RT Procedure

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NDE PROCEDURES – RADIOGRAPHIC TESTING

NDE PROCEDURE RADIOGRAPHIC TESTING

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TABLE OF CONTENTS SECTION

DESCRIPTION

1.0 2.0 .0 !.0 ".0 ".1 ".1 ".2 ". ". ".! ".! "." "." ".' ".( ".( ".) ".* ".*

PURPOSE SCOPE REFERENCE DEFINITION PROCEDURE PERS PERSON ONAL AL QU QUAL ALIF IFIC ICA ATION TION RADIATION SA SAFET# I$AG I$AGE E QU QUAL ALIT IT# # INDI INDICA CATO TOR R %IQI %IQI&& FIL FIL$ IDE IDENT NTIF IFIC ICA ATIO TION QUALIT ALIT# # OF OF RA RADIO DIOGRAP GRAPH H FIL$ PROCESSING RADIO ADIOGR GRA APHIC PHIC TECH TECHN NIQU IQUE INTERPRATION ACCEP CCEPT TANCE NCE CR CRITER ITERIA IA

(.1

SPECIAL REQUIRE$ENT RECORD REPORTING

'.0 (.0

APPENDICES APPEND APPENDI+ I+ 1 - RADIO RADIOGRA GRAPH PH INDENT INDENTIFI IFICA CATIO TION N , IQI PLACE$ENT APPENDI+

2

–

RADIOGRAPH

E+POSURE

TECHNIQUE APPENDI+  – ACCEPTANCE ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA APPENDI+ ! - RADIOGRAPHIC TESTING FRO$

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NDE PROCEDURES – RADIOGRAPHIC TESTING 1.0

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PURPOSE This procedure procedure

establishes the reuire!e"ts# reuire!e"ts# tech"iues a"d

proce processe sses s for ualit ualit$ $ radiog radiograp raphic hic e%a!i e%a!i"at "atio" io" o" &elds &elds of plates plates## bea!s# tubular a"d pipes. 2.0

SCOPE This procedure procedure is applicable to radiographic e%a!i"atio" usi"g 'r( 'r(

1)2 'sotope o" ferrous a"d "o" ferrous !aterial. *!e"d!e"ts !a$ be !ade !ade to this this ge"e ge"era rall proc proced edur ure e

to !eet eet sp spec ecia iall

reui euirre!e" e!e"ts ts

speci+call$. ,uch a!e"d!e"ts# if a"$# shall receive prior co"se"t of -'T. .0

REFERENCE *, ,ectio"  *,' / *, 31.3 20075 *6, D1.1 200 ditio" PT, 80.014

!.0

( o"destructive %a!i"atio" ( Process Pipi"g ( ,tructural ,tructura l 6eldi"g -ode( ,teel ( PT, 9 Radiographic Radiographic '"spectio"

DEFINITION -, : -alidad ,d" hd P; : abata" Pe!ba"gu"a" Pe!ba"gu"a" ;e!ahira" ;e!ahira" ; ; : a
".0

PROCEDURE ".1 Qco3 o4 P567o335 -,>s ?ualit$ *ssura"ce Depart!e"t ?*D5 shall use uali+ed DT DT subco" subco"tra tracto ctorr to perfor perfor! ! the ga!!a ga!!a ra$ Radiogr adiograph aphic ic Testi"g Testi"g RT5. RT5.

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*ll RT Perso"" erso""el el &ith &ith the e%cep e%ceptio tio"s "s of assist assista"t a"t shall shall be ual uali+ i+ed ed to *, *,T T evel evel '' cert certi+ i+ed ed b$ *, *,T T evel evel ''' ''' as per per -o"tractor>s 6ritte" Practice a"d P;/; evel ' i" '"dustrial Radio adiogr grap aph$ h$.

The$ The$ sh shal alll

be

lice lice"s "sed ed &ith &ith *to!i to!ic c

"er "erg$ g$

ice"si"g oard *5 of ala$sia a"d radiographer shall have at least 2 $ears e%perie"ce i" i"dustrial radiograph$.

*bove reuire!e"t shall be valid o"l$ for !a%i!u! source stre"gth of 40-i. @o&ever# if the high source stre"gth is reuired above 40-i &ith a !a%i!u! of 0-i# the RT perso""el shall be ual uali+ i+ed ed to P;/ P;/ ; ; evel evel '' a"d a"d havi" avi"g g at leas leastt 3 $ear $ears s e%perie"ce i" i"dustrial radiograph$.

