sabun dari minyak atau lemak. Senyawa ini banyak digunakan sebagai zat aditif pada cairan pendingin radiator mobil dan bereaksi dengan logam natrium menghasilkan gas hidrogen. Senyawa ini adalah … A. Trigliserida D. Gliserol B. Asam asetat E. Etanol C. Etil asetat [HOTS, Senyawa Turunan Alkana, Modifikasi SBMPTN 2015, Sedang]
6.
Oksidasi sikloheksanol dengan K 2Cr2O7 menghasilkan… A. Asam sikloheksanoat sikloheksanoat B. Sikloheksanon C. 2-heksanon D. Asam heksanoat E. 3-sikloheksanon [Senyawa Turunan Alkana, Modifikasi SBMPTN 2017, Sedang]
7.
Berikut yang merupakan isomer dari senyawa siklopentilkohol adalah…
9.
Melalui sejumlah survei dan pemeriksaan pemeriksaan laboratorium, ditemukan sejumlah produk pangan yang menggunakan zat kimia terlarang sebagai pengawet. Praktik yang salah seperti ini dilakukan oleh produsen atau pengelola pangan yang tidak bertanggung jawab. Adapun uji terhadap makanan yang mengandung zat tersebut salah satunya dapat dilakukan dengan menggunakan pereaksi fehling dan tollens. Pernyataan yang benar adalah … 1) Zat kimia tersebut merupakan senyawa aldehid sehingga akan memberikan endapan merah bata dengan fehling dan membentuk cermin perak dengan tollens 2) Zat kimia tersebut merupakan senyawa keton sehingga tidak memberikan endapan merah bata dengan fehling dan tidak membentuk cermin perak dengan tollens 3) Zat kimia tersebut merupakan formaldehida terlarut dalam air yang dapat dioksidasi membentuk asam metanoat atau dikenal sebagai asam semut 4) Zat kimia tersebut dapat dibuat dari reduksi metanol
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12. Senyawa amina (-NR2, dengan R=alkil atau H) merupakan turunan dari ammonia dengan salah satu atau lebih atom H digantikan oleh alkil atau gugus lain. Amina memiliki kegunaan yang luas dalam kehidupan yaitu dapat berguna sebagai pencegah korosif, bakterisida, fungisida, bahan pemflotasi dan pengemulsi. Jika gugus amina(-NH2) menggantikan satu atom H pada benzena akan didapatkan senyawa anilin yang dapat digunakan sebagai pembuatan warna diazo. Pernyataan yang benar adalah … 1) Hibridisasi atom N pada gugus amina adalah sp3 2) Senyawa anilin bersifat basa 3) Dapat dihasilkan dari reduksi nitrobenzena nit robenzena
16. Vitamin C atau asam askorbat banyak memiliki manfaat bagi kesehatan tubuh. Manfaat vitamin C berperan sebagai senyawa pembentuk kolagen yang merupakan protein penting penyusun jaringan kulit, tulang, dan sendi. Tingginya kadar antioksidan pada vitamin C juga dapat menghancurkan radikal bebas yang dapat merusak sel-sel dalam tubuh. Struktur vitamin C adalah sebagai berikut:
Gugus fungsi yang terdapat pada struktur vitamin C tersebut adalah…
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18. Senyawa dengan rumus
dihasilkan dari reaksi oksidasi zat A, maka zat A tersebut adalah… A. CH3CH2CH2CHO B. CH3CH2CHOHCH3 C. CH3CH2OCH2CH3 D. CH3CH2CH2OH E. CH3CH2CH2COOH [Senyawa Turunan Alkana, Litbang 2019, Sedang] 19. X dan Y adalah senyawa karbon. X bereaksi dengan natrium membentuk gas hidrogen. X dan Y dapat bereaksi
20. Eter adalah salah satu zat yang digunakan sebagai anestesi (obat bius). Eter ditemukan seorang ahli kimia berkebangsaan Spanyol, Raymundus Lullius pada tahun 1275. Di bidang kedokteran senyawa eter yang digunakan sebagai obat bius saat operasi adalah dimetil eter. Berikut pernyataan yang benar mengenai dimetil eter adalah… 1) Berisomer dengan etanol 2) Dapat bereaksi dengan asam halida namun tidak bereaksi dengan logam natrium 3) Membentuk metanol dan metil klorida jika bereaksi sempurna dengan asam klorida 4) Senyawanya bersifat optik aktif
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STRUKTUR ATOM, SIFAT PERIODIK UNSUR, BENTUK MOLEKUL, GAYA ANTAR MOLEKUL 1.
Ion X3+ isoelektronik dengan atom V yang memiliki nomor massa 51 dan jumlah neutron 28. Konfigurasi elektron unsur X adalah… A. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d3 4s2 D. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d8 B. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d5 E. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d8 C. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d6 [Struktur Atom, Litbang 2019, Mudah]
2.
Energi pengionan unsur M ditunjukkan pada grafik di bawah. Garam klorida unsur M yang stabil adalah…
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5.
