291419011-Modul-English-Intensif-2012.doc

n

Program Intensif SBMPTN

DISESUAIKAN DISESUAIKAN DENGAN KISI-KISI KISI-KISI SBMPTN - SIMAK UI – UMB PTN 2013

TENSES 

since since for

Present Present Perfect Perfect + time +Present Perfect Continuous Past Perfect Past Perfect Continuous

Contoh: I had been doing my homework for an hour when he came. She has known him since two years ago. They They have have watc watched hed the movie for half half an hour hour when he knocks at the door. 

Contoh: I will be watching T+ at  pm tonight. She will be having lunch with her boyfriend at -% o’clock tomorrow. (e will be visiting our grandma at this time ne*t Sunday.  





 



all+time+Present Perfect Continuous

Contoh: All these weeks, we have been trying to solve the problem. She has been practising the song all these months. 

Contoh: I was sleeping at  pm yesterday. (e were studying /nglish at this moment three days ago.  





Since+Subject+verb + Pre. Perfect/Cont was/were

Contoh: I have known him since he was a lile boy. Since he knew I lied to him, he has never called me. She hasn’t worked there since they red her.  

 



 





  



When+S.Past+S.Past !"ika !"ika when# when#S.$ S.$ast ast adala adalah h ke"adian ke %&. When When+S +S.P .Pas ast+ t+P Past ast Cont Contin inuo uous us !"ika !"ika kedua keduany nyaa ter"adi pada saat yang bersamaan&.

Contoh: She was watering the 'owers when her boyfriend arrived. (hen she felt thirsty, she drank some water. By+future time Pre. Future Perfect By+the end of + By+the time+S.Pre Pre. Fut. Perf. Cont

Contoh: I will have nished my study by the end of this year. She will have been cooking for an hour by the time you come. (e will have been in )akarta by ne*t Sunday. 



o!cloc" am ne#t  $m later + Pre Fut Cont at this time + tomorrow at this moment toni%ht at this $resent

Lembaga Bimbingan Belajar QL

tomorrow ne#t   later soon + Sim$le Future immediately toni%ht forever

Contoh: (e shall have an e*amination tomorrow. They will go to the 0oo ne*t Saturday. I will nish the report immediately.   







before+Sim$le Past+Past Perfect after+Past Perfect+Sim$le Past

Contoh: I had nished my report before you nished yours. After she had known what really happened she became angry. angry.





o!cloc" am $m yesterday at this time + last  + Past Cont at this moment  a%o at this $resent

yesterday last  + Sim$le Past &ense &ense  a%o this mornin% recently

Contoh: I met him recently. They went to $aris last year. I got up late this morning.   



now ri%ht now at this time + Pre. Continuous &ense &ense at this moment at this $resent

1

Contoh: I am making a cake at this moment. 1other is preparing lunch now. 

Program Intensif SNMPTN







They are watching a football game at this time.

every once  twice  usually often seldom rarely' etc

-.

23ar 23arii start started ed lear learni ning ng to play play chess chess when when he was only ve years old and won his rst national chess competition when he was ten.4 This his mean eans that hat 3ari 5555 55555 to pla play chess hess competition when he was ten. !A& !A& had had learn learned ed !6& was was lear learnin ning g !7& will will have have learnin learning g !8& woul would d learn learn !/& !/& has has lea learn rned ed

%.

27an we 27an we postpon postponee the class class meetin meeting g until until 9riday:4 9riday:4 2I’m afraid not. I 55555 basketball on 9riday.4 !A& !A& woul would d pla play y !6& will will have have been playing playing !7& have have been been playin playing g !8& alwa always ys play play !/& !/& pla played

.

2Is 2Is no one one livi living ng with with your your gran grandm dmot othe herr in that that house:4 2;o, and she 55555 anyone do anything for her for years.4 !A& !A& neve neverr had had !6& !6& does does not not hav havee !7& has has neve neverr had had !8& !8& neve neverr has has !/& will will never never hav havee

<.

2+in 2+inaa had "ust "ust nis nishe hed d her big dinn dinner er when when )ody )ody came came in, bringing bringing her favouri favourite te durian. durian.44 (e may conclude that 555555. !A& +ina had durians durians for for her dinner. !6& +ina +ina and )ordy )ordy had dinner dinner togethe together. r. !7& +ina +ina would most most unlikely unlikely have the durians durians for dinner. !8& +ina would would have have dinner after eating durians. durians. !/& +ina +ina must not not have nishe nished d her dinner. dinner.

=.

28o 28o you you often often go to resta restaura urant nts:4 s:4 2;o, it 55555 >uite a long time since I went to a restaurant restaurant with my friends. !A& !A& has has bee been n !6& !6& woul would d be be !7& !7& is bei being ng !8& !8& was !/& !/& had had been been

?.

2Is 2Is the rescu rescuee team stil stilll lookin looking g for the surv survivo ivors rs of the plane crash:4 2@es, they 55555 the area for hours, but they have not found any yet.4 !A& !A& sear search ched ed !6& were were search searching ing !7& have have been been searc searching hing !8& will will be searchin searching g !/& !/& had had sear search ched ed

+ Sim$le Present &ense &ense

Contoh: The sun evolves around the sun. The boy goes to school on foot every day. She never gets 'owers from her boyfriend.   


2

.

28id 28id Ita decide decide to buy buy the the car:4 car:4 2@es, after she 55555 her brother.4 !A& !A& has consult consultant ant !6& was was con consul sultin ting g !7& had had consu consulte lted d !8& !8& cons consul ults ts !/& is consu consulti lting ng

.

2@ou 2@ou were were supp suppos osed ed to be here here ten ten minut minutes es ago. ago. (here were you:4 2I 55555 for a place to park.4 !A& !A& am looki looking ng !6& !6& looked ked !7& have have looke looked d !8& !8& look !/& !/& was loo looki king ng

B.

23av 23avee you alre alread ady y decide decided d where where to go for for your your holiday:4 27ertainly, we 5555 to Italy.4 !A& go !6& !6& hav have gone gone !7& will will hav havee gone gone !8& !8& are are goin going g !/& will will have have been been goi going ng

-C. -C. A D I thi think nk we’ we’re re goi going ng to to be here here for for a whil while. e. 6 D6 6ut ut we 5555 555555 in in line line for for almo almost st an an hou hour. r. !A& !A& are are stand standing ing !6& !6& have have stoo stood d !7& !7& stan stand d !8& were were standi standing ng !/& have have been been stan stand d --. --. 2Eas 2Eastt year year I didn didn’t ’t have have to pay for my broth brother er’s ’s tuition fee.4 2That’s great. I heard he 555555 a scholarship from a foreign university.4 !A& !A& recei receive vess !6& !6& had had recei receive ved d !7& was was receiv receivin ing g !8& woul would d receive receive !/& !/& has has rece receiv ived ed -%. 2I wa wass the rst to submit submit my paper paper yesterd yesterday.4 ay.4 2@ou’re wrong. I 555555 mine before you did.4 !A& !A& subm submit it !6& have have submi submied ed !7& was was submi submiin ing g !8& woul would d submi submitt !/& !/& had had subm submi ied ed -. 2@our 2@our train train was delaye delayed, d, wasn’t wasn’t it:4 2@es, 2@es, therefore, when I arrived the driver picking me up 555555 for more than an hour.4 !A& !A& waite aited d !6& !6& woul would dw wai aitt !7& was was wai waitin ting g !8& would would have have waite waited d !/& had had been been wai waitin ting g


-<. -<. 2I’m 2I’m real really ly worr worrie ied d abou aboutt his his heal health th as hid hid ne*t ne*t semester starts two weeks from now.4 2Eet’s "ust hope by that time he 55555.4 !A& !A& has has recove recovered red !6& is goin going g to reco recove verr !7& will will be recover recovering ing !8& is recov recoveri ering ng !/& will will have have reco recove vered red -=. All these these years, years, Ira’s family family 555555 555555 in poverty poverty.. !A& !A& liv lived !6& has has been been living living !7& !7& had had live lived d !8& was was livin living g !/& !/& lives -?. 23ow 23ow long has has he been the princip principal al of our school school:4 :4 2Since I 55555 this school.4 !A& !A& was was enteri entering ng !6& !6& have have ent enter ered ed !7& had had entere entered d !8& !8& ente entere red d !/& had had been been ent enteri ering ng -. -. 23e 23e has to take a TF/9E TF/9E test before before leav leaving ing for the the G.S.4 2;o, 55555 have toH he already took it a few months ago.4 !A& he doesn’t !8& he mustn’t !6& he isn’t !/& he can’t !7& !7& he hasn hasn’t ’t -. -. I can lend lend you the book ne*t ne*t week week because because by that time I 555555 reading it. !A& !A& will will be nishin nishing g !6& !6& have have ni nish shed ed !7& am nish nishing ing !8& will will ha have ve nish nished ed !/& !/& woul would d ni nish sh -B. 2(e 2(e haven’t haven’t heard from 8idi 8idi for such such a long long time.4 2(e haven’t either, since he 5555 to 8ili.4 !A& !A& mo mov ves !6& !6& moved !7& was was movin moving g !8& !8& has has moved moved !/& !/& had had mov moved %C. 2I wo wonder nder why why Agus Agus is absent. absent. 3e might might be sick.4 sick.4 23e isn’t. I saw him when I 55555 for the bus.4 !A& !A& wait ait !6& !6& was wai waiti ting ng !7& had had wait waited ed !8& is wai waitin ting g !/& !/& have have wai waite ted d %-. %-. 1y daug daught hter er 5555 555555 a lot lot of phot photog ogra raph ph of the the 6orobudur when she went there on her last vacation. !A& !A& has has take taken n !6& has has been been takin taking g !7& !7& woul would d take take !8& !8& took !/& !/& had had tak taken en

3

%%. %%. A ta*i drive driverr who witness witnessed ed the acciden accidentt took took my in"ured brother to the hospital and then 55555 my parents. !A& !A& call !6& !6& called led !7& !7& call callin ing g !8& !8& to call call !/& !/& was cal calli ling ng

C. C. 8ina 8ina boug bought ht a cass casse eee play player er last last week week and and she she 55555 to music ever since. !A& !A& has been listenin listening g !6& was was liste listeni ning ng !7& would would have have listen listened ed !8& will will be listenin listening g !/& !/& list listen ened ed

%. The bus came after after I 55555 for about about twenty twenty minutes. minutes. !A& !A& have have been waitin waiting g !6& !6& have have wai waite ted d !7& am waiti waiting ng !8& had been waitin waiting g !/& !/& was wai waiti ting ng

-. (hen did did you reali0e reali0e that that you had had lost your your purse: purse: (hen I 555555 money to pay the bus fare. (A) was needing (B) needed (C) am needing (D) have needed (E) had needed

%<. 2The Anthr Anthropol opologist ogist has has been studying studying that tribe tribe for the last ve years.4 It meansD 3e55555 that tribe. !A& !A& has nish nished ed studyin studying g !6& !6& stud studie ied d !7& was was stud studyin ying g !8& had had stud studied ied !/& is sti still ll stud studyin ying g %=. 2@ou 2@ou look look so unhappy, unhappy, Anton. Anton. (hat’s (hat’s the maer:4 maer:4 21y father 5555 his "ob.4 !A& !A& has has "ust "ust lost lost !6& has has been been losin losing g !7& !7& losi losing ng !8& !8& is los losin ing g !/& loses %?. 2(hen 2(hen did you take take the academic academic writing writing course: course:44 2East year, after I 5555 7omposition II.4 !A& !A& comp comple lete te !6& was was com comple pletin ting g !7& to compl complete ete !8& have have complet completed ed !/& had had compl complete eted d %. %. 2(her 2(heree is Tanti: anti:44 2I don’t know. In fact I 5555 any of our friends since I arrived.4 !A& !A& did did not not see !6& was was not not seeing seeing !7& have have not not seen seen !8& !8& do not not see see !/& !/& had had not not seen seen

%. I didn’t didn’t hear the thunde thunderr during during the storm storm last night night because I 5555555 5555555 soundly. !A& !A& have have been been sleepi sleeping ng !6& !6& had had sle slept pt !7& !7& am sle sleep epin ing g !8& was was sleep sleeping ing !/& !/& hav have slep sleptt . 8id you you see the child children ren when when you came came home home this afternoon: ;o, they 5555555 their teacher in $riok. !A& !A& visi visite ted d !6& !6& had had vis visit ited ed !7& !7& to visi visitt !8& were were visit visitin ing g !/& woul would d have have visi visited ted <. Since Since when hasn’t hasn’t she been been feelin feeling g well: well: Since she 5555555 from Singapore. !A& !A& retu return rned ed !6& !6& has has retu return rned ed !7& was was return returnin ing g !8& had had retu returne rned d !/& has has been been retu returni rning ng

%. 2So you you have have nished nished typing typing those leers leers (hen (hen did you do it:4 2(hen you 5555 the meeting.4 !A& !A& were were aend aending ing !6& !6& aend end !7& have have aend aended ed !8& !8& aen aende ded d !/& !/& had had aae end nded ed %B. 2(hat 2(hat aare re you you looki looking ng for:4 for:4 21y wallet. I don’t know where I 5555 it.4 !A& !A& have have been been pui puing ng !6& !6& am pu puin ing g !7& !7& had had put put !8& was was puin puing g !/& !/& hav have pu put


4


DISESUAIKAN DENGAN KISI-KISI SBMPTN - SIMAK UI – UMB PTN 2013

PASSIVE VOICE $assive voice adalah kalimat passive di mana ob"ek penderita men"adi sub"ect nya.