The e!plo$er of the radiographers shall sub!it his 6ritte" 6ritte" Practice Practice for perso""el perso""el uali+cat uali+catio" io" a"d certi+cat certi+catio"# io"# radiatio" radiatio" safet$ a"d other &or=i"g procedure to -, for revie&# approval a"d audit.

Radiograph$ Radiograph$ Ail! '"terpreters '"terpreters shall posses a valid P- / -,6'P 3.4 evel '' -erti+cate or euivale"t.

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".2 R8o3 S459

*ll perso""el perfor!i"g Radiographic Testi"g shall be a&are of the pote"tial haBard of radiatio" a"d reuire!e"t of safe practices# * Regulatio"# -, @ealth# ,afet$# a"d "viro"!e"t a"age!e"t. Radiatio" safet$ procedures shall be sub!itted a"d

e!erge"c$

drill

shall

be

co"ducted

prior

to

&or=

co!!e"ce!e"t.

Radiatio" protectio" reuire!e"t set forth b$ the *. The -o"tractor shall provide each radiographer &ith a +l! badge. ach tea! shall have a Radiatio" eeper. ach tea!# co!prisi"g a radiographer a"d assista"t radiographer shall be provided i" accorda"ce &ith paragraph 8.3.

Radiographic testi"g perso""el !ust be certi+ed to * reuire!e"ts. The isotope pro
,afet$ chec=list shall be e%ercised a"d be reported to -, as per follo&i"g:

i. ii. iii. iv.

Dail$ chec=/prior to use o" guide tube Dail$ chec=/ prior to use o" &i"di"g cable Dail$ chec= /prior to use o" pro
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". I;5 Q9 I38co6 %I.Q.I&

'?'s shall be selected fro! either the sa!e allo$ !aterial group or fro! a" allo$ !aterial group or grade &ith less radiatio" absorptio" tha" the !aterial bei"g radio graphed. Cther t$pes of '?' !a$ be used upo" approval fro! -'T.

,electio" of '?'s shall be as per table .8 a"d T(27 for *6, D1.1 a"d *,  respectivel$. Radiograph$ tech"iue a"d euip!e"t shall provided sucie"t se"sitivit$ to clearl$ sho& the reuired &ire.

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NDE PROCEDURES – RADIOGRAPHIC TESTING '?' ,hall be selected as per follo&i"g table:

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8.3.1 '?' Place!e"t

'?' shall "or!all$ be placed o" the source side. '" the case &he" this is "ot possible due to i" accessibilit$ # the '?' !a$ be placed o" the +l! side &ith the a lead letter FA> at least as high as the '?' ide"ti+catio" "u!ber a"d shall be placed ad
Aor

the

!aterial

of eual thic="ess

a"d tra"sitio"

thic="ess .t&o 25 '?' shall be used for &elds le"gth of te" 105 i"ches or !ore. C"l$ o"e 15 i"ch '?' is reuired for others less tha" 10 i"ches le"gth5# refer to *ppe"di% 2. Aig.2 G Aig.3. Aor si"gle &all si"gle i!age Pa"ora!ic5 e%posure# four '?' euall$ spaced shall be placed o" the source side.

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".! F I853co3

ead !ar=er shall be used for radiograph ide"ti+catio". -, shall i"corporate radiographic +l! ide"ti+catio" as follo&s:

i. ii. iii. iv.

-lie"t Pro
v. vi. vii.

reshoot oi"ts# R6 for re(&elded
viii.

reuested. aterial thic="ess 9 i"dicate thic="ess of !aterial as per reuested.

Refer to *ppe"di% 1 for radiograph$ ide"ti+catio" la$out a"d descriptio"5. These ide"ti+catio"s shall "ot obscure the area of i"terest.

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"." Q9 o4 R8o;6<=

8.8.1

*ll radiographs shall be free fro! !echa"ical# che!ical

or other ble!ishes to the e%te"t that the$ !as= or co"fuse &ith the i!age of a"$ disco"ti"uit$ i" the area of i"terest of the ob
,uch ble!ishes i"clude but "ot li!ited:

a. Aoggi"gH b. 6ater !ar=s# strea=s or che!ical stai"s c. ,cratches# +"er !ar=s # cri!ps# dirti"ess# static !ar=s or tearsH d. oss of detail due to poor scree" to +l! co"tact e. Aalse i"dicatio" due to defective scree"s. 8.8.2 ac= ,catter

6he" radiograph$ is carried out i" a directio"# &hich !a$ create bac= scatteri"g e.g +l! placed bet&ee" source a"d co"crete Ioor5 lead sheets shall be attached to the bac= of each +l! cassette to reduce or cut oJ such scatter.

