Usavr Avanje Nastavnika Do Aktivnog u 269 Enja u 269 Enika

iI13Aasa4: MI-1HI-1CTapCTBO npocBjeTe 1-1 KyAType Peny6AI-1Ke CpnCKe Peny6MllfKH neAarOWKH 3aBOA MI-1AOWa 061-1AI-1ha 39, 6afM AYKa TeA/CDaKC: 0511 430-110 3a 1II3AClBCl4Cl: MHI\OW MMHHIIHli, AHpeKTop

rMBHI-1

1-1 OArOBOPHI-1 ypeAHI-1K: MHI\OW MHI\HH"fHli, npocp.

YpeAHI-1K: 60Cl1fbKa CnpeMo

PeAaKLll-1ja: MapKo fajHli neTap f)aKoBHli 30paH ErHli AaHI11..\a KpYHI1Ji )l(efbKo nOTKOtbaK 60CI1fbKa CnpeMo 6opl1c 4eKpAI1ja npeAOM 1-1 AI-13ajH KOpl-1L1a: AapKo CI1MYPAHJi lliTaMna: nnrn "KoMecrpacpI1Ka" 6atbal\YKa

AeKTop: 60cHfbKa CnpeMo

3a wTaMnapvliY: 3BOHKO CaBI1Ji,Al1nl\. npaBHI1K

KopeKTop: MOMHP l\aKHli

TI-1PCl)K: 1500 npl1MjepaKCl

CDIIIHaHClIIpa MlIIHlIICT5PCTBO npocBjeTe III KyAType Peny61\lIIKe CpncKe cpeAcTBlIIMa rpaHT5 CBjeTcKe 65HKe, watbe HaCTaBe y OCHOBHlIIM WKOAaMa.

peu

06pa30Batbe 3a no6olb-

PjeWetbeM YnpaBe 35 lIIHAlIIPeKTHO OnOpe3l11Batbe 6poj: YO 21-06-05-482/05 OA 21. 06. 2005. rOAlIIHe 360PHlIIK paAOBa YcaspWaB5tbeM H5CT5SHlIIKa AO 5KTlIIBHor Y4etba Y'1eHlIIK5 oCAo6oTjeH ie nAanCltb5 nope35 H5 npOMeT.

YCf\BPWf\BAtbEM Hf\CTABHI1Kf\ AO f\KTI1BHOrLY'-lEt-bf\ Y'-IEHVlKA ~

CA,ll,PlKAJ

I1pep,roBOp ........................................................................................................

9

YBO,Il, ................................................................................................................ 11

TEME Mp I1epo CrracojeBlIh: Haj6l1THHja rrHTaI-ha HaCTaBHe rrpaKce OCHOBrrlIX IllKOJIa y KOjOj je rrpoIJ,ec yqefha YCMjepeH Ha glijeTe ...................... 25 I1pocp. gp ,IJ,paro EpaHKoBIIfi: AKTIIBHo-IIHTepaKTIIBHo yqefheIllMHHKa lIJIli CYIllTHHcKe rrpoMjeHe y o6pa30BafhY ......................... 43 ,IJ,p ,IJ,paroJhy6 KpHeTa: KOMYHHKaIJ,IIjcKa KOMrreTeHTHOCT Kao IJ,IIJh o6pa30Bafha II rrpeTrrocTaBKa lIHTepaKTlIBHor yqefha ........................................... 49 I1po¢. gp MnJIe HJIlIh: I1JIaHIIpafhe II rrplIrrpeMafhe e¢lIKacHe HaCTaBe .............................. 72 Mp I1eTap 'BaKoBIIfi: Y JIora HaCTaBHIIKa y CTBapa.H:.Y rrOBOJhHe KJIliMe y pa3pegy .......... 86 MapKo rajIIh: EBaJIyaIJ,IIja ,n;IIgaKTlIqKe ecpliKacHocTII qaca IIHTepaKTIIBHe HaCTaBe ..................................................................... 103

MOUEJIH P A,l1,llOHIIUA HJIHja BHgOBlIh: I1HTepaKTIIBHo yqefhe y rrpo6JIeMcKoj HaCTaBli ............................ 121 EOCHJhKa CnpeMo: Yqefhe rryreM oTKpIIfia ..................................................................... 125 CHe)KaHa 'B0P:geBlIh: OCBPT Ha HOBH HIII1 3a eHrJIeCKlI je3IIK CKIIIJ,a rrplinpeMe 3a "lac ................................................................... 130 UP UparoJhy6 KpHeTa, Mp 'Bopi)e HlIjeMqeBlIh: Cu;elmplio rrlICMeHe nplIrrpeMe 3a o6pa,n;y HaCTaBHe jeglIHIIIJ,e lI3 IIcTopnje ......................................................................... 135 ,IJ,aHlIU;a KpYHlIh: MogeJI IIHTepaKTIIBHe pa,n;lfOHlIu;e y HaCTaBII reorpacplije ............. 139 EIIJhaHa BYKqeBUh, 30paH Ernh: Pa,n;lIoHlIu;a lI3 JIliKOBHe KyJIType ..................................................... 146

5

UejaR KpYHUh: HHTepaKTHBHc MCTo,u;e Y HaCTaBH CPH3I1KC Kon:u;crrTyaJIHO MaIIHpaH:.C ................................................................. 170

UaJIH60pKa UaBH.n:OBHh: Er3eMIIJIapHa HaCTaBa y HaCTaBH rpaMaTHKe ................................. Jby6HI~a CHMHh: I1p06JIeMCKa HaCTaBa (ileTap KO'IHh, Kp03 Mamy) .................... MHJIeBa BajHh: KoorrepaTHBHo yqeH:.e y HaCTaBH reorpacpHje ............................... IIHTepaKTHBHo yqeH:.e y CTBapaJIaqKoj HaCTaBH ...........................

MHJIaH MaJIHJ;Ia: IIpHMjcHa HHTepaKTHBRor Mo.n:eJIa Y'-IeH:.a y HaCTaBH CPH3HKC IIrfTcpaKTHBHo Y'leH:.c y cHCTCMaTlI3an;HjH 3HaH:.a ......................... 173

MapHn;a MI1rpOBI1h: I1pI1rrpeMa 3a HacTaBHY je,u;I1HI1n;y
Mp naHHJIO B. BjeJIorpJIHh: IIRTepaKTHBRo yqcH:.e Y CTBapaJIa'lKoj H npo6JICMcKoj HaCTaBH 6I1oJIornje .................................................... 177

CH:.e)Kana 2K YIIJbaHI1H: I1pHrrpeMa 3a HacTaBHY je;O;HHHn;y 2KoP)K BH3e, "KapMeR" ................................................................... 229 CJIal)eHKa MIDbHh: I1pHrreMa 3a HacTaBHY je,n;I1HIrn;y JaqHHa eJI. crpyje ...................... 231

IIJIHjaHa BI1,u;aKoBHh: Mo.n:cJI I1HTCpaKTHBHor pa.n:a y RaCTaBH My3H'lKe KyJIType .......... 153 BOpHC qeKpJIHja: HacTaBa MaTeMaTUKe pa3JIU'IFITUX HUBoa CJIO)KeROCTU ................ 156

np nymaR Cn. IIJIHh: I1pahcH:.e, npo~eHa H Bpc,n;HoBaH:.e ecpeKaTa CPH3HqKOr BaCnHTaH:.a Y'leHHKa ........................................................ 181

IIPHMJEPH 1I3 IIP AKCE

218 221 222 225

MJIa,u;eHKa I1ejHh: Pa,n;noRHn;a y HaCTaml XeMI1je - ETeH .............................................. 233

nHjaHa rJIaMOqaK: Mo,u;cJI ~eJIo,n;HeBRor pa.n:a y npBoM pa3pe.n:y - rOBop H KH:.IDKeBHOCT 3a roe:u;y .. , ................................................... 191

EpHKa I1;BHjHh: KoorrepaTHBHe MeTo,n;e (Mo3aHK- MCTo,n;aF y naCTaBH 6HOJIOrnje - KopHjeH ...................................................... 235 HHTepaKTHBHo yqeH:.c y Cr3eMIIJIapHoj HaCTaBH - I1aYKOJIHKH 3rJIaBKapH .............................. ;..................................... 240

nHjaHa rJIaMO'laK: Mop;cJI ujCJIOp;HCBHor pa;o;a y npBOM pa3pcp;y - aKTUBROCTH KOrRHTHBHOr pa3Boja ............................................... 193

HHRa OpaIIiqaHHR: HRTepaKTHBRo yqeH:.e y er3eMIIJIapHoj HacTaBH - Pa3HoBpcHOCT HRceKaTa ................................................................. 244

CaBIln;a J aH:.Hh: Mo;o;eJI pa;o;a y no;o;pyqje CrropT, pHTMHKa, My3HKa ........................ 195 CaBHn;a J aH:.Hh: Mop;eJI pap;a y nop;pyqjy Moja OKOJIHRa ........................................... 197 IIRTepaKTHBHH pap; y HaCTaBH cprrcKor je3HKa ............................... 199 BOCHJbKa Pal)eH: BJIYMoBa TaKcoHoMHja y HaCTaBU cpncKor je3HKa ......................... 202 JbI1JbaRa rajHfi: MeTo;o;a pjeruaBaH:.a rrpo6JIeMa y RaCTaBH cpncKor je3HKa ........... 204 IIHTepaKTHBRo YTIeH:.e pa;O;HOHHn;a Hal)H rperuKy ....................... 207 I1pHrrpcMa 3a RacTaBRY jCP;HRHD;y Y3Bu'IFIe pC'IeRHn;C .................. 208 nparnn;a J OBHfi: HacTaBa pa3JIH'lIITI1X RHBoa CJIO)KCROCTIl ...................................... 210 3aropKa TPHBHfi: I:iHTcpaKTHBHo Y'lefbe y CTBapaJIa'lKoj HaCTaBH (JIOKaTHB) .......... 213 MCTop;a rpynHor UCTpa)KHBaH:.a Y HaCTaBH cpncKor je3HKa ......... 216

6

7

ITPE,lJ;rOBOP

I1poMjeHe y 06Pa30BaI-hY 6MllO Kojer )1,PYUITB8 He MO)!{eMO nOCM8TpaTH He3aBHCHO Oil nocTojener eKOHOMCKor, couMjallHOr, 11011MTMqKOr, KYllTypHor H ilYXOBHor KOHTeKCTa. 06pa30BaJ-be je, il8Klle, ilHO r.ljellHHe ilpYllTBeHMX O,UHoca y KojMMa ce oCTBapyje KOHTHHyHTeT C rrpeTXOilHMM reHepauHjaMa H Oilp)!{aBa CTallHOCT npoMjeHa H pa3Boja. MeljyrHM, 06pa30Bal-be HeMa caMO COuMjallHY
9

MIIIIIJhClha? IloeHTa je, ,UaKJIe, y acpHpMHCalhY WKOJIe MHWJhelha, a He naMnelha rOTOBHX 'nilheHH~a Koje He 3Haqe MHOro Y AYXOBHOM cBHjeTy yqeHHKa. CHHTarMa aKmu(JllO Y'IefbeiT{Qcmaea YKa3yje Ha jeAHHcTBO npo~eca yqelha H HaCTaBe, lhHXOBY MeljY3aBHCHOCT H KOMl1JleMeHTapHOCT. IJ;HjeJIH rrpo~ec 06pa30Balha OB,Uje ce nOCMaTpa Kao 06JIHK rre,UaroIIIKe KOMYHHKa~Hje H3Meljy HaCTaBHHKa H yqeHHKa. OBaj KOHTeKCT HcrrOCTaBJha KJhyqHO rrHTalhe: KaKO opzaHU30eamu pao UlKOJle oa Y'IeHUK Y fbOj 6yoe Y Hajeelioj Mjepu aKmueaH? YqeHHK ce rrOCMaTpa Kao aKTHBaH cy6jeKT HaCTaBHOr npo~eca, a~eHaT je Ha npO)J(HMalbY yqelha H pa3BHTKa CIIoco6HOCTH yqeHHKa, KaO H Ha YCBajalbY 3Halha C pa3YMI1jeBalheM - WTO je OCHOBHa npeTnOCTaBKa lhHXOBe I1pHMjeHe y HOBHM CHTya~HjaMa H )J(HBOTy YOIIIIITe. IJ;HJh aKTHBHe WKOJIe je Pa3BOj JmqHOCTH H HH,UHBH,llyallHOCTH CBaKor yqeHI1Ka, a He caMO CTM~alhe 3Halba 113 nojeAHHHx WKOJICKHX npe,UMeTa. HaCTaBHHK je opraHmaTOp HaCTaBe C HarJIaWeHOM MOTHB~HOHOM YJIOrOM, YJIOroM napTHepa y acpeKTHBHoj HHTepaK~HjH H peryJIaTOpa CO~HjaJIHHX O,UHoca y pa3pe,ny Kao rpYI1H. OBaj HaqHH pa,na ,UOIIPHHOCH rr060JhWalhY KBaJIHTeTa HaCTaBe H yqelha (60JhH KBaJIHTeT KOMYHHKa~Hje H3Meljy HaCTaBHHKa H yqeHHKa, Kao H Meljy caMHM yqeHH~HMa; CTH~alhe TpajrlHX H OI1WTCnpHMjeHJhHBHX 3Halha, ocnOC06JhaBalhe yqeHHKa 3a HHTeJIeKTyaJIHO ocaMOCTaJhHBalhe H ,Up.). PHjeq je, ,UaKJIe, 0 TOMe ,Ua yqeHH~H He yqe rOTOBa 3Halba, Ben KaKO ce ,UOJIa3H,UO Ca3Halba. YMjecTO ,Ua cy CJIywaO~H H I1pHMaO~H HHcpopMa~ja Koje Tpe6a Yl1aMTHTH H pel1p0,UYKOBaTH, yqeH~H Ha oBaj HaqHH yqe MHCJIHTH. bOPHC KaJIrrn je I1Hcao ,Ua caepl!.M.eua lIacmaea He HacTojIl TOJIHKO ,Ua yqCHH~H YCBoje 3Halba KOJIHKO ,Ua pa3BIIjy KyJIrypy MHIIIJhClba. KaJIHH HCTIfqe ,Ua ~HJh caepeMelle Hacmaee "He cMHje 6HTH YBje)J(6aBalhe naMnelha, Hero pa3BHjalhe MOnH pacyljHBalha H MOnH 3aKJhyqHBalha. IlYKHM yqelheM HanaMeT caKaTH ce yM. MHCJIHTH ce yqH TaKO ,Ua ce pa3BI1je CI10C06HOCT nOCTaBJhalha nHTalba H pjewaBalba 3a,UaTaKa." (KaJIHH, 1982, CTp. 12). Tpe6a CBaKaKO HMaTI! Ha yMy Aa MHWJhelhY He yqH 6HJIO KOjH HaCTaBHH npe,UMeT noje,UHHaqHO, Ben HaCTaBHHK o,UpeljeHor npe,UMeTa. MHOBHpalhe npaKce yqelha H l10yqaBalha Kp03 HOBe YJIore HaCTaBHHKa H yqeHHKa, H I1pecpepHpalhe aKTHBHOCTH yqeHHKa y npo~ecy yqelha, HaJIa3H ce y meMefbY rrpoMjeHa Koje ce O'uBHjajy y 06pa30BalhY. PHjeq je, ,UaKJIe, 0 TOMe Aa ce n060JhIIIa KBaJIHTCT, TpajHocT H rrpHMjeHJhHBOCT 3HaI'ba K~;e yqeHH~H CTHqy y IIIKOJIH.

YBO,IJ; Y OBOM 360PHHKY I1pe,UCTaBJha ce npo~ec npaKTwme peaJIl13a~l1je 11 HMnJIeMeHTa~Hje H,Ueja rrpojeKTa "Ycaepmaealbl!.M. lIacmaellUKtl ()o aKmUeHOZ

IlpojeKaT je Tpajao OA MapTa 2003. AO oKTo6apa 2004. rO,UHHe, a CPHI-laHCHpaH je rpaHToM CBjeTcKe 6aHKe, fIl(Y - 06pa30Balhe 3a rr060Jhwalhe HaCTaBe y OCHOBHHM WKOJIaMa H Ao.z:tieJIY rpaliTOBa HHCTI1Ty~HjaMa 3a 06YKY HaCTaBHHKa y rrpojeKTy «
Y'lelba Y'leIlUl{(l".

cpe,UcTBHMa 3aBo,Ua.

1. Ca)J(cTH OIIHC rrpojcKTa: CTpyqHO ycaBpillaBalhe HaCTaBHHKa jeAHo je OA nOApyqja pa,na KojeM Peny6JIHqKH ne,UarOWKH 3aBO,U, y OKBHPY CBOjHX MOrynHOCTH, nocBenyje 3HaQajuy na)J(lhY· OBHM npojeKToM )J(eJheJIH CMO ,Ua llYTeM o,UroBapajyne aKTHBHOCTH CBe HaCTaBHI1Ke OCHOBHI1X IIIKOJIa ocrroco6HMO 3a npHMjeHY aKTHBHI1X 06JIHKa yqelha C KpajlhHM UI1JheM nOBenalha H fbHXOBHX H yqeHH'IKUX

-

KOMlleTeH~l1ja.

_

IlpojeKToM je o6yxsatieHa o6YKa HaCTaBHI1Ka 113 20 OCHOBHHX IIIKona y

npouecy fmaHHpalha, IIpHMjeHe 11 eBaJIyaUHje HHTepaKTIIBHI1X

06JIHKa yqelha.

2. Y IIpojcKaT cy YKJhyqCHe cJhc~elic IDKOJIC: 1. OCHoBHa WKOJIa »IleTap Ko'mn», lliHnpare 2. OCHoBHa WKOJIa »BYK KapaI.mn», Je3epo 3. OCHOBHa WKOJIa »MJIa,neH CTOjaHoBIin», JowaBKa 4. OCHoBHa IIIKOJIa »ileTap Il.B:'eroIII», MaCJIOBape 5. OCHoBHa WKOJIa »JeBpeM CTaHKOBl1n», L[eqaBa 6. OCHoBHa WKOJIa ».L(ocHTej 06pa,noBHn», bnaTHIHla 7. OCHoBHa IIIKona »IleTap Ko'mn», YrO,L\HOBHn 8. OCHoBHa IIIKOJIa »bpaHKOllOIIl1tm, bjenaj~e 9. OCHoBHa WKOJIa »BYK Kapar,mn», bapanH 10. OCHoBHa WKOJIa »BYK Kapar.lI1n», .L(OlhH Bl1ja'laHI1 11. OCHoBHa WKona »Mewa CenHMOBIin», JIHwlha 12. OCHoBHa IIIKOJIa »MI1JIOW IJ,plhaHcKH», ilOTOqaHH 13. OCHOBHa IIIKona »HI1KOJIa MatIKHll», ,lJ,olha IlpeBHja

14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20.

OCHoBHa IIIKOJIa »,necaHKa MaKCI1MOBl1n», PI16HHK OCHOBHa IIIKOJIa »IleTap KOqIin», CI1Tlmua OCHoBHa IIIKOJla »HeMalha BJIaTKoBl1n», lliUIIOBO OCHoBHa IIIKOJIa »Pa,n,e MapJaHa~», CTpojHue OCHoBHa IIIKOJIa »ByK Kapru,ml1», BHTKOBUH OCHOBHa WKOJla »,nocI1Tej 06pa,noBl1n», KHc)!
10

- TpH UHJbHe rpyne (npBa: Y4HTeJbH H HaCTaBHHUH npe.uMeTHe HaCTaBe; .upyra: )lHpeKTOpH, nOMonHHUH )ll1peKTOpa H ne.n.ar03H H Tpena rpyna WKOJICKH Han3opHHuH) HMajy je)lHHCTBeHH UHJb: ja'Ialhe KOMneTeHUHje y l1JlaHHparny, npHMjeHH H eBanyau~jH HHTepaKTHBHHX o6nHKa H MeTo.n.a panu y pe)lOBHoj HaCTaBH. OBHM npojeKToM 06yxBaneHo je: - 105 Y'IHTeJba Kojn pane y KOM6HHoBaHHM o.njeJbeli>HMa, 106 Y'iHTeJba KOjH pane y 'IHCTHM o.njeJbelhHMa, no 20 HaCTaBHHKa 3a CBaKH O)l OCTaJIHX HaCTaBHHX npeJIMeTa (YKynHo 232 HaCTaBHHKa npe)lMeTHe HacTaBe), no 20 .n.HpeKTopa, nOMonHHKa aHpeKTopa H ne)larora, CBH WKonCKH Ha.n.30PHHUI1 y Peny6JIH'iKOM ne.n.aroIllKoM 3aBo.n.y Peny6JIHlce CpncKe. PeaJIH3aUHjoM npojeKTa, li>erOBOM HMnneMeHTuUl1joM y 20 OCHOBHHX WKOJIa 11 .n.HceMHHaUHjoM, )laT je .n:onp11HOC peaJIH3auHjH CTPY4H ycaBpwaBalha HaCTaBHHKa 11 PYKoBO)lHJIaua OCHOBHHX WKona, KaKO \ll1 OHH Ha e<\>HKacaH Ha'IHH MornH YLlecTBoBaTH y npouecy npoM.jeHa Y BacnHTHO06Pa30BHOM cHcTeMY Peny6JIHKe CpncKe. I1pu TOM ce nOJIa3HnO O)l 3Ha4aja KOjH HMa npUMje/{a MemoDa aKinu(3/{e HaCma(3e~Y'leJf>a, KaKO ca acneKTa ocaBpeMelhaBalha HaCTaBe, TaKO H Y norne)lY ocnOC06JbaBalha Y4eHlIKa 3a I1HTeneKryaJrHO OCaMOCTaJbHnalhe. OBaj Ha4HH pana ce 3aCHHBa Ha aOHeKne H3M~jelheHHM ynoraMa HaCTaBHHKa H Y4eHHKa. HaCTaBHHK je OpraIfH3aTOp HaCTaBe C HarnaweHOM MOTHBaUHOHOM YJlOrOM, YJIOrOM napTHepa y a<\>eKTHBHoj HHTepaKUHjH H perynaTopa cOUHjanmlx o.n.Hoca y pa3pe.n.y Kao rpynH. PHje'1. je, y CTBapH, 0 HOBOM npHcTyny yqeHHKY r.nje ce YBa)l(aBajy npeTxo.n.Ha 3Halha, nOTpe6e, cnoco6HOCTH, HHTepeconalha 11 HCKYCTBa caMHX yqeHHKa. Ha TtU HaLIHH ce OMOl'yftyje nOBe3HBalhe HaCTaBe ca )l(HB01'OM H caMHM THM .uOnPHHOCH Ba.rballOj aprYMeHTauHjH Te3e .n.a IllKOJIa HHje caMO npHnpeMa 3a )fCHBOT, IllKOJIa je (H) )1(HBOT caM.

3. PeR.'lI130BRHe RKT8BHOCTII Peny6nWIKH ne)larOIllKH 3aBO)l je, y3 <\>HHaHcHjcKY nOMOn CBjeTcKe 6aHKe, TOKOM 2003/04. H 2004/05. IllKonCKe rO)llme opraHl13oBao H npoBeo cJbe)lene aKTHBHOCTH BC3aHC 3a pcamnal.(Hjy npojcKTa:

1. Ha6aBJbeHa je nOTpe6Ha HHqlOpMaTH'tKa onpeMa 3a ).I;H).I;aKTII'lKH npaKTlmYM, npcMa cnenHcpHKan8jH 8 nJlallY TpomKOBa 113 oYI,ICTa npojcln'a; 2. Ha6aBJbCHa je nOTpe6Ha cTpyqHa J1flTeparypa Y cKJla)lY C fIJlaHOM TpOIl1KOSa 83 6YI,IC'ra upojcKTa; 3. O)lP)I
12

JIHpeKTOpa H IllKOJICKHX Han30pHHKa 3a npaKTH'iHy npHMjeHY MeTO)la aKTHBHOr y'!eH,a y HaCTaBH. OBHM ceMHHapHMa o6YXBaneHo je OKO 500 yqeCHHKa KOjH cy no 3aBpWeTlcy pana nonyHl1JIH jC.n:HHcTBeH YrII1THHK Y KOMC cy MornH H3HHjeTH cBoje BHl)elhe ycnjewHocTH ceMHHapa, )laTH eBeHryaJIHe npHMje)l6e 11 npHje.n:nore 3a 6Y)lyliH paLl. DpeMa oL\ieHH HajBefter 6poja yqeCHHKa CeMI1HapH cy y nOTnyHocTH HcnyHlli1H InHXOBa OqeKHBalha. HCTaIHKaUHja conCTBeHHX HCKYCTaBa, capa)llna H pa3MjeHa HCKYCTaBa; nOTOM ca.n:P)I(aj nporpaMa; CTHualhe HOBHX H npOIllHplmalhe nocTojenHX 3Halha, Kao H InHXOBa npHMjeHJbHBOCT y HaCTaBHOM pany). CaMH ceMHHapH cy npe.n:CTaBJbaJIH MO)leJl aKTHBHor yqelha/HaCTaBe KOjH ce 3aCHHBa Ha KOOnepaTlIBHOM yqelhY - y3 MaKCHMaJIHO aHra)l(OBalhe CBHX Y'leCHHKa. OCHOBHH He)lOCTaTaK 6HO je KpanllW (JpujeMe mpajaR,a ceMuHapa, O.n.HOCHO BeJlUKU 6poj wuj)OpMaljuja Koje je mpe6ClJlo YCBojumu Y jeoHoM oaHy. Ory.n:a npHje)lJI03H .n.a ceMHHapH Tpajy .n.Y)f(e, .n.a ce opraHH3yjy 'iewne H 3a WHpH Kpyr HaCTaBHHKa, a noce6Ho 3a HaCTaBHHKe npe.n.MeTHe HaCTaBe. 1. CeMHHapH 3a IllKOJlCKC Hll)l30PHHKC, TC JlHpCKTOpC 8 nC).I;arore OCHOBHHX Il1KOJla, npeMa DJIaHY aKTHBHOCTH H 6Yl)ery npojeKTa, o.n.p)l(aHlI cy 20. H 21. <\>e6pyapa 2004. ro.n.HHe. Ha ceMHHapy cY peaJIH30BaHe cJbe.n.efte TeMe H pa.n.HoHHue: ITpo<\>. )lP .n;paro EpaHKOBl1n AKTl1BHO 11 HHTepaKTHBHO yqerne -

{{WMHHKa»

lIJIH cyIllTHHcKe

npoMjeHe Y 06pa30Baffiy TIpo<\> . .n.p MlIJIe Hnl1n TInaHl1paIhe H npHnpeMaH:.e aKTHBHe-HHTepaKTHBHe HaCTaBe TIpo<\> . .up HeHa.n. CY3M·· KaKo wKony naMnelha npe06paTHTH y IllKony MHIllJbelha TIpo¢ . .up CBeT03ap MlmHjesHn TIpanelhe H Bpe.n.HoBallie aKTHBHe H HHTepaKTHBHe HaCTaBe TIpo<\> . .up JOBaH CaBHn WKona YCMjepeHa Ha .uHjeTe TIpo<\> . .n.p HeHan CY3Hn CrHMynaTHBHO pa)lIio ORp}')l(elhe

2. CeMHnap 3a naCTllSlIHKe paJpe).l;He If npcllMeTHe lIaCTaBe 06YKa HaCTaBHHKa pa3pe.n.He H npe.n.MeTHe HaCTaBe H3 IllKona o6yxBalieHHX npojeKToM peaJIH30Bana je Ha ceMHHapHMa O.n.P)!
13

.ullCUluUHiHa Kao YCJlOB 3a pa.u IL1H 1(30 pC3YJlTaT pa.ua MeTo.n:e II TeXHHKe Y'IefM (K3KO ce CBe ytJ:n) 11Hl(HBH.n:yanl13amlj3 .n:eMOKpaTHja y p33pe.n:y: UIT3 je TO Ii KaKO ce OCTBapyje

HHTepaKTHBHO yqeI-be nyreM OTKpHna, y aICrHBHOj H3CTaBH, y napoBMMa, rpynH, H noce6Ho, 3HaqajHa na)KI-ba je nOCBeneHa I1HTepaKTHBHOM yqefuy nyreM npHMjeHe CaBpeMCHe TeXHOJIOmje.

npO~ECllOHA~HllPA3BOJHACTABHHKA

rrpHTlpeMalhe 3a HaCTaBY OC3BpCMelbaB3lbe rrpHrrpeM3 3a HaCT3BY OCMHlHJL3Balhe .n:H)J.3KTWIKor MaTepHj
HarrOMCHa: 360r He,n:OCTaTKa Cpe,n:CTaBa 3a rrpoBol)eI-be OBe aKTUBHOCTH, y nYHOM 06HMY, Ha ceMUHap je rr03BaHO 238 HaCTaBHUKa pa3pe,n:He U npe,n:MeTHe HaCTaBe H3 OBHX 20 IIIKOJIa. 3Ha'lajHo je HCTafiH ,n:aje H3 ce~ll1Hap .nOIIIJIO BUIIIe HaCTaBHHKa Hero IIITO HX je 6HJIO rrp~jaBJbeHO. Ha nO'leTKY ceMHHapa, rrpuje pa,n:UOHHqKOr pa,n:a, H3JIO)!(eHe cy 'leTHpu TCMC H TO:

EBAJIY AII,HJA

.lW ,n:paroJby6 KpHCTa KOM)'HHKauujcK3 KOMrreTCHTHOCT Kao UUJb 06P330B3I-ba U npeTIIOCTaBKa UHTCpaKTUBHor yqefua Mp neTap haKOBl1n ilpuMjeHa KoorrepaTUBHHX MCTO,J:(a y HHTepaKTI1BHOM yqClhY Mp nepo CrracojcBHn

06liM pa)J.3

C3MoeBanyawrj3 KpnTepnj)'MH HH)J.HKaTopH MeTo.n:e H TeXHIIKe 33 eBanyaUHjy 1. MOl(emr
8 pa.n:110HHI~a

YqeHHK y cpe,n:rrrmy 06p330BHor npoueca /Haj6UTHl1j3 rrHTaIha Hac-

II. EBanyauuja

TaBHe npaKce ycMjepeHc Ha ,n:HjCTC/ MapKo fajAA, npo
III. OCTane C3I(p)l(aje u IhllXOBY peanl13auHjy rpe6a ITJla-

EBanyau;uja cC ycnjeIIIHOCTI1.

CailpjKaj

JatJ:aJbe KOMrreTeHUHja y ITJlaHllpalbY, rrpHrrpeMalbY H esanyaU11jH HHTepaKTHBHllX 06nHKa H MeTo.n:a paI(a y pe.n:OBHoj HaCTaBH, rrOBe3HBaibe H p33MjeH)' HCKYCTaBa H3Mefjy HaCTaBHHKa. OBaKBHM pailOM ce npolHHpyjy 3Halba 0 aKTHBHOM yqerhY, pa3JIHKaMa H3Mefjy rpailHUHOHanHor H caBpeMeHor rrpHCT)'IIa HaCTaBU, yTH'Ie ce Ha rrpOMjeHe o.n:Hoca H KOMYHHKaUHje H3Mefjy ytJ:eCHHKa HaCTaBHor npoueca, rrpoMjeHe aM6njeHTa 11 KJlHMe y ytJ:HOHHUH. HHTepaKTHBHa HaCTaBa H aKTHBHO yqefhe HaCTaBHe crpaTernje MO,IJ:enH 'JaCOBa HHTepaKTHBHe HaCTaBe H yqefha

KOMYHllKAII,llJA Bep6aJIHa H HeBep6amm KOMYHHKaUIclja

TllM CKll P AJJ: __ $opMnpafhe THMoBa, po.n:HTeJLH H .n:eua Kao tJ:JlaHOBH THMa _:._ Y4:EHllK Y CPE.l1:llIllTY OI>PA30BHOr IlPOIl,ECA _ -rrorpe6e yqeHHKa (KaKo UX camC,IJ:aUI, KaKO nx yo-iiuTH,--.Kaiw HNfl13ann y ~~ o6jeKTHBHO rrocMarpalhe CHHMalhe If rrpanelhe HlITepeCoB3lhayqeHHKa YloLyqelhe yqeHHKa Y Kperrpalhe 06p330BHor rrpoueca

14

-- -

HHpaTH ca BenHM rpyrraMa HaCTBBHHKa (HaCTaBHHUH P33pe.n:He HaCTaBe - tJ:IICTa oJJjeJLelb3; KOM6HHOBaHa oJJjeJLe- 2 pa.n:I10HHue Iha, HaCTaBHUUH rrpe.n:MeTHe HaCTaBe - I(pYlHTBeHa rpyrra rrpe)lMeTa, rrpnpo.n:Ha rpyrra npeI(MeTa) BofjeHH paI( y rpyrru MeTO)J.e He3aBI1CaH pa.n: y rpyrrH jpa)J.a C3MocTanan pa.n: AKTHBHO yqelHtie H rrpHMjeHa CTe'-leHllX 3Halha H HCKycTaBa y mKOJIII IIpoMjeHa O,IJ:HOCa yqeHHK-HacTaBHHK-pOI(HTeJL 13a)J.aUll HaCTaBHll- IIpoMjeHa aM6HjeHTa H KJIHMe y CBojOj Y'IHOHHUH Ome,llHo-ymeI(HH '-IaCOBH Ka P33MjeHa HCI\)'CTaBa C3 HaCTaBHHUHMa y CBOjoj lUKOJIH II H3 .n:pyrllX lHKOJIa ,l.\oK)'MeHTOBafhe H o6jaBJLHB3lhe aKTHBHOCTH CaMoorgelbHBafhe ITpHMjeHa y rrpaKcH Pe3YJITaTH OrgelbHBalbe CBaKor cerMeHTa pa.n:a HaCTaBHHKa (rrpHnpeMafhe, .n:H.n:aKH oujelbH- TWIRH MaTepIIjan H rrpe3eHTaUllja pal(a) 06jaBJLI1Balbe CrpyqHllX pa,IJ:OBa H MaTepHjana 3a pa.n:HOHHUe y rroce6Bafhe HOM IIPHPYl-IHHKY ,l.\OI\),MeHTOB3Ibe (rrpHrrpeMalhe 3a HaCTBBY, OrJIeI(HH qaCOBll, MaTepHjanH, l(HeBHHUH, IIopT$onHa ... ) YcnOCTaBJLaJbe KpHTepnj)'Ma 0 orgelhHBaJbY HaCTaBHHKa H caMoorgeIbHBalhe IToBe3HB3lbe II p33MjeHa 11CKYCTaBa Ome.n:Ho-ymeI(HH'IaCOBH OrgelhHBalhe tie 6HTII II3BpmeHO Ha OCHOBY eBanyaUIIje H YCI10CTaBJLeHllX KpHTepHja 3a rrpatielhe H3BplHeHllX aKTIIBHOCTH

I

15

Mo'[(eJIlt qaCOBa HHTepaKTHBHe HaCTaBe H yqefha (no 1'pH MO.l\ena HacraBHor qaca) npe3eHTOBaHH cy noce6HO 3a CBaKY rpyny HaCTaBHHKa Pa,[(HOIUll.\a CprrCKH je3HK CrpaJmje3HK I1cTopHja ieorpaqmja nHKOBHa KynTypa MY3H'{Ka Kymypa MaTeMaTHKa e BjepoHaYKa Pa1pe'[(Ha HaCTaBa-qUCTa o4ieJbelDa Pmpe'[(Ha HaCTaBa KOM6uHoBaHa o4ieJbelha

illK. Ha,[(30PHHK I1JIuja BH,l(oBHn EOCHJhKa CrrpeMo MOMHP naKHl'i CHe)!{aHa nopijeBHl'i noplje H~eMqeBHl'i ,ll;aHHl.\a KpYHIin ....MHo,[(pm'CaMapUHl'i 30paH ErHl'i I1JIHjaHa BlmaKOBHl'i EOPHC '1eKpJIuja MOMUP Bacul'i MUJIaH MaJIHua ,llvlUKO KaJlHHHl'i ,ll;aHI1JIO EjeJIorpJIul'i nypaij DyxaJIul'i nypaij DyxaJIul'i HOBaK DapaBal.\ .IJ:ylllaH l1JIul'i KpcTaH .IJ:y6paBaJ.\ ,ll;paroJhy6 KpHeTa MapKofajun DeTap naKoBUl'i CTaKa HHKOJIul'i HHHa HUHKoBun

Epoj rrpHCYTHHX HaCTaBHHKa

21 28 ~

18. 9 5 10

20 12 12 15 10

8 18

5

18 18

~

I(UJbaHe rpyrre ceMIlHap cy OL\Hjemme Ha CJbe,[(enH HaqHH:

,L(HPEKTOPI1 WKonA H fIEMr03H Pa'[( ceMHHapa y l\ieJIl1HH 6HO je ,[(HHaMWIaH H TIJIO.l\aH. IIoce6Ha rra:JKfha rrocBel'ieHa je pmMjeHH HCKycTaBa MeDY caMHM ,[(HpeKTopHMa H ne,[(ar03HMa, KaKO 0 H3MHjelheHHM YJIOraMa HaCTaBHHKa H yqeHHKa TaKO H 0 n03HTHBHHM e
WKonCKH HA,lJ;30PHHI(H illKOJICKH Ha,[(30pHHl.\H cy CarJIaCHH y CXBaTalhY no KojeMY ce lhHX,OBa ynora He I1Cl-Ipl1Jhyje caMO y KOHYpOJIHOj
16 17

HACTABHHI»! CeMHHap je peaJIH30BaH Kp03 pa,L(HOHHue Koje cy 6HJIe y
je3HUH (19), MY3HqKa KYJrrypa (15), XeMHja (11), OCHoBe YIH
105 qacosa HaCTase.

3HaqajHa n3)J(J:ha nOCBeneHa je uHJbeBHMa 06pa30BaJ:ha H J:hlIXOBOj

- IIposeJJ;eno je TecTHpafbe nOl\lOny YmnHfIKa 0 npHrvUeHH MeTOJJ;a

peaJIff3auuju y pe,L(OBHoj IIIKOJICKOj npaKCH, Kao U aHaJIU3U cueHapnja qaCOBa paljeHlIX Y .uyxy aKTUBHe HacTaBeiyqeJ:ha.

HHTep3KTHBHe HaCTasc H aKTHSHor Y'leJ:ha, 06yxBaneno je 100 naCTaBHHKa pa3pe,u:He H rrpeJJ;MeTHe HaCTaBe, Koje je I1M3.J10 3a UIUb ,n:a YTBpJJ;H KOJII1KO cy

CBa nHTaJ:ha 0 KojnMaje BoljeH pa3rOBOp 6uJIa cy H3Y3eTHO KopUCHa.

5.

HMIIJIeMeHTa~IIja

eBaJIya~IIja

y npaKcH.

e«peKaTa IIpojeKTa "YcaeptuaaKmueHOZ Y'teTf,a Y'leHUKa" Y HacTaBHoj HpaKcR

H3 H3BjeliITaja 0 rro~jcTVf lliKOJICKI1X Ha,lJ,30pHHKa OCHOBHHM lllKOJlaMa, y 06a [(HKJlyca, MO)l(e Ce SI1,DjeTI1 ,n:a rrocTOjc 6pojHe 3aje.uHrI'IKe KapaKTepHcTHKe

Y
y CTaBOBl1Ma HaCTaBllI1Ka 0 pa3}IWlI1THM rrHTaIbl1Ma rrOBo,u:OM npHMjcHe MeTo.n:a

ceMuHapa no npojeKry, IIIKOJICKH Ha.u3opHuUIl cy TOKOM oKT06pa, HOBeM6pa H .ueueM6pa 2004. nocjeTHJIH 16 OCHOBHlIX IIIKOJIa H3 KojuX cy HaCTaBHUUH,

aKTHBHor Y'lelba - IIITO eKcmmUHTC nOTBpijyjy 11 pe3YJ1T3TH YmnHHKa (0 npHMjeHI1 MeTOna aKTI1SHOr yqelba 3a n3CTaBHlfKC OCHOBHHX HIKOJ1a). YnHTHHK je nonyHIlO 61 HaCTaBHI1K. HajBcnH 6poj fbHX (36) MeTOJJ;e 3KTHBHor Y'IeJ:ha rrpl1Mjen,yje rroBpeMcHo, 14 pe,Zl.OI3HO, a 11 HaCTaSHrn
6alVeM HaCma61lUKa 00

II

HaCTaBHHUH yno3na.1H OCHOBHe KOlIuenTC HHTcpaKTHsneiaKTHBHe naCTaBe H yqeJ:ha If KOJIHKO ycrrjelIIHo npHMjCJ:hyjy Te KOHlleme

rre.uar03H H .uHpeKTopH npHcycTBOBaJIH ceMHHapHMa. L(HJb OBlIX nocjeTa 6HO je CTHn:aJ:he ysu.ua y npuxBaneHocT n.ueja npojeKTa ca acrreKTa peaJIH3au:Hje aKryeJIHHX nporpaMcKHx ca.up)IH3HqKO BaCnHTaJ:he (20), CTpaHH

18

HajqelIIne cy TO 'IaCOBH cmual-ba HOSHX 3Hafba (32), YTBPDHBa.J:ha (17), rrOTOM Bje)J(6aH,a, 06HaBJb3.J:ha H cHCTeManI3an:Hje (12). MeToJJ;e aKTHBHor yqeJ:ha npHMjefbyjy ce y CBHM HaCTaBHI1M npe.uMeTI1Ma, 3 H3j'IelIIne Ha qaCOBHMa MaTCMaTHKe, cprrCKor je3HKa, Te npHpoilC H .D:pyUlTBa, a H3 'IaCOBHMa eCTeTCKe rpyne npe,L(MeTa HelliTO Man,e. O,L( H3CTaBHHKa npe,n:MeTHe HaCTaBe 3Ha'IajaH 6poj .J:hlIX MeTOJJ;e aKTHBHOr yqeFba npHMjen,yje y HaCTaSH eHrJIeCKOr je3HKa.

Y npl1npeMli H peaJImaL(HjH OBUX 'IaCOBa Meljyc06HO capaljyje BenHH3 HaCTaBHHKa, a Haj'IelIIne je TO capaJJ;J:ha ca IIIKOJ1CKHM neJJ;arorOM. HajBenl1 6poj HaCTaBHI1Ka H3 OCHOBHe IIIKOJIe »,n:OC~lTej 06pa,L(OBHD» H3 bJIaTmlue H OCHOBHe lliKOJIe »JeBpeM CT3HKOBliU» H3 L[e'IaBe rrlilIIy nOTnYHe CueHapl1je, ca CBUM ,L(HJJ;aKTI1'IKO-MeTOJJ;HqKHM eJICMCHTHMa, OCTarm Y HelIITO M3J:hOj MjepH. OHH yrJIaBHOM nocjeilyjy HHTepHC 6HJbCUIKe, JJ;onyrnyjy IfX H cueHapl1je rrl1lIIy nOBpeMeHO .

o

peaKUI1jaMa yqeHHKa Ha OSHM 'I3COSHMa H nOCJmje caMHX 'IaCOBa HaCTaBHHn:H cy ce y CBI1M IIIKOJI3Ma nOXI3aTlHO H3jaUIfbaSaJIH, GBH KOMeHTapH ce y BeJlHKoj MjepH npO)J(HMajy C n03umU6HUM ecpeKmUJIW npUJl1jeHe Memooa -aKmU6UOZ Y'-I£RA, na HX - Y nperJle.D:Y KOjH CJmjeJJ;H - jeJJ;HHCTBeHO H3I-IOCHMO, a Kao npHMjep TOr npmKHM3l-ba HaBOJJ:HMO KOMeHTape IWjH _m- bJIaTHHue:

D--

CY ,L(aJIl1

HaCTaBHHUH

f!osena.J:he MOTHBHcaHOCTH Y"JeHI1Ka 3a paJJ; Ha 'racy

(''y'-leuutfu ce paoy}y G6UM 'rGCG6Ulfta U paOG npuxeama}y G6aj na'lUrt paoa. -PacmepeneHU cy HezamU6HUX m{jella, jep ne Jia lIapeOUo.M 'lacy 006-um'u 1I06Y UlalICy"; "V'iemlljU UCnG.fbaeajy ecny aKmU6110cm, caJvlQ- -UI1U11ujamU6Y, 3a0060.fbCmeO, paoocm, JlCCfbY oa ce 1(00 Kyhe UJlU cympa y UlKGRU uacma6U C~U'£OlI pao", "o6a) Ha'lUll paoa MomueuUfC u aKmu6upa C6e Y'iemIKe, QcejeJ/caea Hacmaey U 'iWiU je uumepecaumllOM u UaCmaGllUhY u y'lellury");

19

o

o o

eTpY4HOM, H3BOPHOM 11 MeTO)J,114KOM JIHTeparypOM;

("Y'leJ/Ulfu ca ooywee.fbeJ-belvt npuxeamajy oeaj IWt{UH paoa, ceu ce YlUbY'-lyjy, opy:JlCe ce u lvte~yco6l1o capa~yjy"; "lie ocje/za ce 3aktOp KOO Y'-lellUKa", "y'lellUK 191a MOZY/zllocm oa ucmpa:JJcyje, lvtUCJIU, nocmae.iba numalua");

U30amu lvtemOOww aKI11Uelie lIacma(le 3a cee o6Jlacl11u; ny6J1wweamu 36upKe cl1eliapuja 3a '-lacoee aKm11.6ltoZ Y'-lelna; ny6JLUKOeamu "6ep3e 11.oeja" Koje 6u OJLaKUlw/e pa
o

Bal:be HaCTamlHKa o)J,Bl1ja Kao CTaJIaH rrpOlJ,ec;

nO
c HLlCmaeJIUKoMje lIenocpeOf/uja".. .j;

YKJbytIliBaFbe y pa)J, Ha 'lacy li OHliX yqeHHKa KOjli cy nplije Tora 6mm nOOOJbaIbe KBaJmTeTa HaCTaBe (nOBe3I1Bal:be HacraBe ca )KI1BOTOM -

eiJ,YKoBaTH

CTHlJ,al:be TpajlIHx H onurrerrpHMjell.JbI1BI1X

IIlKOJIa;

"noeeSUealbe lweux caopwaja c IlpemXOOJlUM 3l1al1Yelvt u UO::YCI11eOM caMUX Y'leHUKLl"; "eeha je /vtOzyrllwcm aa ce 3J1alba cme'-lella lILl Oeu.l1 ljQcoeWlW npu.l1jeJuyjy y C(laKOONeeHOM ;)ICueomy"; "ojelja 6P30, Kp03 uzpy U c htalne HLlnopa ca(lJlaoa(lajy HaCma(lHe caop:JICaje", "t{acoeu cy

Bpe)J,HOBarH

y

OCl1uUUbeHuju";

HOCTli Hanpe)J,oBaIha HaCTaBHMKa.

KOpeJIalJ,Hja

I13Me1)y

CPO)J,HI1X

ca)J,p)Kaja

pa3JII1'1l1TliX

HaCTaBHHKe

npe)J,MeTHe

n CTHMYJ1l1CaTH )l,O)J,aTHO

HaCTaBe OCHOBHe

n

cpe)J,l:bHX

aHfIDKOBafbe HaCTaBHHI
CBe OOJlHKe cTpyqHOr ycaBplllaBalf,a ¢OPMMH30BaTH )J,o)JjeJbHBalf,eM cepTH¢HKaTa (rroTBp)J,a, YBjepel:ba II CJI.); KOHTeKcTY npoJVljeHa 3aKOHCKe peryJIaTHBe npelJ,H3HpaTll Moryn-

HaCTaBHliX

nO)J,CTm~afue Pa3HOBPCHOCTH rrpoBjepe Y'leHH'IKl1X 3Hal:ba H )J,p.

HajBenH 6poj HaCTaBHHKa CMa11Ja )J,a je capa)J,l:ba ca lllK())1CKI1M Ha,n:30PHH-

"eeOMa oo6pa, '-lecma U ycnjeUllia", "Jla 3aeU
o o

ypa~eHoz;

c::: e)J,YKoBaTH HaCTaBHI1Ke rrpBor pa3pe)J,a OCHOBHHX lllKOJ1a;

lJ,l1Ma 3a)J,oBOJbaBajyna, a rrpHcYTHe cy H cJbe)J,ene npoqjeHe OBe capa,n:fue:

o o o

25 Y'-leNUKa liajeuUle);

M3Mel)y caMliX YIIeHMKa

rrpe)J,MeTa;

o

CMaIhlinI 6poj Y'lCHHKa y o)JjeJbefuY (lia

OOJ],!:! KBaJIMTeT KOMYH!:!KalJ,lije H3Me1)y HaCTaBHHKa H YtIeHHKa, Kao !:!

Mal:be aKTHBHH HJII1 cy crroprrje Hanpe)J,OBMH;

o

n

qelllne opraHH30BaTH ceMlfHape - o6e36lfje)J,IITlf IJ,a ce CTpYLlHO ycaBpllla-

pa:Wlijafue KOMYHliKaTMBHl1X cnoco6HOCTli yqeHliKa;

("capaolna

o

onpeMHTI1 lllKOJ!CKe OH6JIMOTeKe JIeKCHKOHHMa, CHlJ,HKJ10nC)J,HjaMa,

rrO)J,CTl1l.(aIhe Mel)YCOOHe Capa)J,fue, TaKMl1t mpCKOr .lJYXa YtIeHHKa M "!:!CTpmI
Huona npuje
6. ,ll.H)J,aKTlr'lKH npaKfUKYM 113 cpe)J,CTaBa rpaHTa H BJIaCTlITI1X cpe)J,CTaBa OrrpeMJbeH je OHOJIHOTC'1KI1 npocTOp 3aBO)J,a O)J,fOBapajynHM HaCTaBHHM cpe)J,CTBI1Ma 11 HH¢OpMaTH'lKOM

JIOllle YCJlOBe y Kojl1Ma ce pa)J,H,

orrpeMOM rrorO)J,HHM H CTHMYJlaTHBHHM 3a nO)J,yqaBaH,e. Taj rrpocTop he Kao

rrpeOOI1MHOCT rrporpaMCKI1X ca)J,p)Kaja,

)J,H)J,aKTH'lKa yqHOHHu;a 6HTH je)J,Ha BpcTa HaCTaBHor lJ,eHTpa oTBopeHor TOKOM

He)J,-OCTaU1K Bpe)J,HOBalha H CTl1MYJIHCatba )J,O)J,aTHor aIlrmI(()Bafua Hac-

IJ,Hjene IllKOJICKe rO)J,HHe, a HCTOBpcMeHo ne HMaTH H ¢YHKl.(IIjy rrOJIYTIOKpeTHof

TaBHHKa,

IJ,lflJ,aKTH'lKOr Ka6HHeTa C BHlllecTpYKoM HaMjeHoM. ll:oca)J,aIIIl:ba lfcKycTBa CBax

He)J,OCTaraK a,n:eKBaTHIIX yI,IOem!Ka,

yqeCHHKa Y peMlf3aQHjl1 OBor I1pojeKTa rrOKa3yjy )J,a je HcorrXO)J,aH )J,aJbH

"liajeehu npo6Jtelvt Muje maj lumo 6u paaHu
HaCTaBaK CBl1X aKTHBHOCTH, IJ,a je KOHTHHylfpaHo ycaBplllaBafue HaCTaSHor Ka)J,pa OCHOBHa rrpeTl10CTaBKa 3;i uRormpaI£e HaCTaBHor pa,n:a Y yqHOHHlJ,lf, a caMHM THM H ITpeTnOCTaBKa KBaJIHTanLfmHx npoMjerra y. o6pa3osal:b y yorrlllTe.

J(a 6u npwljeli_a Memooa aKmueliOZ yttelna 6UJ70 ycnjewlluja lIaCmaellulJu U3liOCe~J6e
o

o

l}.o60~maTHyCJIOBe YKojHMa ce palJ,l1; cMafuHTH OOIIM rrpOrpaMCKI1X ca,n:p)jcaja;

- u-6o.rhe- onpeMH'rn -IIIKOJIC HaCTam-IHM epe)J,cTBI1Ma 11 HaCTaBHHM rrOMaraJlH.l\1a; -

_

r, 6ciBpeMeHHTl1 rroc-rojene yI,l6eI-H:Ke H rrpl1pY'lHHKe 11 YCIUIa)J,HTl1 ax C

7. 36opHlI.K: pa).l,OBa OBaj 300PHHK ca)J,p)KH TeMe pCa.[[in-OBaHe Ha ceMHHapHMa, MaTepHjaJ1 KOjH je KopHlllTeH y TOKY ceMlfHapay pa.iiHOHI1'lKI1M aKTHBHOCTHMa If nplfMjepe H3 rrpaKce - nHCMeHe l1pHrrpeMe rio lCOjli]l..Ja cy HaCTaBHlflJ,lf, 110CJIHjc ceMHHapa, peMlf30BMlf tIaCOBe

Y CBOjHM -inKOJIaMa. Y

He)J,OCTaTKY IJ,pyre )J,ocryITHe JIHTe-

paType )J,06po M())!(e rrocnY)lCHTH HacT_aBHHlJ,IjMa OCHOBHHX lllKOJla 3a BJlaCTI11:Y

HaciaBHI1MrrpOrpaMHMa;

20

21

l1poBjepy KOJUIKO cy CaBJIa,narm OCHOBe KOHu:erITa CaBpeMeHC HaCTaBC H KOJTHKO cy Ol1pc,nnjC.n:,eHH 3a fhIDC

CeMI1HapH

3a

HaCTaBHHKC

OCHOBHrrx

lliKOJra,

CelVnmap

3a

lliKOJTCKe

Ha.L\30pHllKC If CCMIfHap 3a rrC.L\arorc If .L\llpCKTOpe OCHOBHIfX llIKorra, cyrrepBfI3IfjcKe rrocjeTe OCHOBHHM lliKOJTaMa pa,L(H rrpanCH>a pa,'l.a HaCTaBHHKa y rrpl1l\1jCHl1 MCTo,na aKTIfBtfOf Y4Cfba, rrOKa'3all1 cy CBY orrpaB,n,aHOCT PCiUlH3aU:fIjc OBor rrpojC!\Ta.

y

,n;oca,naWI'La HCKYCTBa CBrrx yqCCHHKa CPUlQCQIbCM

HQCmaCllUKa

do

pcamI3aU:l1jl1 rrpojcKTa

QKl71UC/{OZ Y'IC7ba )''iCIIUKa''

"Yca-

rroKa3yjy ,na jc

HCOl1Xo,nan ~l,[lJHI HaCTaBaK CBI1X aKTHBHOCTH, ,na je KOlITI1RYHparm yCllBpUTaBaT1>C HaCTaBHor Ka,n,pa OCHOBHa npcTnocTaBKa 3a HHOBl1pafhC I-JaCTaBHOf pa,na y Y'lHOHHU:I1, a CaMI1M TUM If npCTrrOCTaBKa KB
6pOjHC

eJlCMCHTe

KOjfI

rrocTojenoj HaCTaBJlOj rrpaKCH

cy rrO)J(CJhHH

ca

aCl1CKTa

3ax~ieBa

aKTIIBHe HaCTaBe, TaKO HfI 0 aKTuBHoj HaCTaBH HC MQ)KeMO rOBOprITU YKOJTUKO (oBa) HeMa )'TeMCJbefhe U OCHOB Y HaCTaBU C npe.L\3HaKOM TPa,ll,HI~nOHaTIHa. Tpc6a ,n,aMe IberOBaTU fI acpupMHcaTfI CBe Bpuje,n,HocTu U n03UTIIBHa IICKYCTBa )lOca,n,ailllliC HaCTaBHe npaKce, ,mu HCTOBPCMCHO UMaTU Ha yMy H HCOrrxO,ll,HOCT llieHor

ocaBpeMCfhaBafha

YHal1pc1)fIBalbcM

nOCTojeliux

06HUKa

H

MCTo~a

HaCTaBHor pa,n,a. CBe TO 3axTujeBa ,n,O;:l,aTHO aHfIDKOBafhe HaCTaBHUKa, KaKO aa l1JlaRY rrpurrpCMafha TaKO II Y rrpou;ecy II3BolJCllia HaCTaBe n pC3YJITaTa yKyllHor HaCTaBIfOr pa.::\a.

22

eBaJlyau;njc

TEME

Mp IIcpo CnacojeBHii, llIKOnCKl1 Ha,n,30PHl1K

HAJEHTHHJA nHT AThA HACTABHE nPAKCE OCHOBHHX IIIKOJIA Y KOJOJ JE ITPOD;EC yqEIbA YCMJEPEH HA ,n:HJETE

Pe3UJlie: Pa,n, je rrOCBeneH Y llIKoncKoj rrpaKCl1 MaILe rr03HaToj KOHu:emmjH pa,ua, ll).Ieju 0 nOM}epatby UKtnU61l0CmU WKOJlCKOZ puaa IIU au}eme, ca OCHOBHHM orrpez;jeJbelbeM ,lla ce BHllle yml)KaBa cy6jeKTHBIiTeT Ii IiH,n:l1Bll).IYaJIHOCT Y'leH!1K3, Ii C HaMjepoM ,n:a ce rrOCTHrHe BenH aKTHBHTeT yqeHHKa y lllKOJICKOM paJW II, paTj'MHje ce, 60JbH e
YBO).l,HC HanOMCHC

OCHOBHa IlIKOJ1a H HaCTaBHl1UH y lbOj Mopajy MHo.ro 6p)Ke Aa ce rrpHIIpeMajy 3a CBe H3a30Be HaCTaBHe IIpaKCe y 21. Bl1jeKY, jep HOBo.BjeKo.BHH nyroKa3H cy Ben ymaBHo.M II03HaTH H IIPOUec MOAepHll3auI1ie llIKo.JIe, jeAHo.cTaBHo. pe'leHO, HHje milne Moryne 3aYCTaBHTl1. PHje'l je 0 peBonYlJ,HjHY CKo.pO CBHM 06JIaCTl1Ma Koje Ae
Y caBpeMeHHjHM cBjeTcKHM KOHlJ,enlJ,HjaMa IlIKone H HaCTaBHOr IJ.aLla. ).I,jcQa cy aKTep" COIICTBeHor pa3Boja H HajB3)KHHjilX eTana HaCTaBHHX aKTl1BHo.CTIT, aKTHBHO Jtienyjy Ha npaBHJIa IT CaLlp)Kaj npo.lJ,eCa H TO je OKBUP

25

KOjH CaCBHM ycrrjel1lHO oMorynyje O.n;rOBapajyne e
;n:a C~

Aoapa, "KSamiTCTHa mKOJI~" 3aCHIma Ha neT OClIOBHHX JbY,llCKHX 1I0TpeoaL IwjuMa ce MO)f(e 3aCHOBam yrrpaBJDafhe H KOHTpOna npOl~eca, "K~mTpoj{a-KBallHTeTa';, rra H MOTHBa KojII rroKpeny aI(flIBHOCTIi Y'Iefha:

1-

-

Ha -

_.

•

..

MHJlep, E. (Bonm MIller): "KQlw ocmeapumu ycnjewaH KOflmaKm ca y'ICHUIIUMO" - npHpY'l~

HHK 3a liaCTaBHHl(C, H3)l.aSaQ: C. XaUHMypaTOBHn, CapajeBcKa TPH6HlIa, CapajcBo, 2001. - 2 Glasser, William, "The Quality School", Harper Colins, New York, 1990.

26

1.

2•

3.

OlicTanaK no,n:pa3YMHjesa oCTBapuBafhe "er3HCTeHlJ,Hje"; 06e36jelju:BaIhe xpaHe, o,rtiene n cHryprmr CKHoHHllITa, UITO npHna,J,a OCHOBHHM rroTpe6aMa 3a rrpC)!(J1BJI,anaT-be HJII1 OITCTaHaK; .JI:.y6UB H npHIIa,!I,albc KojOM ce YKJb)"IYjy TaK03BaHe eCeHIl,l1jallHe rroTpe6e 'IOBjeKa, rroTpe6e BHIller pe):(a, Kao IIITO cy: it)JaBafhe H npHMalhe Jby6aBH", rrO/J,plllKa 11 npHjaTeJbCTBO, YKJbyqeHOCT H nOBe3aHOCT ca CBOjHM oKpy:)!(eFbeM, I1pHXBaneHocT Ii YCl1jeIllaH cOIlJ-tianHH CTaTYC y oKp)')f{en,y, rroTpe6a 3a Ca3HaBaIbeM 0 CBl1jeTY U HHTerpaIl,Hja ca cBHjCTOM CBor oKpY)Kefha; MOll cXBancHa npHje CBcra Kao ycrtiex H rrOCTHfHyne, Kao KOMrrc~ TeHTHOCT H YTHlJ,qjHoCT, Kao "rrpl13HaFbe ,I:(pynrx", CTanHO ycaBpllia~

4.

5.

BaFbe, aKTYeJIHOCT, Kao
Pa3YMrUe ce, OCHOBHa H,n:eja 6H Morna 6HTH H3rpa)J,Iba KBanHTeTHI1X HHTeprrCpCOH3JIHI1X o,n:Hoca, "YKJ1afhafhe cYpaxa" H3 lliKOJIe, pa3BHjafhc rrOHoca H o,n:rOBopHOCTH 3a B1JaCTHTH ycrrjex, HCKopjeIbHBalbe o,n:Hoca y KOjl1M "3a ,n:06po ,n:jeJIO ~ cnHje,n:H HarpMa" a "3a 1JOllle ,rtie1JO - Ka3Ha" ('IeMY je Halla lliKona, HapO'IHTO y npolJ,Ccy Bpe,n:HOBaFba 3Halha )"IeHHKa H o:qjefhHBafha, BeOMa HaKJ10fheHa) Kao O.n;HOC C P y llaB.TToBJbCBoj pe
3 Brad Greene, "HoBe napil.I\nrMe -3a CTBapmLe -I
27

IbMXOBe a,EiCKBa:fHC rrpHMjeHe Ma KOJIMKO OHe 6H.HC caMC no ce6M rrpMBJIa'IHe

jeHe

HJlH OrrpaB,EiaBaJIC UIiJI,CBC Pa3JIWlHTHX "rrpojcKara pC
HMIIJlHKa."UHje Koje yrrynyjy ,Eia nc

MQ)KC O,EiBCCTJil Y ,EiOCTa IIITCTHe CTpaHrryrI1IIC, Kao IIITO cy je,n:HOCTpaHO 11 ReKpHTH'IKO O,Ei6aIII1BalbC "KOPHCHHX l1,n:eja" 360r HC,n:OBOJbHOr pa3YMl1jeBaTha,

Y'lClbC H "caMoocTBapclbe" y 3ajC,EiHHIIH Hapo.na, 6l1TH YCJIOB McljYHapo,nHor pa3YMHjeBaIba H MHpa.

KOHcmaHme, IIITO cy 3a o6pmoeal-be u UiKOllY "plene 0PYUimeo", "YI£el-be 3a pao/~ CTaJIHO

EBporrcKa YHllja jc HaKOH yroBopa y MaCTpl1xry YCBoj.HJIa KOMl1JICKC

HerrpHllpCMJbCHOCTI1 HaCTaBH11Ka 3a rrpl1MjeHY 11 CJI. Y TparaIbY 3a orrIIITccBjCTCK11M TpeH,[(OBHMa y 06pa30BaIbY Y cB11jery mlje Moryne l136jenl1 "OllIIITlf OIamp"

nc Ha Taj Ha'lHH 6111'.11

l13rpa~eH yHyrap ,rtiCJIaniOCTlf YHCCKa,

OECD-a 11 HeKHX CBjCTCKHX I1HCTlfryU11ja CJII1'IHOr rrpo
Mjcpa

HaMHjelbcHHx

npoMjeHaMa y

06Pa30Baroy

KOjc

cy

3aCHOBaHe

y

TaK03BaHHM cry60BHMa 3Halba )l{. ,acJIopa.

OClwellu ullouKamop oeux llOBUX ll,Uibeea o6ptl3oea!ba O'IHrJIC,[(HO je IbHxoBaYClJ1jepellocm Ka fiyoylillocmu,
6p~ 11 e
1I3a30BC 6YJiYllHOCTH, IIITO HC Tpe6a pa3YMjcnl Kao O,n:PHUalbC o.n BJlaCTllTOr JiYXOBHor nopl1jcKJla H .H,L\CHTHTeTa:

rrpocTOpy, I1JII1 Mory 6111'11 JlaKO MO,n:11
(1) HaY'lumu cmull,amu 31ltl1"ba, HJlI1 KaKO je TO KO,Ei Hac Bcn o,n:OManCHO "Y'lelbe Y'lelba", KOjC y CpM Har,'!I1X npoMjeHa H 6p30r "HapaCTaH.a 3HaH.a"

jeKToBafbY 11 y6p3fulC pC
ycMjcpel-Il1 Ha ocsajatbC 3HaIba, yMjCCTO CIIoco6HOCTH ycnjeIIIHor Tparalba 3a

HaKOR ,n:yr01'PajHllx pe

"aYTeHTWlHI1X ,n:p)lmBHMX TBopeBMHa" a MHoro 3ajc,n:Hll'IKOr, 'IHMC HMCY I1CICbY'leHC M .ll:OCJbC,EiHe l1,ncje oqyBalba KYJITypHor M,neHTllTeTa M 3aCHl:!Balba Y'lelba

ptl3eojy 1
Ha KYJIryPHOj .11 ,nYXOBHOj 6aWTlfHH conCTBCHor OKpY)!{Clba.

HaCTaBC 11 ytlelba If BCJIHKH H3a30B 3a HaCTaBHHKC, yqcHI1Ke H fbfIXose PO,n:llTCJbC.

l1H
nOCTaje I-IeMHHOBHOCT 360r 6p3C Hajc3.ne HOBfIX I1H
(2) HaY'lUmu paoumu

o eeponcKoj KOllll,enll,uju npOJfljella Y ofiptl3oea!bY

rrpl1je CBcra 3Ha'll1 npl1MjclbMBaTIf 3HaH.C y


Y TCK 3aIJO'leTOM CTOJbeny 06pa30BaIbe ne HCMHHOBHO 6l1T.I1 nO,Z:(JIO){iliO "m06aJlH3aUl1jl1,,5 Kao "npl1p0,EiHOM" I1CXO,ny nOBe3MBalba H m06aJIIJ.3aUl1jc y

CJlO)!{eHuje u IIIMpC CXBanaIbC pa,Eia, YKJbY'lHBafbC MilillJbCIba M pa.na, nOBe3MBalbC KOHKpeTHor M arrCTpaKTHOr, CBjCCHO npMXBaTaIbC O,EirOBOpHOCTI1 3a

npI1Bpc,n:HHM, eKOHOMCKHM, nOJll1TH'IKI1M, KYJlryPHMM H ,npyrHM c
Mcxo.ne pa.n:a.

