RTR TRANSMISSION TECHNIQUE
We are listing some of the very common toics !ase" on "ifferent sit#ations in RTR Transmission$ It%s nearly imossi!le to cover all the sit#ations !#t "isc#ssing some of the common toics$ In case& if '#estion comes o#t of the toics "isc#sse" !elo($ It is recommen"e" for a can"i"ate to atten" the '#estion in e)amination !y #sing stan"ar" hrases an" stan"ar" transmission t ransmission techni'#e$ techni'#e$ There are also fe( small sit#ations (hich are "isc#sse" in !et(een of the toics liste" !elo($ *isclaimer+ The toic covere" !elo( is for RTR Transmission e)ams an" *isclaimer+ The most of the sit#ations are very "ifferent from the Real life transmission on,!oar" an aircraft$ These notes are -#st to set a format in yo#r min" an" for stan"ar" ractice for RTR transmission e)aminations$ In any case A#thor is not Resonsi!le for any s#ch "etails given in this !log if '#ote" (ith any a#thority$ An" also it (ill not serve as a legal "oc#ment$ Non of the charts& mas an" other "ra(ings given in this !log is for ractical #rose$All "ra(ings& charts& mas are given as a samle for #n"erstan"ing$ Ho(ever& these notes are reare" after the self,st#"y "one !y a#thor from "ifferent government an" non,government "oc#ments& !oo.s an" other rea"ing materials$ In any case rea"ers are recommen"e" to rea" content at there o(n ris.$ Situations of RTR Transmission /$ 0osition Reort 1$ R2SM a$ Aircraft #na!le #na!le R2SM& R2SM& in contact (ith ATC$ !$ Aircraft flying on on "eviate" trac.& no contact contact (ith ATC ATC c$ Aircraft #na!le #na!le R2SM& re,esta!lish re,esta!lishe" e" contact (ith (ith ATC$ ATC$ "$ Non,R2SM arove" aircraft& for R2SM 3evel$ 4$ Ra"io comm#nication fail#re 5$ 6oining or crossing ATS Ro#tes 7$ AIR0RO8 9 on "ifferent sit#ations :$ Traffic on recirocal trac.s& crossing each other 9 clim! or "escen"; lateral searation; longit#"inal searation$ <$ a$ Weather "eviation =In contact (ith ATC> !$ Weather "eviation =no contact (ith ATC> ?$ Win" shear reort @$ 2ehicle on Ta)i(ay Ta)i(ay /$ Re'#est to change ATS Ro#te =Altering Ro#te> //$ //$ Urgency /1$ *istress a$ Ca!in "ecomression !$ Engine on fire c$ Aircraft entere" in rohi!ite" area$ /4$ 2is#al Aroach /5$ Stan"ar" Instr#ment *eart#res =SI*Bs charts> /7$ Stan"ar" Terminal Arrival Ro#te =STARBs charts> /:$ Hol"ings Over i) or ($r$t$ i)$
1. Position Report Example-
figure 1.1
- by ICA
Transmissio Transmi ssion n Form Format at Station called kings-way control Station calling (wit station fre!." #ir $ndia 1%1 on 11&.1 Spoken word P'S$T$' Reporting point time #R 11)) (*i+e fix name and ten present time o+er tat fix" Fligt le+el F,%%) EST. ext Reporting Point EST. lue ale 111/ Reporting Point Ensuing P0 ext
Example-
1. Position Report Example-
figure 1.1
- by ICA
Transmissio Transmi ssion n Form Format at Station called kings-way control Station calling (wit station fre!." #ir $ndia 1%1 on 11&.1 Spoken word P'S$T$' Reporting point time #R 11)) (*i+e fix name and ten present time o+er tat fix" Fligt le+el F,%%) EST. ext Reporting Point EST. lue ale 111/ Reporting Point Ensuing P0 ext
Example-
figure 1.2
- by ICA
Transmissionkings way control on 11&.1 #ir $ndia 1%1 P'S$T$' #R 11)) F, %%) Est. lue ale 11 111/ 1/ ext
2istance 3y
sould using
3e
reported wit respect to 4'R #2 20E word 5 T'5 and 5 FR'05
Example-
figure 1.3
6se word 5 #E#05 to its R$*8T or ,EFT side.