* lead letter F> &ith !i"i!u! di!e"sio"s of 1. !! thic="ess b$ 12.7 !! height shall be placed o" the bac= of each +l! holder.

'f the lead KL appears o" the radiograph as a lighter i!age tha" the

bac=grou"d#

protectio" fro! bac=scatter

is

i"sucie"t a"d shall be co"sidered u"acceptable. * "e& e%posure shall be ta=e" &ith additio"al bac=i"gs. * "e& e%posure shall be ta=e" &ith additio"al bac=i"gs. * dar=



i!age of the K Ko" the lighter bac=grou"d is "ot cause for re


8.8.3 Meo!etrical N"sharp"ess The source to ob
$56 T=c>3577 3.

U; $? 3.%&

%& N"der 2 805 2 through 3 80.785 Cver 3 through

0.2000.815 0.0300.75 0.0401.025

4

78.1005 Mreater tha" 4 1005

0.0701.7E5

ote: aterial thic="ess is the thic="ess o" &hich the '?' is based. NgO A % d5/D 6here AO ,ource ,iBe dO Dista"ce fro! source side of &eld to +l! Cr average &eld thic="ess i" i"ches5 DO dista"ce fro! source to &eld i" i"ches5

D a"d d shall be deter!i"ed at the appro%i!ate ce"ter of the area of i"terest.

8.8.4 Diag"ostic Ail! e"gth DA5 '" order to !eet the de"sit$ reuire!e"ts a"d to allo& for the fall oJ i" Ia& se"sitivit$ to&ards the e"ds of the radiograph due to a" i"crease i" pe"etrated thic="ess a"d to geo!etric eJects# the diag"ostic +l! le"gth DA5 shall be li!ited to thic="ess "ot !ore tha" 110 of the pe"etrated thic="ess at the ce"ter of the radiograph.



8.8.8 De"sit$

The de"sit$ !easured shall be @RD de"sit$. The !i"i!u! a"d !a%i!u! tra"s!itted +l! de"sit$ at area a"d i"terest for si"gle &all vie&i"g shall be bet&ee" 2.0 a"d 4.0 either si"gle or co!posite vie&i"g. Aor co!posite vie&i"g of !ultiple +l! e%posures# each +l! of the co!posite set shall have a !i"i!u! de"sit$ of 1.3. The !a%i!u! de"sit$ shall be 4.0 for either si"gle or co!posite vie&i"g. * tolera"ce of 0.08 i" de"sit$ is allo&ed for variatio"s bet&ee" de"sito!eter readi"gs. The de"sit$ of the radiograph$ a"$&here through the area of i"terest shall "ot varies b$ !ore tha" 9 18 or Q 30  o"l$ applicable for pipi"g a"d vessel.

De"sito!eters shall be calibrated at least ever$ )0 da$s duri"g usi"g a "atio"al sta"dard step tablet or a step &edge calibratio" +l!# traceable to a "atio"al or i"ter"atio"al sta"dard step tablet a"d havi"g at least 8 steps &ith "atural de"sities fro! at least 1.0 through 4.0# shall be used.



8.8. ocatio" ar=er

ocatio" ar=er shall be placed o" the part. Their locatio" shall be per!a"e"tl$ !ar=ed o" the surface of the part to be radio graphed. ach radiographic +l! shall sho& refere"ce !ar=ers i"dicati"g the correct locatio" of the +l! o" the &eld.

8.8.7 -o"trast

The co"trast of radiograph shall be acceptable level as "ot to reduce the ualit$ a"d !ai"tai" the reuired se"sitivit$ a"d de"sit$.

8.8.E Procedure -o!plia"ce

* Procedure ?uali+catio" shall be perfor!ed for each radiograph$ tech"iue before co!!e"ce!e"t of RT &or=. ach tech"iue shall be assessed b$ at least thi""est a"d thic=est to be used i" productio".

WORKING PROCEDURE NDE PROCEDURES – RADIOGRAPHIC TESTING ".'