"06pmoeaJbe - pU3Hulja 3a YHeCKa 1996. ro,n:MHe, HarOBI1-

)KaK )1,eJWp je y 113Bjemrajy no,Ei Ha3l1BOM

6yoyFlHocm",

mracHpaHoM Ha KOH
(3) HaY'lUmu :JIcuejemu HJlIi I10cTOjaTIf, y CyIIITl:IHH jc Haj6HTHIijM e
21. CTOJbeny "npoMjeHc" y C
HI1M pacyljl1BalbCM npcY3Mc JlH'IHY o,n:roBopHoCT, .na npH TOM caqyBa MeHTaJIHO

CaBJla~I1Balby eBH,EiCHTHI1X cynpoTHOCTI1 "HoBor cBMjcra", 6l1Tl1 o,n: Kanl1TaJIHe

3.npaBJbC Jil HC nOKJlCKHC rrpc,n KOH
O,nHOCM HajrrpMjc Ha ,nponmpje'IHOCT Vlofia.llllOZ u

L\a y lbCMY OI1CTaHC Kao aKTHBaH H o,nrOBOpa:H Y'leCHHK. OBaj ll,HJb y caBpe-

"rpa~aHHH CBJiljcTa" a Ca'IYBaTM ayrcHTJil'IHOCT H

MCHHjHM IIIKOJICKl1M napa.n:JilrMaMa rrosC3aH je C Jby,nCKHM I1oTpe6aMa 3a

jeCTl10 ,Eia nc y

Bp!1jC,EiHOCTlf. To

CC

IlOKilJlIIOZ, HJlI1 KaKO nOCTaTH

Jil,L\eHTJilTeT HaIIHOHaJIHOr, 3aTHM cynpoTHocT· ynueep3allllocmu u UllOU6U-

onCTaHKOM Kao jaKHM ynOPHIIITCM YHyrpaIIIlbl1X MOTHsa 3a IIIKOJlCKIi pa.n: M

oya/lllOcmu, jep nc JIH'lHa caMo6MTHOCTI!eMHHOBH06MTl1 PC,nC
yqelbe.

IIPHJlaro~cHa CXBaTalbHMa H "HCiBOj
rrpoTHBpjC'IHOCT I1CI10JbCHa li3MCljy: mpaoull,uje u 'caepeMeliocmu

(4) HaY'lumu :JIcuejemu 3ajeollo

_ rrocTaje HapO'lI1TO aKrycmiH OKBH'p

UIiJI,CBa y 3CMJbaMa C MYJITIiCTHH'IKOM Ii MYJITHKYJlryPaJIHOM CTpyKrypOM-

omc,Eianc ce y HeMI1HOBHOM rrpJilJraroljaBa.&y npoMjeHaMa; a ,Eia cc rrpH TOMe

CTa:HOBHMIIITBa Ii no.npa3YMl1jesa mrpa,lUhy TOJIepm-ITHOCTH Ha pa3JlUKe-tr-

lJpoMjew/;ueocm u npoM-

I1pIinpCMalbe 3a capa,nlby Ii KoorrcpaTHBHocT y cTBapHHM )!{HBOTHIiM .Cllrya.::-.· Ul1jaMa, rroIIIToBalbe Pa3JIM'IllTOCTlJ. 11 I1o,np)!{aBalbe rrpaBa Ha je,nHaKocT6e3: . 063l1pa Ha pacy, I-IaUMjy, nOJI, eTHIi'lKy HJlM peJll1mjcKY npHna,EiHOcT: :. .

ca'Iysajy Tpa,nHUI10HtL'!HC, HCnpOJIa3HC BpIijc,nH9CTl1.

npYI'a'!HjI1M "npoBjcpaBalLeM", Ha MarlOM Y30P~Y; YMjecTo "~Kynm[ -11 HenoBpllleHHx npojcK3:ra pe
28

Y ,aCJlOPOSHM cTy60Bl1Ma 3HaIba Ha3I1Py cc CBC 6JilTHe Ha3HaKe eepon.CKe ou.lI1el13uje 11 UIiJbeSa o6pa30Balba KOjH cy y CyWTHHIi OCHOBHC TC3e 0 'KBa= JlIiTeTHoj CBPOI1CKOj IIIKOJIH. CaMa CMHTarMa "eepOllcKa ollMelliuja ofipino-

29

salba"

1976. rO,I(HHe y pe30rryun:jH CaBjeTa

)"IHlheHO ,I(a 6n: ce rraUHcpHUHpana eBporrCKa TepHTOpylja y rtieJ!HHH. OBli

eBponcKHX MHHHcTapa 06pa30Balha, y KOjOj cy o6jeJIO,I(alheHe nporpaMcKe

KOH

I1pBH 11)'"1' je Yl101pMje6JbeHa

aKUHje y o6pa1oBalhY, a enn:cTeMOJIOIlIKHje 3aCHOBaHa npn:je CBera Ha 3HaQeH,y

1989. roAliHa HHje 6e3YCJlOBHO .uoHI:!jeJla no6jeIJ:Y lJ:eMOKpaTCKor Mo;C(e-

pHje1{fl "eBponCKa" Kao lheHOM UHBIL1H3aUHjcKoM nopHjeKrry. Ha npBH nome,I(,

,Il;aKJIe,

TO 6H 3HatfHnO reorpacpCKO y-reMeJbelhe Ha npocTOpy "O,I( ATnaHTHKa ,I(O

}la, KaKO je '!eCTO l!3jaBJbHBaHO, Ben je ... "OBaj MO,I(eJI 3aCHOBaH Ha 3aKOHCKllM

Ypana", KaKO ce Haj'Ielline reorpacpCKH ,I(ecpHHHllie eBponCKH npOCTOp, IIITO 6M

rpa.uHUHjaMa Koje cy jow YBHjeK MHHopHe y cBlijery H nOHeKa.u cy npe3peHe qaK YH)'Tap EBpone, ynpKoc 3Ha
BO,I(HnO 6P30M noje,I(HOCTaBJbHBafbY UlJ:eje H IlITO 6u, 6e3 HCTopHjcKe 3HaIJelhCKe KOMnOHeHTe, BO,I(I1JlO y Bpno rrp06JleMaTHtfHe H HejacHe oncepBauuje. nHBHnH3aL(HjcKo 3Ha'ICI:be H YTBpryHBalhe HlJ:eHTHTeTa EBpone, C lheHOM HCTOPHjCKOM H KynrypHoM 6aIIITHHOM, HnaKje MHoro Te:IKe H KOMrrneKcHHje. ilHTalha cy ,T.\a JIH Taj peJIHfIfjcKH H KynrypHH YHHBep3)'M, Onpe,T.\MCneH MHTOBHMa H nereHJJ:aMa H3 lJ:aneKe npOIlIJIOCTH, OIJ: aHTHLIKe rp'IKe IJ:O caBpeMeHHX esponCKHX BH3!1ja, 6pHJbaHTHHM KYJIyYpHHM CTBapanalliTBOM y erroxaMa HanpelJ:HHX nOKpeTa npocBjeUITeJbCTBa, peHecaHce, HenpeBa3HljeHHM TBOpeBHI-JaMa JbYIJ:CKOr YMa y KYITrypH, HaYL(H H TeXHHUH "3peJ1e EBporre", KOjH ra o6mmyjy y HlJ:eHTHTeT, jelJ:HaKO 06YXBaTa H 1parwlHe IJ:IlMeH3Ilje CBIlX KOHCPnHKaTa Il ,I(eCTPYKUHje Ha rrpocTopy EBporre, O,I( KpCTallIKHX paTOBa Kao HpBIlX KonoHHjanHHx aBaHrypa eBporrCKHX HapOlJ:a, IJ:O HaUIlOHaJJHCTH'IKIlX nOlliaCTH ll3 XIX H XX CTOJbena. •

OTBopeH C pecneKTOM npeMa .n:eKTlapaUHjH 0 Jby.uCKHM npaBHMa. ilpeMa TOMe, Kpaj XJIa.unor paTa li 6HnOJIapHOr cBHjeTa fmje yonUITe Kao nOMony HeKor qy.n:a YKJIOHHO panmIJKe H IJ:HKTaTopCKe TeH.ueHUHje.,,7 IIpHje HJIH KacHHje, I1CTH npOl(eC npoMjeHa ne 3aXBaTllTH Hallie .uPYWTBO H Hawy wKony. To je HeMHHOBHOCT "rno6aJIH3a:!IHje", 360r Lfefa je pa3YMHO "He qeKaTH" Ben ,lljeJIOBaTH Y CKJIa.uy ca o6jeKTHBHO MorynllM H nocTojenIIM. ,Il;aKJIe, "OnUlTI1 CTaB 0 norpe6H o6pa:ws3llia Mei}YHapo/J;Hor YCMepclb3 (nOIJ:BYKao II. C.), Koje HacTajc II nocTojII Y rno6anH30BaHoM - CBeTCKOM .upyWTBY -, je .ua CB3Ka 3eMJba BO.uI1 paqyHa 0 cBOjOj cneUHcpWIHOCTI1, . 8 1pa.n:HUHJH H rrOJIHTH'IKOM OKpY:IKefbY" , Te lJ:a Huje Moryne 3aHeMapHTH y-rHL(aje Koje ne 06pa30Balhe y CBHjCry H3BpnIHTH 6p:IKe HJIH crropHje Ha CBe o6pa30BHe CHCTeMe, Ma KOJIHKO OHH 6rmH "3aTBopeHH" H "H3OJIOBaHH" OIJ: cBHjeTa.

YrropelJ:O ca HCTOPHjCKHM pa3BojeM ,I(p:IKaBa H rpa,I(OBa y EBponH ,I(OIlIJIO

BHIJ:JbHBO je lJ:a je Tpajalhe 06aBe3Hor 06pa30Balba .uy:IKe, 60Jbe rrpHJIa-

je ,I(O pa3HOBpCHHX cpparMeHTaUHja, no pa3nH'IHTHM KpllTepHjHMa, Koje cy

roijeHO pa3BojHHM KapaKTepHCTHKaMa H .ua ce paHHje rrOLfHfbe C rrpocpeCHO-

,I(y60KO YKopHjelheHe Il 3a,I(p:IKaHe H lJ:aHaC (eKOHOMCKe, HaUHOHanHe, HJJ:eoJIOIlIKe), TaKO ,I(a "unmezpau,uja Espone" npeocmasa.!ba /fW:HCOa naj6eny

HanHHM ocnOC06JbaBalheM. 3a Hac je noce6Ho 3aUHMJbHB peJIaTHBHO ycrrjeIIIaH

peso/lyu,ujy y ucmopuju csujema.

.n:a 6Il ce TO 06HCTHHHJIO, OCHOBHa npaBHJIa H BPHje.uHOCTH Ha KojHMa cy 3aCHOBaHe H.ueje 0 "je.uHHCTBeHoj EBponIf", npHje CBera cy CJIoOo.ua H lJ:eMOKpaTWfHOCT y CBOM nyHOM 3Ha'IelhY H npaBa !IOBjeKa, rpaljaHl:!Ha, pa3IJ:BajaTbe jaBHor H npHBaTHor, 3anpaBO H3rpa.ulha npaBHIIX .up:IKaBa H ITJIypanIICTII'IKHX IJ:pYWTaBa Koja TO Mory MaTepIIjanH30BaTH .uPYWTBeHOM npaKCOM. Y TaKBOM KOIITeKcry JIaKllIe je pa3YMjeTH II 3Haqaj eBponCKe .n:HMeH3Hje 06pa30Balha Kao TeMeJbHOr OCJIOHL(a npoMjeHa y EBponH, 3anpaBO H3rpa,I(lhe OIJ:HOCa IJOBjeKa H BpeMeHa y IICKOHCKOj nOTpe6H 3a npoMjeHaMa H 1parafbY 3a "HOBHM cBjeTcKHM nopeTKOM" II "60JbHM cBHjeTOM".

E6poncKa OUMell3uja

"rrOJIa3aK y IIIKOrry ca IIIeCT rOIJ:HHa", KaKO je H y BenHHH eBponcKHx 3eMaJba. OCHM TOra 3HaQajHo je lJ:a cy nOCJbelJ:lhHX lJ:eIl,efmja npaBa if rroJIo)Kaj ;:ljeTeTa y cBHjery BH.uHO n060JbUIaHH H YCKJIaljeHH C KOHBeHUHjoM OYH 0 npaBHMa ;:ljeTeTa. IIoce6HO cy HarJ1allIeHe aKUHje npeMa ,Il,jeUH C HeKOM BPCTOM xeHIJ:HKena II HOBHja, onlliTa TeHll:eHUHja je lhHXOBa "HHTerpaIl,Hja" (6oJbe pe'IeHO HHKJIy3Hja) y HHcTHryTJ:Hje Tpa.uHIl,HOHaJIHO HaMHjelheHe TaKo3BaHoj "HopMammj nonyJIaL(HjH". CJI060ll:HO ce Mo)Ke roBOPHTH H 0 YKynHOj 1paHccpopMaL(HjH "cBHjecTH oKpY:IKelha" npeMa .n;jeu,n: C ueKHM o6mfKoM YCKpaneHOCTH. KaKo "YiJHHHTH cBHjeT OOJbHM" H IIIKOJIY BHllie HaKJIOIheHY YiJeHH~HMa? KaKO oCTBapHTH rrpHJIUKe 3a MJla,I(e lJ:a 6H OI-IH OCTBapHJIH n03HTHBHY

1989.

CJIHKY 0 ce6H PI CBOjHM MorynHocTHMa? KaKo rrpHnpeMllTH MJlalJ:e 3a )KHBOT Y

ro,I(IIHe, rrOCJIHje rralla "6epJIHHCKOr 3HlJ:a", npIIBpelJ:HOr H eKOHOMCKor Kpaxa

lJ:eMOKpaTcKHM IJ:PywTBHMa Koja, OCUM cJlo6olJ:e, 3axTHjeBajy H O,I(rOBOpHoCT?

IICTOqHOeBpOncKHX 3eMaJba, Koje cy nOIJ: )'THL(ajeM KOMYHHCTHtfKe IJ:OK1pHHe, YMjecTo "nojeIJ:HHua" H npaBa qOBjeKa, npeHafJIaWaBane "KoneKTHBHTer"H

KaKO o6e36Hje.uHTU "YJIa3aK y uapcTBo palJ:a" H Koja je YJIora IIIKO_lJe? MO)!(e JIH illKOJIa OlJ:roBOPHTU TOj YJI03H? KaKo oMorynllTH caMoocTBapelhe y KOpPlWne-

Ir'

If

npoMjeHa IJ:OJIa3H IJ:O CHa:lKHOr 3aMaxa

.

'

.•

~

:lKHBOT Y 3aJeIJ:HHUH Kao YCJIOB OnCTaHKa, IlITO Je Ha:lKanOCT IJ:OHHJeJ10 yHJ'Tap jY)Kf!OeBpOrrcKor npOCTOpa 1parHIJHe cYKo6e BeJIHKHX pa3Mjepa II BpJI9 Bjepo~ BaTHO C lJ:aneKOCe)KHIIM nOCJbeIJ:HuaMa. HOBH H3a30BH Kao UITO cy "npHXBaTalhe HOBHX reOnOJIHTIIIJKHX rrpQM~­ jeHa" II HOBe BpHjelJ:HOCTH "Iu:rypanHCTHqKe lJ:eMOKpaTHje", caMe no ceOH;He caMO lJ:a HHCY cnpHje'!Hne KpBaBe cYKo6e Ha npocTopy npeTXo.n:He JyrOCJIaBHje, Hero cy .uOHHjeJIe IIIHpelhe HOBor .ueC1pYKTHBHor HaUHOHanH3Ma,' HaCHJba . H ,I(y60KHX no;:ljeJIa Ha nJIaHY CTBapalha HOBor eBporrCKor IJ:pYWTBa H HIJ:<)HTHTeTa. "ilpIIMjep 6HBilie JyroCJIaBHje je ,I(OBOJhaH ,I(a YKIDKe IlITa Tpe6a .n:a 6YIJ:e

30

lhY H KpeaTHBHoj ,I(yXOBHOj npepa,n:u "KyJIyYpHHX lJ:06apa'' H "HcTopHjcKor HaCJbelja" 3a :lKHBOT y MYJITHKYJITYpHPlM 3aje,I(HHuaMa? Kar«) mrpalJ:HTH cBHjecT 0 npHnalJ:HOCTH H HeOIJ:BojHBocTH OIJ: "cBjeTcKor IJ:pYIlITBa", jep je HCYBHille MHOro "rJI06aJIHHX rrp06JIeMa" y KojHMa je "cYIJ:6HHa OrpaHHqeHOr 6 Dominique Bartthe16mu: "AHaJlll3a I
7

HCTo, CTp. 21. Ii 22. 25.

8 HCTo, CTp.

31

6poja JhY,lJ,.l1" rrOCTaJIa "CY,lJ,6IlHa CB.l1X?" Y CKOPO CBIfM 06p330BHHM CHCTe-

O,lJ,HOCl1 11 Ha rrOpO,lJ,HI.(y, y BI1.D.Y rrapTHepcKe n03uuHje IIITO je rro 3HaQeThY

MHMa Y cBHjeTY, rrOCJhe,lJ,IhHX ,lJ,eueHHja If 6mDKe, p33MaTpaHH CY, IL'1H cy Y TOKY

6mHo .upyra4l1je y O,lJ,HOCY Ha KllaCIFlHY nC,lJ,arowKY rrOCTaBKY 0
pefu'1H3aUHje P33JI.l14IfTH MO,UaJIHTeT.l1 pe
BaCrrUTaIha H o6p33oBaIha. Y4cHrrK y OBaKBHM YCJIOBHMa Y n03HlJ,IIjrr je )l,a YBl1jcK pa4YHa Ha rro,UpWKY li 6C3 CTpaXOBallia npUJ1a311 lllKOJlCIGlM aKTUBHOCTllMa, C I.(IIJbCM .D.a 110CTllf'He MaKCHMaJlaH P33BOjHll ycnoH y IllKOJICKOM pa.n.y. HaCTaBHHK npllcTaje Ha Capa.D.lliy rr 6PIDIUbilBO CTBapa YCJIOBe rroTrryHe KoorrepaTUBHOCTH y OKBHPY "UJKOIlCKOZ KOJlCKmUea" Y KOMe puellonpaBllO

Te3e 0 "namoj mKOJ1H OJUIIKC 6YAynnoCTH" CY,lJ,enlf npeMa HaroBHjellTeHHM npoMjeHaMa Y 06p330Batby Ha eBponcKOM rrpOCTOpy, I13BjecHe cy pe
nOCmaBKaMa Mooeplle u KBaJIUmemlle UJKOJle: 1. IllKOlla Mopa 6HTI1 3aCHOBaHa Ha UllmepeCOBalbUMa Y'leIlUKa 3a pao, llTO UMII11HUHpa KpyIIHe rrpoMjeHe Y aKryeJIHoj HacTaBHoj rrpaKCU. ITpuje CBera, Y"leHUUH Kao UIf.D.UBU)l,ye aKTepu cy COrrCTBeHOr p33Boja, rra yqeIhe Mopa 6UTU MaKCHMaJIHO rrpllJIaro1)eHo 3a,lJ,OBOJhaBatby Ih.l1XOB.l1X IIHTepecoBaIha, llJIaHCKOM )l,jeJIOBaIhY Ha rrpupo.uy MOTI1Ba 3a rrpo.uyKTuBaH WKOJICKH pa.n. ,lJ,a 6H yorrllTe 6llJIO ycrrjellHO. HaMeTH)'TU UHJheBH WKOJICKIfX nporpaMa, je.uHOCTaBHO pe"leHO, He Mory 6lfTI1 KOPUCHIf Y YCJIOBUMa P33JIU"ll1TUX crroc06HOCTl1 U rrpHpO)l,e MOTHBa, rra je JIOrH4HO )l,a IIIKOJICKO Y4eIhe Mopa 6HTU 3aCHOBaHO Ha aKTHBuTery Y'IeHHKa U Ha tberOBHM Haj6oJhllM, nperr03HaTHM oco6HHaMa JIll"lHOCTU U fillBOIlMa p33Boja crroco6HOCTU. CaM '1I1H TparaIha 3a crrenu
32

Y'lecmeyjy y'leIlUl~U, llGCmaelluu,u u pooumVbU, c lloOuje.rbellOM OOZOBOPuOUlliy. 3. lllKoJla je 'lepcmo ymCJI1e.rbeHU un ycnjexy ceuf.:OZ nojeoUlw,u, illTO rro)J,pa3YMIIjeBa 3Ha4ajHo 6oJ1"e n03HaSal:be YI.ICHHKa 11 tbCrOBHX Moryl'inocTH, Te KOHCTaHTHe rrocrYI1!(C xpa6pelha H 3aCHImaIhC yqelha Ha ycnjexa", "paJ~OCTH Y'leIha", OTl(pl1Balha, 6Y)J,Hor npal'ielDa aKTyemIOr pa3Boja H YCMjepasal-ba "Ka 30HU 6JllDKCr p33Boja", Ka OCTllapCI-hHMa I
33

6HTH yrpO)l(eHe YKOJIHKO ce O,L\ paHe ,L\0611 He rpa,I(H caCBHM ,I(pyraqHjH O,L(HOC rrpeMa npHpO,[(HHM pecypCHMa Ha Kojmra je 3acrwBaHo
YKlbYQUBaEbe H UapTHu,HnaL\l1ja YQeHHK3 y HaCTaSH, Y CBUM fbenHM q,a3aMa, ,I(OHOCH CYillTHHCKH KBanHTeTHHjc yKynHc cq)CKTe illKOJlCKOr pa,aa. C .n;fI.,naKTHl.J:KOr H MeTO)J)HKOr CTaHOBHUlTa, TO )lOROCn KpYUHe il3a30Be ypel)uBaEba npoueca y KojeM CC y
H tnFIHM WIC), OMeTaI-fH, O,L\HOCHO UlTO cy nOJl, HaL(110HarmOCT, je3HK,

BemfKH 3Hal Iaj y nprmpHTCTHMa 06pa30BaIba 6y.n;ynHocT11, amI rrOCc'be.'Uf~e Koje Ben ca,lla nocToje 360r HeO,llrOBOpnor O,llHOca npeMa npHpO,llH H pecypcHMa rrpHpo.n;e cy Y3HCMHpyjyne I1 He CMHjy OCTam 6e3 oAieKa y norrrei':\Y ,il,pyratmjer

KynT)'pHa HJlU pCmln~iCKa npHna.D,HocT, paca, aKrycmre cnoc06HoCTH H cn.) nocTajy KpajH,e He6HTHe. To HHK3KO HC 3HaqH ..'l:a cc OB3KBHM Mel:Jyc06HIIM O)lHOCH:vra cy6jeK3Ta rrpoL(eca 3aroBapa 11 )lonyillT3

o.n;Hoca aK'repa illKOJICKOr pa,[(a 11 ,[(HpeKTHl-ue O,llr0BOPHOCTH 3a e
HapYillasulbc CTBapHOr Ky.'1TypHor H~1.CHnITeTa. HHTl1 .n;u ce fWal!CKH )ljenyje y

illKonCKor pa)1;a Y OBOj 06nacTH.

CMHCJIY fbcroBe nOTeHl(Hjan3 KOjH

6.

lllKOJTa je MjecTo 3a fbeZ06a1be cmBapallaUlntea, Kao Te3a illKone

H Tp,0HHjnx npoMjeH3

)J,y'XOBHHX

H)JCIITlHCT.

6y'[(yl1HOCTH MO)l(Jla 3acJT)')K)'je ~eIlTpanHO MjeCTo jep je 3aCHHBafbe yqefba Ha HH,il,HBH,il,yaJlHOCTH H nOMjepaIf>e illKonCKe .aKTl1BHOCTH Ha ,lIHjcTe He3aMHcnHBO

KihY'1HUX npeTITOCT3BKH l
6e3 KOHCTaHTlTOr pa3Boja H KopHLUnefba KpeaTHBHHx nOrCH]J,l1jaJIa Y'lCHHKa. TIocTojena illKona He 3aHeMapyje osaj acnCKT illKonCKHX Bpl1je.n;HOCTI1 y uje-

cnopHa, jep BHUle je nero cHrypno ,1il jc c,mpeMcll3 illKOJIa HajnHille Heycnjexa YITpano 360r yrcMC~1>CHoeTH n3 "CBCTOCTH 3Hafba", Ha

mum, anH My npHCT)'na, no cseMY CY)J:cl1u, CnI1TI1CTI1l.J:KU H .n;OCTa Heo.n;roSOPHO,
UKa)J:eMcKoj He)lOKY'lHBOCTH H 3YTopnTapHOCTl1. MaH,e cy eKCITJI03THCaHH rrpHMjepH lUKonCKe npaKee 3aCHOBane lIa "OTnopeHHM npaTHMa 3a CBe", HaKO nocTojc n03HTHSHa HCKYCTBa y TaKBHM ycaMJbeHI1M lUKOJIClCHM aKL(HjaMa. Hailla CaBpCMeHa illKOJra cBoje Be3C ea OKppKeH,CM 3aCHHSa Ha ny)KHOCTH MaHHq,eCTosan,a CBOjHX OnpaBgUBaIb3 )IO,L(HjeJ'beHe ynore, pyT11HCKOj H ITOBPUlHOj 0.n;rOSOpHOCT\1 33 C(pelCTe KOjH ce CaBHM CHrypHO He MOry

U fhUXOBor ycMjepasafha npeMa 6p)l(eM pa3sojy HajjUl.J:HX nOTeHL(l1jana nl1'l-

,L\aneKO BHlliC OA yo6wrajcHHx MalmcpeCTaL(HOHHX cycpeTa H nocjeTa, HaKO ce H

9. IHK(HUl je

omeopella

1(1 C(wje

OKpY:Hceu,e,

je)lHa je O,L\ Je HUjMaJhe

npHrrHcaTH ca~lO lllKOnl1. OTBopeHOCT IIlKOJle npeMa CSOM OKpY)KelbY, HnaK je

HOCTH, pe.n;oBHHM, CBaKO)lHeBHHM illKOnCKl1M pa)J:oM, an11 H .n;o)J:aTHHM aKTl1B-

TO rrO)Ipa3YMHjeBU. To je CYillTHHcKa HCnpCnj1eTeHOcT HHTepeCa 3aje)IHHL(e 3a

HOCTHMa fberOBafba cTBapanaillTsa.

pa3BojHe nOTpe6e ll,jcL(e ylIyTUp illKone, Kao HajnO)Icclmje HHCTuT)'Iurje KOjOM

7.

illKona je MjecTo fbeZ06a!ba 1<.pUmU'l1<.Ol cyljelba U lIOZU'IKOl 3a!
'lU8a1M, Te3a je Koja 3aCJlY)J{yje noce6aH np110pllTeT KOju HHje AHpeKTHo Be3aH

ce nnaHCKH ll,jenyje Ha ycnjeilllmjH pa3soj csaKor ITojc-.n;HHua. Yuyr3p TaKBHX "rrapTHepcKHx O)lHoca" C nopo,[(Hl.\OM H oKpY)KefbCM illKo.:m MO)l(e nOCTaTl1

caMO 3a aKTHBHOCTH "nOYl.J:aBafba", 3a HaCTaBHe aKTl1SHOCTH, KaKO ce ,L\yro

"HajnpHBnaqHl1je,

BjepoBano. HanpOTHB, KOMnneTHa illKonCKa npaKca, o.n; Hajje)lHOCTammjHX

KOHL(eHTpnCaH11 HajMotnmjH J'bYgCI
np11Mjepa 113 CBaKO)J:HeBHHX illKOjlCKHX C11T)'aul1ja .n;o HajcnmKeHHjHX HaCTaBHUX CHT)'aL(Hja Mopajy Bmne 11 yqeCTanHje OHm 3aCHOBaHl1 Ha Bpe,L\HOsafbY 1I "KPHTIflIKOM cyl)efbY" H nportiefbHBafhY eq,eKaTa IIIKonCKHX aKTHSHOCTH. TIocToje H H3~jecHe npe,il,pacy.n;c ,L\U Pa3BOj KPHTl1l.J:KOr MHLU.fbefba HCKJbY'lHBO 3aBl1CH o.n; ycnjexa y HeKliM npe.n;MCTHHM ,L\IICL(lliUIHHaMa Tpa.nI1L(HOHanHe IIIKone y 'leMY HMa .n;OCTa HCTHHe, anl1 KPHTIflIKO cyljefhe 0 nojaBa~m oKo'ce6e je,L\HOCTaBHO je 11 113BaH npe.n;MeTIlOr CI1CTeMa aKa.n;eMCKHX illKonCKHxnporpaMa H rrpOCTO je caCTamm )J:HO csaKo.n;HeBHor rrocTojafba H ll,jenoBafba.y illKOITCKOM .

HajBa)!(}lHje

10. lllKoHa je

1(1

H

Haj3a6aIIHnje

MjecTo"

OKO

Kojer

cy

Kopwuflefbe cJ'w600u(}z Bpe-

.~te1{a nOO,L\aBHO je 3aOOpaB)beHU q,YHKL(nj3 m COllpeam1CTWfKC epe, jep cy je

TeXHO>10UlKH 11 callp:IKajHo Ha.n;MaIIIHJll1 H npocjC
KO~KapCKHM

TeXHOnOrHja YIII,la npT~jc Ha 6aHlC yCJTyra YMjecTo Y illKOJIC. 06YQaBafhe 3a pa'lYHapCKY TeXHOJlorHjy, YMjecTo H3 IllKO"le nOTeK:no je 113 Mpa
KoneKnmy. To He YMafbyje noce6aH yrHL(aj HeKHX npe.n;MeTHHX AHCL(HnniUla

Y KojHMa

Ha Pa3BOj KPHTH'lKOr MHULfbeI:ba, aTm je napa)J:OKC ynpaBo TO BjepoBafbe ):\a_H'i.

Hl1THBHO H3ry6rma, lie Bjepyjyl1H Aa Ta HHepTHOCT 11 OTBapafbe 3a Cn060,L\HO BpHjeMc csOjHX Y'ICHI1Ka, tIeMa caMO o.n;aSHO rr03H3ry MHCHjy "o.n;Bajafba

HeKe KanHTa'1He cq,eKTe illKonCKor pa)la CKCKJIY3HBHO )'THqy .cawi .HeKC H"

"

-

-'

<'"

rrpe,[(MeTHe .n;HCL(HnnHHe a He JCAHHCTBeHO illKOJICKO 3Hafbe H HCKYCTBO .• -

8.

Cnpe.~uIOCnt 3a oujaJlOl, cOJ7u(')apHocm U nOUlmOBalb1? pa:ulu1ui-

mocmu, Kao Te3a 6Hna je O)lysHjeK 3Ha'lajHa 3a yreMC.Jbefbe HaCTaBlfOr. npOL(eca Ha npHHL(HnHMa pamlOnpaBHocTH, Ha OqeKHBafhl1Ma .n;a aKTHBHO

34

ce H,I(e Ha

OnI1CMClba13alba". Taj KopaK illKona je .n;C
MJTa.n;ux o.n; ynHL(e" H IhellHX nory6r-IHx )THu:aja npo.z:o'KOSUHHX y L(IIBHnH3al\HjI1 HOBor .n;o6a, Beh II pa3Bojlry, )IHPCKTHO BC3allY 3a KOHULIHC ecpCKTe BaCnnT3Jba H 06pa30Safba y ujeJlHHH.

35

HajeaJIClluja ynopuUlma MemoiJO/lOzuje npOZPaMa yCMjepelloz Ila iJujeme I1porpaMl1 yCMjepeHl1 Ha ,L\l1jeTe, KaKO je y npeTXO,L\Hoj paCnpaB11 11CTaKHYTO, npWUi'lHO cy pa,L\l1KaJIaH paCKH,D, C npaKCOM ¢POHTaJIHe "cje,L\l1Jla'lKe" 111111 "C11YI11a.nacrKe HaCTaBe" 11 npe11a3aK Ha CTpaTenrje y Koj11Ma je OCHOBH11 YC110B aKT11BHO ,L\l1jeTe YMjecTo aKTl1BHOr HaCTaBHtiIca. bHTHa 06lUbe)Kja OBl1X CTpaTer11ja Ha,L\MaI11yjy CaMO OnI11TY H,L\ejy 0 aKTl1BHOM ycrefhY, pHjecr 0 3HaqajmIM npoMjeHaMa y nporpaMHMa, HacrHHHMa pa,L(a, TeXH0110I11Kl1M ycnoBHMa, I11TO je y npaKCH ,L\OHl1jeno 6pojHe 6apl1jepe Ha Koje ce pacryHaJIO. O,L\ Heo6HcrHor je 3aacraja )],a ce 3a npoMjeae nporpaMCKHX KOau,eml.Hja )],06po H TeMeJbI1TO npllnpeMe Ka)]'pOBCKl1 pecypCI1 11 MaKap Ml1HI1MaJIHI1 TeXHOJIOIllKH YCJIOBI1, jep ce nOHeKa)], I1MnpOBl13au,lIjaMa nOCTill!{y 11 cynpOTHI1 e¢eKTH O,L\ O'leKHBamrx, ,L\OJIa:m )],0 BeJIliKHX HCKYillefha npaKce y nOI'JIe)],y onpe)]'HjeJbeHOCTH 3a npoMjeHc y Hacllmy pa)]'a. Ka)], cy y mrralhY eJle.lftellmapnu yo-weu 3a npUMjellY npOzplMta YCJItjepellux fla iJujeme HajcreI11ne je pHje'l: 0 je)]'HOCTaBHHM npcnopYKaMa H H)],ejaMa, KOjc nCMO HajKpane npHKa3aTH Kao OCIIOBlUl. HaupT, C HajHY)f
36

06aBe3e )],a 6pHHe 0 KynTl1BIICafhY 11 6yljefhY Pa3HOBPCHl1X HHTepeCOBaI-ha 3a HeKH I11KOJICKII pa,L\, jep je HepeaJIHO O"IeKHBaTI1, n03HajynH OIIIllTe KapaKTepl1CTl1Ke pa3Boja II KapaKTeprrCTI1Ke paHor JijeTHfhCTBa, .na ne ce HeKH HHTepeCH rrojaBHTH "caMH 0)], ce6e".

3. MCTOj1,C II OfiJlIlUH pa,L(a, KOjH HajBHI11e o)],pei)yjy npoMjcHc Y HatIHHY palla, npIlJlarol)cHH cy Y3pacTy )ljcuc, a nporpaMcKII 3aXTjcBH nOCTaBJbCHH YSIIjCK Ha BHmc HHBoa TeiKIIHC, jep ce rrpeTnOCTaBJba ,L\a he, nOI11ryjynH HH,L\HBH)l,YaJIHOCT y Pa3BOjy ycreHIIKa, a )],a cc He HapylllH 3aCHOBaHOCT rrpoueca Ha "LlO)KHSJbajy ycnjcxa", )l,jCJIOBaTH HCOMeTaHO Ha CBC 3Ha"IajHe pa3BojHe nOTeHUHjaJIe JijeTeTa. C )l,H,L\aKTH'l:KOr H MeTO,L\HQKOr CTaHOBHI11Ta OB)],e je Ha cueHH Hajpa)]'HKaJIHHjH 3aOKpeT C TaK03BaHHM MeTOAaMa SKTHBHor Y'lClha, aJIII CYlllTHHCKH TO je oMoryheHo H pa3HOBpcHOlllhy 06JlJ1Ka paLla H )],
~HjeTe.

6. IIporpaMH Y'lelha KOjH cy nponHcaUH fiHne ,11,OfipH ca~iO YKOJIHKO noeTimy nporpaMHLljcTcTa·· Y npouecy Y'lClha, nOCTaBKa je Koja HajBIIllle . rOBopu 0 .npIIpo)],H rrpOI.leCa ycrefha H cTBapafhY n03HTHBHe I11KOJlCKe MOT11BaUHje. rIpeMa· ll.D:cjaMa BHfOTcKoI', npe)],I11KOnCKO .nHjeTe ycr:II "rro CBOM np'otpaMY", ,nOKC· iIonaCKOM y illKOJlY )]'HjeTe ycrl1 no npoI'paMY KOjII nouy.nII ycrHTeJb,.na je KJbY"IHa pa3JlHKa ynpaBo Y 113BOPHlllry MOTHBa. Y rrpBoM cny"Iajy OHH cy yHyrapfheI' nopHjCKJIa, a y )],pyroM cy "HaMeTHYTH c nOJba" H . 6lITHOCY "OCJla6JbeHH". 3aTO je CYI11THHCKH HajBa)KHHjII Tpy,L\ ycr:I1TeJba

37

YCMjepeH Ha TO )J,a )J,HjeTe lUKOnCKI:! npOrpaM rrpHXBanr KaO CBOj 11 Ha Taj Ha'1l1H OCl1rypa a,lJ,CKBaTllY MOTtmaUI1OJ:ry OCHOBY IIIKonCKor Y'lCH,a.

TeXHonOlliKa OCROBa HaCTaBHor pa)J,a Mopa 6HTI:! )J,OBOJbHO rrpHBJ13 l lHa H 3aHMMJbl1Ba 3a )1jcuy, KaKO 611 ce oCI1rypana MaKCHMlLl:Ha aKTHBHOCT 11

7. HacTasJUI npOI~ec 3aCHosaH .ie HajBlune nu capaJ\lbll:l If KoonepaTilBIIOM y1.H.'IhY, Ha I1HTerpl1Calll1M YTHuajHMa cOUHjamlor H MaTepHjamIOr oKpY)Kelha. AKTUBUU J~ICIUIK CI1HTan,ra je KOjy HajBmne o)J,peijyje cTaT)'cHa n03HuHja yqeHHKa, KOjH je rrpHje CBera "aKTep corrCTBeHor pa3Boja", nOlUTyjy ce lherOBa I1HTepeCoBalha H Moryl1HocTH, HeMa rrpHCHJb3B3lharra 3KTHBHOCTH, BenHKa rr3)f(fba ycMjepaB3 ce Ha H3j6p)Ke OC3MOCT3JbHB3Ibe, pa3Boj caMOKOHTpOJJ:e H HCTHHCKe O,lJ,roBopHoCTH rrpOlBaUIJ1C lB rrpaBHSl3 H l1'3rpai)cHHx O)J,Hoca y IIIKonCKOM KoneKTHBY. N )];o6ap II noc.TIywau y
ycpe,[(cpci)HnaI-be Ha Il,I1JbeSC YQelha. Ca,'Ip)f{ajH Y'ICfba MOpaJIH 6H )J,06HTlI )J,aneKO ¢neKCH6Hmmjy ¢OPMY y O;c(HOCY Ha IOTaCI1'-IHC WKOJICKe aKa)J,eMCKC nporpaMe IllKOJ1CKOr ytlelha.

"CJlymaJlan:", II<.' lIa Y KJlynn, Ben aKTHB3H O)IHOC I1pCMa PCCypCl1M3 OKpY)KeH,a H cormjammj rpyl1l1. Mel)y rrpI:!OpHTeTHe L(HJbeBe YBHjeK ce CTaBJbajy P33Boj KoorrepanlBHOCTB, BCl1H cryrralb TOJTepam\Hje 3a rrOTpe6e H MHIIL'belba ,':\pynlx, pal!HjH P33BOj O)lrOBopHOCTH 3a corrCTBeHH pap. 8. npllcTyn nJJ:lumpafuY», )Ill. ce IUfallllpajy mKOJICI,C aKnmHOCTH car.rmCHC KapahTCpl1CTlIKal\m )ljcTcTa, Mei)y KojHMaje Haj6HTl"mja "QjCJlOBIn )IOIKl!B.ibaj cBHjcTa", IllTO rOBopH ,lJ,3 J!,jCI(1i He O)J,f'OB3pa rrpC,lJ,MeTHa HnH )J,HCUHrrJ1HH3paHa K.,1aCmpHKar~ttia C3}l.p)Kaja yqelha. CBH aClleKTll pa3Boja MOry ce TpCTBpaTH Kp03 pa,lJ,l-Ie HJ1l1 HrpOBHe IIlKOJ1CKe aKTHBHOCTH, a )J:a He 6y1IY HcnapucnBcaHH H 3TOMH3HpaHI1 Ha CHTHe qeCT¥lUe, Kao IIlTO jc rrpHcryrr y npe,':\MeTHO-qaCOBHC~j H pa3pe)J,liOj oprarm3aIl,HjH ca)J,p)K3ja Y'1Cfba. lfjeUH HajBInne O)lrOBapa YCKJlal)llsaH,c ca)lp",aja aKTHBHOCTIi nll)lUBIf)IyaJlHllM nOTpeoaMa II MorynHocTuMa, 'IHMC CC HCTOBPCMCHO 06C30jCI)yjy YCJlOBIi 3a cHalKHlljy IHITcpaKnlIjy, Mctjyco6HO OCn3fbalhC y CBBM ¢a3aMa rrpOUCC3. HHTcrpaTHBHH rrpHcryrr rrnaHHpafbY napo'UITO O)lrOBapa 3a rroTpe6c pana y XCTcporCflHM rpyrraMa H KOM6HHOB3HHM o.njeJbelhl1Ma y rraryJ'baCTHM IllKonaMa, y Koja CC, rro npaBl1J1Y, yKJbY'Iyj:y yqeHI1UH HCKOJ1HKO Y3aCTorrHHX pa3pe)lHI1X rpyrra.

9. "IIapnIcpcKIi O)IHOCn Y'ICHIiKa II HaCTamIHKa H K.TIHMa pa3YMII~cBalh~ y UIKOJlIl", BIICQIea YK.ibYQeHOCT pOAuTe.iba I] HOApuIKa OKpYlKclha, Jep )J,HJeTc Mopa BMaTH Cl1ryPHc ocnOHlJ,C H KOHcTaHTHY rro.D.pIIIKY y o)1pacTafbY, rrpuMapHoj eOlmjanH3aUl1jl1, pa3Bojy caMOCTlL1HOCTH H caMoKoHTponc. O'IeKHBafba O)J" paBHorrpaBHOCTI1 II cn060)1e Ha lcojOj cy 3aCHOBaHH O)J,HOCH H3MC1)y YQel'U1Ka H HaCTaBHHKa, rrpHje cscra cy }'TCMeJ'bCHH Ha orrTHMHCTHtIKoj . BH311jn 0 -MorynHOCTi1Ma yqelha 6C3 npHCl1Jle, 6e3 CTpaxa O)J: Hcycrrjexa. OCHM Tora OBa ,!e3a je je)1Ha 0)1 CYWTliHCKRX rrpoMjeHa Koja ce 3arOBapa y DjenOKYITllOj Pe:¢OpMB 06pa30Bafba. 1'0. CTI>a.'rcrHje yqelha II naCTaBIfa. TexHoJlomja YBHjeK cy 3aCHOBaHH Ha H.D:cjaMa Q Ja.:'IalhY HHTcpCCOBalh3 H YH)'TapfbHX MOTHBa, Kao cnCMCI'lTapHHX npe)J,YCJlOBa 3a ")J,O)KHBJbaj IllKonCKor ycrrjcxa". Pa3YMl1je CC, 3a oBaKBO onp.~)J,jeJbCH,CmICY )10BO~'bHI1 caMO janm TcopnjcKH CTaBOBH, 0)1 BCJ1HKC je B3)f(HOCTII·'npo)1ykmrja caBpeMclmjHX HaCTaBHHX CpC)1CTaBa H OCJ10Hau: Ha 06pa30BHY· TeXH0J10rHjy 6e3 Koje ce lllKOJ1U 6ygyhHOCTI1 TCIilKO MO)KC 11 3aMI1C1HTVc.IIpeMa Y3pacHHM KapaKTCpHCTHKaMa UlKOJICKHX pa3pe)1HHX rpYlla

38

IIporpaMH IllKOJ1CKOr Y'1Clha YCMjepeHH Ha )1HjCTC cyIIITHHClCH cy 3aCHOBaHH Ha nOBjepefbY y MOn rrojeJ(I1HI(a H rrC)larOIllKOM OnTHM113M)', rroMjcpafbY TClKHllITa )fTHI\aja Ha ¢YHKT\HOrr3J1HC )lHMeH3Hjc llIKOJ1CKOr pa)1a, Ha cnoco6HoCTB KOjC ce pCJ1aTHBHO 6p30 MOry oCTBapHTI:!, KaKO 6H ce y6p3ao H 060raTHO rrpoucc lllKO~'1CKOr pa)J,a ayrcHTH'IHHM 3axTjcBHMa I:! MOTJ.IBJ.IMa CBaKor yqCHHKa. H3no)KCHa KOHucmmja KO)1 Hac je rrpHMHjcfbCH3 caMO y I1HTCprrpeTmmjI1 nporpaMa rrpBor pa3pC)la 11 jow YBI1jCK Hl1jC rrOTrrYHO )J,H)1aKTHQK11 11 MeTO)J,WIKH 3aOKpY)KCHU H qjcnoBHTa H)1eja, rra jy je TelliKO pa3BHjam 6e3 qjcnoBHTor npncryna nporpaMcKoj KOHl~errUHjH rrpBe TPHja)J,C y )J,eBeTorO)J,HllIfboj OCHOBHOj llIKOJ1H. C nIM Y BC3I1 cy rroTcHuHjlL'1HC onaCHOCTI1 ,[(a CC nOHHllITe BpJ10 n03HTBBHe oqjeHe J.I OmIITe rrO)J,pIIIKe IIIKoncKcjaBl-IOCTJ.I 0 li)IejaMa H KOHIl,errUHjH nporpaMa npBor pa3pe)J:a jep ne ce npaBH e¢CKTli l! )fTHuajH 6lITHO 0)1pa3I1TI1 Ha qjCJ10KYnaH npoucc liIKOJ1CKHX rrporpaMa y rrpBoj TPHja,Ul1. Ben cy 3u6HJbC)KeHH o36HJbHH 11 yn030paBajynH rrpHMjcpH )J:a Ka)J, .njeIl,a rrpetjy y )J,pyrn P3.3pc)1, 6p30 6ygy rrpHCHJ1HO "nplmaroijcHI1" na y06H'IajcHH Ha'IHH UlKonCKor pa)la, UiTO KOp I'bHX I1333HBa HCKe pCTporpa,[(Hc npouccc y orrIllTHM nOCTHf'Hyl1BMa. BpJ10 jc BjcpOBaTIlO )J,a ce Ha Taj Ha'IHH rrOHI1IIlTe HCKH KpynHII Y'mHl~H naCTanI1 rro;'l YTI1uajl1Ma na'IHHa pa,lJ,a y npBoM pa3pe)1Y, rrpHjc CBera neKe cOUIIjanHe BjCIIlTHHc H npIIpO;'la MOTHBa. TpCH)'THO cy naj60mmjI1 cYK06II rrporpaMcKHX KOHI.(errUHja rrpBor H ;'lpyror pa3pe)13, Ma;'la je caCBHM H3BjCCHO )J:a jc wKonCKa rrpaKca, II nopc;'l BCnl1KHX rrp06J1eMa y llome1lY rrpHllpeMe yc,10Ba II 06YKe Ka)J:pOBa, "npHXBaTIIna" rrporpaMcKy KOHIl,CnUHjy rrpBor pa3pe)J,a ca OTBOpeHMM OrrTIIMI13MOM H 3a)J,OBOJbCTBOM. IIha BI1rnC, HajqeIllne jc cMaTpajy je)J:HHOM npaBOM H IICTHHCKOM HOBHHOM Y rrpouecy aKryCJ1HC pc¢opMe 06p330Balha. ,Il;aneKo 3Ha'IajHHjH KOP'lYC np06J1CMa Be3aH je 3a Mane ceOCKe IllKonc H jom )'BIljeK 6pojHa KOM6HHonaHa o.rijen,elba, 3a Koje 6H" rrpeTllOCTanJbaMO, Haja)J,cKBanmjH o,UroBop yrrpaBO 6no rroMjcparhc aKTHBHOCTH Ha )J:HjeTc 11 )J,aneKO BCne ITpHCYCTBO CBHX BI1)J,~Ba ,UUqJCPCHIJ;:Hl:1armryqclha.

39

JIHTcpaTypa

1. AMOHaIllBHJIl1, Ill. A.: illKOJIa )KHBOTa, YLmTeJbCKH (jJUKYJLTCT, Eeorpa,n:, 1997. 2. baHljyp, B. H IToTKolbaJe, H.: IIeoo20ulIw uempa)l{;ucoH:>a Y UlKOJlU, Y LlHTeJbCKll (jJaKynTeT,Eeorpa,n:,1996. 3. Eap6apa, C.: Y'IeH:>e Kp03 uzpy, npHpytlHHK 3a OGyKY cTY,I\eHaTa H e,I\YKaTOpa, COl Step by step, Sarajevo 2000. 4. BaJthelemy, D., Ryba, R., Birzea, c., Leclercq, J-M.: EeponcKa ovJvteH3uja Y cpeOH:>e.M oupasoeoH:>Y, ITe,I\arOlllKl1 3aBO,I\ bHxal1., 200!. 5. EOfe U Z060P, Ecorpa,n:, 1977. 9. Bl1JIOTlljeBHD., M. 1, 2. u 3. KibUZO, 3asoJ\ 3U 11 HacTasRu Cpe,I\CTBa H Y'mTeJhCKI! Eeorpa,I\,1999. 10. Glasser, W., "The Quality School", Harper Colins, New York, 1990. 11. fOjKOB, f.: K02liwnUCItu cmWI y BYlllIa llIKOJJa 3a oGpa30Batbe BUCnHTa'Ia, BpllIaIl" 1995. 12. Greene, B.: HOBe IIapa,I\HrMe 3a CTBapal:be KBaJlHTCTHHX llIKOJ1a, AJ1HHea, 3arpe6, 1996 13. ,IIjyjH, I,I.: BacnumGlfJe U oCMoKpamuja, yeoo Y pWL030I/Jujy eacnwnaJbO, 060,I\, L(eTHFbe, H.L 14. ,IIjyjll, I,I.: J!Jimcpec U ltanOp, _~10pOJt u eaCnUmalbe, Cmn/be, 1963. 15. neJIIIH, H.: lllKoJ1a 6e3 Kameope, EY1r3, Eeorpa,n:, 1976. 16. nopljeBllD., J.: CaepeMClli1 l{i1cmOCi1, HaytlHa Kthlira, Eeorpa,I\, 1981. 17. HBHD., H., DellIHKaR, A., JaRKOBI1D., c., KyjCB'IaHHH c.: AfanU6/W YIJeH:>e Y l{acmaeu, I1HCTHTYT 3a nCHXOJlOfHjy, Eeorpatl, 1997. 18. KaMeHoB, E.: EKCnepU.MeIllJUL71/u np02paMu 3a palio 06pa30CaJhC, 3aBOJ\ 3a YU6eHHKe H HaCTaBHa CpC,l.\CTBa, Eeorpa,I\, 1982. 19. KaMeHoB, E.: HlllneJleKmYOJ/HO eacnumalbe Kp03 UZpy, 3aBo)l, 3a yu6cHHKe H HaCTaBHa Cpe)l,CTBa, beOrpa,I\, H.C 20. KaMH, K.: JIeoa2oUlxe UMnJluKatluje JIuja.'Hceoee meopuje Y OOliOCY Jia caepeMeliY oupa3oe){y npi1Kcy, ITpe,I\llIKOflCKO )l,eTe, Eeorpa)l" 4/1971. CTp. 406-415. 21. Kajoa, P. Hzpe UfbYOU, HonHT, Eeorpa))" 1965. . 22. MapKOBHD., )K. p.: TR06aJIU3aLluja 1.1 oUpa30Ci1lbe .MC~YI/i1pOOli02 YCMepeH:>a, ITe)l,aJ'olliKa pe(jJopMa lIIKOJ1e (360PHIJK pa,I\OBa PyCKo-jYI~oc.ryOBeHCKor ClIMIIO3l1jYMa), 3aje,I\HllIl,a Y'IHTC,1,CKHX q,aKy.~TeTa Cp6IIje, Eeorpa))" 1999. 23. Mikus Kos, A. s skupino soavtotjev: Prostovoljno-delo vsolsrvu, Slovenska -. . . filantropija, Ljubljana, 1999. 24. MHnep, E.: Kam OCl116apumu ycnjcwOlI KOlmwKmc.aY~CItU11U;Ua, npupy'fHHK 3a HaCTaBHIIKe, CapajeBcKa TpH6uHa, CapajeBo;2001.:;:" 25. ITHKepIIHr, I,I.: H3a306 o6pasoeaibY, HY "13paria CTaMeHKOi3I:l;D.", Bcorpa,I\, 1971. 26. Rad6, P.: Tpi1li3UL!uja Y o6pa3oew'bY, ITe)l,arOlllK1l3aicYJrreT 3a MeHauMeHT "Epatia . Kapun",13eorpa,n:, 1993. . 40

28. PaTKOBUD., M.: lllKoJia Y npOMeliaAta, Y'fIITeJhCKH q,aKymeT, Eeorpa,n:, 1996. 29. PaTKOBIID., M.: Cmpamezuja perjJop.Mu o6pa30eaiba, Y'fIITeJhCKH q,aKYJlTeT, Beorpa,n:, 2001. 30. PaTKoBIIn, M.: HacmaeliuK Y pepopMu UlKOJle, KaIIpoc, CpeMcKH KapflOBIl,II, 2003. 31. Seitz, M. i Hallwachs, D.: Montessori oder Waldorf? Ein Orientirungsbuch fUr Eltern und Padagogen, Kbsel-Verlag GmbH & Co., Munchen, 1996. 32. CnacojeBHli., D.: Hzpa U palio )l'IeH:>e, npozPaMu paliOZ Y'leH:>a YCMjepeliu Ha oujemc, 3aBo)), 3a YU6eHllKe H HaCTaBHa Cpe,L(CTBa, CpncKo CapajeBo, 2003. 33. CTojaKOBHD., IT.: KOZliumucliu cmWlOCU U cmWlO6U Y'IeH:>a, e 1, MHHIicTapcTBo rrpocBjeTe PC, 1999. 36. CY3Mli., H. H capan:Hlll\U: HIIIl1epoKmu6lio y'letbe 2, MI1HHCTapCTBo npocBjeTe PC,2001. 37. Cy3Hli., H. II capa,n:HIil\H: I1l1lnepaKmu6l1o Y'lclbe 3, MIiHHcTapcTBo npocBjeTe PC, 2002. 38. Sculi, P.: KypHKYJlYM YCMjepeH Ha,n:HjeTe, COl Step by step, Sarajevo, 2000. 39. To(jJnep, A.: Tpeliu maJIac, JyrOCJ1aBHja, Eeorpa,n:, 1983. 40. TpHe sa XXI cmofbelie. CBjeTJIOCT, CapajeBo H 3aBo))' 3a YU6eHHKe II HaCTaBHa Cpe,I\CTBa, Eeorpa,n:, 1989. 43. Huizinga, J.: Homo ludens, Matica Hrvatska, Zagreb, 1970. 44. WTaM6YK, M. (pe,I\aKTop): C6aKo oeme MOJiCe oa Y'lU, ITapH3, (Centre de Rechheche l'Education Specialisee l'Adaptation Scolaire), 3aBo)), 3a yu6eHHKe H HaCTaBHa Cpe)l,CTBa, Eeorpa,L(, 1986. 45. 36upKa aKmU6Hocmu, npWloza, meKcmoea U uHcmpYMeliama, L(eHTap 3a 06pa30BHe IiHHIl,ujaTHBe Step by step, COl Step by step, Sarajevo, 2002. 46. Hawa OCltOClia WKOJla 6yoyliliocmu, (rpyna ayTopa), 3aje,L(HHIl,a Y'fHTeJbCJCHX (jJaKYJITeTa, Eeorpa,n:, 1998. 47. Oupa30eaH:>e sa 6yoylilinocm, De)l,arOlliKO )l,PYlilTBO Cp6Hje, Eeorpa,n:, 1994. 48. 06pa3oeaH:>e y 6yoylillocmu, illKoJ1cKe ROBHRe, 3arpe6, 1985. 49. IleoazoUlKa pepopMa UlKOJ1e, PycKa aKa,I\eMHja 06pa30Balba, MocKBa Ii 3aje)l.HIIIl,a Y'IHTeJbCKIiX (jJaKYJ1TeTa Cp6Hje, Eeorpa,n:, 1999. . . 50. YnopeoHa aliaJIU3a OClioeHe WKOJle (illBajIl,apcKa, HeMa'fKa, Y Peny6J1uKe CpncKe, fpa(jJoIIpHHT, BaJM nYKa, 1998. 53. KeOJtumemHo 06pa306aH:>e 3a cee - nym Ka pa3eujelioM 0pYUlniey, MllHflC-TaPCTBO npocBjeTe II cnopTa Peny6J1HKe Cp6Hje, Eeorpa,n:, 2002. 54. 3ajeOItU iKa cmpamezuja MoOepHU3alJuje OCHOCliOZ U OI1Ulmez cpeo'H:>ez o6pa30cafba y BOCHU U XeplJeZOeuliu - 3eJleHU nanup, CapajeBo 2002.' l

41

-----

55. 3ajeoUU'iKa cmpamezuja MoOepuU3al{uje OCIIOBIIOZ u omumez cpeotbez o6pa306atba y EOCHU u Xepl{eZ06UHu - EujeRu nanup, CapajeBo 2003. 56. Ktbuza 3a npo;11jelle, OCHOBHO 06pa30Balhe, Peny6JUIKa ~Plia fopa, MIIHIICTapcTBo rrpocBjeTe II HayKe, ITo,l\ropnua, 200l. 57. Teopuje WKORe, rpyna ayropa, (pe.l\aKTOp JUrgen Klaus), Educa, Zagreb, 1996. 58. EujeRa KtbUZa 0 6aCnUmatbY u 06pQ306atby y Peny6Hul{u C?06euuju, 1995. 59. IIpaKmU'iall npucmyn pQ360jy MemoooRomje lIacma6110z Malta U np02pa~1Q y EOCIiU U Xepl{eZ06UIIU, Smjemice, Phare program za strucno obrazovanje i obuku, BiB, 2000. 60. Cmpamezuja U nORumUKa 3a pepopMY cmpY'lH02 o6pa306alM U o6YKe y Eoclfu Xepl{eZ06U1tU, 3eJleHU nanup, Ph are program za strucno obrazovanje i obuku,

BiH,2000.

llpo$. tlp )];paro EpumwBldi, Gl11JI030
AKTHBHO-HHTEPAKTHBHO YlIElbE «illMHHKA» HJIH CYillTHHCKE ITPOMJEHE Y OGPA30BAffi y 9 (T e 3 e)

AKTMBHO-HHTEPAKTHBHO (AKTHBHO-HHTEPAKTHBHO). «AKTHBHO ytIEFhE - 06JIIIK yqelha TOKOM Kora ce sprnH nOrnqKa rrpepa,n,a MaTepHjana (II3,l\Bajalhe 6HTHor, 3aHeMapHBalhe He6HTHOr, yomIITasalhe 6HTHor), a 3aTHM aKTllBHO perrp0.I\YKOBalhe HayqeHOr. TIpe,L\CTaBJba cyrrpoTHoCT rraCllBHOM yqelhY TOKOM Kora ce MaTeplljan caMO naCHBHO qHTa, me,l\a llJIH cnyrna, 6e3 npepa,l\e H 6e3 rrOKYIlIaja aKTHBHOr penp0.I\YKOBalha.» (TIe,l\arOIlIKH neKCHKOH, 1996, cTp.14). «I1HTEPAKTI1BHO ytffiFhE - je npon:ec yqelha 3aCHOBaH Ha COn:HjanHoj HHTepaKn:HjH. CyrnHma TaKBor npon:eca yqeI-ba H 113pIDKaBalha ce y Me1)Y3aBHcHocTH H Me1)y,lJ,ejcTBy (Me!)yYTHn:ajy) cy6jeKara KOjH 3ajeiJ.H11~H yqe. HHTepaKTHBHO yqelhe pe3yJITHpa penaTHBHO rrepMarIeHTHHM npoMjeHaMa y pa3MHIlIJbalhY H nOHaIlIalhY Koje HacTqjy Ha OCHOBHY Pa3JIHqHTHX 3Halha,. CIlOco6HOCTH H HCKYCTaBa yqeHliKa If yqeHH'IKIfX rpyrra.» Cll;. EpaHKoBHn, liHTepaKTHBHo yqelhe 2). llIMI1HKA - rrpHBpeMeHo YJherrrnaBalhe 6e3 IlIaHce ,l\a TpajHIfje orrCTaHe. CYllITI1HCKA 11POMJEHA - rrpoMjeHa Koja ce BPIlIH Ha OCHOBHHM KOMflOHeHTaMa HeKor rrpon:eca H Koja MHjelhalheH TOK H HCXO.l\e. OEPA30BAFhE - rrpon:ec CTHn:aH>a 3Halha,. sjeIlITHHa 11 HaBHKa.

9 Dpe.uaBall,e o.up)KaHO Y Ol;EHPY DpojcKaToaoo«YcaBp;uaBalheM UaCTaEHHKa,1\O alITHBIlOr yqelha yqeIlHKa», y Tecm!lly, 20.2.2004. ro.uHHe

42

43

YI-f...nAMEHTAJIHE ilPOMJEHE Y BACilHTAIhY H OEPA30BAIhY

KOMYHI1KALU1JA Y TPA,I:011.U10HAJIHOJ HACTABIJ

HACTABHI1K

r "1

'I' z 1

r5

.... G TI....

19

,,,

I~

I

1

'I

el

~.u

11.8]

~

I IO~•

If

I

I I

11'5 l;flr~·

1

l.f=i \18 ;;TPA,ZU1I(HOHAJIHA HACTABA

.yqeEhe

~tf5 161

~.f'

.to

I

! KOMYHI1KalJ,l1je

> Je)J,HocMjepHe (H - Y) > ill1TaEhe - O)J,fOBOP > AHfIDKOBaHOCT - (A - 25% ; il - 45%; 0 - 30%)

44

45

HACTABHE CTPATEfllJE

KOMYHI1KAL(I1JA Y MHTEPAKTHBHOJ HACTABll

1. CTpaTenDe rrO,lJ.yqaBafha: HaCTaBHH:K: - IIJIaHHpa pa,lJ. - rrpOrpaMl1pa pa,lJ. - npe,lJ.aje - o6jalilfhana -ryMaqH - 3a,lJ.aje - KOHTPOJIlilile - npoBjepaBa - ol.\iefhyje

YqeHHK: - cJIyrna - MeMopHrne - 3arrHcyje - pjelilaBa 3aJ(aTKe - H3JIa)Ke - o,lJ.rOBapa

2. CTpaTemje yqelba HaCTaBHI1K: - IIJIaHl1pa PaJ( - rrpOrpa1l1l1pa pa,lJ. - 6lipa li3Bope - KOHcTPYlirne HaIJliHe yqefha - rrpaTli H YCMjepaBa rrpouec - rrO,lJ.CTHqe yqefhe - rrpaTI1 rrpouec yqefha - yqH ca yqeHHUI1Ma - rrpoBjepaBa HCXO,lJ.e - ol.\iefhyje

BpcTe KOMYHHKaUHja: > YIJeHHK yqeHHK y rpynH > fpyna - rpyna > fpyna - HaCTaBHHK > HacTaBHHK rpyna > YIJeHHK - HaCTaBHHK > fpyna KOJIeKTHB > YIJeHHK - rpyrra - KOJIeKTHB

46

3. CTPaTerHja caMoyqefha HacTaBHHK: - H)l,eHTH
YIJeHHK: - qHTa - 6HJbe)KH H3BO,lJ.e - pjernaBa 3aJ(aTKe - rrRIue caorrmreIba - MeMoplUue - pe
YqeHHK: - BplllH H360p UHJbeBa yqeIba - rrJIaHHpa BJIaCTHTH PaJ( - BpmH /-f360p H3Bopa (caJ(p)Kaja) - npOHaJIa3H HaIJHHe yqefha - caMonOTKpenJbeIbe - caMonpoBjepaBafhe - caMool.\iefhHBafbe

.47

MHTEPAKTHBHA HACTABA HaCTaBHHK: - n.neHTl1¢I1Kyje Ql1JbeBe - llJIaHHpa paA - npOrpaMllpa paA - OpraHll3yje paA - 6llpa ll3BOpe (MOACJle) - npe3cHryjc HaqllHC paAa - npaTl1ll YCMjepaBa npoQcc - nO)J,CTWIC II MOTllBHlllC - KOpllryjC npoQec yqelha

[pyna: - yno3Haje QllJbeBe yqclDa - OpraHll3yje rpynHll paA - yn03Hajc WIll 6llpa ll3Bope

,n:p ,n:paroJby6 KpHCTa,
- YTBpl)yje HaqHHe pa)J,a yqll (pjclIIaB~~~aTKc) - npimpeldall3JlaraIDe-

.c""_

KOMYHllKAll;IlJCKA KOMIIETEHTHOCT KAO ll;IlJb OliPA30BAlbA II llPETIIOCTABKA HHTEPAKTHBHOr Y1!ElbA 10

- npe3eHryJepe3YJrraTe - Bplllll caMOrrpouj ClDllBalDe (npoujeI:hllBalDe)

- yqll ca rpynoM - nOACTWIe npOlJ,ec caMoyqClha - YTBpl)yje HCXOAe - oujelDyjc Yt:reHllK: - yqccTByje y ll360py Ql1Jba yt:rCI:ha - yqccTByje y ll360py ll3Bopa (caAp){mja) yqCI:ha - ycamalllaBa CC ca Hat:rllHllMa paAa rpyne - pjelllaBa ACKOMnOHOBaHC 3a)J,aTKC - yqeCTByjc y npllnpCMll caonlllTClDa - npe3cHryje pe3YJITaTC pa)J,a rpync

Kpymte npoMjeHe Koje ce O)J, Kpaja OCaM,ll,eCCTrfX, TOKOM ,lJ,CBe)J,eCeTIfX

ro~:mIa, II jow YBl1jeK o)J,Bl1jajy y CBl1M c¢epaMa )JiliBOTa II pa)J,a, BeOMa cy pl1JeTKo ~pe)lMeT npoY'faBalba )lpYlllTBeHl1X HaYKa, a rroce6Ho HaYKa Koje rrpOytIaB
- yqCCTByjc y caMonpoujClDHBalDY paAa y OKBllPY rpync II npoujClDllBaIDy pa)J,a )J,pymx rpyna

HCTOPHJCKE3AKOHllTOCTH 1.