- by ICA
wen
aircraft
as
a+-#id
at
)7)
degrees
$f aircraft is o+eread of any F$9 (4'R: 2R etc...". 6se only 5 ame of F$95 and gi+e 5 PRESET T$0E5 o+er tat fix: it;s 3etter not to use word 5 '4ER8E#25 in suc case. ExampleTransmission - #$-1%1 P'S$T$' 2P 11)) F,%<)
<. R4S0 (Reduced 4ertical Separation 0inimums" R4S0 #irspace is from F,<7) to F,=1) Re!uirements to Fly R4S0 > #irspace sould 3e appro+ed as R4S0 airspace > #ircraft sould 3e certified to Fly R4S0 > pilot sould 3e appro+ed to F,? R4S0
Following E!uipment sould 3e fully ser+icea3le> Two Primary #ltimeter Settings > #utomatic #ltitude @eeping 2e+ice > #ltitude #lerting 2e+ice > Transponder wit 0'2E- A
Separation in R4S0 > #ircraft in same direction: separation is of <))) feet > #ircraft in opposite direction: separation is of 1))) feet
Situation (a" #ircraft 3ecomes on-compliant to R4S0: due any of te mandatory e!uipment failure. $n contact wit #TA
ExampleTransmission B cennai control 4T-R*T: 6na3le R4S0 due e!uipment. P'S$T$': C) 20E 2istance from 004 PC<& F,%1) Re!uired F,
Transmission Pilot - cennai control 4T-R*T una3le R4S0 due e!uipment. P'S$T$': C) 20E 2istance from 004 PC<& F,%1) REG6EST F,
Situation (3." #ircraft 6na3le to continue R4S0: ,ost Aontact wit #TA. $f aircraft una3le to continue R4S0 and ,ost contact wit #TA. First make rigt or left turn 3y 7) degrees and continue flying till 1/ nm. 'nce you are at 1/ nm make a turn parallel to te assign #TS Route and clim3 or descend 3y /)) feet. S$TA8 ' all exterior ligts. 5 transmission for tis situation is gi+en 3elow tis figure5
Transmission Format 1. Pan-pan pan-pan pan-pan <. #ll aircraft #ll aircraft %. $n te +icinity of (20E 2$ST#AE: #0E 'F F$9 #2 R'6TE" =. #ircraft identification /. Type of aircraft C. 6na3le R4S0 due (EG6$P0ET: SE4ERE T6R6,EAE etc." D. Position of aircraft (20E 2$ST#AE: F$9 #2 R'6TE" &. Fligt le+el 7. at action you are taking (T6R$* R$*8TH,EFT ? 7) 2E*REES - F'R 1/ 0 - $,, F,? F,I/)) 'R F,-/)) FEET ' 2E4$#TE2 TR#A@" 1). #ll exterior ligts switced ' 11. @eep a look out
figure 1.6
- by ICA
ExampleTransmissionPilot- pan-pan pan-pan pan-pan #ll aircraft #ll aircraft $n te +icinity of PC<& 4T-R*T #$R6S: 6na3le R4S0 due EG6$P0ET /) 20E 2istance from 004 PC<& F,%1) Turning Rigt 3y 7) degrees for 1/ nm: will fly F,%1/ on 2e+iated Track. #ll Exterior ,igts Switced ' @eep a ,ook 'ut $ T8E #'4E TR#S0$SS$' 4T-R*T is an aircraft registration no. PC<& is 8ypotetical #$R#? 004 is a fix (ypotetically"
2o not forget to transmit- type of #ircraft
8ow to transmit wile canging a Fligt ,e+els on Aruise J Transmit- 1. wile lea+ing a ,e+el <. passing a ,e+el %. Reacing a ,e+el
Situation (c." #ircraft on 2e+iated track: an #TA contact Re-esta3lised.
figure 1.7
- by ICA
Transmissiion Pilot- Aennai control 4T-R*T wen /) 20E distance from 004 PC<&. ,ost contact wit you: were una3le R4S0 due e!uipment. Present position 1/ nm de+iated track crossing radial 1=): &) 20E from 004 F,%1/ Re!uest to Resume ormal a+igation (R" #2 F,
Situation (d." on R4S0 appro+ed aircraft for R4S0 le+el TransmissionPilot- 0um3ai control 4T-RKP: F,
Pilot- ,ea+ing F,
Situation (e." #ircraft 3ecomes non-compliant to R4S0: due se+ere tur3ulence. Fails to get #TA clearance.
figure 1.8
- by ICA
TransmissionPilot- pan-pan pan-pan pan-pan all aircraft all aircraft $n te +icinity of PC<& 4T-R*T #ir3us PC<& F,%1) Turning rigt 3y 7) degrees for 1/ nm due weaterH tunderstorm will fly F,%1/ on de+iated track all exterior ligts switced ' keep a look-out
%. Radio Aommunication Failure(RAF" $n case of Radio communication failure1. Try to contact on alternate fre!uency <. $f a3o+e fails: try to contact appropriate ground station
%. $f te a3o+e fails: try to contact wit aircraft flying in +icinity on appropriate fre!uency. =. $f te a3o+e fails: transmit you message on te fre!uency at wic you transmitted earlier at te first place. 0#@E T8$S TR#S0$SS$' #S- 5,$2 TR#S0$SS$'5 #2 REPE#T $T T$AE. Te concept is gi+en 3elow-
Figure 1.9
-by ICA
$n tis gi+en situation: an #ir3us wit Registration no. 4T-,0A initially cleared for F,1C) for te separation from oter traffic: later it is suppose to clim3 for En-route on F,<<) (two two Lero" 3ut una3le to contact te Facility due to Radio communication failure. #s per RAF procedure: pilot estimates te first reporting point i.e. 3etween 2P and $@## at F,1C). lets us say: Pilot estimates-