F P6oc5773; a"ual processi"g shall be used. Ail!s shall be processed to a ualit$ &hereb$ the$ re!ai" to be i"terpretable for at least 8 $ears u"der "or!al storage co"ditio". Processi"g che!icals Developer# +%er a"d reple"ished5 shall be at a sta"dard t$pe fro! recog"iBed !a"ufacturer such as ;oda=# *lfa Au

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8.. Dr$i"g of +l!s a5 -are shall be ta=e" to avoid causi"g a"$ !echa"ical da!age to the e!ulsio" a"d to preve"t causi"g !ar=s fro! u"eve" dr$i"g. b5 Dr$i"g shall be carried out i" a "or!al eve" dr$i"g. c5 Cther !ethod of dr$i"g ca" also be achieved rapid dr$i"g b$ placi"g the +l!. i" a special dr$i"g cabi"et# i" &hich a co"sta"t strea! of air is forced over both sides of the +l!. d5 C"ce dr$i"g has co!!e"ced. The +l! shall "ot be re!oved fro! the cabi"et u"til it is co!pletel$ dr$. e5 o +l!s shall be sub


".( R8o;6<=c T5c=30@-5 8.7.1 ,i"gle 6all ,i"gle '!age ,6,'5 This is the preferred !ethod &he"ever possible. '" the si"gle(&all tech"iue# the radiatio" passes through o"l$ o"e &all of the &eld !aterial5# &hich is vie&ed for accepta"ce o" the radiograph. @o&ever# it reuires that both side of the &eld or co!po"e"t be accessible &ith the source shall be placed o" o"e side a"d the +l! i" close co"tact o" the other side. '" the case &he" the i"side of a pipe is accessible# &ith the source placed o" o"e side a"d the +l! i" close co"tact o" the other side. 8.7.2 Double 6all Double '!age D6D'5 This tech"iue applies to !aterials or &elds havi"g 2 1/2 i"ches or less i" outside dia!eter. '" this tech"iue# the radiatio" passes through t&o &alls a"d the !aterial or &eld i" both &alls is vie&ed o" the sa!e radiograph. Aor t his tech"iue# o"l$ a source side '?' shall be used. Aor &elds# the radiatio" bea! !a$ be oJset fro! the pla"e of the &eld at a" a"gle sucie"t to separate the i!ages of the source side a"d +l! side portio"s of the &eld so that there is "o overlap of areas to be i"terpreted. Aor co!plete coverage !i"i!u! of t&o e%posures at )0 degrees to each other shall be !ade for each

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8.7.3 Double 6all ,i"gle '!age D6,'5 This !ethod is reco!!e"ded for pipe &elds greater tha" 2 1/2 i"ches "o!i"al dia!eter. '" this tech"iue# the radiatio" passes through t&o &alls# but o"l$ the !aterial or &eld "ear the +l! side is vie&ed. *" adeuate "u!ber of e%posures shall be !ade to e"sure that the reuired coverage has bee" obtai"ed. Aor co!plete coverage a circu!fere"tial &eld o r !aterials# a !i"i!u! three e%posures at 120 degrees to each other shall be !ade. Radiographic e%posure tech"iue s=etch refer to *ppe"di% 2.

".) I356<65o3 8.E.1 ie&i"g of Radiograph$ The processed radiographs shall be i"terpreted a"d evaluated b$ a uali+ed radiograph$ i"terpreter a"d to be revie&ed b$ -'T. ie&i"g shall be do"e o" the radiograph usi"g radiograph vie&ers. The radiograph vie&er shall provide sucie"t light for vie&i"g the esse"tial '?' i!age a"d all perti"e"t details of a radiograph &ith a de"sit$ of 2.0 to 4.0 @ G D. ".* Acc5<3c5 C6256

*ccepta"ce I Re
-hapter '# Table 341.3.2 of *, I *,' 31.3 2005 for pipi"g a"dH ,ectio" 7# clause .12.1 "o"(tubular5 a"d clause .12.3 tubular5# *6, Dl.l 2005 for structural. Refer *ppe"di% 35.


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'.0 SPECIAL REQUIRE$ENT

15 Ris= to a"$ radiograph$ &or=# a per!it shall be obtai"ed fro! the -alidad ,afet$ Depart!e"t. 25 The bli"=ers light shall be fu"ctio"i"g throughout radiograph$ &or= to &or" people fro! e"teri"g the area.