Pe¢opMa 06pa30BalDa O)J, npBIfX not:reTaKa (rryryjytm yql1TeJbl1) ,lJ,0 )J,aHac (HaCTaBa II yqClDC nOMoliy KOMnjYTCpa) 6llJbC)Kll nocrynHocT II nporpeCl1BHOCT y pa3BOjy. 2. ilocTOjaIDe OCHOBHIfX ncpl1o)la y HaCTaHKY l1 Pa3BOjy llHOBaI.\l1ja: a) nepHo)J, O)lymCBJbClDa (npCBO).l, pa,lJ,OBa H3 HHocTpaHcTBa; npcHamalllaBaIDC MoryliHocTH - 3aMjeHa rrocTOjclier CTaI:ha H pjcmaBaIDC CBIfX np06JICMa); 6) ncpHo)J, OTpe)KlllClDa (nOqeTHa npaKTH'IHa llcKycTBa; eMnllplijcKe II cKcncpllMcHTanHc npoBjepc Bpllje,lJ,HOcTI1I1 orpaHllqClDa); B) ncpl1o)J, npoujCHC PCaJIHllX BPHjC)J,HOCTH H OrpaHl1qelDa (ycrrocTaBJbalDe pcanHIfX O)J,Hoca H3MCljy Te II )J,pyrIfX HHOBaf.\llja).

,n:PYUITBCHC npoMjcHC - OKBHP 3a YBO~CIhe npoMjcHa Y 06pa30BaIhY ilMTalDe npoMjeHa y 06Pa30BaIDY jc BeOMa mMpoKo 11 KOMIIJIeKCHO jep 06YXBan BCnl1KI1 6poj pa3nHQI1TIfX, TaKolje KOMIlJICKCHIfX, cpeHoMeHa. HnaK, Y ca)J,aIlllDoj ¢a311 pa3Boja 06paJoBalDa OCHOBHO nllTalDe YBoljelDa npoMjcHa

O,ll,HO~~ cc Ha YCKJIaljl1BalDc npoMjeHa y 06pa30BalDY ca npoMjeHaMa KOjc ce O).l,BI1,JaJY y ,lJ,pymTBY, TOKOM m06aJIHMX )J,pYlilTBeHIfX npoMjeHa. ilp0f.\ec ,lJ,PYlll':Bemrx npoMjeHa, Y nOtfCTKY HajaBJbeH Kao rrpoI.\cc fJl06anHIfX npoMcHa y cBHJeTY (n03HaT Kao rJI06aJIl13af.\Hja) mIH Kao HOBll cBjeTcKll nOpe,lJ,aK y BenMKoj MjcPI1 O,lJ,peljyje He caMO )J,pYlilTBeHO-nOJIllTllqKC, BOjHC H CKOHOMCKC ?poMjeHe Koje lie Hanam. y caBpeMeHOM CBlljCTY, Hcro 11 y )J,PYfHM no).l,pyqJllMa )lmBOTa H pa).l,a, na npCMa TOMC H Y c¢epll 06pa30BalDa. Y TOM KOHTeKcry ce Ben ca.ll,a MO)J(e roBOPllTI1 0 HeKOJII1KO 6llTHI1X KapaKTepnCTI1Ka Tor np0f.\eca

3. ,n:orrpl1HOC YTCMCJbClDY nCAaromKIfX OCHOBa 3a .l.\aJblDl1 nporpccllBHll Pa3BOj B
.

.

"",allTl1paHa Bep3l1Ja 113.1aralha 3a HaCTaBHliKC pa3pC;UiC HaCTaBC, ROje JC O}(P)!(allO lla CCMHHapy y balbaJlYUI1, 13. I!. 2004. mnl1HC. II) Malha HJIH Bena HCTpIDlCHBalha nojenHHHx ayropa paljcHa cy Cllopa;.(l1'lHO, a HajqeIllne 3a npyrc lloTpe6e TC HHey Me~yco6Ho nOBC3aHa 11 He Mory naTl1lIOTpe6He e
48 49

H rrpaBaua rrpOMjeHa KOjHM3 ce Te)Kff YCKJT3AUTU P33BOj 06p330BaH>a ca

IIpOlfec oeMOKpanl1J3Gl{uje B3CnliTaI-ba H 06p330BaIba 33CHHBa ce Ha

pa3BojeM CaBpeMeHOr APYIlITB3. • • 12 IIo3HaTo Je Aa Halliff H CTPaHH aHaTIUTYfLl3PU ApYUITBeHHX npOMJeHa KOjH ce 6aBe OBUM mn3ThUMa H3rJ1aIlI3B3jy Aa ce 3a OBe npoMjeHe KopUCTe pa3-

.u eMOKpaTH3aIJ:lijlf OL(HOCa y i'lPYlliTsy H perj}JTeI(Tyjc H3 ycrroCT3BJbaff,e .n:eMOKp3np:!HJ~ier Do.rrO}f(3ja Y'lCHlfK3 11 H3CT3BHHKa y BaCTfI1TlIO~06p330BHOM paJJ:Y. lI3sjecHo je .n:a je ,[(OC3Xl;3UllbH 2l:0MHH3HT3H nOJlQ)Kaj HaCTaBHHKa K30 npe,[(a-

n.NHTH fTOjMOBH, 0,[( KOjHX cy Haj'IellinH fTOjMOBH: APYlliTBeHe npoMjeHe, mo6anH3auHja, TpaHc
BaQa If Y'IeHHKa Kao CJfYllIaoHa nOCTao CMCTlha ycrroCTaBJbafbY pa3HoBpcIlHjHX KOMYHlfKaIJ:Hja H p33Boja Y'leHHK3, Te raje HY)!(!-!O MEjeThaTH.

13

eKoHoMffjl1. HeKH a:Y-TopH (I13HTHn, 1996) cMaTpajy ,na ce oBaj noj3M MQ)Ke npHMjeThHBaTH H H3 JIaTHHO-aMepWIKe H 3eMJbe ljf)KHe EBpone. I10j3M "3eMJbe

HHcaHa

He caMO YCJTOB.1bCHa Hcro H .n:eTepMHrrpHjc CBcra, Tpe6a lfMaTlf H3 YMY

Y TP3H3HUUjH" H3j'lelune ce O):(HOCH H3 3eMJbe 6HBIlIHX KOMYHI1CTH'IKHX

YTVmaj BCJllIKH 6poj HOBl1X C33H3I-ba H H

pC)KHMa, KOjC TC)KC .n:a Pa3BHjy HOBO 2l:PYlliTBO, IlITO HeKH 3yropH ocnop3Bajy

rrocTojenHx H3CTaBllHX rrporpaMa Y noje.n:mH-lX HaCT<1mlHX npC.'lMeT3, TaKO !.f n3 YBol)eHoe HOBIIX HaCTaBllHX

Ha3HBajynH Taj npoucc "TP3HC
cau:p)Kaja H H<1CT3.BHHX npe}J}vleTa. OCI1M Tora, TIOBe TeXHOJlOnlje cy 3HaTlaj3.H acrreKT nepM3HCHTHor npOI(eca ESH.n:eIITHO je, nalfMe, ,[(a ce

pe
CBe Te npoMjeHe y c
cy 6llJla peJIaTHBHO .n:eMOKpaTCKa, anl1 HHCY 6HJIa MOAepHa y caBpeMeHOM CMl1CJIy".

):(3 pa3BHjcHHje If Mo'[(cpfmje .n:pyruTBO Tpc6a pa3Bl1jcHHjH H Mo'[(epHHjH CHCTeM 06p330BaTha, KOjH fie 3aAoBO.TI,aSaTlf ,1:(pymTBeHe nOTPe6e 3a 06p330BaIbeM l1

IIpm{ec MoOepH1.f3al1uje BaCnl1TaTha l1 06pa30BaI-ha O)lHOCl1 ce Ha LtienOKY-

p33BojeM, Kao 11 3a 06Pa30BHC nOTpe6e CTaHOBHHKa y 0!J:rOBap3jyneM ApyIlITBy.

naB CHCTeM, a He caMO Ha npoMjeHe y noje.ul1IillM TherOBHM cerMeHTI1Ma, Kao

Y TOM KOHTeKCTy M02l:epHl13aIJ:Hja U:PYIlITB3 npeTnOCTaSJba Mo.uepHl13aI~l1jy

caBpeMeno .n:PYWTBO nepMaHelITHO pa3BHja YCBajajynn HOBC TeXHonorHje (1\106lfJum Tene
mTO cy HaCTaBHl1M nporpaMH l1J1ll "IIlMHHKaThe" pa3peAHO-QaCOBHOr CHCTeMa y

CHCTeMa BacmnaH,a 11 06pa30BaIha, 1(ao OCBOSC 3a OCTBapHBaThe Il,11JbeBa l1

KojeM je jom YBHjeK eBHAe}InIa 3acT3pjena HaCTaBHa TeXHOJIOmja, AOMl1HaUHja

33.D:3TaK8 SaCITl1THO-06pa30BHOr p8;:(a. MOAepHH33IIIija CHCTCM3 BaCnl1Tafba H

):(HAaKTH'IKor MaTepHjamI3Ma, npeBeJIl1K 6poj YQeHHKa y o.qjeJheThY, HeAOCTaTaK MaTepl1jaJIHHX cpe,[(CTaBa 3a pa,[(, HacTaBHlU.\H He.uOBOJbHO 06yqeHl1 3a npHMjeHY Mo,[(epHe TeXHI1Ke H TeXHOJIOrHje H caBpeMeHHX MeTo,[(a HaCTaBIwr paAa15 . -

06p330Baff,3 011 rrpe'[(IllKonCKor AO YHHscp3HTeTcKor TII-lTaThe je 0,[( TfOCe6HOr n:pYIllTBeHor IillTepeca 11 lmje UCSa)I(HO !CaKO tie 6HTH peaml30BaHo.3a pjemaBaff,e TfHTaff,a Mo.n:epllIl3aU1ije CHCTeMa BaCTIInaI-ha 11 06pa10BaIh3 3aHlITepeCOBaua je n:p)KaSa, jep 0iJ: CTcnCHa pa3BujeHocTH H c
12) OBHM lUrraJhHMa ce, Y Bclioj HJlH MaIhOj 'MjcpH>:Haj'leIIllie 6aBc: (jJHJl030qm, COUHOJl03H, cOUHja.mm nCHXOJl03H, nOJlHTOJl03H, ne,~ar03H, npammu]{, eKoHo"Ml1CTH, CTHOl103H, HCTopwmpn Il.upym .. ' . _ . _. _

):(lfO cBojm( HIlTCpeca. Mo.n.cpHI13aluij3 06p330Baff,8 CTora no'[(pa3)Tr.uijeBa!c
13) 360PHIlK pa.uOBa. (1996): C01{ujOJtHU KOlJ(pJlUKmtrY3eM(bOMa nlpaH3U1{uje, HHCTHT)'T J\PYlllTSCHIlX naYKa, Eeorpa,E( II PycKa aKa.ucMllja HaYKa;:MocKBa, Ecorpa.u. 14) MooepHU3a1{uja u oeMOKpamu3azpija y:(nocrn)ceJ!JujanuCmU"KIIM opYUln1(nlMa, y: IfPOMCHC nOCTCOl(l1j
pa3peJ\Ho-~raCOBHor CHCTeMa H MoryliHocTH llepMilnCIITHC MO;1CPIIIl3al(l1je CHCTeMa 06Pa30BilH,a H3J10)!(HO je IT. MaJlJ\Hh y naBCJ\CHOM )ljeJlY HHonaUHje y HaCTaBH, CapajeBo, 1972. 15) 036HJhHY KPHTIll
50

If Bl1COKO 06p330Bal-be) TaKO If Y Mcljyco6HOj KOpen3IJ:l!jH

cerMeHaTa. Doce6Ho ce TO HcnOJ'b3B3

y


pa3BHjeHOCTlf 11 pa3yljeHOCTl1MIJe.Jl
mKon3, BpCTl! II HliBOY CTpYQHOr 06p330Baff,a, O):(HOCYOTTIlITeT',. CTP~O­ TeopHjcKor If npaKTWlHor 06P330S8ff,a, 06P3.30SHlfX npo
. 51

HaCTaBe CaBpeMeHHM HaCTaBHHM CPC)),CTBHMa, ocnOC06JbeHOCT HaCTaBHHKa 3a

cy n03HaTe 0):( paHHje, )],OK y HaCTaBll He KOPllCTC ,lllf)),aKTHLIKO-I1H
YlIOTpe6y CaBpeMCHllX ))'H))'aKTH'-IKO-mrqlOpMaTwIKllX HHoBaUllja.

llH
OCHM Tora, Mo)),epH1l3aUllja 06Pa30Brur,a rrpCTIIOCTaBJba YCKJlaljHBaIhe

OCHM Tora HcorrXO)),HO je IlMaTI1 Ha yMy )J,a jc OnpeMJbeHOCT OCHOBHllX H

HaCTaBIIHX l1JIaHOBa H rrporpaMa ca HOBllM Hay'-lHHM Ca3HaIhHMa (HOBHM

cpe)),EbIlX

Hay'-lHllM LIllEbeHHuaMa), r)ljc ce 06pa30BaEbC CYO'-laBa ca rrp06J1CMOM CCJ1eKUlfje

He,llOBOJbHa 11 Hea,lleKBaTHa nOTpe6aMa 3a caBpCMeHOM OpraHlf3al."(HjoM Bac-

lIllCOJ1a

HOBlfX Ca3HaIha II EbHXOBOM llMIIJ1CMCHTaUHjoM y HaCTaBHC nporpaMC rroje-

rrHTHO-o6pa30BHOr npOl."(eca, C 063HpOM Ha TO )J,3. Y IllKOJlaMa ))'OMlfHlfpajy H3.-

caBpeMeHI1M

)),If)),aKTll'IKO-HI-1
HHOBal."(HjaMa

,LIHHllX HaCTaBHHX npC)),Mem, C 063lfPOM Ha eKCIIJ103Hjy HOBllX '-lHIhCHHua.

CTaBHa cpe)),CTBa CTapI1je rCHepal."(llje KOj3. HllCY rrpllMjepeHa caBpeMeHllM

Pa3YMJbHBO je ,lla ce TY CY'IeJbaBajy rrOrJ1e)),ll TPa}:(HI."(HOHMHCTH'-lKH opHjeHTH-

rroTpe6aMa.

caHllX KpeaTopa 06pa30BHe nOJ1lfTHKe H KpeaTopa KOjlf TC)!(e )),a 06pa30BaIhe

OB)lje HMaMO Ha yMy 'IllEbeHHl."(y ):(a cy npeMa HeKllM rrportieHaMa 3a

ocaBpeMCHe HOBHM Ca3HaIhHMa If HayLIHHM ))'OCTHrHynHMa. llPH aKTHBHOCTHMa

e
Ha Mo))'cpHlf3aUHjH HaCTaBHlfX I1JlaHOBa II nporpaMa Tpc6aJIO 6H ,lla cc OCTBa-

llH
pyjy e

Boja Mo)),epHe HaYKe If TeXH0J10rHje, lfaKO je CBlf)),CHTHO ,LIa CC y npaKCH HepH-

TH'IKe HHoBaIIHjc HOBHje reHepaUI1je jOili YBlljeK HIlCY y 3Ha'-lajHHjoj MjepI1

jCTlCO jaBJbajy If TCH)],eHUllje 3a)]'p)!a. TC)KH ce, HaHMe,

nOTpe6He HaCTaBIIHl."(HMa jep pa'IyHapll, rrpojeKTOpl1, KOMrraKT )],IlCKOBH H

)],a ce y

HaC'raBHC rrporpaMC HMrrJ1eMeHTHpa CBe BHlIle 1l0BHX HaCTaBHHX

KaMepe jOili YBI1jeK HHCY y )!(IDKll llHrepeCOBaEba HaCTaBHHlca, a rroce6HO HllCY

ca}:(p)!(aja, y3 3a)]'p)!(aBaJ1>C rroCTojctiHX Ca,LIp)Icaja, lIlTO HC)],BocMHCJ1eHO H3a3lfBa

y 3Haqajlmjoj MjepllnoTpc6HH MYJITI1Me):(HjaJIHll CllCTeMH, a)),a He rOBopHMO 0

e
MorynHOCTI1Ma 11 nOTpe6a\1a rrpllMjcHe BHPTYCo1HC peanHOCTI1 11 BjclIlTaLJ.Ke

H3a311Ba npconTepcnCHOCT y
lfHTeJ1I1reHl."(I1j e.

m:ITaEbC KOHucnIIHjC HacraBHllX nporpaMa npCMa TCOPlljCKllM rrOJ1a3lfIllTHMa

OrriliTa je rrportiCHa caBpeMeHHX aHaJIHTH'Iapa ,lla je Mo)),epHIl3al."(I1ja 06pa30BaIha HY*aH npOl."(ec KaKO 611 ce o6e36Hjc.n:I10 a)J,eKBaTaH Pa3BOj noje-

)],If)),aKTllLIKor MaTepHjanlf3Ma lfJIll )),1l,LIaKTIl'-lKOr
)),IlHua II .n:pYIllTBa y lIieJlI1HH y CICJ1a,lly ca caBpeMeHHM TOKOBI1Ma.

pa3pe)J,HO-'-laCOBHOr CllCTeMa y KOMC jc JOIll YBHjCK CBll)),CHTHa 3aCTapjcna HaCTaBHa TeXHOJIOrHja, )]'OMlfHal."(llja ,lllf)),alCTll'IKor MaTcplfja.m13Ma, npeBeJIHK 6poj yqeHllKa y o)ljCJbelbY, He,llOCTaTaK MaTepHjanHllX cpC)),CTaBa 3a pa,LI, HaCTaBHH-

,LI;eMoKpaTH3anHja oopa30saIba

l."(ll He)),OBOJbHO 06yqeHlf 3a nplfMjeHY MO,llepHe TeXHHKe If TeXHOJlOrllje H caBpeMeHllX MeTo)),a HaCTaBHor pa)],a, a Y'IeHHl."(lf rrpeOIITepetieHH Beo1HICllM

,IJ;cMoKpaTH3al."(llja 06pa30BaEba je, TaKolje, YCJIOBJbeHa npoL(ecllMa .n:eMOlC-

6pOjCM HaCTaBHllX rrpC)]'MeTa, CyBHlIlHHM H 'IeCTO HcrrOBe3aHHM HH
paTH3aIIHjc y )]'pyillTBY. AHanI1TllLJ.apH ,llpYlIlTBeHHX rrpoMjeHa HamaIDaBajy ,lla

jaMa Koje Mopajy ,lla MCMopmny. li3BjCCHO je )],a Mo))'epHIl3al."(lfja ,llpYIlITBa

cy nOJIllTll'IKe npoMjcHe rrpeJlaCKa H3 je))'HonapTlljcKor y

HarnailiaBa rroTpe6y 3a rroje,llIlHl."(lfMa KOjH ne lfCrrOJ1>aBaTll Malbe 110CJlYiliHOCTll

rrOJlHTI1'IKll CHCTeM 11 113 nOJlHTI1'IKOr MOHll3Ma y

a BlfiliC rrpC,llY3eTHlliliTBa If HOBllX H))'eja y caBpeMeHOM IIpOl."(ecy pa,lla, IIITO

,llOnpHHHjeJIC
rrpe)),

H360pa nOCTaJIa je))'Ha 0)], 6lfTHHX KapaKTepHCTHlCa OpraHH3aI."(I1jc )),PYIllTBa.

06pa30Balbe IIOCTaBJba 3a)),aTaK HY)!(He 113MjeHe He

caMO II03HIIHje

Tora

TOKOM

)],PYiliTBeHHX

rrpoMjeHa

BllIllerrapTHjcKH

rrOJlHTH'IKH IIJ1ypanH3aM

y
OClfM

3a rrpHMjCHy Mo)),epHlljHx MCTO,lla HaCTaBHor pa}:(a. ,l(oCa}:(ailiEba Ca3HaEba,

HH.L\IlBll,LiYaJIllTeTa Ha pa'lyH lCOJleKTHBHTeTa, IIITO 3Ha'IH Beny MorynHocT

113proKeHllje je

HamaIIIaB3.lbe

HallMC, rrOKa3yjy )),a HaCTaBHI1Ull y CBaKO,llHCBHOM HaCTaBHOM pa,lly Haj'Ieiline

llCrrOJbaBaEba HH)],HBll)],yanHHx KapaKTepI1CTIlKa rroje))'HHua y ,llpyIllTBy. llpeT-

KOPHCTC rpa
XO)],HO )],PYiliTBO jc 3arOBapaJIO KOJ1eKTHBllTeT, KOJlCKTHBHY BJlaCT H KOJIeKTllBHy

TB

npHjeMHHKc,

errlf)),lljacKorr,

Bll)),CO

pHKop)],epe

H

rrpojeKTope, }.:(OK ce MO)!(e YOqllTll )J,a cy BeOMa Mano KOplliliTCHe ,lllf)),aKTI1'IKO"-

o.n:rOBOPHOCT, IIITO je llMano 3a nOCJbe)],Hl(y 11 O,LIrOBapajyny OpraHlf3aUI1jy

HHq)OpMaTH'1Ke HHOBaL(lljc_ 3aCHOBaHe Ha HOBlfjOj TCXHOJlOf'I1jlf, Kao IllTO cy:

,llpyiIITBa II )),pYiliTBeHllX llHCTlfTYl."(I1ja. HOBO )],PYIllTBO Tpe6a ,lla 6y)]'e OTBOpeHO

pa'IHapll, MYJITHMe,llI1jaJlHll CHCTCMH, KaMepe, EInv1 rrpojeKTopll. Orrmm: je

3a llCrrOJbaBaJ1>C npe))'yJeTHH'IKHX H,lleja 11 aKl."(Hja nojC,lllfHUa H )),a oMorynH

3aKJbYQaK )],a HaCTaBHHI."(H y CROM ,llOca,llaIIIIheM pa)],y KopHCTe caMO MaIhll 6poj

rrOTIIYHI1jH

caBpeMeHllx )),If)),aKTll'IKo-I1H
npoMjeHa O)),HOCll ce Ha llH.L\lfBH)],yanHo rrCHXOJlOlliKH O)],HOC npeMa rrojaBaMa H

Pa3BOj

lllf)),IlBll)),yanHocTll.

Tpenll

6H1'aH

acneKT ,LipYlliTBeHHX

- npOl."(eCI1Ma. AHaJIHTH'IaPll )],pYiliTBeHllX npoMjeHa cMaTpajy ,LIa 6y)],yne )),pylIlTBO Y Benoj Mjepll Tpe6a )],a oMorynH noje}J,IlHUY CJIo60)),y nOHalliaEba, BI1llIC 16) 0Bl!je

liMaMO Ha yMY na nOKywajH paCTcpcnCILa ),'ICHHKa CYBHWHHX caapilmja H3 _--

cJIo6o)]'e y 11360py H Bene Y'Ieiline y KpClfpaEby ,llpYlliTBeHllX TOKOBa, IIITO ce

HaCTaBHHX npellMCTa HepHjeTKO 6YllY O[lHjelbcHH 0.1\ nojeJUlHHX npenCTaBlIHKa THX llaCTaiJHHX

MO?Ke nOCTllnH .n:CUCHTpaJIll3aUHjoM
[]pellMCTa Kao I10TlljelbHBaIl.>C HaCTaBlIliX llpCIlMCTa H llaCTaIlHHKa KOjH H3BOilc TY HacraBY, nace

nOJe)),HHaua Y )),OHOlIleIhY O,llJlyKa BroKHllX 3a 3aje)),tmuy.

lI"i'-lellllie TaIme aKUHje 3aIlplllC lIU WTCTY YYCHHKa.

52

53

KOr nOfll1TWIKOr CI1CTeMal1 rrapflaMeHTapHe )],eMOKpanlje, Te rrOCJberumaMa

TIOflI1TI1'IKI1 aCneKTI1 npOIVljeHa ce O)]'pIDKaBajy YBofjefbeM BI1111enapTl1jc-

.n:eMOKpaTHjc Koja Tpe6a L(a 06e36IljeL(H HHCTI1ryl\HOHaHH30B3HII OKBI1P 3a .n:pyra tIIIjI1 nO:IO)l(aj nojeL(HHau,a H rpyna. Y TOM KOHTeKCT)' emmCHTHC cy

Koje HacTajy HaKOH TI1X rrpoMjeHa. YBOfjefbe BII111enapTl1jClwr CHCTeMa je OMO-

Hajpa.n:HKfulHFfje npoMjeHe, KaKO y

rynI1J10 113prutmBafbe pa3J1WlHTI1X H}J,eOJlOrl1ja l1 HCnO.:baBaIba pa3HOBpCHlIX IIH-

nOHalllalbY. J:;bBjecHo jc, HaMMC, .n:a YKJbY'lI1BafbC y rrpoMjeHe rrpeTrrOCT3BJha

CBHjCCTH ;by.n:H, TaKO H y

lbHXOBOM

Tepeca nojeJ],lIHal\a H rpyna. 3a pa3.'IHKy On: npeTXon:Hor rrOnHTH"IKOr ypcfjefba,

CBHjCCT 0 nOTpe6H 3a npoMjeHaMa, a 3aTHM l13H3JlIDKCfbC KOHKPCTHl1X Mo.n:a-

Ka,na je y

mneTa KojHMa 6n ce Te npoMjcHc MOrJIe peaJIH30EaTH.

.n:pylIITBy .n:OM1fHMpao je.n:HorrapTffjcKH rrOJIHTfFIKII

CHCTeM

II

Bna.n:aBIIHa je.n:He H.n:eOJIOmje, y rrpoIVnrjclbeHuM n:PYIllTBCHHM OKOJlHOCTHMa, YBe.n:eH je BHIllerrapTHjcKH CHCTCM KOjH Y Mafboj mm Behoj MjCPH KO,l( Jbyn:H

CBe TO

YTHL\aO Ha
JlIILJHHX op~jeHTal\l1ja IllTO jc YCHOBJbeHO .n:jeJIOBafbCM Pa3.'Ill'lHTHX
113a3HBa 11 rro.n:CTIFle pa3HoBpcHe aKTHBHOCTH y rrOJlHTWIKOM )1(HBOry, a rroce-

lllIIpe H Y)J(e COIJ,Ffja;TTHc CpC}.:(HHe Kao H nWIHOCTH nojc.n:HHl\a. KpynHe npoMjeHe

6HO y CJl060.n:HHjervr HCITOJhaBaTbY nO~lI1TWIKHX CT!lBOBa Ii M3HIi
Y cOllHjaJ1HOM OKP)')KCH,y ycnocTaBHJle cy HH3 BOBHX O)1HOC3 H peJIall:aj3 KaKO

cy ITOJla3lIa OCHOEa 33 H3CT3-

H3Me~y H3MCfjy Seoll1KHX opraJ-!H33l\Hja, .n:p){(asa H llJIan:a, TaJW H H3MelJy rpyna

HaK 11 pa3YMl1jeBal:bc llpymx npOI\~jeHa, a noce6HO npoMjeHa Koje cy HaCTa;lC y non:PY'DY eKoHoMIlje, HJIH T3E. eKOHOMCKe npoMjene. KOHuenT

H nojen:HHaua; npeKO KOjHX ce O.n:BI,Uajy pa3lIU'lHTli 03'm II:IH crra6l1jl1) }'THl\ajH HC caMO Ha csIljCCT .:byn:H Hero H Ha lbHXOBO nOH3Ill3lhe. 17 TIoCM(lTpaHO y rJI06ful)', 3lran11TW1apH .n:pyrIJTBCHl1X npoMjeHa , HaKO

eKOHOMCKor pa3Boja, IllTO 3Hat lH n:3 je mmnCK!l eKolloMFfj3 (K!lP3KTCPHCTI1"IHa 3a npeTXo.n:HFf .n:PYillTBeHo-eKOHOI\1CKI1 3a:YlHjclcLCH3 'TP)lCHillHOM eKOHO-

HHCY y nOTnyHocTH camaCHH, Haj'leIllnC HamamaB!ljy .n:3 ce p3crra.n:OM COl\~jaJIH3M3 K30 3!lTllOpeHor .n:pYlllTBa HHje onaKO npelllJIO Hapa3Boj OTBope-

HOBPCHHX cYpaHa'IKHX aKTHBllOCTl1. Te

Y eKOHO:Y!CKOM CMHCJlY npoMjeHe cy YC.TTomme

MHjmvl, a CT36IL13H nocao H )KI1BOT 6e3 p!BIIKa 3aMl1jCtbClll1 cy KOIIKYpCHL\'~ioM

Hor .n:pYIllTlla. TIOCTOjC, H3HMe, jOill YBHjCK, 3anrut(eHe .n:HJJeMC 0 TOMe KaKBO he

H Pll3HKOM. Y TOM KOHTCKCry eKOIIOMCKC npoMjeHe CC MallFf
.n:PYlllTBO HaCTaTH H3KOH YpaH3Hl\HjC. T3Ko, Ha npHMjcp, 3aropKa fOo'Iy60BHn

Cpe.n:CTBHMa 3a npOH3BO.IJ:lbY, no.n:p)KaBa}bCM pa3Boja npHBaTHor rrpe.n:)'3eTHHIll-

jenHx YCTaHOBa H KOH
cM3Ypa .n:aje npol\ec TpaH3Hl\IIjc "Ff3a3BaO nOMcnbY y
TBa,
Ma;'IHOr cYLJeJbaBafba pa3JIH'lHTHX Onu,Hja, Harno npo.n:l1pafbe caCBHM RORHX

HOMCKHX npoMjeHa. TaKaB npaBal\ pa3Boja npemOCT3BJba OCJI06atjalbe eKOHO-

H.n:eja, HOpMH nOllaIllafba H Bpe.n:HOCHI1X 0pHjeHTal\Hja .n:onpHHeJIO je noja'lalbY

MHje 0)], YTHuaja nOJlHTHKe, npoBoryefbe npOl(eCa npHBaTH3al\Hjc, OCTBapHBafbe

aHoMIljc H JlaKOM cKJIH3nyny y .n:eBHjaHTHO nOHalllaIbe, 6y.n:ynH .n:a nojeJIHHu,IT

YClIOBa 3a
HHCY HMa;'lH HH HHCTHryl\HOHa;lHC OCHOBe a HI1 H.n:ejHHX KPHTCpHjYMa 33 rrpOMeHY YBcpel:ba H nOHaIllafba,,18.

Y COl\Hja;lHoj c
Ha Yp3ry TaKBHX KOHIJ,enl\Hja paCrrpaBJba ce H 0 .n:CMOKp3TH3al\IljH o.n:l:IOca y IllKOJIII, npeMa MO,r:jeJIY .n:eMOKpaTH3arU1je .n:pYIllTBa. PaCnpaBJba ce 0

.n:PYillTBO 3aCHOBaHO je Ha Tmypa.TlH3My H.n:eja, HOBHX .n:PYillTBeHHx H JlFf'lHnX BpnjeliHocTH, eMaHUl1nauHjH HH.n:HBH.n:ye H TOKfbH Ka OTBOPCHOCTI1. KOlru,cn-

MorynHocTHMa Bener YTl1IIaja, HC caMO YLJeHHKa H pon:HTeJba Hero H CTaHOB-

unja HOB or n:PYillTBa, Koje Te){
lIHKa JlOKaJIHC 3ajc.n:HFfue, H3 KpCHpafbe HaCTaBHH.X nporpaMa II Bene KOHTPOJIC

IIH.n:HBHn:yaJIHHX BpHjc.n:nOCTII, Ha patryn KOJlCKTHBH3Ma Kap3KTepHCTFftIHOr 3a npCTxo.n:HO (3aTBopcno) APYUlTBO. OTBopeno .n:PYillTBO jc UII)]' KOjHM ce Te)J(H,

palla HaCTaBHHKa Kao 11 ItieJIOKynHor
jep ce fberOBOM a¢HpMal\HjOM Mory pefulH30BaTH ne caMO nOlIHTFf'IKII H

TaKo, Ha npHMjcp, HCKYCTBa Y MafjapcKoj rrOKa3yjy .n:a cc HaCTaRHH rrporpaMH

eKOHOMCKH, nero H IIH.n:HBl1.L\ya,lHo-nCHXOJlOIUKH acneKTH npoMjcHa. YMjecTo

nojc.n:Hl:IHX OCHOBHI1X IUKOJla pa3JIHKyjy H n:o 19 HHTepccHMa lIOK!lJiHe 3ajellHHu,e .

.n:pYliITBa KOHummpaliOr no H.n:ejH je.n:BaKHX nOYpe6a, pa3BHja ce KOHl\enT .n:pYillTBa y KojeM .n:OJIa3H .n:o V!3pmIC3ja npe.n:Y3cTHHillTBO H HHHUHjanma rroje.n:HHua. TIoce6Ba KapaICTepHCTHKa HOBor JIPYIUTBa je pa3BHjalbe I1HCTIITYUHja .n:p)J(aBHe KOHYpOJlC H a¢l1pMal\l1je I1HTCpeCa rp3tjaHa, C jeAHe, Te oMoryhaBafbe OCTBapHBalba H 3aIUTHTC rpaljaHCKI1X npaBa H cno60.n:a, C ):(pyre CYpaHe. )];PYIl1M pHje'lHMa, TaKBO .n:PYIUTBO je OTIIOPCHO 3a n:lIja;'Ior He caMO ca llpyraLJHjHM nOJlHTFf'iKHM onu,HjaMa H H.n:ejaMa Hero H ca ApyratmjHM BpHje.n:HOCHHM opIljeHTal\HjaMa. HOEO .n:PYIUTllO je 3acHOB3HO Ha npHHl\Hrry "clI060.n:a nojc.n:HHl\aje YCflOB cJl060.n:e Ha HHn:IIBHn:yaJIHO-nCHXOJlOllIKOM IT.'Iany ellH,,(eIITHC cy jOlii H3p3JKeHMje rrpoMjcHe. TIono)J(aj noje.n:Hf!L(a y TeKynHM npoMjcHaMa OCJlOlheH je Ha pa3Boj

54

40 O.n:CTO, jep cY npl1JlarofjeHH

'.

Tpe6a HarrraCHTl1·.LJ.a MCljy aHaJlHT1I'lUpHMU ZlPYIllTBCllHX IIpo~ljcHa He IIOCTOjH . IIoTnyHa cafrraClIOCT·.o ckJJ,yqHHM nHTalbHMa Kom,eIIUHjc HOBOI' .LJ.pYIllTBa. 3ana)f(CHa ey H 17) OB)Jje

CXBayalba 110 KojiiMU flpouec rpU1I3HlU1jC IlY)KHO He BO,llH HQBQ ,lIPYUlTBO Y tiJoPMHpulhe QTBOpeHor ,1j'lYIllTSa; Rei-OWl ~e Y llCKHM cJlY'lujcBHMa jaBJba tiJCHOMClI Tpanc
55

OCllM TOra, 6llTaH aCneKr 2l,eMOKpaTll3alJ,Iije y lllKOnH 02l,HOCII ce Ha rrpoMjeHe y n03HlJ,MjM HaCraBHMKa M n03HlJ,~M ytreHMKa. Pa3YMJbIiBO je 2l,a ce OCHOBHil npilHlJ,HI1H 110HalIIafba rrojC2l,ilHlJ,a y 2l,pYlIITBy Mory I1pHMl1jeHHTil Ha nOHalllaFbe YLICHHKa y HaCTaBI:l. Y TOM KOHTeKcry je mBjecHo 2l,a ce 02l, yqeHHKa Tpe6a 3axTHjeBaTH 1I02l,Y3HMafbe Pa3JJHqHTHX aKTHBHOCTIi, KaKO 6H ce 02l, fbera Kao rroje2l,IiHlJ,a KaCH~e MOrJJ:a OqeKH.BaTIi IfHIilJ,IijaTIiBa y pjelllaBalbY Ba)KHIiX l1IiTaIba Y .n:pYlllTBy. ,Il;a 6il ce TaKBe npoMjeHe Mone OCTBapllTI1 y HailleM BacnilTHO-06pa30BHOM pa):(y, HeOnX02l,HO je ocnoc06ilTil HaCTaBHllKe 3a npHMjeHY illiTCpaKrl1BHilX MeT02l,a pMa y HaCTaBM 11 npoM11jeH11m nOJIO)J(aj yqeHHKa

ja.IIHe OKOJ1HOCTl1, aJJI:l II HeKe 2l,pyre l
y HaCTaBHOM pa.n:),. ,Il;pyr11M p11je LUfMa, HeOllX02l,HO je yqeHllKe Ii3 naC11BHe YJIOre cn)'llIaOlJ,a nOMjepam Ka )'J10311 aKT11BH11jer KpeaTOpa HaCTaBHOr pa.n:a.

Ha Ml1jclbalbe O.L\HOCa npocnjeTHI:lX pa,UH11Ka rrpeMa rrpoMjeHaMa. Me1)YTllM, aI(ryemle 2l,pYIllTBeHe npor,ljeHe cy H3a3BaJle TOnI:lKO MIlOro

Jc.n:aH 02l, OCHOBHIiX ycnoBa 3a Hp11XBaTafbe CB11X npoMjeHa y )KllBOry

pa3nHQI:lTI:lX ecpeKaTa 11 rrOCJbe2l,lllJ,a 2l,U ce rrpocjeQHO yrrytieHoM nojeJlHHl..\Y CBe TO LII1HI1 Kao 36pKa 6e3 nOLIeTKa 11 Kpaja. Y jaBHocTH er3llCTHpa BeJlllKl1 6poj

rroje2l,11HlJ,a, rra TaKO If YBo~elba IfHOBalJ,Hja y HaCTaBY, 3aCHOBUH jc Ha yCKJJa1)eHocT11 npoMjelIa CU CTaBOBHMa l1oje2l,11HlJ,a. IbBjccHo je, Hal1Me, 2l,U CTaBOB11 Koje 110jC2l,I1HlJ,11 HMajy rrpeMa nojaBaMa, npOlJ,eCHMa HfIH 06jeKTHMa KOjH fiX

a.nTepHaTl1Ba 11 Moryt1l1X pjeUIefba TaKO 2l,a ce MO)Ke CJI060,UHO Ka3aTI1 KaKO BJ1a.n:a npaBa 36pK3 y MHoro6pojH11M BapHjaHTaMa J1 MoryliHOCTI1Ma BJ1UIecTpyKor ll360pa. CTaHOBHHlJ,1i cy y Jl06poj MjepH 36YlheHll H Jle30plljeHTHcaHH, HOCTaJJrWIHO ce rr03HBajyliH Ha paHl1ja BpeMeHa, Ka2l,a je 6R11o pe2l,a J1 Ka2l,a ce 3HaJJO KO lllTa TpeGa JJ,a pa,n:H. I1pBe IlOCJbe):lI:llJ,e .rrpYllJrBeHO-nOnHTH4KI1X I:l eKOHOMCKIiX rrpoMjcHa K02l, MHOro6pojHIiX rrojC2l,l1HaIJ,a Hajqellllie MaHI:l
OKPY)Kyjy Y BenllKoj Mjepll yrWlY lie caMO HU npoujeHY fbHXOBe npHjC2l,HOCTil RI1il 110)J(CJbHOCTH Hero H Ha crrpeMHOCT .L\a ce y Bcnoj llill1 MaIbOj Mjeprr aHrU)J(yjy l1peMa 2l,l1peKlJ,11jH CBOjHX CTaBOBa. TaKaB 3aKJbY4aK npOH3yLla3H H3 l1p11pO.L\e CTaBa, KOjH HMa Ca3HajHY, a
paTHl1M TpaYMaMa 11 TelllKoliaMa, 3HaQajHo o.n:pa3I:lne Ha jaLIafbe HeCI:lrypHOCTI1

Hero HenpeMOCTHBa 6apHjepa YBo1)efby rrpoMjeHa y HaCTaBHlI pa2l,.

H 6ecrrepCneKTI:lBHOCTH, a THMe H Ha 2l,RI1eMe 0 nOTpe6H aKIU1je.

I1peMa pe3ymaTHMa lICTpU)JiliBalha, Koje je ayTOp 2l,06HO Ha y30pKy 20 rrpocBjeTHIiX pa,ll,HMKa H3 PC , MO)J(e ce KOHCTaTOBaTlI: npBO, jacHa M Herr02l,lIjeJbeHU rr03HTHBHa opHjeHTalJ,~a upocBjeTHHx pMHHKa rrpeMa rrpoMjeHaMa youune, H rrpeMa rrpoMjeHaMa y 06pa30Bafby Perry6nHKe Cpl1CKe, H 2l,pyro, 113pU)KeHy 2l,H
56

Y TOM KOHTeKcry, He Tpe6a mry6I:lTll 113 Bl12l,a qI:lfbeHlll..\Y .n:a CTaPl1jl1 rrpocBjeTHI:l pa,ll,HI1UI:l 11Majy yrnaBHoM HeraT11BHO I:lCKYCTBO C npeTX02l,HHM rrpoMjeHaMa I:l CBOM rrOJIO)Kajy y TI:lM rrpoMjeHaMu, Te CTora nomLIHO HCKa3yjy pe3epBy rrpeMa HajaBJbeHI:lM rrpoMjeHaMa. TIoce6Ho, KMa ce HMa Ha YMY CHara H cMjep YTHlJ,aja Mel)YHap0,UHor
57

.na je Haj60Jbe HHillTa He MHjeIhaTl1 Hero 3a,np:llmnr "cTaryc KBO" H TaKO ce 3aIllTl1THTI1 o.n HerrOBOJbHl1X yrHuaja H TeH.n:eHuHja. II Ha Kpajy Tpe6a HarJJaClITH .n:a je orrlliTe orrpe.r\ieJbeIhe CTpy
llOj3M H

cyruTIUIa HHTCP3leTHBHe n3CT3BC

Y came):(aBalbY OCHOBHHX KapaKTepHcnIKa HHTepaKTHBHe HaCTaBe B3}ICRO

22 orrlliTe CJI3raIhe Hli3a aYfopa .n:a ce UHmepaK'1uja, .n:eqmHlfllie Kao "}'3ajaMHo oeJ10eal-be rrOHallIaH,a ,IlBajy HJTH BHIIle je.L\HHKH, r.n:c je.n:aH aKT rro6yljyje peU;HrrpoHM Me1jyco6HHM )'THuajHMa". IIo,IJ, rrojMoM Y'lelbe y IIe,IJ,arOlIlKOllf pCCHOM nOHallialbY, Koje 3aTHM oCTajy Kao ,IJ,eo HCKycTBa JlH
.n.,

JleCHe onepaU:Hje Kao o,IlroBop Ha arrcTpaTCTHe H KOHKpeTHe 3a.naTKC». IIo,IJ, rrojMoM uacmaea y IIc.n:arolliKoM pC'1HI1Ky

je carne,n:aTH HeKonHKO 6HTIU1X acneKaTa. OCI1M OHHX Kojn ce O,IJ,HOCe Ha nojaM

1(1967, CTP 614), (eHrJJe-

H CyIllTHHy HInepaKTHBI·re HaCTaBe H HHTepaTCTHBHor yqeH,a CBaKaKO cy 6l1THa

CKM: teaching,

H nHTafba 0 npHpO,llIt H ,IJ,HHaMliL\li couHjanHe I1HTepaKuHje Kao OCHOBHor 21 npoueca y HHTepaKTHBHoj HaCTaBH . Y TOM KOHTeKcry y jaBIIOcTH ce jaBJbajy

PYCKH: o6y./euue) DOJ(pa3YMHjeBa cc "CIfMYJIT3H Bacmmw06pa30BHH pa,n KOjH je HCpa3JIy'1HBO nOBC3aH ca JJIKOJ!OM TUlH IhOj CJ1I1'UlOM HHCTHryU}ljOM H Y KOMe ce CT(l)'IHO MaHH
pa3JIH'urre .n:HneMe, Koje ce o.n:Hoce Ha HenpeUH3HO KOpl1ruTelbe He caMO rrojMoBa HHTepaKuHja H KOMYHHKaUl1ja, Hero H rrojMoBa HHTepaKTliBHa HaCTaBa, HHTepaTCTHBHO yqelbe H HHTepaKUHja. EBH,lIeHTHO je, HaHMe, ,Ll.a ce y jaBHOCTll (He caMO ruHpoj Hero H CTpy
(2001, CTp. 11) HarJIaruaBa .n:a pa3JIHKe y o,llpe-

instruction, qlPal-lLlYCKH: enseignement, lbeMatrKH: Untericht,

O):(HOCHO rrOJIa3HHKa. OCHOBHH aTpl10yr H 3Ha"CfCIhC BaCTaBe rnpa){cem! cy y . TOMe ):(a je HaCTaBa HaY'IHO 3aCHOBaH l-f CHCTeMaTCKH opraIDBOBaH HHCTHryuHOHaJIHl-f BaCDHTHo-06pa30BHH pa,n: HaMelbCH yqeHHL\HMa, O):(HOCHO rrO,'Ia3Hl-fUHMa o.n:pelJCHor Y3paCTa H ):(H
ljefbHMa couHjanHe HHTepaKLlHje Koje je Moryne HanH 11 y mneparypli " ... rrpo-

r,llje ce He):(OBOJbHO rr3JKlbe nOKJralbana aKTHBHOCTHMa Y'1eHHKa y rrpouecy y"le-

H3IDIa3e, npe CBera, H3 IheHe CJIO)KeHOCTll, CBQjcTBa 0 KojeM PC"tfllTO roBOPH MaHH
lba, 3aHef>13pyjynH TaKO npHpO):(He CTCJIOHOCTH .r\ieu:e ):(a BnaCTHTOM aKTHBllOiliny

Pa,IJ,H ujenOBHTnjer CXBaTalha OBaKO CnO)ICeHliX
. Y JIIfTeparypH

ce rro.n: nojMoM KOMYUUKa/.fuje (naT. communicatio - caorrWTaBalbe) Haj'Ierutie nO,IJ,pa3YMHjeBa rrpouec npeHOUIel-ba ca,n:p){caja o,n: je)J,Hor cyojeKTa ,n:pyroM (BocaHau:, M., MaH,lIHn, 0., IIeTKoBHn, C., 1977), .n:OK je

21) Brune 0 YfHuajy coulljaJllll-lx qJalITopa Ha Y'IClbe Il rroce6HO 0 06mUHlMa []CI1XOC01(lljam-lc IlHTepaKllllje Y Y'!CfbY '!l-ITanau MOlKC Harm Y TeKCTY n. KpHCTa: CoulljaJll!J1 !jJalITopll Kao )1eTepMllllaHTa mnepaKTIlBHOr y,!Cfba, y CTY)1Hjll I1HTCpa](TIlUHO y'!cfbe I, MmHlcTapcTBo []pOcBjeTe Pc[]y6mmc Cp[]CKe, BaH,a JIYKa, 1999. rommc.

58

.n:orrpHHoce KpeHpalby CHryaU:l1ja y KojHMa ce Y'Il1. Ha Taj Ha"Cfl1H K.JlaCH'1Ha HaCTaBa .n:onPHHOCH rraCHBH3auHjl1 .n:jeue CTaBJbajynH lfX y CHTya1iHjy "orpaHH'1eHOr aKTHBHTeTa", IlITO .n:pyrHM pHje'1HMa 3HaHOCTH cnyraBaHe (capa,llIM, ,IJ,oroBapalbe, pjellIaBalbe rrpo6neMa), C ,llpyre . cTPaHe,-:·

. . Iipoj~KaTiti{mueuo y'celbe-llaCma(J{P KOjI1 peanmyje I1BHn ca capa,IJ,Hl1uHMa.3acH01~aH je Ha H,llejl1 ,lla ce He MHjelba KJ1aCI1"laH pa3pe,llHO-QaCOBHI1 CHCTeM, ~i1 ):(·ace nOBena aKTHBHOCT y"tfeHHKa Y HaCTaBHOM pa.n:y. IIBI1n (2001,

•• e

22 ). Bmue.o TOMe '!IlTaJIau MOilce Hanll Y JTHTcp3rypu: Bocanal" M., MaH.mrn, 0., ITcTKOBlln,

1977, HHLllllIl, X. B. IlHHmmll, A. "lJ.. 1972, Kpcmn,}J,. (1988), XaBeHKa, H., 200l.

23) BHlIle 0 []pojeKTY aKTIlRHO y'refbc/HacTana '1l-ITa.~all MOlKe Hanll y: HRaH HBlln, AHa TIcilHlKaH;Cl06o)1aHKa AHTlln, (200]) AKTHBHO Y'Ielhc 2, HHCTH1)'T 3a rrcllxo,lofHjy , Beorpan:

59

CTp. 35) aKTIfBHO yqetbe-HacTaBY ,ll,e
24) KOl{l1em rrpo:\ljeHa YOQPa3osau,y Y Peny6JIHl1H CprrcKoj 1I3JlO)!(CI{ y

CrpaTcmjll 1I

KOlll1en l1l1jH rrpoMjeHa KojyJeycBojllJlO MHllH5TaPCTBO npocBjeTc Ha 'JeJlY ca MlIHHCTPOM AP HemUloM CY3HneM 6HO je nO'lCTaK YBoryelha HllTCPaKTHBHOr Y'lelba y Haw 06pa30BIIH CHCTeM.

60

KOIfTeKCTy BIDKHO je HarnaCllTM ,ll,a yqeI:be y MHTepaIITIfBHoj HaCTaBIf npemoCTaBJba HC caMO 'lUCTO CTHuafbe 3HaI:ba Hero ce CXBaTa MHoro llIHpe, jep ce TOKOM TaKBor YLleI:ba nO,ll,CTUqe YBI1~aI:bC, COl(IfjaJl1l3aU;Mja JIIf'lHOCTM, ,n:orrpIl.HOCM
CJIll
61

Y HaIlloj 06pa30Bl-roj TIpaKCIi lfHTepaKTIIBHa HaCTaBa ce
!

HacTaBa), Cr3eMrrJTapHa, HBAHBH)l:yiL1ll30BaHa,

I

Hacmaea

MO.1lCJIOBaIhe HaCTaBC

rrporpaMupaHa, THMCKa, MHKpO H

I 06nHK KOMYHHKallHje

I ca Y'ICHHKOM

I

06nHK COlll10JlOIDKC cpOpMalll1je

uumepaKmu6ua

,I(llpCKTHa H HHAl1pel(THa HaCTaBa pa3pe,l\Fra, rpYIIHa II HHAIlBHJly,mHa H3CT3Ba

,I(lIJICMC, rroce6HO KO,I( HaCTaBHlfKa KOjH Taj KOHllem Tpe6a ,I(a pcam13y:jy y rrpaKCH. MeljYTHM, lI3BjecHe HerrpeI.\1I3HOCTH H HcjacHone cy CBHJlcHTlrC He

YBIiJI Y npeJlCTaBJbeHY Ta6eny (Ta6cna 6poj

2)

rroKa3yje ,lla HHTcpaK-

caMO Y Harvla ,I(OCT)'rrtwj (,I(OManoj H CTPaHoj) JIl1TCpaTypH, Hcro H Y jaBHHM

THBHa HaCTana lmje TIOCMaTpaHa Kao lIocc6aH MO;1.Crr HaCTaBe, jep KJlaCH'lHa

HaCTYTIlfMa 3BaHH'lHHX rrpC,I(CTaBHHKa 06Pa30BHHX HHCTIITYUHja VI I1CTaKH)TlfX

Al1,I(aKTHKa TIHTaIhHMa 3KTHBHOCTH y t iCHHK3 Y npOllCCY YIClha lmje nocBel1H-

CTpY'IfhaKa, rra HHje cny'lajHo uno 06a3PIIBlIjlI aYTopli HaMjcpHo 1136jeraBajy

BMa JlOBO.lbHO TImKfhC. lbY3eTaK cy pa3HoBpcrm TIOKYlIlajH ,I(a ce P33JTl1'lHTHM

KopHlllTefhC 6lIJIO Kojer TIojMa ,I(a HC 6H CTBap,WII ,I(O,I(aTHC HeCflopa3YMC (Hnp. SaJoviita,

06JTllllHMa ,UTUJaMH3Hpafba HaCTaBe (IIH,I(HBH.1lY3o'I1I3allHjOM HaCTaBHor pa,I(a HJTI1 YBol)elhcM Pa3JTlf'IHTl-lX JlPymx HHoB3uHja) TIpOl'vmjcHIi omma opr3Ilm3Il}!ja

1999).

OU()aKmU'lKU Mooell opzallUJau,uje eacnumlto-ofipaJo81tOz paoa, 'll1jl1 jc lllI.'b 360r Tora 611 HtITepaKTIIBHY HaCTaBY 6llJIO 60}bC CarJle,I(aTIi Kao

'laca, TIPOMHjcHH YJlora HaCTaBHHK3 U TIOBena aKTHBHOCT }"ICHHKa. ,I(pyrHM PHjC'II1Ma, OCHOBHa jc H,I(eja Aa cc Te)KI1 opraHH3al\lljlI HaCTaBe H ,llOHel
CMafhHBafhC 6apHjepa y y'lCfhy II pa)Bojy Y'leHI1Ka, a JWjlI cc 3aCHI1Ba Ha

H3MlIjeHH KJIaCH'lHH pa3pc,I(HO-'laCOBHH CHCTeM y KOjcM ,I(OMHHHpa qlpOHTiL'IHII

rrpHHllHrry rrplIJIaroljaBalha urKOJTe Y"!CHHKY, a He yqcHHKa lUKOJTI1, jcp HHTC-

pa,I( H TIpC,I(aB3'lKa aKTI1BHOCT HaCT3BHHKa, ,I(a 6H ce yqeHHK H3 IJaCUBHe

paKTHBHa HaCTaBa YBa)KaBa Hl1,I(HBll,I(YMHC pa3JIHKe Mcljy Y'lCHlIllIIMa II OMOry-

TI03HI.\ajc KOjy liMa ,I(OBCO Y aKTIIBHY TI03Ul\I-ljy.

naBa Hll,I(IIBII,n:yMHO yqclhe. HCTIO,I(HjeJbeHO je MHIILlbefhe CKCTICpaTa 3a TIPOM-

IiMajynH Y BH,llY crrCI.\H
jeHe y 06pa30BafhY JIa je IIHTepaKTlImra HaCTana O,I(ronop Ha H3a30B MIIJTC-

paga, a YBmK3BajynH HaBe,llCHC KPHTCPHjYMC II KJlaCH
HlIjYMa II TIOKyuraj TIpeBa3HJTa:lKefbaja3a H3Mc1)y TIoTpc6a JIPYIIITBa II flocmrHYTHX e
(1998)

HaBOAll KpliTepHjYMe TIpeMa KojHMa cy Y ,llOCa,I(alIlfhoj ,I(HAaKTII'lKoj CTI03HajH

M. BHJTOTlIjeBHn, UllmepaKmueua llacmaea ce MOJlCe KllaclUjJUKoeamu Kao Jace61la epcma u(Jcmaee l1]JeJlta KpumepujY.lfY om)aJ{]1lU'lKO MOOl!.!706a1be llacmaee, Kao IIITO cy: npc,I(3Ba'IKa, er3CMllJIapH3, HH,llHBH,n:yIBJlO)!{IIO

aJIH30BaHa, TIpOrp3MHpaHa, THMCKa H .n:pyrc BPCTC HaCTaBe.

Y

TOM KOHTeKCT)'

ce oTBapajy MHora 6HTIIa TIHTafba, 3 TIpHje CBcra IJHTafha 0 fheHHM 6lITHHM

KJIacH
K3paKTcpHCTHKaMa, OfllIlTOj opraHH3au;I-ljH, nOJTo)!(Ujy H aKTHBHOCTHMa HaCTaB-

I1HTepaKTHBH)' HaCTaBY Kao BpCT)' TIocc6H)' BpCT)' HaCTaBe, Kao IIITO CC MO)Ke

HHK3 H Y'lCHHKa Y BaCIJHTHo-06pa30BHOM pa,n:y, Tj. y TaKBoj opr3mf3allI-lju

BHAjeTll Y Ta6emr 6poj T6 a eJIa

BaCTIHTHO-o6pa30BHor p3,I(a H ,llpyra TIHT3fba.

2.

6p. 2 BpCTe HaCTaBe C 0 6311POM Ha Pa3JIH'lHTC

Kpl1Tepl1jYMl1

KPHTCpl1J)'Me

27

EnTHe KapaKTeplICTIIKC HHTepaKTIfBue uaCTaBe

BpcTa HaCTaBe

I

OCHOBHOIUKOJICKa, Cpe,lllhOIUKOncKa,

l1.HCTI1T)T1HOHiL'IHH

,I(a 61I KapaKTeplICTl1Ke HHTepaKTHBHe uaCTaBe 6HJTC jactlHje, Y OBOM pa,n:y

Bl:fCOKOIIIKonCKa

heMo IIX YTIOpe,I(IfTH ca KapaKTepHCTUKaMa KJlaCH"IHe Pa3PC,I(HO-'laCOBHe HaCTaBe.

yqllOHHqKa, HaCTaBa Y npl1pOAI1, HaCTaBa y

06jeKTI1 l:f3Boljelha

Pa3pe,I(HO-'l3COBHa HaCTaBa KOHU;Hl1l1paHa je Ha IIOCTaBKl;Ma paI.\l1(lHa~

KynTYPHHM 11 ,llPYrHM UHCTHTYIIHiaM3-

YnoTpe6a

TeJTeBl:f3HjcKa, pa,ll110-HaCT313a, KOMTIjYTepcKa

JlHCm'lKe H HHTe;lcKT)'aJlHCTH'lKe TIe.n:aromja Xep6apTa 11 fberOBor yqefha,o,·

,lll:f,llaKTHqKHX MC,llHja

HaCTaBa, MynTHMC,I(HjcKa HaCTaBa:,


ilpHrra,llHOCT HaCTaBHor

HaCTaB3 npHpoAHITX, ;!\pymTseHHx,

KOjH cy ce OJlPa3J1JlH (H ,llaHac cc oJIpU)!(anajy) Ha mCMaTIBaM HaCTaBe.YBinKa,:

rrpe,llMeTa HayqHOYMjeTHlIqKoj o6JTacTI1

JTHHrBlICTH'IKHX, YMjeTHfiTjXIIX BaYKa, HaCTaBa MaTeMaTHQKI1X npe,llMe-ra :~-

TOK HaCTaBHor 'laca Ka,LIa CBaKH 'lac Tpc6a ,I(3 HMa YBO,llHH, rnaBHH H,33BpmHI1_"-

J\I1.1laKTI1'lKO

HHQJOPMallI10HCi'-llJIycTpaTHBHa (npe,I(aB3'IKa --

Bajynn Te
YCTaHOBJb-eHje:~-::

,LIHO. OCHM Tora pa3pe,I(HO-'raCoBHa HaCTaBa KOHIU1flHpaHa je Ha TIOCTaBKaM3 TeopI.qc
27)

ITpCpCTO


62

y3

Eeorpa..u

car;JaCHOCT

M.

BI1HoTMjcBHna

113 Klhl1re BpCTe naCTaBe (1998),

-

-

_-

Y'II1TCJbCKI1

_

63

no TOM KOHuemy YCTaHOSJbeHO je CXBaTa.fbe, Koje H )l,aI1aC er3HCTHpa y IlIKOflH, Jla yy.C.fbe HanaMeT flaTHHCKHX TeKCTOBa )l,OnpHHOCH 60JbCM rraMhc.fbY

y KOMHHllKaUHjH ca ,n,pyrnMa, CMa1'pa ce ,n:aje KOMllHHKaIIHja ca .upyrHMajC)l,aH o,n: HajB3)f(HHjHX LIllHllJIaua HC Cal\lO ,n:06pe opraHH3auYlje BaCIlHTHo-o6pmOBHor

CaJlP)Kaja H3 HCTOPHjC HflH )l,pyrHX cTpaHHXjc3HKa, )l,OKjC HaCTaSH MaTeMaTHKe

pa)l,a Hero II cpaKTOp pa3Boja JII1LJHOCTH y LtieJIHHH. Y TOM KOHTeKcTy MHOllITBO HHTcprrepCOWLHHHX O,L(HOCa nojc,n:}!Haua H rpyrra ce ycrroCTaBJbajy y pmJIH-

rrpH)l,asaHa rrocc6Ha BIDKHOCT y BjC)K6a.fbY naMhc.fba H MHIlIJbC.fba. TaKBa cxsaTaIba 3aCHosaHa cy Ha nOCTaBKaMa )l,a npOCTO ynpa)K.fbasa.fbe jC)l,He nCHXHy.Ke cpYHKUHje (y OBOM crryy.ajy rraMilcIba H MHllJJbe.fba) )l,OnpUHOCH .fbllXOSOM Pa3BHTKY, Te )l,a je 3a Te cpYHKUHje BmKHO Bje)K6a.fbc Ha noce6HHM ca.L\p)KajHMa. "CMaTpaHO je )l,a cy TH rrpe.L\MCTH KOPHCHH He caMO 3601' Tora IlITO yqChH HX CTHy.eMO

O):(pC~CHO 3HaIbC HCro, npc cBera, 3601' Tora

LJHTHM mmOBHMa H Mory 6HTll o,n: ll3Y3eTHe KOPllC'fH 3a COIIHjaJIH3aUHjy H CKJlaL(aH Pa3BOj JIH'IHOCTH. Ha TO rroce6HO YKmyjy nCHXOJI03ll npC,L(CTaBHHUH 29 XYMaHHCTll'IKe rrCHXOJIOrnjc KOjH cMaTpajy ):(a COIIujaJIHH O,L(HOCH Mory 6HTH rrpccy,L(HH 3a YHarrpel}HBaibe BacrrHTHO-o6pa30BHOr pa.L\a y WKOJIH. OCHM TOra

llJTO OBH

OBH npc,n:CTaBHHUH cMaTpajy ,n:a cou,lljaJIHII O,n:HOCH ,n:onpHHOCC HC caMO COIIH-

rrpe):(MeTH pa3BHjajy cnoc06HOCT naMnC.fba H yy.e.fba. Bpe)l,HocT OBHX llJKOj1CKHX

ja.HHOM, eMOUHOHaJIHOM II BOJbHOM Hero H KorHHTHBHOM pmBojy rroje,n:llHua.

npe):(MeTa, BflaL(aJIO je MHllJJbe.fbe, HHjc rrpBcHcTBCHO y ca)l,p)Kajy KOjU cc yqu Hcro y npHpo):(u npc):(MeTa KOjU ce yqH, y CPOPMaJIHOj OC06HHH npe):(MeTa28 ,

,lJ,pY)Ke.fbe ca .L\pyrnMa (BpIllIbaUHMa H O.L\paCJIHM) TOKOM Y'Ie.fba J],orrpHHOCH

Koja jc BHIIle HflH Ma.fbe noro.uHa .ua pa3BHje HallJe crroc06HOCTH" (POT,

1990,

60raTlclhY JIII'IHHX 11CKYCTaBa, WTO je O)l, CYllITHHCKor 3Ha'Iaja 3a HOpMaJIaH 30

pa3Boj ;:Jjeue 11 MJla,n:HX. CMaTpa CC, HaHMe, .ua jc cou11jaHHa pmMjcHa

112). CMaTpaIIO je ):(a HHjc 61ITHO y llJKOJICKC nJraHOBe ysecTH npc):(MeTc

Haj3Ha'IajHHja 3a KOrHllTHBHI1 pmBoj MJIa,L(llX, C 063Hp0:\1 ,n:a ce Ha Taj Ha'IHH

KOjH lie 6IITn KopncHH no OHOMe llJTO ce yLIn WIH UITO he 6HTH KOPHCHO 3a KacHHjy aKTHBHOCT LIOBjeKa, Hero ):(a je " ... BmKHO yLIIITH npe):(MeTe KOjH ne

CTWIY HC caMO HOBa 3Ha.fba, YMlljC.fba II BjewTI1He, Hero ce YLIC MO,n:C.111, . 6 31 rrpHHUHnH 11 npamVIa 3a PJewaBa.fbe CBaKo,n:HCBHllX )KI1BOTHHX rrpo JICMa .

CTp.,

pa3snjanr crroc06rIOCTH yonWTC. 3aTO cy uempaJ1llO MjecTo paHHje y llJKOJlaMa

OCHM Tora. CKcnepl1MCHTaHHH pa,n:OBU )KeHeBcKC nCHXOJlOllIKe llIKOJIC

HMaJI~ KJIaCHy.HH je3HUH, 3a KOjC ce BepOBaJIO .ua pmsYljajy TaKBe cnoc06HOC'fH,

(nHj3)f(e - "aKTHBHa KOHCTpYKL\llja 3Ha.fba") U MOCKOBCKe nCUXOJIOWKe llJKOJIe

HaKO Je y CBaKO):(HeBHOM )KHBOTY 0):( MaH,er 3Hal.laja" (POT, 1990, cTP., 112). OsaKBa CXSaTa.fba cy paHHje y BeJIHKoj MjepH yrnuana Ha KOHucrrIIHjy H opraHH3auHjy HaCTaBe, aJIlI je CSH.uCHTHO .ua cc jOllJ YBHjeK MOry qyTH Kao

(BHrOTCKI1 -

aprYMeHTOBaHa 06jallJ.fbe.fba - noce6Ho KO,n: HaCTaBHHKa JIaTHHCKor je3HKa H MaTeMaTHKe, HaKO cy HOBHja eKcnepHMeHTaJIHa rrCHXOJIOWKa HCTpmKUBa.fba

"KOHCTpYKu,Hja 3Ha.fba Y OKBllPY aCHMeTpHLIHC HHTepaKUHje

I;i3MCl}y ;:JjCTeTa H o,n:paCJIor") ,n:ajy TCOPHjCKO ynopHmre 3a no,n:pllIKY YBO~C.fby HHTcpaKTllBHe HaCTaBe. Pa,n:H rrpCme.L\HOCTH, y Ta6cJIH 6poj

3

rrpe,n:cTaBJbCHC cy jOllJ HeKe

KapaKTepucTHKe pmpc)l,HO-'IaCOBHC H HHrepaKTHBHe HaCTaBC.

rrOKa3aJIa .ua Bje)K6aIbe y pjemaBaIbY apHTMeTlly.KllX 3a.uaTaKa 3aHCTa .uOBO.uH )l,0 ycrrjemHHjer pjewaBaIba .n:pyrHX apHTMeTH'IKHX 3aL(aTaKa, aJIH caMO OH,LI,a Ka)l,a cy rrpH YLIefbY HCTHuaHH rrpHHUHrrH 3aKJbYLIHBalba H rrpaBHfla pjemasa.fba

3at\aTa~a. Ha :raj Ha'IHH je .n:OKa3aHO .L\a " ... apHTMeTHKa H reoMeTPHja HMajy H3secHY Bpe.uHOCT 3a pa3BHjafbe MHWJbC.fba, YKOflHKO ce Y HaCTaBH YKmyje Ha ot\pel}eHe rrpHHuHnc 3aKJbyy.HBa.fba H JIOrH'IKOr MHllIJbC.fba", aJIll.ua ce "CJIH'IHa KOPHCT rrOKmaJIa H o,n: ,n:pyrHx HaCTaBHHX rrpe,n:McTa Ka,n:a cy OBH rrpc):(asaHH TaKO )l,a jc YKa3HBaHO Ha TO KaKO CC ,n:omflO .n:o o,n:pel}cHor CmHa.fba H KaKO Tpc6a H3S0)l,HTll orrmpYljc 3aKJbY'lKC (POT, 1990., CTp. 113).

