Indo Aryan Style of Temple Architecture DE VA K I A MMA 'S GURUVA DEV GURUVAYURAPP YURAPPA A N CO C O LLE LLEGE GE OF ARCHITEC A RCHITECUTRE UTRE Batch……………………….S1S2(2012-2017) Subject…………………….History of Architecture / Module 4 Staff St aff in charg arge e …… …………..A r. Rin Rinn ny Pr Prem em
Contents 1. 2. 3. 4.
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Introduction Classification Illustrations Features : 1 . P l an 2. Deuls 3. Garbha Griha 4. RekhaDeul 5. Shikhara 6. Jagmohan 7. Parts of temple 8. Natmandir,Bhogmandir 9. Characteristics.
Indo Aryan Style / Slide Contents
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Architecture of Indian temples The Architecture of Indian temples in general are divided into three categories based on their geographical location and peculiar features: .
Aryan style of Architecture (600 AD to present) 2. Central Hindu Style – Deccan or Vesara Style (450 to 750 AD, 1000 AD to present day ) 3. South Hindu Style – Dravidian Style (625 AD to present) Indo Aryan Style / Introduction
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Indo Aryan Style
Vesara Style
Dravidian Style
Indo Aryan Style / Introduction
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Classifications of Indo Aryan Style 1. Orissan style 2. Khajuraho Group 3. Rajputana And Central India 4. Gujarat and West 5. Deccan 6. Gwalior and Brindaban 7. Temples Cities of Jains Indo Aryan Style / Classification
Examples…
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Lingaraja Temple,Bhuvabeshwar
Orissan Style
Kandariya Mahadeva Temple, Khajuraho
Khajuraho Style Indo Aryan Style / Examples
Rajputana Style
Gujarat
: Sun Temple, Modhera
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Jain : Dilwara Jain Temple, Mt. Abu, Rajasthan Indo Aryan Style / Examples
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Indo Aryan Style : Introduction • The movement began in Orissa. • The style reached its peak of excellence in the 10th and 11th centuries. • Stretches from roughly 650 A.D. to 1200 A.D..
Indo Aryan Style / Introduction
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Indo Aryan Style : Features The Plan In general, all these temples follow a common structural plan. The typical plan of the temple is square, the most basic, rational and elementary of all geometric forms, used by hindus. Developed into a Latin cross plan later on with the addition of auxillary structures.
Entry
Bhog mandir
Nat mandir
Jagmohan
Garbha griha
Indo Aryan Style / Features / Plan
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A typical temple consists of two main apartments or Deuls :
(1)
The Garbha Griha or
Rekha Deul
Deul
Indo Aryan Style / Features / Deuls
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REKHA DUEL PIDA DUEL
Indo Aryan Style / Deuls
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The Garbha griha
• The Garbha Griha is the cubical inner apartment. • The diety is placed in the garbha griha of Rekha Deul. • Over this rises the spire or Sikhara (Urusringa) or Vimana or Tower.
Indo Aryan Style / Features / GarbhaGriha
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The Rekha Deul •The main temple is called as Rekha deul because of its emphasis on vertical lines.
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•The hindus regarded the temple as th body of cosmic Man (Purusha). •So the lower upright part of the main deul is known as ‘bada’ (feet) and the upper tapering part is known as ‘chappra’ (trunk).
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•Over the chappra, is a large melon shaped feature called ‘amala’(cap stone) crowned with kalasa (head) – called ‘Amrit Kalasa’, symbolising the jar of nectar.
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Indo Aryan Style / Features / Rekha Deul
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The Shikhara • • • • • •
•
Also called Vimana or tower. The entire tower which is curvilinear in shape is called the Shikhara. The highest point of the Shikhara is placed directly over the diety. ee ve s ape . Decorative horizontal and vertical lines. Smaller reproduction of shikharas, (Urushringas) giving a fountain like appearance. Looks like a series of hills.
Indo Aryan Style / Features / Shikhara
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Jagmohan • The temple is approached by an assembly hall, known as jag mohan (one which pleases the world). • The jag mohan is also called Pida Deul since it . • Is usually square-shaped and has a pyramidal roof.
Indo Aryan Style / Features / Jagmohan
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Similar to the rekha Duel, the Jag mohan has the lower upright part – the bada and upper tapering part ‘pida’ in the form of a terraced pyramid which is crowned with ‘Ghanta Kalasa. With this, the temple is now the abode of god as manifested in human shape.
Indo Aryan Style / Features / Jagmohan
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Indo Aryan Style / Features / Parts of Temple
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Natmandir, Bhog Mandir • Apart from the main deuls, due to religious rites, other buildings were added in front, in one axial line, such as ‘Bhog Mandir’,ie offering hall in the front, and followed by ‘Nat Mandir’ or Dancing Hall. •
, , superimposed on top of the original plan.
Indo Aryan Style / Features / Natmandir, Bhogmandir
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Characters •
Trabeated style of construction
• •
The main temple rests on high platform. Square Plan
• • • • •
Adisthana – High plinth with number of steps leading to the temple Ardhaamandapa – entrance Mandap – or Jagmohan with pyramidal roof Antrala – joins mandapa to sanctum Garbha griha – houses the diety
•
Parabolic profile Amalaka cushion like element
• • • • •
Decorative horizontal and vertical lines Pillars are notable for their absence. The interior is plain ,featureless, but exterior walls are profusely ornamented. No true arch, only corbelling.
Indo Aryan Style / Characters
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Characters •
Trabeated style of construction
• • • • •
The main temple rests on high platform. Adisthana – High plinth with number of steps leading to the temple Ardhaamandapa – entrance Mandap – or Jagmohan with pyramidal roof Antrala – joins mandapa to sanctum – Parabolic profile Amalaka cushion like element Decorative horizontal and vertical lines Pillars are notable for their absence. The interior is plain ,featureless, but exterior walls are profusely ornamented. No true arch, only corbelling.
• • • • • • •
Indo Aryan Style / Characters
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Characters •
Trabeated style of construction
• • • • •
The main temple rests on high platform. Adisthana – High plinth with number of steps leading to the temple Ardhaamandapa – entrance Mandap – or Jagmohan with pyramidal roof Antrala – joins mandapa to sanctum
• • • • •
– Parabolic profile Amalaka cushion like element Decorative horizontal and vertical lines Pillars are notable for their absence.
• •
The interior is plain ,featureless, but exterior walls are profusely ornamented. No true arch, only corbelling.
Indo Aryan Style / Characters
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Bibliography
• • •
The great ages of World Architecture – G.K. Hiraskar Buddhist and hindu Architecture in India – Satish Grover nternet: www.culturopedia.com en.wikipedia.org www.travelblog.org
Indo Aryan Style / Bibliography