the

35 -o" tractor to sub!it cop$ of the * ice"se to -'T before co!!e"ce of &or=. 45 Re(e%a!i"atio" for repaired &elds shall be tested as per origi"al test !ethod a"d the sa!e tech"iue a"d ualit$ accepta"ce criteria shall be applied. Aor stages of repair or re(repair# the radiographic reports shall be !ar=ed &ith TRl T# TR2T etc. 6here Re(shoot is reuired# the +l!s5 shall be !ar=ed &ith the letter TR,T. 85 Progressive sa!pli"g: a5 T&o additio"al &elds b$ the sa!e &elder or operator shall be give" the sa!e t$pe of e%a!i"atio"H a"d b5 'f the ite!s e%a!i"ed as per the reuire!e"ts of a5 above# are acceptable# the defective ite! shall be repaired or replaced a"d re(e%a!i"ed a"d all ite!s represe"ted b$ these t&o additio"al sa!ples shall be acceptedH but c5

a"$ of these ite!s e%a!i"ed as reuiredU b$ a5 above reveal a defect# t&o further sa!ples of the sa!e =i"d shall be re(e%a!i"e for each of the defective ite!s fou"d b$ that sa!pli"gH a"d 'f

d5 'f all the ite!s e%a!i"ed as reuired b$ c5 above are acceptable# the defective ite!ss5 shall be repaired or replaced a"d re(e%a!i"ed a"d all ite!s represe"ted b$ these t&o additio"al sa!ples shall be acceptedH but e5 'f a"$ of the ite!s e%a!i"ed as reuired b$ c5 above reveals a defect# all the ite!s represe"ted b$ the progressive sa!pli"g shall be:



f5 Aull$ e%a!i"ed a"d repaired or replaced as "ecessar$ a"d re e%a!i"ed



7.0 RECORDS

(.1 R5
i. ii. iii. iv. v. vi. vii. viii. i%. %. %i. %ii.

Pro
* report for! that clearl$ ide"ti+es the &or= a"d the area of i"spectio" shall be co!pleted b$ the tech"icia" at the ti!e of i"spectio". 6ritte" reports shall be !ai"tai"ed i" the ?ualit$ Records a"d shall be available for auditi"g of the data.


*PP/D'-/,




APPENDI+-1

Aigure 1: Radiograph$ ide"ti+catio" G place!e"t of pe"ta!eters



APPENDI+-2

Aigure 1: Radiographic ide"ti+catio" a"d &ire pe"etra!eter locatio" o" tra"sitio"
Aigure 2: Radiographic ide"ti+catio" a"d &ire pe"etra!eter locatio" o" tra"sitio"


Figure 1: Double Wall Double Image (DWDI) Exposure Technique for pipes and tubes of ! mm and less

Figure ": Double Wall #ingle Image (DW#I) Exposure Technique for pipes and tubes of a diameter greater than !$ mm



Figure %: #ingle Wall #ingle Image (#W#I) Exposure Technique for plates&

Figure ': #ingle Wall #ingle Image (#W#I)& anoramic Exposure Techniques for pipes and tubes of '$$mm (1 inches) diameter and greater&



APPENDI+- *--PT*-

I

R//-T'C -R'TR'* ACR ,TRN-TNR* *, PR *6, Dl.l5

.12.1 *ccepta"ce -o""ectio"s

-riteria

for

,taticall$

oaded

o"tubular

7.12.1.1Disco"ti"uities. 6elds that are sub


of the &eld bei"g e%a!i"ed is less tha" # the allo&able su! of the greatest di!e"sio"s shall be proportio"all$ ess.



7.12.3 *ccepta"ce -riteria for Tubular -o""ectio"s 7.12.3.1 Disco"ti"uities. 6elds that are sub
15 lo"gated disco"ti"uities e%ceedi"g the !a%i!u! siBe of Aigure 7.7. 25 Disco"ti"uities closer tha" the !i"i!u! cleara"ce allo&a"ce of Aigure 7.7. 35 *t the i"tersectio" of a &eld &ith a"other &eld or a free edge i.e.# a" edge be$o"d &hich "o !aterial e%te"sio" e%ists5# acceptable disco"ti"uities shall: a5 -o"for! to the li!itatio"s of Aigure . for each i"dividual &eld b5-o"for! to the i"tersecti"g &eld li!itatio"s of Aigure .# -ase ' or ''# as applicable 45 'solated disco"ti"uities such as a cluster of rou"ded i"dicatio"s# havi"g a su! of their greatest di!e"sio"s e%ceedi"g the !a%i!u! siBe si"gle disco"ti"uit$ allo&ed f" Aigure 7.7. The !i"i!u! cleara"ce to a"other cluster or a" elo"gated or rou"ded disco"ti"uit$ or to a" edge or e"d of a" i"tersecti"g &eld shall be three ti!es the greatest di!e"sio" of the larger of the disco"ti"uities bei"g co"sidered. 85 The su! of i"dividual disco"ti"uities each havi"g a greater di!e"sio" of less tha" 3/32 i". V2.8 !!W shall "ot e%ceed 2Al3 or 3/E i". V10 !!W# &hichever is less# i" a"$ li"ear 1 i". V28 !!W of &eld . This reuire!e"t is i"depe"de"t of 4l5# 25# a"d 35 above. 5 '"(li"e disco"ti"uities# &here the su! of the greatest di!e"sio"s e%ceeds  i" a"$ le"gth of 7/. 6he" the le"gth of the &eld bei"g e%a!i"ed is less tha" # the allo&able su! of the greatest di!e"sio"s shall be proportio"all$ less. 7.12.3.2 'llustratio" . Aigures .2 a"d .3 illustrate the applicatio" of the reuire!e"ts give" i" 7.12.3.1.