SyaratD (C&)* SG6)/7T F6)/7T +/J6 !sesuai tense& T/;S/S

P(SS)* F6)/7T !6@#$/EAKG& SG6)/7T +/J6 T/TA$

-.

This institution for the handicapped 5555 by the 1inister of Social AMairs in -B=C. !A& was founded !6& was to found !7& be founded !8& has been founding !/& was being founded

%.

2Some workers were loading the containers into the van.4 The passive form of the above sentence isD The containers 55555 into the van. !A& were loaded !6& are loading !7& be loaded !8& were being loaded !/& are to be loaded

.

I became >uite nervous when I knew that my speech 555555. !A& was to record !6& to be recorded !7& being recorded !8& to be recording !/& was being recorded

<.

The picture is not here anymoreH it must have 55555. !A& been taken away !6& been taking away !7& took away !8& taken away !/& being taken away

=.

23ave you been informed about the e*act number of victim of the airplane crash:4 2@es, 5555 to the head>uarters of Naruda.4 !A& they are fa*ed !6& has fa*ed !7& the victims fa* !8& it has been fa*ed !/& we fa* it

?.

2(hat is going to happen to the children who have become orphans due to the tsunami disaster:4 28on’t worry, they 555555.4 !A& will take care of !6& will have been taken care of !7& will have taken care of !8& will be taken care of

Jumus GmumD S,B-+& B+*B0+1B2+P3(4,5

8i dalam kalimat passive semua kata ker"a adalah verb !past participle&, tenses apa pun yang digunakan, sehingga yang men"adi pembeda tenses nya adalah TF 6/. Simple $resentD is, am, are Simple $astD was, were 7ontinuousD is, am, areLwas, were # being $erfectD has, have, had # been 9utureD modals # be ContohD ActiveD (e clean the house every day. $assiveD The house is cleaned by us every day. ActiveD They will nish the report soon. $assiveD The report will be nished by them. $assiveD The book is being read by my sister. $assiveD The 'oor has been swept by her.     





 




!/& will be taking care of . (hen the bus broke down in the middle of the desert, we 55555 that we would have to nish the "ourney to our destination on foot. !A& were telling !8& have been told !6& have told !/& had told !7& were told .

B.

2I haven’t got the report on the seminar held last week.4 2I’m sure it 55555 on your desk yesterday.4 !A& put !8& was put !6& being put !/& puing !7& was puing Some important researches in physics, funded by an international development agency, 555555 at our university. !A& carried out !6& be carried out !7& are carrying out !8& are being carried out !/& to carry out

-C. 2(hen will the debate contest take place this year:4 2I’ll let you know later as it 55555.4 !A& has not scheduled yet !6& has been scheduled !7& has to schedule !8& has been scheduling !/& has not been scheduled yet --. 2I want the dress displayed in the window yesterday.4 2I’m sorry, it 555555.4 !A& had been selling !6& has to be sold !7& has to sell !8& has sold !/& has been sold -. 9astOfood restaurants have become popular in big cities because many people prefer 555555 >uickly. !A& served !6& being served !7& serving !8& they are served !/& be serving %.

28o you really want to buy this old crumbling house:4 2@es, we know the house needs 555555 but we love the surroundings.4 !A& to repair !6& to be repairing !7& repairing !8& repaired !/& be repaired

. Tati declined the oMer of 55555 to Singapore as a representative of our company. !A& being transferred !6& is transferred !7& to transfer !8& transferred


!/& be transferred <. 28id you get the cheap secondOhand computer advertised in the newspaper:4 2;o luck. It 55555 when I called them.4 !A& had been sold !6& has been sold !7& is being sold !8& were sold !/& is sold =. 2(hy am I not allowed to take 1artha’s picture:4 2(ell, she doesn’t like 5555555.4 !A& she photographed !6& was photographing !7& to be photographed !8& she was photographed !/& photographed ?. )upiter’s four moons 555555 through a telescope by Nalileo. !A& were rst viewed !6& rst viewed !7& had been rst viewed !8& were being rst viewed !/& rst being viewed -. I put the clothes in the cupboard after they 55555555. !A& was ironed !6& had ironed !7& had been ironed !8& been ironed !/& were ironed -B. @ou look so sad. (hat happened: 8on’t you know that my house 5555555 into by some thieves last night: !A& were broken !6& has been broken !7& was broken !8& broken !/& is broken %C. This skirt is too long for me. It wants 55555555. !A& shortening !6& to be shortening !7& shortened !8& is shortened !/& shorten %-. Fn her last birthday, )anet 55555 a nice gown by her mother. !A& gave !8& was given !6& is given !/& had given !7& had been given %%. If you don’t pay aention to the pronunciation, a foreign language 555555. !A& could not be learned !6& can learn !7& will not be learn !8& can be learned !/& cannot be learned

!

!/& has classied

%. @our pro"ect proposal 55555 when the telephone rang. !A& was being discussed !6& is being discussed !7& has been discussed !8& was discussing !/& to be discussed %<. The package 55555 to your place tomorrow. !A& will deliver !6& be delivered !7& will be delivered !8& is going to be delivering !/& was delivered %=. The use of fertili0er 55555 for centuries. $eople used both natural and chemical fertili0er. !A& have been used !6& has been using !7& are used !8& were used !/& has been used %?. The house 55555 before the earth>uake happened. !A& was renovated !6& has been renovated !7& renovated !8& had been renovated !/& was renovating %. 23ave you delivered the package to the customers.4 2;ot yet, some 5555555.4 !A& are still being wrapped !6& have been wrapped !7& will have been wrapped !8& would be wrapped !/& were wrapped %. The $resident 8irector agreed that the performance of the company has not been good these past few years. In fact, its organi0ation 55555 now for improvements. !A& restructured !6& is restructuring !7& is to restructure !8& is being restructured !/& restructuring %B. Silver was used in 7hinese traditional "ewelry more often than gold and 55555 with gold to prevent discoloring. !A& was coated !6& coated !7& is coated !8& has been coated !/& was coating C. The colony or the society of bees 555555 into three groups namely >ueen, drone and worker. !A& are classied !6& is classied !7& classies !8& was classifying


"

Program IntensifSBMPTN


MODALS 1odalas adalah bagian kata ker"a bantu yang berfunsi untuk menambah arti tertentu di dalam kalimat. .

-enis6jenis 7odals antara lain: 8.

Possibility/Certainty

1odals yang digunakan kemungkinanLkepastian, yaituD

(bility

1odals yang digunakan untuk kemampuan atau kesanggupan, yaituD

menyatakan

can # Innitive could

be able to # innitive

ContohD The boy can lift the heavy bo* alone. The students could answer the >uestions easily. (e are able to win the game. She was able to play piano when she was young.

7odals PossibilityD may # innitiveLbe might CertaintyD must # innitiveLbe

   

9.

Permission

1odals yang digunakan untuk menyatakan i0in, yaituD mayLcan # innitive mightLcould

be allowed to # inf be permied to

ContohD a. I was allowed to stay up late last night. b. 1y father said that I might use the motorcycle when I asked him yesterday. c. @ou may leave the room. d. 3e can take a rest if he has nished the test.

;.

must have to # innitiveL has to be had to

should ought to # infLbe had beer

ContohD

a. b. c. d.

As a student, you must study hard. 3e had to pass the test to get the "ob. @ou should clean your hands rst. They had beer do it themselves.

7eanin%

perhaps possibleLy # $resent probableLy sure certain # $resent conclude

3o%ical conclusion

#o$als yang $ig&na%an &nt&% menyata%an %esim+&lan yang logis tentang masa lam+a& yang ber&+a %e+astian %em&ng%inan $an saran &nt&% ses&at& yang tera$i $i masa lam+a&.

bli%ation/Su%%estion

#o$als yang menyata%an %ehar&san'%ewaiban ata& saran yait&*

menyatakan

ContohD a. 3e may come late because of the traPc "am. It meansD $erhaps he is late because of the traPc "am. b.3e must be sick. 3e looks so weak and pale. It meansD I am sure he is sick. c. There must be something wrong. It meansD I conclude there is something wrong.

3o%ical conclusion 0.

untuk

must have # vbLbeen

7eanin%

sure certain # $ast conclude perhaps possibleLy probableLy S. $ast !yang bertentangan&

may have#vbLbeen might should have#vbLbeen ought to ContohD a. The room was so tidy. She must have cleaned it. It meansD I am sure she cleaned the room. b.3e might have forgoen his schedule. It meansD It is possible that he forgot his schedule. c. (e should have known the truth. It meansD (e didn’t know the truth. d.They shouldn’t have robbed the bank.


,

It meansD They robbed the bank.

.


B. -.

To prevent accidents, parents 55555 allow their children to play near the well. !A& might not !6& do not have to !7& cannot !8& would not !/& should not

%.

3e told me a lot about $hilippines. 3e 55555 there for a long time. !A& must have lived !6& might be living !7& ought to have lived !8& should be living !/& would have lived

.

21ay I play outside with my friends:4 2;o, you 5555 stay in the bed until the fever is gone.4 !A& can !8& could !6& might !/& must !7& may

<.

=.

?.

.

28oes Anto know that 1irna had an accident yesterday:4 2I don’t think so. (e 55555 as soon as we knew it.4 !A& may have told him !6& should have told him !7& had to tell him !8& must have told him !/& had beer tell him 2(e’re running out of fruits, while 9i needs some this morning as she is on a diet.4 2@ou 5555 to the neighbouring fruit stall, then4 !A& had beer hurry !6& would rather hurry !7& may hurry !8& could hurry !/& might hurry 2(hat should the country do maintain selfOsuPcient in rice:4 2It 55555 double its rice production.4 !A& could !8& would !6& must !/& will !7& had to 2I am tired of watching that movieH there is too much violence.4 2I agreeH 55555 the channel:4 !A& I should change !6& (ould we rather change !7& I must change !8& Shall I change !/& 3ad I beer change


28on’t forget to lock your front door when you leave.4 2I 5555 my niece will stay at home today.4 !A& not need to !8& mustn’t !6& don’t lock !/& don’t have to !7& shall not 2I wonder where my reading glasses are. 3ave you seen them:4 2;o, I haven’t. @ou 55555 left them in the oPce.4 !A& should have !6& should be having !7& must be having !8& might have !/& ought to have

-C. 2There’s a leer stating that Ina has to leave for the G.S. ne*t week.4 2(ell, she 5555 the news right away then.4 !A& should tell !6& should have told !7& should be telling !8& should be told !/& should be telling --. 2I wonder if the sound system and the overhead pro"ector are ready for my presentation.4 2@ou 55555 check the e>uipment beforehand.4 !A& had to !6& could have !7& had beer !8& would rather !/& must have -%. They have lost all their possessions in the reH they 5555 a hard time now.4 !A& may have had !6& must be having !7& ought to have !8& used to have !/& must still have had -. 21y car was stolen from the garage and I don’t know if I can buy another one.4 2@ou 55555 it.4 !A& had to insure !6& should have insured !7& will have insured !8& ought to insure !/& must have insured -<. 2The doctor promised to come at  a.m., but he isn’t here yet.4 23e 5555 some patients.4 !A& ought still to have !6& might still have !7& is still to have !8& would still have !/& must still have had -=. 2(hy were they suddenly ill after having lunch in the cafetaria:4 2There 55555 something wring with the food.4 !A& must have been

