Arquitectura Harvard y VOn NeumanDescripción completa
Tarea 3 - Importancia de Arquitectura Von Neumann
Tarea 3 - Importancia de Arquitectura Von Neumann
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Descripción: john von neumann y la mecanica cuantica
instrumento para evaluar AVDIDescripción completa
psicologia
Descrição completa
Deskripsi lengkap
karya tulis
Complete Franz Neumann's essay Angst und Politik (german original version)
Descrição: psychology, mytology
Chapte Cha pterr 02: 02: Com Comput puter er Orga Organiz nizati ation on
Lesson 01: Von Neumann Machine Architecture
Objective: • Un Unde ders rsta tand nd von Ne Neum uman ann n st stor ored ed pr prog ogra ram m architecture • Und Unders erstan tand d alterna alternate te archit architect ecture ure ─ Harvard Machine architecture • Und Unders erstan tand d the mea meanin ning g of a prog program ram
Storing of Program and Data in Memory • A sto store red d prog progra ram m con conce cept pt is one one in whi which ch fi firs rstt the program and data are stored in the main memory and then the processor fetches instructions and executes them, one after another
Before Stored-program computer architecture • Ma Many ny co comp mput uter erss pr prog ogrram amme med d • Settin Setting g the the swi switch tches es or rew rewiri iring ng cir circui cuitt boar boards ds to define the new program • Re Requ quir ired ed a gre greaat de deal of tim timee • Prone to errors
First significant aspect of stored-program computer architecture • Allo Allows ws pr prog ogra rams ms to be ea easi sily ly st stor ored ed an and d loaded into the machine (processor) from the main memory • Same Same se sett of of con contr trol ol si sign gnal al (s (s)) for for th thee instructions and data fetch
von Neumann’s Stored-program computer architecture • Once Once a pro progr gram am ha hass bee been n dev devel elop oped ed an and d debugged, the numbers that represent its instructions can be written out onto a storage device, allowing the program to be loaded back into (main) memory at some point in the future
Second aspect of the stored-program abstraction • Pe Perh rhap apss eve even n mor moree sig signi nifi fica cant nt th than an fi firs rstt • Allo Allows ws pro progr gram amss to tre treat at the thems msel elves ves or oth other er programs as data
modifying programs • Prog Progra rams ms tha thatt trea treatt them themse selv lves es as as data data can can als also o function as the self-modifyi self-modifying ng programs
Use of self-modifying codes • Have Have bec becom omee muc much h les lesss comm common on in in more more-modern machines • May May not not be ne need eded ed du duee to to the the po powe werf rful ul instruction set in the new machines • Chan Changi ging ng the the pro progr gram am dur durin ing g exec execut utio ion n make makess it harder to debug
von Neumann’s architecture Self-modifying codes • Feature not Re Req quired • Co Com mpu pute ters rs ha have ve be beco come me fa fast ster er • Ea Ease se o off prog progra ram m impl implem emen enta tati tion on and and deb debug uggi ging ng has become more important than the performance improvements achievable in most earlier programming cases in which selfmodifying codes were used
Stored-program computer architecture • The The store storedd-pr prog ogra ram m abstr abstrac acti tion on (rep (repre rese sent ntin ing g instructions as numbers stored in memory) ─ A major breakthrough in early computer architecture
von Neumann Stored-program computer architecture • Almo Almost st mo most st co comp mput uter erss in in use use to toda day y ─ stored-program computers • Th They ey re repr pres esen entt pro progr gram amss as as num numbe bers rs th that at are stored in the same address space as data in case of von Neumann architecture
von Neumann’s stored-program computer memory architecture • In the the pro progr gram am ins instr truc ucti tion onss and and data data are are sto store red d in the main memory units without distinguishing these words (bytes) from one another
An aspect of Harvard Machine architecture • Allo Allows ws pr prog ogra rams ms to be be sep separ arat atel ely y sto store red d and and loaded into the machine (processor) from the program memory and data from data memory • The The set set of co cont ntro roll sign signal al (s) (s) di diff ffer eren entt for for the the instructions and data fetches
Few aspects of Harvard Machine architecture • Enab Enable less sin singl glee ins instr truc ucti tion on op oper erat atin ing g on on multiple data (SIMD) • Al Allo lows ws pr prog ogra rams ms to be se sepa para rate tely ly st stor ored ed and loaded into the machine (processor) from the read only program memory while data from data read and write memory • Th Thee set set of co cont ntro roll sign signal al (s) (s) di diff ffer eren entt for for the the instructions and data fetches
Meaning of Program • Programmer’s view ─ sequences of instructions that tell the computer what operations to do do • The The co comp mput uter er's 's vi view ew of th thee in inst stru ruct ctio ions ns th that at make up a given program ─ often very different from the program writer's view
Meanin Mea ning g of Pro Progra gram m to the the comp compute uterr • Prog Progra ram m mad madee up up of of a se sequ quen ence ce of nu numb mber erss that represent individual operations. • Thes Thesee op oper erat atiion onss kn know own n as machine instructions or just instructions
Computer's view it as MACHINE INSTRUCTIONS • Assume Pr Program y = i * * 4 (i) Move bits from address of i into A register [A ≡ i] (ii) Move A register into B register [B ≡ i]
We learnt • Stored pr program co concept ─ ─ store instruction and data in main memory before execution • vo von n Neu Neuma mann nn sto store redd-pr prog ogra ram m arc archi hite tect ctur uree stores instruction and data in main memory without distinguishing them from one another • St Stor oree ins instr truct uctio ion n and and da data ta in mai main n mem memor ory y at the same address space
We learnt • Harvar Harvard d arc archit hitect ecture ure pro progra gram m st store oress ins instr truct uction ion and data in different memory with distinguishing them from one another • Store Store ins instru tructi ction on and dat dataa in in diff differe erent nt mem memory ory at the different address spaces
We learnt • Me Mean anin ing g of Pr Prog ogra ram m To th thee prog progrram amme mer r • Me Mean anin ing g of of Pro Progr gram am To th thee com compu pute ter r