HltmepwonuelJa IJacmaea je 3aCHOBaHa Ha caBpeMeHHM cmHaIbHMa H3 pa3BojHe rrcHXorrornjc, a rrpHje CBera Ha yqelbY ,n:a MHoro6pojml cpaKropH (~PllMa~Hll

llJIll ceKyH.L\apHH, noce,n:HO HJIH HCnOCpC.L\HO, y Bchoj HJIH Ma.fboj

~epH, ja'Ie WIll. cJIa6l1je) cy;:JjeJIyjy y npOl.\ecy COl.\HjaJIHOr yy.e.fba H Ca3pHJeSaIba ~11Y.HOCTH.

Y JIHTcparypH ce Haj'lcmhc, Kao rrpHMapHH cpaKTOpH COl.\Hja-

JIl13aUl1Je HaBO.L\e POJ],HTCJbH, HaCTaSHHUll II BpWlhaUH ca KojHMa CC Hajy.CllIhe c~rra y )l,HpCKTHy HHTcpaKUHjy y rrpou,ccy COu,HjaJIH3alJ,Hje, )l,OK ce y pmBojy

.LIJcue H MJIa.L\HX OCTBapyje H HHTepaKUHja rrOCpe.L\CTBOM pmJIH'IHTllX )l,PYllITBCHHX HHCTI1TYUHja (rrpe.n:llIKOJICKllX YCTaHOBa, WKOJIa, ,n:pymfBeHHX opraHll3auIIja, cnopTCKHX Imy60Ba, cpeJ],CTaBa MaCOBHHX KOMYHHKaUHja, KyJIryp-' HHX YCTaHOBa). C 063HPOM Ha TO .L\a BeJIlUm ,n:HO CBor )KllBOTa lfOBjCK rrpOBo,n:H

28) TaKBO CXBaTalLe Ua:JllBa ce TeopHjoM rpOPMlL1JlllX JlHCllHJlJIllua.

64

29) .Haj3UaQajulljll

npeJlCTaBHIIUH XYMaHHCTII'1KC nCIIXOJlOfHje 1I1Ill "Tpene CllJle" y nCIlXO-

JlOrHjll cy: EpllX
c.,

65

Ta6eJIa 6p.3: HeIGl KOMnapaTI1BHI1 nOKaJaTeJbI1 paJpe,I(HO-'IaCOBHe I1 I1HTepaKTIIBHe HaCTaBe 06Iw,elKj a

I

PA3PE,l{FfO-QACOBHA HACTABA

I

- rrplmarofjeHaje "THllI1'IHOM" )"leHHK)', Tj. HacTaBaje nonemeHa npeMa lIManlHapHoM OCHOBHO )"leHHKy rrpocjetrHIIx nOJIa3HmTe MorynHOCTII, (HcnoTnpocjet:IHlIM )"leHHllHMa Hepai3YMJblma, a H3HaTrrpocjet:IHlIM )"lCHfIlllfMa nOca;rHa H3BOPH 3Hafba

I1Ma TpH ¢a3e: - npHnpeMalf,e 3a pan - peaJIli3armjy H - eBaJIyauHjy (or.ljeH>HBaH>e)

,[\OMHHaHTIDI MeHTaJIHH rrpOlIeCII KO.1\ )"leIDIKa

- aHra)J(OBaHII cy jenHocTaBHHjlI MlIcaOHII npOI.(eCH (CJIymaH>e, MeMOpHCaH>e H penpo.1\YKllHja) - qerrrne je )"leH>e HaiiaMeT y3 .1\OMHHalIlIjy nOTll)'He penpo.uyKllHje, Hero yqeH>e C p33YMHjeBaH>eM - .1\OMHHrrpa naMneH>e ca.1\plKaja, HMHTHpaH>e MOneJIa, IIpHMjeHa Ben n03Hanrx ma6noHa H HayqeHlIX MO.1\eJIa

- YCKJIafjHBaH>e HaCTaBe ca pa3JTl1'IliTlIM MorynHOCTI'lMa )"leHHKa, jep Mefjy )"leHHIIHMa rrocToje H3pa)I(eHe HH.L\HBH;rY3J1He pa3JUIKe He caMO y ¢H3l1'IKHM H HHTeJIeKTyaJIHHM Hero H y npyrHM aCrreKTlIMa - COllHjaJIHa CHryallHja (rwnocpenHa CTBapHOCT: npHpona, npOH3BO)J,H>a, K)'JIT)"pHe, H npyre HHCTHTYllHje), Te JIHTeparypa

- KH>Hra (yu6eHHK H panHC CBeCRe) I - HaCTaBHHK

¢33e pa.1\a

IIHTEPAKTHBHA HACTABA

Pan Ha npojeKTY lIMa t:IeTHpH ¢a3e: - rrplmpeMarf,e 3a pan - peaJIli3allHjy - rrpe3eHTalllIjy II - eBaJIyallHjy

y

rmTCpaI(nmHoj HaCTaBrr

YBoijelbc HHTepaKTHBHC HaCTaBC Y Halli 06p330BHH CHCTeM C llHJbeM rr060Jblli3H>a opr3Hl13aJ~Hje H eqlHKa ynory HaCTaSHlTKa. tlHTepaKTHBHa HaCTaBa CT3B.Tba HaCTaBHHKa y y.rrory ):(a rpara 3a MorynHocTHM3 npHIlaroljaBaTha rtienoKynHor HaCTaBHor pall,a He caMO KapaKTepHCTHKaMa Y'-leH11Ka (noTpe6aMa,

)KeJbaMa,

I1HTepeCOBaThHM3,

MorynHOCTilMa Koje npy)!(ajy

OC06HH8Ma YC.IOSH

JIHtrHOCTH)

Hero

H

Y Kojl1Ma Y"IeHHIl.H )Kl1se H

pa):(e. HacTaBHe aKTHBHOCTH y'!em1Ka I13BOll,e ce BaH lllKOJICKe 3rpaJ(e (My3ej, rancpHja, y rrpHp0ll,H), .ll,OK ce Y'UIOHHLW Mopajy rrpeypell:HTI1 (aKO jc H3MjeUlTaj rrOKpCTaH) 3a npe3eHTOBaThC yqeHl1'fKHX I13BjcIlTTaja, 3a IlITa je nOTpe6HO H LlpyraqHje BpHjeMc paLla - HajMalbe 6nOI( 'l3C llnH HaCT3B3 y OJIOKY. JeLiaH O.!l.

:VWll,cna opraHWlanHJC

OpraHlf3aUHj3 pa):(a Ha

paLla Je Tj. 06pa)lH Bene HaCTarme

rtienIfHe HmI HaCTaBHe TeMC. HaCTaBIlHK, HaHMe, OpraHII3yje pa)l ca Y'ICHl1l\HMa Ha 06pa,2:\H rtieJIOKynHc HaCTaBne TCMe, a He caMO je1l,He HaCTaBHC jep:mllfn:e. Y THM aKTllBHOCTHMa HaCTaBHHK npona311 Kp03 qeTHpH rj:la3C pap:a: I1plmpeMa 3a HaCTaBY, pe3J1H3an:l1ja npojcKTa, rrpe3eHTal(Hja Y'WHlT'IKUX pap:OBa 11 eBanyaI.(uja pa.D,a.

- aHrmKOBaHH cy CJIO)I(eHHjH H BHIUH MeHTaJIHH npOlleCH: MHIUJI>eH>a, KpeaTIIBHOCTH, nOBe3HBaH>e 3HaH>a, rrpaKTWIHa rrpHMjeHa 3HaH>a - )"leHHlIlI lIMajy CJIo6o.uy 1!36opa, liHlll.\HjaTHBY, CaMOCTaJIHOCT, MorynHocT pa3HOBpCHor l!3palKaBaH>a - qerrrne je yt:IeH>e C pa3YMujeBaH>eM Hero HaIIaMeT

YBIfil: Y TaKO npe.ll,CTaBJbeHe KapaKTepliCTIIKe paJpe.ll,HO-'-IaCOBHe H HHTepaKTHBHe HaCTaBe He.ll,BOCMIICJIeHO nOKaJyje ):(a H3Mel)YH>11X I10CToje 3HaqajHe paJJIIfKe, Koje ce HeM noje):(HHI1X 06IfJbe)Kja.

Y opniHll3aI.(lljll HaCTaBe Hero .ll,a yqeHlII~a II HaCTaB}II1J(a. PaJJIllKe cy

EBHil:eHTHO je na ce PaJJIIIKyjy He caMO nOCTojll If pa3JIHKa Y nOJ10)Kajy II YJI03Ii

Ah.'IHBHOCTH HaCTlmHHI~a

Cap:p)J{3j aKTHBHOCTH HUCTUBHl1Ka Y HlITCP3KTHBHoj H3CT3B11 Morao 611 ce npelJ,CTaBllTH Ha cJbe,f(ellH

HaLfHH, lllTO je y

HCTO BpnjeM;: H

cTpyKT'jpa

CI.(eHapllja:

1.0 Wa3a npnupeMe naCT3mIHr
1.5. IlpunpcJI1a npujeoRoza paollllX zpyna 1. 6. Ilpunpc,"il Y'telfUl{a 2.0. Wa33 peaJIlnaQnje 2.1 Ilpamu pao Y'lCJIU/((J 2.2 Hacmae}{w( o6ac/ba 1{001cYRmOlfujc ca )I'/cHill/lIMa 2.3 KoopozIHupa m01{ paoa 11 caejcmxjc Jlajnoeo//)7I1gc aK7nU(J/{ocmu 3.0
JIaKIlIe Y0'-IJbliBe carne):(aBaTheM nOJIO)Kaja If aKYllBHOCTIf yqeHllKa li HaCTaB-

3.2

HIfKay Bacrmmo-06paJOBHOM pa):(y KOjll je opraHl:!30BaH no KJIaCll'{Hoj PaJpeil:HO-qaCOBHoj HJIH liHTepaKTllBHoj HaCTaSll.:_: -

3.3 K07-1mpO,1UwC mOl{ 11. ()UlW~1UKY npc3clImmiuja 3.4 IlOOC11lU'IC KOMClIlIIGPC, Quc"ycujc u nOCmaefbi1lhC nwnmba 3.5 YCJI1jcpaea 011Cl(ycujC: noo)"taca )"ICllUI{C Ifa cynpomcmae/bG/iJe }{ac~_,

OpzaHU3yje pcoocmJjeo 113Ra2mba 2pyna

U;71.{

nojcoullat{a

npuxeamfb11e lfa'WJI

4.0 q)33a CB3JIyanlIje 4.1 OpzaHusyjc 11 1\00p0111111pa cea/f)'i11ildy ZljCJ7Olcynl/C lfCtCl11mme

me.~:fe -

(zRo6a.mw)

4.2 Opzml11syjc U KOOpoulIupa oonpwlOc 2pyna 06pao11 meMC (zpymw) 66

67

4.3 OpzGH113yje U KOOpou/-lUpa oonpuHoc nojcouHalfG (UHOU6UOYWIHG) 5.0 ilplfnpeMa HOBor npojeKTa T~6eJIH 6poj 4 rro cpa3aMa pa,ua KOMrrapaTHBHO cy npe,l.\CTaBJbeHe HaJBIDKHHJe aKTHBHOCTH HaCTaBHIIKa y KJIaCIIqHO OpraHlI30BaHoj pa3pe,l.\HOtracoBHoj II IIHTepaKTIIBHoj HaCTaBII, KaKO 6II ce JIaKliIe YOqIIJIe CJ1IIQHOCTII II pa3JIHKe y nOJIo:ll
. y

HaCTaBHIfK je BHIlle opraHIf3aTOp, KOOp,l.\IIHaTOp IIJIIf MeHTOp, KOjI1 YCMjepaBa Y'-leHI1Ke II 110M3)f(e IfM Y II360py Haj60Jbe crpaTemje 3a Y
JIHTEPATYPA Ta6eJIa 6p.4: ~KTHBHOCTI1 HaCTaBHrfKa y pa3pe,l.\HO-QaCOBHoj H HHTepaKTHBHOl HaCTaBI1 cpa3e pa,l(a

PA3PE,lUiO-1fACOBHA HACTABA

rrpHnpeMa npl1rrpeMajy ce C31'.1O y 3a HaCTaBY pHjeTKHM rrpfL'lHKa~1a

..

EIfPO, M., (1994), IIcnxoJIornja nocTKoMYHH3Ma, EeOrpa,l.\CKII Kpyr,

METEP AKTI1BHA HACTABA

..

Eeorpa,l.\. T'ony6oBIIn, 3., KY3MaHoBIfh, E. H BacoBHh, M., (1995), )l;pymTBeuH KapaKTep If .1l:pymTBene npoMeHe y CBeTJIY llannOlUUlHnx cYKooa.

- Pa,l.\e Ha rrpojeKToBalhY 3a,l.\aTKa - <1>0pMYJIHIrry Te3e H ,l.\HjeJIe 33,l.\aTaKe - UpHTlpcMajy rrpoToKo.'l 3a CHHMaIhe

..

HO,l.\aTaKa H aH3.J'lH3Y rpal.je - <1>opMHpajy rpyrrc ),,-lcHHKa

peaJIH3alJ,nja

o6jalillhaBajy HaCTaBHC ca,l.\p)f(aje, o6pa3JI3)J{)' HaCTaBHC TeMe H je,l.\HHHlJ,e

- UpaTe H KOop,l.\HHHpajy aKTHBHOCTH yqeHHKa (noje,l.\HHaI.\a II rpyna)

rrpe3eHTalJ,Hja

OBa cpa3a Hajtrelllne He nocTojH y KJIaCII
- OpraHH3yjy, KOOp,l.\HHHpajy H KOHTPOJIHlllY TOK H ,l.\HHaMHKY npe3cHTau;I-tie Y
I

eBa:;ralJ,Hja

IIICITfl1yje rrIICMCHO IIJIII YCMeHO

- OpraHH3yjy II KOOp,l.\IIHHpajy eBaJIyaU;Hjy pa,l.\a y qjemmH (m06aJIHa), ,l.\orrpIIHOC rpyna (rpynHa) II nojC,l.\HHau;a (HH,l.\H.Bl1J(yaJIHa)

EBH,l.\eHTHo je ,l.\a opramnaU;Hja pa,l.\a y HHTcpaKTHBHoj HaCTaBli CTaBJba HaCTaBHHKa y caCBHM ,l.\pyraQIIjy yJlOry O,l.\ OHe KOjy liMa y KJIaCII
68

"<1> .BmIllhIfn" , Eeorpa,l.\. T'pyna ayropa, (1983), MCTpa~nBallie H llnaunpallie ;:J;pymTBeHnx

npo-

Mella II pa3Boja, MHCTI11)'T 3a COU;IIOJIOlllKa IfCTpIDKIIBalha, Eeorp3,l.\. ..

T'pyrra ayTopa, (1994), Ky.rnype y

..

UpolllI1h-Jl:BoPHHh, 'ThaTo", Eeorpa,l.\. Jl:yHljepoBIIll, P., (1988), MJIatJ;1I II tJ;PYlllTBcnc npoMjenc, y: Mna,l(I1 II

GO

..

Tpau3nlInjn, Ype,l.\HIIK: MI1pjaHa

rrO,'lIITIIKa, lJ,eHTap 3a ,l.\pYillTBeHa I1CTp3)f(IIBalha, CflJII1T. Jl:yHljepoBIIh, P., (1992), The Attitudes tho Werds Ethnic and Religions in Bosnian and Herzegovina, Psychological Bulletin, Murry State Universitu. 3aropKa T'ony6oBIIh, (1996), JIpojeKl{uja KOflU,enma "omeopeHo2 iJpy-

mmoa" u memKone Ita nymy lbe2oe02 ocmoapelbay nocm-KOJltyuucmu'lKUJJ1 opymmoUJJ1a, y 360pHliKy "lJ,IIJbeBli II nYTeBli ,l.\pYlllTaBa y TpaH3IIu;I-tiIf", MHCTIITYT ,l.\PYillTBeHIIx HaYKa, Eeorp3,l.\ I1 PycKa aK3,l.\eMlija ..

HayKa, MOCKBa. 36opHIfK: ,ll;eMoKpaTuja, BaCIHnafhe, JIU'1HOCT (1997), MHCTlfI)'T 3a rre,l.\a-

..

rOIliKa IICTp3)f(IIBaTha, Eeorpa,l.\. 360PHliK pa,l.\OBa (1996): COQnjllJlHD KOH«pJIUKTU Y 3eMJhaMa TpaH3HQlfje, MHCTIITyT ,l.\pYillTBeHHx HayKa, Eeorp3,l.\ I1 PycKa aK3,l.\eMlija HaYKa,

..

Eeorpa,l.\. 36opHIfK: :QlfJbeBH D nYTeBU tJ;PYWTaBa y Tpa1l3UQHjH, (1996) MHCTII1)'T 3a couIIjaJIHa II nOJIHTII
Eeorpa,l(. .. 360pHliK P3,l.\OBa (1998): HUTcrpaTuBHIf H tJ;c3HHTerpaTHBHH npOQeCD Y 3eMJhaMa TpaH3uQuje, l1Hcnrryr ,l.\PYIliTBeHI1X HayKa, Eeorpa,u I1 PycKa " ..

. aKa,l.\eMI1ja HayKa, Eeorpa,l.\. -360PHHK: (2000), llponCCH tJ;eMoKpaTu3au:nje Y 3CMJhaMa TpaIl3l1n u jc, I1HCTIf1)'T ,l.\pYillTBeHI1X HayKa, Eeorpa,l.\ I1 PycKa aKa,l.\eMlija HaYKa, MocKBa. KpHeTa,

JI:.,

(1997), ,ll;pymTBcHc npoMjcHe, Kpll3a BpUjCtJ;HOCTH II Bac-

nHTIIO tJ:.ieJIOBafhC, "Hallia lllKOJIa" 6p. 1-2, Ealha JIYKa.

69

.. KpHeTa (1999), COIlujaJIHII ljlaKTopH Kao !1eTep~HnraHTa IIHTepaKHumor Y'ICIba, Y 360PHHKY: HHTepaKTHBHO )"Ielbe I, MmmcTapcTBo npocBjcTC PC H YHI1lJ,EuKTopn illKOJICKOr ycnjcxu, EafhaJIYKa company, EaH'>a JIYKa. .. KY3MaHOBI1n, b. H CapaL\fIllu,I1, (1993), Cry,r:a:cHTcKn "pOTeCT 1992, HHCTI1TYT 33 nCHXOJIOrHjy, Ecorpa}l:, ., KY3MaHoBIIn, E. (1997), )J;PYillTBCUC npOMCHe If npOMcnc npC)J:HocnlIX oplIjclJTur~Hju y
• DpoIIIHn-,QBOpl1n, M., (1994), KYJ'lrypc y TPUU3IIIJ:lIjU, "IIJIaTO", beorpM. .. Skinner, V.M. (1971), Beyond Freedom and Diguiyt, Knopf, New York. e Sherif, M., Centril, H. (1945), The psychology of 'Attitudes', Psychological Review 1942152. .. XaBeJIKa, H. (1993) 11 capan:Hl1u,H, Eq,eKTn OCIIOBHor illKOJIOB3Ih3, HHCTHTYT 3a llCHXOJIOmjy, beorpa.n:. • XaneJIKa, H. (1995), Bpen:HocHe opnjeHTun;njc yqeHHKa Ii IhHXOB3 o'leKHBalha O,ll; 6YlJ:yner 3aIHlMUIha, DCHXOJIOIIIlCa HCTpa:JKHBaIha 7, HHCTmyr 3a nCI1xoJIomjy, beorpan:.

71

npocp. ,LIp MH.'le IiJIHn,

UITO OnTHMaJIHHjer pacnopeijHBafha (HJIHnJIaHlIpaJ'-ha) aKTHBHOCTH yqeHIIKa II


,n;. - H.rmn, M. 2004, CTp. 315). MeijYfHM, nnaHlIpafhe HaCTaBe 3aflOY.HIbe nplIje HenOCpe.IJ:HOr flpHnpe-

HaCTaBHHKa y H8CTaBHOM npouecy" (EpaHKOBHn,

Mafha 3a pe&11I3aJ{Hjy o)]'peijeHe HaCTaBHe jeL\HHlIUe Ha y.acy. OHO 3anO"lIIIbe aHaJIH30M YCfljexa y HaCTaBlf Ha Kpajy IIIKOJICKe rO.IJ:HHe H nojatIaBa ce npe,ll, nOy.eTaK HOBe IlIKonCKe rO.IJ:HHe, a HaCTaBJba ce 3ajeL\HO ca npHnpeMaIbeM HaCTaBe TOKOM IlIKOJICKe rO.IJ:HHe.

llJIAHHP AIbE II llPIIllPEMAIbE E
C 063HpOM Ha HaCTaBHII nepHO)]' 3a KOjH ce Bpmu:, I1J1aHlIpafhe HaCTaBe MO)f(e 61ITH:

1.

MaKpOTIJIaHHpaIbe,

O.IJ:HOCHO

rJI06aJIHO,

opHjeHTaJ{HOHO,

rOL\HIlIIbe

(eBeHTyaJIHO nOJIyrO.IJ:lflllfhe, CeMeCTpaJIHo);

PeJUfrle: Y P~Y ce npBH nYT Y HaIUOj l\Hl\aKTH'IKoj TeopujH H HacTaBHoj

2.

MHICpOI1J1aHHpafhe, l1JJH onepaTHBHo TIJ1aHHpaIbe (MjeCeqHO, Ce,ll,MIIy.-

npaKCH n?e3CHTYJC KOHIl;enT MJ1KpOfWaJmpaH,a e
HO, TeMaTCKO, Henocpe)],Ho ImaHHpaIbe peaJIH3aJ{Hje HaCTaBHe jeL\H-

TOM l\H3aJHY. TaKaB Ha3UB H3Bel\eH je H3 pel\OC}bCl\a CTana, "KopaKa" MUKpOnJIaJmP.afha HaCTaBe .. TIOJla3!1 CC OOPHYTHM pCl\OCJbel\OM - Ol\ UCXOl\a peaJIH3aIl;lije HaCT~BHe . Je,l\!1H!1Il;C HJIH )f(CJbeHliX (OlJeKHBatmx) pe3YJITaTa Kao KJbyqHOr CTa,l\H]a, TJ. nOJIa3!1 ce O,l\ Kp'\ia MlJXpOnpOl.(eca HaCTaBe H nJIaHHpa ce YHa3a,l1, npeKO npaXBaTJbHBHX ,l\OKa3a .L\a cy pe3YJITani nOCTarHYTH ,l\0 nJIaH!1pafha KOHKpeTH!1X UCKYCTaBa Y'Iefha !1 nOYlJaBafha KOjH he ,l\a npeTxOl\e CBeMY TOMe.

Hlfl.\e Ha "lacy HJm 6noK y.acy).

TIope:n emfCTeMOJIOlllKUX O,l\peljefha, pal\ Ca,lIP)f(U OOpa3JlO)f(efha qeTUpU KpHTep!1Ja (
K..fbY'lue puje'lu: e
Henocpe.IJ:HO (ncKJ{ujcKo, MHKpO) nJIaHlIpaIbe peaJIII3aJ{IIje O,ll,peijeHe HaCTaBHe jCJJ,HHHUC Y ,lUi)J,aKTlfy.Koj mucpaTyplI H HacTaBHoj npaKclI MHoro y.eIlIne ce Ha3HBa npHnpCMa&e HacnlBe. IIpHje 4lHHaJ1H3aUHje yUIll 3aBpiliHe npojeKJ{Itie CTY,ll,H03He nllCMeHe npllnpeMe l1JJH ,ll,H.IJ:aKTIIY.KO - MeTO,ll,lly.Kor "cJ{eHapHja" 3a Tpa,ll,HUHOHaJIHY l1JJH HHOBamBHY peaJIH3aJ{Hjy O,ll,peijeHe HaCTaBHe je.IJ:IIHHue, HeOnXOL\HO je .IJ:a HaCTaBHHK

,Il,eTaJbHO

yn03Ha

H

CeJIeKJ{HOHl1IIIe

HaCTaBHe

ca,ll,p)fmje,

.IJ:a

npojeKTyje aKTHBHOCTH yy.elba H nOY"laBafha, ,Il,a npe)],JIo)!(ll fhHXOBO TpajaIbe H H3MjefhHBocT II )],a o6e36Hje.IJ:H MaTepHj&1HO - TeXHHy.Ke YCJIOBe 3a paLl Ha y.acy l1JJH 6J10K y.acy, IIITO 3Hay.H L\a cy nplInpeMHe aKTHBHOCTH Pa3HOBpCHe (nIICMeHe, YCMeHe, npakiHtIHe; cTpyqHe H MeTO,ll,Hy.Ke; OpraHH3aUHjcKe H H3Be,ll,6eHe). MHKpOI1J1aH TOKa HaCTaBHHX aKTHBHOCTH 6Hne .IJ:pyray.HjH Ha y.acy Ha KOMe ne ,ll,OMHHHpaTH rpyl1HH pa,ll, yqeHHKa, pa,ll, y napOBHMa, ef3eMI1J1apHa

1. YBO,LI

HaCTaBa, nporpaMHpaHa HaCTaBa, yy.efhe OTKplIneM, npo6J1eMcKa HaCTaBa,

I1?3HaTO je L\a je TIJIaHlIpafhe HaCTaBHOr 'paLla npBa eTana y MaKpoopraHl13aIl;HJII (na II MIIKpOOpraHH3aJ{lIjH) HaCTaBe OL\ Koje ne y BeJII1Koj MjeplI 3aBHCHTH HII~O pal.\1I0HaJIHOCTII II e¢HKaCHOCTII 06Pa30BHO-Bacmrmor npoJ{eca y caBpeMeHOJ lllKOJIH. Osa eTana Hac:raB~. qeCTO ce YAHL\aK1wIKoj JIl1TepaTyplI pa3MaTpa 3ajeL\HO ca eTanOM'npHnpeMafha RaCTaBe. 06je eTane cy Bpno CJIIIy.He npO)f(eTe a no K . ' . " He aLI II lI,ll,eHTIIy.He y HacTaBHolnpaKCII. "HaIIMe, npl1JIl1KOM CTyL\1I03HOr TIJ1aHHpm-ba Bpllle ce HCTOBpeMeno onlllTe II cneJ{lf¢lfy.He nplfnpeMe 3a HacTaBRH pa)]" H o6pHyToy TOKznpimpeMafha3a HaCTaBY BpiliH ce H npojeKJ{Hja

* TIo.n: nojMoM

e~n;«i:cHaIffiCTaBa

y 'OBOM Pa,lIy ce nOnpa3YMHjeBajy CBII MOneJIH

~CHCTeMH, HHTepaKTHBHe H yo6WIajeHe HacTaBe OPHJeHTHCaHe Ka yqeHHKy, "tj. YHaITpeljuBalhY akTHBHOr yqelha H LtieJlOTBOpHor IIoyqaBalha, pa.n:H rr060Jhillafha KBa,ITHTeTa BaCl1HTlIO-oGpU30BHHX TOKOBa, rrpou.eca H Hcxo.n:a. CTp i n-erH]e)H!IilliBJ1.n:yaJlH30BaHe,

72

HH,ll,HBH,Il,YaJIH3al.\lfja HaCTaBe nplIMjeHoM JIIICTHna, HaCTaBa Pa3JIHY.HTHX HHBoa CJI02KeHOCTII, !1HTepaKTHBHa HaCTaBa, peC110HcH6rulHa HaCTaBa. EHlie npHKa3aH cneumplI"laH TOK aKTHBHOCTH HaCTaBHIIKa H Y"leHHKa (no eTal1aMa l1JJH KopaUHMa), TOKOM nplIMjeHe 0,ll,a6paHOr HHOBaTHBHor MO,ll,eJIa HaCTaBe, 3a pa3JIHKy O,ll, "Tpo)ljeJIHe" CTpYKTYpe pa,ll,a Ha y.acy Tpa,llHUHOHaJIHe rum KJIaCH"lHe HaCTaBe (floMeHyre y npeTXOL\HOM nacycy). Hcro TaKO, 6Hne- npojeKTOBaH ,ll,HL(aKTHy.KO-MeTO,ll,Hy.KH cneJ{H¢IIy.aH K Pa3JIhY.HT' TOK' peaJIH3aJ{Hje roBopHe Bje2K6e, nHCMeHe Bje2K6e, 06pa,ll,e KfhIDKeBHor Te'icTa, ,.cnymaIba MY3Hy.Ke KOMno3HUHje, xeMHjcKO-JIa6opaToplfjcKe Bje2Kge, 'HaCTaBHO~npaKfHy.Hor pa,ll,a H .IJ:pymx TeMaTCKO-HaCTaBHHX nO,ll,pyqja H npe.IJ:MeTay o~pe1jeHoM mnyn HHBOY IIIKOJIe. Pa3JIHKOBane ce cTpyKTypa H )],HHaMHKa Hac'l'aBHor pa,ll,a' Y ·OKBHPY noje,ll,HHHX BpcTa HaCTaBe (pe,ll,OBHe, )],onyHcKe; )]'o)],aTHe,H360pHe, IIHCTpYKTIIBHe) II eTana HaCTaBe (06pa,ll,e HOBor rpa.IJ:HBa, nOHaBJbalba _H CHCTeMaTH3aJ{Hje, Bje)f(6aIba, npoBjepaBafha), ria ne 6HTH Hal1HCaHa H KapaKTepIICTIIy.Ha nHCMeHa npHl1peMa.

73

Y O,I:\HOCY Ha ,I:\OCaJ\amfhe npucryrre, MO.n:eJIe U BapHjarrre OnepaTflBHOr 6 ITJIaHHpafha UJIH HenOCpe,IlJIOr IIpHnpeM31b3 HaCTCme M3Kp'on . , JIaH y 0 PH)'TOM ~ npe,n;CTaBJha ,n;H,n;aKTH'IKy HHoBaUHjy. . MHK?OIIJIaH ecpHKacHe HaCTaBe UMa CTa,n;l1Je (eTane):

Y 06PHyrOM ,I:\H3ajHy Y CBOjOj '

CTpyKTY H p

1. H.l(eHTHcpHKaUHja )f(eJheHHX pe3YJITaTa, 2. O,I:\pel:jHBafhe ITpHXBaTJhHBUX ,n;OKa3a H 3. ITJI3HHpafbe HCII.),cTaB3 yqefh3 H rrOY'laB3Iba.

Cragllj

1.

I1!l eHTllcpIlKaI(lIja iKeJ1eHllX pe3ym3Ta CTagllj 2.

~

Ogpel)I1BRIbe IIpIlXBaTJ1HBlIX gOKa3a

illeMUTCKR IIpm,;:a3

CTagHj 3.

~

2:

YTSpl)HBaJJ>e npHOplITeTa 3a nporpaM HaCT3BHe

je,DJIHHue (YeMe, llje.TlOK}TIHOr nporpaJ\.fa Haas, 2005, CTp. 212.)

ITJIaHllpalbe lfcKyCTaB3 Y1:felha II rroY'IaBarha

illeMaTcKH npHf(a3 1: CTaJ\Hjrr (MllKpo)mIaH3 H3CT3BHor pa,n;a Y o6pr;yroM ,LIH3ajHy

Dr

Nancy

,IJ;aKJIe, )f(eJheHH 06P33oBHo-BaCnllYllli pe3YJITaTH cy UeHrpaJIHH H TpajHu ecpeKTu OCTBapUBafha ITpOrpaMa (HacTaBHe je,I:\UHHue, TeMe, Mo.nyJIa, rrO,I:\MO,I:\YJIa, IljeJIOKyrrHor KypuKYJIYMa). I:J)ux Tpe6a p33JIUKOBaTH O,I:\ ca,I:\p)f(aja U ecpeKaTa HaCTaBe Koje (MaJ\a HHCY ueHYpaJIHH, KThyqHU) BPrDe,I:\H 3HaTH HJIH OHHX ca KojHMa ce BpHje,I:\H yn03HaTH. HacTaBHH npouec ,I:\H3ajHHpaH 3a rrpo.ny6JheHO pa3YMHjeBafhe nporpaMa Tpe6a,I:\a:

"1. p33jarnfhaBa KOMIIJIeKCHe H ancrpaKTHe Hneje,

2. JJ;H,I:\aKTH'lKa cymTIIHa HaBe,I:\eHHX CTa,I:\Hja y 06PH)'TOM ,LIH33jHy (MHKpo)nJIaHa HaCTaBHor p3,n;a pa3M3rp3 ce y Hape,I:\HHM rrOmaBJhHMa.

KypUKYJIYMa, rrpeMa:

YKThyqyje Y'leHHKe Y aKTIIBHO npel1CITI1THBafhe, pacylJl1Balhe II rrOBe3IIBafhe ca peaJIHIIM CBl1jeToM,

3. YHarrpe1)yje HCIIHTHBafhe II,n;eja, KOMn3paUIIjy II ,I:\HCTHHKUHjy,

4. oxpa6pyje Y'leHHKe ,I:\a p33MHCJIe 0 OHOMe UITO cy cMarpaJIH ,LIa 3Hajy ,n;o caJ\a,

2. ~enTH
5.

YCMjepaBaCaMOCTaJIHO Hcrpa)f(HBafhe.

Ifuej~ 3<1 TpajH() p33YMujeBUlhe:

,

)l{eJJ>eHH (OQeKHBaHI1) pe3ymaTH peam:naUrDe HaCTaBHe je,n;HHHue cy

KJh->:'lHH 06P33oB~O-BaCITHT:rrr HCXO,LIH (3Halba, YMrDefha, cnoC06HOCTff) Koje je BpHJe,I:\Ho p33YMHJeTH 11 rpaJHO 3a,n;p)f(aTH.

.t 2.

HMajy· BPHje,I:\HOCmH3BaH yqHOHHUe, nonl!lpe ,LIO CP)f(H Hay'lHe ,I:\HCUHITJIIIHe (na II IICTOIIMeHor HaCTaBHor 'npe;l:\Mera), ,

3.cy IIpWIIIKe3a yqefhc Koje ne OCTaTU cBojHHa yqefIHKa 3a ulljeJIH )KHBOT,

4 .. najy'iioTeHurrjaJI 3a IIo6yJ:jIIBafhe HHTepeca CBUX yqCHrrKa" (fuuh, . 2004, crp .. 18): TIpHMjepH "rpajHor p33YMHjeBafha" Ca,I:\PJKaja Y OKBHPY rpa1)aHcKor o6pa30safha yqeHHKa: CBH rpalJaHH y HCTHHCKOj ,I:\eMOKpamjl1 cy y rrpHJIHUI1 ,LIa

74 75

cn060J(HO, npaBeJ(HO H OTBOpeHO Y'IeCTByjy J(a 6H yrIT~aJIIT Ha CBOjy BnaCT nyTeM BoljelM KaMnathe HnH rnaCalha Ha H360pHMa KaO IT KOHTliHYHpaHHM

nnaHHpaHO Kao TpajHo pa3YMHjeBathe y 06pa30BathY 3aHCTa TaKBor 3Haqaja) cy:

1. Y KOjOj Mjepl1 H,Ueja, TeMa Hnl1 rrpOl.l,ec rrpeJ(CTaBJbajy "BeJII1KY l1J(ejy"

yqemneM H Ha.n:rneJ(atheM BnaCTH H3Meljy 3aKa3aHIf.X H360pa J(a 6H ce npOMO-· BH~aJIH JIH'IHH H rpyrrHH HHTepeCH H ,[(a 6H O,[(JIYKe Be3aHe 3a jamry nOJIHTliKY

Koja HMa TpajHY BpHje'[(HOCT Koja Ha,n:llJIa3H OKBl1pe Y'fHOHHIJ;e? l\1jepH HJ(eja, TeMa HnH rrpol.l,ec yna3e y CP)f( J(HCl.l,HrrJIHHe? (,lI.a

2. Y KOjOj

KOJe J(OHoce thHXOBH npe,[(CTaBHHUI1 Y BnaCTH 6HJIe y CKJIa,[(y ca )f(eJbaMa rpaljaHa. llpHMjepH "TpajHor pa3YMHjeBatha" ca.n:P)f(aja HaCTaBHITX jeJ(HHn:~a y OKBITpy Oc-r:aJIHX npeJ(MeTa (Kao. )f(eJbeHHX pe3ynTaTa Y "ITCXOJ(HlllHOM", KpajtheM CTa.n:I-UY ~ 06PH~OM J(1f3aJHY MHKponnaHa) cy: YBjepJbHBa o6jaillthetha OJ(peijeHRX nOJaBa, nOJMOBa H reHepaJlH3alJ,Hja; n.n:eHmcpITKalJ,Hja o6H.rbe)f(ja J(aTHX
HE J(emasa YKOJIliKO final-! IT nporpaM HHje

,l:IOBOJbHO ,,,n;y60K", OJ(HOCHO Ka.n:a: - He HCTpIDKyje KJby'fHa nHTatha, -

JIHje aYTeHTH'fHa?) KOjOj Mjepl1 HJ(eja, TeMa HJIH rrpOIJ;ec 3aXTHjeBajy rrojallJthethe? (KOjH KOHl.l,enTH HHCY HHT)'llTHBHH H 3axTHjeBajy rrojamthethe 11

3. Y

pa3pjemaBalhe HeCrrOpa3YMa.)

4. Y KOjOj Mjepl1 H.L\eja, TeMa llJIH npoIJ;ec HMajy nOTeHuHjan J(a 3an:HTepecyjy Y'feHHICe (Tj. KOjHM HaY'fHHM aprYMeHTHMa oJ(roBopHTH Ha yqeHHKOBo rrHTathe: 3alllTo je TO MeHH BID!iliO?).

3.

OJ(peqlmaIhe npII.XBaT.'hIl.BHX J(OKa3a ,n:a cy pe3Y.1TaTH HaCTaSHor pa,Il,a oCTsapcHH

Y OKBHPY ,n:pyror cTaJ(Hja (MHKpO)l1JlaHa HaCTaBHOr paJ(a Y 06PHyrOM ,n:H3ajHY Heorrxo,n:HO je YHarrpHjeJ( o'[(pe,n:HTH (H 3a )TtJeHHKe H 3a HacTaBHHKa)

npe,l:laBalhe ce peaJIH3yje Kp03 "CnOMlfrbalhe", He,l:laBathe npHopliTeTa S8.)f(HliM HJ(ejaMa He ~Y'fyje llCnHTJ1Balhe rrOTpe6HHX J(OKa3a J(aje nOCTHrHyro Pa3Y-

rrpHXBaTJbHBe .L\OKa3e J(a cy pe3ynTaTH HaCTaBHor paila oCTBapeHH. To MOry 6HT11: jacHa H IIoTrrYHa YCMeHa 06jallll-beI-ba, YBjepJbHBH o)],roBopH Ha nOCTaBJbeHa nHTatha, TaLIHO pHjemeH 3aJ(aTaK, HJlycTpaTHBHH HOBH npHMjepH,

MI-Uesalbe.

meMaTCKH IIpHKa3, ecej TeCT, rreTOMHH)'THO rrpoBjepaBalhe, ceMHHapcKH PM, npaKTHQaH PaJ(, KOHTponHH paJ(, HM3 3aJ(aTaKa 06jeKTHBHor THna, CTBapaJIa'fKH

"BID!
PM, Te OCTaJIH rrpoJ(YKTH H oCTBapelba y
ilpHMjepJl OHora mTO je ,.Ba)f(HO 3a 3Ham" 113 OKBHpa rpa1)aHcKor 06pa30Balha: OCHOBHO ~Hathe 0 J(eMOKpaTJljJl, theHJlM rrpJlHIJ;HI1HMa, I1paKCH, rrHTalbHMa, H HCTOPHJH, Mopa 6HU:! rrpHlItiethliBO Ha )JjeJIOTBOpaH Ha'IliH Ha :pal)aHcKH II rrOJIllTH'fKH )f(HBOT J(a 6H 6HJIO TeMeJbHTO HaY'IeHO H yrrOTpHJe6JbeHO Ha KOHCTPYKTHBaH Ha'IliH. Bpllje)lH ce yn03HaTH ca HeqHM aKO je: 1. jaKo llHTepeCaHTHO H J(orrpHHOCH y'IefLy Kp03 IJ;HjeJIH )KITBOT, 2. MO)f(e 61:ITH se3a {;a"BenHKHM" HJ(ejaMa HJIH TeMOM, 3. nOMIDKe y npaBJbef!.>Y Be3e ca J(pyrHM HJ(ejaMa HJII1.L\nC~HnnHHaMa. --

-

"OHOraC~'f~Iv!:ce~pItieJ(~yn03HaTH":

ilpHMjepH BeliJma .L\eMOKpamja H CJI060J(HRX pe)fUf.Ma y cB~Je~cy JIotJ;HpaliH y 3anMHoj EBpol1n IT y AMepHIJ;H. 3~nMHOJ EBporrH je.ayreHTH'fHa rrpeJ(cTaBHIT4Ka penpe3eHTaCsaKa 3eMJba THBHa J(eMOKpaTllJa; -

y.

. J1j:J,eHm
77 76

Taoe..rmplIlf ,n;H3ajHllpaTH npoujeH)' Koja O,1lrOBapa noyqaBaJl>y, aKTIIBHOCTIIMa, OCHOBHllM

HHBO "n'~UTXnu

Ii360p IUIJbeBa Y'Jefha II TpajHor p33YMHjeBafha.

ce cjenajy"

HaBeCTJ! 06HJbelKIITH HMeHOB3Tll H3HHjeTll ,1Ie
3HAH>E

rrHTafhIlMa H UHJbeBllMa

i P33)'MHjy PA3YMIiJEBAH>E

IIponjcna

IT

HHTepnpeTHpujy HH$opMalll-rje Ha OCHOBY OHora !lITO cy HaYQMH.

Y~~;:iIIUH'o,!\a61!py, 11360p MaTepIljaJla II aKTHBHOCTH KOjH O,1lrOBapajy uIlJbeBHMa II KJbY'IHHM IIHTafhHMa.

HarrmIIllTe OCHOBH3 nllTafba Koja ce CJlalKY ca UllJbeBHMa II ...

npeHoce, H KopHCTe no)),aTKe H npHHIIHrre ,!\a pHjeIIIe rrp06JIeM MIT 3a,1laTaK ca MI1HHMaJIHHM yrryTaMa,

ATIJIIiKA-

IJ,l1JA

r~------' iyqeHHniip'a3Ji;:jj(yjy~~-'

I

IAHAJIl13A

IIoyqaBalhC (npC,[I;aBaIhe...), yqeIhe

I

H OCTaJIe 1I3CTaBIIe 3KTHBHOCTH

II:

illeM3TCKH npHK33

IKJIacmlmKYjy, H ! ITOBe3yjy npemoci TaBKe, XHITOTe3e, !.ll.OKa3e, HJIH CTPYKTYpe :

3: KPYf YtffiI:bA

(IIpeMa Nancy Haas,

C;:raTIIlcaTH

2003, CTp. 225) C!1HTE3A

npUXBaTJbUBU )lOKa3H Y YCKoj cY Be3H ca rrl1JbeBHMa yqefba KOjH ca.n:p)Ke TpajHo pa3YMrrjeBafbe. TaKEH llHJbeBH ca.llp)Ke 3KuHje yqeHHKa Koje ce MOry

o6j aCRIlTli CYMUP3TH napU
: YqeRI1UH ne i KOHCTPYHC3TH : rp3$H'IKH : OpraIIH33TOP KOjH ne npe,!\cTaBHTHHllBoe BJraCTH y EHX. ...--.,.--~•.., ;":"'-:'---.-.-'~.;-•. .. .......

Mory ce MjepUTH. ITpeUH3Ho H jacHo cy CPopiYlY-TJUCaHu. Ca)lpIKe MUHUMaTIHO

YqeHHIIH ne ynope,1lHTH YplKH!lIH)' H .llupHroBaH)' eKoHoMHjy.

KpeupUTH .QmujHHpaTH nOCTUBHTU XHIIOTe3Y mMHCJlHTH P33BHTH

Y
IIHTUfha. YlfeHllllH CTBupUjy, UHTerplllIIY H KOM6uHyjy H.Qeje y rrpOH3BOl(, MaH HJlH npuje,1lJlor KojHje HOBH 3a fhHX.

:-yqeHwl.i'he ce KpH-

EBAJIYA-

IJ,l1JA

Heonx0.ll.aH 6poj puje'lIH. IJ,HJbCBU Y'Iefba He Tpc6a .ll.a, Ca.ll.p)Ke aKTUBHOCTU HaCTaBHIIKa (Hnp. o.n:pIKaTH rrpe.n:aBafbe, rro)J,lljeJll1Tl1 MaTepHjaTI, pacnope):(lITu Y'leHHKe y rpyne ... ), aKTHBHOCTII yqeHHKa (06aBuTH rpepujroury npaKcy, UnH Ha eKcKYP3Hjy, rrpO'lHTaTII TeKcT ... ), Ha'lHHe pjernaBaTH mnarba BlirneCTpYKor H360pa ... ).

npol\iime(nyn':M' ecej . TeCTa, ..."

- --

aHaJIH3HpaTH KaTeropHcaTH yrrope,1lHTH IIO,!\I-rjeJIHTH

nocMaTpaTH (onucaTH, H3)lBojHTH, ynope)lUTU, nOK33aTH, ... ), onHce 3a)laTaKa Koje Tpe6a ypa)llITH, Ca3Hafba HeonxO)lHa Y'leHHIIHMa .ll.a ITpcljy Ha CJbe)lenH HHBO yqefba, nocyYITKC nOYpe6He 3a IKUBOT, ITa .ll.3 uMajy TpajHYBpuje)lHOCT.

YlfeHHIIH ne HaBeCTH neT npell.HOCTH H Mana rno6amI3arn!je.

YqeHHllH .n:ajy BpHje,1lHOCT, npoujefhyjy HJlH KpUTHKyjy na ocnOBY o,!\pefjeHHx CTaH,!lap.lla : H Kpl1TepHja. ; 1

ollHjeHHTH npenopyqHTH KpHTHKOBaTH OlIpaB,1IUm _ _ _ _ A_~ _ _

! Tfl'IKH oCBpHynl Ha

: HUBO nO!lITHBafha : JbYl(CKHX lIpaBa ca ; rrpHMjepHMu KojH ne . lIo,llp)KaTH fhHXOBY rro3HUHjy. .

Y

..

HeITOCpC):(HOM ITJIaHlipafbY JICKUHje HeonxO.n:HO je rpopMymicam H

ITPHJIHKOM o):(peljuBaIba npUXBaTJbHBHX .ll.OK33a ):(a cy'ii3CTaIiHU umbesH

HeKOJIHKO KJbyqHUX nHTa1ba, jep aKO ce TpajHo 3Hafbe H3p3JK~Ba O.ll.roBopHMa .

oCTBapeHH Ha o)lpeljerlHM HHBOHMa Y'fefba Ii HHCTjiYKTHSHCT MOIKe noC,TJY)f
Ha Koja ce nHTafba .ll.ajy TaKEH o):(rOBopH? KOHUUITHpafbe JIeKUHJe OKOK.ibY'IHHX·

bJIYMoBa TaKcoHoMHja UHJbeBa pa3Boja Y'leHHKa Y KOrHHTHllH?M

nHTafba npe.ll.CTaBJbanC 3a yqeHHKe H HaCTaBHUKe )l06ap ¢OKYC H COJlH)lHC

nO)lpy~y.

cMjepHuuc 3a erpUKacaH HaCTaBHH pa.ll.. ITpHMjep KJby'lImr nlITafba:

78

79

Koja npaBa rapaHTOBaHa YCTaBOM Peny6JIHKe CpnCKe cy KJI,yqHa 3a ¢OpMHPaIDe H o~p)J(asaIDe lJ,HBHJIIIOr ~pyrllTBa? TOKOM (MIIKpO )IDIaIiHpaH>a (a H H3BoljeH>a e¢HKacne HacraBe) HHBeHTHBaH HaCTaBHHK CTaJIHO MHCJIH Kao eBaJlyaTop, nOCTaBJhajyfiH ce6H nHTaIDa: 1. ITo KojeM KpHTepHjy liy npoqjerLHBaTH pa~ )"lemIKa? 2. KOjH cy HeCnOpa3YMH y Bpe~HOBaH>y 3HaH>a, pa3YMHjeBafDa, BPJIHHa,

PaIhCM, aHKeTrrpUH>eM, CHCTeMaTCKHM nocMaTpalbeM HT~. ITpnje TeCTHpaH>a Tpe6a o)J.ny'lHTH 0 TOMe Koja 3HaIDa, BjelliTHHe HJIH rrCP¢opMaHce Tpe6a HCIlHTaTH, a rrpC,L(BHljeHe cy nporpUMOM 06pa30BaJ:ha, 3aTHM KOjH HHBO 3HaH>a lfJIH nep¢opMaHcH Tpe6a HCrmTaTlI, KaKO he TeCT U3f'ne)J.aTH 1I Kojer lie o6HMa 6UTU. )l;06po KOHCTPYHCUHU TeCTOBU ,L(ajy rrpell,Ii3HY npoqjeHY lJ,HJI,eBa YCfeH>a. IToY3,L(aHa eBaJIyaUHja YCMjepeHa je npeMa npeUH3Ho o~pe1jeHoM ll,HJI,y H

npo.n.yKaTa (p~oBa ... ) aKTHBHOr yqemlia yqeHIIKa Y Y'IeH>Y HajqemliH

napaJIeJ1Ha ea cTBapHHM )J(HBOTOM. aHa 3axTHjeBa MjepJI,HBe nep¢opMaHce,

11 KaKO npoBjepI1TH ~a}U! cY ce ~eeIDIH?

Burne MHIlUheffia Ii BpeMeHa.

3. lilTa 6H 6HO ~OBOJI,HO YBjepJhlffi ~OKa3 pa3YMlljeBaH>a KOHlJ,enaTa, npHHlJ,Hna ~eja 1I ~pymx nporpaMcKllx ca~p'lKaja?

4. KOjH 3a~au:H Mopajy 6H1'H "u,pseHe HHTH BO,L(Wbe" HaCTaBHOr p~a? 5. KaKo liy Pa3JIliKOBam yqeHHKe KojH llCTHHCKll Pa3YMHjy nporpaMCKll c~p)J(aj o~ OHlIX KOjll He pa3YMlljy?

IlnamlpaH>e HCKYCTasa yqeH>U H nOYLfasalha 3anOLJm-be nUTaH>HMa: . Koja 3HaH>a H sjewTtme ne yqeHUll,H MopaTH cTetm ~a 6H ycnJewHO U3BpwaBallH 3a,L(aTKe H 110CTI1rnH )Ke.'heHe pe3YJITare? Koje aKrUBHOCTI1 he nOMohH YLJefIHll,I1Ma ,L(a CTeKHY nOTpe6Ha 3HaILa H

OplljeHralJ,HOHH KptlTepHjH npoqjeHe pa3YMHjeBaH,a OHor mTO yqeH.lllJ,H p~e y npOl(ecy 06pa30BaH>a Mary 6H1'H CnHqHH npHKa3aHHM y CJI,e,L(elieM

_

Ta6errapHOM nperne,L(y.

BjellmrHe? _ IUra Tpe6a npe,L(aBaTH H nOKa3HBaTH, 11 Ha KOjIi Haq11H TO rpe6a

Ta6eJIapUH IIpeme,ll; 2: KpurepHj. npol\ieHe Y'leHHKOBor pa3YMHjeBaIDa

r"~'~'~~"-"--~'--~

tomeKTHB~IO : I1oBjepJb~So

I OTKpllsaJylie

THO 06Pa3J1OlKeHO CHCTeMaTcKO

BOPHO Te4HO AnannlBHO ipam!03HO

! I

ll,lfJI,CBa? Ie Jm qjeJ10KynaH ~H3ajH KOXepeHTaH H e¢eKTHBaH?

r-"'-'-'---'-'--- ,.--~--¥-.-.. ~--.

i OcjeTJbllBO

: OTBopeHo I1epl.lerITl1BHO : Pel.lenmBHo i Pa3YMHO lI1epl.lCnmBHeo61l4HO IHO J(IlCKpeTHo

! I

! i

. CaMocsjecHOCT MeraJWrHHTHBHO I1pl1JraroljaBajylie Pe
Hnje BMJLHBO yqelmqKO pa3MHmJr,affie, 3aMHmJLaffie, BH3YaJIH30BaH>e. 3aTo HM He Tpe6a .n:aBaTH 3a.ZJ,aTKe KojH nOLJHffiY THM pHjeCfHMa. )J:HpeKTHO je YOqJbHBO nOHaWaH>e yqeHHKa H3a3BaHO cJheL\eliHM HaCTaBHHKOBIIM HaJIa3IIMa (3aL\all,HMa): - BO,L(HTe 6lfJI,emKe, ,UnCKyryjTe ca KOJIeraMa, ITO.L\IIrHHTe pYKe, - Pa,L(HTe y MaJIliM rpynaMa.

(ilpeMa: Haas, N. 2004, c:poToKonllje)

TeMeJI,HH KBaJIHTCTH pa,l.(a yqeHHKa y

OCHOBHlI CMHcao esallyal(Hje jecTe YHanpeljHBaIhe rrpoL(eca H rr060JI,maH>e pe3ymaTa yqeffia H noyqasaH>a. IInaH eSaJIyalJ,Hje Tpe6a ~a O,L(rOBapa lJ,HJbeBllMa JIeKuHje, eymTllHH rroyqaBaH>a, aK1'llBHoeTliMa yqeHllKa H OCHOBHlIM nlITafDllMa. Heonxo,Il}!O je ,L(a HaCTaBHlIK npHMjeH>yje .ZJ,BHje BpcTe eBaJIyaL(Hje:

1.

¢OpMaTHBHY HJIH ¢OPMaJIHY eBaJIyaUHjy Koja ce npHMjeH>yje y npo~ecy yqeH>a H noyqaBaffia pa.ZJ,H n060JI,maH>a H>erOBOr KBaJIliTera (a npOBO,L(lI ce YCMeHHM lIcnlITHBaH>eM, rrlICMeHHM npoBjepaBaH>eM, npol\ieHoM IDlycTpaUHja, eceja, ~e6aT~ H O~TaJIHX npo~yKaTa yqeHHKa ... ) H

npe,L(aBaTH, y cBjeTJIY UHJLeBa 1I nep¢opMaHCH? KojIi MaTepHjaJIH H pecypcH cy o,L(rOBapajyliH rrpli OCTBapeffiY OBnx

_

2. cYMaTHBHY rrJIH cYMapHY eBa-

rryaUlIJY KOJa ee npOBO,L(H Ha Kpajy O,L(peljeHor nepHo)J.a (ceMecTpa, nonyro~llllITa, ~KoncKe rOLume) pa.ZJ,lI YTBp!jHBaH>a ycnjexa )"'leHHKa y YCBajaIDy 3HaH>a, BJeIlITHHa, CTaBOBa, Bpmma llT.n:., llITO ee Haj1{emne 06aBJha TeCTlI-

npon,ecy Ofipa30Balha cy

(npeMa P. Schlechty, 2004): . 1. ¢oKycHpaH>e aKTHBHOCTII Ha npOH3Bo,L( lInII H3Be,L(6y 3HaqaJHY 3a

2.

H>lIX' yno;HaTocT ca jacHHM H 3aHHMJLHBHM cTaHL\ap.L\lIMa, jep yqeHHUH Bone ~a 3Hajy WTa ce TaqHO O~ H>lIX OqeKyje 1I KaKO ce Ta oqeKlIBaH>a Be'lKY ca HeqHM ~O qera liM je CT&10;

3. 3awTHneHocT OL\ He)J(e_'heHlIX nOCJbe,L(Hll,a nOqeTlnIX Heyenjexa, .nOWTO cy yqeHHUH murre 3auHTepecoBaHII Ka.ZJ, Mory" nOKymaTH ypa.ZJ,HTH 3~aTKe 6e3 cpaMoTe, Ka3He HJIH IIM¢epHopHoC1'H.

.

4. rroTBp,L(a 3Haqaja nep¢opMaHcH, jep yqeHHll,H cy MOTHBHcaH~~ K~ HM peneBaHTHe oc06e (HacTaBHHlI.H, KOJIere, p0.L\HTeJI,H) ~aJY )].0 81

80

3H~Eba .n:a OHM MHCJIe .n:a je yqeHl:l'U(f! pa.n: BalKaH YBJepHTH YBH.n:OM y nopnpo.lIW);

5.

y.n:?Y)I
yqCHH~I1Ma

(y

UlTO ce MOry

3aHl1MJbHBHju pa.n:

KOJI1 .n: 0 3BOJhaBa, oxpa6pyje HolM no.nplKasa npum-IKe 3a Mel)vco6HO 3aBMcaH pall: ca ll:PYrHMa; -

6. MHOBaTHBHOCT U pa3HonuKocT J'e . , p yqeHl:IKe SHilie uHTcpecyje pa.n: y 7.

8.

9. 10.

KOMe cy nepMaHeHTHO U3nOlKeHH HOBHM Ha'IHHOM pa.l:\a' MorvnHocT Iu60pa SapHiaHT ' " e. aKTHBHOCTH HnH HaqmIa pa.n:a qHMe yqeH=L(11 .n:eMoKpaTcKu rrocTaJY O,'1roBoPfUI rrapTHepu IWjH HMajy 0ll:p eg eHH HHBO KOHrpOJrc Ha.n: OHHM ruTO pa.n:e Te pa):(e ~a BenOM npe.n:aHoiliny; '" opUrIm:anHOCT y u3BpruaS31bV 3a.n:aTaKa Ko,iH

. uMalY cTBapHe nOCJbe.n:M.L(e iliTO ):(OBOll:U .n:o 1106o.TbUJafba MOTI1SaUHje, a ~uBl1jaJrHH 6e3HaqaJHM H HenpMpO.IJ:HII 3a):(aUH He y3HMajy CC o361m>HO '11 ca ~HTepe­ COBaEbeM; •

•

Mo,[(eJH1paEbe ce

J

6M UM

MO OMorynerfO .n:a nocTufHY 6or3T U .n:y60K HUBO 3HaH,a.

O,[(HOCH Ha rrOCMaTpafhe pa,n,a Y'IeHHKa,

IbHXOBor Y'lCH,a H CTBapaJI3UITBa. PearrH30BaHH

Mo.n:cnn Tpe6ajy 6rITu npeU:H3HH, He.n:BOCMHC.1crlH H 03HaQeHH KOHKpenlHM H3Bo1jeEbeM. C 063HPOM na TO .n:a cmma npuje.IJ:H XHJba.n:y pnje'In, Y Mo,[(emipaEby je BaJKHO .Tl.a HaCTflBIUlK KpeHpa BH3YCJIHY npeJlCTaBY npOH3Bo.n:a Kojer lKenn Aa yqeHHL(11 npo.n:YKyjy HnH ,[Ia ):(CMOHcrpHpa npHMjcp KaKO KOMlmeTHpaTH qnmaJIHH rrpOH3BO]J,. Mnom ce Y"'leHlUl;r! Ha rpa¢l-f'IKe npe.n:CTaBe KOMrrneKCHHX KOlmenaTa y IXl1.lbY pa3YMHjcBaEba. Ha.n:rnC)lafhC H (Koje TaT'ru1 06YXBaTa: ., rpcH)'TaH O,T(rOBOp H3 OHO mTO Y'fCIlHKC 3aOKYlUha H OHO 'HIMe CC 63Be; .. 110lmmalbC Y'·ICHHKa Ha Ha'lI1H .. TYM3'lcu,e nOHaurmha; .. l1pHKJIa.n:no 110crynmhC. JC

,::(a 3l!acrcfbe HC

y OJ(HOCHMa

Y ce y'lTI H

nocTojcner 3HaEba I1 HClCYCTBa Y"lCHHKa. 3H3'refbe jc cnoco6HOCT YMa ):(a

(11.;11111, 2004,

crp.

23).

3a.n:plKanaEbe HnH O,[lP)K3SalhC 3H3Ib3 Y'ICHHKa 3aSl1CH o.n: pa3YMHjcnmha H npnXBaTaEba 3H3
KOMnoHeHTe ,rtieJIOTBOpHor noyqaB3Iba cy: 1. YBO.n: Y HaCTaBIUI pa.n: (¢oKyc ... ); 2. rrpY)!(aIbe HaCTaBHHX HHcTpYKL(Hja; 3. Mo.n:eJIHpaEbe H BoryeEbe;

HeRre 3aKJbY'UIBafha nCKl~Hjc cy: Y'Ienll'IKO cyMHparbC HaY'ICHor, l1poBjepa Pa3YMHjcB3Eba, 3KTHBHO YQcwne Y l1PHMjCln1 3HaH,a y IIIUbY pa-:IBoja .n:O)J.aTHC

4. KpeHpaEbe aKTHBHor yqcwna; 5. Ha.n:rJIe.n:aEbe u rrpl1JIaroryaBaIbe; 6. 3a.n:p)!(aBaEbe MH o.n:p)!(aBaIbe 3Hafba'

7. 3aKJ1,yqaK HaCTaBHor pa.n:a.

Y BH}IY

HaCTaSHlH( HMa

MaTcpujany: ,,01-10

pa3YMHje H BpC,T(HYje OHO mTO ce y'm" HaCTaBHI1K BO.n:M )"IeHI1KC Kp03 KOP3KC rrorpc6He 3a KOpl1iliTel-be BjemTIme Kp03 TpoMo.n:anHH rrpl1cryn - qyj/BU.Tl.Wyp~TTU H .n:ocry • '"'" . " aCTaBHHK Mopa 6HnI Ka ~laH.n:a npy)l(J1 nOBpaTHe ~fI(pOpMaL(Hje y UHUL(HjanHoM CTa.Tl.Hjy vqeEba KO H oCl1rypa~ .n:a yqeHIfL(H BJelK6ajy ca MUHUMMHIfM rpemKaMa. A;TI1BHO yqemne yqeIIHXa Je KOHCTaHTHO MeHTaJIHO yKJby
ce MOlKe Hl.l.Il:L'lC.n:aTH;

.. rrponjcpan3EbC nOHl:UlJaIh3;

Opral!H3auHja MH"'OpMaL(Hia H 3H' . . 'I' ." afb3 Ha JacaH M ):(OC1ynan Ha'UIH 3a EbHXOBY npMMJeHy y PJcruas3IbY 6n11cKHX np06neMa'

~K.jbyqHBOCT CBn:x yqCHl1K3 Y YCB3jafbY 611THl1X ca):(~)l(aja KaKO

Y CYIUTHlIH

O.n:HOCHO llapujaHTIf H

npeIIH3HOCTH HnH BjClllTHHC, oMoryl1aB3fhc TpaH3Hllnje n CJIH'I110.

'

¢OKy~p~~B;P~

YBo.n:a (I1JIH oTBap3fba HHTeparCTH]lHeJIeKL(Hjet yqeHHL(H H BOJe ~HCJIH H rra)!(H,y Ha L(l1Jb neKmrje H rrpMnpeMajy ce 38 Y'leEbe a~TaBHHK ne ycrr]eWHO rrpY)!
.. H3a6epe MaTepHjan KOjIf o.n:rOBapa L(HJbY;-

_

• IIope,n:a HH¢opMaQHje Y JIOrfflJaH CJIrrje.n;

-. _-

.- .

---

• O.n:Jl)''IH Koja ne nHTaH,a nOCTaBHTH Y'IeH[i~liMa;' .. a • 0.n: 6epe HH¢OpMaL(Hje II rrHTafbapenesaHTHa 3a yqcffHKe H • HamaCH peMHe anJIHKaU;Hje 3 H 3 f u a . . _ .

KIbyqHH CTa.nHjl{ y 06plryrOM

KpCHparha caBpeMeHor 06pa30BHOr

KYPHIcynyMa H MI1KpOl1JlaHa e¢mmcne pCanH3aJJ;flje HaCTaBHe je.n:HHI1IJ.e cy: 1. l1.Il:eHTHqmKaL(Ifja lKCJbeHHX pe3Y.'1TaTa,

2.

O.Tl.peljuBafbe rrpUXBaTJbHBHX .n:OKa3a H .

3. nnaHHpaH,e I1CKycTalla Y'leH,a )f(CJbeHH pC3ymaTYl

cy

H rroY'laB3.1ba . ca)J.p)KajH I
C110C-

06HOCTI1 ... ) KOjC je npHje,[lHO IT TpajHo 3a!l.p)KaTH. FbHM3 ce, .n:aI
vgnnn"",

",,,,'.,p"''''ICl

3a pa3.JIHKy 0.Tl. OHor IIITO je B3)!
BpHJe.L\1i Y1103Ham.

82

83

KpliTeplIjlI (cpH.JITeplI) Y 1I'!WHTllcpI1KalU1jll )l(eJheHllX pe3YJITaTa cy Y KOjOj MjepI1 I1.D:eja, TeMa illIli l1pOL\ec: 1. l1pe.L\CTaBJhajy "BeJII1KY I1.D:ejy" Koja liMa 'I'pajHY BplIje.L\HOCT Koja Ha).J:HJIa311 OKBlipe YlJllOHllUe, 2. YJIa3e y CP)l( HaY'IHe .L\lICUHMHHe H3 Koje je l1pe.L\MeT H3Be.L\eH, 3. 3axTlljeBajy l10jalIIIheIhe II 4. HMajy nOTeHUHjaJI .L\a 3aHHTepecyjy yL!eHllKe? Kao npllXBaTJhHBll .n;OKa311 TpajHor pa3YMHjeBaIha l1pOrpaMcKllX ca.np)Kaja MOry ce YHanpI1je.L\ O.L\pe.L\IfTlI pe3YJITaUi HecpopMaJIHe npoBjepe pa3YMlljeBaIha, TeCTOBH o6jeKTHBHor Tlma, Ol1CepBaL\Hje H .L\Hja.nor, oTBopeHH O.L\roBOPH, pjeIIIeIhe np06JIeMCKllX3a.naTaKa, npaKTll'faH paJ]" cTBapaJIalJKI1 npO.L\yKT 1I OCTaJIll YlJllHUH yqeHHKa. ThraHIipaIhe HCKYCTaBa yqeIha H nOYLIaBaIha o6yxBaTa: KpeHpaIhe HaCTaBHllX cHryaL\Hja ,LijenoTBopHor noyqaBaIha, HH.L\HBll)),ya.nH30BaHor H lIHTepaKTlIBHor yqeIha 1I caMoyqeIha KaKO 6H yqeHHL\H CTeKJlll TpajHa 3HaIha, peJIeBaHTHe BjelIIuIHe 1I nO.L\CTHQaJIli Pa3BOj cnoC06HOCTH H OCTaJIliX 110TeHUllja.na COQHjaJIli30Bal-IllX HH.L\I1Bli,L\yanHTcTa, Te l1360p MaTepHjanHo-TexHw-IKHX pecypca 3a oCTBapIiBalbe QUJheBa HaCHme Kao H npojcKTOBaIM LiienoKynHor KoxepCHTHor H nJIO.L\OTBOpHor .L\H3ajHa (y 06PHyrOM CJIHje.ny) peanl13al.(uje HacTaBHe je.L\Hl1HQe (O.L\HOCHO TeMe, nO.L\MO,L\YJIa, Mo,nYJla, KYPHKYJlYMa).

c., BllJIomjeBilli, M., KYH,lIaqHHa, M. (2005): YMjeue o:LiieIhHBaIha, <1:>aK)'JITCT XYMaHHCTillJKllX Ha)'Ka y MocTapy, McljyonUlTHHCKH ne.narOiliKH 3aBO.n y MocTapy . McPike, Elizabeth, and Others (2003): Obrazovanje za demokratiju. Washington, DC: Albert Shanker Institut. Nancy Haas (2004): MaTepMjaJIH H3 Metodologije gradanskog obrazovanja (cpoToKorrHje), npHrrpeMJheHH 3a IIporpaM QepTHcpHKaIl;Mje cpe.n;IhoillKOJICKHX HaCTaBHHKa 3a l1pe,nMeT ",lJ;eMoKpaTHja H JhYjJcKa rrpaBa", CIVITAS@ ErrX, CapajeBo. Nancy Haas (2005): Power Point prezentacijc iz Metodologije graaanskog obrazovanja, u knjizi ,,Demokratija i ljudska prava - CERTlFIKACIJA", CIVITAS BiH, str. 212 - 310. Roth, W.M. (2001): Gestures: Their role in teaching and learning, Review of Educational Research, 71, 365 - 392. CY3Hn, H. (2005): IIe,narorHja 3a XXI BHjeK, TT QeHTap, E. JIYKa. Ting, K. (2000): Cross level effects of class characterictics on students perception of teaching quality, Journal of Educational Psychology, 92, 818

10. Kaqanop,

11. 12.