-

!6& ought to be !7& would have been !8& might be !/& should have been -?. 2Tony no longer waits for ;ita to eat lunch at the cafetariaH and he doesn’t call her either.4 2(ell, he 5555 no longer be interested in dating her.4 !A& could !8& has to !6& ought to !/& may !7& should -. 2(hy weren’t you at @anti’s birthday party last night:4 2Fh, I 55555 overtime.4 !A& must work !6& must have worked !7& should work !8& ought to have worked !/& should work -. 1y brother looked so e*hausted last night. 3e 555555555 all day. !A& should have worked !6& would have worked !7& might to have worked !8& must have worked !/& might work -B. +ina was deported for having an e*pired visa. She 5555555 her visa renewed. !A& would have got !6& should have got !7& would rather get !8& had beer get !/& must get %C. 2It’s so hot in this room. 5555555 I open the window:4 !A& might !8& must !6& can !/& ought to !7& will %-. 2Tony got an QA’ for /nglish.4 2That’s great 3e 55555 about it.4 !A& must be happy !6& had to be happy !7& could have been happy !8& should have been happy !/& have to be happy %%. 2The airline should have accepted the application of Agus, an e*perienced pilot.4 This means that 5555555. !A& the airline hired Agus !6& Agus refused to work for the airline !7& the airline didn’t receive Agus’ application !8& Agus was re"ected by the airline !/& the airline oMered Agus a "ob %. There were plenty of tickets left for the concert. (e 5555 have bought them in advance. !A& couldn’t !8& mustn’t !6& shouldn’t !/& wouldn’t !7& might not


%<. 2It is possible that there will be another rise in the price of petrol soon.4 (e can also sayD 2There 55555 another rise in the price of petrol soon.4 !A& must be !8& has to be !6& may be !/& had beer be !7& should be %=. She probably aended the meeting. (e can also sayD 555555. !A& She may aend the meeting !6& She might have aended the meeting !7& She could aend the meeting !8& She must have aended the meeting !/& She might not have aended the meeting %?. They 5555 to the other states before the hurricane hit the city. !A& ought to have moved !6& should move !7& will have moved !8& must have to move !/& need to move %. I’m sure he knows the fact. It meansD 3e 5555 the fact. !A& must know !6& would know !7& should have known !8& must have known !/& will know %. @ou 5555 come to the post oPce to get your package. It will be sent to you. !A& hadn’t had to !6& mustn’t !7& shouldn’t have !8& shouldn’t !/& don’t have to %B. 2I’m glad Adi’s academic performance has greatly improved this semester.4 2I bet, he 5555 hard for that.4 !A& should have worked !6& has to work !7& must have worked !8& would work !/& ought to have worked C. 2$erhaps the test is not so diPcult.4 (e can also sayD 555555. !A& The test is not so diPcult !6& The test might have not been so diPcult !7& The test might not be so diPcult !8& The test should not have been so diPcult !/& The test mustn’t have been so diPcult

1



CAUSATIVE 7ausative adalah kalimat menyuruh yang menggunakan have dan %et sebagai kata menyuruh.


<(* + B-+*B =&

-.

Since her handwriting is very bad, we will have her 55555 her composition. !A& types !8& type !6& typed !/& to type !7& typing

%.

Q1other has an interior decorator design the livingO room’ means that 55555. !A& 1other has to design the livingOroom !6& The livingOroom has already been designed by an interior decorator !7& 1other has asked an interior decorator to design the livingOroom !8& The interior decorator asked mother whether he could design the livingOroom !/& 1other has designed the livingOroom as the interior decorator re>uested

.

2(hen do you want to have the 'owers 5555 to your house:4 !A& to deliver !8& delivered !6& delivering !/& deliver !7& be delivered

<.

2(e need to replace the glass in the picture.4 2(e can go to the shop and 55555 now.4 !A& it’s being done !6& have it done !7& have done !8& it’s done !/& do it

=.

2/ven though he has seen a doctor, I can see that his condition is not improving.4 2555555 a specialist then.4 !A& 8oes he have !6& Isn’t he seeing !7& 3ave him see !8& 3e has seen !/& 3e too has seen

?.

2;ow that she has grown up, my niece has her old dresses lengthened.4 This means that 55555. !A& my niece has lengthened her old dresses !6& my niece asked someone to lengthen her old dresses !7& my niece has to lengthen her old dresses herself

Causative diba%i 9' yaitu: 8.

(ctive Causative

Kalimat menyuruh di mana sub"ect menyuruh ob"ect melakukan peker"aan. have Subject +

in>nitive + bject +

%et

to in>nitive

Contoh: I have him get some salt for me. They had the boy do their homework. She gets her sister to sweep the 'oor. (e will get him to send the package.    

9.

Passive Causative

Kalimat menyuruh di mana sub"ect menyuruh ob"ect dikenai peker"aan. have Subject + %et

+ bject + P0

Contoh: I get the report done. The teacher had the e*ercise nished. They have had the car *ed.   

)ika suatu kalimat 7ausative diminta kata lain selain have dan get, maka kataOkata ker"a yang bias digunakan adalahD  

ask, want, tell, order force # Fb" # to innitive let, make, bid # Fb" # innitive

Contoh: I have the cake cut by my sister R I ask my sister to cut the cake R I make my sister cut the cake. She had her secretary type the leer R She told her secretary to type the leer R She bid her secretary type the leer. 




11

.

!8& my niece has been told to lengthen her old dresses !/& my niece has been asked by someone to lengthen her old dresses 2I can’t read this leer. I don’t understand 9rench at all.4 QI don’t either, but let’s 55555.4 !A& translate it !6& have it translated !7& to translate it !8& have translated it !/& have to translate

.

The boy has his homework 5555555 by his sister. !A& do !8& done !6& did !/& to do !7& was done

B.

I don’t know how to translate this /nglish te*t. I555555555. !A& will have it translate !6& will have to translate it !7& will have it translated !8& will translate it !/& will have translated it

-C. (e get him to bring the ball. (e may conclude that 55555555. !A& we bring the ball !6& we asked him to bring the ball !7& we let him to bring the ball !8& we brought the ball !/& he brings the ball --. They had her 5555555 the room. !A& cleans !8& !6& to clean !/& !7& cleaning

clean cleaned

-%. I don’t have time to wash all the clothes. 555555 it. !A& I have my servant does !6& I have my servant do !7& I have my servant to do !8& I have my servant done !/& I have my servant doing -. As I found out that not all of the workshop participants knew about this week’s schedule, I got my secretary 5555555 it right away. !A& distributing !6& distributed !7& she distributes !8& to distribute !/& in distributing -<. 2I know that you have left these computers idle for some time because they are slow. $lease, 5555555 at once to make them ePcient for our work.4 !A& having to be upgraded !6& have them upgraded !7& they have been upgraded !8& have them upgrade !/& to have them upgraded


-=. 2(hat are the workmen doing in your garden:4 2Fh, I 555555555.4 !A& am having a ga0ebo built !6& am building a ga0ebo !7& have built a ga0ebo !8& have to build a ga0ebo !/& have been building a ga0ebo -?. 23ow can you determine students’ ability in writing:4 29or a start, 5555555 a veOhundredOword essay.4 !A& the students write !6& the students are writing !7& have the students to write !8& the students have wrien !/& have the students write -. 2(hat’s that noise upstairs:4 2The school 5555555.4 !A& have to renovate its secondO'oor classrooms !6& has already renovated its secondO'oor classrooms !7& is having its secondO'oor classrooms renovated !8& will have to renovate its secondO'oor classrooms !/& has had to renovate its secondO'oor classrooms -. 2As I was sent out of town to work on a construction pro"ect, I could not help my ance with our wedding preparations4. 26ut you should 555555554. !A& ask her to help !6& have helped her !7& ask us to help her !8& have somebody help her !/& have her help you -B. 2(hat a nuisance This is the second time that my cell phone isn’t working4. 23ave you taken it to the service center 555555555:4 !A& they will check it for you !6& to have it checked !7& they have to check it !8& you should check it !/& to have to check it %C. 23ow can the faculty accommodate the increasing number of incoming students with such limited classes:4 2(ell, I think the faculty will 55555555.4 !A& has e*panded its premises !6& to have its premises e*panded !7& has to e*pand its premises !8& have to have its premises e*panded !/& have had to e*pand its premises %-. 2The manager needs the nancial tomorrow’s meeting.4 2All right, 5555555 immediately.4 !A& I’ll have processed them !6& I want to process them

data

for

12

!7& I’ll have them processed !8& I have already processed them !/& I’ll have processed them %%. She doesn’t know how to * the television. So, she gets it 5555555. !A& repaired !8& repairs !6& repair !/& to repairing !7& to repair

C. It is impossible for us to translate the whole book within % weeks. So we 555555. !A& have to translate it all by ourselves !6& have some assistants help us !7& have translated the whole book !8& have been asked to translate it !/& have given all the translation to the assistants

%. (e always get the gardener to cut the grass. It means that 55555555. !A& we always let the gardener cut the grass !6& we cut the grass !7& the gardener will cut the grass !8& we ordered the gardener to cut the grass !/& the gardener always asks us to cut the grass %<. 1y sister doesn’t have time to do all the work herself. So, she 555555 her. !A& has me helps !6& has me helped !7& have me help !8& have me helping !/& has me help %=. The man had his coat 555555 by the best tailor in this town. !A& make !8& to make !6& makes !/& making !7& made %?. 2The curtains of my room need washing4. 2(ell, go to the laundry and 555555554. !A& wash them !6& they are washed !7& it should wash them !8& have them washed !/& make them wash %. 1y lile brother had scaered all his toys on my bed, so I had him 5555555 the bed before night fell. !A& clear !6& to clear !7& cleared !8& be clearing !/& to be cleared %. The teacher had students who didn’t bring their identication cards 5555555 the auditorium where the e*ams were held. !A& left !6& leave !7& to leave !8& leaving !/& leaves %B. 2I don’t think you can translate the whole book by yourself4. 2@ou’re right. I’d like to 555555 a part of it for me.4 !A& have you translate !6& you have translated !7& have translated for you !8& you have to translate !/& have been translating


13



CONDITIONAL SENTENCE Cara mudah untu" men%in%at Subjunctive adalah: C?@)&)?(3 adalah kalimat pengandaian. 7onditional terdiri dari anak kalimat !if clause& dan induk kalimat !main clause&. &y$e I

II

)F C3(,S Simple $resent

7()? C3(,S $resent 9uture

Simple $ast

$ast 9uture



)ika ada Sim$le Present di awal atau di akhir kalimat, maka Sub"unctive nya harus ada dalam S. Past &ense 1Subject+verb9/were5 .

Contoh: 3e is not here. I wish he were here. The man is an oPce boy, but he acts as if he worked as a manager.  

III

$ast $erfect

$ast 9uture $erfect



Contoh: If he comes early, he won’t be punished. If there were a traPc "am, I would be late. 3e would have answered all >uestions if he had studied. 

)ika ada Simple $ast di awal atau di akhir kalimat, maka Sub"unctive nya harus dalam Past Perfect 1Subject+had+verb0/been5.

 

)ika yang ditanya adalah meaning atau real fact suatu kalimat 7onditional, makaD

&y$e )

kemungkinan !possibility& ditandai denganD perhaps Simple $resent possibleLy # probableLy $resent 9uture Simple $resent !bertentangan dengan 7onditional nya& Simple $ast !bertentangan dengan 7onditional nya& 

Contoh: 3e didn’t pass the test. If only he had passed the test. 3e acted as if he had been there before. 



)ika yang men"adi penanda bentuk Sub"unctive nya adalah keterangan waktu, bukan kalimat, makaD 

 

&y$e )) &y$e )))



Contoh: If I knew it, I would tell you. It meansD I don’t know it, so I don’t tell you. They will have breakfast if she prepares it for them. It meansD $erhaps, she prepares it for them. 3e would have gone to the party if he had been invited. It meansD 3e didn’t go to the party because he wasn’t invited. 







SUBUNCTIVE S,B-,?C&)* adalah ungkapan yang berisi harapan atau penyesalan.

now every  once  usually often seldom , etc

+ Sim$le Past

yesterday last   a%o + Past Perfect this mornin% recently tomorrow ne#t   later + Past Future toni%ht soon immediately

Contoh: I wish I always had much money. She acts as if she had come yesterday. I would rather we would nish the report soon.  

7iriOciri Sub"unctive dalam menggunakan kataOkataD wish as if as though if only would rather

suatu

 

kalimat

adalah



/ama $engan Con$itional /&b&ncti0e &ga mem+&nyai meaning ata& real fact.

  


 

Subjunctive Simple $ast $ast $erfect

7eanin%/eal fact Simple $resent Simple $ast

14



$ast 9uture

$resent 9uture

Contoh: She acts as if she knew the truth. It meansD She doesn’t know the truth. I would rather I had passed the test. It meansD I didn’t pass the test. If only he could get much money. It meansD 3e can’t get much money.









-.

If I had not >uarreled with )ohn, I could have gone to the party with him. It can be concluded that 55555 to the party. !A& perhaps, I’ll go with )ohn !6& )ohn promised to go with me !7& I didn’t go with )ohn !8& )ohn would like to go with me !/& I went with )ohn

%.