$@## M 1<1). ow as per RAF procedure: aircraft will lea+e F,1C) for its en-route clim3 exactly after <) (two Lero" minutes from te first estimate ($@##". $t will lea+e F,1C) for F,<<) M 1<%) B1<1) I ))<) minutes. @eep tis in mind tat tis is a roadcast. Transmission for te a3o+e gi+en situation TransmissionPilot- 2eli #pproac 4T-,0A on 11&.1 #ir3us Transmitting lind F,1C): Est $@## 1<1) KKP 1<
will transmit again at 1<1) 5 $ S#? #*#$ 5 2eli #pproac 4T-,0A on 11&.1 #ir3us Transmitting lind F,1C): Est $@## 1<1) KKP 1<
Pilot- 2eli #pproac 4T-,0A on 11&.1 transmitting 3lind Position KKP 1<
Pilot- 2eli #pproac 4T-,0A on 11&.1 transmitting 3lind lea+ing F,1C) for F,<<) will transmit again reacing F,<<) 5 $ S#? #*#$5 2eli #pproac 4T-,0A on 11&.1 transmitting 3lind lea+ing F,1C) for F,<<) will transmit again reacing F,<<) 4. Koining or crossing #TS Routes
Transmission Format 1. Station called <. Station calling %. Type of aircraft =. eater conditions ($0A or 40A" /. Position: le+el C. Est. of Noining point D. ,e+el of Noining point
&. Route 7. ,anding aerodrome after Noining 1). T.#.S. 11. Re!uest Noining clearance or Arossing clearance
ExampleSituation- #ircraft $dentity 4T-RKP Route Kodpur to 2eli F,<1)
Type of aircraft #TR Refer cart no. 1. (download carts from link gi+en a3o+e"
TransmissionPilot- 2E,8$ A'TR', 4T-RKP #TR $0A P'S$T$' R)&/ C)20E 2$ST#AE FR'0 KK' F,<1) EST. 6@# 1<1/ F,<1) 1% ,#2$* 2E,8$ T#S %1) @'TS REG6EST K'$$* A,E#R#AE
Situation- #ircraft $dentity 4T-RKP Type of aircraft oeing Route 4#P - 4#62 +ia Pratapgar F,<<) Refer cart no. 1. 1. #t C) nm from 4#P: agpur canges you to ext #TA unit. o3tain crossing clearance. Transmission- #SS60E PRESET T$0E )==) Pilot- #8E02##2 A'TR', 4T-RKP ' 1%=.< 'E$* $0A P'S$T$' R<&/ C)20E 2$ST#AE FR'0 P, F,<<) #=D= EST. PR# )/)) ,#2$* 62#$P6R T#S %=) @'TS REG6EST AR'SS$* A,E#R#AE
5. Airprox ord 5#$RPR'95 deri+ed from #ircraft Proximity. Te situation classified 3y te le+el of Risks 1. Risk of Aollision - wen tere is a serious risk of collision as existed. <. Safety not assured- wen te safety of aircraft a+e 3een compromised. %. o risk of collision- wen tere is no risk of collision as existed. =. Risk not determined- wen tere is insufficient information a+aila3le to determine te risk in+ol+ed: or in conclusion or conflicting e+idence precluded suc determination.
figure 2.0
- by ICA
Transmission Format Type of $ncidence- 4aranasi control 5 #irprox5 Risk of collision #$-1%1 #ir3us Radial <7): 7) 20E 2istance T' R/7= T#S =&)@ F,%%) 0aintaining Flying conditions- $0AH40A Time of $ncidence- #t Time )%1/ 2etails- #n $ndian #ir-force ($#F" figter aircraft crossed fligt pat 3y %nm aead in descending pase from left to rigt sigted 1) o; clock
Example*i+en #ircraft Registration 4T-P9G Route 4#P-4EKS: #D71 Fligt ,e+el %/)
Type of #ircraft #$R6S Refer Aart o. < (download carts from link gi+en a3o+e"
Situation ?ou reaced K#K at 1&1/. #n $#F Figter aircraft crosses your fligt pat from ,eft to Rigt in clim3ing pase approx. %0 aead. Transmit your message Transmission #*P6R A'TR', 5 #$RPR'9 5 R$S@ 'F A',,$S$' 4T-P9G #$R6S KK1&1/ #D71 T#S %C)@ F,%/) $0A. #T 1&1= # $#F F$*8TER #$RAR#FT AR'SSE2 F,$*8T P#T8 %0 #8E#2 $ A,$0$* P8#SE. S$*8TE2 1< ';A,'A@.
C. Traffic on Reciprocal track
figure 2.1
- by ICA
> Alearance of clim3 or descent to oter F, will 3e gi+en 3y #TA after Est. time to cross I 1) minutes. > $f traffic is in sigt - TR#S0$T- 5 Traffic in sigt (#$-1%1": we cleared te traffic5 after tat re!uest clim3Hdescend: so tere is no need to wait for 1) minutes after Est. time to cross 3ecause clearing of traffic is confirmed.
figure 2.2
- by ICA
7. Weather deviation
figure 2.3
- by ICA
Situation (a." #ircraft in contact wit #TA case of weater de+iation from #TS Route Format of TransmissionPilot #*P6R A'TR', 4T-,0A #$R6S 5E#T8ER 2E4$#T$' REG6$RE25 T' R$*8T ? 1/ 0 26E #2 E#T8ER 26R#T$' 1) 0$6TES. agpur control 4T-,0A 1/0 2E4$#T$' T' R$*8T Pilot T6R$* (2E4$#T$'" R$*8T: 4T-,0A B2' 'T REG6EST 2E4$#T$' $ 2E*REES: REG6EST $ 2$ST#AE (0". ?'6 A# REG6EST F'R #PPR'PR$#TE 2$ST#AE T' A,E#R 'FF T8E E#T8ER #lways Remem3er #lways a+oid di+ersion to te direction were tere is anoter #TS Route is passing. Re!uestHcoose te opposite side in suc case . Tere is a di+ersion
preference wile crossing tunderstorm to your rigt and side or left and side (star3oard or port" wic depends upon emispere were you are flying. Tis is not an important situation considered in Transmission exam up till date. ut it is a +ery important factor in Real life Transmission. Refer meteorology for more details on tis.