B.

14.

15. 16.

825.

JIRTeparypa 1.

2.

3. 4.

5. 6.

7.

8.

9.

84

Aulls, M.W. (1998): Contributions of classroom discourse to what content students learn during curriculum enactment, Joumal of Educational Psychology, 90, 56 - 69. Bosacki, S.L. (2003): Theory of mind and self-concept in preadolescents: Links with gender and language, Journal of Educational Research, 92, 709 -717. EpaHKoBilli,~. -llimu, M. (2004): OCHOBH ne,naromje, Comesgrafika, E. JIYKa. Gibson, Cynthia, Peter Levine, and Others (2003): Gradanska misija skola. New York: Carnegie Corporation. Elster, John (1989): TeMeJhH .L\pYIllTBa: CryJ],Hja .n;pyruTBeHor nopeTKa. Cambridge, lliTaMna YHHBep3HTeTa Canlbridgc. llinul,M. (2004): PecnoHcu6IillHO yqelhe ytICI-ba, y KIhH3H: lilnepaKTHBHo yqeIhe IV - yqeIhe YlJeIha (CTp. 93 - 162), TT QeHTap, EaIha JIYKa. llimu, MIille (2002): KOM110HeHTe IHUepaKTI1BHe neKL\Hje y rpaljaHcKoM 06pa30BaIhy, 360PHHK pa,u,OBa ,,,n:eMoKpaTllja HJby,nCKa npaBa", CIVITAS@ EHX. llia30BlI ,neMoKpan!je H IIIKOJIa (2002), HHCTHTyr 3a ne.n;aroiliKa HCTpmKHBalha, BeorpajJ. llimD., MIille (2004): YHal1peljHBaIhe 06pa30Bafba 3a .n;eMoKpamjy 1I Jhy.n;cKa l1paBa, "Hailia IIIKona", E. JIYKa, 6p. 3-4, c'I'p. 5 - 33. Johnson David W. H Johnson Roger T. (2002): EneMCHTil KoonepamBHor yqeIha, y 360PHHKY pa.L\oBa ",lJ;eMoKpa:ruja il Jby,ncKa npasa", CIVITAS@ BiH. 85

Mp

CJIO)!(eHOCT np06JIeMa KOjHM ce oB,n:je 6aBHMo YBJIa"IIT Hac Y 3aTBopeHH Kpyr H BpTJIOr 6e3 ,ll,Ha y KOMe ce TelIIl
UIKOllCKH H1l,T(30PHHK

Ho, 6e3 063l1pa Ha CBa oTBopeHa I1lITaIha, HecnopHo je ,n:a 3an:3TaK IllKOJIe IT jecTe Y TOMe ll,a 6ap H3 HeK3 nHTaIba H ,ll,I1JIeMe ,lJ,3 on:rOBOp. Ol
a

Ka,n:

6l1CMO ce

MaFbe Y'IeHHKY, )ljeTery

I
rtienOBHToj JTH'UlOCTI1, FberOBHM cnoco6HOCTHMa, HHTepeCOBaFbHMa, FberoBOJ

YJIOrA HACTABHHKA Y CTBAPAIbY KJIHME Y PA3PE)lY

JIHl.fHOCTll C 'jaKHM" W1H "MaH,e jaKHM" ,lJ,HCrr0311u,HjaMa, rroKa3yjytm My ,n:a HaM je CTaJIO ,n:o Fbera, ,ll,a ra rpe6aMO H YBa)!(aBaMO, ysjepeHH CMO ,lJ,a 611 ,ll,0 o,n:roBopa Ha MHora nHTaFba Imja ,ll,aHaC onTepenyjy IUI
,L7ouwo caM 00 3acmpawy}vncz oa CaM ja OORY'ojynu CReMwm y Y'lUOIIUtiU. BU'IIIU npucMojc OUC(JI/O paCl10RoJ/CCfbC Y'lwnCib, ja 110cjeo.JjeJw OZPOlfjaoHUM U7U nOHU3umu llJ7U opaCnORO:JICUmU, u3Ruje'lUn1u. Y CG1LW cumya/.fujaMa, MOj o020eop OOJ7Y'Iyje oa o1U ne KpU3a nopacmu UJIU lie u xapMOIIU30eamu ce U,7U lie.

Haim Ginott

H ITOBpUIaH rrpeme,n: caBpCMCHITjc rre,llarOllJKO-ITCITXOJIOUIKe JIUTcparypc YKa3yje Ha nOTpe6y ,n:a ce y

HerrOCpc,llHOM pa,n:y C yqeHl1lJJIMa, nopc,ll,

KOrHI1THBHUX (Ca3HajHux) UJIJbCBa YTmnpcryyjy H oCTBapyjy 11 QUJbCBI1 KOju ce O,ll,HOce Ha cOllHjamm H CMOll,HOHallHH Pa3BOj ;:tieTcTa. ilpe,ll, caBpcMcHY UIKOny rrOCTaBJbajy ce 3axTjcBIf ,'l,a ce MJIa,ll,If y TOKY UIKOJIOBalha nprmpeMe 3a Pa3BOj ,ll,eMOKpaTcKor ,ll,pYUITBa Koje KapaKTepIfUIe 3ajC,ll,HHl.fKO )KI1BJbeFbe C ,I'lpymMa, KBaJIIfTeTHHje KOMyHI1Ul1paFbe, pa3YMl1jeBaFbe .11 cno3Haja cc6c IT ,n:pyrliX, pa3Boj BJIaCTHTHX ocjell.aFba, cTBapaFbc PCaJIHC CJIHKC 0 cc6IT, pa3YMHjcBaFbc ocjenaI-ba ll,pyrnx ... McljyrHM, MHoro je JIaKUIe HaBCCTIf l.\HJI,CBC 11 3all,aTKC KojH CC nOCTaBJbajy npc,ll, caBpcMeHY IIIKOJIY Hcro liX pcruIM30Bam. IIlKOJIY Kao HHCTl1rylll1jy, yqcHI1Ke 11 HaCTaBHHKC rmje Moryne nocMaTpam H3BUH ll,PYUITBeHOr oKpy)!(eFba If GTUBIfTH HX no,ll, "CTaI
lDIM

110CJbC,lJ,Hll,a TaKBe lIIKOJIe; r;:tie JIe)!(e Y3POllH

HenOBOJbHOr

MIfIIIJberba 0 HaCTaBHlHl,I1Ma? JIenc3a MorynHx oAroBopa je llIl1p6Ka: MaTCpnjaJIHII rroJIQ}lmj, 110ma CeJIel
~. I1HcTHryU,rrjH O,lJ,I'OBOprIOj H 3a o6pa3osap,:,e

!1 BaCI1ITTaI-be, Kpma I10pO,lJ,I111e, nOlll YTI1113j nOTpOmat{KOr ,lJ,pYIIITBa, KpH3a Mopana, M3C-Mell,Hjn 11 C,lWIHO. eBa

ilpOMOu,rrja n01pe6e 3a pa3BojeM nOBOJbHe ne,lJ,arOIUKe KJIHMe y IIII
OCTsaplisalbe YClljemHe KOMYHIfK3lluje Ii IiHTepaln~IIje Y pa3pe,1l,y ilOBOJbHa aTMoc
.

Hal1Me, CBHMa HaM je n03HaTO ,n:a je MHoro JIaKme ,ll,a ce 3a OHO mTO HHJe y pe,ll,y Ol
HaCT~lBHI1K;yqeHHK

- yqeHHK. HrpaFbe YJIora Y KOMYHHKalll1jl1 Koje

ce CBO,ll,eHa TaK03Sali-e "THnopYKe", Oll,HOCHO "JA llopYKe", ,I'lOnpHHOCH 60JbeM pa3YMHjeBaFbY--KaKoMeljycQ6HHX O,ll,HOCa TaKo II pa3YMIfjeBaFbY H o6jamFbeFbY O,ll,peljeHor -nOHal:llaTha;:~·.··:- . _ TIpaBo nl1Tallie je'~a JIli je HaCTaSHHK cnpeMaH ,ll,a, C llHJbCM OCTBapHBaFba ycnjemHe I<()MYHHKaIllije H IfHTepaKQHje, "TH - nopYKe" rpaHC
86

87

HCTHuaH,eM rrpHMjepa OBO MO)!(eMO Bje)J(6am C YQCHHUI1Ma. TIpl1Mjep: 3aMOfll1neMO yqeHllKe .n:a TH-rropYKe TpaHcqlOpMHmy, K~ TaKO .n:a OHe y CTBapM 6y.o:y JA-rropYKe. TH-110PYKE 1. "TH CTAJIHO TIP.HYAlll.o:oK Tpaje npcl1aBaIbC"; 2. "TH ME CTAJIHO OMCTam, aja xony )la c,1ymaM". JA-TIOPYKE MOry I13L'Ie,ll,aI'll OBaKO:

1. "Ja He Mory )l06po pa3yMjeTl-l npe)laRaIhC, aKa TH CTanHO IIPHLJaW." 2. "OBO Me MHoro llHTepecyje, rra He MOL), 06pamnllla Te6c nU)JClby.". TH-TIOPYKE "TH CTaJIHO rrpHqam, ,L\OKja npe,L\~eM. TaKa OMCTam )lpyre". "TIpeCTaHH C HIM". (Hape,ll,6a) "TH ce nonawam HC3peflO". (KpHTHKa) "HeMoj MIICllHTH,L\a CH HajnaMCTlU1jll". (HpoHHja) BH)lJbllBO je )la cy OBaKBe II C,1JjQHe nopYKe yrnaBlloM ynytleHe yQeHllKy. HacTOjafue )la ce Tll-nopYKe KU)JCY Y BIl,L\Y Ja-nOPYI,a )lOrrpHHYljene ,ll,a ce HenITO BllIlle Ca3Ha 0 TOMe KaICO ce HaCTaBHHK ocjeha H KaKO Ha !:hera YTHqe

na KJ1HMa y pa3pe.n:y He 3aBHCH caMO O)l HaCTaBHllKa H O,ll,HOCa Ha peJIau:njH HaCTaBHHK - yqeHHK, Ben H o.n: Meljyc06Hor O,ll,HOCa yqeHHKa. H nOBpllIHO npoyqaBafhe (npor.tiCfhHBafue) YTl1uaja COI.\l-!jaflHO-eMOI.\HOHaflHe KJ1HMe Ha nOHamafhe H ycnjex YIJeHHKa YKa3yje )la je peJIaTHBHO HaKO 3ana3HTH o;:tjeJbefha y KojHMa je pa3pe.n:Ha KJ1HMa npHjaTeJbCKa, Capa)lHllLIKa H cp).(aqHa, a y HeKHM )lpyrHM HeKooncpaTHBHa, XJIa,D,Ha, KOH
O)lpeljeHo YQeHHKOBO nOHamaIhe. AKO TII-nopYKY "TIl CTaflHO npIIlJaIll, )lOK ja npe)lajeM", Ka)!(eMO y BII,ll,Y Ja-rropYKe: "AKO Til npHqaIll ,ll,OK ja npe)lajeM, ja nocTajeM HepB03aH H

npllXBaTJbHB Ha"lliH HT,ll,. ,lJ;oBoljefheM yqeHHKa y aKTHBaH O,ll,HOC y 6HJIO KOjOj O,ll, HanpHje).( HaBe-

H3HaralbY rpa)lHBa", HaCTaBHI1K cKpehe nU)J(J:hy Ha CBOjy

,ll,eHI-lX cHryau:nja, yqeHHI.\H ne pa3BHjaTH cBHjecT 0 TOMe ,ll,a IIIKOJla HHje MjecTo

O)lrOBOpHOCT H onncyje cBoje CTafue. ,lJ;pynlM pl1je t UfMa, HaCTaBHllK YKa3yje Ha

r,ll,je ce caMo Tpa)!m H npoBjepaBa 3Halbe. Kao 'IJIaHOBH O,ll,jeJbefhCKe

TO )la je np06JIeM KOjll OH llMa nOCJbe,ll,llua H3a3BaHa neqlljHM nOHamafheM. HaBe,ll,eHll npllMjep nOKa3yje cnpeMHOCT HaCTaBHHKa )la 6Y,ll,e OTBopeH II ,ll,a ll3HeceHH np0611eM )llljeJIM ca CBOjHM YIJeHlU.\I1Ma. Ja-nopYKe HMCY ynepeHe Ha llH
(IllKOJICKe) 3aje).(HHI.\e OHM cy y npHJIlll.\H ,ll,a pa3BHjajy cBHjecT 0 CBOjHM nOTpe6aMa Koje MOry 3a)lOBOJbHTH 6alll ry, nOTpe6y 3a Ca3HafueM, ycnjexoM H a
HerrpeUH3aH y

"AKO HaCTaBHMK ynynyje Ja-nopYKe, y t lCHI1L(11 ne 6HTH cnpcMHHjll .n:a llX YBa)!(e II .n:a HM H3aljy y cycpeT, YMjecTo ,ll,a ce 6paHe, JbYTe 11 rrpeTBapajy. Ja-nopYKe HMajy IUIll HcnYIhaBajy TpH 611THa YCJIOBa ;:tjeJIOTBOpHOCTH: a) BeHHKa je BjepoBaTHOna,ll,a ne OHe nOKpcHyrn BOJbY 11 )!(eJbY yqeHllKa 3a npoMjeHoM CBora nOHamafha;

KaUHje H HaqHHa PYKOBoljefha, ne.n:arOIllKor T3KTa, ,ll,eMOKpaTCKor yBjepefha,

6) OBe nopYKe ca.n:p)!(e MllHllMyM HCraTHBHOr Bpe)lHOBaIha )rqCHHKa;

OTBopeHOCTH H HCKpeHOCTH npeMa MJIa)lHM JbY,ll,HMa, caMonOY3)lafha, TOJIep3H-

B) OHe, TaKolje, He Hapylllanajy O)lHOCC YIJeHlIK - HaCTaBHHK".32

UHje, OTBopeHOCTH 3a ).(PYKIJHja MHIllJbefha H Bjepe y JbYAY 3aBHCH KO.iIHKO ne ycnjexa HMaTH y
Je.n:aH O,ll, 6HTHllX YCJIOBa :la- I!Ocni.3aJ:hC 1106pnx pC3YJITaTa y HaCTaBH je ,ll,eMOKpaTCKa aTMOC
o).(peljeHe I.\l1JbeBe, opraHH3UUHjy H nporpaM pa.n:a; KojHne OOJu.rK PYKOBo~efha npHMHjeHHTH, 3a KOjy ne ce BpCry .n:HcUHTIJIHJ:Ie 3aflara;rH.H KOJlHKO cse OHO IllTO OH npeJlY3HMa 6HTH npHXBaTJbHBO 3a yqeHllKe,-HapaBH(), I<.BaJIl-lTeT

he

Bafhe, HHI1I.\HjaTI1Ba yqeHHKa- (napmUHnaI.\Hja Y 110HOmCIbY O,ll,J1YKa), eMOI.\HO-

o.n:Hoca Me1)y HaCTaBHHI.\HMa 6HT3H je
Haflna TOTIJIHHa H CJIHqHO: TIoTpe6iIo Je jOlllje,1.(HOM HamaCHTH, ,ll,a eMOUHOHafl-

(MaH)ll1n, TI. H fajaHomdl H.,1991). eMOUl10HaflHoj KJ1HMH y pa3pe).(y H YJI03WHacTal'l.I1HK3 y cTBapafhY n03HTHBHe eMOI.\HOHaJIHe KJ1HMe paCnpaBJba H CY3Hn (2002)" II npenopyqyje

o

32 TI. CrojalwBH9 - TIcHxoJlomja 3a l;UCTaJlHHKe, CTjl.320.

88

HaCTaBHllKY:

89

"yrro3HaTH cc6e H CBOj npl1cryn IIpeMa yqeHlill,HMa;

-CTpax,

(OBO ocjenafbe je 3a cTpore HacTaBHIfKe, Hea.n,eKBaTaH

-

YlI03HaTl1 Y'feHfIKe Kao noje;:uml(e 11 Kao yqeHVt'iKH KOlleKTHB;

yrrJIamenOCT

-

npeno3Ham Ka,Il,a je HaCTaBa
Ha'IHH KOMyHHUHpafb3 nomUlieH mac, 6Hjec); (Be3yje ce 3a PaJJ, HaCTaBHHKa If rroje,nHHe HaCTaBHe rrpeA-

pajyna; o6pamur IIIDKfbY Ha HHTepnepCOHallHe o,n:Hoce y HaCTaBH H rroce6Ho

- ,nocaJl,a

-

MeTe, oAroBapafbe CJI36HjHX y
Ha cMjep KOMYHHKaUHje; YBIDKaBaTH CBaKor yqeHHKa; 1I0nH o,n: Te3e ,Il,a cy eMOl(Hje H3BOP HllH

- 3a6pUHYTOCT

(ymaBHoMje rrOBe3aHa c ycrrjexoM - HeycrrjexoM).

-

MOTHBaTopH Y'lefba; l-f36jeraBaTH HpOlmjy, capK83aM HllH 6l1ll0 KaKBY nOKYJ\Y Koja ce O,llHOCll Ha y
-

HajKpane peqeHO, H rrpHjama H HerrpHjaTHa ocjenaIba yqeHHK3 y Be3H cy C o~efbHBafbeM, rrpoBjepaBafbeM 3Hatb8 H CTHJIOM pa,n;a HaCT8BHl1Ka. AKO HaCTaBHHuH y pa)J,)' H KOMYHHKaUHjH C yqeHHllJIMa H3pIDKaBajy pa3YMHjcBluhe, no.npmKY H nOM on, OH)J,a KOA yqeHHKa H3a3!1Bajy rrpHjaTH8 ocjenafb8: oxpa6pelbe, 3axsammCT H IlOHOC. MHIIIJbeIba H CT8BOBH )"IeHIIKa 0 B3)KllHM JIH'IHOCTHMa y lllKOJIH (Hac-

C.no60,ll8H CTaHojJlOBlin (2003) aHall113Hpa pe3YJlTaTe eMmrpHjcKor HCTPa)Klmafba Koje je IIpoBeo 2002. rO,Il,ImC Ha y30pKy 535 yqeHmca H3 neT OCHOBHHX 11 Tpli cpeAfbe lIIKO.'le C nOAPY'Ija omUTHHa EHjeJbHHa, 3BOPHHK H YrJbeBHK. HCmITHBafbeM cy o6yxIlaneHH yqeHHuH VII H VIII pa3pe1\a OCHOBHe lllKOJIe

TaBHHlm, oAjeJbefbCKe cTapjermme, 1\HpeKTOp, l1e1\aror), ,n,ajy O}l,rOBOpe Ha MHora rrnTafba npo6.rreMa O,n,HOC8 y'!eHHKa H ,npyrl1X 8KTepa HaCTaBC, Kao

(350) H yqCHHKa III H IV pa3pc1\a Cpe,Il,Ihe lllKOJle (ISS).

npoueca, 11 IIIKone Rao I1HCTITTYUHje.

Ayrop je eKCIIJIHlJ}!TaH: ... "Jl,a pe3YJITaTH HCTpa~HBalha HeJl,BOCMHCJIeRO yrryliyjy Ha rroTpe6y ynarrpel)HBalha KJIHMe pa3YMlljenau,a,,33. HCTpa-

Pe3YJITaTe HCTpa)Kfmmba ayrop CaJKHMa y KpaTaK, jC3rpOBl1T rrpnje,Il,JIor Mjepa H aK,I1BHOCTH 3<[ ymmpefjl1Bafbe KJUlMe pa3YMHjcBaIha y IIIKOJm:

)KHBafbe je 06YXBaTHJIO ABa BruIma cerMeHTa KaJJ,a je pHjeq 0 II03IITHBHOj eMOUHOHaJJHoj KJlllMli y pa3peJ\Y (IDKOJm:): 1. illKOJlCKe cHryaUHje y KojHMa cy Y'IeHHUH ,Il,o)KllBJbaBallH npIIjaTHa H HelIpHjaTHa ocjenalba II pacnOJIO)Kefba II MHIIlJbelbC H CTaBOBll yqeHHKa 0 BIDKHllM JIllqHOCTIIMa y lllKOJIll.

2.

AHaJJll3a oAroBopa yqeHIIKa Ha nHTafba 113 TaqKe je)J,aH YKa3yjc Ha CHryauHje Koje KO)J, yqeHllKa ll3a3Imajy: - paJl,03HaJIOCT (KBallllTeT HaCTaBe II o~efbHBafbe); (pa3YMlljeBafbe yqeHllKa OA crpaHe HaCTaBHllKa H o~efbH­ - 3aXBaJIHOCT Bafbe); (yqeHllUH ce ocjenajy oxpa6peHo y cmyallHjaMa Ka)J,a - oxpa6peHOCT

- DOBOC

OMallOBIDKaBafbe )rqeHHKa);

o,IJjeJbefbCKe

npemOCTaBKe 3a ycnjeIIIHy COUHjallH)' HHTerpauHjy... 2. HHTeH3HBHpaI-be crp)"IHor ycaBpIIIaBafba HaCTaBHI1Ka, H YCMjepanaIbe Ha CJbeAene ca)J,p)Kaje: xYMaHH3aUHja OAHoca Y'leHHK - HaCTaBHHK H HeRaCl1J!Ha KOMYHI1KaUl1ja: KJIHMa pa3YMHjeBafba y lllKOJIH ... 3. HHTeH3HBHpafbc aKTHBHOCTll Koje cy y
HajIUHpeM CMHC,1Y ocmlKalla fIHTafha 0 KojHMa oB,nje paCnpaB.fbaMo.

5.

HaCTaBHHKOBO pa3YMHjeBalbe yqeHHKa, 6llaroBpcMeHa H O,Il,rOBapajyna

CSHX acneKaTa

•

pa3BOJ3 Y'IeHHKOBe nHqHOCTH

,,34

...

TX

n3rpa,I]JbH nOBOJbHe

pa3pe,ll,He KJIHMC ,norrpHHoce 38je)J,HH'lKe aKTHBHOCTH HaCT8BHHKa H YQeHI1Ka O)J,jeJbefba y~ 3ajC,Il,HHQKH ITJlaHJfpaHHM H peallH30BaHIIM aKTHBHOCTHMa: xyMaHliTap~He aKllHje, rtoMOn )J,pyry Y yi:( Moryne je OCTBapllTU y o.ajeJbefbCKHM HJlH pa3pe,ll,HHM aITJlHKaTHBHHMHcTpro{mBafbHMa. HaKOH npOBCACHHX «HCTpIDKlmaIb8» 06aBe3a HaCTaBHHKaje )J,ao' pe3YJITaTUMa pa3fOBapa C yqeHHuHMa. EBO 3a TO HeKOJIHKO

33 Ayrop ce onpeill1jemlO 3a TepMHH (cI1lITarMY) "KJIHMS PS3YMIljcBSlbS Y WKOJIIl" 11 Kao

0

.

~

~

rrpHMJepa.

OBOMe Bmne

Kfhl1311 Mp CJl060!l,aH CTaHojJlOBHn: "Pa3YMl!jcnalbe MJlanHX (YlIanpel)HnaI-bC COIrH-

jammx 11 eMOUI101laJ1HI1X KOMneTCmrl1ja,

90

OKBHPY

rrOMOn )"IeHI1UHMa HHje Moryna 6e3 n03Hanaiba H KOHTHH)'HpaHor rrpanefba

- JhYTlba, 6Rjec

y

y

II03HTHBHe H ueraTHBHe KJIHMe Y lllKOJHI... H

A06por HaCTaBHI1Ka... ); (rrOBe3aH je C HepaUHOHallHHM on;jefbHBaIbeM, )J,aBaIbe cJla6e o~eHe 360r HeAHCul1rrJII1He, npl1MjepH Bpl1jeljaIba H

y

CBera,

1I0Mon, Ka,Il,a yqeHHllH oCTBapyjy YClIjex); (ycnjex yqeHHKa, pe3YJlTaTH Ha TaKMH'IefbY, KaJJ,a je no,Il,p)KaH 11 oxpa6peH OA CTpaHe HaCTaBHHKa - JIHjerra pHjeq); (ocjenafbe I10Be3aHO ca CJIa6HM o~eHaMa H HeI1paBe,nHHM ortiefbHBafbeM, Hepa3)'MHjeBafbe HaCTaBHHKa, O)J,Jla3aK

BH,njeTl!

(npHje

HaCTaBHHK rrOKa3yje pa3YMHjeBafbe, Aaje rr01\plllKY, npY)Ka

-tyra

TaKBa

1."Pa3BHjafbC H pealll13aU:Hja

3ajC,Il,HHue) nporpaMa npeseHTHBuor KapaKTepa KOjH HMajy 3a llHJb: pa3BHj8fbe COL(l1jallHHX BjeIIITUHa H YMHjel1a KOMyHl1unpalba KO,n, MJIa)J,IIX Kao

2003).

34 CTallojJlOBHn, C.,2003.~ CTp.

10-22.

91

,ll;OrOBOP KYliY nA,ZI,U35

KAKOPACTE:u;BHJEliE

PMHOHH~a: I(pTe)J{ y napy

:U;HJI, PMHOHH~e: Pa3ByUalhe cBHjeCTH 0 norpe6H capa,n,lhe H ,[(oroBapalha, jatIalhe YHYTPaIlllhe Koxe3yUe ol\ieJbelhCKOr KOJIeKrHBa; Bep6MHa H HeBep6aTLHa KOJ\tyHIiKall,Iija. Cu;eHa Ii':

113 a,[(a 6eI,la: CBaKO '[(IijeTe rrpaBIi CBOj 6eI,l y 06JiHK H 60jIi KOjy )J{emI I

1. I(pTalhe y napy C MOryUHOIIIUY .noroBapalba. 2. I(pTalhe y rrapy 6e3 MoryuHOCTH .noroBapaIha. 3. Pa3rOBOp y Kpyry. 4. I(pTe)KOM TH rrpHtIaM npHIIy. TOK aKTHBHOCTH

1. )Jjeuy rro.nl1jeJII1MO y rrapoBe. CBaKH nap J.(o6uje jeJ.(aH rranl1p (cpopMaT A4) H je.nH)' onoBKY). YtImeJb liM Ka)J{e: "Ca,n,a je CBaKH rrap .n06110 je.naH narrl1p H je.nH)' OJIOBKy. HeKa napOBl1 3aje.nHo YXBare onOBKY PYKOM KOjoM nHmy. Ca.na ueTe 3aje.nno J.(a Hau;pTaTe HeIliTO. ,IJ;oroBOpl1re ce KaKO ueTe TO .na H3Be.neTe II Hau;pTaTe". (HaKOH ,n:Ba .nO TPli MllH)'Ta n03HBaMO napOBe y Kpyr. ilOKa3yjy IlITa cy nau;pTMH H npH'Iajy KaKO cy TO H3BeJIH). 2. )Jjeu;a OCTajy y HCTHM rrapoBHMa HJIH npaBe HOBe napoBe. ilOHOBO CBaKH nap .no6Hja caMO je.nHa nanHp H je.nH)' OJIOBKy. YnyTCTBO yqHTeJba: "Ca.na je oneT CBaKH nap .n06HO je.nna nanl1p 11 jeJ.(HY OJIOBKy. HeKa rrapoBH 3aje.nno YXBaTe onoBKY PYKOM KOjOM rrHllly. 3a.naTaK je ,'1a CBaKH rrap 3aje.nHo Hau;pTa ca,n,a CaCBHM HelliTO ,n:pyro, MH oBaj nyr neMa HHKaKBor .noroBapalba. He cMllje ce H3rOBOprlTU HHje,n:Ha pujetI". 3. Pa3I'OSOp y Kpyry CBaKH nap rrOKa3yje cBoje u;pTe)J{e U rOBOpu KaKO cy ce CnOpa3YMHjeBMH 6e3 rOBopa. Ka,n:je 6HJIO JIaKllle U;PTaTH? 3aIllTO cy 6arn TO Hal.iPTMH? 4. I(pTe)KOM TH npwJ.aM npHIIy Y'IenHU;H cje,n:e y Kpyry. Y cpe,n:mfH Kpyra je BeJIHKl1 narmp. YtIHTeJI,: "OBaj BenHKU narrup Kpy)!mne Meljy HaMa. ilo'Ielle U;pTaTH MapKo. Hau;pTane HelliTO rro CBOM H360py H .noAane nanup CBOMe cycje.n:y C JIlljeBe CTpaHe. OBaj ne rrorne.naTH IIlTa je Hau;pTaHO H Aou:pTane jOIll HemTO, OHO mTO )KenH. TaKo ne rtamlp Kpy»mTH H CBaKO ne .L\Ol.\pTam HeIliTO. Ko 6y.ne nOCJbeAlhH u:p;r~o 3anO Llene rrpUtIy Ha OCHOBY u:pTe)J{a. TaKO pe.nOM. CBal(O ne penu rro je,n:Hy pelJeHHl.\Y .L\a 6H HaCTMa Hama 3aje.nHH'IK8. rrpH'Ia Ha OCHOBY 3ajeAHuLIKOr l.ipTe)I
92

. ---

....

.

A.r\arrrHpaIlO npeMa: THll,L\e KOllaq~UepOBHh H .tIpym: "MrpOM .lIO cn03HaJe", npHpy
pa,n:MOlIMUe 3a .ZIjeuy

PMHOHIma - BoljeHa 4JaHTa3uja I(HJI, p~HOHHl(e: Ocnalhajynu ce Ha Mamry, y ycnoBuMa KojH AorrpHHoce onymTaI-bY, OBOM BoljeHoM cpaHTa3HjoM "Mera4JopHlJHO ce o.nHrpaBa npouec Y KOMe ce ,Djeua peaJIHO HMa3e, a TO je npouec o.npaCTafba". Pa3BHjalhe U OlJYBalhe rpynHe Koxe3uje; 06HJbe)J{je nH'mor H 3aje.nHHlJKOr. H3p~a 6eua: CBaKO .nujere npaBH CBOj 6eu y 06JIHKY lJ,BujeTa (y 60jH) OHaKO KaKO TO OHO )J{enu. Cu;eHapHj: ,Djeua cy cMjemTeHa Ha orpaHHLfeHOM npOCTOpy. Y.n06HO cje.ne (rrO)J{eJbHO 6H 6HJIO .na je TO Ha Terruxy U y3 My3HKy - Hrrp. BHBM.nHjesa "CIeTHpu rOAUllilha .n06a" U TO "ilpoJbehe". YlJmeJb: "CBaKo 0,[( Bac je je.nHa Mana cjeMeHKa, a OBO je 6amTa y KOjOj heTe caAa paCTU. JaKO ce cKyrruTe, Kao cjeMeHKa y onHH, Koja Bac tmpCTO Ap)101. IIMa je 6nara KHrua, H3Jla3H cyHue, orrHa ce Oil TonnoTe pa3MeKlllaBa. CaAa MO)KeTe naKO H THXO .na ce pa3Mp.naTe. Xaj.ne .na ocjeTuMo KaKO paCTe 6HJbKa. ilonaKO, nonaKO paCTe 6HJbKa (yqHTeJb OBO U3l'osapa ycnopeHO), paCTe cTa6JbUKa. Ca,n,a MO)J{eTe naraHO qylJH)'TH, JIaraHO ce ucnpaBJbajTe, calla H3JIa3U jeAaH JIHCT, rrpY)J{UTe je.nHY PYKY, H3na3H rronaKO U .npyru nHCT, rrpY)KlITe H .npyry PYKY, Cra6JbUKa H .nalbe pacTe na ce nojaBJbyje nynOJbaK, .nHrHHTe . rJIaBe. CBaKH uBUjeT paCTe CBOjUM TeMTIOM, BU ce nOJIaKO HCnpaBJbaTe, CBH lJ,BjeToBu cy ce pacU;BjeTaJIH, naraHO paruHpHTe npCTe Ha pYKaMa, nHBa.na je ca.na nyHa UBjeTOBa, CBaKH l(BHjeT je je.nHHCTBeH H HerrOHOBJbHB, ycnpaBme ce caCBUM. OcjenaTe KaKO Bac cyHue rpuje, a naKH nOBjeTapalJ, JbYJba, BH ce JIaraHO JbYJbaTe Ha IIoBjeTapu.y, .numeTe .ny60KO H ocjehaTe KaKO BaM je OBl\ie JIfljerro". Ha YlJUTeJbeB 3HaK l\ieua lie cjecTH tIHHenH nOJIyKpyr. ilpe.n lhUMa je BenUKU KOMa,n, narrHpa (xaMep) H HcjelJeHH KOMallU 3eneHor Kona)J{-naIIHpa. nHjene Te KOMa.ne IIanupa tIHHeliH 3eneHY JIHBa.n:y. CKH'[(ajy cBoje 6eueBe UBjeToBe U Jmjerre HX Ha 3aje.nmILfKH naIIUp "JIl1BaAY".

MOJCTAB P~HOIIII~a: HeKa,n, 3a, HeKaA npOTHB :U;IIJI, PMHOIIHl(e: Y cBajalbe nojMa "CTaB 0 HelJeMY rum HeKOM; ocnoC06HTU ,Djeuy .na apTuKynHmy cBoje apryMeHTe 3a U npOTUR HeKor cTaBa, cpneKcu6HJInOCT Ha apryMeHTalJ,Hjy. . AHMH3a apryMeHaTa H KPHTU'IKO carne.naBalhCCBaKor rroje.nHHor CTaBa; oCIIoco6JbaBalhe YlJeHHKa 3a Mjepelhe CTaBa. -...

Cl(eHapllj: 1. HCKa3UBalhe CTerreHa cnaralba l\ieue C rroHYljemnvi Ctl'l:BOBUMa. 2. ilucaI-be apryMenaTa 3a U IIPOTUB CBaKor CTaBa ... 3. fpyrrHa aHMH3a apryMeHaTa 3a je):(aHcTas.: 4. ilo.nnoilielhe H3BjeIIITaja rpyrra. Y YBOAHOM AHjeny 'Iaca ytIeHHU;U cToje y nO.Tt)'Kpyry.-

93

Y'IIUeJb: "Ca)]'a ny Bac no,rmjeJUlTH y ,D,BtUe rpyrre. [pyna "A" TpIDKHne upryMeHTe 3a oBaj CTaB: "TPEEA IIOHEKA,U JIAf ATH", a rpyna "6" Tpa)f(ydie apryMeHTe 3a CTaB "HE TPEEA HHKA,U JIAf ATH".

4. TIoJJ,HomeH>e 113BjemTaja 11 aHanma pC3YJITaTa, YqHTeJb he caM KiTH 3ajeJJ,HO C yqeHI1I1HMa npIIKynHTH yKyITHC pC3YJITaTC.

Oml KOjl1 H3 rpyne "A" HJIH "E" HCMajy HMKaKaB CTaB 0 OBOMe, KOjH ce "KoJIe6ajy", Mory ce H3)]'BojHnr na )],pyrH Kpaj yqHoHMI.\e.

CTaB 1

(Osa aKTUBHOCT TPajc OKO 5 MI1H)'Ta).

0 -1

,'TanITH laTO WTO... 11. )],a ):(OBpwe peqeHHL.'Y- OHlI Y'IeHlflJ,l1 KOjl1 Ml1CJIe

-2

0)],

"He Tpeoa Hln.::ai1; JIaraTH JaTO

I

UITO •••

Y CKJIa.n.y ca CTaBOM YQeHl1l1U ne ce pacrropeljl1BaTI1 '13 jC,I1aH 3U,I:( nO'!CT!(a ao Kpaja 3aMIIWJbeaC JIIIHIrje: OHM KOjU cy H3ImjeJIII apryMCHTe )],a

Tpe6a nOBeKa)], JIaram

I

CTaB 3

+2 +1

Ca)]'a yqHTeJb rr03HBa y-qeHHKe ,D,a HeKOJIHKO IbHX nraCHO !«(j)j(y je,D,HOM peqeHHIl,OM pa3JIOr 3a CBOj CTaB. PeqeHHI.\a IlO'iIifue OBaKO: "Tpe6a 1l0HCKa,z:a: cynpoTHo )]'oBpwHlle pCqeIUU~ OBaKO:

CTaB 2

!

I

i

3a ITPOTlfB

I

MjecTo aa KpajIbOj nujeBoj CTparm 3H)],a Ha KOM

je Ta6JIa, a OHH KOjH MHCJIC J(a HHKa,D, He Ype6a JIaraTH 3aY3ene MjecTo Ha KpujIbOj

CTPUHI1 3H)],a Ha KOM je Ta6JIa. OHI1, naK, KOjl1 HeMajy 0 TOMe MjecTo Ha cpeJJ,I1Hl1 OBe 3aMHWJbeHe JII1HHje.

'"!,,r;p'I1P

1. HCK23iUllUbC crcnclIa CJlarau,a nje~e CI10IIYijeIIHM CTaBOBlfM3 (Y'-Il1TeJb ne 3a CBaKO JJ,l1jeTe npVmpeMHTH no jell:aH o6pa3alJ, o6mIKa Ii BeJlWIHHe Kao Ha CJIl1l~11 (A4)' 03Ra'IHTe OJIOBKOM lv~ecTo 3a Ball CTaB, yrTHcyjynl1 3HaK "x" TEflEBH3HJA JE IlITETHA _ _ _ __ ,UJEI(A HE TPEBA AA I1MAJY I,IEI1APAI( _ _ _ __ AJEI(A HE TPEEA AA YCTAJY OAPACJIHMA YAYTOBYCY

TEJIEBH3HJA JE KOPHCHA AJEI~A TPEBAJY M HMAJY I,IEITAPAI( ,UJEI(A TPEBAJY M YCTAJY 0WACJIHMA Y AYTOEYCY

Y OJJ,peijl1BafbY 3Ha'leI-ba pHjeqH H nojaBa yo611'IajeHo je Pa3JIHKOBam 1l:CHOTaTHBHo

nHmy apryMeHTe 3a BOj CTaB. 3. fpynHa ammma apryMcHTa. HanoMeHa y
TeneBIBHja je lllTeTHa ,IljelJ:a Tpe6a .1la HMajy uerrapau ,Ilj cI.\a Tpe6a lla YCTajy o.n.pacnHMa yaYTo6ycy

CnalKeM ce

HeoWIY'JaH caM

+2

+1

0

+2

+1

0

He Cnalll:eM ce_ ----

-1

-

~

-1 <__-,' ~

,-

- -

+2

+1

0

.

'

.-

-1

IIoTTIyHo ce He cnalKeM

- ,. -

'

KOUOTaTHBIfO

3Haqeu,e.

~eHOTUI.\Hja

je

CKCJIJIIHVHUa

~2 '.,

-2

rpymrcaFba HMfi.1UUI;lITHHX IWMnOHCIITH 3Ha'IeFba. ~Bl1:je pIfje'Il1 MOry I1MaTI1 HCTO aeHOTaTIfBHO 3HaQeI-be, a pa3JIH'IHTO KOHOTaTHllHO 3Ha'Iellie. KOHOTaTHBRO 3HaqCI-be KapaKTepHmy ocjenan,a Y ryMaQeFbY PHjC'Il1, CHM6oJIa, 3HaKOBa. 06l1Jbe~ie KOHOTaTI1BHOr 3HaQelba, jC,I1HOCTaBHI:Jje pe'IeHO, yKJbyqyje JIWIHO HCKYCTBO nojeJJ,!Ulu,a C 06jCKTOM Ha KojH ce pIfje'I OAHOCIf. CyrrPOTHO, JJ,eHOTaTIfBHO 3Ha'leFbe puje'IU UJIH 3HaKOBa je CKOPO YB11jeK HCTO 3a CBe JbY,I1C (Ha npHMjep: MaTeMam'lKI1 CI1M60JII1).

"03ryJJ" Cjy3H 11 TaHeH6aYM (Osgud, Suci,Tanenbaum, 1957) pa3paJJ,HJfI1 cy TeXHI-IK'j 1103Rary Kao HHcTpYMeHT )]'H
'<:':2

'.-. '

H

l1)],eI-ITl1(jmKau,tUa CTBapl1. To je je311K r.l\j'e cy TepMHHH HenpoMjeFbI1BI1. KOHOTaTI1BHO 3Ha'Ie!be lIMa UII1pl1 pacnOH H,I:(eja, OCjcnaFba H TeH)],CHlJ,Hjy

2. Ytll:lTeJb n03HBa yqeHI1Ka JJ,a HaKOH 03RaqaBUlba CTeneHa cnarallia

ITOTTIyHO ce CJIaJKeM

OBa paL\!Ior-llll~a jc YBO,IX y ReUITO CJlQ)KcHIlja H 32xTjeBHHja HCTpa)I(l1BaFbU. 3a OBY npmrHKy nplIKa3aneMO pe3YJITaTe orticlbHllafb3 ITojMa «pa,z:a: y rpymI», npHMjCHOM CCM3HTH"IKOr 1l:HqH;)pem~lfjaJm, nocryITKa KOjuM ortieH,YjeMo HeKH nojaM Ha O,I1peijeHoM 6pojy 6HnOJIapHI1X CKana.

)],eHOTaTI1BHO 3HaqeI-be r
-

vi

KOHoTaTHBHa 3HaQelha Koja My je Te)f(e OnHCaTI1". (P.KBaurQCB, TIpl1MjeH3 TeopHja yqCfba HU 06JIaCT HacTane 11 BacnHTallia, neorpaA, 1978, CTp. 214). CywnmanpHMjeHe CeMaHTI1'IKOr JJ,H
94

95

Ca,na HMaTe rrpJUIHKy ,na oqjefhyjeTe Ii IiCKIDKeTe cBoje CXBa:rafhe nojMa "pa,n y rpyrrH" Ha HeKOJIUKO orrHCffilX CKaJIa. 3HaKOM "X" 03HaqUTe Barny oqjeHY Ha CJbe.nenH HaqHH:

PA,n: Y fPYIIII l1 npe3HMe yqeHHKa pa3pe.n __ Ycrrjex y npeTxo.nHOM pa3pe.ny; 5,4, 3,2 (3aoKpJ)!(Ho oqjeHY ycrrjexa) nOJI: MyillKO (M), )KeHCKO ()J{) (3aOl(pY)l(l1) ,n:aryM pa.na _ _ _ __ I1Jv\e

p A,lI; y rPYllH

HaKoH yrrYTcTBa yqeHHl.\H CaMOCTaJIHO Bpl.lle npoqjeHY. 3AIDIMJ1HB X : _ : _ : _ : _ : _ : _ : ,n:OCA,n:AH OHaj KO MHCJIH JJ:a je paJJ: y rpynl1 caCBI1M 3aHllMJblIB CTaBl1ne 3HaK "X" OJJ:Max y3 rrojaM 3aHlIMJbllB. (IIo)lcjemm Y4eUHKe Ha Hrpy - paJJ:110Hl1UY «Moj cTas»).

,n:OCA)JAH _ , _ , _ , _ , _ , _ , _ , ,n:OEAP

-.;;;:,:...-= _ _, _ , _ . _ , _ ,

3AHI1MJ1llB JIorn

I1.JTI1

JIAl(ll]E CE yqH_,

CMETA Y YLIEl:bY

AKO je nOTrrYHO ,noca.naH ypa.ul1tle OBaKO: 3AHHM.J1HB :_:_:_:X:,n:OCA,n:AH

HE BOJ1HM PA,n: Y lPYI1H _,_,~_,_,_,

BOJII1M PA,lJ;I1TI1 Y fPYI111

OCJEllAM 3A,n:OBOJ1CTBO_,

OCJEnAM HE3A.,Z:(OBOJ1CTBO

olJOWEJE 3A

,n:OEAP JE3A ,I{I1CWIIIJlliHY

AKO HeKO Ml'lCJ1H .ua "pa.n y rpyrm" HHje 3a f:bera HIl "3aHHMJbHB" liH ,noca.uaH, 3HaK "X" CTaBl1lie Ha cpe.nHIly CKaJIe OBaKO: 3A.HHMJhHB _ : ___ : _:.-X_: _ : _ : _ : ,n:OCA,n:AH

,lJ;l1CIJ;l1IIJIl1HY YPA,I{Y _,~_,_,

3a OHe 3a Koje je BmIle 3aHIiMJblIB, aJIH He nOTnYHO CTaBIllie 3HaK "x" OBaKO:

CBl1CMO AKTHBHII __,_,_,

3AIDIMJ1HB_._X: :-:_:_:_:,n:OCA,n:AH. JUIH aKO je BHllie ".noca.naH", ruUl He rroTnyHo ypa.nuhe OBaKO: 3AIDIMJ1HB _ : _ : _ : _ : _ : -X_: _: ,n:OCA,n:AH.

JIOlliE JE 3A

,n:aKJle, YBujeK je Ha cBaKoj CKal1H caMO rro je.naH 3HaK. TaKo Tpe6a ypa.nUTH 3a CBaKY cKany. CBaKH rrojaM 03Ha'lHTH Ha CBaKoj CKaJIH. Ha CJ1H'laH HaLIHH y o.rtieJbef:bY HJ[l1 BlillIe o.rtieJbefha MO)!(eMO HCrrHTHBaTH rrpoqjefhHBafhe yqeHHKa HeKUX .npyrrrx nojMoBa Ha o.npeljeHoM 6pojy CKaJIa. MmKeMo, Ha rrpuMjep, oMoryllHTH Y4eHl1l.\l1Ma .na npoqjefhyjy rrojMoBe ,npyr, .npyrapcTBO, HaCTaBHHK, OTal.\, MajKa Il CJIIl'lHO. nO)!(eJbHO je .na ce 06e36rrje,nH llITO BeliH Y3opaK, a TaKolje .na o,npel)eHIl nojaM H f:beroBO 3Haqefhe npoqjefhyjy liCnliTaHl1i\li Pa3J1H'lUTllX Y3pacTa (peUUMO Y'leHHIJ.u V H VIn pa3pe.na, f:bUXOBH HaCTaBHHI.\H, po,nuTeJbU yqeHUKa U CJI114HO). OB.rtie HaBo,nuMo npuMjep KOpUUlTelba ceMaHnr4Kor .nlicpepeHIJ.Hpa.f:ba y VI pa3pe,ny y OCHOBHOj illKOJIli "l)opllcaB CraHKoBlill" y l)af:boj JIyIJ.U r.nje cy Y'leHHIJ;li Ha .neBeT CKaJIa rrpor.tief:bll.Ba.,llU rrojaM (CIrnTarMY) PA,I{ Y fPYIIH. )J{eJbeJIli CMO Ca3Ham KaKO y'leHliIJ.l1 OBor o.rtieJbefha npoqjeH,yjy KOHOTaTliBHO 3Haqelbe OBor rrojMa C acneKTa KBaJIllTeTa (.n06ap, JIOill, rrocqjernyje flU JUIH CMeTa yqefhY; ,na flU je 3aHUMJbUB WIll .ndca.naH; KaKO ra yqeHliIJ.li lJ.I1jeHe C 063UpOM Ha .nHCl.\HI1JIHHY H aKTliBHOCT y pan:y H CJlli'lHO).

YPAW MAJIOJE AKTI1BIDIX ,I{OEAPJE3A

JIOlliE YLIEHHKE --' --' --' _ , _ ,

JIOlliE Y"YEHl1KE

,I{OEAP JE3A ,lJ;OEPE YLIEHI1KE

JIorn JE 3A ,n:OEPE YLIEHI1KE

(Ha rpacpHKoHY: on:rOBOPH yqeHHKa)

n JerJle.n pe3YJITaTa, T a6eJIa N = 22 Ep. MI1Hl1CKAJIE X S MaKCI1CKaJIe MaJIHO MaJIHO 1 )lOcaJJ:aH 3aHI1MJ"bHB 5,59 1,53 7,00 2,00 )l06ap 2 J'IOlll 7,00 6,45 0,80 4,00 JIaKllle ce yqH 3 CMeTa yqefb y 6,13 1,52 7,00 1,00 He BOnl1M pa)l BonHMpan:y 4 5,86 1,52 7,00 2,00 rpyrm ':! rpynH OcjehaM OcjehaM 3,00 5 5,77 1,24 7,00 3aJJ:OBOJbCTBO " He3a,nOBOJbCTBO JIolllje 3a ,I{o6apjna 4,77 1,68 7,00 1,00 .6 ,nIiCl.\HIL'lHHY JJ:I1Cl.\illL'IHHY 7 CBI1 CMO aKTI1BHl1 - MaJIO je aKTHBHHX 4,77 1,90 7,00 1,00 JIolllje 3a ,lJ;06apje 3a .g 5,45 1,99 7,00 1,00 yqeHIiKe yqeHHKe I )J;o6ap j e3a JIolllje 3a 4,00 .9 6,68 0,77 7,00 ,no6pe yqeHHKe )l06pe yqeHHKe

., c·

-

.,' Cc

"

96

97

Y 06pa,n:11 pe3Y.TITaTa yTBP;U1 ce apTllMCTWIKa Cpe):UlHa (Mjepa ueHTpaJIHe TeF.,ll,eHUIIje) 11" CTaH,1l,ap,1l,Ha ,aCBHjaIl,l.lja. Ha OCnOBY TOra YP3)lH ce rpaqJHKOH (rpacpnqKO npe,1l,CTaB.1I>aThe) 3a o;:gCJbelf>e, a MO)f(e H 3a noje,1l,HHue. AKo 06paTHMO rr3)KfhY Ha rrO,1l,aTlce y Ta6emr je,1l,aH, YOqHneMO ,1l,a H3HOCH apTHMemqKC cpe,1l,HHe 11 CTaHilapl\HC ,1l,eBHjal.(l~je YKa3yje Ha chc,1l,dle: - UITO je apHTMeTJfl!Ka cpe;:(HIia Bena, orrpe,njeJbelbe (H36op) YlfeHHKa je npeMa KpajlbOj OujCHH HCKe 0):( CK3.:la (CKCTpCMHa BpHje,1l,HOcT), a UITO je CTaH,1l,ap,'J,Ha ,1l,CBHjaIlJIja Mafha, (pacnpillCHocT o,arOBopa MaTha) rpyna je y npoujeHl1 Te CKaJle XOMOrCHl:!ja. Y HailleM npHMjepy TO ce BH,1l,H Ha CK3JUI 2 (rpymm pap: jc ,1l,06ap - .Trom), CKa.TIH 3 - nOllie ce yqH - CMeTa yqCfhy: CK3J1H 5 - ocjenaM 3aAOBO.JbCTBO _ ocjehaM He33)lOBO.JbCTBO, Te CKa.1H ;:(CBCT (ilo6ap je 3a Ao6pc Y'lCllHKC - JIOIII je 3a A06pe )"l"eHHKc). AKO rrorrrCAaMO rpacpwIKli rrpHK33 3a rpyrry - o,1l,jCJben,e, BH.Il)bl1BO je ;':\3 jc rpyrrHH 06nHK paA3 BTfIllC 3aHHlI,FbHB ncro ,1l,OCaAaH, ,1l,a je BHlliC ,1l,06ap Hero JIOlli, ,1l,a ce HllaK J1aKillC y'lli Hero UlTO CMeTa ytrclhy, ,1l,a M3J10 BHIllC BO.1e pa,1l,HTB y rpyIIH, Hero liTO ne BOJIe, ,1l,a je BrraK Bene 3a,1l,OBOJbCTBO Koje nplIqHlbaBa TaKaB HaqHH pap:a Hcro lliTO jc HC3a,1l,OBOJbCTBO. Me~YTIIM, Ka,1l, je ,1l,l1CUHITJIHHa y p33pC,1l,y H aKTIIBI-lOCT yqCI-lHKa y lll1TaThY, rrpOIljeI-la je CJbe,1l,ena: rpymm 06.TII1K pa,lJ,a HHje JIOlli 3a ,1l,I1CL(l1rrmUlY, aJIH HI1 TaKO ,1l,06ap, lliTO je C,lW'lHO l1 3a aKTHBI-[OCT: "HIlCY CBl1 aKTI1BI-lfl", 3arrpaBO MaJIO HarI-lyne rrpeMa eKCTpeMHOM O,1l,rOBOpy "MaJIO je aKTl1B1:lI1X". OBaKBY oujeH)' MQ)KeMO qym 11 0,1l, 3Ha4ajHor 6poja I-laCTaBHllxa; p:a cy y rpymi orreT HajaKTHBI-lBjl1 OHH ",1l,06pl1" yqeHl1l.\11. HapaBHO, OBxlje ce ITO,1l,pa3YMyUeBa ,1l,a cy rpyne xeTepOreI-le. YqeI-lHL(H bBor O,1l,jeoDefba ITpOulIjeHl1nH cy ,1l,a je rpyrrrm pa,1l, l1naK 60JblI 3a JIome yqeHHKe, a CKOPO je MaKcHMaTIHo ,lJ,06ap 3a ,1l,06pe yqeHlIKe. Cry,1l,H03HyUa 06pap:a pe3ymaTa (IllTO npeB33lLTI33H HaMjeHe OBor pa,lJ,a) ,1l,aJIa 611 O,TIrOBOpe H I-la ,1l,pyra ITI1TaTha. 3a OBY npBJIHKy rrpl1K33anCMo ITOBe33I-lOCT pe3YJITaTa Ha CKaJIH ceMaHTrrqKOr ,1l,I1cpepeHUI1jaJIa CycrrjexoM 1I rrOJIOM yqeI-lHKa OBor oxljeJDeTha. 3a cBaKY CK3.Jrry 06paljeHl1 cy rro;:\aUli ITOCe6HO. OB,lJ,je neMO npHK33aTl1 npHMjepe caMO 3a I-leKe CKa.le. 1',6 a cw 2IT.OBe3aI-lOCT ycrrJexa

Ycnjex ,1\o6ap

InpJ10 ,1\o6~ O.lV1WIaH

"

rL I

1I

O,1l,roBOpa Ha CK3.J1Y 4

CKAJIHA BPI1JE,[(HOCT

2 0 0,00% 0 0,00 1 7,69 1 I i 4,55

I

3 0 0,1 J 0 0,00 1 7.69 1 4.55

I

I I I

I I

4 1 50,00 1 14,29 1 7,69 3 13.64

5 0 0.11 0 0,00 1 7,69 1 4,55

6 I,)

-

0,00 0 0,00 5. 3s-,46 -5 22.73 -

._-.

L

7 -l

50,00% -, -6"_~ 85,71 '4 " "30,77 " - 11" 50,00

--

CBH yqeHlIL(H ,lJ,3J1H cy O,1l,rOBope. 3a CKarry T.J.eTHpH (4) HI1KO HlIje ,1l,ao O,1l,rOBOp je.ll:aH I-la CKaJII-lOj BpHje,1l,HocTH. CKaJIa 4 rJIaCHJIa je "HE BOJI.HM PAJ( Y fPYITH - BOm{)"vf PAJ(HTH Y rPYIlli. Bpno .n:06PH YT.J.eHI1UH 6lIPaJIH cy meCT IT)'Ta Kpajlby CKaJIHY BpHje.ll,HOCT "BOm!M P3,n:HTH y rpyrrH", a je,1l,HOM HeyrpanaH H360p (Ol-raj Cpe,1l,IhH), "HHTH BonHM, HHTH He BOJ1HM". J(aKJIe, HMajy HH,1l,HcpcpeHTaI-l CTaB. O,1l"TIHqHH Y'IeHHL(H HMaJIH cy qeTHpH O,1l,rOBOpa Ha CK3.J1HOj BpHje.ll,HOCTH Ce,1l,aM, neT O,1l,rOB01'3 I1JIn H360pa I-la CKaJ1I-lOj Bpnje,1l,HOCTH llieCT, a 3a CKaJIHe Bpnje,1l,HOCTH 2, 3, 4 H 5 no je.ll,3H O,1l,rOBOp, ITOJIOBHHa o,1l,jeYDefba (50,00%) onpe.,1l,~jeJ1HJ1a ce 3a ce,1l,MY CKa.'IH)' BpyUe,1l,HOCT, a O,1l,rOBOpl1 ,1l,pyre nOJIOBHHe paCnplliHJ1J1 cy ce I-la OCTaJIe CKaJIHe BpHje,1l,I-lOCTH. H3paqyI-laTI1 X -11 KBa,1l,paT 10,5041, y3 10 CTeneHH CJlo6oAe rOBopH ,1l,a I-leMa CTaTHCTH'IKH 3I-laqajHe p33JIHKe y O,1l,rOBopHMa Y'feI-lHKa C 063HPOM Ha fbHXOB orrIllTH ycnjex (Ha HHBOY 3HaLJajHocTH O,OJ, O,1l,HOCHO 0,05 jep je p=0,392505). IbpaqyI-laTl1 KoecpHl~yUeHT KOpeJIaL(Hje (C=0,56) YKa.1yje I-la nOBe3aI-lOCT Cpe,1l,If>e BpHje,1l,HOcTH. KOMrrapaL(Hje pa,1l,H, nOrne,1l,ajMo nOBe3aHOCT O,1l,rOBOpa Y'IcHHKa Ha CKaJIH 4 11 IlO_TIa yqeHHKa.

Ta6e.l1a 3 IIOJI M)'IIIKll

IToBe3aHocT o):(roBopa (npoujeHc) I-la CKa.'1H4 H Ilona Y'fCHHKa.

2

°1

0,00

3

°

CKAJ1HA BPllJE,[(HOCT 5 6 4 2 1 1 11,11

11,11

5

55,56 4 6 lKeHCKli 7,69 0,00 30,77 46,15 1 1 5 11 4,55 22,73 4,55 50,00 Pearson Chl-squarc: 4,65071, df=5 p=0,459991 C = 0,56

L

0,00 1 7,69 1 4,55

22,22 1 7,69 3 13,64

7

°

L 9 13 22

Bpnje,1l,I-lOCT X-H KBa,1l,paTa jc 4,65071, y3 5 CTeneHH CJI060Ae ynynyje I-la 3aKJbyqaK ,1l,a HeM a CTaTHCTH'rKH 3Ha'lajHe P33JIHKC y rrpoujeI-lH CKa.1JC H3Me~y xljeqaKa H xljeBojqHL(a (H3paqyHaTH p = 0,459991 > 0,1l, 0,05). Koecpl1L(l1jeHTH KOpeJIai\Hje (C = 0,41) YK3.3yje Ha HcnompocjeqHY llOBe3aI-lOCT rrpoujeHe CKaJIC qeTl1pH (4), C 063HPOM I-la rrOJI Y'feHIIKa OBor O,1l,jeJbeTha. Ha CJIHqaI-l HaqHH BplliHMO aI-laJII13Y npoujeHe H OCTaJIHX CKaJIa.

-2 7

- - 13 -22

Pearson Chl-square: 10,5641, df=lO p=0,392)05 C = 0,56 98

99

YMJECTO 3AKJb~KA MAJUI CABJETM 3A YCllJElllHY KOMYHMKAUMJY

TI03MTMBHA KOMYHMKAlJ,MJA CA

lIaBaTl1 110311TliBHe liHCTpYKuHje Ka)!(HTe "ypa.L(H" YMjecTo "HeMoj";

OllHlllHTE rrOHAlllAH:.E I1JII1 CHTY AlllUY

"H,L(HTe nOJIaKO" YMjecTo "He Tpqrue" 11 CJI.

"BllJl}!M ... " (Hilp. Kfbl1re HMCY CKJIOfbeHe, IIaTIl1pe Ha IIO,L(Y)

KOPHCTHTl1 KOHCTPYKTHBHY KprfTHKy "OBOM caCTaBY He,L(OCTaje ja'fa YBO.L(Ha pe'feHHlla." 3Halll ,L(a TBOj PYKOllHC MO)!(e 6HTH MHoro 60JhH."

"fl1 611 ,L(a ... " HaBe,L\l1Te fbl1XOBY )KelhY H3 MaUlTe. "Tl1 6H YBiljeK,L\a rOBopmll anH ,L\anac lpe6ajy ,L\06i1TH lliaHcy

~EHMIUfl\1.t\.

IT

Oxpa6pHBaTl1 Ha 1103HTHBaH Ha'fHH

,L(PYrH."

"eBe CH ,L(O ca.L(a ,L(06po ypa,L(HO, nOKYlliaj TaKO HaCTaBHTH H ,L(a.Jhe KaKO "TpH nOPYKe" -liIleHTHQ,lHKauHia ocienafba

6H 3aBPUIHO 3a,L(aTaK."

"Cl1rypHo Cli nOHocaH Ha ce6e MMajynlI Y BlI,L(Y UlTa Cli ,L(O ca.L(a nOCTl1rao." "113me,L\alll (rY:)!(aH, pa30'lapaH, JbYT)" ")KeJIHlll JIll rOBopllTll 0 TOMe."

I

I

IIOXBaJIHTH KOHKpeTaH paJ], HJIH nocTynaK

fly TBOM pa,L(Y 0 cTapoj ATHHH HMa nyHo JIHjem!X onHCHHX l1pH,L(jeBa."

I

"IIoMoma CH MHJIHIJ,H 06jacHHBlllHjoj ,L(eTaJhHO I1jacHo UITa 3Ha'Ul Taj

I

rrojaM."

IIPETIPEKE Y KOMYHMKAU,.HJH II8.)KJbllBO cJI)'lllajTe

HapeljI1Bafbe, KOMaIlllOBafbe TH CTBapHO Mopalli ...

BIDKHO je oCTBapllTl1 KOHTaKT OtIl1Ma H npaTllTH rOBop TlijeJIa.

IIpHjeTfba

AKO TO He ypa,L(Hlll, OH,L(a ny ...

Tpe6aJIo je J],a TH

MopaJIHca.l:be,rrpH,L(l1Ka

IIpeJ],aBafbe

EBo 3alliTO HHCH y IIpaBY ...

BIDKHO je ,L(a 6y,L(Y rrpHcyTHH H H3pa3H eMnaTHje nonyT Haxa", "cxBaTaM", "pa3YMHjeM" HT,L\.

IIpeTilocTaBKe

YPa.L(HO CH TO 3aTO ...

HaJIa)!(efbe owoBopa

OHO lliTO 6HX ja YPa.L(IlO je ... bl1JIO 6H 60Jhe ,L(a Cl1 ...

HacTOjTe,L(a nOCTaBHTe ce6e Y !:berOB HJIH fbeH nOJIo)!(aj.

Ocyljl1Bafbe, OKpl1BJhaBafbe Pa,L(03HaJIOCT,l1Cl1l1TlIBafbe

HHCl1 Y npaBY. To je ,rtieTHFhacTo. 3alll'ro? Ka,L(a? KaKo?

"To MOpa,L(a je CTpalliHO, TelliKO 3a Te6e" II CJI.

lIHjarHocTHul1paFhe

Tl1 caMO nOKYlllaBalll npl1Bynl1na)!(fby.

IIoKalI(lfTe ,L(a CXBaTaTe

IIpeMa II. CTOjaKOBHn

(2002)

06pa.L(a H3 KFhHre: Tomas Gordon, Teacher Effectiveness Training IIO,L\cTaKHHTe ,L(aJbH Pa3BOj (oTBopeHa nHTafba) "PellH MHjolll.lIMa JIMjorn HelllTO lllTa 3Halll,L(a MH KIDKelll 0 TOMe?" fly tIe\1Y je TY 3a Te6e l1p06neM?" "Koje MorynHOCTl1 cy TlllIpeOCTaJIe?"

. KOpIIllITeHa JIHpeTapypa

.1:' IIpeMa Bonnie Miller, KaKO OCTBapHTl1 ycnjelllaH KOHTaKT ca Y'feHl111l1Ma, CapajeBo 2001. ro,L(.

A"wHl1lllBHJIH, lilA.,

(1999)

lllKOJIa )!(IlBOTa, 3aje,n:Hl111a yqIlTeJhCKHX

,L(pYlllTasa, beOrpa,L(.

(1999) ,n:H,L(aKTHKa, Y'fHTeJhCKII
:2.BHJIOTHje13Hn, M.,

. ::3.

fpyrra
.npbcBjeTe, baFha JIYKa. .4.KBalllqeB, P., (1977) MO,L(eJIIlpaFhe rrpoIJ,eca yqeFha, beOrpa,L(.

5.

KpHeTa, ,n:.,

(1995)

BaCIIIlTHO ,L(jeJIOBafbe y lllKOJIIl, HYb "II.Ko'Il1n" baFha

JIYKa.

100

101

6.

KOlla'! - IJ;epoBHn,

T.

H ,IJ,pym,

(1993) HrpOM,LIO CIT03Haje, Beorpa,IJ,.

7. CTojaKoBHh, II., IIcrrxoJIomja 3a HaCTaBHI1Ke Balba JIYKa, 2000. 8. CTojaKoBHn, II., (2000) KOrHl1THBHH CTl1JIOBH H CTHJIOBH y'lel-ba, 3aso,IJ, 3a yu6eHHKe, C. CapajeBo. 9. CTaHOjJIOBHh, C., (2002) 3HaTH KOM)'HI1l~HpaTH, 3aBO,IJ, 3a yl,I6eHHKe, C.