Koordinat bilangan kuantum elektron terluar dari atom 37Rb adalah… A. (5,1,0,+1/2) (5,1,0,+1/2) atau (5,1,0,-1/2) B. (4,0,0,+1/2) (4,0,0,+1/2) atau (4,0,0,-1/2) C. (5,0,0,+1/2) (5,0,0,+1/2) atau (5,0,0,-1/2) D. (4,1,0,+1/2) (4,1,0,+1/2) atau (4,1,0,-1/2) E. (5,1,1,+1/2) (5,1,1,+1/2) atau (5,1,1,-1/2) [Struktur Atom, Litbang 2019, Sedang]
6.
Nomor atom X dan Y berturut-turut adalah 14 dan 17. Jika X dan Y membentuk senyawa, maka molekul senyawa yang dihasilkan … 1) Bersifat nonpolar 2) Mempunyai satu pasang elektron bebas pada atom pusat 3) Bentuk molekulnya adalah tetrahedral 4) Mempunyai satu ikatan kovalen koordinasi [Ikatan Kimia-Bentuk Molekul, Modifikasi SBMPTN 2015, Sedang]
7.
Urutan jari-jari ion berikut yang tidak tepat adalah … (No. atom O = 8, F = 9, P = 15, K = 19, Se =
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11. Jika atom Ca memiliki jumlah proton 20, maka Ca dapat berikatan ion dengan unsur yang memiliki konfigurasi elektron… A. [Ne] 3s2 3p1 B. [Ne] C. [Ne] 3s2 3p6 D. [Ne] 3s2 E. [Ne] 3s2 3p5 [Ikatan Kimia, Litbang 2019, Mudah] 12. Nomor atom karbon dan klor berturut-turut adalah 6 dan 17. Jika karbon dan klor bersenyawa, maka molekul senyawa yang dihasilkan … 1) Bersifat nonpolar 2) Mempunyai satu pasang elektron bebas pada atom pusatnya 3) Berbentuk tetrahedral 4) Mempunyai satu ikatan kovalen koordinasi [Ikatan Kimia, SBMPTN 2015, Sedang]
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16. Larutan yang mengandung natrium klorida memiliki titik didih yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan larutan yang mengandung urea SEBAB Energi ikatan senyawa ionik lebih besar daripada senyawa kovalen. [Ikatan Kimia, Litbang 2019, Sedang] 17. Molekul berikut ini yang bersifat polar adalah… (7N, 8O, 9F, 16S, 17Cl) 1) HCN
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TERMOKIMIA, LAJU REAKSI, KESETIMBANGAN KIMIA 1.
Data nilai energi ikatan rata-rata diketahui sebagai berikut: Ikatan Energi Ikatan (kj/mol)
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4.
Reaksi pembentukan natrium klorida pada keadaan standar: ∆H = -822 Kj 2Na (s) + Cl 2 (g) → 2NaCl (s) Pernyataan yang benar adalah … 1) Pembentukan 1 mol NaCl memerlukan kalor sebesar -822 kj 2) Perubahan entalpi pembentukan 2 mol NaCl adalah -822 kj 3) Reaksi pembentukan NaCl adalah eksoterm karena sistem menyerap kalor 4) Pembentukan 1 mol NaCl melepaskan kalor sebesar 411 kj [Termokimia, Litbang 2019, Sedang]
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8.
Hidrogen peroksida (H 2O2) secara alami terdapat dalam tubuh sebagai produk proses biokimia. Senyawa peroksida bersifat toksis bagi sel tubuh karena dapat mengoksidasi protein, membran lipid serta DNA yang bersentuhan dengannya. dengannya. Bila tidak segera diurai, sel tubuh dapat mengalami kerusakan yang sangat serius. Senyawa peroksida harus segera di uraikan menjadi air (H 2O) dan oksigen (O2) yang tidak berbahaya. Enzim katalase mempercepat reaksi penguraian peroksida (H2O2) menjadi air (H2O) dan oksigen (O 2). Jika laju terbentuknya gas oksigen adalah 12 mol.L 1.det -1, maka laju penguraian H O adalah… 2 2 A. 1,2 mol.L-1.det -1 D. 24 mol.L-1.det -1
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12. N2O4 (g) → 2NO2 (g) Pada suhu tertentu penguraian gas dinitrogen tetraoksida merupakan reaksi orde nol dengan [N2O4] = 0,25 M dan tetapan lajunya adalah 5 x 10 -3. Laju reaksi akan sama dengan tetapan laju reaksi saat konsentrasi N 2O4… A. 0,005 M D. 0,05 M B. 0,25 M E. Pada semua konsentrasi konsentr asi C. 0,125 M [Laju Reaksi, Litbang 2019, Mudah]
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Trusted by over 1 million members
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Trusted by over 1 million members
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Trusted by over 1 million members
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Trusted by over 1 million members
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Trusted by over 1 million members
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Trusted by over 1 million members
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Trusted by over 1 million members
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Trusted by over 1 million members
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Trusted by over 1 million members
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Trusted by over 1 million members
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Trusted by over 1 million members
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Trusted by over 1 million members
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Trusted by over 1 million members
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Trusted by over 1 million members
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Trusted by over 1 million members
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Trusted by over 1 million members
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Trusted by over 1 million members
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Trusted by over 1 million members
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Trusted by over 1 million members
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Trusted by over 1 million members
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Trusted by over 1 million members
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Trusted by over 1 million members
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