Situation weater de+iation denied 3y #TA. TransmissionPilot #*P6R A'TR', 4T-,0A E#T8ER 2E4$#T$' REG6$RE2 C) 20E 2$ST#AE T' P F,%%) REG 2E4$#T$' T' R$*8T ? 1/0 26E #2 E#T8ER 26R#T$' 1) 0$6TES agpur control 4T-,0A 6#,E T' #PPR'4E 2E4$#T$' R$*8T 26E TR#FF$A SP$AE-KET 171. #$R6S.
Situation (3." #ircraft is not in contact wit #TA
figure 2.4
- by ICA
en tere is no contact wit #TA: and weater de+iation is necessary. 1. if flying easterly direction- ile Turning Rigt: fly off te #TS assigned route and clim3 3y %)) feet at 1)nm from #TS route. o need to clim3 if you are taking di+ersion witin 1) nm.
<. if flying easterly direction - ile Turning left: fly off te #TS assigned route and descend 3y %)) feet at 1)nm from #TS route. o need to descend if you are taking di+ersion witin 1)nm. %. if flying wasterly direction - ile Turning rigt: fly off te #TS assigned route and descend 3y %)) feet at 1)nm from #TS route. o need to descend if you are taking di+ersion witin 1)nm. =. if flying wasterly direction - ile Turning left: fly off te #TS assigned route and clim3 3y %)) feet at 1)nm from #TS route. o need to clim3 if you are taking di+ersion witin 1)nm.
Transmission- Format for weater di+ersion if not in contact wit #TA Pilot P#-P# P#-P# P#-P# #,, #$RAR#FT #,, #$RAR#FT $ T8E 4$A$$T? 'F D) 20E 2$ST#AE P *=/) F,%%). T6R$* R$*8T ? 1/0 26E #2 E#T8ER #T 1)0 $,, A,$0 T' F,%%% #2 0#$T#$ ' 2E4$#TE2 TR#A@ #,, E9TER$'R ,$*8TS S$TA8E2 ' @EEP # ,''@ '6T. clim3 or descend 3y %)) feet if you are di+erting witin 1)nm. if di+ersion distance is not gi+en in !uestion. 3etter to take di+ersion witin 1)nm so tat tere is no need to transmit unnecessary and it will sa+e lot of time.
&. ind Sear Report Transmission Format for wind sear report1. Station called <. Station calling %. 5$2 S8E#R REP'RT5 =. Time /. $ntensity C. 8eigt D. ,ocation Example-1 Pilot 2eli Twr 4T-RK8 windsear report time )71/ $ntensity 0oderate 8eigt D)) Feet $n approac pat
ind sear warning gi+en 3y #TA to oter aircraft 2eli Twr 4T-RK' wind sear warning reported 3y arri+ing oeing at time )71/ intensity moderate in approac pat runway
7. 4eicle on Taxiway
figure 2.5
- by ICA
$nforming #TA - 4eicle passes in front of you
Pilot 2eli *round 4T-'K on Taxiway (3ra+o" approacing intersection taxiway -A # green car on taxiway A (carlie": from left to rigt.
1).Re!uest to cange #TS Route (#ltering Route" *i+en Situation #ircraft $dentity 4T-,0A Route 4#-4$2P: 1% F,%)) Refer cart no. 1. (download carts from link gi+en a3o+e" -'+er 2'T$P: you decided to cange your route from #P#' and proceed to deli +ia indore. TransmissionPilot 060#$ A'TR', 4T-,0A
P'S$T$' 2'T$P 111/ F,%)): $,, #,TER A'6RSE FR'0 #P#' #2 PR'AEE2 4$# 1) F,%1) $$2 1): P, <) F,%)) EST$0#TE #P#' 11%) '2#R 11=/ $$2 1<)) *olden ords $n tis a3o+e gi+en transmission. we canged our Fligt ,e+el from F,%)) to F,%1) and again canged from F,%1) to F,%)). $t is 3ecause we are canging our direction at tose points so applied canges according to te 5 semi-circular5 Rule. please read semi-circular rule for more details.