MapKO rajnn, IUKOJJCKH Ha,IJ,30pnuK

CapajeBo.

10. C)'3Hh, H., (1994) BaCITHTHH paLle y O,IJ,jeJbeHcKoj 3cJe,[(HHUH, bal-ba JIYKa. 11. naKoBHtl, II., ilnaHHpal-be H ITpHnpeMal-be 3a HaCTaBY (2004), 3aBO,IJ, 3a

EBAJIYAII:-MJA,Z:(Il,Z:(AKTlrqKE EUKACHOCTH qACA HHTEPAKTHBHE HACT ABE

yl,I6eHHKe, CpncKo CapajcBo.

12. MIurep, 5., (2001) KaKo OCTBapHTH ycrljelJlaH KOHTaKT ca y'leHHUHMa, CapajeBo. HaCTamIH rrpouec jc BCOMa cnmKen, cncllH
Ee llV0CJIOB3 H npoueca y LtienHHH. AKO H30CTaHC eB3rryarmj3, nojC,IJ,HHH llHjeJIOBH hc ry6HTH Ha KSarrl1Tery, 1l0hH lie llO CJIa6Jbelha, T.faK H l
qecTO ce MeDY rrpocBjenmM pa~HHL\HMa, rrpellCTaBHHUHMa rrpocBjcTHlIX BJI3CTH, y'leHHUHMa H PO):\HTCJblIMa nOCTan,'ba rrHTal-be: liTa je ee, CXBaTal-be, npHMjeHa, aHamI3a, CHHTe3a,. eBa1yar£l1ja) Ben H y BHllY cnoc06HOCTH, H3BHKa, CTaBosa H YBjepelha ..

102

103

I1H)],UKaropu rrpe'[(cTaBJbajy npaKTl1'-1HH onHC CTaH,lJ;ap,[(a, O)),HOCHO

3a YTBpljllBafbe HllBoa 3Hafba nocToje Pa3BujcHe YCMeHe II rrllCMCHe MeTo,n:OJIOnije H HHCTpYMeHTH, pa3He BpCTe Tec'roBa 3Hafba, KOHTpO.1HHX pa,n:oBa, rmCMeHHX BjejK6u H 3a,n:ana. 3a eBanyaUHjy Hcxo)),a ,n:eqJliHHCaHHX y BU,n:y crrOC06HOCTll, HaBllKa, CTaBOBa II YBjepefba MaIbe je CTaH,n:ap,n:H30BaHHX HHCTpYMCHaTa, O,n;HOCHO BPJIO plljeTKo ce KOPllCTe y HacTaBHoj npaKCYL I1naK nocToje HHCTpYMeHTli 3a Bpe,n;HOBalbe rroje,n;l1lillX aCneKaTa qaCOBa HHTepaKTllBHe HaCTaBe: cDflaH'[(epCOBe KaTeropuje 3a eBanyaUHjy HlnepaKUHje )"IeHHKa H HaCTaBHHKa Ha 'lacy, BWfxanOB MO,QeJI 3a yrspljHBafbe ,n;HMeH3llja COUl1jfulHo-eMOUHOHaime KTlHMe Haqacy, IlpoToKon nOHaIllafba 3a eBaJIyaUHjy cOUHjaJIHe 101HMe Ha '-lacy, CKana 3a CBaJlyaUHjy MucaOHe aKTllBHOCTH, rpynHllx

HaqllH Ha KO}H ce CTaH,n:ap,n; )),eMOHCTPHpa y , 03Ha'leHH 6poJcBHMa

~

npaKcH. I1H'[(HKaTOpH cy

L t, 1.2.; 2.2...

I I .

ilpuMjepu. ,Il,OK cy cTaH)),ap,n;H H HH)),HKaTopH

HeflpOl\.~eHJbHBH,

Tpetm:

HHBO, HHBO npHMjepa, npe)),cTaBJba nojaUIfbefbe HH,n;HKaTOpa Te YKa3yje Ha

TO KaKO ce HH,n;HKaTOp MO:JKe ,n;eMOHCTpHpaTH y npaKCH.

Y

TOM CMHCJIY

HaCTaBHHK MO:JKe HMaTH Ii HeKH Apym npIiMjep KojllM '[(OKa3yje ,[(a je

I peanH30Eao npaKcy Ae
npoueca II KBaJIHTCTa nOBpaTlle 11H
Y aHanIi3H CTaImap)),a, HH,lJ;llKaTOpa H npI1Mjepa )),a:rHX y OEOM HCTPYMeHTy, BIDKHO je yTBp,n:HTH ,[(a JIH pe
L YTBpljl1BafbY HHBoa OCTBapetba ,[(l1,[(aKTH'-lKOr WHba 'laca, HaCTaBHe je,D,lUmue Koja ce pcanH3yje Ha 'lacy,

Hac-raBe y Hawoj 3eMJbIi, ,n;a JIH cy peanHCTH'-IHH Ii npHXBaTJbIiBH y nocTojenHM YCJIOBIiMa, )),a J1H cy pa3YMJhI1BH, rrpell,H3HO
2. Ha'-lIIHY Boljelna ;:J,H,D,aKrIl'lKOr npoueca (lIaCTaBe) Kao rrpe,n;YCJIOBa 3a oCTBapefbe rrOCTaBJbeHOr llI1Jba.

MjepJbHBH y cBaKo)),HeBHoj npaKCH HaCTaBHHKa.

Y

3aBl1CHOCTH O,Q Tora ,Qa JIH ce mrrCpaKrHBHO Y'lefbe opraHIByje rro

CBaKI1 0,[( rmne,[(eHHX I1H)),HlGlTOpa H npl1Mjepa He Mory H He Mopajy 6IiTIi BH,n;JbHBH Y cnaKOM TpeHync)' HHTI1 PCaJlH30BaHl1 y nYHOM 0611MY.

Y

TOM

Mo,n:eJ1Y IU1)),l1yanH3HpaHe, np06JIeMCKe, er3eMflJ1apHe, rrporpaMHpaHe, cTBapa-

CMHCJIY HaCTaBHI1K Tpe6a )),a )J,OKYMeHTyje H npHKyl1Jba Pa3JIH'-lHTe MaTepHjane,

JIa'lKe HJIH HeKe ,Qpyre HaCTalle H HHcTpYMeHT 3a eBanyaUHjy 'Iaca ne 11111aT11

Te 6y,n:e y CTatbY ,n;a apryMeHT)'je Ii apTIlKYJIHllle o)),rOEope Ha nllTafba Be3aHa 3a

o,n;ronapajyne CrreL\H
CBOjy npaKCY.

3.

I1pHMjeHH o)),roBapajynHx MjepHHx HHcTpYMeHaTa (cKiwa, qeK-JIHCTa,

npOTOKOJIa HT)),,) KaKO ce He 6ll BpllIHJIa cy6jeKTHBHa npOlqeHa, O)),HOCHO jaBJbane rpellIKe "Xful0-e
I1PHJIHKOM npoLiielbllBafba Koje peanH3yje HaCTaBHHK IIJ1ll ,n;pyrn nOCMaT-

n'

. ce HH,n:HKaTOpH H TO Ha CJbe)),e OJ CKanH: pa'-l 6 . O)),VJY 1 - YBujeK (oBaj IiH,lJ;HKaTOp je npIicyraH Kao CaCTaBHIi ,n;IiO CBaKO)J:-

OBor nyra HaCTaBHHL\HMa rrperropyll)'jeMo qeK-nHClY 3a caMonpoLiieHY HaCTaBHHKa y peanI13aUIijH IiHTepaKTHBHC HaCTaBe, lIeK-JIHCTa rrpe,[(CTaBJba

HeBHHX aKTIiBHOCTIi Te npe,D,CTaBJba y06IiqajeH, PYTHHCKH nocTynaK; peruIH3yje ce pe,n;oBHo H y BenIiHH cJIY'-IajeBa)

a,n;anTIipaHH pa)),HIi MaTepIijan lJ,cHTpa 3a 06pa30EHe HlIHl(HjaTHBe Step by step,

2 - nOHeKaJ\ (oBaj llH,n:HKaTop je BH,[(JbHB H npHcYTaH anH caMO nOBpeMeHo Kao H3Y3eTaK I1JIH nOBpeMeHa aKTHBHoCT)

bHX.

3-

3aXTujeBa YHanpeljelhe nOTpe6Ha nOMon (onaj HH)),HKaTOp Hl1je

BI1)),JbI1B IIJ1H ce nojaBJbyje H3Y3eTHO pHjeTKo, O,n;HOCHO HaCTaBHHK HHje yn03YnYTCTBa 3a KopHillTelhe qeK-JIHCTe

HaT ca OBaKBOM npaKCOM. OBO YKa3yje ,ll,a je nOTpe6HO rrpy:JKHTH nOMon

ITo,n;aUH npHKyl1JbeHH QeK-J1HCTOM 3a caMorrpoLiieHY HaCTaBHIiKa y pefu'IH-

HaCTaBHHKY, O)),HOCHO )),a caM HaCTaBHllK Tpe6a nOTpaJKHTH pa3JIHQllTe pecypce H nOMon)

3allI1JIi IiHTepaKTHBHC HaCTaBe Mory HaCTaBHHKY rrOCJl)')KHTIi 3a npeHCflIfTHBafbe BJIaCTHTe npaKce, 3a H3pa)),y l1JlaHa HH)),HBH,n;ya;lHor ycaBplllaBafba H YHanpeljHBaIha BJlaCTI1TOr pa)),a, IJ:eK-JIHCTa ca))'p:JKH: . .. CTaH,lJ;ap,[(e, .. llH,lJ;IiKaTope H .. npHMjepe.

I1PHJJHKOM npottiefblfBaJ-ba BO,ll,lfTe paqyHa ,n:a ce 6o,ll,yje lffl,I(lfKinop Y LiieJIHHH H TO HaKOH aHaJIH3e npHMjepa. ,Il,OK KO)), 60,n;OBafba IJ:H)],llKaTopa'

1,2 HJII1 3, npHMjepe 06HJbe:JKaBa-re 3HaKOM YKOL\KHllH 0 0 He, OAHOCHO YKOJIHKO je npHMjep 3anaJKeH YHOCfiMO X y. Koi(Kliuy .,n:a,a.

iaOKpY:JKyjeTe CKOP ,[(a

YKOJIHKO HHje npHMHjeneH y KOll,KHllY nope)), pjequ:e He. Htf OQ}!OBy-npHcyrHOCTH HaBe,n:eHllX IIJ1H CJIWIHllX npHMjepa BHAJbHBllX- y

npaKCI:I~. ":: ,n;ajeMo

3aBpwHH CKOP nope,[( HH,[(HKaTopa. CraH)]'ap)lU npe'[(CTaBJiajy QrrmfIi HIiBO' KojHM ce olIHcyje BacnHTHa
104

3aBplllHU CKOp, npocjeqHY oLiieny, H3paQYHaBaTe'[(lljeJbeiheMcYMe yKynHllX CKopOBa C 6pojeM HH,lJ;HKaTOpa (27).

105

Ka~a 3aBplIUlTe 60~OBafhe 11 CTaBl1Te O,!lrOBapajytll1 CKOP nope~ CBaKOr I1H~I1KaTOpa, HarrpaBHTe aHaJlI13Y pe3YflTaTa Yl3):lBajajynl1 rroce6Ho OHe efle-

MeHTe KOjH 3axmjeBajy .rr(L'be YHanpYlje1)ellie. Pa3MHCJlHTe 0 TOMe KO BaM MO)l(e llOMOnl1 y TOM npou,ecy. 06panlTe ce MeHTOpy, KOflem 3a Kojer C:\faTpaTe ):(a Taj cerMeHT e
1. PEAJlJ13AL\HJA HACTABE H OPfAHH3AQHJA PAll:A HaCTaBHmdqa pCaJll13yjc HaCTaBHe aKTMBHOCTH KOPHCTCtll1 CC Pa3J1Hql1THM 06mU,(HMa, MeTo)IaMa H CTPaTemjaMa; oMorynaBa ,njeUH ,D,a 6y,D,y aKTHBHa y npouecy cnfuallia 3Hallia, Te CTCKgy BjeruTHHe pjeura13afha rrp06fleMa, pMa y THM)' H Pa3BHjy KPHTHqKO MHIlEbClbe.

1.1.HacTaBHI1Kiua llJIaHHpa 11 peafll13yje Pa3JlH'lHTe 06flHKe pa,D,a oMoryl1aBajytrH YsujeK ilOHeKaJl: ,njeUH ,D,a 3Hallia cmqy y HHTepaKUHjl1 ca O,D,paCflHMa, CBOjHM BpUIlliaUHMa 11 MaTepHjanl1Ma y Befll1Koj, MaimM rpynaMa HJIH HH,D,HBH;:'(yaJIHO. 1 2 3 HaCTaBHHKit'(a: a) Kopl1cTH pa,D, y BeJll1Koj rpyrrl1 Ka,D,a YBO,n:H HOBe 1l0jMoBe H ,I'(eMOHCTpHpa BjeUITHHe Te ,n:aje yrryTe 3a pea'Il13aUH,jy aKTI1BHOCTH l1J111 KopHUITefhe MaTepnjaJra H pecypca. 0 ,D,a 0 He 6)
O.n,a

He . r)
106

Oxpa6pyje capa,n:fhY, pa3MjeHY Ml1lI1Jbefha, )IHjeJhellia 11 pa3Bl1ja nIMCKH paLl. O):(a 0 He ,n:) ilOMa~e ,'ljeuH )Ia pa3YMujy UI1.1beBe H KpHTepHje npoujetbHBalba pa,D,a y rpyrrH KOJH ce o,n:Hoce KaKO Ha oCTBapeJ-he nOCTaBJbeHOr IJ.HJha TaKO H Ha Haql1H peaJll13aUHje nOCTaBJbeHOr 3a,n:aTKa (npot'(ec). [],n:a [J He 1) CTapa ce 0 TOMe ,D,a y rpyrraMa nocTojl1 paBHOTe:lKa y O,n:HOCY Ha nOJI, KynTYPY, cnOC06HOCTl1 n COl~HoeKOHOMCKI1 cTaryc yqeHHKa. C.n,a D He e) ilOJl:Y'1aBa ,njeuy BjeruTHHaMa pMa y rpynH, nO,D,CTH'lC Y3ajaMl-ry nOMol1l1 yBIDI<3Balhe, Te oMorynaBajy ,n:a J-ueua HMajy pa3fll1'lHTe Yflore y rpynH. [J ,D,a [J He

1.2. HaCTaBHI1Kit'(a KOPHCTH CBaKO BpH2 3 JeMe Kao BpHjeMe 3a Yl.J.elbe ocurypaB31 jynH Lla cy eRa ,njen3 aKTHBH3 If 1(0MnCTeJITHa. HaCTaBfmKiua: a) CBO)I11 Ha MHHHMyM Bpl1jeMe Ka,D,a He LlP:lK11 HaCTaBY llOQl1lliYUl111 3aBplIlaBajynH PM Ha BpHjeMe, cTapajyl1l1 ce ~a npeJIa311 ca aKTI1BHOCTI1 Ha aKTI1BHOCT KpaTKo Tpajy, Te Lla pa3.J'Il1'IHTa OMeTaH,a H npenpeKe CBe,D,e Ha MHHHMyM. [J ,n:a [J He

I

I

I

6) Y cnOCTaBJha pynme KO,n: l1J1aJIHpalha H peaJll13aUHje aKTI1BHOCTI1 (rrO,D,jefla y rpyne, Y3HMaJ-he MaTepnjaJla, HaQHH npe3eHTHpallia, nOCTaBJhaJ-he nHTallia) U rrOM3)!(e ,njeUI1 ,n:a HX YCBoje U caMOCTanHO npuMjelliyjy D ,D,a [J He B) ,1J;aH OTnOqUllie 3aje,n:Hl1'IKI1M caCTaHKOM Ha 1(0jeM, I13Me1)y OCTaJIOr, yrro3Haje ,njeuy C .n,HeBHHM nflaHOM aKTHBHOCTH, UHJhCBHMa H OqeKHBalliHMa KaKO 6H ce ,D,jeua ocjel1aJla KOMllCTeHTHO 11 6l1na UITO caMOCTaJ1Imja. D,n:a D He r) ilOCTaBJba H o.n,p)!(aBa )!(I1BH TeMno HaCTaBe y CKJla,D,y C TeMllOM yqellia. HOBO rpa,D,HBO rrpeACTaBJha Y KpaTKHM, MI1HH:JleKr~HjaMa, ,D,eMoHcTpl1pa HOBe BjelIlTI1He, )IajYIlI1 fIaKOH Tora Bpl1jeMe YQeHI1UHMa 3a npouecHpafhe 11 Pa3MI1IllJhaIhe, car.:oc:r~lJIHe I1flH rpyrme nOKyumje H Bje)!(6aJ-ha. D,D,a 0 He ,D,) KMa PMHC noje.nHIIUHM311J111 MalliHM rpynaMa o,n:p)!(aBa na)KH,y OCTaTKa pa3peJ(a, Te nO~I10TPe6I1fIJ1aHll:papa3flHLIl1Te aKTI1BHOCTI1 KaKO 611 CBI1 yqeHHUI1 I1MaJlH 3My)!(eiha. [J,n:a D He

I)) Kpel1ece~rro pa3pe,D,yy YOKY HH,lII1BH,D,YaJlHOr HflH pa.n,a y rpyrraMa, cTapajyUI1 ce j:(a Y'IeIJHl\11 pa,n:e 33j(aTKe npeMa ,n:orOBOpy 11 nOMIDI(yrm HM aKO je rrOTPe6HO. .D)J,a 0 He

107

e) HaCTaBHe aKTHBHOCTIi BO)),11 TaKO ,ll,a HMCY HM npeBHllle JIaRe HIIT11

eMnan~jy. Y CJIytIajeBHMa qm3H'IKe arpecHje WIH BpHjeljalba, pearyje O,ll,MaX

npeTelllKe 3a BenliHY yqefU'lKa, npliJIaroljaBajynH !IX HH,ll,HBH,ll,yam-lHM nOTpe-

H 6eCKOMnpOMHCHO, nO,ll,cjenajynM Jtieuy ,ll,a je TO HenpHXB TJbHBO nOHalllalhe H nOMIDKynH HM ,ll,a npOHal)y aJITCpHaTHBHa pjclllelha.

6aMa 11 110Tpe6aMa OHHX KojH Haj6p)lce WWIH HajcnopHje y'le. TIo nOTpe6H ,ll,HjeJIH J]jeuy y rpyne KaKO 611 npHJlarO,ll,HO aKTHBHOCTH 11 ca,ll,p)l(aje Pa3JIIIqHTHM MorYllHocTHMa J]jeI.\e. D))'a

0

He

[],ll,a [] He ,ll,) Ka,ll,a nO,ll,Y3MMa O,ll,pcljeHe BaCflHTaHe nocTynKe, YCMjepaBa e Ha HenpHMjepeHo nOHarualhe yqeHMKa a He Ha lhHX Kao JIHqHOCTH. KopH TH qBPCT aJIH

)I() nO)),CTH'IC H oMorynaBa yqCHHI.\HMa ,ll,a o))'pe)J,e H npaTe BJIaCTHTH TCMno

MHpaH TOH H ,ll,aje lllaHCY J]jeTery ,ll,a npoMHjeHH nOHalllalhe.

pa,ll,a. WlaHHpa HaCTaBY TaKO .n:a OMOryli.H .n:OBOThHO BpeMeHa OHUMa KOjH pa)),c cricipHje, O,ll,HOCHO MorynHocT npeJIaCKa Ha HOBe I11IH CJIO)l(CHHje aKT11B-

lj) 06aBJha BenHHY BacnHTHHX nocryrraKa y pa3pe,ll,y a Ha My HHMYM CBO,ll,H

HOCTH OHHMa KOjlI cy 3a,L(araK 06aBllJIlI 3a KpanH BpeMeHcKH nepHOJ\.

ynyn11Balhe ne,ll,amry I1JIH ,ll,lIpeKTOpy.

[],ll,a [] He

D))'a [] He

[],ll,a

0

He

3) Pa,ll,H HH,ll,HBH,ll,yaJIHO HJIH Y M,UbHM rpynaMa ca YlfeHHl.\HMa KOjH HMajy nOTelUKone y ytlelhY, nO,ll,ylfaBajytm HX YMHjenHMa JJje;10TBopHHjer yqefba, YBje)l(6aBatba, naMnefba, HT,ll,.

o ,ll,a [] He

1.4. HacTaBHHIclI.\a MOTHBHllle H YCMjepaBa YtjCHIfKC Ha pa,ll, npHnpcMajyllIf nplIMjepeHe aKTlIBHOCTH yowaljeHe ca

H) 3a,ll,aje KpaTKy H CBPCHCXO,ll,HY ))'OMany 3a,ll,any Y CKHa)l,Y C MorynllocTHMa J]jeTCTa 113 OHHX HaCTaBHHX 06JIaCfli Koje jc )J,l1jeTe y CTafbY CaMOCTaJIHO

HHTepeCOBalhHMa H nOTpc6aMa yqeHHKa. OMorynaBa CBaKOM J]jeTery ,ll,a yqH

pCaJI1l30BaTH. AHaJUI3Hpa C iljCI.\OM .n:OMany 3a/lany KaKO 611 ymplJ,IIO/JIa norpc6e H nocTaBHo/JIa ,ll,aJhC I.\HJheBe 3a yqefbe.

H ,ll,a cc ocjena KOMnCTeHTHO 6e3 063H-

D,ll,a

0

He

1

2

3

pa Ha CTcneH pa3Boja H npeTXO,ll,Ha HCKYCTBa. HaCTaBHHKlI.\a:

1.3. HacTaBmnclI.\a ycnoCTaBJha jacHa npaBHJIa nOHalUafba y pa3pe,ll,y H npH-

a) MO,ll,enyje If rrpeHocH eHry3Hja3aM 3a yqefbe. OTKpHBa H friH 3aje,ll,HO C

1

2

3

ilJeI.\OM.

MHiefbyiy HX npaBe,ll,HO H ,ll,OCJbe)),HO.

D,ll,a

0

He

HacTaBHI1K1ua:

6) nOMIDKe yqeHHI.\HMa ,ll,a ce npHnpeMe 3a yqelhe cTapaJyllH Ice 0 TOMe ,ll,a

a) YqeHI1Ke II pO,ll,HTeJhe npaBOBpeMeHO (no MorynHOCTI1 H y nHcaHoj ¢opMH) yn03Haje ca YCBojeHHM npaBHJlHMa H KOAeKCOM TIOHalllafba y pa3pe,ll,y II

Y'IeHHl.\H YHanpHje,ll, 3Hajy llITa ce O,ll, fbHX OqeKyje H llITa je TeM!a pa,ll,a. [],ll,a [] He

I.\HjeJIoj IIIKOJIH, nojalUfbana ):(MCI.\I1TIJIHHCKe rrOCtynKe, Te jacHo YKa3yje Ha

B) npHnpeMa Pa3HOJIHKe pecypce, MaTepHjane H aKTHBHOCTH Koje npHBJIaqe

nOCJhe,ll,HI.\e HenpHXBarJhHBOr nOHaIIIafba. npaBHIla cy nOCTaBJheHa y a¢l1p-

rrIDIGbY yqeHHKa. CTapa ce ,ll,a MaTepHjana I1Ma ,ll,OBOJbHO H ,ll,a cy ):(ocryTIHI1

ManlBHoj ¢OPMH (ytjeHHI.\H OBe WKOJle pa,ll,e, OTIXO)J,e ce, 6PHHY ... )

CBaKOM ytjeHHKY

O,ll,a 0 He 6) 3aje,ll,HO C J]jeI.\OM ycnoCTaSJha 3aje,ll,Hl1qKa npaBHJIa 3a paA y yqHOHHUH.

r) OMorynaBa ,ll,jeI.\H ,ll,a CTeKHY ,ll,HpeKTHa HCKYCTsa opraHH3yjytm nocjeTe,

D,ll,a [] He

nOMIDKe J]jeUH )),a yBH,ll,e 3Hatjaj OBHX npaBlIJIa, pa3YMI-UY H npHXBaTe O,ll,rOBOpHoCT 3a cBoje nOHawafbe. TIpaBHJIa ¢OpMyJ1HWY a¢HpMaTHBHo (MH neMo ... a He HeheMO, He cMHjeMo, 3a6paIheHo je ... ). ITo rroTpe6H npaBlma ce

¢OKYCHpaHe l13JIeTe, nOCMaTpafbe CTBapHHX npe,ll,MeTa H nojasa HJlH fbIIXOBHX CHMYJIaI.\Hja, ,ll,oBo,ll,ehH mCTC H BOJIOHTepe y yqUOHHUH H CJI.

MHjefbaJy HJIH Ha,ll,OnYfbyjy npaTefiH pCanHOCT)l(HBOTa y Y'IHOHlIlIH H lUKOJIl1

,ll,) YKa3yje Ha nOBC3HOCT HOBOI' rpa,ll,HBa C npeTXO,ll,HHM, cKpenynnn
O,ll,a 0 He B) fLIaHCKH H KOHTHtIYIIP~HO no))'yqaBa IJ jaLIa n03HTHBHO, npOCOI.\HjanHo nOHalllafbe H YMHjeha, yKJhyiJ:yjynw yimjena caMOKOHTpOJIe. CBaKH CBoj

KJhyqHe nojMoBc HJlH paHHje CTCqCHC BjelllTluc.

nocrynaK nojarufbaBa H BO,ll,H Pa3roBQI{C J]jel.\OM ?.l\Max HaKOH ce HelUTO ,ll,OrO,ll,H anH H y ,ll,pyrrrM, CBaKQ,ll,HejmH~1cHryaUHjaMa.

rpa,ll,HBa nOBe3yjynH ra ca CTBapHMa Koje cy 3HatjajHe 3a Y'IeHIl'ke H MMajy

~-

- -

-.

.

.-

.

OMD~ r) IToAyqaBa Jtieuy BjeIIITHHar.m. pa3pjewaBalhaKoHCIJJIHKTa, nOMIDKe HM ,ll,a

[],ll,aOH~

~)

nO,ll,CTH'Ie HHTepeCOBalha H 3HaTIl)l(eJ'vY yqeHHKa

y- norJIe,ll,y~.ca,ll,p)l{aja:

Be3e C lhHXOBHM )l(HBOTOM. YBa')l(aBa npeTXO,ll,Ha 3Hafba l1 HCKyCJSa yqeHHKa Kao H IbHXOBa HHTepeCOBafba H rpa,ll,1I pall. Ha TOMe: D,ll,a [] He

KopHcTe 'ja rOBOp", apTHKYJIHlUY cBoJaocjena!ha H rroTpe6e Ii Pa3BHjy

108

109

11.5. HacTaBHHKiua KOPHCTH pa3J1llLIl1Te I

cTpaTemje KaKO 6H yqeHHUHMa nOMOrao/Jla ,n:a H3pa,n:e YMlijene KPHTWiKor 11 KpcaTHSHor MHIUJLen,a.

I

2

.rrjeTeTa KaKO 611 oMorynHo/JJa ,n:a CEaRO ,n:l1jcTc yqH 11 Hal1pc,n:YJc l1pCMa COl1CTSCHHM MorynHocTHMa.

3

HacT3BHHqH: a) Y OKSHPY H3CTase yqeHHUHMa oMorynyje ,I(a cTelmy sjeIUTHHc yqCH,a Kao UITO cy HHTcpnpCTaW1.ja, aHaJUf3a, Bol)elhC 3a6HJbelllKH, npaBlbelhC Mana YMa, KopHIIITelhC mraHepa y pa,n:y H ClL 6) TIo,n:YLJaBa cYpaTemjaMa pjelllasalha np06neMa, ,n:OHOIUeTha o,n:JlYKa, cKcrrepHMCHTHCafba H HCTpaJKHSalha, rrOCTaBJMTha Xl1nOTe3a H oMorynaBa .rrjeU:H ,n:a pe,n:oBHo Bje)!{6ajy H npHMjcfbyjy OBe BjcmTfmC 11 cnoco6HOCTI1. B) TIocTaSJLa OTsopeHa, rrp06JleMCKa II ,2.(pyra I1HTalha BInner peL\a (mlT3lha Koja 3aXTI1jesajy rrpIIMjeH)', aHaJIH3Y, CHHTe3Y, cSMyaUlIjy ... ) II yqeHIIUHMa IIpY)lm ,I(OSOJbHO spCMCHa L\a o,n:rOBope. K16jcraBa 3aTBopCHa ITHTalha (Koja HMajy caMO je,n:aH HCIIpaBaH o,n:rosop). r) IlrraHHpa aKTI1SHOCTH Koje KO,n: .rrjCUC pa3SHjajy crroc06HOCTH npOMHIIlJbalha Kao IIITO cy Bcp6aJIHe aHanorHjc, JIOrWIHO PC30HosalhC, 3aKJb)"Il1BalhC (HHl\YKUHja/,I(e,n:yKl(Hja), cJla60papaThe H HIclTcrpaUHja. ,n:) Oxpa6pyjc .rrjeuy ,n:a 6C3 cTpaxa I1CYp3)!{yjy H eKcrrcpl1MeHTHlllY C HOBHM H,n:ejaMa H rrpHcryrrHMa, KopHcTenH rpelllKe Kao OCHOSY 3a ,n:aJLC yqCfhC.

D,2.(a

0 HC

D,n:a

0 He

D,n:a

o L\a 0 HC o L\a 0 HC D,n:a

0 HC

HaCTaBHHKiu:a rrJIaHflpa, pcaJIH3yjc H cSaJI)'Hpa C¢CKTC pa,n:a YLlcHHKa ysa)!{aBajynH OCHOBHH IIPHHUHII HHL\HBHL\yaJIH3al1Hjc, O,n:HOCHO HMajynH y BH,n:y ,n:a cy CBa .ll,jcua oco6cHe H jC,n:HHCTBCHC JIl1'IHOCHr.

1.

:2

3·

HaCTaBHHKiI~a:

a) IT03Imjc H pe,n:OBHO rrpaTH 11 ,n:oKYMeHryje Pa3JIlf'IHTe KapaKTCpHCTI1KC. yqcHHKa (cTcrrcH pa3soja, CTHJlOBH yqCfha, TeMl1epaMCHT, CKJlOHOCTH,HHT'C" . . pecosafha, rrpeTxo,n:Ha HCKYCTsa H 3Hafhe, ... ) D,n:a 0 HC 6) IlrraHHpa, o,n:pel)yjc H KOPI1CTI1 cYpaTemjc 3a yqClhC H MaTcpHjanc KojH o'[(rosapajy Pa3JlWII1THM CTHJIOBHMa yqClha 11 .!1pyrnM KapaKTcpHcTHKaivla

110

0

He

I

2.2. HaCTaBHI1Kiua YTWIC Ha HCKa31111aIhe rrOIUTOBaIba H Pa3Bl1jafbc cJ\maTl1je MCDY y t 1CHHL\HMa pa3JlWH1THX COIUlO-CKO1 2 3 I HOMCKI1X 11 Kyn ! OJTOIlIKHX OK ')l{elha. ~ HaCTasHHKiua: a) Y CSOM pa,L\y rrpY)J(ajCL\HaKC MorynHOCTI1 3a yqefLe H CTHUaIf>C 3Hafba CBOj .rrjcUH 6C3 063l1pa Ha rropHjCKJlO H rrpHTIaL\HOCT COUHO-CKOHOMCKI1M rr KYJ1ryPOJlOlllKHM rpyrraMa. D,L\a 0 He 6) HCKa3yjC D03HTl1SaH O,[(HOC rrpCMa ytICHHul1Ma 113 Pa3JIHqI1THX rpyrra nocryrrajytlH rrpC1>1a CllHM ytICHHUI1Ma je,n:HaKO II YKa3yjYUI1 ,L\a o,n: CBI1X I1Majy

I I

2.HH,[(HBHWAflH3AIJ;I1JA

2.1. ITPHJIHKOM rrJlaImpafha H PC3.J1H3auHje HaCTaBHHX ca,n:p)J(aja Y3HMa y 063HP pa3JIWlHTC HH,n:HBH,n:YaJIHe KapaKTePHCTHKC csaKor ,njcTcTa

B) ITpHrrpcMa 3a,[(aTKe H aJITHBHOCTH pa301HLJHTC TC)KHHC TC nJIaHI1pa pCaJIH3aUHjy HCTHX U!1JbCSa Ha pa3J1HtIITTC HUtiHHC (MCL\l1jC - rrHcafhC, MOL\CJ10 BalhC, CKl1uHpafhC) KaKO 6H yqCfbC IIITO 60n,e a,2.(UITTHpaO/ola CllaKOM yLJCHHKy. D,u:a 0 He r) HacTOjH J(a, Ha pa3JUrlJ.HTC HatfHHC, yKlb)"irr CBY Lticuy y npouec yqCl-ba rrpoljjCJf>yjynl1 DOCTl1rHyua rrpCMa MjCPHJ1I1MU rrpl1J1arol)cI1l1M CBaKOM ,n:jcTCTy. nOMa/KC .ll,jCUI1 ,n:a rrOCTaBC COrrCTBCHe uIL"LeSC 3a yqClbC HC rropc,n:cnl1 HXjC,n:HC C ,n:pyrHM.

rro.rrjc,n:HaKO BHCOKa OQCKHllalha. 0 ,n:a 0 HC S) Ibarll1pa 11 pe;uIInyje 06pa30SHe aKTl1SHOCTI1 KOjC rrpOMOSI111IY 11 rro,n:CTHqy MYJ1TI1KYJlrypanHOCT. H36jerasa rrpaKCY, 113pa3C H rrocryIIKc KOjl1 Mory 6HTI11I1TCTHI1. 0 ,Ua 0 He r) npOSO,n:H a[(THSHOCTI1 3a yqefhC OCMHIIIJLCHC TaKo,n:a YMafbC npe,n:pacy,n:c H 110scnajy cMrraTHjy MCl)y .rrjCUOM Pa3JIl1LJHTOr TIopHjCKJIa, KyJlrype, pacc, rrOJTa, COUHOC](OHOMCKor cTaTyca, UaUI10H3.J1HC, pCJTHrHjcKc 11 ,n:pyrc rrpl1na,n:HOCTH. OSO rro,n:pa3YMHjcsa KOpl1IUTefhC pa3J1l1 t IITTHX MCL\Hja H aKTHSHOCTH y KojHMa CC YKa3yjc Ha Hcrrpallc,n:HOCT npc,n:pacy,n:a H y n03HTHBHOM CBjCTJIY DPI1Ka3yjy pa3J1HtIl1TC COL\HjanHe H L\pyrc rpyrrauHjc. D,n:a 0 He ,n:) ITo,'(Y'Iasa cDoco6HOCTH KPHTwIKor MHHVbefha y O,n:HOCY Ha KyJIrypOJlOIUKa rrHTafha, Ha rrpHMjcp, oMorynyjy YLJCHHL(I1Ma ,I(a CXBaTC L\a cc rrpc,n:pacy,L\c H CTCPCOTl1ITHjC 3acHHBajy Ha rrorpelllHoM PC30HHpafhY H 3aKJbyqU:I1Ma [(ao UITO je rrpeTjepaHo yorrllITasafhc. D,n:a 0 HC yqCHHKa rrocrynajynH ca fhHMa rrpy)!{ajynH HM l1PHJlI1KC ,I(a ycrrjclllHo OSJ1a-

1) ):(onpHHOCI1 Pa3BOjy caMorroY3,[(afha caYSaJKaSafbCM 11 TOnJIHHOM L\ajy rpa,UHsoM.

If

KOL\

111

3. I1HTEPAKlU1JE HACTABHHK - YIffiHHK HacTaBHliKlL\a YBIDKaBa li rrounyje J1l14He li KapaKTeplicTliKe CBaKor ,rtieTeTa H onXOJm ce npeMa lhllMa Ha Ha4liH KOjH pe
3.1.HacTaBlmKlL\a rrOCTaBJba llH,liHBli.JJ:yanHa BHCOKa OqeKHBalha y norne,ny Hanpe.n:OBalha CBllX ytWHllKa

1

3

2 1

HaCTaBHHKlL\a. a) TIocTaBJha BliCOK CTaH.n:ap}:(e 3a yqelhe y CKJ1a.n:y ca liH.n:HBH,nVaJIHHM pa3BojeM Ii MorynHocTHMa CBaKor yqeHHKa OqeKyjynH ,na CBa~O .n:HjeTe rrOCTl:!rHe conCTBeHIi l\1aKCilMYM. CTapa ce 0 TOMe .n:a CTaH.n:ap.n:H 6y,ny H no,nCTlu.\ajHli H .n:OCTmKHl:! (30Ha rrpemOCTaBJheHOr pa3Boja).

D.n:a 0 He B) )]jeLlY OCJIOBJhaBa UMeHOM, KOPHCTII Jhy6a3aH li npujaTeJhCKH TDH. O.n:a 0 He r) TIoKa3yje HHTepeCOBathe 3a CBaKor yqeHHKa nOCMa'rpajynu ra Kao rgeJIOBHry JIH4HOCT li nOlllryjynII theroB liH)J.llBli.I\YaJIllTeT H npllBaTIIOCT D.n:a 0 He ):() C yqeHIIUllMa pa3Mjethyje ):(oraljaje II 36liBatha li3 BJIaCTHTOr liCKYCTBa KaKO 6H li3rpa)J,Ho/JIa ,n06pe O):(Hoce u pa3BHoiJIa Y3ajaMHO nOBjepcIDe II C.n:a 0 He

D.n:a 0 He 6) I~e npeJla311 Ha BHlllH HI1BO il p3JLe rpa}.lIiBo .n:OK cnH yqeHHL\H, mY3liMaJytll1 aKO je nOTpe6HO OHe C IlOTClllKonaMa y Pa3BOjy, He YCBoje MHHHMYM nOTpeGHor 3Haaa u/WlB: BjelllTlma, O.n:HOCHO .n:ol)y .n:o pa3YMlijeBaIbe o.n:pcljeHor KOHl.\elITa. D.n:a 0 He B) TIpy)!(a .n:OBOJhHO npeMCHa, yrryra Ii no.n:CTliL\aja Heonxo.n:I-IliX 3a rrOMon yqcHliL\liMa C HIDKliM HliBOOM cnocoGHOCTli ,na cBoje 3Hathe nOKIDKY Ha npliXBaTJhHBOM HliBOy. To rro,Upa3YMMjeBa .n:a HM .n:ajy MaTepMjaJI 3a yqelhe no.rrje.n:HaKo 3aHHMJhHB H pa3HonHK Kao li oHaj npHnpeMJheH 3a OCTane yqeHHKe, li C thHMa ce onxo.n:H C TonnHHOM H naJKH:,OM. O.n:a [J He r) TIpan! BJIaCTHTa YBjepeaa II nOHalllalhe KaKO 6H oCHrypao .n:a cy BHCOKHM O'IeKHBalhHMa 06YXBaneHH CBH Y4eHHL\H, 6e3 063Hpa Ha nOJI, COL\HoeKoHOMCKH CTa1YC llJIll ,Upyre JIl1'me KapaKTepHCTHKe. HaCTaBHHKi L\a m6jeraBa HenOY3.n:aHe l!3BOpC rro.n:aTaKa 0 nOTeHL\HjaJIY yqeHHKa 3a yqethe Kao lllTO cy rrpe.n:pacy,Ue ,Upynrx HaCTaBHHKa, CTepeOTHnMje HJlH "xano e
0 He

D)J,a

0 He

3.2. HacTaBHHKlL\a ce npeMa yqeHHL\HMa onXO):(H npHjaTeJhCKII H 6pIDKHO.

lifITepaKL\IIje H Y pa3pe):(y H BaH thera. 0 ):(a 0 He 6) TIIDKJhHBO CJIYllIa CBaKO )],IIjeTe, o.n:p)KaBa KOHTaKT nornc.n:OM cnyllITajynH ce Y BHCliHH ,rtieqIIjux 04Hjy, oCMjexyje ce II nOTBpljyje KJIHMatheM.

4. JJ:JE~ C TIOCEEHHM TIOTPEEAMA I1 rrOTEllIKOliAMA Y PA3BOJY HacTaBHllKlL\a OpraHl13yje pa)J, y yqliOHHI:(li TaKO ):(a II .rrjCUa C noce6HHM nOTpe6aMa H rroTelliKonaMa Y Pa3BOjy, Y capa,nthH ca OCTaJIOM .rrjeuoM, Harrpe.n:yjy II ,nO)lGIBe ycnjex, pa):(erm Ha thHXOBHM CHaraMa pa):(Hje Hero Ha cJIa60CTHMa. Ko)], CBe .rrjeue H rropo):(HL\a pa3BHja cMrraTHjy li ocjenaj 3a cOUHjanHY npaB!J.Y 60penu ce npOTHB npe.n:pacy,na H CTepeOTHIIHja CBaKe ~CTe.

4.l.YqeHHl.\HMa C noce6HHM n01pe6aMa HaCl'aBHllK lua OMO3 2 rynyje .ll.O.ll.aTHO BpHjeMe H .n:OnyHCKY nOMon KaKO 6ll noc- I TllmH ycnjex. HaCTaBHHKlua: a) TIIDKJhUBO npam ,rtieLIY H H)J.eHTHa npliopliTeTHHX 3a.ll.aTaKa, OCJIathajynH ce Ha CHare '- yqe&a H rrpHJlaroljaBajynH c-rpaTcmjy cnocoGHOCTHMa, CTHJlOBHMa yqetha H KapaKTepHCTHKaMa; yKJhyqyje .n:pyry ,rtieuy li o.n:paCJIC (HaCTaBHHKC, . po.r(1lTe.ffie, BOJIOHTepe ...) Y oBaj npouec C)J,a 0 He

.i!PYrHM

!

1

2

I3

HaCTaBHHKlL\a. a) 06paha na)Kfhy Ha uHTepecoBaaa yqeHUKa,np06JIeMC H cOIuljaJIHe 112

113

4.2. HacT3BHHKlI\a nOTITOM3)Ke npIillarol]aBafha )"leHHKa ca rroce6HI1M nOTpe6aMa II nOTeIIIKOnaMa Y pa:3Bojy y nOfJIe~ fhHXOBor COI\Hjarmor CT~!yca IT CTHIJ;afh3 3Hafha. • HaCTaBHHmr:

1

I

2

3

JiIc~asyje TOlIJIHHy H nO,I(pIIIK)' )"lemmHMa c noce6Hl1M nOTpe6aMa,

a)

i::

llJe nOpe,I(enH H>r:xOBO 3HaH>e C fhHXOBHM rrpeTXO,I(HHM nOCTHrHyMa, Hero ynopel]YJynH llX C ,n:pyrliM )"leHr1I\HMa. Y Bul]ajy H HCTHT.J.y CHare IT crrOC06HOCTH CBaKor .rtieTeTa nOMil)[
0 xaovrC33 ~ .

0 ITa 0 He

' '""' . P P.J) P ,n:H» H 110,n:CTHT.J.y aKTHBHOCTH KoonepaTUBHor )"lefha yCJ\ljepermx K3 rrpy)/(aH>y rrOMonH .rtieqH C rrOTeIIIKoiiaMa y pasBOjy o.n: CTpaHe fhllXOBHX BpUlH,aKa.

)p

"

;]

.

~

LJ.n:a U He B a3BHJaJY eMrraTHJY KO.n: )"feHr1Ka (H po.n:HTeJba) opraHu3yjynu Pa3J1H'U1Te aKTHBHOCTH Kao IllTO cy urpe )'iIO . . . J ra, .n:paMaTlf3aqHja, IIpH'Ialf,e IIPWIa, pa3JIWmTe. eMrraTlf'IHe .BJe)J{6e, .n:e6aTa, ,I(Hja'10r II CJI., II TO 6e3 o63Hpa ,n:a JIH y o,rueJ:&eH>V HM
~IT

DMD~

. OMa)l{J po,n:llTLeJbHMa .n:a Pa3BUjy e
)0

. D,I(a 0 He ,I( xpa PYJY p07111TeJ},e .rtieqe C IIOTemKonaMa y Pa3Bojy .lla ce pe,I(OBHO yKJb)"le y aKTHBHOCTH Y pa3pelnT . "'.1 H IIIKOJIH Te IIPUCYCTBYJY HaCTaBH Ha IUIaHcKU H e
. nJ 0 .n:a 0 He PY)KaJY H;r~ 06e36jel]yjy .lla CBH pO,IiHTeJbH ,Ii06ujy CTpYtIHa 06jaIIIfhe.fha, OJJ:rOBapaJY Ha ~Ba peJIeBaHTRa IIHTafha, oxpa6py'jynH OTBopeH ,I(HJaiIOr H rp a71enll Y3aJaMHO nOBjepefhe II IIOIIITOBafhe.

1)) IT

e) KOHCYmv' C . • 0 ,Il,a .JY rpyqH>aKe U, Y ,I(orOBOpy C pO,ll,IITeJbIIMa, yKJbynryjy HX Y CBe) rrpoqece ~rrJ1aHl1pafhe, nponjeHa, npanefhe, nOCTaBJI,afhe qHJbeBa H CJ1 KaJia rO,IiJe TO Moryhe.

0 He

5. ITPAnEH>E, OnJEF&l1BAH>E Ii ,n:OKYMEHTOBAH>E HacTaBHHKiqa KOPHCTH Pa3JIH . Me . . qHTe MeTO,Iie KOJHMa npaTH, onjefhyje U ,Ii0K)'HTyJe Harrpe,n:oBafhe CBe ,rueqe KopucrenH oBaj npoqec KaKO 6u II060JI,IIIai JIH npOl\ec yqeH>a If rr0,IiytIaBafha.

I

5.1. HaCTaBHHKlua npaTu H ,IiOKYMeHTyje Pa3Boj H Hanpe,IioBaI-he Y'IeHHKa.

I

1

I

2

I

3

HaCTaBHHKiqa: a) Pe,ll,OBHTO npaTH H Ha pa1J1UqHTe HatIHHe .n:OKYI\1eHTyje CPOpMaiIHO H He
5.2. OnjefhHBafhe H npanefhe KOPHCT11 KaKO 611 rrOTnOMorao 11 YHarrp11jc,Iiuo/Jla npoqec no.n:yq:aBafha U )"lefha 11 rrOMorao ynreHUKY ,Iia nOCTaHe O.l\rOBOpaH 3a corrCTBeHO yrrefhe.

1

2

..,

.)

6y~ CaMOCTaJIH11 y rrpoqecy )"lefha 11 O,IirOBOpHH 3a nOCT11rHyre pe3YJITaTe. YKasyje liM Ha MorynHOCT11 YHarrpefjefha, rrOMa2Ke UM .na rrOCTaBe qI1JbeBe 11 OtIeKHBafha Te yBli,Iie Moryne

1)) O,Ii )"leH11Ka Tpa2K11 11 oMoryllaB3 11M ,Iia

nOCJbe,Ii11qe He,IiOBOJI,HOr aHra2KOBafha.

D ,Iia D He

e) IT03Haje pasHOJIHKe MeTO,Iie OLljCfhI1BaIba, Kpeupa, ol(a6npa, rrpnJ1aroljaBa H KOPHCTII Pa3JIUqHTe crpaTenue 3a onjefhHBafhe KaKO 6H npIIKYl1llOiJra .LlOBOJbHO IIH
114

115

Ii) Y orljeIhIiBaIhY BO.l\If pa'I)'Ha 0 CTerreHY pa3YMHjeBaIha OCHOBHllX KOHIJ;erraTa KO,L( yqeHllKa H Y CMaJ1Y C rrOCTaBJheHHM 3a.l\aTKOM a He caHlCIJ,110H11IIIe YCIJYTHe rpelliKe. YBHjeK 'IpIDKll BllIDe Ii .l\aje IIIancy 3a YHarrpel)eIhe. O.l\a 5.3.HacTaBHIIKIIJ,a rrpy)!(a jaCHY H CBPCHCXO.l\HY rrOBpaTHY HHCpOpMall,Hjy Y'IeHIiQHMa Kao H no.L\pIIIKY Y rrorne.l\Y IhllXOBor nanpe.L\OBaIha y yqeIhy. HaCTaBHHKiIJ,a.

1

2

0

He

3

a) O,L(Max np)0Ka jacHY YCMeHY I1JlH rrHcMeHY nOBpaTHY llHICe ).la Pa3YMHjy CBOj pa.L\,YHanpl1je,L(e ra Ii IicrrpaBe rrorpelliKe. IiHcHcTHpa ).la J1l1jeTe Y CBaKI1 pa.L\ YJJQ)KH corrCTBeHH MaKcHMYM H BO,L(H ra y TOM rrpoIJ,ecy.

LJ .L\a;:::; He 6) I1oXBaJhyje, oxpa6pyje ImIi na .L\pym Haq11H npY)Ka nO,L(pIIIKY yqenllUHMa Y o,L(nocy Ha IhllXOBO H~rrpe!.lOBaIhe; l136jeraBa H3pHIJ,aTH He3aCJly)!(ene rum Ha~YMllqHe rrOXBaJIe KOJe He Ca!.lp)Ke jaCHY HHICY ).la YHarrpHjC.L\e CBOj pa.L\. [J .L\a 0 He .L\) OpraHH3yje aKT~BHOCTH YJajaMHe rrporljeHe 11 orljeIhIIBaIha rrOMa:>Icynl1 yqeHllIJ,IIMa ,ll,a pa3YMl1JY Ha'l:l1H Bpe,I:(HOBaIha y O,ll,HOCY Ha rrOCTaBJheHe IJ,I1JheBe. D,ll,a

B) I10.L\YQaBa ):ljeIJ,y KaKO,Il,a KopHCTe li6pmry ce 0 npocTopy l:I MaTepujaJIY. D,n:a 0 He r) OMorynaBajy .lljeIJ,II .llll, npl1.JIliKOM peaJIl13aUHje aKTI1BHOCT11, CJl060.L\HO 0.L\a611PY 11 KOpl1CTe Pa3HOJlHKe MaTepl1jaJIe. 0 ,n:a 0 He .L\) I1plmpeMa (tfeCTO 3aje.llHO C KOJleraMa, ,njeQOM H p0.L\l1TeJhHMa) H Ha6aBJha Pa3BojHO rrpIIMjepeHe MaTepHjaJIe KaKO 6H HaCTaBY ytfHHIIJIH OtfHme,ll,HOM H OJIaKIllaJIH npOIJ,ec yqeIha. 0 ,ll,a 0 He 1) Ii3Jla)!(e (110Tl1l1CaHe) pa.nOBe CBe ,njeue Ha 3H,L(0~()ytfHOHHIJ,e H npocTopy IIIKOJle c rra)!(IhOM H YB(l)!(aBaIheM. ,n:a 0 He e) Ha 3H,n:OBe nOCTaBJha ¢OTorpa¢l1je, 3aje.L\HII'llCe pa.nOBe Ii pe3ymaTe aKTHBHOCTII BC3aHllX 3a TeMY II/HJlH paLl Y YtfIIOHHIJ,II H3 CBHX HaCTaBHHX 06JlaCTII, Kao II pa,ll,He MaTepttiane Be3aHe 3a peaJImaIJ,Hjy TeMe (MaHOBe, rrpIIrrpeMC, on11C npoueca, 3a,ll,Y)JceIha, IIITa 3HaMO (wm 6H BOJheJ1II ).l,a 3HaMO) una CMO Haytf11Jm, pjeqHUK HOBUX nojMoBa, ... ). O,n:a 0 He )K) Y JmjeJIY 3a caCTaHaK nOCTaBJba ,n:HeBH11 MaH pa,L(a, ,n:HCBHY nopyKY Be3aHY 3a I1JlaH tlJIH TeMY, PYTHHCKe aKT11BHOCTH (KaJIeH.L\ap BpeMeHa, npahelM ,L(alla 11 .L\aTYMa Ha KaJIeH,ll,apy MjeCeIJ,a, H360p aKT11BHOCTI1, pa3pe.L\Ha 3a.nY)KeIha, ,n:l1jeTe .L\aHa Will ceLlMIIIJ,e, KaJIeH,ll,ape pol)eIl,ll,aHa H B(l)!(HHX ,ll,aryMa, BlijecT11, njeCMY .L\aHa (ce,ll,MHIJ,e H CJl.). D,l\a 0 He 3) Ma:repl1jaJIH II pa.L\oBHi¢OTorpa
0 He I1pe,L(CTaBJha CHryPHO H 3aHHM-

6. OKPY)KEH,E 3A YIIEffiE -I HacTaBHl1IdIJ,a KpeHpa CTI1MYJIanlBHO oKpY)KeIhe 3a yqeIhe Koj11Ma ce OJIaKIII~Ba npoIJ,ec aKTHBHOr Y'lelha II ocaMocTaJh11BaIha, II y KojeM ce ,ll,jeIJ,a oCje-/ nqJy np11XBal'leHo, cliryPHO l(KOMI1eTeHTHo.

6.1. HaCTaBHl1ldIJ,a opraUH3yje
__

1

2

3

.

a) IIpocTop cipraiimYJ:~.ni!Co).la oMorynH pat! y BeJll1Koj, MaJIHM rpyrraMa II l:IH,ll,!1BII,ll,YaJIHO. _ 0 ,ll,a 0 He 6) MaTepl1jaiItna Pa.n 3aje;wo c .Dje~bwrc6pTHpa rro y
-

-

nOJmIJ,aMa T~KO ).!,a~l3a~a cTBap HMa cBoje 06H.Jhe)KeHO MjecTo. OMorynaBajy ,ll,a CBaKO ,n:l1JeTe liMa MjecTO 3a o,/J,naraI:be JllitfHHX CTBapH. 0 ,ll,a 0 He

HaCTaBBI1KiIJ,a: a) OCl1rypaBa ,ll,a ce CBa ,njCIJ,a ocjenajy Cl1ryPHO, 3aWTHneHO 11 rrpHxsal1eHO. O,ll,a 0 He 6) O,n:p)!(aBa yrO,ll,aH TOH y ytfHOHHIJ,II oMorynaBajynH ,njeIJ,II .L\a CJl060,ll,HO eKCl1epHMeHTHrny, I1CTPa:>Icyjy, pa3MjeI:byjYIl,ll,eje_Hcapaljyjy. - - -.' 'O,n;a 0 He B) OMorynaBa ):ljeIJ,II ,Il,a ce CJI060,Il,HO 11 KOMneTeHTHO Kpeny no yq110HUIJ,II, KoplicTe lIoTpe6He MaTep11jaJIe H 6P11HY ce o-fhHl\i3:; . O,n:a 0 He r) OMorynaBa .DjeIJ,H ,ll,a ce Mel)yc66Ho wio 60llie yno3Hajy, o6panajy ce je.L\Ha .L\pYfHMa HMeBoM, pa.L\e 11 KOMYHl:IIJ,Hpajy y yrO,L(Boj aTMoc
116 117

JIHTEPATYP A 1. MJla,IJ:CH BHJIOTHjeBun: EBanyaL\Hja ,IJ,HJ(aln'H'IKe e¢lIKaCHOCTH HaCTaBHor 'mca, Eeorpa.L\, (2004), IJ;eHTap 3a ycaBprnaBafhe PYKOBO,DJIJlaL\a y oopa30BafhY· 2. rpyna ayrcipa, MHTepaKTllBHO yqeIhe I, EafhMyKa, (1999), MllHilCTaPCTBO npocBjeTe PenyOJTI1Ke CprrcKe. 3. rpyna ayropa, MHTepaKTI1BHO yqeIhe II, EafhanYKa, (2000), MIlHilcTapcTBo npocBjeTe Peny6mIKe CprrcKe. . 4. rpyna ayTOpa, MHTepaI
MO)1;EJIH PA)1;HOHH~A

118

JIJIHja BH,n:OBHn, lllKOJICKH Ha,n,30PHHK

HaCTaBHH npe,n:MeT: Pa3pe,n:: HaCTaBHa 06JIacT: Mo,n:eJI: HaCTaBHa je,n:HHHIl,a: THn'Iaca: 06mIK pa.n:a: HaCTaBHe MeTO)],e: 06Pa30BHH liHJb:

CpnCKH je3HK

VII KfhIDKeBHOCT I1HTepaKTI1BHO Y'Iefbe Y I1p06JIeMcKoj HaCTaBH BOnKa 110CJI~e KHllle ()J.06pHllla JJ;eCapHn) o6pa,n,a njecMe pa,ll, y rpynaMa pa,n, C TeKCTOM, ,n:HjaJIOlllKa MeTO,ll,a, MeTO,n:a pjelliaBafba np06JIeMa, THMCKO y'qefhe. JIH'IHH ,n:mKHBJbaj njecMe, CTpYKIYpa njecMe, CTpO¢a II CTI1XOBa; OCHOBHI1 H CnOpe,n:HH MOTIiBH; nOpYKa njecMe; 3Ha'Iaj H JbenOTa Tparafha; yn03HaBafhe ca CTHJlCKOM ¢IiryPOM KOHTpaCTa H YO'laBafbe KOHTpaCTa; o,n:rOHeTafbe Y

BaCnHTHH Il,MJb:

Pa,n:HH MaTepHjaJI:

'leMY je TajHa BonKe nocmue KHllIe; pa3BHjafbe CMHCJla 3a capa,n,fbY. )!(nBOT HIije lllTO H nOJbe rrpenH, HHTI1 je JberrOTa YBHjeK Ha ,n:OXBaT pYKe. CTOra -rpe6a 6HTl1 yrropaH H crrpeMHO ,n:O'IeKaTH H OHO llITO HHje JlHjerro Y )!(HBOT)'. TeKCT njecMe BohKa rrOCJlHje KHllle, JlHCTHnH ca 3a,n:aliHMa 3a pa,n: y rpyrraMa.

fJIABHli KOPAJJ;H UpSH KopaK: YBO)], Y pa)], Ha pjeliiaBafbY rrp06JleMa
'0

B) lecy JIH )KHBOTHH YCJIOBI1 rrpoMjeH.JkHBH HJlIiCy r) lllTaje H3BOP )!(HBOTa Ha 3eMJbH?'

cti:rimi?

HajaBa U:HJba: 0 CYHU:Y, JberrOTH npirpo.n.e, 'IOBjeKY H )KIlBOT)' rOBopHileMO ,n:aHac yrrpaBo OHaKO KaKO fiX Y rrjecMH' BH)],H .njecHIiK )J.o6pIillla JJ;ecapIin. ITjecMa ce 30Be BonKa nOCJIIije KHllle.3arrIicani Ha TaOJIIi:

121

BonKa floclIHje KHUle ,TJ:oopHIlJa I(ecaprrn (1902-1980) Hajflo3HaTHje cy My KIhrrre CnaCeHa cBjeTlIa, OCBrrjeT;I>eHH nyT, rOmi ':laCOEH, C.llan. .Il:pym KOpal\::
WYfAfPYITA UiliTajTe I1IDKJhI1BO njecMY BOlllm nOCJIHje KHIUe H Iloh,},IUajTe O)JTOBOPHTll H3 cllie)]'ena IlHTaIha:

1. 0 LIeMY ce rrjeBa y OBOj njeCM!1? (OCHOBHI1 MOTHB njecMe)? 2. KOJHiKO CTllXOBa llMa OBa njecMa? 3. KaKBo pacrrOJIO)KeIhe y B3Ma 113a3HBa npBa cYpo
5.0 KojeM rOJ\VIWFheM Jl.o6y je pHjetI? TPEl1A rpYDA 1fuTajTC nIDKibI1BO njecMY BOllKa nOCJll1je KHIUe 11 oJ\roBOpHTe Ha ITIrra.fba:

1. KOjH CTHXOBI1 OBe njecMe ce PHM)'jy?

2. KaKaB ocjenaj y BaMa 6YJl.H )],pyra cYpotPa rrjecMe? 3. llim ce )],eCH c BonKoM Ka,n:a ce cyHIJ;e MaJIKO cKpHje?

I1PBA rPYI1A ilpOLIHTajTe rr8..lKJbHBO I(ecapHncBY njecMY BOl1Ka nOCJIHje KHIUe H pHjeIUHTe cJhe,Il,che 3a,Il,aTKe: 1. KOJIHKO cYpo
4. lliTaje rro njecHHKY 113BOP )KHBOTHe ':lapOJIHje?

2. IIocMaTpajTe rrpBy CTPO
TffiTBPTA fPYITA '1HTajTe njecM)' BOnKa rrOCJIHje KHIUe If ITOKJIUajTe o,n:roBOpI1TI1:

5. 360r LIeraje BOnKa rrOCTaJIa )],PBO?

1. 360r 'lera 6HCMO OBY njecM)' MOrJIH Ha3Bam njeCHH':lKOM MHlmjarypoM?

.2. Koje pHjeqH y

njecMH ce PHMyjy?

3. Kojl1 CTIfXOBH Hajpje':ll1mje rOBope 0 60raTcTBY VI llierrOTH hpHPo.)J;ef

5. llITa ce )]'oralja CKHlIlHHM KanHMa (I1nycTPyj ,cTiDwM)? --

.

-

4. £e3 'lera BooKa (npHpo)],a) He H3rJIe)J;a paCKOIUHO H He 6nHjelllTH?-

5. lliTa MHcnHTe, qHMe cyHI.(e TaKO MOnHO roenyje H3 )KHBH cBHjeT?

122

123

ITETA rpYIIA qIITajTe flIDKJhI1BO njeCMY BOllKa flOCJUlje Kllllle 11 0LlrOHenUITe rrjecHI1-

bOCHJhKa CnpeMo, IllKOJICKH Ha,ll,30pHUK

KOBY rropyKy: ~. IIha 6.11 BoliKa MOrJla npe)l.CTaBJhaTH npeMa OHOMe KaKO je njeCHI1K onucYJe Y rrpBOJ CTpo
P A,LI,lIOHH[(A YHK[(lIJE JE31IKA 2.

IIlTa .611 BOtlRa Morna Cl1M6oJl1130BaTH rrpeMa OHOMe RaKO je rrjecHI1K BU)];U Y )];pyrOJ CTpoqm? ,lJ;eMoHCTpauuja je,n;He OLI MorynHocTu ,n;a ce yqeHllUU ,n;OBe,n;y y CYITya-

3.

Y KaKBOM cy OLIHOCY cm1Ka Bonxe Y rrpBoj U If,eHa CJlUKa Y Llpyroj

CTpO¢U?

nHjy ,n;a caMli CTI1'iY 3HaIf,a OLlp){{aHa je 3a HaCTaBHllKe cpnCKor je3HKa y OCHOBHOj illKOJIH illTO je CBaKaKO yrHnaJIO Ha 11360p TeMe. OCHOBHI1 UUJh pa,n;a 6HO je ,n;a HaCTaBHI1UU YO'le rrpe,n;HOCTI1 aKTHBHOr

4. IIha je pa3Jlor IIITO je BOllKa (pacKoIll) rrOCraJla jaLlHo Ma.,10 p;pBO?

yqeIllna yqeHHKa Ha 'lacy U rrpe,ll,HOCT 3aje,ll,HHl'lKOr pa,n;a 11 pa3MjeHe MUIllJheIf,a y rpynH y npouecy CTUnaIf,Y 3HaIf,a, O,ll,HOCHO Y OBOM CJlyqajy y 06HaBJhaIf,y Ben paHllje CTeqeHOr 3HaIf,a.

S.lIhaje KOHrpacT Kao CTHJICKO cpep;cTBo?

YEO)); l:leTBpnl KOpaK: ll:lBjeIllTasaH>e rrpeLlcTaBHuKa rpyrra y3 Kpahll pa3fOBOp.

neTH KopaK: AHaJI1l3a TOKa pa.L\a Ha pjeillaBaIf,Y rrp06JleMali ol.\ieHa

CBU JhYLl11, 6e3 063llpa Lla JIll npuna,ll,ajy MaJIliM llJIli BeJIllKliM HapOLlllMa, CJly){{e ce je3llKoM ,ll,a 06JlllKyjy II ll3pa3e cBoje MUCJIll, ocjena&a, ){{eJbe, HaLle,

pa.!J,a. lliecTH KopaK: YonurraBaH,e pe3YJlTaTa H CHHTe3a 3HaIf,a. ,n;aKJIe, BOhKa

CTpenIf,e. CBaKU jC3UK, 6uo OH MaJIU HJlU BeJlI1KU, llMao cupOMaillaH HJlH 60raT

rrocJI~e KllIlle II Bonxa Ka.!J, ce CYHUe cKp~e Morao 6u 6IITli CBaKO o,n; Hac. OHa npe,n;CTaBJha 'lOBjeKa y If,erOBOM 60JbeM II If,erOBOM JIOIllujeM H3,n;aIf,y. CBll 6HCMO y )!(lIBOry )({eJheJIU ,n;a I1MaMO illTO BHllle TpeHyTaKa Koje UMa BonKa cyHl~eM 06acjaHa.

pje'lHHK, 3aLlOBOJhaBa OCHOBY nOTpe6y ,ll,PYillTBeHe 3aje)];Hl1ue Koja ce If,UMe

CeJI.MH KOpaK: Bje){{6a y peWlTOBaIf,Y. ilpeMa){{eM ,n;a KO)]; Kyne Hayq:UTe OBY HeBeJlHKY rrjeCMY HanaMeT.

CJIY)!(lI -

oMorynaBa U3pa){{aBaffie H CaOnillTaBaIf,e, Tj. oMorynaBa KOMYHH-

Kauujy MeDY ':lJlaHOBHMa 3ajeLlHuue. ilpeMa TOMe, OCHOBHa
124

125

- CYMifpalbe ,ll;HcKYCl1je rr ujeJIOKyrmor pa,na rrCTl1uaF"eM rroTpe6e 3a OCMHlliJ"aSallieM ;aJiP)Kaja KOjH ce MOry caSJIa,n:aTIf pa,':(oM,
KOpaIJ;H: 1. YBO,ll;I1a aKTMBHOCT - YBO~1.1a

o6jamIheIha: TeMa, l.lJ'dbeBH, Ha'UIH pa,na, - noJijCJla y rpyne yje,n:Hal:fCHe no 6pojy l:fJIaHOBa (neT), - npunpCMa MjecTa 3a pail: (cje,n:efbe y KPYry). - IIo~cJIa 3MaTaKa rr Heonxo,n:Ha ynyrcTsa 3apM. CBe rpyne cy ,n:06rrJIe HCTe 3a,n:aTKe, O,n:HOCHO HCTe MaTepl1jane 3a Yl:fefbe. Y rpyrrH je rreT l:fJIaHOBa. CBaKH l:fJIaH rpyrre ,n:06HO je je,n:aH JIHCT nanHpa Ha KOMe je TeKCT Kao HJIYcYpaUHja 3aje,n:HY je311l:fKy
2. [JIaBHa aKTHBHOCT: - HH,!(UBII,!(YlI.JTnU pa,!( ua ,n:Hjeny 3a,naTKa, - THMCKII PM, - npuIIpcMa 3a npCil:cTaBJbalhe pe3YJITaTa.