(hen the lile boy saw the dog, he ran away and was bien. (e can conclude that 25555555.4 !A& If he hadn’t run away, he wouldn’t have been bien !6& If he doesn’t run away, he won’t be bien !7& If he ran away, he would be bien !8& If he hasn’t run away, he wouldn’t be bien !/& Gnless he ran away, he wouldn’t be bien

.

If I hadn’t booked in advance, I would have had diPculties in geing good accommodation at a reasonable price. The sentence means that 55555. !A& It was diPcult to get a room although I had a reservation. !6& I found a room in advance but it wasn’t comfortable !7& The room I got was good but rather e*pensive !8& I was lucky to get a good room without reservation !/& I got a good room and I didn’t have to pay much

<.

I deposited all my idle money in the bankH if not, I 555555 it on things I did not really need. !A& will spend !6& am going to spend !7& could spend !8& can spend !/& would have spent

=.

23ad the company been fair in giving bonuses, the employees would not have gone on strike.4 9rom the above sentence we may conclude that 55555. !A& the employees are still going on strike !6& the company gave the employees fair bonuses !7& the employees were not given bonuses at all !8& the company has lost many employees !/& the employees were very dissatised

1

?.

.

.

B.

If Angga had chosen to play football instead of going to $uncak with his friends on their motorbikes, he would not have got that terrible accident. 9rom the above sentence we may conclude that now Angga is 555555. !A& en"oying the holiday !6& hospitali0ed !7& very tired !8& still at the football eld !/& in $uncak 23ow was your test:4 2;ot very good. I 5555 much beer if I had not misread the direction for the last section.4 !A& might do !6& must have done !7& should do !8& could have done !/& would do A

D 8o you think it was 8anu who broke +indi’s bike: 6 D 5555. I’m sure he would have told you. !A& If he broke it !6& Gnless he had broken it !7& 6ecause he had broken it !8& Gnless he broke it !/& If he had broken it

28id $aul get his work done:4 23e 5555 if his computer had not broken down.4 !A& could !6& could be !7& could not !8& could have !/& could not have

-C. (e would not have lost our bag, if we 5555 it in the hotel. !A& left !6& have left !7& had left !8& would have !/& would have left --. She could have aended the meeting if she had taken the rst train. It means that 55555. !A& the rst train was late !6& she didn’t like the meeting !7& she was too late for the rst train !8& the meeting was cancelled !/& she stayed at home that day -%. If the car were in beer condition, we would make a long trip now. It may be concluded that we 5555. !A& have to stay at home !6& are en"oying the trip !7& prefer staying at home !8& en"oyed the trip !/& stayed at home


-. 3ad I reali0ed that Tim was a bad driver, I 5555 my car. !A& would not lend him !6& did not lend him !7& will not lend him !8& had not lent him !/& would not have lent him -<. 23ad my parents had enough money, I would have studied at this academy.4 9rom the sentence we knew that the speaker 55555. !A& failed the entrance test !6& was the student of the academy !7& had applied for a scholarship !8& was not a student of the academy !/& had not been given a scholarship -=. If he 5555 more condent during the interview, he might have got the "ob he wanted. !A& were !6& would be !7& could have been !8& had been !/& was being -?. 3ad he 'own to 1adura, instead of taking the train, he would have seen the bull race. (e may conclude that 55555. !A& the bull race was cancelled !6& he came in time for the bull race !7& bull races frightened him !8& he found the bull race e*citing !/& he was not present at the bull race -. 2If the company’s personnel department had mailed the leer earlier, I would not have been too late for the interview.4 (e may conclude that 55555. !A& I did not want to be interviewed !6& the company did not send the leer !7& I went through the interview !8& the leer came too early !/& I missed the interview -. They climbed higher so that they got a beer view. (e can also sayD 55555. !A& If they had not climbed higher, they would not have got a beer view !6& If they didn’t climb higher, they wouldn’t get a beer view !7& If they didn’t climb higher, they didn’t get a beer view !8& If they don’t climb higher, they won’t get a beer view !/& If they won’t climb higher, they don’t get a beer view -B. 23ad I known you were e*pecting a call, I wouldn’t have used the phone so long.4 The underlined words mean 55555. !A& I would like to talk on the phone !6& I was about to use the phone !7& I kept talking on the phone !8& I was waiting to use the phone !/& I stopped talking on the phone

1!

%C. 3ad he handed in his application, he 5555 last week. !A& would be allowed to "oin the interview test !6& was being allowed to "oin the interview test !7& would have been allowed to "oin the interview test !8& he will have been allowed to "oin the interview test !/& he was allowed to "oin the interview test %-. If I had a car, I would drive to $uncak very often, means 55555. !A& I didn’t have a car, so I didn’t drive to $uncak very often. !6& I don’t have a car, so I don’t drive to $uncak very often !7& I didn’t have a car, yet I drive to $uncak very often !8& I don’t have a car, yet I drive to $uncak very often !/& I had a car, so I could drive to $uncak very often %%. 28o you know that Tanto had withdrawn his money from the bank "ust before it was li>uidated:4 2Fh yes, if he hadn’t done it, he 5555 a great deal.4 !A& lost !6& would lose !7& has lost !8& had lost !/& would have lost %. I am sorry I cannot go to the airport to see your mother oM. I wish I 5555 to work overtime tonight. !A& wouldn’t have !6& haven’t had !7& won’t have !8& hadn’t had !/& don’t have

2@es, I wish she 5555 here now to help me type the report.4 !A& is !6& will be !7& were !8& had been !/& would be %. I am sure he is not the man in charge of the sales department. 6ut now, he 55555. !A& acts as if he is the sales manager !6& is acting as if he would be the sales manager !7& would have acted as if he had been the sales manager !8& would act as if he was the sales manager !/& acts as if he were the sales manager %B. 3e orders people around as if he were the owner of the restaurant. 9rom the above statement we may conclude that 5555. !A& he has worked hard to own the restaurant !6& he has been the owner for years !7& he is very proud of his restaurant !8& he is "ust an ordinary employee !/& he is a successful businessman C. 2Tita, are you going to see the dentist this afternoon:4 QI wish I didn’t have to.4 (e may conclude that 5555 to the dentist. !A& she doesn’t have to go !6& she needs to go !7& she is not going this afternoon !8& she is willing to go !/& she has gone

%<. 2@ou look tired. (hy don’t you take a rest:4 2I wish I 5555. I have to nish this report.4 !A& would have able !6& can !7& will be able !8& could !/& had been able %=. 2$roblems of transportation have caused donated food and clothing for the tsunami victims to be piled up at the airport.4 2I wish 555555.4 !A& there are more volunteers to help !6& the victims should not have worried !7& the government can ask for help !8& the problem will be solved immediately !/& there were more helicopters available %?.

6ill has been working for this book store for many years and now he acts as if he were the owner. 9rom this sentence we may conclude that 55555. !A& 6ill is an honest man !6& 6ill has become a rich man !7& 6ill is shareholder !8& 6ill is not the owner of the store !/& 6ill is the one whom the owner trusts

%. 2Is /vi still sick:4


1"



PA!TICIPLE 9.

adalah bentuk kata ker"a 8.

Present Partici$le 1*B.)?=5

Bentuk :

Bentuk :

P0 ' S. Present/S. Past 7eanin%: Because (s + S. Present/S. Past 1Passive5 Since For

*B.in% ' S. Present/S. Past 7eanin%: Because (s Since For

Past Partici$le 1verb0 A P05





+ S. Present/S. Past

Contoh D $ainted by the famous painter, the painting became a masterpiece. It meansD As the painting was painted by the famous painter, it became a masterpiece. Taken to the dentist, the boy cries. It meansD 6ecause he is taken to the dentist, the boy cries. 



When + Present/Past Continuous

While



ContohD Trying hard to be the best in her class, she studied hard every night. It meansD As she tried hard to be the best in her class, she studied hard every night. (alking alone in the mall , I meet an old friend. It meansD (hile I was walking alone in the mall, I meet an old friend. 



0.

Perfect Partici$le

Bentuk :

*B.in% that clause' S. Present/S. Past



7eanin%: Because (s + S. Present/S. Past Since For 

Contoh D 3aving stolen the "ewelry, the thief was arrested. It meansD After he had stolen the "ewelry, the thief was arrested. 3aving been beaten by the boy, the dog ran away. It meansD After it had been beaten by the boy, the dog ran away. 



ContohD Knowing that I lied to her, she was really angry with me. It meansD 6ecause she knew that I lied to her, she was really angry with me. 9eeling that she needs to be alone , I leave the room. It meansD Since I feel that she needs to be alone, I leave the room. 



Selain itu Participle digunakan : 

see' watch' notice' *b.in% observe' hear' listen' + bj + feel' taste' smell )n>nitive

Bein% + adj/noun' S. Present/S. Past 7eanin%: Because (s + S. Present/S. Past Since For ContohD 6eing a gentleman, he lets her in rst. It meansD 6ecause he is a gentleman, he lets her in rst. 6eing tired , I couldn’t nish my homework. It meansD Since I was tired, I couldn’t nish my homework. 

ContohD I saw him standing there. (e watch her play the violin. I hear her singing the song.   






(fter verbs of $hysical $erce$tion !kata ker"a panca indera&, antara lainD



$engurangan Jelative $ronoun dalam Ad"ective 7lause "ika yang digunakan adalah kalimat 7ontinous atau kalimat $assive.

1,

ContohD The man who is speaking to the police is a detective R The man speaking to the police is a detective. The boy who was punished by the teacher played truant yesterday R The boy punished by the teacher played truant yesterday.








-.

6eing an outstanding student of our school, he has been oMered a scholarship to study in Australia. The underlined words meanD Q55555 of our school.’ !A& If he is an outstanding student !6& Although he is an outstanding student !7& (hen he is an outstanding student !8& As he is an outstanding student !/& 6efore he is an outstanding student

%.

5555 a few million rupiahs, he went on a tour to /urope. !A& Saved !6& 3ave saved !7& 3e has saved !8& 3aving saved !/& After he saves

.

The window pane 55555 by /di has not been repaired yet. !A& broke !6& breaking !7& be broken !8& broken !/& was broken

<.

5555 near a beautiful beach, the town soon became a popular tourist resort. !A& Situation !6& It is situated !7& Situating !8& Situates !/& Situated

=.

A few days after the interview, I received a leer 55555 me a "ob. !A& he oMered !6& oMered !7& being oMered !8& oMering !/& it was oMering

?.

Trying to smuggle drugs into the country , the criminals were caught by custom oPcials at the airport. The underlined words meanD Q5555 to smuggle drugs into the country. !A& (hen the criminals were trying !6& Although the custom oPcials have tried !7& 6efore the smugglers tried !8& 6ecause the custom oPcials were trying !/& Gntil the criminals were trying

.

Frnamented with beautiful traditional 6alinese carving, 555555. !A& many foreign tourists are curious to visit the house !6& the anti>uity of the house is admired by many tourists

$resent $articiple !+b.ing& dan $ast $articiple !$& dapat berfungsi sebagai ad"ective yang terletak sebelum kata benda !;oun&.

*b.in% +

?,?

P0 ContohD I like to see the blooming 'owers. They tried to nd the hidden treasure in the island. I hate raining day. I can’t do anything outside the house. The wrien manuscript has been found by her.   





$resent $articiple !+b.ing& dan $ast $articiple dapat digunakan setelahD

>nd *b.in% catch + bj + leave P0 Contoh: They caught the thief breaking into their house. I found my money stolen. 3e left his son crying.   


1-

!7& tourist guides often bring their guests to visit the house !8& the owner of the house allows tourists to visit and admire its beauty !/& the house of a local resident becomes an ob"ect of tourism .

555555555, she was able to achieve what she had dreamed of. !A& 7arefully did she plan her future !6& She planned her future carefully !7& 3er future was planned with care !8& 3er future was carefully planned !/& 3aving planned her future carefully

B.