11. 6rgency Te situation wic do not re!uire immediate assistanceHattention can 3e defined as 5 a condition concerning te safety of an aircraft or oter +eicle: or of some person on 3oard or witin sigt wic do not re!uire immediate assistance5 Tese situation cannot 3e defined and it is Pilot wo decides te se+erity of situation and transmits message as an 6rgency call. $f tere is an 6rgency Situation: Transmit you message to te station wit 5 P#-P#5 call: Time
Repeated Tree
Transmission Format Pan-Pan Pan-Pan Pan-Pan Station called Station calling (on fre!uency" Type of aircraftature of emergencyPosition$ntention6seful information- (Total person on 3oardO passenger on 3oard I crewIyourself: -Fuel on 3oard or endurance in 8ourH0inutes"
1<. 2istress Te situation wic re!uire immediate assistanceHattention can 3e defined as 5 a condition of 3eing treatened 3y serious andHor imminent danger and of re!uiring immediate assistance 5
Tese situation cannot 3e defined and it is Pilot wo decides te se+erity of situation and transmits message as an 6rgency call. some of te situation gi+en 3elow sould 3e treated as 2istress situation 1. Aa3in Pressure reduces. <. #ircraft structural damage. %. #ircraft enters in proi3ited area. =. Engine on fire ...etc $f tere is a 2istress Situation: Transmit you message to te station wit 5 0#?-2#?5 call: Repeated Tree Time
Transmission Format 0ay-2ay 0ay-2ay 0ay-2ay Station called Station calling (on fre!uency" Type of aircraftature of emergencyPosition$ntention6seful information- (Total person on 3oardO passenger on 3oard I crewIyourself: -Fuel on 3oard or endurance in 8ourH0inutes" $mportant $n case of distressHurgency: transmit your message on te fre!uency wic is in use instead of emergency fre!. 1<1./mL. switc to 1<1./mL only if asked 3y Station.
Situation (a" Aa3in 2ecompression #ircraft $dent. 4T-,0A Type of aircraft Aallenger - you are D)nm to P(fix of nagpur" tat ca3in pressure reduces: take necessary action as you decide to continue fligt to kolkata. Transmission- Aa3in 2ecompression Pilot 0ay-2ay 0ay-2ay
0ay-2ay #*P6R A'TR', 4T-,0A ' 1<%.7
A8#,,E*ER
E9PER$EA$* 2EA'0PRESS$' P'S$T$' D) 20E 2$ST#AE T' P F,%%) REG6EST $00E2$#TE 2ESAE2 T' F,7) $,, A'T$6E F,$*8T T' @',@#T# P#SSE*ER '-'#R2 )/% F6E, 1 T' agpur control- 4T-,0A R'*ER ?'6R 0#?-2#? 2ESAE2 T' F,7) Pilot- ,E#4$* F,%%) F'R F,7): 4T-,0A
Situation (3" Engine on fire #ircraft Reg. 4T-,0A
Type of #ircraft #ir3us Route 4$2P-4# F,%=)
- Tat you are &)nm to 4$KP: your left engine catces fire: you decided to land at 4$KP
Transmission-Engine on fire Pilot 0ay-2ay 0ay-2ay 0ay-2ay 2E,8$ A'TR', 4T-,0A ' 1<%.7 #$R$6S E*$E '. 1 ' F$RE P'S$T$' &)20E 2$ST#AE T' KKP F,%=) $,, 0#@E F'RAE ,#2$* #T K#$P6R EST. K#$P6R $ 1) 0$6TES REG6EST 2ESAE2 ,E4E,S PERS' ' '#R2 1)/ E26R#AE % 8'6RS =/ 0$6TES
Situation (c" #ircraft Entered on Proi3ited #rea $f you enter in proi3ited area: transmit 50#?-2#?5 (tree times" and come out from te sortest way and land at te nearest aerodrome as soon as practical.
1%. 4isual
#pproac
For +isual approac #ircraft sould runway in sigt. Te pilot sould ensure tat e will 3e close to complete +isual approac witout loosing sigt of runway. Te pilot sould ensure tat e will 3e a3le to complete +isual approac witout encountering $0A $f in case pilot looses sigt of te runway: e sould discontinue +isual approac.
ExampleTransmissionPilot- 060#$ T'ER 4T-,0A ' 11&.1 #$R6S F,/) FR'0 060#$ R? $ S$*8T REG6EST 4$S6#, #PPR'#A8
0um3ai tower- 4T-,0A A,E#RE2 F'R 4$S6#, #PPR'#A8 2ESAE2 T' A$RA6$T #,T$T62E REP'RT 2'$2 ,EFT 8#2 A$RA6$T R?
0um3ai tower- T8#T $S A'RREAT Pilot- 4T-,0A (do not forget to acknowledge" Pilot- 060#$ T'ER 4T-,0A REP'RT$* 2'$2
0um3ai tower- 060#$ T'ER
Pilot- 060#$ T'ER 4T-,0A REP'RT$* #SE
0um3ai tower- 060#$ T'ER Pilot- 060#$ T'ER: 4T-,0A REP'RT$* F$#,
0um3ai tower- A,E#R T' ,#2 $2 A#,0 Pilot- A,E#R T' ,#2
Example-2iscontinuing +isual approac TransmissionPilot- 060#$ T'ER: 4T-,0A 2$SA'T$6$*H##2'$* 4$S6#, #PPR'#A8 26E R6#? 'T $ S$*8T. P'S$T$' 2'$2 A$RA6$T #,T$T62E. REG6EST $STR6AT$'S.
0um3ai tower- 4T-,0A T6R R$*8T ? 7) 2E*REES A,$0 T' F, /) RE#A8$* F,/) RET6R T' E9PEAT $,S #PPR'#A8 R6#?
onus situation wile taxing on taxiway you experienced ot Tyre indication: take action. TransmissionPilot- 2E,8$ TR #$-1%1 *ETT$* 8'T T?RE $2$A#T$' P'S$T$' T#9$#? 0$@E ST'PP$* #$RAR#FT S,',? REG6EST F$RE TR6A@ SER4$AES F'R 4$S6#, A8EA@.