otes: 1. To deter!i"e the !a%i!u! siBe of disco"ti"uit$ allo&ed i" a"$
Aigure .1 9 6eld ?ualit$ Reuire!e"ts for lo"gated Disco"ti"uities Deter!i"ed b$ Rt for ,taticall$ oaded o"tubular ,tructures see .12.1.15







otes: 1. To deter!i"e the !a%i!u! siBe of disco"ti"uit$ allo&ed i" a"$


;X ACR A'MNR . -*,, '# ''# ''' *D ' 6D * OCM'TND'* TNN*R -P MRCC 6D 6D OTNN*R M'RT@ -P MRCC 6D D',-CT'N'TX * O RCNDD C-*TD ' 6D * D',-CT'N'TX * O RCNDD C-*TD ' 6D *

CR

CM*TD

D',-CT'N'TX

CR

CM*TD

D',-CT'N'TX

 *D 6 O*RM,T *D ,*,T D','C,# R,P-T'X CA D',-CT'N'TX *  *D 6 O*RM,T *D ,*,T D','C,# R,P-T'X CA D',-CT'N'TX *  O 6D ,'Y -O,@CRT,T D',T*- P*R* TC T@ 6D * *Z',# T6 T@ *R,T D',-CT'N'TX DM,



[The elo"gated disco"ti"uit$ !a$ be located i" either the lo"gitudi"al or girth &eld. Aor the purpose of this illustratio"# disco"ti"uit$  &as located i" the girth &eld -ase '( Disco"ti"uit$ at 6eld '"tersectio"

Aigure .-o"ti"ued5 ( 6eld ?ualit$ Reuire!e"t for lo"gated Disco"ti"uities as Deter!i"ed b$ RT of Tubular oi"ts see.12.3.15



-ase ''( Disco"ti"uit$ at Aree dge of -P Mroove 6eld

Aigure . -o"ti"ued5\6eld ?ualit$ Reuire!e"t for lo"gated Disco"ti"uities as Deter!i"ed b$ RT of Tubular oi"ts see .12.3.15



-ase '''( Disco"ti"uit$ at 6eld '"tersectio"




-ase '( Disco"ti"uit$ at Aree dge of -P Mroove 6eld




*--PT*- / R-T'C -R'TR'* ACR P'P'M *, PR *, 31.35





Table 341.3.2 *ccepta"ce for 6elds a"d %a!i"atio" ethods for valuati"g 6eld '!perfectio"s -o"t>d5 CT,: 15-riteria give" are for reuired e%a!i"atio" !ore stri"ge"t criteria !a$ be speci+ed i" the e"gi"eeri"g desig". ,ee also paras.341.8 a"d 341.83 25ra"ch co""ectio" &eld i"cludes pressure co"tai"i"g &elds i" bra"ches a"d fabricated laps 35o"gitudi"al groove &eld i"cludes straight a"d spiral sea! .-riteria are "ot i"te"ded to appl$ to &elds !ade i" accorda"ce &ith a sta"dard listed i" Table *:1 or Table 32.1. *lter"ative ea= Test reuires e%a!i"atio" of these &elds see para 348.) 45Aillet i"cludes soc=et a"d seal &elds# a"d attach!e"t &elds for slip(o" Ia"ges # bra"ch rei"force!e"t# a"d supports 85These i!perfectio"s are evaluated o"l$ for &elds ] 8!! 3/1 i"5 i" "o!i"al thic="ess 56here t&o li!iti"g values are separated b$ Ka"dL the lesser of the values deter!i"es accepta"ce. 6here t&o sets of values are separated b$ KorL the larger value is acceptable T is the "o!i"al &all thic="ess of the thi""er of t&o co!po"e"ts


RT Procedure

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