A symbol of royal prosperity in the past, the old castle, 555555 rmly on the island shore, is fre>uently visited by foreign tourists. !A& stand !6& stood !7& standing !8& to stand !/& are standing

-C. 3olding posters with various messages for the 6oard, the factory workers are claiming beer working condition. The underlined words mean Q5555 posters with various messages. !A& (hile they are holding !6& 6ecause they held !7& After they had held !8& Since they have held !/& 6efore they hold --. Several individuals 55555 diMerent groups have become united in their eMorts to make the government cancel the increase of fuel price. !A& represent !6& to represent !7& they represent !8& representing !/& represented -%. 23aving seen the movie before, I did not nd it as e*citing as it had been.4 The above sentence means 555555. !A& The movie is very interesting !6& She has watched the movie at least twice !7& 6ecause the movie was not e*citing, she did not watch it again !8& She watched the movie and she did not like it !/& She likes watching the movie -. 3aving read the document carefully, 555555. !A& the manager signed it !6& the manager signature was aP*ed !7& the document is signed by the manager !8& it was signed by the manager !/& the document that is signed by the manager


-<. (anting to get more consumers to use its service, 555555. !A& there are bonuses given by 6ank Arya on customers’ deposits !6& customer get bonuses on their deposits from 6ank Arya !7& customers’ deposits are given bonuses by 6ank Arya !8& 6ank Arya is giving bonuses on its customers’ deposits !/& customers are given bonuses on their deposits by 6ank Arya -=. 5555 by not more than ue village in (est )ava. !A& Inhabit !6& To inhabit !7& Inhabited !8& Inhabitant !/& Inhabiting -?. 55555 at two prestigious universities, Amanda has a hard time deciding which one to choose. !A& Accepting !6& She was accepting !7& Accepted !8& To be accepted !/& She was accepting -. In 6iology, a cell is dened as the smallest unit of life, 55555 all the components re>uired for independent e*istence. !A& contains !6& is contained !7& it contains !8& containing !/& to be contained -. Interested in developing tourism in Indonesia, 55555. !A& the government cooperate with related education centres !6& there is cooperation between the government and related education centres !7& the establishment of cooperation between government and related education centres has been reali0ed !8& cooperation between government and related education centres has been established !/& it is necessary to establish cooperation between the government and related centres of education -B. 23aving been defeated three times in a row, the bo*er decided to give up ghting means4 555555. !A& Although he was defeated three times in a row, he decided to give up ghting !6& 3e decided to give up ghting, after he had been defeated three times in a row !7& As he had decided to give up ghting, he was defeated three times in a row !8& 3e decided to give up ghting, so he was defeated three times in a row !/& (hen he decided to give up ghting, he was defeated three times in a row

2

!/& had opened %C. ;oticing I had dropped my purse, 555555. !A& the bus conductor called after me !6& I was called after by the bus conductor !7& it was the bus conductor who called after me !8& there was the bus conductor calling after me !/& the bus conductor was called after me

%. I secretly heard him 55555 the song. !A& sings !6& sang !7& to sing !8& to singing !/& sing

%-. Junning down the stairs, she slipped and broke her leg. The underlined words meanD 55555 down the stairs. !A& (hile she was running !6& 6ecause she was running !7& As she would run !8& After she had run !/& in order that she could run

%B. 3aving switched oM the lights, 55555. !A& it was the door he locked !6& the door was locked !7& this locked the door !8& the door was locked behind him !/& he locked the door

%%. Talking e*citedly to each other , they forget to nish the e*ercise. The underlined words meanD 55555 they forget to nish their e*ercise. !A& Although they talked e*citedly !6& In order that they could talk e*citedly !7& 6ecause they were talking e*citedly !8& (hen they had talked e*citedly !/& If they talked e*citedly

C. 5555 a skillful photographer, a person should have both manual skill and a good eye for detail. !A& 6ecoming !6& 3e can become !7& To become !8& (hen he becomes !/& 3aving become

%. Two of my friends 5555 in the school ght last weekend have been arrested by the police. !A& they were involved !6& involved !7& to be involved !8& involving !/& were involved %<. The young men 55555 by the institute are all university graduates. !A& employ !6& employed !7& to employ !8& employing !/& be employer %=. The work 5555 computers re>uired wellOtrained personnel. !A& involved !6& involve !7& to be involved !8& involves !/& involving %?. (hen we got home yesterday, we saw a man 55555 to get on our roof. !A& tried !6& was trying !7& had tried !8& tries !/& trying %. The owner of the house found the front door 55555 when he got home. !A& opening !6& open !7& to open !8& opened


21



GE!UND =,?@: +b.ing yang berfungsi sebagai kata benda !;oun&.



/ebagai Com+lement (+eleng%a+) Subject + to be + vb.in%

8i dalam kalimat, Nerund digunakanD 

/ebagai /&bect Contoh: 1y hobby is cycling. (hat he likes is reading many books.

*B.)?= + *B/(u# !singular&

7ontohD Singing makes me happy. Swimming is her hobby. 8rinking too much causes him drunk.

 



/etelah +re+osition'+re+ositional +hrase







+ vb.ing with, without, of, oM, about, etc





Seba%ai bject Sebagai ob"ect, Nerund terletak setelah kataOkata ker"a tertentu, antara lainD 

in, on, at, before, after



avoid, deny, en"oy, consider, keep, mind, prevent, postpone, # +b. ing go, nd, risk

keen on, interested in, afraid of, bad at, good at, sorry for, astonished at, # +b.ing worried about, sad about, happy about, etc

Contoh: 6efore entering the room, he opens his shoes. I am sorry for coming late. 3e has been interested in painting for so long. 

ContohD 3e avoids playing with the naughty boy. They kept asking to get into the room. (e consider going for a picnic.







 



start, begin, remember, love, +b.ing like, continue, dislike, stop, # nish, hate, forget To Innitive

IN"INITIVE )n>nitif adalah kata ker"a dasar. 

ContohD The baby begins to walk. 3e loved watching a football game. They stop to take a rest.



& )?F)?)&)*H digunakanD Setelah "ata "erja tertentu * intend, decide, pretend, try, refuse, hope, fail 

 

# to innitive





Contoh: They intended to renovate their house. She pretends to be sick.

look forward to ob"ect to # +b.ing to be # used to to be # accustomed to

 



Contoh: (e are looking forward to visiting our grandma. I ob"ect to listening to his e*cuse. She is accustomed to cooking herself.

ask, agree, aempt, want, teach, promise, !Fb"& # to innitive force, tell



Contoh: 3e wants me to leave him alone. 3e forced us to do his homework.









Ece+tion* 

used to # Innitive accustomed to



beg, e*pect, warn # Fb" # to innitive

Contoh: 1other warns me not to go near the well. I e*pect you to come. 

Contoh: 3e used to walk to school. They accustomed to spend their time for nothing.



 



/etelah %ata sifat $an %ata ben$a 


ad"ective

22

noun

# to innitive

Contoh: The tree is too high to climb. 3e needs a knife to cut the cake. 






/etelah %ata tanya $alam no&n cla&se . (ord # to innitive Contoh: I don’t know where to go. 3e learned how to * cars from his father. 

 





-.

8on’t put oM 55555 the application form. !A& to ll in !6& ll in !7& for lling in !8& lling in !/& you ll in

%.

As a child, I always en"oyed 5555 in the rain. !A& be playing !6& play !7& played !8& playing !/& to play

.

8espite criticism from political opponents, the new president continues his 55555 abroad to appeal to foreign countries to invest in Indonesia. !A& to travel !6& travelled !7& travelling !8& be travelling !/& to be travelled

<.

28id you thank Andi for the dictionary he bought for you:4 2@es, I didH I really appreciate it for me.4 !A& to buy !6& buys !7& buying it !8& to have bought !/& his buying

=.

2(hat is annoying your mother so much:4 255555 in the bedroom.4 !A& 1y father is smoking !6& The smoking of my father !7& It is my father who smokes !8& 1y father’s smoking !/& 1y father smokes

?.

I am looking forward to 55555 ne*t week. !A& seeing !6& see !7& will see !8& be seeing !/& be seen

.

2(hy don’t you want Amir to be the team leader:4 2(ell, I don’t like 5555 people around4 !A& his ordering !6& why he orders !7& he is ordering !8& he orders !/& with his ordering

B( )?F)?)&)* 1)?F)?)&)* W)&<,& &5 H digunakanD

/etelah %ata %era tertent& let, make, help, have, bid # innitive Contoh: I let her nish the work. 3e helped me solve my problem. 

 



/etelah mo$als will, shall, can, may, must, might, would, # innitive could, should Contoh: (e must call the police. @ou should come earlier. 

 



i%a nee$ want re&ire a$a $alam %alimat +assi0e ma%a* need +b.ing want # re>uire to be # $ Contoh: The 'oor needs sweeping R The 'oor needs to be swept. It wants cuing R It wants to be cut 




23

!/& liked going to school .

6eing lost, the tourist stopped 5555 at his map for the place they wanted to visit. !A& looking !6& to look !7& looked !8& he looked !/& was looking

-?. 2(hat did Adi nally decide:4 255555 his 1aster’s degree in Australia.4 !A& 3e can take !6& 3is taking !7& Taking !8& 6e taking !/& To take

B.

2(hat are these horns of a buMalo used for:4 2(ell, mostly for 5555 handicrafts.4 !A& make !6& to make !7& being made !8& they make !/& making

-. 28o you think I can wear my new necklace:4 2I wouldn’t advise you 5555 "ewelry in a diPcult time like this.4 !A& wear !6& to wear !7& to be wearing !8& wearing !/& be wearing

-C. 1y brother, who was not used to 55555 a room with someone else, was >uite unhappy when he couldn’t have his own room in the dormitory. !A& sharing !6& share !7& be sharing !8& be shared !/& being shared

-. It is useful 555 the chapters before they are discussed in the class. !A& reads !6& reading !7& having read !8& for reading !/& to read

--. After 5555 his pass, he was allowed to enter the building. !A& shown !6& have shown !7& showed !8& showing !/& to show

-B. The acids, salts, and vitamins that fruits furnish are very helpful 555555 a balanced and healthful diet. !A& to keep !6& kept !7& keeping !8& they keep !/& for keeping

-%. I remember 5555 in this town when traPc wasn’t too heavy yet. !A& be driving !6& were drive !7& drive !8& driving !/& to drive

%C. 1y lile brother had scaered all his toys on my bed, so I had him 555555 before the night fell. !A& clear !6& to clear !7& cleared !8& be clearing !/& to be cleared

-. (e always avoid 5555 to the 0oo on Sundays because it is too crowded.

%-. Q(hat do the employees e*actly want:’ Q555555.’ !A& To get beer working conditions !6& Increasing workers’ motivation !7& (hether the number of employees should be reduced !8& Nreater responsibilities are given to them !/& They get more training programs

(A) going (B) go

!8& to go !/& to be going

!7& we go -<. According to the latest issue of the "ournal of the American 1edical Association, 555555 can reduce the risk of sudden cardiac death in men. !A& sh being eaten once a week !6& if we eat sh once a week !7& to eat weekly sh !8& sh to be eaten weekly !/& eating sh "ust once a week -=. 2(hile living in 6ogor, we always went to school on foot.4 This means that we 55555 on foot while we were living in 6ogor. !A& go to school !6& are going to school !7& used to go to school !8& are used to going to school


%%. All new students at this university are re>uired 55555 an /nglish prociency test. !A& taking !6& having to take !7& take !8& will take !/& to take %. The motion picture originated when a series of still photographs were spliced and viewed in rapid succession 555555 of movement and continuity. !A& for creation !6& in the creation of !7& creating

24

!8& to create !/& created %<. Q(hat did you tell the students:’ Q555555555.’ !A& ;ot to wear sandals !6& @ou don’t wear sandals !7& They don’t wear sandals !8& 9or not wearing sandals !/& (earing no sandals %=. Q(hat is it that you want us to do:’ Q555555 all the lights when you leave the oPce.’ !A& Turning oM !6& 9or turning oM !7& @ou turn oM !8& To turn oM !/& (e turn oM %?. The last person to leave the building must 55555 out the lights. !A& turned !6& to turn !7& turning !8& turn !/& turns %. The general watch the soldiers 55555 the damaged village. !A& to renovate !6& renovate !7& renovation !8& be renovated !/& are renovating %. Tom helped his mother 5555 the dinner ready. !A& gets !8& get !6& got !/& to get !7& to geing %B. She never lets her children 55555 very late. !A& stays up !8& staying up !6& to stay up !/& to be stay up !7& stay up C. They would rather 55555 in the country. They hate city life. !A& to live !8& lived !6& live !/& are living !7& living


2



CONCO!DANCE adalah persesuaian bagianObagian di dalam kalimat. $ersesuaian yang paling mendasar adalah persesuaian antara sub"ect dengan verb atau au*iliary nya dan persesuaian antara sub"ect dengan pronoun !kata ganti&.

Contoh: 3e is either a liar or a thief. They neither worked nor had a rest. She is a secretary as well a mother.   

Contoh: The man was a criminal when he was young. She has submied her report to the manager.

every + ?oun 1s%5 each either of + ?oun 1$lu5 + verb/au# 1s%5 neither none + of + ?oun 1$lu5 + verb/au# 1$lu5

 

Concor$ance yang lain* not only  but also  both  and   and 

6agianObagian yang kosong dalam rumus di atas harus diisi dengan "enis kata yang sama. Contoh: 3e is both a guitarist and a vocalist. 3e was late not only because he was trapped in a traPc "am but also because he got up late. At last, my sister decides to study and to work.