1=. Standard $nstrument 2eparture (S$2;s" Read te cart carefully 3efore you start exercise. Read te igligted fields. you can copy and sa+e tese carts. cart-1
SID 1.1
VIDP DELI !"#27$28 %&'()*e +,)y
Example- Route #,$ 1E R? <& (refer cart gi+en a3o+e for route- S$2 1.1" TransmissionPilot- 2E,8$ TR 4T-R0A ' 11&.1 / 20E 2$ST#AE (2P" T6R$* ,EFT TR#A@ 1D/ 2eli Twr- R'*ER
Pilot-2E,8$ TR 4T-R0A ' TR#A@ 1D/ T' $TERAEPT R%// S@# T' 0#ER
2eli Twr- 4T-R0A R'*ER: A'T#AT 2E,8$ #PPR'#A8 ' 1
EST#,$S8E2 ' R%// S@# T'
0#ER
2eli #pp.- R'*ER Pilot-
2E,8$ TR 4T-R0A T6R$* ,EFT T' $TERAEPT R<&% #,$ T' #,$*#R8
2eli #pp.- R'*ER Pilot-
2E,8$ #PPR'#A8 4T-R0A EST#,$S8E2 ' R<&% #,$ T' #,$*#R8 P#SS$* F,D) REG6EST F6RT8ER A,$0 T' F,
#s you can see in a3o+e transmission: te transmission is in standard form. you will surly wont get any marks if it is a read 3ack from te cart or clearance. 2ont forget to transmit if you intercept any Radial and after you esta3lised on tat Radial. $nstructions will 3e gi+en on cart or if not gi+en: it will 3e gi+en 3y examiner after you Re!uest for #TA clearance. 8ow to o3tain #TA clearance J for cart gi+en a3o+e - suppose your route is 2E,8$ T' ,6A@8'
Transmission- for #TA clearance Pilot- 2eli Tower: 4T-R0A ' 11&.1 REG6EST #TA A,E#R#AE (clearance will 3e gi+en 3y examiner: after tat gi+e compliance to tat clearance" 2on;t cange your fre!uency from towerHin use fre!. to next facility until asked 3y towerHin use fre!. no matter in wat control area you are flying. ut you can re!uest to switc fre!. to next facility if control area is indicated as per gi+en cart: else continue wit same fre!. in use to gi+e furter compliance.
Example- Route P60'T 1# R?<& (Refer cart gi+en a3o+e for route- S$2 1.1" TransmissionPilot- 2E,8$ TR 4T-R0A ' 11&.1 /20E 2$ST#AE (2P" T6R$* ,EFT TR#A@ 1D/ T' S'0#9 2eli Twr- R'*ER: 2E,8$ T'ER Pilot- 2E,8$ TR 4T-R0A ' TR#A@ 1D/ 2E*REES T' S'0#9 2eli Twr- R'*ER Pilot- 2E,8$ T'ER 4T-R0A AR'SS$* R<%% 2P T6R$* ,EFT T' $TERAEPT R<77 #,$ 2eli Twr- R'*ER Pilot- 2E,8$ TR 4T-R0A EST#,$S8E2 ' R<77 #,$ T' R#2'0 2eli Twr- 2E,8$ T'ER Pilot- 2E,8$ TR 4T-R0A C1./ 20E 2$ST#AE #,$ T6R$* T' EST#,$S8 R
1/. Standard Terminal #rri+al Route(s" (ST#R;s" Read te cart carefully 3efore you start exercise. Read te igligted fields. you can copy and sa+e tese carts. cart-
SA! 1.2
V/ CEAI V/! !"A# 07 %&'()*e +,)y
Example- Position: W20 R-342 IA !4" #Re$er %hart &iven a'ove $or ro(te- )*AR !.2+ *ransmissionPilot- ,EAI */WER *-1, R342 W20 !4"E 1EAI 150 /R 4000 *RI RI* /R !2 "E AR, I1) APPR/A, RW07 ,hennai *6r- R/ER Pilot- ,EAI */WER *-1, ,/E,I !2 "E AR, ,R/))I R3! 1EAI 4000 /R 2300 ,hennai *6r- ,EAI */WER
Pilot- ,EAI */WER *-1, ,R/))I 1EA" RA"IA1 25 *RI 1E* */ I*ER,EP* 1/,A1I8ER ,hennai *6r- ,EAI */WER Pilot- ,EAI */WER *-1, E)*A91I)E" / 1/,A1I8ER REE)* 1A"I ,1EARA,E ,hennai *6r- *-1,; ,/*IE APPR/A, Pilot- ,/*IE APPR/A,; *-1, ,hennai *6r- *-1,; RWA /* ,1EAR. ,/*IE APPR/A, Pilot- ,/*IE APPR/A,; *-1, Pilot- ,EAI */WER *-1, ,R/))I /*ER AR
Pilot- ,1EAR */ 1A"
/1"E W/R"): "/ /* /RE* */ REP/R* WI1E ,R/))I A"A*/R RA"IA1 /R REP/R*I; WI1E ,AI 1EE1; A*ER E)*A91I)E" / AR, A" WI1E ,R/))I 1EA" RA"IA1. I 1A"I ,1EARA,E I) /* /9*AIE". E* I* 9E/RE /R / /*ER-AR
!=. /1"I) /ER I> ? 6.r.t. I> ,*ig +' be ,e ,er V/! D .P.S. "A# P/I :,*ig i&;ru+;i,& ('y be gie by AC ,r if ,; gie by AC i; &:,u* be f,**, f*y &;''r-e'+: *eg f,r ,e (iu;e
A-6000 f; (&*
230? IAS
6001-14000 f; (&*
265? IAS
14001- (&* ' Ab,e
:e 5 B& Pi*,; &:,u* re(e(ber 1. ur 2. i(e 3.