3. 3aBpilIHe aKTHBHOCTH IIpeil:cTaBJhalhC pa,n:a rpyrra. CBe rpyrre HCTaKH)' Ha Ta6JII1 BeJIHKH JIHCT rraITHpa Ha KOMe cy rrpe,n:CTaBI1JII1 pjemelha ,n:o KOjIlX cy ,n:omnH. G:nmroBH je,n:He rpyne (HJlli BHme rpyrra aKO HMa nOTPe6e, rrJIH aKO ce pjemeI-ba Pa3JUfKyjy) o6jacHe Ima cy OTKPHJIH H 3amTO cy TaKO HaIII1CaJIH. CBrr )"leCTByjy y pa3rOBOpy: o6jamlDaBajy, ):lOnYlhaBajy, ,n:ajy rrpHMjep Kojrr 60Jbe HnyCTPyje HeKy
YHKUllJE JE3liKA 1. KOMYHHKAlJ;I1JCKA KOMYHHKarmja ycrroCTaBJbalbeKOHTaKTa. o.n:plKaBalbe KOHTaK~ 2. MllCAOHA C-CalHajlfa)

3.KYflTYPHA4. CTBAPAflAgKA (ecJ;eTCKa) _-: ~ 5. MAnIJCKA -

YBO,n:HH ,n:no CBaKor 3a,!l;aTKa Ca,I.\p)KH ynyrcTBO 3a pa,I.\ 11 HUH je 3a CSC, ITa ra on,ztie HcnCMO oBLlie ITOHaBJbaTH, a rJIaCI1: gaHac neMo ce ITO,!l;cjCTHTH Ha 3HalliC Koje CTe CTeKJII1 TOKOM IlIKOJIOSallia, ami ra TOKOM HaCTaBHl1'IKOr pa,n:a HRCTe '{eCTO KopHcTrrnH. PI1jeq je Pa3JIHqHTI1M
1. A «A Ka,!l; HacMejeIlI T)')KH)' npmm:e3Y», ymrraJIaje 3a ,!l;OPY'IKOM Moja )f(cHa, «xone JIH Trrje 6apeM ,n:an! 3a )l(etl)'?» . " PaBHo,!l;)'IlIHO je Ma3aJIa crrp Ha TOCT. IIome,!l;ao caM Mep: nmKJbHBO je cnyIlIaJIa. . «)KeHY Ben I1MaM», peKao caM. «TpaJ!
gOluIei1.n.e-t~?

B XaJIO, qyjeTe JIll Me? ga JIll Brr MeHe yonIlITe CJlYIlIaTe? Pa3YMlljere lliTa BaM rOBopHM? 126

JIll 127

2. «Je311K IIrpa 3HaQajHY yJIory y np0l.\eCI1Ma Ml1rnJhelha II 06JIIIKOBaIha CBera. Je3HK H MHcao HIiCY Hcro, anH H3Meljy IhIIX nocTOjII BeJ1IIKa Mepa Y3ajaMHor nO,D.pa3YMeBaIha. A CBeT y KojeM JbY,D.H :limBe HHje y ueJ1l1H1I ,D.ar, ,D.a 611 6110 ca\4O onliCIiBaH II caonrnrasaH nYTeM je3lIKa. HanpOTlIB, je3lIK nOMIDKe y y06J1HqaBaIf,y noje,D.HHlIX Bl1,D.OSa BaHje3J1qKe cTBapHocTll, TIiMe rnTO IIX H3}J,Baja, 11MeHYje 11 }J,OBO}J,H Y Meljyco6He O):lHOce. OH TaKO yqeCTByje Y J.13rpa1jHBalbY MHcaOHIIX ca,D.p)Kaja Koje npeHOCH - UITO 3HaqH H y caMOM Ca3HaBaIf,y CBeTa, KOjU ce qOBeK)' YBeJIHKO H OTKpliBa ynpaBo Kp03 je3IIK.» (P. EyrapcKH, YBO}J, y OnIlITY J1IIHrBliCTliK)')

3. focno,Ll,e, EO)Ke MOj, MHllOCP,lJ,HH H MHoroMHnOCrHBl1, nOMHllyj Me CBOjOM MHllOrnny fplIropl1ja rpernHora e.na 6HX y rocno,Ll,l1lIa 61I0 y MlinOCTI1 y Te ce Y3,D.aM. 3aBpllIlIX C 60)Kl1joM nOMOny, aMHH. Ja fplIroplije nl1cax aJIl1Jlyjape. Ja rpernHII fJ1l1roplije ,Ll,HjaK, HC.nOCTOjHH ):Ia ce Ha30BeM ,Ll,lIjaKOM, 3aCTaBIIX OBO jeBaHljeJbe 3naTHOM KHe3Y BeJ1KOCnaBHOM MlipocnaBY, CllHY 3aBl1,D.HHY. A MeHe, rocnO}J,I1He He 3a6opasii rpernHora, Ben Me caqyBaj ce61I, }J,a Mll HlIje, rOCnO,Ll,IIHe, )Kao Te611 IllTO CaM pa.nI1O, KHe3Y cBojeMY rocnO}J,IIHY, ,D.a Me He qyBam rpeUIHora. 3anllc fpllropllja }J,lljaKa npemICI1BaQa MlipocnaBJbeBor jeBaHijeJba

5.

***

IJ,PlIa Kyja nYTOM Kaca, U3 If,e 6HjCJIO M;llljeKo na,l:(a, Ha KaMeH na,l:(a, KaMeH ce pacna,l:(a, O,D. Melle ypOK OTnal\a.

***

Harna I'l,o.£\a Eora MOclR, . . I OJ, ,L\O,£\O, OJ, l\OgO JJe. )],a y,L\apH poca KHllIa, oj, ,lJ,O;:l.O, oj, )l,O,lJ,O ne! JJ:a nOKBCHY eBB opa"l.H, , . I OJ, ,UO,lJ,O, OJ, gO,lJ,O J1e. eBB opa'1n If KOnaQn, , . I OJ, .£\0.£\0, OJ, ,Ll,0,Ll,0 ,le. H no KynH rrOCnOBaqIf, . .n:o,Ll,O, OJ, ',Ll,O,Ll,O . JJe.I OJ,

***

Y POK li,ile 113Ha,Ll, Kyne, ypOLll1ua HCnO,D. Kyne. OHli ee eacTarne 11 nOKJIallIe, O,l:(HCCe ypbK ypOLHiUY Y ropy nYCTI1If,y, ije 3BOHO He 3BOHll, ije Marna He 3SeQI1, ije MajKa J:\ieL(H KOnaQa He ,L\aje. HH Ha MOpy MOCTa, Hl1 y KaJvlCllY M03ra, Ha Ha ra13paHY Hl1 Ha AHl1 ypOKa.

4. CTeBaH PaHqKOBlln

illITH Je,l:(HOM Hac Ty, r.!tie Hac liMa, Helie 61ITIi. MIl CMO H11T11 Koje Be)KY HepoijeHe ca MpTBHMa. HeMaKpaja. HacnOHllMO Ha 3paK YEa: Kp03 rnYl1JbllHe ll3Meljy Hac SCTap JJ.YBa IIho BpeMeHa na ,l:(Ba cnqia. JIe:lKe llcnO,l:( MpaqHe ceHe MPTBII, ajorn HepoljeHe CnyTlI Ba3.n:yX, KOjl1 Kpaj Hac 3acBe'U1Yl.\a. MIl ce Ko6HO nenyjaMa H CJ1YlliaMO BeTap caMO H HI1T no HI1T KaKO nyua...

128

129

CHe}KaHa 'Bop!)eBliri'i,

I1PHMEPH HEKHX KOMYHI1KA THBHYLX AKTI1BHOCTH

IliKOJICKH Ha)J;'30pmIK

11
TYMAlJElbE HOBOr ILt\CT ABHOr llJIAHA II llPorPAMA 0):( IDECTor ):(0 )J;EBETor P A3PE):(A OCHOBHE IDKOJIE

Ii

READING COMPREl-JENSION IllliT AI-bE CA PA3YMEBAIbEM

Ii

LISTENING COMPREHENSION I CJ1YllIAIbE CA PA3YMEBAH)EM

Ii

WIRTING / I111CMEHO H3PA)KABAHoE

II

IS

II

.. Ii

- HC¢OpMaJIHa .ll,HcKycHja

- 3aje.ll,HUQIW I1JIaHHpaFbe

- BoijeThC rrpcrOBopa

- pCrnaBaIhC npOOJIeMa

- ¢OpM<1.ilHa .ll,UcKycHja

- HaL\pT

- .ll,eOaTa

- rrpojeKaT

- rraueJI .ll,HcKycnja

- UCTpa)!GmaThC

- aHKCTa

- H3BeUITaj

- IllncpBjy

- He06aBe3aH pa3I'OBOp

- BOneThe 6eJrC)KaKa

CYIliTl1HY OCHOBHe 'leTHpH jC3Fl'lKe BeUITHHe ,-[HHe BOKa6ynap H rpaMaTHKa, H CTora OBe HHKaKO He 3arrOCTaBJhajy YCBajaThe BOKaOYJmpa H rpaMaTHKe, Ben liM ce caMO rrpHJIa311 Ha .ll,pyrH n3'IHH - Y KOUTCKCTY KOMYHliKaJ~l1je. Ha l1pl1Mep, rpeillKa H3 rp3MUTHKe ce K3)KTh3Ba caMO YKOJ1HKO npeKI1):ia jacHocT rropYKC Koja )Kcnl1 .ll,a ce rrpeHece, 6HJIO y TOKY YCMCBe HJIH rrHCMeHe

SPEAKING / rOBOP LEARNINGILEARNING TO LEARN I YYEFbEfYqJiITJiI KAKO Yl1I1TH

KO!;1YHHKal~Hje.

Y rrorJIe.n:y 'lHTaTha ca pa3YMeBaTheM CKOpO YBeK ce pa.ll,H

0 qrnaThY Y

ce6u, rrOCJIe Kora CJIe.ll,e JIorHL[KU 3a.ll,aUH U aKTUBHOCTH Ha OCHOBY KOjHX ce

TEACHINGIHACTABA

rrpOBepaBa pa3YMeBaThe rrpO"lHTaHor TeKCTa.

ASSESSMENT/SELF-ASSESSMENT BPEJJ:HOBAI-bE/CAMOBPEJJ:HOBAHoE

HaqliHa BC)K6e mrOBopa. Tafwl'jc He Tpc6a I1HCI1CTHpaTH Ha .ll,aBaThY OL\eHe H3 'IHTaTha Harnac, jep ne ce npHpO,[(aH H3rOBOp, HHToHaUHja 11 pHTaM Haj6o)be

+

npOL\eHHTH y CUMYJ1HpaHoj KOMYHUKaTl1BI-IOj curyaL\HjH Kap:a yqeHHK U He

liUTaThe HarJIaC He rrpC.ll,CTaBJha rrpOBepy pa3YMeBaTha, Ben je.ll,aH O.ll,

VOCABULARY

MHCJIII Ha TO KaKO ne H3rOBap3TU pCtll1, Tj. HHje OnTepeneH TEMe, a IIITO 6n

+ GRAMMAR

METOJJ:I1: KOM)'HuKaTHBHH (rrpHcryrr)

OEJll1I(JiI PAJJ:A:

I1HTepaKTHBHu

¢POIlTaJIHH pa,n: Y rrapOBHMa

HH.ll,HBHJI)'aJIHH

rpyrrHI1 pa.ll, rpyrrHH pa.ll, Ha rrpojeKry urpa no YJIorarvm

y

rrpOTHBHOM ('lI1TaIbe HarJIac) caMO .ll,OBeJIO .ll,0 cyrrpoTHor HCXO.ll,a. liHTaThe Y Cc6H 110CJIe Kora cJIe,n:e 3a.ll,aUl1, Tj. aKTHBHOCTH Kao liITO cy O.ll,pe.ll,HTH TaqUO HeTaQHO, norryThaBaH,C l1pa3HHHa, nOBe3HBaIbC .ll,aTHX I13jaBa, ,;:(aB3ThC HaCJIOBa CBaKOM rracycy UT.ll,. l1pe.ll,CTaBJha npoBepy pa3YMcBaTha npOqHTaHOr TCKCTa. liHTaThe H CJIYIIIaThe cy peucnTHBHc BemTHHe, .ll,OK cy IIHCaThe U caM rOBOp l1pO.ll,YKTHBHC BClllTHlle. HapaBHO, rOBOp Tpe6a ,n:a 6Y.ll,e YBCK HajBl1IIIe 3acryfubeH, aJII1 3a I13Boljelf>a HaCTaBe CTpaHor jC3HKa rpe6a pe.ll,OBHO I13BO.ll,UTH 3a.ll,aTKe KQjU .ll,OnpHIWce rro60.fhfllaThY H rrHcMeHe KOMYHHKaunje, Koja je KO.ll, Hac Tpa.ll,HUHOHaJIHO 3anOCTaBJI,eHa. - TOKO!.1 qaca y-ieHHlze Tpc6a BO.ll,HTH n nO.ll,CTHuaTH, BpIIII1TH KpaTKe npemc.ll,cy nonre.ll,Y BOKa6YJ1apa, je3lfllKe rpalje H HapaBHo H.ll,eja H Pa3MI1IIIJhaTha (bral11stofilling) miOCHOBY KOjux MOry rrHCMCHO HJIH YCMeHO ,na u3Hecy cBoje Mj1IIIJheffie HaQ·.ll,peljel1iTCMY, cnaraH,e HJ1If HCC,1araH"e Y Be3H ca ryljHM

MHlllJheTheM,~HJlH .UaK, .ll,a Ha OCBOBY HCTpa)KHBaH,a ):\OJIa3e .ll,0 pCIIIeI-ba HeKor np06JIeMa:' I1CTO'_ 'TaKo, Ba OCHOBY npo'lHTanor TCKCTa HJIH o,n:CJIymaHor M3TepHj"lJ13, yqCHHUH !;lOry .ll,a ):\06Hjy o):\foBapajyrm l-!3BOP H Mo,n:eJ1 ITa OCHOBY Kora MOry .ll,a ypa,ne 3a;:J:aTaK If3 YCMeHe HJ1H I1lrCMene KOMYHHKaI~Hjc (integrated

skills), 130

131

fiposepasalhe, npeJl,HOnalbe

n CaMOSpe).!,HOSalhe (KOjl1

eBe OHO UlTO ce rrpe,Uajc, Tj. !lITO J"!eIlHL\H ycnajajy II Y'le, TpeGa TeCTIIpani H OL\elhHSUrH. I1ope,U 3Hafha, O,UHOCHO OHor !lITO CMO npc,UaBaJll1, Ol.\efhflBane CC If L\CJloKynuH rrplicTyrr CTpaHOM jC3HKY, UKTHBHO ycrelhe, a 3allITO CMO TaKoijc Kao HaCTaBHHL\H O,UfOBOpHH.

Cpe,L(HWTe H caMY cyWTl1Hy BC3e H3Meijy HaCTaBHor nJIaHa 11 rrporpaMa, o,l.!,pU)J(asa csponCKe RHBOC 3Hatba) 11 KpajtbHX L\IflliCBa KOjH ce

rrOCTaBJbajy, npe)],CTaBJba "lac HaCTase CTpaHor jC3IfKa. KaOTaKaB OH Tpe6a J(a OApmKaBa Hacramm ILlaH If nporpaM 11 MaIbC l\I1JbCBe KOMYHHKaTHBHC KOMnCTCBurrJC KOjH J(OBOJ(C )],0 KpajlMlx Hcxo,Ua npC,Ll,CTaBJbeHHX y HHBOHMa 3Hatba.

Ca JIHHfHBHCHJLIKC CTpaHC, Kao lIlTO je y rrO'leTKY HaBC.L\eHO, TO cy 'leTHpH jC3H'lKe Bemnme, MO H BOKa6y;mp H rpa~!aTHKa (Ta'lHOcT). To 3Ha1Ui ,Ua y pyGpill.\H 3a YCMCllY rrponepy 3Hali,a 113 CTpaHor je3liKa y je,UHOM

nOJIyrO.L\Ii!lIry Tpe6a Aa 6y,Ue OJ( 4CTI1Pl1 J(O !lICCT OUCHa. CsaKa oueHa l1peJ(CTaBJba KOHTHHYHpaHY aKTHSHOCT, a He rrp03HBatbe i.\a cc o,UrOBapa 3a OUCHY je.L\HOM HJIH J(Ba rryTa. Ha Taj Ha'l!1H ce yHH!lITaSa caMa cymnma

BCOMa je SillKHO .L\a ce YBeK carneAa lcojH je Orr!lITH UHlli qaca. qac MO)l(C Aa ce ycpCJ(CpC,Ll,H Ha:

KOMYHHKaTHBHor MCTOAa (rrpHCTyna) Kao llajnpl1pOJIHlljer y C'rpaHoMjc3HKY. CBCMY OSOMe OJ( caMor nOLICTKa Tpc6a o6asccTIfTH yqCHHKC, Tj.

.. O,D,pelJcHY meJfty - TaKO .L\a L\Hlb qaca MQ)KC .L\a GYAC «uaYLlHTH Ha:3I1Be 6oja» IcL1H (
yrrynuH HX y oGJIaCTH jC3IfKa, Tj. 'leTHpH jC3114](C semnmc, UlTa DRe rrpcLlc-

.. O;Jpe!JCHY je311'lKY

o

TaBJMjy If KaKO ce spcJ(HYjy. CBalm YLJeHHK Ire Ha Taj HaYJ1H HMUHi YSMA Y Se!lITIfHe H aKTHBHOCTH Koje 60Jbe pa,D,H ](ao H OBe y KojHMa nOCTIDKC CJraGIfje

-

TaKO ;Ja 'lac MO)!CC ,D,a Gy,Ll,to «onHcaTH paAfhe

KOPI1CTCnH Ca.L\a!lIfhC rpajuo BpcMe» !1J1H «BC)!(OUm OOm:IK "going to" 3a IlJIaHOBC y 6Yl\YllHOCTH»;

pe3YJITaTC. I10JIa:3enH OA CBOjl1X rrpe,D,llOCTH, YLleW1K fie 61'lfH MOTHBHcaH 11 oxpaGpcH J(a came)J,a oGjelCTHBHO H 06sJaCTH y Koj}L'>1:a je CJla6Hju H,Ua ilJIalmpa

.. O,Ll,pcljeuy eeU1I11UllY - TaKO Aa l\HJb qaca MO)!(e Aa 6y,Uc «Aa ce pa:3YMejy ynYTcTBa 3a KOPH!lITClbe MaWHHC» HJlH «,l.!,a ce cnoGoJ(Ho

r,Ue TpcGa.L\a BH!lIC pU.L\H. To HC Mopa YBcK;:(a 6y,D,c caMO je3HqKa BeWTHHa, Ben

H3pa:3C MHWJbefha 0 GpaKY»;

MO)!(C Aa 6y,Ue H HCKa Oll KOMYHuKaTHBHI1X aKrHBHOCTH I1JlH 3aAaTaKa y OKBHPY jC3HtIKe BCWTIiHe.

KOjH O.L\ CbeLlelll1X HaCTaSlil1Ka HMa HajjacHHjy npe.L\CTaBY L\ II Jb a 'mca?

OBHM cc rrOCTIDKe 3L1paB OAHOC Y'lcHHKa rrpeMa cnoc06HocTHMa y rrorJIcJJ:Y YCBajaTha jC3HKa, KOjH je HajBl!llle Jll1'JaH npouec H KOjH Tpajc TOKOM

HaCTaBHHK A:

UCJIor )KHBOTa. Ha oBaj Ha'lHH y'leHHUH CC 110CTeneHO ocnoco6;baBajy J(a IIJIaHHpajy TOK H HaqHH YCBajaH>a je3HKa lllTO UX BOAU Ka cnoc06HoCTH yqefha

Pa,D,HllcMO JIeKUHjy

15.

To je BC)!(Ga nOCTaB.Dafba rrHTaI-ba II

,D,aBafha OLlrosopa y3 ynoTpcGy O,Ll,roBapajyne Ta6ene. HaCTaBHIIK

TOKOM ueJIor )!(HBOTa.

B:

HaC'raBHHK B:

Be)l(GaheMo l1HTafha y ca}J,aWfheM «Ka)l;a ... », H BpeMCHCKC cppa:3e. Be)!(6allCMo

110CTaBJbUl-be

rrHTatba

rrpocToM

BPCMCHY

H }J,aBatbe

O,UfoBopa

KOPHCTelil1 Ca.L\a!lIl-bC npOCTO BpCMe, TaKO ,Ua lIe y'ICHIfL\II TeMe

HayqHTI1 ,l.!,a rOBope 0 CBaKO.L\HeBHHM aKTHBHOCTIIMa H KaAa HX oGaBJ'bajy

Y nOrJIc,Uy l\HllicBa HaCTaBC cTpaHorjc3l1Ka Gpoj TCMa Hl1jC TOIlliKO GUTaH KOJIHKO J(yGl1lIa 11 KBfu1HTCT KojH cc nOCTlDKC. Epoj 'lpc6a ,Ua GYAe TOJIHKH ,Ua

(TaqaH O.i\roBOP HaCTaBHI1K E.)

oGc3GeJ(H ,UOBOJbHY !lIHpHHY 3a ycsajaIf,e KOMYllHKaUHjc Koja cc O)J.HOCH Ha cBaKO,UHeBHIf )!(HBoTYQeHI1Ka o)J.pcl)eHor y3paCTa. fIpCMa

eBporrcKHMcTaH,UapAH~ta nocrojc '{empH rJIaBHe oGJIaCTH Jnrqiui, jamlH, npo
JIcKUHja 16

CBaKO,L(Hel:lBOr )!(HBOTa:-

oGJIaCTH CCCTaS.rbajy Y:Jl:aJbI1KOHTeKcT: MCCTO, IfHcTl1ryUHje, JIH'lHOCTI1, npe,L(McTH, .L\OraijajH-1- pa,L(lbC

)J,a ce BC)!(Ga Pa:3fOBOP 0 oJ(cnH, MaTepHjaTIHMa II

H~TeKcioBli. HOBe pe·ul.: J C31f'IKa rpnija:

GojaMa. c _c. _ fIpHAeBI1: BYHeHH, KO)!(l{I1, ilaMYLIIfH;-rirracTIIqHH.Ca.i\a!lI!f,e

TpajHo

BpC;\1e:

...•- :~HOCH

Ha

ceGil ....

(pCBl13l1ja). Common European Framework for Languages Learning, Assessment Council of Europc, 2001

132

Teaching,

1.

fipemeJ(

I1oKa:3am CJIHKC o,Uene. -,Il;ajTe-pe'-l.J1: Kanyr, wewHp, KO!lIYJba, naHTaJlOHe, HT,U.

133

2.

3.

4.

Ilpc3cHTaf~nja

Bemoa

IIncalbe

IIoKa3aTH npe,IJ,MeTe HanpaBJbeHe O,IJ, BYRe, KO)!(e, rrJIaCTYlKe, lfT,IJ,. ITpencTaBHTH ROBe rrpl1,ll.eBe. Harrl1CaTYl HX Ha Ta6JIH.

,I(p ,I(paro.lby6 KpneTa, Mp nopfje HHjewH.'lmll, illKOJ1CKH lIa,ll.30pHlIK

1) 3a Y'lCHIlKe cYp. 77 ITornep:ajTe CJIUKe U HarrpaBlrre pe'lCHJ1Ue, Imp. «OHa HMa 3enCHY naM)TtIHy XaJbllHY.» 2) Pa,IJ, y napy: A: llITa OHa HOCll? E: OHa HOCIl 3eJl:CHY naMY'IHY XaTbHHY. 1) HanHcaTll Ha Ta6nH: «fTpOillJIOr BHKeH.n:a HOCHola caM ... » YqeUYlI(1l muuy pe'leHHl\e 0 ce6H. 2) CaK)'IIIlTH OKO p:eCeTaK Y'leHl1'lKHX pall:oBa. IIpo'H1TajTc !1X Harnac. OCTamr )"leHHl(H nora1j
1) HamrcaTH Ha TaOm1: ITepy, Cy,'\aH, I1aJCl1cTaH. f,T\je ce mlJ133e? KaKB3 je IbYlXOB3 KJIHMU? Kojy o,IJ,eny Jby;,!H TaMO Hoce?

2) 3a Y'leHHKe: I1pO'lHTajTe TeKCT lIU cT.79. y ce6u II rrpOflal:iYlTe O,IJ,roBope Ha rnaBIIa nYlTalba. 3) ITOCTaBHTC llliTalba H ,IJ,ajTe O,IJ,rOBOpe, aa CTp. 79.

Cll;EHAPIIO - TIHCMEBA TIPHIIPEMA 3A OEPA)l,Y BACT ABHE JEllJIHHll;E 1. AKTl1BIIOCTH HACT ABHHKA AKTHBHOCTH lIaCTaBHHKa ce 3acHHBajy Ha H3)"laB3H.,y HITnheMaTCKe 06:mCT H O,lJ,peljeHe HUCTUBHe je,lJ,HHHl\e, Kao II 113pailJ! IUrCMelle nprmpeMe 3a opr3HH3aruljy 'l3ca.

Y HITrr HaCTaBHa je/'\HHHI~3 «TIPBH CprrCKI1 YCTaH3K» ce H3Jf3311 rro,lJ, peJlJIHM 6pojeM 4 y CKJIOrry TeMaTCKe o6:racTH «EaJIKaHCKO rro:ryocTpBO KpajeM 18. II rrO'IeTKOM 19. Bl-UeKa». 3a OBY TeMaTcry OOJIaCT npe,ll.BI1J:jeHo je 25 'l3COBa, 3aTl1M O,lJ,peljefm ca.n:P)l
JIffTCparypa TeMa, H3cTamrajcllm!llIla

3a nplmpeMY 'laca KopHlllTeHIl MaTepHjanH H3 npe,IJ,aBalba rrpo
EalK3HCKO nOJIyocTjlBO KpajCM 18. H nO'l.19. B. *Kplf33 OCMUII.J1HjcKe B~laCTJ1,

nOKYlIIaj pC
- -..---

riOJI0JKaj' CJlOllCcKHx.Hapolla y j3cMc"aMa. Xaoc6ypIllKC. . ' MbHapXIfJe!! ¥rapcKc. *pcnoJlymtia 1848. y Bojno!1 mllf .

1 134

'lac 25

CTaH;lapllH 3H3lha - Y'lCr!!1K lie 6HTH cnoco6aH 11a: *nOK3)J(C rpaHHue Ecorpa11cKor narmmYI
cMjepHHue 33 HaCTaBHHKe

I M~~~~e t

H 06.1H1U1 PMa 'YU6CllHK MH, MP, HCTop"je MpT, 11eM *HCTopr\iCKC *rpynHH Kapre PM* *rpaqlOcjJO:TJ1jc tPPOHTaJlHH, *U1l HH!\HBIf11. *SIll!CO Inpa.i(a *PM y 311AHOr naHoa TaH11eMY *HCTOPl1jCI(H TeKCTOBH *l1llCKYCHja, pa3rOBOp *cjJOTOrpatPlljc *KOJrrpO)lIIH

PM *nocjcTa 6u6clHOTCUH, apxllBy, MY3ejy, HCTOPIDCKOM HHCTH1)'T)',

HCTop.cnoMcuH *HCTOPHjCI
135

I I

YBH,Il, Y onaKO npC,Il,CTaBJbCH H3BOJl, 113 HI1I1 YKa3yje Ha 611Tll.e HOBIIHe y OJl,HOCY Ha CTapH HITI1, noce6HO illTO oBaj HI111 CaJl.p)KH HeKe py6pHKe Koje Y npeTXOJl,HOM HI1CY yonUlTC 61mc (CTarl,i:(ap)J,H 3Harba, cMjepHl1Ue 3a HaCTaBHl1Ke, HaCTaBHe MCTO).\C H 06:lI1UH pa;J,a) Kojc cy Bpno npCUH3He H YBeJll1KO rrOMID!CY HaCTaBHl1KY y npunpCMH H opralH13all.l1jl1 qaca. 1.1. ilPllllpCM3n,e npojCK'I"a - U3pa).l.3 lWHI.\Cm.\Hjc nplmpcMC llIKOJIa ............................................. . HaCTaBHI1K .................................... .. Pa3pe,n, u o4iC"'1elbC ............................................. . HacraSHH npe;:(MCT............................................... . HacraSHa Te~la ....................................................... .. HacraBHa je).\HHl11Ja .............................................. .

1.2. Il,lIJhCBll naCT3fIHor paA3 JJ;HJbCSI1 HacraBHor pa;J,a l13BO;J,C ce l13 H3 rml1 3a HaBc;J:eHY TCM)!, Te je nOTpe6Ho aHinU311paTIl HajnpJ1jc Ol1llITE 1JHJbCBe KOjH cc H
-

,Il,a Y'!eHI1L\H OBnaJl,ajy OCHOBHHM nojMoBHMa 11
1.3. Oomu.\H uaCTaSlIor pa~a 06JII1L\11 HaCTaBHor pa,ll,a npOH3ola3C 113 HI1I1 mTO CC BHJl,H Ha CTp. 212. HIITI (~acTaBlll1KY ce OCTaBJba Moryl1HocT ,ll,a 3aBl1CHO O,ll, HaCTaBHC jCJl,HHHTIC npHMjCrbyjc OBe o6:tl1lce 3a KOjc cMarpil ,D,a hc I1MaTH Haj60JbH ccj>eKilT). 110Jl, npCmOCTaBKOM ,IIacr.lO ce 0Jl,JJYQlmH'3a Kpahy yn01'pc6y cj>poHTMHor pMa (y YBOJl.Y H 3aBplllHI1M KOMclri'aplL~a), a 3a npCTC)KHY yrroTPc6y rpyrrHor 06nHKa, OHlJ:a jc HCOmO,IIHO 1I3npuIHT.H CBt? rrpHIIpcMe 3a TaKaB paJ], (npl1npCM11Tl1 rrOTpc6aH. MaTCPJ~'.l:n, 'B11)JjeUt OK'O cpopMHpaJM Kpyna, no)Jjcnc 3aJl,aTaKa, H3BjcmTanaIM 0 pany)C tpyrr~ll e.iI.), .

1.4. Han'asHe MeTOJl,e 3aB11cHo O,ll, YCJIOBa illKone, HaCTaBHHK hc KOPHCTHTH OHC MeTOJl,C (npC,ll,B11ljCHC HI1TI) Koje cy My HajnoBOo'bH11je: MI1 - MCTOJ],a npeJ],aBal-La, MP MCTOJl,a pa3rOBOpa, MPT-MCTO,D,a pa,D,a Ha TCKCTY, ,Il,EM - ,ll,CMOHCTpall,l1ja, MMJ1 ImYCTpall,l1ja, ,Il, - MeTOJl,a Jl,l1CKYCl1jc, MY -HHTepaKTHBHo YQClf>C 11 Jl,pyrc. 1.5. HacTasHa Cpc,L\CTBa

Y HI1I1

Y py6PHll,H CMJEPH.I1WO 3a HaCTaBH11KC, npeJl,Bl11)CHa jc ynOTpc6a a,ll,CKBaTHI1X HaCTa rpaijc, HHTepHeT
1.6. 0pMymicaH,e TC3a - KJLY'I.HnX o)]'pC)lfmn:a npCMa nlln-CTUuiJ,ap;J,HMa

,L\a 6H H:1CTallHHK mlao npc,ll, COOOM ll,HjeJIY HaCTaBHY je,ll,HHHll,Y, nOTpe6Ho jc ,ll,a ¢OPMYJIHWC 1E3E (Jl,a O,ll,BOjH 6HTHO OJ( Hc6l1THo1'), 3a OBO he KOPHCTHTI1 CTaH,lI,apn:c KOjH cy HaBe,ll,CHH Y rroCTojehcM HI1II. 3a OBY HaCTallHY jeJl,HHHll,Y HaBCJl,eHH cy Y HIIII c"'1e,ll,cl1H CTaH,ll,apJ],H: - YICHI1K hc 6111'H cnoc06aH ,L(a nOKIDKe rparmll.c Eeorpa.ucKor naUw.nYKa, Jl,a Ha6pojH Y3poKe Kpl13e, Jl,Ccj>H11I1lliC Y3POK H rrOBO,ll, I1PBOM cpnCKOM YCTaHKY, - Ha6pojH Hajn03Hauue 6HTKC, 06jacHH l\HJ'b YCTaHKa. OC11M OBora Yl.JeHHKC Tpc6a ynynfm y pa,ll, 11 KOPHillTCrbC: CK11ll,a, mCMa, rpaclll1KoHa, H3BOpa, o6jaillrbaBarf>a Hen03HaTHX pHjel.J11, cj>OToca H cn. 11 Jl,OrOBOpl1TH ce 0 Hal.JHHY pMa. HaKoH OBora HaCTaBHHK Te3C rrpeTBapa Y I1l1TAFbA : 1. 110KID!C y TypCKOM 1JapCTBY KpajeM 18. H IIOQ.19 .B,? 3. 3awTo jc 6aill TaKO (HecHOlliJbHBO) CTa~be y EcOrpaJl,CKOM naillMYKY? 4. AKo CH CXBa'mo CyWTHHY IIYlTarba ce Mory y Pa3;'IWl.HTOj AlOPMH ,n:aTH'yqCHHll,HMa, Ha nHcTHhy, xaMepy 11nH Ha IIoce6HOM cj>opMyJIapy KOjHMo)!<~ H3rac.ua OBaKO: _.

II.I1TAfbE

1. IIOKAJl.m fP AH.I1IJ,E BEOfPA,Il,CKOf TIAIllAJIYKA 136

O,Il,fOBOP ..

,Il,OKA3, APIY[viEHTl1, H3BOP

I 137

YtfeHliUli ql1Tajy, ;.(oroBapjy ce, HCTp3)Kyjy H ¢opMyJmwy O)J,roBope, HcrryfbaBajy OB~j ¢opMynap. HaCTaBHHK Ha OCHOBY Y'leHHLIKOr HJfH H3BjeWTaBafba Y HMe rpyne, Ha OCHOllY npC3eHTOBaHI1X ,::(OKa3a, YCMjepaBa Pa.D" CHCTCMaTH3yje, a3TH H
2. AKTHBHOCTII YLIEHHKA 2.1. IIPUllPCM3 uPHjCJl30ra pa)J,HIIX rpyna HHTepaKnfBlla HaCTaBa npcJJ:BHija pa3JIWIHTC 06J1HKe pa)],a: pa)], y TaH):J:CMj', rpynH H cn. HacTaBHHK MO)!(e (jlOpi\mpaTI1 rpyne H npHje, a ;l,06po je aKO ce H CaMI1 y!ICHm~H YIO,ytlyjy y ollaj JlHO aKTHBHOCTH.

2.2. IIplinpcMa Y'leHIIKa Y OBOj ¢33H paila, HaCTaBHHK )],aje ynyrcTaBa 0 pa,n:y, yno3Haje Y'IeHHKe ca CYWTHHOM 3a.D,aTK3, i\l~jeJlI1 pea3a pcamn31l lfjc Y'leHH'lKOr p3Aa (15-20 MHH). HacTamIHK jc capaJJ:Hl-IK H KOOPJJ:J.!I13TOP, KOHcYJITaHT. 2.4. a3a IIpc3eIlT3uHjc YHanp11jcJJ: ce yrBpl)yjC pe'[(ocJmjeJJ: rrpc3cHTa~Hje nojeJJ:HHIl.a wm TaHJJ:eMa llilH rpyne, yqCHHUH npc3eHryjy JJ:OK33HY rpa!)y, OHaKO KaKO cy CC )J,oroBOPJ.L1H (npeTXO,[(HO cy CBH Y'leHH~11 npHnpeM11nH OJJ:rOBope Ha nOCTaBJDCHa nHTafba). Tpe6a YKa33TH H3 pa3JIH'lHTOCT o,[(rOBopa, JJ:a JIH cy npl1XBaneH11 0)], rpyne, llJUf je YLJeHHK OCTao npll CBOjHM JJ:OKa3HMa, HaCTaBHHK BO,[(H H nOl\CTH'Ie pacnpaBY, cyqCJhaBa aprYMeHTC, YK33yje Ha KOI-rrpaBep3He apryMCHTe. Y 11HTepaKTHBlloj HaCTaBH OBO jc BPJIO 3HaLJ~iHa a3a jep OMOrynaBa YQeH11Il.HMa l\a HCKillKY cBoje CTaBOBe H MllWJhel:ha. 3. «J)a3a CB!wyallllje Y OBOj ¢33H pa)la Kp03 pacnpaBy l\ajeMo Ol\ieHY OBaKBor HaLJHHa paJJ:a 3a nojel\HHUa HnH rpyny, 3a UHjCJIH p3.3pe)],. HacTaBHHK nOJJ:Y'iaBa yqeHHKe y KPHTHLJKOM Bpe'[(HOB31bY, YKa3yje HM JJ:a H 0,[( fbHXOBor paJJ:a 3aB11CH ycnjcIllHOCT LJaca, a H 60raTcTBo CTC'lCHor 3Hafba, jep cy ce H OHM OJJ:Jl)''fMJ!H 3a OBaKaB paJJ:, ll3BJIatfC ce nOYKC ]a i\aJbH paJJ:. ~-.-

-

,lJ,aHlu~a

KpYHHii,

IIlKonCKll Ha,[(30pHHK

Y HaCTaB11 reOfp8¢I~C jom YBHjeK ce reorpuepa y p33pel\y npujaTHa 11 paJJ:Ha, yqCHH~H Tpe6ajy 6HTH ah"THBHH CYJJ:110HHIJ,H y HaCT8BHOM paJJ:Y. HHTcpaKTHsaH rrpHcryn nOJJ:CTlFre IlHJJ:HBHilyanlIc CTIOC06HOCTH YLJCHHKa H lberOB HHTCJICKryaJ1HH rroTcHUHjaJI. P33BHjajy CC BjcIIInme 11 HaBIlKC (rOBOp, CJIYW3I-bC JJ:P)Tl1X, KOOnCpaTllBHOCT, p33YMHjeBaH,c ilpyrof, npHXBaT3Ihe ;l,pyratf11jer MHWJbCfba, nOBC3HBalhC Y3PO'lHO--f10CJbCIIH'IHHX BC3a H IIp), Y'lCH11K CC MOTHBHIIIC Ha pa3MHIIlJh31be H H3HomClbC CBOjl1X CTaBOBa. CBH ca CBHMa capalJyjy H HeMa ycaMJbCHHX H H30JIOBaHHX YQCHHKa. 360r Meljyc06Hc n03J.!THBHC 3aBHcHocTH, BJIaCTHTe Ol\rOBOpHOCTH H o,[(rOBopHocm npeMa JJ:pynfM y THl\1)1, BjellITHHc CJIYwafba H yqelha O~ ,[(pymx, a J.! no~yqaBafba JJ:pynlx, y aaCTaBH reo['pa¢njc, IfHTCpaKTHBaH npHcryn HMa BeJIHKH 3HaQaj. 3HaJ:ba CTeqeHa Ha oBaj Ha'fHH cy ,IJ,yfOTpajHa H npHMjefbHBa y cBaKoJJ:HcBHOM )!
KOpall,H

VIII JanaH YCKH rroJIo)J(aj H cKc O)],JIHKe JanaHa H Ha KOj11 cy Ha
y p:my

IIpB" KopaK -YBO,[( y pa,1l, - HOHOBl1TH (Y3 Kapry HJlH BHJJ:coKacc1),) nOJIoJKaj IT npHpOlJ.HOreof.-. pacKe KapaKTepHcTHKe HCTOQHe A311je. AH
138

139

J]:pyni KopaK

I rpyna

-<1>opMHpaUl rpyne 3a caMOCTanaH pa,U.

Ha ¢H3Hl.JKO-reOrpa¢cKoj KapTH JarraHa yrrl{IIIH OKeaH H Mopa Koja 1'a

-<1>opMHpaTH xeTeporeHe rpyrre, aKO je Moryne, He BI1IIle O,U rpynH, fIo;mjCJ1l1TI1 o1l1CTl1ne, KapTe, mlOBKe.

5 YQeHI1Ka y

TpclllllwpaK

OKP),)Kyjy. KaKO ce y O,UHOCY Ha cyHue Ha311Ba JanaH? Ha KOjy eBponcKY 3el\L'by npeMa CBOMe l1o.'IO)l(ajy rro,Ucjella JanaR?

- Y nYTcTBa 3a pa,n rpyna.

KaKaBje reo1'pa¢cKH rro,'Io)l(aj JarraRa?

- Ynyrcma Mopajy 6rrnljacHa M Tpe6a ce 3HaTH BpeMeHcKH OKBlip.

.IJ:a J111 je reorpa¢cKH nono)l(aj yfHuao Ha Pa3BOj JanaIIa? KaKo?

IkmpTll KOpaK: -CaMOCraJlaH paJ~ no rpynaMa. -CllH y rpynH ce yrro3Hajy ca 3a,UaTKOM I{ CBI{ ra caMOCTa.;mo pjewaBajy. fiocJl!1je 3aBpillcHor pa,Ua ,UHcKyryjy, Y'!eCHHUH pa3Mjelbyjy MHllL'belba, Dl1wy Te3e H 3allHCjjy OHO illTO EM HHje jacHO.

ITnll KOpal( -fbBj CWTaB,llLe rpYl1a.

-Ha naHOY, CBaRa rpYlla !i,\ia Ben nprmpCMJbcHy KapTy pa3J!H'Unml ca;J,p)Kajcj',1.

ca

-Ha 'leTl1pH llaHoa ce I1CIlI{Cyjy fJIaBHe Te3e CBor 3a,UaTlCa. CBmw rpyna BpUIl1 npC3CllTatlHjy CBor paga. Beo)'1a je Ba)KllO ga CBe rpyne CJlyIIIajy je,UHI1 ,'(pyre H ila Y'lCCTByjy y pa,Uy.

illecTll I;:opaK: -ITocJl!ije npe3eHTI{palba CBor pa,Ua, 110ivlOny Bell rrpHIlpeMJbeHe KapTe ]analla CBaKa rpyrra cycjewmj rrOCTaBJba mrralba. CCilMH KOpal( - ITo~1Oliy CD-a, BH,UeO-KaceTe HnM ,Upyror ,U11,UaKTWIKor Marepl{jana HCTanH, y3 nOl'vlOn HacTaBH11Ka, HajBIDKHHjc KapaKTep11cTHKe JanaHa, HolH nOMOny Ben nplmpeMIbeH11X Jarratry.

KBM3

flHTaIba npoBjepHTH Koja cy 3Halba YCBojeHa 0

Y CSl1M KopaUHMa, HaCTaBHl1K je aKTI1BaH CYJ.\HOHI1K, KOjH nOMIDKC, OTKJlalba np06JleMe 11 MOTHBHwe Y'ICHl1lW y IbHXOBOM caMOCTa.;lHOM paJ.\Y.

140

141

II rpYl1a Ha ¢H3l1'IKO-reOrpa¢cKoj KapTIJ: JanaHY jTIHiliH qeTHplJ: HajBena OC1'pBa. lllTaje KapaKTepl1CTHKa peJbe¢a Janaua'7 KOjli eIIHpOreHH nOKpeTH HMajy BeclHKH 3Haqaj Y :lKHBOT)' JarraHa? KaKBa je KJ1HMaTCKa p3311HKa I13Mel)y cjeBepa Hjyra JarraHa? KaKaB 3Haqaj liMa Mope y :lKHBOry CTaHOBHHKa Janana (IryHaMH), IIITa O,I1)lHI<)je pje'lHY Mpe:lKy JarraHa?

142

In rpyna KojH JJ,lfO JanaHa je Hajrywl1e, a KOjH Hajpjelje nacecbeH H 3amTo? .J:a 1111 je npoI.(ec ypramnaI.(Hje rrocJTHje .upyror cBjeTcKor paTa KapaKTepHcTHKa JanaHa? Ha KOM OCTPBY cy HajBehH rpa,n:ODlr? Koju cy? Ymmm HX Ha Kapnr. Do 'leM)' je y cBHjeT)' rr03HaTO CTaHOBHHWTBO Janmm? '1era cy ce O!J,peKJIH JarraHI.(H rrocJTFrje !J,pyror cBjeTcKor paTa?

143

IV rpyna ,D:a JTH je JanaH n03HaT no PY,L\HOM 6J1ary 11 eHepreTCKOM nOTeHlJ,l1jany? '1eMY je n03Jlara nOJbOnprlBpe,L\a Jana!{a H Koje cy HajBaJKHl1je nOJbOnpfiBpe,nHe Kymype? Ha OCIIOBY '1craje JanaH BHCOKO pa3Bl1jelIa HHJJ:YCTpHjcKa 3eMJba? Kojnje Hajpa3BHjCfUljl1 ):lIlO Janaaa? 3arrrro? O,n qera 3aBl1CH npHBpC).\HH )I\HBOT JanaHa?

no

\Et

Juino

~l

Kukuruz

v.tx:.€

VELltlNA GRADOVA:

•

100 000 - 600 000

o

500 000 -1 000 000

o

, 000 000 - 5 000 000

o

vise 0<1 5 000 000 staoovnlka

INOUSTRlJSKA PROIZVOONJA U

~,.:

I1H,nycrpl1jcKe pemje JanaHa

ilpl1Bpe).\Ha (nOlliOnpI1BpCJJ:Ha) !CapTa Jana!m

144

145

EII:J"h3H3

30paH

DOTaKH)'TH YlfeHHKe ,n:a ce rrpHcjeTe jorn HeKHX 6HTHJ1X JIUqHOCTH Y HCTOPHjH Koje cy H3YMH:
EYlmliemdi, HaCTaBHHK JIHKOBHe Ky!I"rype

Endi, lIIKOJICKH Ha,L(30pHHK

TIpSH KOpal( rrpC,ll,CTamha yno,n: y TCMY Kp03 o6jarrTibeThe nojMa ,D;OMI1HAHTE

Y JIHKOBHOM

)],jeJIY H UITa OHa rrpe,nCTanJba Y O):IHOCY Ha CBaKH

nHKOBHH eJIeMCHT l1oje'[(FfHil'lHO.

APyrH KopaK ne 6rfTH Be3a ca npeTXO;lHO o,n:pel:jeHOM jC,n:HHHIIOM H MOTllBHMa KOjU he 6rfTH 3a)J,aHH y3 TeMY 0 npBOM JICT)', 0 TOMe KaKO cy

PA,1J;HOHHll,A H3 JIIIKOBHE KYJITYPE

H3YMHTeJbH rpa,nerm CBOjy BH3Hjy, 6HJIH HceBjeCHI1 JJ:a Ta BH3Hja MHjefba Blf3Hje ,Ua

6u

HaCTaBa 61'IJIa KBaJIHTeTHHja, aTMoc¢epa y pa3pCJ\Y npnjaTHHja n

pa,uHa, Y'IeHHIl,Ii Tpe6ajy 6HTH aKTIiBHIi CY)],IiOHHIl,H Y HaCTaBHOM nponccy. HmepaKTHBHH npHCyYn nOTWIe IiH,n:HBH,L(YaJIHe cnoco6HOCTH Y'leHHKa H fbHXOBY KpCaTHBHOCT. Pa3BHjajy ce HaBHKe CJIYIllarba ,L(pymx, rrpHXBaTalf>C )]'pyralJHjer MHlIIo'befba, KoonepaTHBHOCT, KpeaTHBlIO MHIllJbCILe H )],p.

H

nope,n:

Tora UITO cy y'reHl1Il,H Ha 'lacoBHMa JIHKORUe KYo,yYpe y pa.n:y caMOCTaJJJUl, nocTojH llCJIHKa :VlOrynHocT capa,n:Fbe (HeMa H30JIOBaHHX). YqemmH ce MOTHBHlllY H3 P33MHIIL'bafbe H l13HOillefbe CBOjHX CTaBOBa. CTelJCHa 3Hafba Ha oBaj HaqtIH ,n:yrOTpajH11ja cy 11 rrpmfjefbIiBa y

JJ:pyrHX H MHjefba UHjeJIH cBHjeT. DOl;:a3aTH ¢oTorpaqmje H npOTOTHDOBe aBIiOHa Kp03 HCTOPl1jy. YO
ll.MJbEBH Y TOKY OBor 'laca Y'IeHHI.J;H ne: Ca3HaTH 0 jOIll jCJJ:HOM Hil1:JCny KOMnOHOBaH,a,

CBaKo.n:eBHOM )jCIiBOyY. Dope)], yo6IfqajeHHX MeTo,n:a pa,n:a Ii OBO je je,n:Ha o,n: -

MorynIiX. P3,l\HOHHIl,a ce Pa)J,H )]'Ba qaca.

ynoTpHjc6HTH TO Ha
IIPBH'lAC

pa3paJJ:HTH BjCIllTHHY nnaHHpafba Ii ,n:orOBopa y rpynH,

IX

Pa3pe,l\: Trrrr
o6pa,n:a HOBOI' rpa)],HBa

n060o'blilaTIi MeDyc0611J KOMYHI1KaL\IIjy,

HaqeJIa KOMnOHOBafba; JJ:OMHHaHTa

HHTerpHcaTH yqeHHKe ca noce6HUM rroTpe6aMa,

,I:(oMHHaTa Kao YCJIOB nOBe3IiBafba Pa3HOP0,iJ,-

cn03HaTU KOJIHKO je'[(HO OTKpune MO){(e npoMHjemrHf CBUjCT,

HHX eJIeMeHaTa "JeJJ:pmIIiua", ",I:(BOKPHJIaU", "lllapeHa KplL'la

HCTaKr-ryTH Be3Y I13MCl:jy HaYKe Ii YMjCTBOCHI.

TEXHHKA U MATEPHJAJI

aBIiOHa JIenTHpa"

nPEfJIE,[(

TexHlm:a

Ha OBOM
.. Pap' he ce 06aBJbaTH KOM6HHOBaHOM TeXHHKOM.

CKJIa):(HY JIHKOBHy KOMno3IiUIijy Ii Koja TO eBe HaqeJIa Ii npaBmIa )'TIiqy Ha fbeHO rpaljeH>e. JeI\HO 0)], THX Ha
MaTCpujaml .. HajJlOH, KapTOH, narmp, JICTBHL\e, KOH3epBe, aJIYMlrmljYM, Jbemmo, wapa¢Ii, ){(Iiua, CHJIK, Illnara. TeMnepa 6oje, 6e36ojHu narc

KOH¢m!KTa VJUJ. KOHYpaCTa KOjH '[(OMHHHpajynoM DojaBoM BO,[(H Ka xapMoHHjH

H paBHOre)KH.

3a rljeJIOBHT pa)], 6Hhe nOTpe6Ha ,n:Ba qaca, TaKO ,n:a he OBa

. llpeAJIOIIuJ,U " rrpC,n:J1OIllii~~~cyy: BH,n:y ¢OTQrpa¢nja HJIH MOJJ:eJrapCKHx CKHI(a 3a

pa,[(HOHlIua HMaTH JIRa J\HjeJIa.

H3paJJ:Y ~BffoHa H31)eIi:IfJ<'yeHl~nKJIOrreJJ:njn H Mo,n:eJIapCKHM qaCOnHCIiMa.

CYrECTHJA ilOBe33TH rrojaM )],OMHHaHTe ca cBaKo,n:HeBHHM )KHBOTOM H rrHTaTH yqeHHKe Aa JlH je oHaj KOjH ,n:oMHHHpa y ,npyIllTBy H HOCHJIau pjerneJhil HeKO' KOI-Hp;rrUITa. llITa ce ,n:ernaBa ca JIWIHOCTHMa Koje ,n:oMHHl1pajy y JJ:PYlliTBY? HamaCHTH il:a I\OMHHHpaTH He 3Ha'm H B;laJJ:aTH. HarJIaCHTH BIDKHOCT J\OMllHHpajynHx JIH'lHOCTH Y HCTOPHjIi,

146

Kao

lIanoMcIIa:Y9:t\HHUUlYla j~ mi npcTXo,n:HOM qacy cyrepHcaHO JJ:a )],OHecy OBe MaTeIJI1iarre, arrH HCTO TaKO ,n:a rrpHp.oJJ:ajy jOIll HelllTO no BJIaCTHTOM fl36QPY· - .

rnTO cy 6IiJIH 6pana PajT.

147

TIPOUEJJ:YPA 1.

HanOMCHa

Yrryre 3a OBY pa,L(I1OHl1llY Y CMHC)IY npH6aBJbalba MaTeplljaJJa II Ha3HBa TeMe ,l\aTe cy yqeHHl~HMa jOlli Ha npeTXO,l\HOM qacy KaKO 6ll ce ylleHll~H

a,l\eKBaTHO MOfJll1 rrplmpeMHTH.

Y KOM6HHoBaHHM o;:tieJbelbIIMa, KaKBa cy Hawa nOTpe6HO je rroce6Ho BO,l\llTH palJYHa 0 KOHl\errl\HjH qaca KaKO 6.11 ce rroTpe6e CBHX Y4eHHKa MOrJIe 3a):lOBOJbHTll.

2.

CyrepHcaHo je ,Ua y eHl.\HKJlOne):lHjaMa, qaCOnHCHMa, CD-oBHMa, MY3ejy, y4eHH~H 1131)y HelliTO 0 Pa3BOjy ~HBHJ1HOr Ba3):1yxonrroBCTBa.

TIPOUJEHA

3.

ilpBil 'lac 6Hhe I1CKOpHlllTeH 3a npBe ,UBHje
EBaJIyaIJ,Hja npBor ,nHjeJ1a pa,na Tpe6a )J.a 6YJ],e rroTH~aj yqeHH~HMa [(a

KOHCTpYKl\llje H rroje):lHHHx ):IHjenoBa.

HaCTaBe ca cBOjOM aKTHBHOCTll y cMjepy KaKO cy nOqenH. Pe3YJIT3TH rrpe3eHTO-

4. JJ:pym 4ac 611he HCKopHillTeH 3a ClOIamUbe KOHCTpYKl\Hje H
5.

Wapalbe. ilpe[( Kpaj ):Ipyror ,LI,l'u eJla, HajycnjcmIje paiJ;OBC, no H360py Ilpe,l\CTaBHHKa CBalCe rpyne, npflllpeMHTI1 3a H3J10iK6y y xorry WKone.

BaTH Ha n04eTKY JJ:pyror 'laca a CBll yqeHHKe nOXBaJIHTH 33 aKTHBHOCT.

HanOMCHa OujelbHBafbe y OBOM ,l\HjeJIY pa):la HHje 3aBprnHll )J,HO BpeJ],HOBafba. Y

6. ilocTaBIzy 113J10iK6e he YPa):\HTH yqeHHl.\ll JIHKOBHe CelCl\llje.

TOKY pa):(a 6Hne OLlHjefbeHH II 33 ,l\pym ):IHO Ilocna. Y4CHllKe Tpe6a 60):lPUTll H HCTHL(aTI1 KaKO eBe OHO WTO ypa,i\e .lIMa BpHje)lHOCT 11 BMmo je yqernl1e CBUX

HanOMlma

no,njc,nHaKO, bl1THO je YOCJl:iTll aKTHBHOCT CBax Y'IeHl1Ka Iloje,l\HHaqHO, a He

TeMa y Be311 C l1pBHM neTOM je o):(a6paH3 360r TOra WTO je y TO BplljeMe npOCrraBJbaHO

100

rG):(l1lta

}LUX Kao rpyrre.

0):( npBor neTa 6pane PajT Y KHm XOYKY, HOBa

Kapomma, H Y CBHM CBjcTCKHM MY3ejllMa

mj

):IaH je 06HJbe)KeH HCKOM

3aHHMJbllBOM TeMaTCKOM nOCTaBKOM (H3~10)K6oM).

MOJJ:I1I1KAIJJUE 3A wyrALf.I1JE Y'IElbE

HC1W~M YQClha to

OBOM pa):ll:iOHHL\OM yqeHHl\llMa je oMoryfleHo )la rrpOWHpe 3Halhe H3

o6rracTl:! YMjeTHocTH, MO,llerrapCTBa, TeXHaKe II HaYKe; .. Yl103Hajy ce ca CYWTIIHOM ,l\OMIIHllpajyl1llX 06JUIKa y illIKOBHOM ,njerry; .. pa3BHja ce ICOHCTPYKTllBHCTl:i4Kll l:i opraHll3aL\HjcKll CTaB;

3a )ljCllY ca nocc6HHM l101'pcoaM3 ..

Y I1oje):lHHHM oroeJbefbHMa I10CToje roel\a ca Iloce6HllM. rroTpe6aMa na je Y TOM CMllCJ1Y I1oTpe6HO o6pan!TII I1MGbY Ha fbllXOBO Y4ewl1c a ,l\onpHHOC OBoj paAHOHlll.\H.

..

YKJbY4llTH llX Y rpyny KOjy eaMH o):la6epy.

..

OpraHH30BaTH yqeHHKe y rpynH TaKO ,i\a llM Mory IlOMaraTH IlpH

•

paAY. Oxpa6pllT.I1 fbHXOB pa,U npe,U ,i\pyrHM y'reHI1L\llMa.

• n060JbWaBa KOMYHHKaL\Hja Me!)y QjlaHOBHMa rpyrra; e pa3mrja I1HTCPaKTIIBaH O):lHOC 113Meljy rpyrra;

.. n060JbWaBa ce MOTOpH.Ka, pa3BHja rrpeua3HocT; .. n06y1)yje ce KpeaTllBHOCT H llHOBaTOpCTBO; e pa3BHja ce ceH3H6rrrrHTeT rrpeMa ):Ijel\H ca Iloce6HHM rroTpe6aMa.

HanOMCHa ITpeMa I1CKYCTBY y OBOj pa,i\110HUL\11 nOCTllrH)'TO je OQeKUBaHO, aTMOC
3a Ha~apcHy )ljCIIY

TOKY pa):la.

• Y CBaKOM O)ljeJbefbY nocTojl1 ):IBoje - Tpoje Ha,napeHe ;:tiel\e . .. ilOTaKHYTI1 }IX ,Ua cBoje l1)J,eje OCTB3pe 3aje)lHll4Kll Y je,nHoj rpyrrH 6e3

MJBOPIf CA IfHTEPHETA

TaKMIFrapClwr CTaBa . .. Tn yqeHHl\II h~ BjepOBaTHOCBoj):lHO nOCJra 06aBllTII rrpIIje CBllX, 3aTO llX Tpe6a HaKOH Tora YICbYQI1TH Y ):Ipyre rpyne .n:a .n:onpHHecy pa.l\Y

• The Wright Brothers The Invention Of Th-e Areal Agewww~nasm.si.edu

CBOjHM II):IejaMa.

.. Encarta Encuclopedia

,

.. Y cMjepaBaTHlf>HlWBY eHepriljiy KpeaTIIBHl)M CMHCJIY II rrOTHl\aTH HX

www.microsoftencarta.com '~_ - . _ .. Microsoft Office Ti"aining Resources www.micr:osof!5.comleducation

,l\a 6yAY capa:):IHI:IiilI,aJleBo~e: .

HanOMcna Y OBO yrra3e II pa3HU MO):lerrapCKll

qaCOrrHCH~

kao

llKIh~e_o aBllja~l1jll

Koje cy KOpl1CTl1nH yqeHIUl;II y TOICY rrpurrpeMe 3a'1ac.-

148

149

TEXH11KA 11 MATEPHJAJII1

wyrnqAC HaCTaBHa je)lHHlma:

KOMlT03HU}fja H ,llOMHHaHTa y JIHKOBHOM ,rtieny (ilpyrH JJ:HO)

Te:num:a

TEn qaca:

HaCTaBaK pa.n:a Ha 33,ll3Hy TeMY

Pa;:( ce pa;:(11 KOM611HOCaHOM TeXHHKOM.

TeM3:

gOMHH3HTa

MaTcpHjaJIIf

MOTHBH:

"Je,llpHJIHIl,a", "gBoKpHJlau", "llIapeHa KpIma

Pa3He cpCTe rrpHpO;:(HIIX H cjeUITa'fKIIX MaTeplijana, 60je, 6e36ojHl1 naK,

aBHOH3 JIeITTHpa"

KHCTOBH H qCTKC 3a 6ojelhe, llI:-mpr:r narmp, ymmep3aJTHO JbCrrHno.

ITPErnE,Il, Pa,1.\ Ha

OBOM

'racy he H ,ll
rrpe,1.\CT3B""3 gOMHHAHT A Y jCilHoM ;1HKOBHOM ,IJje;lY Ii KOJIHlCO je OHa 6HTHa 33 rpalje1he nHKOIlHe ujeJ1HHe. PaX( he 6HTH HaCT3BaK H3 npeTXO,1.\Hy
ITPCg.l0 IIHUI CKHua pa;:(a, I13paljena KOHCrpYKUHja H WrjCJIOBl1 Mogena. HanoMCHa TIpe;:(:IOIlIUH KOPHIllTCHH 3a H3pa;:(y CKHua HaBe;:(eHH cy y npBOM ;:(IIjeJIY pa,llHOlfHIl,e.

HanOMcna Y'leHHKe je rroTpe5Ho rrO)lcjeTHTH Ha nnaH
IIPOIJ,E)J,YPA L Y1.JeHHIl,H cy ;:(OHHjenH H3pa1}cHY KOHCTPYKUHjy

'lnaHOBHMa rpyrre.

2.

II

H

rroje;:(HHatlHe

;:(HjenoBe MoX(ena, H3pal)eHe Ha npBOM ;:(HjeJIY pam10Hl1ue. ITo I1peTXo;:(HoM pacnope;:(y OpraHIf3aIl,Hje pa.n:a "InaHOBa y rpyrrH,

tUfJhEBM

CBaKO je

- Ha OBOM qacY)l'IeHHIl,H ne ytIBpCnfTH YCBojeHe lTojMoBe 0 ;:(OMHHaHTll

"lJTaHOBHMa rpyne.

KOMlT03HUHjU Y mrKOBHOM IJjeny,

H3palJHBao

CBOj

;:(HO,

O;:(pe;:(IlJUf

cy

KOHcymyjynH KOjl1 ne

ce

ca

OCTfulHM

611TH ;:(oMHHHpajynl1

eJIeMeHTH, y 60jH HnH 06JlH!(Y, Ha 1hHXOBOM roTOBOM MO,Ll,eny.

- npaKTHqHO Hcrrp06aTll Ha'lenO ;:(OMllHaHTe Kp03 Mo;:(enOBa}be, pa3BHjanr H BjelK6aTH MOTOPlih')',

3.

3aBpilleHe )lHjenoBe, ca KOHCTPYKUHjOM, qjeJIHHY, Tj. rOTOB MOllen aBHOHa.

- y'lBpCTIrTH CTaBOBe y opraHH30Ba1hY,

4.

Ha
- rrpo;:(y51lTH KOMYHHKaUHjy Meljy t.IJfaHOBHMa y rpymr, - 11060JbIIlam KOMYHHKaUHjy ca X(jeuoM ca 110Ce6HllM nOTpe6aMa, - pa3BHjaTH cOJlHnapHOCT, - 11011ITOB3m ryl]e CTaBOBe

If

MI1IIIJbe1he,

- 110;:(CTaKH)'TH Be3Y ca HaYKOM H YMjeTHollIhy, - pa3BHjam BOJlOHTepCTBO

5. 6.

Kp03

;:(06POBOJbHH

7. pa;:(

ca

rpyrra je YKJIOrrHna y

fpyrraje H3a6pa.1a npe;:(CTaBHHKa 3a CBOjy npc3eHTaU11jy. 'lrraHoBH rpyrre cy npe3elfTOBa",11 rOTOBe pa;:(OBe y3 KpaTKy HarrOMCHY o rpa3aMa pMa H O,Zl",yqeHO je ;:(a CBH PMOBH HJ:(y Ha H3nO)!(6y. g06POBOJbHO cy ce jaBHnH y'leHHIl,H 3a PM Ha H3JIO)!(6n.

'lnaHOBHMa

nHKOBHe ceKUHjc y rrOCTaBUH H3nQ)K6e.

MO,Il,HHKAIJ,YfJA 3A ,Il,PYfNIHJE Y4El:bE

ilPSll

KopaK ,IlaHallI1her qaca rrpegCTaBJba C),beiJ,enii KopaK y II3pa;:(H

Mo;:(eJIa aBliOHa. YqeHHIl,H cy HarrpaBHnii KOHCTpYKUllje II noje;:(11He ;:(HjeJIOBe

3a .Ltie~y

ca nocc6mIM nOTpc6al\ta

- aBHOHa. Y rrpBOM KopaKY ne 60jHTH gIIjenoBe Ha Ha1.JIIH KaKO TO OHH caMH

Y pa;:(y rpyrre,yqeHHIl)I' cy ce conH;:(apHcarlH, 110MaraJIH H pa;:(11JIa Ha

0.z:ra6epy, TeMnepa 60jaMa mIH HeKHM ;:(pyrHM. - .II:pyrH KopaK rrpenCTaBJba CKnal1a1he KOHCTpYKIl,Hje H ;:(11jeJIOBa aBHOHa y

HHTerpaIl,11jil' yqeHHKa eanoce6HHM 110rpe6aMa. THMC ce rro;:(H3ao HHBO pa3YMHjeBa1ha, T0HepaHUHje H KOMYIIHKauHje Meljy CB11M qnaHOBHMa, a

je.n:If)' rljeJIHIf)'. '. TpeliH KopaKje JIaKIIpmbe 11
l1oce6fio rrpeMa)rqeHII~Hiv13: ca noce6HIIM rrorpe6aMa.

- qeTspTH KopaK 06YXBaTa KpaTKy rrpe3eHTautljy 3aBpllIeimx pa;:(OBa y3 o6pa3no)!(e1he rrpel1CTaBHHKa rpyrra H MlillIJbe1he 0 HaLinIf)' pa;:(a. lleTH KOpa!(je pa,iJ: nHKOBHe ceKutlje Ha rrOCTaBUH 113J1Q)K6c.

3a Ha,uapcnyiijcu;y Ha.n.apeHa Y'ler1HUH cy· HManH rrpHJfHKe ga cBOjHM KpeaTHBHHM 11 KOHCTpyKTlfBHIIM -caBJeT!fMa', IlO,Ll,CrrjellIe KBamnCT pa,1.\a. H>HXoBa eHepnrja Mopa 6HTH' BoljeHa y:ror
150

151

TIPOll,JEHA rrpO~eHa

TOKa pa,na R KBaJlI1TeTa pa;a:OBa.