Contoh: ;either of them is here. /very child has their own toys. ;one of the girls like her.   

&he number of+noun 1$lu5 + verb/au# 1s%5 ( number of + noun 1$lu5 + verb/au# 1$lu5

 



neither  nor  ?8 ?9 + verb/au# either  or  !sesuai dengan noun ke %&

Contoh: A number of boys are watching the game. The number of the spectators is known. A number of rules have been issued.   

Contoh: ;either my brother nor my sisters love playing chess like me. /ither the workers or the system needs to be improved. 



as well as ?8 1to%ether5 with ?9 + verb/au# !sesuai dengan of in addition noun ke -& Contoh: The students as well as their teacher are marching to celebrate the Independence 8ay. The boy with the black shoes plays football very well. The sound of the birds is really comforting. 







)ika yang diminta bukan verb atau au*, maka bagian yang diisi oleh ;oun - dan ;oun % harus diisi oleh "enis kata yang sama.


2!


-.

%.

.

Tini’s fre>uent absence from school and 55555 for almost all sub"ects are caused by her addiction to narcotics. !A& she has bad grades !6& her grades that are bad !7& her bad grades !8& that her grades are bad !/& all her grades are bad The great number of unskilled labor and 55555 has made it diPcult for the company’s products to compete with those of other companies. !A& there are no e*perienced managers !6& nor are there e*perienced managers !7& ine*perienced managers !8& neither are the managers e*perienced !/& the managers are all ine*perienced The oPce building, as well as several houses, 55555 completely damaged by the bomb e*plosion. !A& (as !8& were !6& they were !/& to be !7& it was

<.

The news on the local radio stations as well as in the newspapers 55555 that the riots have spread to other places in the city. !A& to be conrmed !6& is conrmed !7& conrm !8& are conrmed !/& conrms

=.

The higher rate of pollution in this area is caused by the increasing number of cars as well as by 5555555. !A& the smoke from factories are emied !6& the factories emit smoke !7& the smoke which factories emit !8& the factory smoke is emied !/& the emission of the smoke from factories

?.

.

Advertisements both in'uence people’s spending habits 5555555. !A& their standard of living is also raised !6& but also the rising of their standard of living !7& they can raise their standard of living, too !8& and raise their standard of living !/& as well as the raise in their standard of living They have worked hard to prevent e*cessive government spending, protect environment, and 555555. !A& provide >uality education !6& the provision of >uality education !7& providing >uality education !8& >uality education is provided !/& for providing >uality education


.

In evaluating your progress, the teacher will take into account 5555555, aitude, and achievements. !A& how you performed !6& your performance !7& if you performed !8& that you performed !/& when you have performed

B.

/ither the management or the education system of our Institute 55555 to be reviewed to increase the number of graduates ne*t year. !A& that needs !6& to need !7& needs !8& needing !/& they need

-C. ;either the hotel facilities comfortable stay for the guests. !A& and also its services !6& nor its services !7& and nor its services !8& or its hotel services !/& both its hotel services

555555

ensure

a

--. QI heard that the thieves managed to take your electronics.’ Q(ell, not only the electronics 55555.’ !A& as well my precious "ewelry !6& but they took my precious "ewelry too !7& and also my precious "ewelry !8& but also my precious "ewelry !/& and they took my precious "ewelry -%. Anwar decided to >uit school and 55555 on his career in music. !A& concentrating !6& concentrates !7& he will concentrate !8& be concentrating !/& concentrate -. Tari was punished by the teacher not only because she forgot to bring her book 555555. !A& and she didn’t do her homework too !6& but she didn’t do her homework either !7& but also for not doing her homework !8& as well as she didn’t do her homework !/& but also because she didn’t do her homework -<. This area is not feasible for transmigration because of its fertile soil and 5555555. !A& it has a dry climate !6& the climate is dry !7& because the climate is dry !8& the dryness of the climate !/& dry climate -=. All the doctors in our hospital have their own practice room and each of them 55555 a nurse to assist him. !A& needs !6& they need !7& he needs

2"

!8& need !/& to need -?. The installation of various highOtech electrical devices in our oPce 555555 a sophisticated safety system. !A& re>uiring !6& re>uires !7& to re>uire !8& re>uire !/& it re>uires -. The nancial report states that the pey cash has been used for reimbursing transportations costs and 555555 computers. !A& upgrading !6& it is to upgrade !7& to upgrade !8& we upgrade !/& we need to upgrade -. $arliament members were troubled not only by the present political condition 555555. !A& but the current socioOeconomic condition !6& and so is the current socioOeconomic condition !7& besides the current socioOeconomic condition is bad !8& but also by the current socioOeconomic condition !/& as well as the current socioOeconomic condition -B. ;one of the beauty contestants 5555 to wear bikini provided by the commiee. !A& refuses !6& are refusing !7& to refuse !8& refuse !/& they refuse %C. 3is out standing achievement includes the researches he has conducted and 55555. !A& he has aended many international seminars !6& the international seminars he has aended !7& his aendance in many international seminars !8& how many international seminars he has aended !/& many international seminars that he has aended %-. /verybody 55555 to show 55555 identication cards to enter the building. !A& have U they !6& have U their !7& has U them !8& has U their !/& has U theirs

%. 2The newly established nuclear plant may pose a danger to people living in the neighbourhood.4 2(ell, the government needs to inform people about 5555 potential risk.4 !A& it !8& its !6& our !/& them !7& their %<. The members are still arguing among 5555555. !A& they !8& them !6& herself !/& themselves !7& itself %=. 1y sister and I were coming back from school when someone followed 55555. !A& we !8& our !6& them !/& they !7& us %?. 1any people read the novel. 555555 are interested in 5555 story. !A& They U it !6& They U it’s !7& It U their !8& They U its !/& Them U its %. 5555 women shop in the mall every Sunday. !A& That’s !8& This !6& Those !/& These’s !7& That %. She works hard for 555555555. !A& me and hers !6& me and herself !7& myself and her !8& myself and herself !/& my and herself %B. These books are 55555. Those are 5555. !A& him U mine !6& his U mine !7& him U my !8& his U my !/& he U mine C. I know that you and +ina are best friends. I saw 5555 at the cinema yesterday. I bet 55555 are going to watch a movie. !A& you U they !6& them U they !7& you U you !8& you U your !/& you U them

%%. 2I have heard that the school where you teach is very good.4 2Fh, yes, many of 55555 have become popular leaders of the country.4 !A& graduates !6& her graduates !7& who graduates !8& its graduates !/& their graduates


2,



NOUN CLAUSE adalah anak kalimat yang berfungsi sebagai pengganti kata benda. ;oun clause ditandai dengan penggunaan that, whether, atau kata tanya !uestion word&.

&m&s*

ADVE!B CLAUSE adalah anak kalimat yang berfungsi sebagai keterangan. (dverb clause of reason: Adverb clause yang berfungsi untuk menyatakan alasan sehingga menggunakan kata penghubung yang berarti karena antara lainD 

. Word that + verb/au# whether

because as since for

$osisi ;oun 7lause di dalam kalimat adalahD ?oun Clause as Subject Sebagai sub"ect, noun clause terletak di awal kalimat atau sebelum verb atau au*iliary. 

because of ?oun Clause + verb/au# Contoh: (hat he said made us angry. (hether he did it or not is still a mystery. That she will recover is a good news.   



  



(dverb clause of $ur$ose D Adverb clause yang berfungsi menyatakan maksud atau tu"uan sehingga menggunakan kata penghubung yang berarti agar atau supaya, yaituD so that in order that + Clause so

Subject + to be + ?oun Clause

  



?oun Clause as bject Sebagai Fb"ect, ;oun 7lause terletak setelah kata ker"a. Tenses ;oun 7lause sebagai Fb"ect dipengaruhi oleh tenses main clause nya. )ika main clause dalam present, ;oun 7lause boleh dalam tenses present ataupun past. )ika main clause dalam past tenses, maka ;oun 7lause harus dalam past tenses.

in order to + in>nitive Contoh: 3e comes early so that he isn’t late. They practiced hard in order that they could win the game. I am here in order to meet you.  









Subject + *erb + ?oun Clause Present Pre/Past Past Past Contoh: 3e tells me where he went. They agreed that they would pay the debt. I asked them why she was punished.   


+ noun/vb.in%

Contoh: 3e is weak because he is ill. 3e is famous because of his generosity. They live on the street as they are homeless.

?oun Clause as Com$lement Sebagai complement, ;oun 7lause terletak setelah to be.

Contoh: This is what I want. 3e is whom I talked about. 1y marks are what my parents are worried about.

+ Clause 1subject + verb/au#5



(dverb clause of condition: Adverb clause yang berfungsi menyatakan keadaan atau syarat. Kata penghubung yang digunakan dalam adverb caluse ini beragam. Conjunction of condition antara lainD if' otherwise' unless' and' conseuently' + clause as a result' therefore' thus' moreover' furthermore

Contoh: If you are late, I’ll punish you. Gnless you say the truth, I’ll hate you. @ou must go far away from here, otherwise he’ll nd you.   

2-





(dv. clause of concession 1contrast5: Adverb clause yang menyatakan pertentangan. Kata penghubung yang digunakan ber"umlah cukup banyak dan mempunyai arti yang bermacamOmacam. Conjunction of concession antara lainD althou%h even thou%h + Clause thou%h des$ite + noun/vb.in% in s$ite of however' nevertheless' yet' still' but' whereas' + Clause

Contoh: Although he never likes her, he doesn’t show it. I know it’s hard but I’ll never stop trying. 3is clothes is not e*pensive yet it’s clean.   

(dverb clause of $lace and time adalah Adverb clause yang berfungsi untuk men"elaskan tentang tempat dan waktu. 





Contoh: a. The men are naughty. I don’t like them. The men whom I don’t like are naughty. b.1y sister whom he loves is at home now. c. The lile girl whom I met this morning goes to school on foot. 0.

8igunakan untuk menggantikan kepunyaan untuk manusia maupun bukan manusia, namun lebih sering digunakan untuk manusia. Contoh: a. 1y grandpa is in hospital. 3is health hasn’t been good lately. 1y grandpa whose health hasn’t been good lately is in hospital. b.The house looks so beautiful. Its garden is full of 'owers. The house whose garden is full of 'owers looks so beautiful

.

Conjunction of $lace antara lainD where' wherever

Contoh: a. I have a book. It tells about an adventurous "ourney. I have a book which tells about adventurous "ourney. b.This is a leer. I wrote it last night. This is a leer which I wrote last night.

Contoh: The boy was sleeping when his parents got home. I’ll follow you wherever you go. 6efore you told me, I had known it.   

ADECTIVE CLAUSE ;.

Contoh: The boy is smiling alone. 3e looks so happy. The boy who looks so happy is smiling alone. 3e loves the girl who plays the piano so well. The teacher who can teach very clearly is standing in front of the classroom.

&<(&

Contoh: a. 3e is the boy whom I saw this morning R 3e is the boy that I saw this morning. b.That is the car which can run so fast R That is the car that can run so fast.

W<

8igunakan untuk menggantikan sub"ect, "ika sub"ect nya adalah manusia.

an

8igunakan untuk menggantikan who, whom, dan which.

8alam kalimat, ad"ective clause menggunakan Jelative $ronoun, yaitu who, whom, which, whose, when, where, sebagai ciriOciri nya. 8.

W<)C<

8igunakan untuk menggantikan benda selain manusia, baik sebagai sub"ect atau pun sebagai ob"ect.

Conjunction of time antara lainD when' whenever' as' while' before' after

adalah Anak kalimat yang berfungsi menerangkan kata benda sebagai pengganti kata sifat.

W<S

D.

W<

8igunakan untuk menggantikan tempat. (here dapat digantikan oleh in which.



Contoh: a. This is the house where I spent my childhood. b.That is the park where I met her for the rst time.

 

9.

W<7

8igunakan untuk menggantikan ob"ect, "ika ob"ectnya adalah manusia.


E.

W<?

8igunakan untuk menggantikan waktu. (hen dapat digantikan oleh on which.

3

Contoh: %rd )anuary is the date when I was born. Sunday is the day when I gave birth to my baby.  


-.

%.

.

<.

=.

?.