CA! 1.3 /LDI PAE!
AC :,*ig I&;ru+;i,& ' r'&(i&&i, f,r ,*ig '; P/I %'. gie i +:'r;
Example- Position: RW 07 6hile %ommen%in& miss-approa%h 6hen - Air%ra$t $ails to land. Read the miss approa%h pro%ed(re and $ollo6 the instr(%tions. *ransmit a%%ordin& to instr(%tions. @ Re$er %hart-)*AR !.3 point #a.+ *ransmissionPilot- ,EAI *WR *-1, A91E */ 1A" #&ive reason: 6hB (na'le to land+ RW 07 ,/E,I I))-APPR/A, *6r- ,EAI *WR Pilot-,EAI *WR *-1, A* 2300 EE* RWA EA"I *RI 1E* /R /R /1"I R2=C A* 3000 EE* E)*. !3508 #*IE+
*6r-,EAI *WR Pilot-,EAI *WR *-1, A* !3508 3000 EE* /R /R /1"I R2=C *6r-,EAI *WR Pilot-,EAI */WER *-1, / /*9/" 1E /1"I 3000 EE* *6r-,/*IE /1"I @ REP/R* WI1E *RI */ E)*A91I) /R A*ER E)*A91I)E" / I9/" 1E
Pilot-,EAI *WR *-1, *RI I9/" R2=C
/1"I
*6r-,/*IE /1"I @ REP/R* /1 /R IR)* /1" A* I9/" A" /*9/" 1A*ER REP/R* /1 A* I9/" /R /ER *E I> /R 30-40 )E,/") 9E/RE *E *IE; I *IE /R /1" I) IE 9 A*,
Pilot-,EAI *WR *-1, I9/" ,/*IE /1"I *6r-,EAI *WR Pilot-,EAI *WR *-1, !3558 ,/*IE /1"I *6r-,EAI *WR Pilot-,EAI *WR *-1, !35C8 # Bo( 6ill rea%h over the $ix and report 6ith time a$ter ea%h hold *hat taDes standard time ! min on ea%h le& and total hold is $or 4 min. onlB appli%a'le $or standard holdin& +
Pilot-,EAI *WR *-1, I9/" R2=C ,/*IE /1"I *6r-,EAI *WR %ontin(e hold (ntil advised $(rther 'B A*,.................. AC :,*ig I&;ru+;i,& ' r'&(i&&i, f,r ,*ig '; P/I %b. gie i +:'r;
Example- Position: RW 07 a$ter miss-approa%h 6hen - Air%ra$t $ails to land. A*, maB &ive $ollo6in& Instr(%tions to hold at initial approa%h $ix-IA W22 R-0C! A* 20" #20 "E+ @ Re$er %hart-)*AR !.3 point #'.+ *ransmissionPilot- ,EAI *WR *-1, A91E */ 1A"
RW 07. WI11 ,1I9 2300 EE* RWA EA"I ,hennai *6r- *-1, PR/,EE" "IRE,* */ IA W22 A* 4000 A" /1" R0C! 20 "E /1" A* 1=5 *IE 3 I*E). # %he%D the minim(m holdin& altit(de in %hart its A 1=5; that means air%ra$t %annot hold 'elo6 the A '(t i$ instr(%ted 'B A*, to hold 'elo6 A it sho(ld 'e $ollo6ed instead o$ A &iven in %hart +
#A*, A IE / *E 1E* / 1E I s */ /1" A" */ A/I" /RE / / *R) A) WE11 A) "IRE,*I/ */ A
Pilot- ,EAI *WR *-1, A* IA 20" /R /R /1"I R0C! A* 1=0 !3508 ,hennai *6r- ,/*IE /1"I Pilot- ,EAI *WR *-1, / /*9/" R0C! /1"I ,hennai *6r- ,/*IE /1"I Pilot- ,EAI *WR AI-!3! *RI /R I9/" /1"I 20 "E ,hennai *6r- ,/*IE /1" Pilot- ,EAI *WR *-1, /1"I 0C!; 20"E # no $(rther in'o(nd?o(t'o(nd reported a$ter one in'o(nd and one o(t 'o(nd report; no6 report sho(ld 'e over the $ix or on in'o(nd le& F(st 'e$ore rea%hin& over the $ix +
,hennai *6r- ,/*IE /1" E>PE,* /R I1) 07 )*A" 9 /R R*ER I)*R,*I/) Pilot- ,EAI *WR *-1, ,/*IE /1"I R0C! 20 "E RE R*ER I)*R,*I/) */ 1A" RW 07 /R I1). "ont $or&et to *ransmit time 6hile leavin& the hold A*, A A)< / */ /1" A* P/I* #,.+ I"I,A*E" / ,AR*. I)*R,*I/) A 9E A) /11/W) ,EAI *WR- *-1, 1 "IRE,* */ IA ",* *IRPA*I A* 1 50 A" /1" / R-3! != "E /1"I */ RI* %rig:; :' )';;er E>PE,* R*ER ,1EARA,E A* !3508
I i&;ru+;i,& gie i ;r'&(i&&i, ;i(e f,r :,* ' *eg;: ,f :,*ig *eg i& ,; gie. S, @ee) :,*ig ;i(e '& &;''r i.e. f,r 1 (iu;e , e'+: *eg.
