Water Resources of India

Water resources of India Water resources of a country constitute one of its vital vital assets assets.. India India recei receives ves annual annual preci precipit pitati ation on of about about 4000 km3. The rainfall in India shows very high spatial and tempo tempora rall vari variab abil ilit ity y and and para parado dox x of the situa situati tion on is that that ousin ousinram ram near !herrap !herrapun"i un"i## which which receiv receives es the highes highestt rainfall in the world# also su$ers from a shortage of water during the non%rainy season# almost every year. The total aver averag age e annu annual al &ow &ow per per year year for for the the Indi India an rive rivers rs is estimated as '()3 km3. The total annual replenish able grou ground ndwa wate terr resou esourrces ces are are asse assess ssed ed as 43 43* * km3. km3. The The annual utili+able surface water and groundwater resources of India are estimated as ,(0 km3 and 3(, km3 per year# respectively. With rapid growing population and improving livi living ng stand standar ards ds the pres pressu sure re on our our water water reso resour urce ces s is increasing and per capita availability of water resources is reducing day by day. day. -ue to spatial and temporal variability in precipitation the country faces the problem of &ood and droug drought ht sy synd ndro rome me.. ver verex expl ploi oita tatio tion n of grou ground ndwat water er is leading to reduction of low &ows in the rivers# declining of  the grou ground ndwa water ter resour esource ces# s# and and salt salt water water intru intrusi sion on in a/uifers of the coastal areas. ver canal%irrigation in some of the command areas has resulted in water logging and salinity. salinity. The /uality of surface and groundwater resources is also also deterio deteriorati rating ng becaus because e of increa increasin sing g pollut pollutant ant loads loads from oint and non%point sources. The climate change is expected to a$ect precipitation and water availability. 1o far# the data collection# processing# storage and dissemination have not received ade/uate attention. The e$orts initiated under the 2ydrology ro"ect hase%I and the deve develo lopm pment ent of the -ecis -ecisio ion n 1upp 1uppor ortt 1yst 1ystem em prop propos osed ed under under 2ydro 2ydrolog logy y ro"e ro"ect ct hase% hase%II II are are expecte expected d to bridg bridge e some ome of the gaps betwee ween the develo eloped adv advanced

technologies of water resources planning# designing and management and their eld applications. The paper presents availability and demands of water resources in India as well as describes the various issues and strategies for developing a holistic approach for sustainable development and management of the water resources of  the country. It also highlights integration of the blue and green &ows and concepts of virtual water transfer for sustainable management of the water resources for meeting the demands of the present# without compromising the needs of future generations.

Outline of study :' .!ontent % •

Introduction of topic

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 Types of water resources

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5ainwater harvesting#

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1urface water#

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Water resources#

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Water re/uirements#

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Water transfer.

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6raph for water resources

3. Important list of person and places 4. 1ummary