5555555 1ichael 8ouglas a good actor is his ability to play the role of diMerent characters so well. !A& That makes !6& (hether making !7& (hat makes !8& This is made !/& In order to make She wanted to know 555555555. !A& from whom did he hear the news: !6& the news he heard from whom !7& who did he hear the news from !8& from whom he heard the news !/& he heard the news from whom I wonder 5555555 since he >uit his "ob. !A& what has he been doing !6& has he been doing !7& what he has been doing !8& he has been doing !/& he has been doing what. I know the reason 5555555. !A& that our teacher was angry !6& why our teacher was angry !7& our teacher was angry !8& whether our teacher was angry !/& while our teacher was angry 8on’t you know 5555555555: !A& why did they postpone their travel !6& what they postponed their travel !7& why they postponed their travel !8& when did they postpone their travel !/& did they postpone their travel 55555555 annoys her teacher very much. !A& (hy does she always come late !6& If she always come late !7& (hether does she always come late !8& She always come late !/& That she always come late

.

55555555 is not yet known. !A& 7an he be involved in the trade of narcotics !6& 3e is involved in the trade of narcotics !7& (hether he is involved in the trade of narcotics !8& (hen he is involved in the trade of narcotics !/& (hy is he involved in the trade of narcotics

.

I forgot to ask how 5555555. !A& his sick brother was !6& was his sick brother !7& is his sick brother !8& his sick brother be !/& are sick brother


B.

1ike hoped 555555 his leer. !A& would she answer !6& that she would answer !7& whether she would answer !8& why she answered !/& she was answering

-C. I don’t remember 5555555 last year. !A& what did I give for her birthday !6& for her birthday what did I give her !7& what I gave for her birthday !8& I gave her what for her birthday !/& what for her birthday I gave her --. 5555 is a beautiful island and rich in culture has been conrmed by tourists from around the world. !A& 6ali !6& (hether 6ali !7& If 6ali !8& That 6ali !/& 3ow 6ali -%. QThat woman over there looks confused.’ Q(hy don’t you ask her 55555:’ !A& does she need help !6& if she needed help !7& whether she needs help !8& do you need help !/& she needs help or not -. 5555 is a long holiday after passing your e*am. !A& @ou need !6& (hy you needed !7& It is needed !8& (hat you need !/& (hether you need -<. 8o you know why nowadays most Indonesia T+ stations 5555 mystery programs: !A& do broadcast !6& does broadcast !7& broadcast !8& broadcasts !/& broadcasting -=. 5555 is a big surprise to his colleagues. !A& Tanto has been promoted to replace the retired 9inancial 1anager !6& 8o you know Tanto has been promoted to replace the retired 9inancial 1anager !7& I hear Tanto has been promoted to replace the retired 9inancial 1anager !8& That Tanto has been promoted to replace the retired 9inancial 1anager !/& (hy was Tanto promoted to replace the retired 9inancial 1anager -?. 3e is the boy 5555555 we got the information about the scholarship. !A& whom !8& from that !6& from whom !/& who

31

!7& from which

-. These old dresses, 5555555555 belongs to my mother, are still good to wear. !A& most of them !6& some of whom !7& that’s !8& most of which !/& whose -. That patient 5555555 leg is broken will be operated on tonight. !A& who is !8& whose !6& that !/& whom !7& which -B. The book, 5555555 these chapters are taken is an autobiography. !A& which from !6& from whom !7& which !8& from which !/& to which %C. These books on this shelf, 5555555 are about child education, belong to my sisterOinOlaw. !A& which of most !6& in which !7& that of most !8& most of which !/& of which %-. 2To whom are you going to dedicate your book:4 2To those 5555555 patient and support have enabled me to write this book. !A& of which!8& whose !6& whom !/& who their !7& to whom

!A& whom !6& which !7& who

!8& that !/& whose

%?. (e sometimes miss the neighbourhood 5555555 we grew up. !A& in which!8& that is !6& in where!/& that !7& which %. The 6ank 55555 will be suspended. !A& which I work !6& that I work !7& whom I work !8& who works !/& where I work %. The cake 555555 was so delicious. !A& who made by her !6& which she made !7& why she have made !8& when she makes !/& that is making %B. That is the book 555555. !A& which I want !6& whom I wanted !7& who wants me !8& whose I am wanting !/& that want I C. This is 1r. 9lash 555555. !A& which I told you !6& whom I told you about !7& I told you !8& that I told you !/& about which I told you

%%. Thank you for showing me the support 555555 I really need to get through this time of trial. !A& which is !8& there !6& who !/& of which !7& that %. This is the latest news about the kidnapping of the richest businessman in town 555555 received a few minutes ago. !A& whom !8& whose !6& of which!/& which !7& where %<. $articipants of the state university entrance test, 5555555 are highOschool graduates from )ava, are competing for a limited number of seats. !A& which most of them !6& a greater number !7& most of whom !8& the ma"ority !/& a lot of them %=. 2(hat is pediatrician:4 2Fh, it’s a doctor 55555555 speciali0ation is treating children.4


32



CONUCTION

even thou%h + Clause thou%h

7on"unction adalah kata penghubung yang menghubungkan anak kalimat dengan induk kalimat.

des$ite

Ada beberapa macam con"unction, yaituD Conjunction of reason adalah kata penghubung yang berfungsi untuk menyatakan alasan sehingga arti kata penghubung tersebut adalah karena. 7on"unction of reason yaituD because as + Clause since 1subject + verb/au#5 for

+ noun/vb.in% in s$ite of



because of

however' nevertheless' yet' still' but' whereas' + Clause

7ontohD Although he never likes her, he doesn’t show it. I know it’s hard but I’ll never stop trying. 3is clothes is not e*pensive yet it’s clean.

+ noun/vb.in% 

7ontohD 3e is weak because he is ill. 3e is famous because of his generosity. They live on the street as they are homeless. 

Conjunction of $ur$ose adalah kata penghubung yang berfungsi menyatakan maksud atau tu"uan sehingga artinya adalah agar atau supaya. 7on"unction of purpose yaituD so that in order that + Clause so

Conjunction of $lace and time adalah kata penghubung yang berfungsi untuk men"elaskan tentang tempat dan waktu.

7on"unction of place antara lainD where' wherever 7on"unction of time antara lainD when' whenever' as' while' before' after 7ontohD The boy was sleeping when his parents got home. I’ll follow you wherever you go. 6efore you told me, I had known it.

in order to + in>nitive

7ontohD 3e comes early so that he isn’t late. They practiced hard in order that they could win the game. I am here in order to meet you. 

Conjunction of condition adalah kata penghubung yang berfungsi menyatakan keadaan atau syarat. Arti kata penghubung ini beragam tergantung pada penghubungnya. 7on"unction of condition antara lainD if' otherwise' unless' and' conseuently' as a result + Clause therefore' thus' moreover

7ontohD If you are late, I’ll punish you. Gnless you say the truth, I’ll hate you. @ou must go far away from here, otherwise he’ll nd you. Conjunction of concession 1contrast5 adalah kata penghubung yang menyatakan pertentangan. Kata penghubung ber"umlah cukup banyak dan mempunyai arti yang bermacamOmacam. 7on"unction of concession antara lainD althou%h


-.

55555555 he came late to aend the class, his teacher punished him. !A& 6ecause of !6& Although !7& In order to !8& Therefore !/& Since

%.

1y brother went to bed so late last night, 555555555 he got up late this morning. !A& conse>uently !6& however !7& as if !8& in order that !/& nevertheless

.

3e couldn’t answer all the >uestions 5555555 he had studied hard. !A& so that




33

<.

=.

?.

.

.

B.

!6& because !7& however !8& although !/& despite 55555555 the earth>uake, the villagers had to migrate. !A& because of !6& although !7& in order to !8& yet !/& nevertheless She looks so weak, 5555555 she can do all the hard works alone. !A& therefore !6& yet !7& so !8& in order that !/& because She didn’t prepare herself for the test, 55555555 she could answer all the >uestions easily. !A& because !6& thus !7& moreover !8& otherwise !/& unless 3e studies hard for the test 5555555 be able to pass it successfully. !A& in order that !6& therefore !7& however !8& in order to !/& since I seldom review my lessons at home, 55555555 I can’t do well in my nal e*am. !A& because !6& so that !7& conse>uently !8& although !/& on the other hand 55555555 the rain, I couldn’t go out with my friends. !A& 6ecause !6& Although !7& In order to !8& 6ecause of !/& If only

-C. 2(hat did your father say when you told him you had lost all your money:4 23e was so angry 55555 he couldn’t say anything.4 !A& therefore !6& after !7& that !8& so !/& when --. 2(as there any violence during last week’s demonstration:4 2;o, 5555555 there were thousands of demonstrators.4 !A& since


!6& !7& !8& !/&

even though because as in spite

-%. 21om, why do you insist on my wearing a "acket:4 2555555 I’m sure it’s going to be very cold.4 !A& Gntil !6& Since !7& Although !8& So that !/& /ven though -. 23ow was the e*am:4 2It was not easy 55555 I am sure I can pass.4 !A& and !6& but !7& therefore !8& conse>uently !/& so -<. 555555 three people have died of cholera, the old people of the village refused to get an in"ection against it. !A& Although !6& 6ecause !7& In spite of !8& Since !/& As -=. 555555 most people know that the success of a television show is measured by its rating’s, few know e*actly how shows are rated. !A& Although !6& 3owever !7& Since !8& ;evertheless !/& 6ecause -?. All the members of the parliament applauded 55555 the president was walking to his seat. !A& even though !6& although !7& as !8& otherwise !/& while -. 555555 Andy seldom aends classes, he is always one of the best students in class. !A& As !6& Since !7& 6ecause !8& Although !/& If -. 3e said that he had spent all his money on books, 555555, he could have taken his girlfriend to a good restaurant. !A& moreover !6& otherwise !7& therefore !8& besides !/& yet -B. 55555 the great inconvenience of traveling, many T+ reporters went to the 'ooded area for their reports.

34

!A& !6& !7& !8& !/&

8espite ;evertheless Although (here as 3owever

!A& !6& !7& !8& !/&

otherwise moreover besides however therefore

%C. The e*pensive treatment had been well researched, however, 555555. !A& it cured the patient eMectively !6& it could comfort the patient !7& it was not very eMective !8& it made the patient feel well !/& it did not cause discomfort

%. @ou’ll have to call me early in the morningH 55555 I will have left for work. !A& however !6& otherwise !7& furthermore !8& conse>uently !/& moreover

%-. )ohn is a very la0y studentH besides 5555555. !A& he is good in e*traOcurricular activities !6& he always does his homework !7& he prefers studying until late at night !8& he never pays aention in class !/& he sometimes practises /nglish

%B. The tourist bus came to our school thirty minutes late 5555 we had repeatedly told the driver to be on time. !A& even though !6& so that !7& because !8& provided that !/& in order that

%%. 28id he say anything to the police:4 2(ell, 55555 he admied breaking into the car, he denied stealing the tape.4 !A& even though !6& because !7& meanwhile !8& when !/& as soon as

C. 1y brother wants to go hiking in the mountainH 55555 my sister prefers to go to the beach. !A& moreover !6& conse>uently !7& on the other hand !8& otherwise !/& in spite of

%. 555555 the great inconvenience of traveling, many T+ reporters went to the 'ooded area for their report. !A& 8espite !6& In addition to !7& Although !8& In case of !/& 6ecause of %<. She could not nish her study in four years, 55555 she would have been entitled to a scholarship for further study. !A& however !6& conse>uently !7& otherwise !8& moreover !/& nevertheless %=. The it. !A& !6& !7& !8& !/&

price of gold rises sharply, people keep buying 3owever /ven though ;evertheless In spite of Fn the other hand

%?. 8anny has to take a partOtime "ob during the vacationH 5555 he will not be able to pay his tuition fee. !A& nevertheless !6& otherwise !7& moreover !8& therefore !/& besides %. There was nothing for dinnerH 55555, we had to go to a grocery store.


3



Te#t I Several theories have been proposed about why the dinosaurs disappeared from the face of the earth. In recent years one popular theory proposed that climatic changes caused the dinosaurs to become e*tinct. This climatic change theory says that million of years ago the climate of the world gradually became colder. As the earth slowly became colder, fewer plants were able to grow. The cold weather nally resulted in a severe shortage of food for dinosaurs. As you probably know, most of dinosaurs were vegetarians, and they depended on plants for their food supply. In summary, then, the disappearance of the dinosaurs was caused directly by a shortage of plants to eat, and indirectly by a change in climate. Today there is new evidence for the theory that the dinosaurs did not disappear gradually, but they disappeared >uickly and suddenly. The theory is known as asteroid theory. It states that a huge asteroid, or perhaps a comet hit the earth about ?= million years ago. (hen this comet or asteroid hit the earth, it caused a huge dust cloud. The huge dust cloud covered the whole earth and blocked out the sun for months. Since there is no sun for many, many months, most of the plants on earth died. The dinosaur’s food supply was destroyed in a period of months. (hile this asteroid theory is not new, what is new is the evidence for the theory. Gntil recently there was no evidence that an asteroid or a comet had hit the earth ?= million years ago. (hat happened recently was that scientists found large amount of a rare earth element called iridium all over the world. This iridium was found in layers of the earth that are ?= million years old. The iridium was found in the same layers where the bones of the last dinosaurs were found. The comet or asteroid theory e*plains two thingsD !-& It e*plains the larger amounts of rare element iridium found in the ?=OmillionOyearOold layers of earth, and !%& it e*plains why the dinosaurs disappeared from the earth. Today scientists continue to debate two theoriesD the climatic change theory and the asteroid theory. In the future, evidence may be found that supports a totally new theory of why the terrible li0ards died.