E3ECTRONICS IN A2IATION COMMUNICATION , W0C RTR Tis section is focused on +i+aHteory applica3le for Electronics $n #+iation Aommunication
om;s law ohmBs la( states that the c#rrent flo(ing thro#gh an electrical circ#it is "irectly roortional to the EM an" inversely roortional to its resistance at a constant temerat#re$ IDE;R (here&
I D c#rrent =#nit ,amere>& E D EM=#nit, 2olt> an" R D resistance =#nit, ohm>
Power The ro"#ct of c#rrent an" EM is .no(n as 0o(er$ (att is the #nit of o(er$ / .ilo(att is o(er cons#me" in one ho#r$ WDIE attery connecting a Frimary cells =/$7 v> in series or arallel com!ination forms !attery$ Frimary cells cannot !e recharge"
4olt The S$I$F #nit of EM$ The *ifference of otential that (o#l" carry one amere of c#rrent against one ohm resistance$ FSI UNITS+ SystGme International "Units
=INTERNATIONA3 SJSTEM O UNITS>
#mpere It is a #nit of c#rrent$ one amere of c#rrent reresents one co#lom! of electric charge
moving ast a secific oint in one secon"$
E0F The rate at (hich energy is "ra(n from the so#rce (hen #nit c#rrent flo(s thro#gh the circ#it meas#re" in #nit& 2olts$ K e$m$f is not a force in classic hysics sense !eca#se it is meas#re" in 2olts L not in Ne(ton K
F or aircraft re'#iring a !attery of /1v& : cells are connecte" in series$ When the cells are connecte" in arallel& the voltage of the !attery remains the same as the single cell$ ho(ever& the amo#nt of c#rrent that can !e "ra(n from the !attery (ill m#ltily "een"ing #on n#m!er of cells in arallel$
Resistance The force that oose the flo( of electron c#rrent in a con"#ctor$ #nit of resistance is ohm$ When resistance are connecte" in series& the total resistance of the circ#it is e'#al to Total Resistance& Rt D r/ r1 r4
When more than one resistance are connecte" in arallel =in circ#it >& the total resistance of the circ#it is e'#al to + Total Resistance+ /;R D /;r/ /;r1 /;r4
AapacitanceHcapacitor It is a assive electronic comonent that stores energy in a form of an electrostatic fiel"$ #nit of caacitance is fara"$ F The ins#lating material #se" on caacitor lates calle" 2i-Electric C D Q;2 (here&
C D caacitance in fara" Q D charge in co#lom! 2 D voltage =otential "ifferenc e"
Eddy Aurrent An electric c#rrent in"#ce" (ithin the !o"y of a con"#ctor (hen con"#ctor either moves thro#gh a non,#niform magnetic magnetic fiel" or in the region (here there is a change in magnetic fl#)$ It is sometimes calle" o#ca#lt c#rrent$ E""y c#rrent ca#se heat an" electromagnetic force in c#rrent$ E""y c#rrent is s#erficial henomenon$
#3out E0F: 'pen Alose Aircuit of Aells
"In cell, The EMF is close circuit & voltage at the terminal of cell that is neither charging nor discharging is called the open circuit voltage and equals the emf of the cell"
@ircoff;s law
@ircoff;s first law The alge!raic s#m of c#rrent in net(or. of con"#ctors meeting at a oint is ero$ =fig#re /$> In fig#re /$ given a!ove& i/ i5 D i1 i4 =accor"ing to irchhoff circ#it la(>
@ircoff;s second law The "irecte" s#m of the electronic otential "ifferences =voltage> aro#n" any close circ#it is ero$ =fig#re 1$> In fig#re 1$ given a!ove& 2/ 21 24 25 D
Formula to calculate electric fan RP0 H$0$ D =T N>;7171 (here& H$0$ , horse o(er TD tor'#e ND see" =R0M>
Transformers Transformers is a "evice #se" in A$C$ circ#it either to ste # or ste "o(n the voltage$ It (or.s on the rincile of m#t#al in"#ction$
facts F A$C$ s#ly is 7 to : times er secon" an" is calle" 7 h; : h A$C$
FIn or"er to re"#ce the sie of transformers;cho.es etc in an aircraft$ the A$C$ s#ly is 5h$
*eneratorsHmotors 5a machine (hich converts mechanical energy into electrical energy is calle" *enerators (hereas& a machine (hich converts electrical energy into mechanical energy is calle" 0otors5 #.A. *EER#T'R , a generator "esigne" to ro"#ce A$C$ c#rrent is calle" A$C$ generators or an alternator