-.

The main information of the te*t is about 555555555. !A& the climatic change theory !6& the era of dinosaurs ?= million years ago !7& the asteroid theory !8& diMerent theories on the e*tinction of dinosaurs !/& the iridium element theory


%.

(hich of the following statements is TJG/ about the climatic theory: !A& Scientists believe that the climatic change happened ?= million years ago. !6& The change in climate critically reduced the food supply for the dinosaurs. !7& At the time of the dinosaurs all animals were vegetarians. !8& The disappearance of dinosaurs aMected the climatic change. !/& The cold weather made animals living at the time unable to survive.

.

(hich of the following statements is TJG/ about the iridium element: !A& It is believed that it originated in space. !6& It is an element found in the bones of dinosaurs. !7& It came after the comet hit the earth. !8& It e*isted only ?= million years ago. !/& It is an element commonly found on earth.

<.

The asteroid theory states that 5555555. !A& the dust cloud originating from the fallen comet killed all organisms on earth !6& the eMect of an asteroid hiing the earth developed gradually !7& the spread of the dust cloud on earth darkened the earth for years !8& the dinosaurs were killed by the asteroid hiing the earth ?= million years ago !/& most vegetation died because of the dust cloud severing the whole earth

=.

9rom the te*t we may conclude that 55555555. !A& modern scientists believe in the asteroid theory !6& the new evidence for a new theory has recently found !7& there is no agreement among scientists about the two theories !8& scientists have accepted the truth of both theories !/& both theories have been combined to become scientically acceptable

3!

Te#t II Although they are an ine*pensive supplier of vitamin, mineral, and highO>uality protein, eggs also contain a lile more than twoOthirds of the suggested daily cholesterol limit. This knowledge has caused egg sales to drop abruptly in recent years, which in turn has brought about the development of several alternatives to eating regular eggs. Fne alternative is to eat substitute eggs. These eggs substitutes are not really eggs, but they look somewhat like eggs when they are cooked. They have the advantage of having lower cholesterol rates, and they can be scrambled or used in baking. Fne disadvantage, however, is that they are not good for frying, poaching, or boiling. A second alternative to regular eggs is a new type of eggs, sometimes called Qdesigner’ eggs. These eggs are produced by hens that are fed lowOfat diets consisting of ingredients such as canola oil, 'a*, and rice bran. In spite of their diets, however, these hens produce eggs that contain the same amount of cholesterol as regular eggs. @et, the producers of these eggs claim that eating their eggs will not raise the blood cholesterol in humans. /gg producers claim that their product has been portrayed unfairly. They cite scientic studies to back up their claim. And, in fact, studies on the relationship between eggs and human cholesterol levels have brought mi*ed results. It may be that it is not the type of eggs that is the main determinant of cholesterol, but the person who is eating the eggs. Some people may be more sensitive to cholesterol derived from food than other people. In fact, there is evidence that certain dietary fats stimulate the body’s production of blood cholesterol. 7onse>uently, while it still makes sense to limit one’s intake of eggs, even Qdesigner’ eggs, it seems that doing this without regulating dietary fat will probably not help reduce the blood cholesterol level. ?.

/ggs provide a lot of substances which are good for people’s healthH however, they 555555555. !A& supply vitamins !6& contain minerals !7& are ine*pensive !8& provide the needed protein !/& contain a high level of cholesterol

.

The te*t concludes that in terms of eating eggs, human cholesterol levels are determined by 5555555. !A& the type of eggs consumed !6& the ingredients of the eggs !7& one’s sensitivity to cholesterol !8& regulating dietary fats !/& daily consumption of eggs

.

Q8esigner’ eggs diMer from regular eggs because of 55555555. !A& the changed diet for hens !6& the low rate of cholesterol content !7& the vitamins added to them !8& the diMerent protein they supply !/& the disadvantage they give to consumers


B.

(hy have the sales of regular eggs declined: !A& There are low of eggs substitutes in the market. !6& 7onsuming eggs may not be good for one’s heart. !7& /ggs substitutes are much more ine*pensive. !8& Jegular eggs contain less protein than eggs substitutes. !/& It has been found that eggs contain too much fat.

-C. (hat is the main purpose of the te*t: !A& To convince people to eat Qdesigner’ eggs and eggs substitutes. !6& To persuade people that it is unhealthy to eat eggs. !7& To introduce the idea that dietary fat increases the blood cholesterol level. !8& To inform people about the relationship between eggs and cholesterol. !/& To show the diMerence in producing various kinds of eggs.

Te#t III 9ertili0er is any substance that can be added to the soil to provide chemical element essential for plant nutrition. ;atural substances such as animal droppings and straw have been used as fertili0ers for thousand of years, and lime has been used since the Jomans introduced it during the /mpire. It was not until the nineteenth century, in fact, that chemical fertili0ers become popular. Today, both natural and synthetic fertili0ers are available in a variety of forms. A complete fertili0er is usually marked with a formula consisting of three numbers, such as uid form. Solids, in the shape of chemical granules are popular because they are easy to store and apply. Jecently, li>uids have shown an increase in popularity, accounting for about %C percent of the nitrogen fertili0er used throughout the world. 9ormerly powders were also used, but these were found to be less convenient than either solids or li>uids. 9ertili0ers have no harmful eMects on the soil, or the consumer as long they are used according to recommendations based on the results of local research. Fccasionally, however, farmers may use more fertili0er than necessary, damaging not only the crop but also the animals or humans that eat it. Accumulations of fertili0er in the water supply accelerate the growth of algae and, conse>uently, may disturb the natural cycle of life, contributing to the death of sh. Too much fertili0er on grass can cause digestive disorders in cale and infants who drink cow’s milk. --. The topic of the te*t is 55555555. !A& natural and synthetic fertili0ers !6& the formula of complete fertili0ers

3"

!7& eMects of fertili0ers on the soil !8& the solid and li>uid forms of synthetic fertili0ers !/& the damage caused by using e*cessive fertili0ers

-%. The function of any fertili0er is 555555555. !A& to produce natural substance for plants !6& to make chemical granules easy to store and apply !7& to prevent the crop from being damaged !8& to replace animal droppings and lime !/& to provide rich nutrients to plants -. In the formula ual to that of potash and phosphoric acid !/& phosphoric acid is half of that of nitrogen -<. According to the te*t, which of the following statements is TJG/ about fertili0ers: !A& Today, farmers do not use animal dung to fertili0e their plants. !6& Throughout the world li>uid fertili0ers are more popular than solids. !7& Gsing fertili0er in farming is a modern phenomenon. !8& 9armers were introduced to synthetic fertili0er in the -CC’s. !/& $owders are used as an alternative of solids and li>uids. -=. (hich of the following is not the result of using e*cessive fertili0ers: !A& (ater creatures may die. !6& The soil can yield the e*pected crop. !7& 3umans and animals may be into*icated. !8& The growth of algae in water may increase. !/& 7ow’s milk may harm consumers.

-. The most important nding on the study of communication is 55555555. !A& the way people communicate !6& that people do a lot of communicating !7& the ePciency in learning !8& that people do not listen ePciently !/& the percentage of time in communicating

Te#t V The immune system serves basic functionsH to recogni0e foreign cells and aack them, to develop antibodies to recogni0e foreign invaders in the future, and to send white blood cells to the location of an in"ury to speed healing. 7hronic stress can suppress the functioning of the immune system, so that "ust by being stressed for a long period of time, we can actually weaken our immune system and fall victim to an illness that we would normally ght with ease. -. The topic of the paragraph is 55555555. !A& the conse>uence of chronic stress !6& the functions of the immune system !7& the basic immune system !8& the weakening of the immune system !/& the development of antibodies -B. (hich of the following is ;FT TJG/ about the immune system: !A& The immune system functions best when a person is under continuous pressure. !6& After identifying foreign invaders in the body, the immune system aacks them. !7& There are three main functions of the immune system. !8& (hen the immune system is weak, a person can become ill easily. !/& The main function of the immune system is to help the body.

Te#t IV @ou learn in school through your ears as well as through your eyes. /*perts who have studied human communication thoroughly have come up with some revealing facts. They show that the average individual spend appro*imately C percent of his or her time communicating. Fnly about B percent of this time is devoted to writing, -? percent to reading, C percent to talking, and <= percent to listening. 3owever, in spite of the large amount of time spent in listening, the average person does not do it well. /stimates of listening ePciency show that the average skill is only about %= percent of what it should be. -?. The following statements are TJG/ according to the te*t, /V7/$T 5555555. !A& people spend most of their time communicating !6& most people have ePcient listening skills !7& people spend less time speaking than listening !8& we learn things through listening and speaking !/& average listening ePciency is low


3,



Te#t I The use of computers is probably the most interesting innovation in modern automobiles. In the -BCs, minicomputers were rst introduced to monitor the 555!-&555 of fuel automobiles used. Today, computers do far more than that. 1any new cars have computers which monitor the engine and 555!%&555 make any changes that are necessary. Fther computers actually 2Speak4 to the driver, warning of 555!&555 and safety problem with messages such as, 2@our engine oil pressure is low. $rompt service is re>uired.4 (hen the driver corrects the problem, the computer may even say 2thank you.4 8rivers do not need to know /nglish 555!<&555 the computer can be programmed to speak several 555!=&555 languages. -

%.

.

<.

!A& number !6& si0e !7& amount

!8& content !/& total

!A& especially!8& eventually !6& automatically !/& actively !7& manually !A& mechani0e !6& mechanic !7& mechanism

!8& mechani0e !/& mechanical

!A& since !6& in order that !7& although

!8& as if !/& so that

. !A& diMer !6& diMerent !7& diMerence

!8& diMerential !/& diMerentiation

Te#t II 9or several decades, the term Qpsychosomatic’ has been in general use. It means mindObody relationship. 6ut the 1D5 denition was the mind aMects the body has not been 1E5 dened. As the result of recent research, however, it is possible to say that the specic changes take place throughout the body as the result of human aitudes. This mindObody eMect should not be 15 in view of the e*perience over the years with placebos. The term 2placebo4 is used 1G5 2a pill4 that contains no medical ingredients but that often produces the same eMect as genuine medication. $lacebos provide ample 18H5 that e*pectations can have an eMect on body chemistry. According to a recent article on placebos, studies conducted over the past %= years have shown that placebos 1885 relieved symptoms which include fever, anginal pain, headache, and an*iety in an average of = percent of patients tested. The e*planation for this


strange phenomenon is that human mind 1895 actual changes in body chemistry as a result of what it believes. If, 1805 , a person believes that a certain medication contains a substance that can accomplish a specic need, the body tends to move in that direction. ?.

!A& precise !6& short !7& smart

!8& natural !/& direct

.

!A& clear !6& clarity !7& clarication

!8& clearly !/& clarifying

.

!A& shocking !6& terrifying !7& surprising

!8& interesting !/& challenging

B.

!A& describe !6& to describe !7& describing

!8& it describes !/& they describe

-C. !A& proofs !6& studies !7& pills

!8& categories !/& classes

--. !A& satisfy !6& satisfaction !7& satisfying

!8& satisfactorily !/& satised

-%. !A& has to create !6& can create !7& ought to create

!8& may have to create !/& must be creating

-. !A& such as !6& in addition !7& for e*ample

!8& in conclusion !/& therefore

&e#t )))

1ost people who have a sweet tooth consume the e>uivalent of %C teaspoons of sugar a day. 9or the 185 person, there’s nothing wrong with sugar by itself, unless all the sweet foods in your daily diet are keeping you from eating and drinking the 18;5 foods you need. 18D5 for people who are trying to lose weight, or have to watch their blood sugar because of diabetes, too much sugar can be a problem. !8& special 14. !A& sensitive !6& unhealthy !/& common !7& average

1. !A& nutrient !6& nutrition !7& nutritionist

!8& nutritious !/& nutritiously

3-

291419011-Modul-English-Intensif-2012.doc

Recommend Documents