H.rmjana BII.lI.aKOBI:I.D., fllKOJICKH Ha.;a:30pHHK

l1CXO,IU1 YlIEH>A - OBOM pallJiOHlilJ,OM yqeHRlJ,R cy YQBPCTl!J1H 3Hafhe 0 L\OMHHaHTH KaO Ha'J.eJIY KOMrrOHOBalha y JIliKOBHOM L\lijeny, - npOnmpl111ll fll1paKTll'IHO yfBp;a:rVm: 3Halbe 0 aBHO MOL\eJIapCTBY, - pa3BHjanH MOTOPHKY H npelJ,H3HoeT, - rrpO).(y6!1J1H ocjenaj 3a opralU!3alJ,njy TliMCKOr pa.;a:3., - Pa3BHjaJIHKOMYHHKalJ,Hjy y rpyrIH 11 npOL\y6JhHBaJIH Meijyeo6He OL\HOee, - yHyrap rpyne rrp01\y6JbJ:IBanli oejenaj 3a KpcaTHBHocT li liHoBaTopcfBo, rrOTnOMO[J1H HHTerpalJ,fljy 1\jelJ,e ca noee6HHM rrOTpe6aMa yHyTap rpync, - Pa3BlijaJ!l1 ocjeliaje eOJll1,i.I,apHOCni H TO;1cpalIlJ,Hje.

I1pe.ll.MeT: Pa3peJ(: HacTaBHa 06JIacT: HacTaBHa jeAHHHlJ,a: THrr 'J.aca: 06;1HKpa.;a:a: MCToAepa.;a:a: HaCTaBHa cpeAcTBa: :Ul1Jb 'J.aca:

HanOMeHa I1PC,l.l)10)Kl1TH Y'lCHHl\l1Ma ,2.(a, 3ajc;a:Ho ca 'maHOBHMa JIHKOBHe ceKl\uje, rrOeTaBe H3JImK6y.

H3BOPH Y OBOM L\l1jCJry pa1\HOH111-\e KOpl1illTelIH cy HeTH H3BOpU Kao y rrpeTXOAHOM Al1je;1Y, a TO cy: I13BOPH ea mrrepHeTa 0 6pahH PajT, www.nasm.si.edu Encuclopcdia Encarla, oBaj f'ryT y npollIHpcHOM H3)l,aIhY 2004. Microsoft Office Training Rcsources www.microsoft.com/education IliTaMna H3 06JIaCTH MO):lcnapcfBa.

MY3H'J.Ka Kymypa

IX CrrYfllaIhe MY3HKe «TpaBlljaTa» 1'>Y3erre BepAI1 oopa.;a:a HOBOI' rpaL\I1Ba I1HTepaKTI1BHH paLl L\CMOHCTpaflHje H pa3rOBOp yu6eHHK MY311'J.Ke KY;1TYpe, KaceTO
r.'laBHII KOpaIJ;H: 1. TIpHnpcMHe aKTI1BHOCTlI HaCTaBUHKa rrpHje 'J.aca. 2. YBoljeIhe yqeHHKa y paJ(UOHHflY. 3. opMHpalhe rpyrra (4 rpyrre) y3 ynyTc 3a paJ(. 4. CaMocTanaH paJ( Y'J.eHHKa y rpynaMa 5. TIpe3eHTafluja CBHX pe3ymaTa rrpeA flHjeJIlIM oAjeJbeIheM. 6. EBaJIyaflHja. IIpBH KopaK: I1pHrrpeMa aKTUBHOCTH HaCTaBHI1Ka npHje HaCTaBe. HaCTaBHUK je rrpHnpeMHO AULIaKTH'J.Kl1 MaTepujan rroTpc6aH 3a peanH3alJ,Hjy HaCTaBHe jeAHHHfle . .II:pyrll KopaK: YBoijeIhe Y'J.eHHKa y paLl110HHflY. HacTaBHHK he YKpaTKo yno3HaTl1 Y'l.eHHKe ca )!(HBOTOM H .ujeJIOM n. BepLll1ja, J(aTH KpaTaK CaAp)!(aj orrepe. Ha Ta6ny HCITHCaTli fllTa ce cnyflla H3 onepe: 3J(paBHlJ;a H3 I 'J.HHa, ApHja )l(epMoHa H3 II'IHHa, ):(yeT Arr0pMupaIhe rpyrra (4) y3 YHYTe 3a~paJ(. fpxrre cy
152

153

YqeHHKC yrro3HaTH ca rpyrrHl1M 3a,UaU}fMa H rronjC.rIHTH panHH MaTcpHjan. 1.JC'rBpnl lWplHe CaMOCTa.naH pan YQCHl1Ka rro rpYlIaMa TOKOM caMOCTwlHor Y'lCrmqKOr pa,na Y OKIlHpy rpyne, HaCTaBHHK 06HJJa3H rpyrrc, 11 aKO jc HOTPe6na nOM on, rrpY)Ka je. lIen! ImpaK:: npC3CHTaLUIja rpyrra JeilaH yqCHHK H3 rpyne npe3eHryje pe3YJITaTe pana. Ta'lHe O,[(fOBOpe HaCTaBHHK 3amrcyje Ha LlIKOJ1CKOj Ta6JIH. ffiecTII FWpaK:: EIlanyaD;Hja Ca YlJeHHL\HMa rrpct1H CBe TaQ"HC o,UrOBope Kojrr ce HaJla3e Ha LlIKOJICKOj Ta6m, H Hperr031·ranl CIYLlIaIf,C nHjeJIOBa onepe "TpaBHjaTa". HanOMeHa: ll:OK pane y rpynaMa, yqeHHD;H CJTYLlIajy ,IUljeJTOBe onepe "TpHBHjaTa".

lffiTBPTA rPYIIA - pa,nH Ha RHBOY CHHTe3a H eBaJlyarUija. 1. IToKYLlIajTe o6jaCHIfTI1 CneD;H<{lH
IDITAIbA mBA fPYlIA - panrr Ha HHBOY 3HaIf,a H rraMneIf,a. 1. Kalla qyjcTe OBY KOMrr03HllJ'tiy, 3anHLlIHTe 0 KaKIloj je MY3HD;H pHje'1, (3a6aBHa, ue3, onepa). 2. Ko je KOMn03HTOp onepe TpaBHjaTa? 3. JIb KO,lHKO 'lHHOBa ce cacTojH onepa TpaIlHjaTa? 4.I1Merryj Haj3Ha ' lajHHje npe,UCTaBHHKe onepe? 5. Ko je 'bY3crrc BCp,nH? 6.11lTaje IberOBO PCMCK .I\iCJIO?

WyTA fPYlIA - panH Ha HHBOY CXBaTalba H pa3YMHjeBaIf,a.

1. Koje cy maBHC JIH'lHOCTH onepc TpaBHjaTa? 2. HaBcilH pa3JTHKe H3Mel)y KOMH'1HC H Tpam'1He onepc? 3. KaKEo jc JUCJIO onepa TpaBHjaTa? (BoKaQHo. HHcTPYMeHTMHo, BOKMHO-HHcTpYMeHTMHo, MY3H'1KO, cueHCKO, BOfGl;lHO-HHCTPYMCHTMHO, MY3H'lKO-CD;eHcKo) 4. Kalla qyjeTc OBY KOMn03HD;Hjy 3al1I1LlIHTe 0 KaKBoj je MY3I1D;I1 pHje'1? (3a6aBHa, UC3, onepa) 5. ,Ua JIH eTe rne.I\anI1 HJlH CJIyrnMH HeKY onepy HKOjy? 6. Y KOM BpeMeuy ce ,nernaBa pa,UIf,a OBe onepe?

TPEllA fPYlIA - panH Ha HHBOY nprrMjeHe H
2. Koju fJIaCOBH H3Bo,ne nyeT AJl<{lpe,na II BHOJTcie (conpaH, am, Tenop, 6ac)?

,~,

3. KaKBo paCnOJIQ)KCIf,e Y BaMa H3a3HBa nO'1eyaK DlIere?'" 4. KaKaB ocjenaj y BaMa 6y,nH ,UyeT AJI<{lpe,na HBHOJIeTc'? 5. Ko Y'lCCTByjC Y H3Bo1)eIf,Y oncpe? '" 6. Kar
154

155

BjcIK6a «E»

BopRe qeKpJIHja, lllKOJICKI1 Ha,n:30pHl1K

- CC,I.\aM 3a,l.\aTaKa Pa3YMMjcBaIba U CXBaTafha peJIaUl1ja 113Mel)y Benl1'lI1Ha H npuMjenc CTe"IeHOr 3Hafba Y pjcmaBafbY

MareMaTHqKHX 3a,i.\aTaKa -

(6)

H TpM

3a,l.\aTKa CTBapaJla4Kc nprrMjcHc 3Hafba Y pjemaBaIbY MaTCMaTl1qKHX 3a,n:aTaKa - (B); - CC}:(aM 3a,n:aTaKa cTBaparraqXc npl1MjcHc 3Hafba pjcmaBafbY cnoIKclmj11X

HACTABA MATEMATHKE PA3JUPIHTHX HHBOA CJIOlKEHOCTH

y

MaTCMaTI1'lKHX np06"lcMa 11

TpH ,l.\O,D.aTHa 3a)J,aTKa 3a KpCaTI1BHO

I1CnOJhaBafbe

Y'lCHI1Ka. Ka,D. Y'lCHHK Ha npBoM nO,l.\TecTY (I) ,l.\06l1je ,1.\0 25 60.D,OBa, pa,n:l1nc BjC)K6y «A», 6C3 063l1pa Ha pC3ynTaTc Y no,n:TCCTOBHMa II 11 III.

HaCTaBa pmJUFIl1UIX mmoa CJ]()j!(CHOCTH je TeopHjcKI1 3UCHOBUH, CHCTCMaTCKH OpraHii30BaH, ,n:H¢CPCHl.(HPUHH BUCfIl1THO-o6pmOBHU pa,n: HaCTaB!!l1KU H y
Y nO,l.\TeCTY I OC'rBapH 26 liJII1 BMmc 60):(oBa 11 Ha nO,l.\Tccry II 25 60,l.\OBa pa,l.\I1nc BjCIK6y «E».

AKO Y'lCHHK

OflTHM3.JIHY yHyTpallilhy A!1¢CpCHU,lljauruy HllTepaKTl1BllOr YQClba. HaCTUBa pm:Ul'lHTHX miBoa ClOjKCHCCTI1 3aCIllma CC Ha 11l1;'\HBl1,i.\YaJIHHM

OCBOjH,n:O

pmmllca~1a H3Mel)y Y4ellliKa Koje HajBHlllc iWTepMHllllillY fhilXOB ycnjcx Y'lefba.

YKOJ1l1KO yqCHHK Ha nO,Ll,Tccry

Y'lenl1IIIi CC p33J1liKyjy no EHBOHMa Ii crpyKTypaMa 3Hafba 113 MaTeMaTHKe:

no,n:Tecry

II 26

I

oCBOjU

26 MI1 Bl1mC 60,n:oBa 11 Y III,

HITI1 Bl1Ille 60,l.\OBa, 6e3 063Hpa Ha 6poj 60,l.\OBa Y no,n:Tccry

PMl1nc BjC)K6y»B».

n03HaBalbC OCHOBHHX MaTe:VIaTWIKI1X nojMoBa H OfJepaIIHja, p33YMHjeBafhe H CXBaTalbe pe}Jal(l1ja 113Meljy Beo1H'UlHa H rrpHMjcHC CTC'lCHOr 3Hafha y pjcmaBaIbY MaTCMaTWIKHX 3a,l.\aTaKa, CTBaparra'lKa npHMjeHa 3Hafha Y pjclliaBafbY CJIQ)KCHBjHX MaTCMaTH'fKHX np06JIeMa. OBe HH,I.\I1BH,I.\YaJIHC pm;lHKe YTBpljyjy ce npl1MjcHoM ,D.ajamoCTM'lKOr TeCTa HHBoa H CTpyKlypC MaTCMaTl1'IKI1X 3HaIf,a, KOjH ce cacraja 113 TpH

I10,Ll,TeCT

I II III YKYIIHO

a 6 B -

Epoj 3ai\aTaKa

7 5 3 15

Epoj 60,Ll,oBa 3a jC,LI,aHTaqHO pl1jellleH 3aAaTaK

5 7 10 -

YKynHo 60,Ll,OBa

35 35 30 100

I

II

III

Epoj oCBojeHHX oo/.\oBa no

0-25 26-35 26-35

0-25 26-35

*

* * *

nO,l.\TCCTOBHMa

no,n:TeCTa. CBaKI1 nO,l.\TCCT Ca,l.\p)KI1 3aAaTKe 113 jeAHor o,n: npCTXO,l.\HO nOMCHYTMX HI1BOa, Kao UITO je npl1Ka3anO Y cJbeJlelieM npemc):(y:

RIIBO H cTPYKTypa 3HaIha

TIO,n:TCCT

Bjc.lK6a KOjy YQCHI1K pa,l.\11 «A»

«E» «B»

TIOCo1l1jc no/.\jcJIe yqCHHKa y rpync (A, E MI1 B) HaCTaBHI1K KOPI1CTI1 roTOSY Bje)!c6y IL'111 jc CaMOCTaJIHO npnnpcMa. CBaKa BjC)K6a CMP)KI1

I

YTIYTCTBO ,n:aTO y'leHI1Ky ca KOjl1M HaCTaBHHK Tpe6a CC /.\a yn03Ha aKO Hl1jc caM npl1npeMaO BjCIK6y. Ha npBOM "lacy y'1CUMUHMa je nOTpe6no 06jaCHl1Tll npC,I.\CTojcnH Ha'lI1H pa,l.\a. YKOJll1KO jc rrOTpc6HO, HaCTaBHHK ne Y YBO,l.\HOM ,n:l1jCJIY 'laca 06jaCHIiTl1 KJby'lHe nojMoBc HJm YKpaTKO 06pa,l.\HTH CMP)lcaje HeOnXO,l.\HC 3a ,n:3.J'b11 pa,l.\. HaCTaBHI1K tIC nOBpCMeHO rrpYIKaTI1 nOMon yy:eHI1:III1Ma ('lcml1c OHI1Ma KOjH PMc Bjc)lc6y «A»). Ka,n: yqeHllK 3aTpaJKl1 ,l.\O,l.\aTHO 06jall1Ibefhe, HaCTaBHHK My npMa311 11 ca fbl1M I1H,I.\HBI1.n:yarrHO pa,l.\l1. HacTaBHHKOBe aKTI1BHOCTH Tpe6a ,l.\a cy y CIilla,i.\y ca YnyTCTBI1Ma )J,aTI1M y'{eHIiUI1Ma.

CBaKI1 YQeHI1K pa,n:I1nc Ha jeAHoM o,n: TpI1 Tl1na BjcIK611 3aBl1CHO O,D. rrOCTl1fH)'Tor ycnjcxa Ha ,l.\l1jarHOCTl1'IKOM Tec'ly: BjeIK6a «A»

- CC,I.\aM 3a,n:aTaKa n03HaBafba OCHOBHUX Ma:rCMaTl1qKUX nojMoBa l1onepal.(Ifja- (a) 11 Tpl1 3a,l.\aTKa P33YMl1jcBaIha H CXBaTafha pCJral(l1ja J:l3MC~y BCJmQUHa H npl1Mjcnc CTCqeHOr 3Hafha Y pjellianalbY MaTCMaT114K11X 3a,l.\aTaKa - (6);

156

,:~ .. :rOKOMpa,l.\a HaCTaBHI1K ce Tpc6a PYKOBO,Ll,MTI1 'lHIbCHI1IIOM ,n:a je OH opra" .!ll13aTOp pa,l.\a yqCHI1Ka, BaCnl1Taq KOjl1 nO,l.\p.IKaBa 11 YCMjepaBa Y'lCHMKC 11 '.L\irjafHoCTM'lap nojc,n:I1HaQHUX 113ajC,I.\HI1'lKHX nOCTl1fHyna. --. :Y"ICHI1KY cy Ha Kpajy Bjc.lK6e ,n:aTa HCKa 0,1.\ pjcmclt.a 3a,l.\aTaKa (06U'lHO o,n: ,TpM npBa 3aiIaTKa). HCTa"IHO pl1jerncHc 3a,l.\aTKC Y'lCHI1K MQ)KC pjcrnaBaTH cnY5rccnH cc CBCCKOM MH YU6CHl1KOM 11 cn. OBO «,n:onYHCKO» yqe.IbC He ynrqc -Ha npcn33aK Y HCKY ,l.\pyry rpyny. Osaj ,n:O,D.aTHIf pa,l.\ Kao 11 Ha'lIfH opraHI1-

157

BjeJK6a A

30BaI:ba Bpe.n:HOBarba Y'IeIIH'IKHX OlJ:roBOpa I1penyrnTa ce HaCTaBHHK}' y 3aBHCHOCTH OIJ: I:berOBllX crrOC06HOCTH, OIJ:ROCHO KapaKTepHCTtfKa o.!tie~'beI:ba.

l1pe3HMc H 11Me:

KpHTeplljn npCJlaCKa YLICHUKa ca je;nmr Ha IJ:pym (MaIM HJlH Burne CJIo)KeH) Tun BjelK6aIM npHKaJaHje cJbelJ:ehOM TaOeJIOM:

Pa3pe,I:(:

I

THn

Pe3YJ1Tam Bje:lK6aI:ba

Bje:lK6e

(Enoj TaqHO prrjerncHIfx 3anaTaJ
A

I i

I E B

I

0-6 7-10 0-3 4-6 7-10 0-3 4-10

YIIYTCTBO Hape.n:HU Tim BjeJK6e

I

Pa):(Hhem BenH 6poj sjeJK6H. CBaKa BjeJK6a ca~-:(pKH 10 3aHI-iMJbHBHX 3a.n:aTaKa.

A

E

Ka.n: rrpO'lHTam 3a):(aTaK, pa3MHCJlH. vl"3Bpum 3ax1jeB rrOCTaBJ'beH y

A

CBaKOM 3a;J,an:y. AKO ce lpa)KH ,Ua HarrHrnern rrocryrraK mpa,Ue 3a.uaTaKa,

E

)"lHHH TO. AKO ce 1JlaJKH .ua HaBan:ern Ta'lHO pjerneI:be, rrocryTInnern TaKO. G:eCTO hem 6HTH y npHJlHqH ,Ua HaBen:em If MaTeMaTWIKH rrocryTI3K 11 TaLfHO

B

pjemeI:be HCTor 3an:3TKa. IIoHeKa.n: hem n:OnyHHTH 3arro'lery peLfeHHq}' mm H3rrHcaTH KpaTaK Ol(rOBop.

E B

HaCTaBa Pa3JllI'IHTHX HUBoa CJIOJKeHOCTH MOJKe ce I1pUMujeHHTH Ha HaCTaBHHM TeMa~m llJIH MaI:bHM rljeJIHHaMa r.!tie Ha'lHH 06pMe H YCBajaI:ba THX ca.n:PJKaja ):(03BOJbaBa OBaKBY opramnaUHjy H 06JIHK pa.n:a. Y I1pHJlOry je LlaT Mo.n:eJI HaCTaBe PaJJIlf'lHTHr HUBoa CJIOJKeHOCTIf Ha 'lacy MaTeMaTHKe Y OCMOM pa3pe.n:y a O.n:HOCH ce Ha TeM}'

,D;aryM Bje:lK6aI:ba:

JIuma20puHa meopeMa.

Ha

npeTXo):(HoM 'lacy Y'IeHUUU cy ce yrro3HaJIU ca IIHTaropuHoM TeopeMoM U I:beHUM .n:OKaJOM. OBaj 'lac je 3aMHllIJbeH Kao YTBpljHBaI:be TIrx ca.n:p:lKaja.

Ka.u pHjenll1m jcn:aH 3an:aTaK, 3aMom1 HaCTaSHHKa n:a TIposjepH Ta"lHOCT TBor pjerneI:ba. 3a HeKOJ!HKO 3a,L([!TaKa Ta'IHO pjemeIbe je HaSe,I:(CHO Ha .upyroj CTpaHH JUlCTa. CaM ynopen:H CBOj pe3ymaT ca THM pjerneI:beM. Y3 CBaKH caMOCTaJmo H3paljeH 3a;J,aTaK CTaBH 3HaK

+.

AKO )KeJIHrn, MOJKern 3aMOJIHTH HaCTammKa n:a TH TIOMOrHe y pjernaBaI:bY 3a,uaTaKa. HnaK HacToj n:a llITO mUlle ypa,UHrn caM. AKO He 6yn:ern cHrypaH, HeMoj TIHC3TH 6HJIO KOjc pjcllICI:be Hero rrpel)H H3 CJbcn:erlH 3a,L(aTaK. TIoCJmje Tora BpaTH ce H pjemaBaj 3a.uaTKe KOjH cy TH 6mrH HejacHu. To MO:lKellI LfHHHTH ~'3 nO~lOh HaCT3BHHKa H y3 KOpHIUneI:be CBeCKe H yu6eHHKa. Y'leHHK KOJH pHJellIH n:o Ce)13M 3a,UaTaKa, BpHjen:aH je. OH Mo)Ke caM.ua yq~. Ko pnjellIu CBe 3an:aTICe BCOMa je BpHjen:aH. AKo yqeHHK pHjeuIH

I

7 6mro

I KOJHX

3a.uaTaK3, HMahe MoryhHocT )l.a Ha ll.IlYhHM BjeJK6aMa pjemaBa jorn 3aHHMJbHBHje H CJlo)KeHHjc 3a,uaTKC. Can:a DOLfHH n:a Bje:lK6allI. )KeJIHMO TH YCDjernaH pa,U.

1.

O.upen:H xHDoTeHY3Y npaBoyrmIM rpoyrJIOBHMa rrpHKa3aHHM Ha cnHUH.

~

Q

XH[!OTeH)'3a:

0

00

R XIlllOTCHY3a:

XlJIlOTCH)'3a:

XIlIlOTeHY3a:

2. KopHcTenH non:aTlce ea CJlHKe O;1:pe,L(HTYI: a) nOBpllIHH}' KBa.upaTa A, 6) rrOBprnHH}' KBa.n:paTa B, B) 36HP rrOBpllIHIla Ksa.n:paTa A H B,

158

159

r) nOBpllIlIHY KBa,n:paTa C, ,n:) ,n:a JIH je 36Hp nOBpmIIHa KBMpa:fa A II B je,n:HaK nOBpmmfll KBMpara C.

20 em x

a)

P A=

12em 7. IhpaqyHaj KaTery jeL\aKOKpaKOr npasoYfJlOr TpoyrJIa qHja je XIIIlOTCH:y3a 5 cm.

6)

P B=

B)

PA+ P B

r)

Pc=

17 em

B

=

I

J

8. I-!3paqYlIaj nOBplilHHY IlpaBoymor Tpoyma qHja jc xlinoTeHY3a 13 cm HjCL\Ha KaTCTa 12 cm. 9. a) KopHCTenli ,1elhHp H wecTap KOHCTpYHcaTH Tpoyrao L\aT Ha CJUn~lI. 6) KoplIcTcnH yrJIOMjep npoBjepH L\a mi Tpoyrao KOjH CH KOHcrpYHcao liMa l1paB yrao. B) IIpoBjepli L\a JIH Ba)KH IlHraroplIHa TeopeMa 3a raj rpoyrao.

JJ:)

3. J3pojeBIi 3, 4 II 5 Ha3IIBajy ce IIHTaropIIHa TpojKa 6pojeBajep BIDKlI 32+42 = 52. Tpoyrao LUfje cy JJ:Y)lCHHe CTparml..\a 3 cm, 4 cm H 5 cm je rrpaBoyrmi Tpoyrao. KopHCTeim IIu:TaropHHY TeopeMY npoBjepH ,n:a Jill cy ,n:aTH 6pojeBH IlHraropHHa TpojKa: a) 15,20,25; 6) 11, 22, 30; B) 10,24,26. 4. I-bpaqyHaj L\Y)KHHY xHIIoTeHY3e KopHcTenH nOL\aTKe ca CJIHKe. 6)

a)

3em

4em 10. KopHcTerm IlOL\aTKe ca CJIHKe H3paqYHaj 110BpWI-my II 06IIM WKOJiCKOr BpTa.

4m

8em

4m

6em

5. H3paQYHaj XMI10TeH:y3Y rrpaBoYfJIOr TpoyrJIa qHje cy KaTeTe 8 cm H 10

cm. 6. H3paqyHaj KaTery x KopHcTenH IlOL\aTKe ca CJIHKe.

160

PjewClba . fpYl1aA a) XIIIlOTeH:y3a: PR; 6) XIIIloTeHY3a: ZY; B) XH110TeH:y3a: KJ; r) XHIlOTeH:y3a:ST 2 2: PA=lS :::: 225 cm2; PB=8 2 :::: 64 cm2 ; PA+PB= 289 cm2 ; PC=17 2 := 289 cm2 161

2 2 2 B) 10 +24 =26 100+576=676

225+400=625

2 2 6) 112+22 =30 121+484=900

625=625 (TaqHo)

505=900 (HeTaqHO )

3. a) 15 2+202=25 2

;J

676=676 (ralmo)

PjemeH>a [pynaA

1. a) XlfnoTeny3a: PR; 6) XlfITOTeny3a: ZY; B) XlfnOTenY3a: KJ; r) Xl1nOTeHY3a: ST 2 2 2 2 2 2 2. PA=15 = 225 em ; PB=8 = 64 em ; PA+PB= 289 em ; Pc=17 289

=

2

2

2

3. a) 152+20 =25 6) 112+222=30 225+400=625 121+484=900 625=625 (TaqHo) 505=900 (HeTa'lHO ) 4. a) 10 cm 6) c=39 mm

2

2

2

B) 10 +24 :::26 100+576=676 676=676 (TallHo)

5. c""12,81 em; c=2.,J41 cm

6. x=16 em 7. a=

BjeJKoa E IIpe3HMe 11 I1Me: Pa3pe,II,: ~aTYM BjoKOaH>a:

5.fi cm 2

8. a=5 em; P=30 em2

YIIYTCTBO BjeJK6e Koje hem pa,II,I1TH ca,n:p)Ke no 10 3aHHMJbHBHX 3a,n:aTaKa. CBaYJf 3a,n:aT3K na)Kfbl1BO npot:fHT3j, a 3aTHM ra pjem3Baj. 113BpliII1 3axTjeB nOCTaBJbeH y 33,L(aTKyl HeK3,L( ce TproKH ):(a HaBe):(em nocTynaK H3pa):(e 3a,II,aTKa If TaqHO pjeIIlefbe, HeK3,n: caMO pe3YJlTaT, a nOHeK3)X )Xa Hammlern KpaTaK O):(roBOp. Ka,L( pHjernHlli ,n:Ba 3a,n:aTKa, rrpoBjepH Ta'lHocT cBOjHX pe3YJlTaTa. TaIJ:Ha pjemelf.a 3a BenHny 3a.n:aT3Ka naJla3e ce KO.n: HacTamunm, a 3a HeKe 3a.n:aTKe ~,n:rOBopH cy HaBe,n:eIUf Ha .n:pyroj CTpaIlH. Y3 CBaKH caMOCTarrHO Ta'lHO pHJemeH 3a,L(aTaK CTam! 3HaK +. Ha Kpajy Bje)!{6aI'ba nOI{)'maj y3 KOpHmheH>c Yf,loeHT1Ka, CBeCKe H rroBpeMeny HaCTaBHHKOBY nOMOn (KOjy hem rrOHeKa.n: caM TproKIITH) pjemaBaTH 3a,L(aTKe KOjU cy TU 6lUTH He.n:OBO.IT,HO jacHH. Ko pHjeIIIH 7 3a.n:aTaKa, HMahe MOrynHocT ,n:a .n:ool1je jom 3aHl1MJbHBTIjy BjeJK6y ca CnOJKeHl~TIM 3a.n:aIlHMa Koje MOry ycnjeIIIHo .n:a pujeIIIe Haj60JbU Y'l eHTIUYr. Ca,n:a nO'lHH ,L(a Bje)KOam. )KenHMo TU ycnjemaH pa.n:.

1. 113paqyHaj ):(yJKHny xHnoTeny3e KopHcTenn no):(aTKe ca CJHIKe.

10. ~aTY CPlfrypy Ha,II,onyHlf1\lO Ha npaBoynm rpoyrao 'llfje cy ,II,y)KHHe . KaTeTa 4 em. ITPI1Mj.eHOM ITlnaroplfHe TeopeMe Ha TaKO ,II,06lfjeHH rpoyrao H3paqyHaMo xlfnoTeHY3Y:

~ L_____

I

e=85 cm. 0611M: O=(16+8.fi)cm

IToBpmmm: ............ P=P r P 2 =32-8=24 em

2

6cm 2. l-hpa'D'mij..xHnOTCtl}'3y rrpaBoymor Tpoyma 'luje cy KaTeTe 8 cm H 10 cm.

3 .lhpaqyHaJ KaTeT), x KoprrcTehH nO,L(aTKe ca cnHKe.

162

163

HeKa je C Haj.ny)Ka cTpaHHua rrpOH3BOJhHOr Tpoyrna, a a H b cy OCTMe CTpaHHue Tor rpoyrna. AKO je c2=a 2+b 2 , Ta.n:aje yrao HacyrrpOT CTpanuue c npaB. • · c2 AKO Je a + , Ta,naJe yrao HacynpOT CTpaHHue c Tyn.

x

12 em KopuCTenu 110,naTKe ca CJIUKe o,npe,nu BpCry yma HacyrrpoT XHrrOTeH)'3e.

4. 113paqyHaj KaTC'ry je.n:aKoKpaKor rrpaBoYfJIOr rpoyrJla 'llija je XHrroTeH)'3a 5 cm. 5. 113paQyHaj nOBplUHHy l1paBoymor Tpoyr.na cmja je xIIrroTeH)'3a 13 cm

0

~

~3em

5em~

IIjeAHa KaTCTa 12 cm.

~

7 em

Scm

14 em 6em

6. a) KopHcTetll!JlelhHp HlUeCTap KOHcTpYHcaTII Tpoyrao .n:aT Ha CJUIUH.

6) KopHcTetll! ymoMjep npoBjepH .n:a JIH Tpoyrao KOjH CH KOHCTpYIIcao HMa rrpaB yrao. B) IIpoBjepH)lam! BIDKl\ IIuTaropHHa TeopeMa 3a Taj Tpoyrao.

Scm

12 em

6em

11 em

9. J1ecTBe ,nyra'IKe 3,7 m HaCJlOIheHe ey Ha 3llL\ TaKO ,na ey Ha no.ny . y.n:aJheHe 1,2 m o,n 3llL\a. ,Il;o Koje BHCUHe 3llL\a ,nOIUlpy OBe JheeTBe? . 10. Y npaBoymoM rpoymy ABC HaJla3U ee TatJ:Ka M, Koja je 0,[\ KaTCTa AC U BC y,naJheHa 9 em H 40 cm. KOJlHKO je TatJ:Ka M y,naJheHa o,n TjeMeHa C npaBor yrna?

3em

4em 7. KopHcTelil1 nO)laTKe ca CJIHKe H3pa'IYHaj rroBpllllIH)' II 06HM lllKOJICKOr

PjellleIha rpynaB 1. a) 10 em 6) c=39 mm 2. c =12,81 em; e=2.J4! em 3. x=16 em

BpTa.

4m

8. 3a rrpoH3BOJbHI1 Tpoyr<\O BID1Sfi::-- .. . . Haj,n)')Ka c1paHHua ce HMil3H jiacynpOT HajBener yrna; HajKpafia cTpaHuuli ciiIam13H HacyrrpOT HajMaIher yrna.

164

165

I

Pjernefha . [pyna E

Bje)K6a B

11. a) 10 em

Dpe3HMe H HMe: Pa:>pe.D,: ,Il,aryM Bje)K6aroa:

0) c=39 rum 2. c",12,81 em; e=2m em 3. x=16 ern

5.[i

4.a=-- em 2 5. a=5 em; P=30 em2 6. B) 32+4 2=5 2; B3)KH ITHTaropHHa TeopcMa. 7. ,Il,ary rprrrypy Ha,[(onyHrrMo Ha l1paBoyrcm KaTem 4 em.

t

Tpoyrao qI~e cy ,[(Y:IfGIHe

TIpl1MjeHoM TIHTarOplmc TeopeMe Ha TaKO '[(oonjeHrr Tpoyrao

113pa"ryHaMo

XHITOTeHY3Y:

c =: 85 cm. I

06HM: O=(l6+8.j2)cm IToBpUIHHa: ........... . P=PrP2=32-8=24

8. a)

YTIYTCTBO

CaMOCTaJlHO DellI pa,;lHTH nje)K6e Koje ca.D,p)!(e rro 10 HHTepeC<1HTHHX H C,10)KeHHX 3a,[(aTaKa. OnaKBe rrp06neMe MOry ycnjcwHo pjemaBaTH yqeHHlJ,H KOjH cy H
II

cnl

I I

13 2=169

2

B)14 =196 2 2 5 + 12 =169 2 2 13 =5 +122

62+72=85

8 <6 2+72 2

Yrao HacynpoT XI1TIOTeHY3e je rrpaB.

9.

L Ibpa"Ll)'Haj KaTery x KopHCTenH rro,[(aTKe ca cnHKe.

62+112=157 142>62+112

Y rao HaCYTIpOT XllrrOTeH)'3c je OUITap.

Yrao HacyrrpoT

20 em

XHl10TeHY3e je ryrr.

x

h=3,5 m

10.

B

12em d=41 em 2. 113paqyH
A

BpTa.

-~-----------------------------------------~------

4m

4m:

. 166

167

5. 3a npOH3BOJhHH Tpoyrao B3JKH: Haj,L(y)!
PjelUel-ba

fpyna B

5.fi

HeKa je C Ha,L(y)!(a cTpalml(a rrpOH3BOJhHOr Tpoyma, a a H b cy OCTaJIe CTpaHHl(e TOr TpoyrJla. 2 z , yrao Hacynpor crpamule c rrpaB. · c2 A KO Je =a +b , Ta,L(a Je z . Z 2b . A KO Je c a2+)[2, Ta,L(a J. e yrao Haeynpor CrpaHHl\e c ryn.

3. a=5 em; P=30 em2

2. a = - - em

1. x=16 cm

2

4. )];ary
C

= 8..[2 em. 0611M: 0

2

5. a) a)

KopHcTetm nO,L(aTKe ea CJ1HKe O,L(pe,L(H BpCry yma HacynpoT xHnoreH)'3e. 6) B)

~13em

5em~ 12em

7em

Sem

14cm/1

~6cm 6em

=(16 + 8.fi) em

IIoBplUllHa: ............ P=P r P 2 =32-8=24 em

142=196 52+122=169 13 2=5 2+122 Yrao HacynpoT

2

2

6 2+112=157 142>62+112 Y rao HacynpoT

6 +7 =85 82<6 2+72 Y rao HacynpoT

XHIlOTCHY3e je npaB. 6. h=3,5 III

B)

6)

xHIloTeHY3e je ourrap.

XllnOTellY3c je "!yIl. d2=40'+9' d=41 elll

7.

llem

6. J1ecTBe ,L(yra'fKe 3,7 m HaCJlOl-beHe cy Ha 3H,l.( TaKO ,l.(a cy Ha nogy y.l\aJheHe 1,2 m O.l\ 3H.l\a. )];0 Koje BHCHHe 3H,L(a ,l.(OIlHpy OBe JhecTBe? 7. Y rrpaBoymoM Tpoymy ABC HaJla3H ce TaqKa M, Kojaje O,L( KaTeTa AC H BC y,L(aJheHa 9 cm H 40 em. KOJlHKO je ratIKa M y,L(aJbeHa O,L( rjeMeHa C npaBor yrJla?

8. II3pa'-!yHaTH gy)!(HH)' ,L(HjarmUlJIe KBa,L(pa qHje cy gy)!(HHe CTpaHIlI(a 8 em,

9 em H 10 em. 9. Y rpoymy ABC xHrroreHY3a je AB=15 em, Karera BC=12 cm.

Ihpa'-!yHaTH ,Ll,y)l
8. 02=8 2+9 2+1 C

D =7.J5

A 9

cm

10

a·b 9·12 2 TpoyrJIa: P = - - ; P =- - = 54 em . lI3
c·h

= -2-c

.

n0611jaMO he

36

=5

em.

10. Tpoyrao CAM je jenHaKocrpaH~Hll (o6jacm!!) rraje AC =6 cm. _

CB=6.J3em; P=18.J3 em2 ; O=6(3+.[3)cm·-· _ e __ •

'B

..

---

M 60'

6=

60'

C

A

6'm

168

.169

"MexaUHKa", "CHara", ":HHTepaKL\Hja", "TOIIJ10Ta", "rrOJbe", "cTpyja", "T
,LI;ejaH KpymIii, lllKOJICKH Ha,n30PHHK

yqeHliL\HMa, KaO llITO je "rropo)],Hll,a", "IlJKOna" H cn.

HHTEPAKTHBHE METO,Ll;E Y HACTABH """~,JL"L",.LJ Kom~cnrya.rmo

llmIMjep XIfIlOTCTH'lKC KOHuenTl'a.rme Manc

MamfpaIb€

Kao jeAaH OA OpojHHX MCTa;ra pan:a, KOHuemya:lHO MarrHpafbe ~lO)!{e ce e

..
.. .. .. ..

jacHo ,Ue
3a eqmKacHo KopHlliueIbe OBor MeTo.ua pa,'la rroTpe6Ho je rrpH)l.p:a:(aBaTH ce CJbC)l.enHX npaBHJ1a: .. KOPHCTHTH ITamlp 6e3 J1HHHja, .. r.iIaBRy Hl\ejy fUm nojaM rrOCTaBHTH Ha Cpel1HRy i1arrHpa,_ .. rrHcaTH pHjetIH KiTH KpaTKe
170

171

PaLllIOHuqa

MHJlaH Ma.'lHI,Ia,

IIIKOJICKlI HaLl30pHHK I1PBH KOpaK II I10HOBllTH pCnCBaHTHC HaCTaBHC CaLlp)!C, BO,L\cYm pa'lyHa 0 llpC,L\BHljeHHM llCX0tlHMa yqCIM.

nPHMJEHA HHTEPAKTHBHOr MO,11;EJIA YQElliA

,Upyrrr KopaK .. cDOpMllpaTll rpyrrc 3a pa,L\ H o6e36lijC.L\liTIIHM pa.n:HH npocTOp, B nO.L\l1jeJ111Tll rpyn
Pa3PC,L\: HaCTaBHli llpC.L\MC'r: HaCTaBHa jC.L\liHI1ll,a: TIm'laca: 06JIliK patla: HacTaBHc MCTO.L\C: HaCTaBHa Cpe,lJ,CTBa: IJ;HJheBII II 3a,lJ,alJ,II:

I1CTI1 KopaK " I1pc3CHTal.(Hja KOHl.\crnYaJIHHX Marra rrojC,D,HHlIX rpyna, KOMeHTapH yqeHHKa Ha Manc H rrpe3eHTal.\IIjy (CYKll,eCliBHO).

II

KOpeJIall,IIja: BpeMeHcKa ,lJ,HHaMIIKa:

lllcCTH KOPaK II 3aKJbyql1BalhC 'laCOBHC aKTHBHOCTH. • )];)'r1;1o 3aKJbY'lHBalhC (caMO 3a HaCTaBHI1Ka).

VIII pa3pC,D, cDI13l1Ka 3aKoH o,D,p)l(aTha cHepfHjc Y MCXaHlill,li o6patla HOBor HaCTaBHor rpatlliBa ¢poHTanHII, rpymm li IIH,D,liBII,D,yanHII ,D,IIjanoIIIKa, patl ca YI,16CHliKOM II 36liPKOM, rpyrlHa rrpC3CHTall,uja, ,lJ,CMOHCTpall,uja MaKCBCJIOB TO'laK, )I(l!'laHa orrpyra - ,D,a Y'leHHll,H ,D,C¢HHHIIIY CHCPfHjy, - ,D,a rrperro3Hajy Pa3JIH'liiTC 06JIHKC cHcpmjc, - ,lJ,a ,D,C¢HHHIIIY 06mIKC MeXaHH'lKe eHcpfHjc, - ,lJ,a ,D,OK3)I{Y 3aKOH o,lJ,p)!
OpraHH3aUHja H cTpYKTYpa qaca - TOK paLla IIpBH KopaK Y'leHIIlJ,II caMOCTanHO ,{HTajy TeKCT ca cTpaUIllJ,e 81. H 82. HaCTaBHHK cyrepliIIIcyqcHHll,HMa ,D,a ce MapKlipajy Herr03HaTII llojMOBII H HaBe.n:CHH 'o6paClJ,H . . )J,Pyru KopaK ~AHMi-mi CJIHKe ca CTpaHHll,e 81. H TYMa'lelf>e nojMoBa eHeprHja - pa,lJ, EK H E" ..)];ujanor llOMOliy llHTaTha 15. H 18. ca cTpaHIIIIe 83. H3 yI,16eUHKa. . ·:;.Tpelin KopaK J(eMoHcTpaUHja Bje)l(6e ca MaKCBeJIOBIIM TO'lKOM. )];eMoHcTpauujy rpe6a .~Gt ypa)]'e no je,lJ,aH Y'leHHK H3 CBaKe rpyne.

. E1,

172

173

lIeTBpTH KOpaK ,Il,eMoHCTpaL(Hja Bje)K6e ca orrpyrOM. Bje)K6y BpllIe yqer1fIl.:(H Ha Orrp)'3H il3 xeMHjcKe OnOBKe; CBaKa rpyna. lleni KopaK lfIITafbe TeKCTa Ea CTpamII-lIi 83. 113 yu6eHHKa. 06jallIlbefbe rrojMol3a: yHyrparnfba, 3ByttHa, eJIeKTpHttHa, cEjeTnocHa eHepmja, xeMHjcI{a H 6HonOllIKa eHepmja. meeTIJ KopaK AHaJIlI3a pjcruefba 3a.ll:aTaKa 53. ca CTpaHHI.\e 28 H3 36HpKe.

Pa,lUIOHIUJ)l:

HaCTal3HH rrpC,ll,MeT: Pa3pe;J,: THn'mca: I10Ypc6aH MaTepHj
2

mv 0 E:= - - := mgh .

ITpBa rpyrra arr3JIH3I1pa 06pa3aI.\:

2

Mt'yra rpyna aHaJII:I3lIpa: E:= -1 mv A2 + mgh . 2 TIn

Ipena rpyrra aH3JlI13I1pa: .!:..mvJ +mgh

2

1

n

'1eTBpTa rpyna anaJIH3Hpa: E

:= -

2

2

mv B

:=.!:..mv~ +mgh. 2

mgh

+- - . 2

2 . rpyna aHaJIH3Hpa: __ mv mgh mvJ IT. en B +- - := - - + mgh

2

2

VB

2

2

2

==vo +gh.

illeCTa rpyna aHaolH3Hpa:

vB

:=

~(vg + gh).

mv 2 mv 2 Ce,ll,Ma rpyna HaJIH3Hpa: _0_ == _0_ + mgh

2

2

cr---~

Vc =~(vg +2gh). YqeHHI.\H npaTe pjellIefba 3a,L\aTaKa Ha CYpaHHI.\H 79. H3 36I1pKe.

KOPIUllnefbe pjellIefua 3a,iJaTaKa 3a CHCTeMaTH3aI.\Hjy 3Hafua (j)H3HKa

IX CU:CTe;vraTH3aI-lI1ja 3Hafua; npHMjeHa ilHTepaKTHBHor yqefua yu6eHHK (j)H3HKa H 36npKa 3a,l:(3TaKa (CprrCKO CapajeBo, 2003), yqeHHttKa CBCClCa KopHIllnefbe TeopHjcKHx 3Hafba 3a pjemaBafue KOHKpeTHor 3a,L\aTKa, YBje)K6al3atbe yqeHHKa 3a KoplillInefue JIIneparypc, ,ll,y6Jbe pa3YMI1jeBafbe
fnaBHH KopaqH: 1. I10.lIjeJla YQCHHKa y rpyrre .I\O tleTHpI1 yqeHlIKa 2. YI30~:(: Pa"lrOBOp ca yttemnJJIMa H KpaTKa YII)'TCTl3a OKO CJbe.I\enI1X 3axTjeBa - 3a.lIaTaK 49. Ha cTpaHHUH 29 36npKe 3a,n:aTaKa. IIa)!(JhI1130 'II1Tafue 3all,aTaKa. YOtIal3aH"e
.

m

~

Je.lIHHHU;Y ca C, 3a pH I1HCI1CTHpaTI1 .lIa ce ,n:oije,n:o H3pa3a p = - . V 4. IIo.lIje,la [lHTatba no rpyrrarvla IIpl3a rpyrra: OTKY;J, I13pa3 Q =mc(t -to)? ,Il,pyra rpyrra: KaKo ce ,I(06I1je TpaHc
Us

Ce,ll,MII KopaK CBaKa rpyna npeKO CEOI' npe;J,CTaBHHKa Ae
Ipena rpyrra: IIpoBjepHTH pe3YJTTaT Q=5,355 MJ. KOPHCTHTI1 ;J,HrllYpoH. lIeTl3pTa rpyna: KopHcTerm cYpamuJ;y 34 (YLl6eHl1K), o6jaCHIJ.TI1: P == Q ?

P=8925W..

r

IIeTa rpyrra: Ns fLije ce y KfuH3H HaJIa3I1 H3p33 Us == Up-. PaqyHcKH npoBjepHTH . Np

BpHje.lIHOCT 174

Us =

lO~Y.

175

lllecTa rpyna:

U

Koja HacTaBHajep,HHl1ua H ,ll;eqJlfHHUHja O,ll;peljyje 06pa3au R =_s

Mp )l,aHHJIO E. Eje.JIorpmill, lllKOJICKH aa,ll,30pHllK

Is I1poBjepl1TI1 Bpl1jeP,HocT R = 1,12Q 5. KOMemap p,06Hjemrx O,ll;rGBopa ilpe,ll;CTaBlIHl111 rpyna H3Hoce O,ll;roBOpe Ha rrOCTaBJheHa rrl1Talha. HaCTaBHHK KOHCTaTYje, y OIIUITeM 3aKJh}"IKy, CBe o6yxBaneHe 06nacTll Koje rrpll pjelllaBalbY 3a,ll;araKa Mopa n03HaBaTH. LJ:0611jeHH Op,fOBOPH pa3jawlbaBajy: - 3anpeMHHcKY jep,llHHl.\y 11 (7. Pa3PC,ll;, YU6CHIIK), - crrcl.\Htl>wml1 TOIUIOTHI1 KanaI~I1TCT C (8.pa3pc,ll;, YU6cHIIK, cTP. 117), - crreUlltl>Wma rycTlma p (7. Pa3PC,ll;, YU6CHHK), - H3pa3 Q=mc(t2.tl), m - 113 P =- =} m = pV (7. Pa3pc,ll;, y1,l6CHllK), V p - 113 = - (9. pa3pep" YI.I6CHHK 24, CTp. 24, 25),

Us

Pa.nHOHHQa: Pa3pe.n:: HaCTaSHII npe,ll,MeT: HaCTaSHa jellHHHlI,a: lloTpeGaH MaTepHjaJ1:

U:n.b pa.nHOlfHlI,e:

- H3pa3 Q =U· I·t (9. Pa3PC,ll;, yu6eHI1K, cTP. 34), Up Np - rrpeHOCHI1 op,lfoe - = -

Us

Ns

U - H3pa3 R =[(9. Pa3PC,ll;, y1,l6eHIIK, cTP. 25)

6. ,Il;OMalll1 3ap,aTaK: 3a,ll;aTaK 69. 113 3611PKC 3a,ll;aTaKa 113 IX pa3pe,ll;a OCHOBHe lllKOJIe. YIIyTCTBO: PjeUIclha YPU,ll;HTH Ha llCTll Ha'IIIH Kao KO,ll; KOMeHTapa H3paljeHor 3a,ll;aTKa

JIRTEP ATYPA 1. Y1.l6CHHUfi tl>113f1Ke 3a 7, 8 H 9. pa3pC,ll; OCHOBHe IlIKOJIe, CprrcKo CapajcBo,2003. 2. HacTasa, HaY'lHO-cTpyOpMaTHsHH 'IaCOIDIC, Perry6mf'IKH rre,ll;arOlllKH 3aBO,ll;, EaInaJ1YKa, 2003. 3. HJllin, M. (2000), PecrrOHCH6HJIHa HacTasa, balba nYKa, YHImep3lITeT y EalbanYU;H 4. Kymullllh-ETepoBHn (1987), 3a,ll,al.(H 113 tl>H3HKe, 3arpe6 5. PocrrorroBl1h O. Ml1JIaH (1992), MeTOlJ,HKa HaCTaBe tl>ll311Ke, beorpa.n:.

HaTepaKTHBao yqClhe Y CTBapaJIa'IKoj H rrpo6JICMCKoj lIaCTaBH

IX bl10Jlomja 'IyJIO BH.L\a, rpalja H tPYHKl.(llja Y 1.16eHHK, pa,ll,Ha CSCCKa, HaCTaBHll JlUCTl1nII, OKO rOBcLICTa (TC,lCTa, janbeTa), Ka.nHua 3a ,ZUICCKl\l1jy, 10% paCTBOp tPopMaJIHHa, BO,ll,a, CKa:mC.1 (>KIr:ICT), MaKa3C, nUHUCTa, CBeCKa, 0,10BKa, 60jHl\C, cBujel'ia, ull16uua, caTlw CTaKJ1O, MOiJ,eJI H crrHKa OKa. - Y cBajalbe 3Halba 0 4yrry BH.L\a, - yn03Hamhe rpalje OKa Ha MOiJ,CJIY H H3 CJIHKe Y yI,I6eHHKY, - yn03HaBalbe rpalje Olca pa,zJ,cnu ,ll,I1CeKL\l1jy, - iJ,OKa3HBalbe HaCTaHKa CJII1KC y OKY, - ,ll,OKa3HBaIhe crrHjcnc MPJbC YOK}, - ,ll,OKa3HBalbe aKOMO,ll,aUHjc OKa.

KopaUII pa,ll,a IIpSH KopalC Q)0PMHPaIbC rpyna 3a pa,ll, HaCTaBllHK tP0pMHpa neT rpyna rro neT yqeHUKa (xeTporCHC rpyrre). I1pOCTOpHH pa3MjelllTaj rpyna. H360p Bolje rpyne. )l,pym KOpaK: YBO,ll, y pa,ll, KpaTKo nOHaBJbatbe npC,QXO,ll,HC HaCTaBHC je.n:H1IHue. HaCTaBHHK ,ll,ajc ynYTCTBO 3a pa,ll, rpyna. CBaKa rpyna HMa CBOj 3a,n:aTaK.

Tp"eliH KopaK: 3Mal.(H 3a caMOCTa.;1aH pa.n:

Yn03Haj Tpa1jy OIW Ha !vw.n:crry U aa OCHOBY Crrl1Ke y yu6eHHKY If 06HJhe)!CH ,ll,HjcJloBe O'lHe ja6yr·muc. 2. KOjH cy nOMonHlI iJ,ujeJlOBI1 OKa?

.L HaUPTaj

176

177

3. TIalKJbHBO nocMaTpaj H aHa;nBHpaj cnm;y OKa H 06H.TbC:1(H TherOBe

1. _____________________________________ 2. _________________________________ 3. __________________________________________ 4. f,[lje ce HaTla3e pcucmopH TIY}Ja BH,[Ia

H

haKO ce Ha3IiBr0Y Ie l1ennje?

APyra ,pyna AHceKUHja rpalJe OKa. TIocrynaK:

l-IcTBpT3 rpyrra OrlliC ornc,n:a HaLlpTaTH Ha mrjcsoj CTpaHH rrarrlipa ManH Tpoyrao, a Ha .D:eCHoj KBa):lpaT wm Kpyr. CflHKY rrOJIaKO rrpHMH'IHTe O'lTfMa, He cKpel1YDI1 rrornen C rpoyrna, na orreT Y7(aTbaBajTe CJII1Ky. OTKpl1jTe H OITHI1lHTC UITa CTe OTKPI-L'U1. MO)KCTe fll1 penH 0 KaKBoj ce nojuBH pa)J,I1?

fOBelJe OKO, Koje ere na63BlL1H Y 'vlccnHUH, O"lHCTHTH 0,[1 MaCHor H Be3HBHor TKHBa. OKO nOCTaBHTH TaKO ,la je pOfKlb3 ' la OKpel!~T3 rrpCl\!a .D,OJbC a O"IHI! HCpB rrpCMa rope.

Aa BaM rrOMorHeMO: llITa cc y jC,'lHOM TPCH)'TKy )J,oralja ca CJII1KOM TpoyrJla, Kpyra?

Olmy j36Y'Hmy npepCJ!
3aIIITO ce cnHKa TpoyrJla rrOROBO ITojaBJbyje l1pl1 y,ll,aJbaBafbY wm npH6mDKaBaH,Y OKY?

1. Koje CTe ,[IHjenoBe OQHC ja6YfHlie Mor.TTH BHItiem?

2. HaBe,[lHTe OCHOBHe Kapa!rrepHcTHKe ITOCMaTpmIHx ,'lHjeJIOBa O'lHe

,[(a flH rrojaBJI,HBaH,e (noHoBHo) CflHKe Tpoyma HMa HCKC Be3C ca y,'laTbeHornny cm1Ke O,ll, OKa?

ja6Y'1Hlle! ______________________________________________

3aKJbY'lHTe 0 KaKBoj ce nojaBH PU,':(H?

Tpella rpyna )J;OKaJKH naCTaIIaK CJ1I1KC Y OKY! TIocryITaK: 'O'Il!lCTHTe rOBel)e OKO 0,[( MaCHor H Be3HBHor TKHBa. CKarrnefloM Hfll1 HO)KeM cacTpYll;{l1Te TKHBO ca 3a,UH,er 'ul!!jcna OQHC ja6YQHlle. Taj ,rum rrOKptUTe np03ripfioM rpOJIHjOM HJIH ncpraMcHT namlpoM. OKO CTaBHTe y caTHO CTaKJIO. ,', Hcrro,[l OKa CTaBHTe yrraTbeHy CBl1jcny Ha O,ll,pcl)erlOj y,[laJbCHOCTl1 11 ITOJlaKO jc c'~npHMH':lHTe 3jeHHl~H CBe ,[10K ce He nojaBI1 OUITpa CJll1Ka WIaMCHa na MpC)l(lhaLlH ,{rrp03upHoj cjlOJUIjHHj1l1 ncpraMeHT narulpy).

,~' ':~: Ha OCHOEY H3BpWeHOr one,[(a
lien rpyna )J;OKaJKH aKoMo,UallHjy OKa! Cpe,'lCTBO: Yl)6eHI1K'IIocrynaK:, , )J;p)Kl1 oTBopeH yu6~HI1K·)rpyU;H,Efpe,[l O'lHMa TaKO ,ll,a rrpeKo ropH,er py6a MO)KeTC BHlUeTl1 YilaTbeHOcTtIpe,1l,MCTa. YCMjepH're norJIe,[l Ha rOpH,H pe,U y KH,li3H TaKO ,[Ia BaM CJlOBa 6Yl!y]acnu. Ka!Co y HeTO BpHjeMe, He CKpenynH rrome,[l, Bl1,[111Te y,[l3JbeHerrpe)iMeTc' rrpeKO py6a yu6cHHKa? He rroMjepajyrm yu6eHllK, YCMjepMTe' rror.rreJJ,rrpeKo ropH,er py6a Ha HeKH y,[la.:bCHH rrpe,[lMeT TaKO ,[Ia ra jacHo BHiiHTe. KaKQ ca,[la, He cKpenyrm norJle,[l, BHJJ,HTe cnOBa y KH,H3H?

179

O,'1rOBopl1Tel

)];p ,lJ;ymaH Cn. lliuIii, lJlKOJICKll Ha)J,30PHllK

1. 0 KOjOj ce CnOC06HOCTH OKa pa,UH?

2. KaKo o6jarulMBaTe ry

cnoco6HoCT?

nPAliEIbE, npOD,JEHA II BPE).J,HOBAIbE EIBWIKOr BACllMTAIbA Y'IEHHKA lI3BjeUlTaBalbe npe,UcTaBHHKa rpyrra. - TIpe)]'CTaBmn.(H rpyrra 113BjewTaBajy H 06jalJll:haBajy cBoje o)],roBope, HaCTaBHHK o,UroBope mune Ha Ta6Jlli. AHan:r13a TOKa cTBapana4Kor rrpOl\eca li pe3YJrram pa,Ua - Y04aBal:he rpewKe (YKOflliKO nocTOjli), - pacnpaBa 0 pa3JUl4HTHM MHWJbel:hHMa. - HacTaBHHK rrO,UCTWle I1HTepaKl\l1jy l13Me~y illeCTH KOpaie

Ce)]'MH

Kopale

rpyna. YorrwTaBafbe pe3YJITaTa pa,Ua. Pa3rOBOp ca o.rlje,'bel:heM 0 )J,aHaWlheM pa)),y 11 0 TOMe KaKO ce 3Hal:he y Be3H ca 'l)'JIOM BH)J,a MO>Ke rrpHMlljeHllTIi. 3a)J,al\H 3a caMOCTMaH pa,U. Y4eHHl\HMa ce npenopY4Yje ,Ua npo'IHrajy H3 Y1.l6eHHKa OHe ca)J,p)l(Uje Koje HllCY 06pa~H­ Balm y rpynlI. Ha CJbe,UeneM 'lacy HaCTaBHHK )J,aje OCBpT Ha aKTllBHOCT 3a BplljeMe npeTXOl\HOr 'laca. KpaTKO nOHaBJba rpa)],llBO II ol.\ielbyje noje)],HHl\e.

180

1. YBO)]; TIpanel:he, npe)]'HOBaIbC li oujelhHBalhe (KoHrpoJla e~eKaTa) Y'leHHKa y HaCTaBll ~l13li'lKOr BaCITlrralha y OCHOBHIIM li cpe,Ul:hllM lJlKOnaMa pe)],oBaH Je nocao HaCTaBHHKa ~I13H4Kor BacnHTaJ-ba. KOHTPOJIa e~eKaTa ce 3aCHlcma Ha rpH TeMaTCKa nO)]'PY4ja Y KojHMa cc )J,jel\a HCnOJbaBajy H TO: pa3Boj (naClUHaa.e) MOTOPIFIKIIX cnoc06HOCTH, cnopTCKO-TeXHHqKOr 06pa30BaJha II MOP&1HOBOJbHHX OC06IIHa. MOfJm 6HCMO perm )],a je y npe)],lJlKOJICKliM YCTaHOBaMa cliryal\Hja BpJIO CJIll'lHa Mil 6e3 CHCTeMa ru1H ~a3e ol.\iel:hHBal:ha. 3a nOCTl!3alhe n03IITIIBHHX e~eKa:ra KO)], .rljel\e HeorrXO)],HO je CHCTe~faTCKIi rrpaUfTH II npol.\iel:hIIBam e~eKTe noje)],HHHX aKTIIBHOCTH, BPWHTH KOpeKl\lIje Y 1I360py ca)]'p)l(aja li npl1cryrra Kao II y norJIe)),y 06IIMa H IIHTeH3HTeTa omepenelha. TIO)l(eJbHO je, a HHje Hepe&1HO, YBO)J,IITII IIHOBal\lIje IIfllI rroKywaBaui H HCTpajaBaTl! Ha nplI)]'06HjalhY )]'jel\e 3a fbHXOBO yqewhe H OCMHIIlJbaBalhe aKTIIBHOCTH CXO)],HO CTBapHIiM rrO'rpe6aMa II cnoc06HocTliMa .rljel\e OBor )],06a. TIplIMjeHoM nOKpeTHHx Hrapa II OCTfulliX KpeTHo-Bje)l(60BHIIX aKTII~HoC­ TH Y'leHHKa 0)], rrpBor )],0 neTor II Ha,naJbe )],0 )],eBeTor pa3pe,na l1CrrOJbaBaJY ce )],BHje BpCTe e~eKaTa. Y CBaKOM pa)J,y, lla If OBOj .rljenaTHOCTI1, nOKa3yjy ce llpBO Henocpe)],HH e~eKTII (qeCTO I1X cRpcTaBaMo II Y MaHI1~eCTHe, MjepJbIfB.e, BIf,nJ'bIfBe). Y ~1I31I0JIOrlfjIf ~1I311qKIIX Kperal:ha If Harropa OBII e~eKTII ce 06JaIIIlhaBajy Kao pe3YJ1TaT 6p3lfX a)J,allTlIBHlfX rrpoMjeHa BHTarnUIX ~YHKl\IIja Ha O.Il.pe~eHe 3axTjeBe, Hanope. HapaBHo, Y Te e~eKTe y6pajaMo CRe BacrrIITH?06pa30BHe e~eKTe. 3a l:hHXOBO nperr03HaBal:he If CTBapHIf Y'lHHaK norpe6Ho Je Kpane BpHjeMe ()J,o )],Ba MjeCel\a). . HaKoH ,ny)l(er Tpajalha IIJIII 6aBJbel:ha llrpoBHO-KpeTHIiM aKTIfBHOCTIiMa oCTBapyjeMo T3B. KYMYJIaTHBHe ("rpajHHje) elfleKTe ~OjH Cy-cKpHBeHH (JIaTeHTHH) rrO)l(eJhHO peqeHO )],o6pa. Y CYWTffillI, !.(lfJh ~l13HqlCOr Baf:m:~a IIJ1H lberOB TeMeJb 'lHHH 'lOBjeK H lherOBa )],o6pa. OHII cy pe3YJITaT yr:1Ip:aJ3: BeJIIiKOr 6poja TpeH)ITHHX e~eKaTa Ha KOfHIfTIIBHOM, aqleKTIiBHoM'~.H· MOTOPII'lKOM. llJ1ilHY Jby)],cKe JIIfqHOCTIi. OHM cy (CBaKaKO II Hac.'be.Il.HIf) y:~()BOM Y3pacry If n04eTHli (liaKO je rrOqeTaK TelJlKO o)]'pe)],IfTIf, He H3:cnynyje ~e HII y lfInpayTepIfHoM )l(IIBOry qOBjeKa), Mil 3a CBaKO ,nIfjeTe c rrOJla:3HOr Ben II3pa-)l(eHOr JIII4HOr HHRoa KOjH cy OHIf CTeKJ11I pO~el:heM, ,L(OHOIIIel:heM Ha··CBHJet~ o)]'peljeHIIX Pa3BOjHIfX )],IfMeH3I1ja. HapaBlfO ,na TIf e~eKTII HHCY Kao_ WTO ce

181

je}:(HocrpaHO (JlaIFIKH) MHCJIH CaMO y CCPCPli ouo;rOIIIKor paCTa H pa3Boja Hero

):Ijeu:c (Ra rrporpaMcKHM canp')l(aj}:lMa) H qie,10K'jI1HOr rrpOIzcca qIH3II'lKOr, KOJ:( .zxjeu:e .zxo

12 ro}:(.), nOTpe6Ho je 06e36H-

H ocramlX c.tjJepa ClVlOnIBHC, HHTeJfeKry
HrpoBHor BjC)K6alba

pa3Boja !ljerera (TJOBjcKa). 3a
jCL\l1TI1 nOKa3aTeJbe KB
2. JJ:03HP AlbE II llPOD;JEHA OEHMA II MHTEH3HTET A Y AKTMBHOCTHMA IDKOJICKE ,Il;JEIi;E

Y BHAY }:(a

rO;,:(HHC.

To

rrpaTHMO rpyrry ,IJjeue KOjy BaCITHTaBaMO H 06pa3yjCMO

CKOPO CBaKH AaR. Je;JaH 'lYBeHH apancKH :l1lfCmmau

K.

n03HaT

;1:a IrX "o.n:arrHlbcMo Kao cTpl~jCJ1e".

rrpocEjeTapHMa, Ka3ao je 3a

Y HaIUHM

IUKonaMa rrocTojH je,Uau norpClUllO yrroTpe6Jb3BaHH mpCl3 <
HOBH\1

ce J:(a npmmjeTHTIi, pemCTpo-

Y cTBapIi, OH TO CJIHKOBHTO

,IJjeua».

Y jeAHoj njccMH Koja rrO'Hlfbe "Barna

6a3Hpa H3 3;':(paBCTncHOM CTa!1>y H fIliBOY cnoC06HOCTH roeue, KaKO 611 ce y

HHCY Barna J\jer~a. ORa cy caMO ol~arrcTe CTpl1jcnc, KOjC ce 113 BAlllEf

O)lpeljeHoM BPC\!CHy M3HHtpcCTOB3JU1 O,L(pCi)CHli II03HTHBHII C
nyKa OL\amllbY ( ... )>>. TrH1C je pCKao nyHo y CMI1CJIY Hamer nOI1MaIiOa BacrHi-

TelilKO je 3a;':(OBO"'hHrH JljC4l1jC rrorpc6c 3a KpeT31:heM
c OBaKaB nomCL\ je BpirO nOY'lan il TaIba, rrocryrralba, I1rpan,a H HCKHM HaLUHlV! PO,UHTC.l"LHMa y cMl1cny "60.'1eCHHX" aM6H-

nC3a).lOBO.'bCHC. HOTopn3 jc 'lHlbCHHl\a ):Ia CC ;:dcua pC,laTHBHO 6p30 3a!\1al;:lalY

UHja H rrpCM3 OBaj nocao

31TH ce 6p10 H onMapajy. LIecTo cc C3MOI1HHuHjaTI1BHO O}:(Mapajy H crrpCMHU cy Ha HOlla aHrroKoBalha rmja rpc6ajy 611TH HHTCpCCaHTRa H H3a30BHa 3a

cc pagH 0 BpJIO OCjCT,'bHBOM y3paC'IY H lbHXOBHM

HaCTaBlfllK (ytIHTCcb) 611 Tpc6ao ,L(a (npc)rr03Imjc nOKa3aTeJhC KOjIi rOBOpc 0

JI3TCHTHI1:\f cnoco6rlOCTHM3 U OC06CHOCTHMa, HC!\wrynHocTH rrpH!\ljeHe CTat!lJ;apW-lHX TeCTOlla, nOC1)'naK3 H TeXHHK3 pa}:(a Koje ce liRa'Ie

npOlljeHH oOTcpelicIba (cmICc 06I1Ma Ii HHTCH3HTcTa) C ABHjC rpync 3HaKOBa.

npuMjel!,yjy ca cTapajHM H CCJIef(!~HOlmCaHIIM Y30P1WfM3 (y3pacTHMa). OB):tic

a) CnOJhamILli (cpH3!fLfKH) 311311if cy nOKCl3aTeJbH KOjU Kapa.rnepl1my

ce nclie"'l0 6aBIiTH OBI.1M np06}1CMIfMa jep 06HM OBor '1.!laHKa TO He ):(03BOJbaBa.

cal.1)' aKTHBHOCT. OHl1 O,L(pc~yjy npcry aKTIfBIIOCTH (npUpO):lHC BPCTC KpcTa-

3aTo DCMO YKa33TH Ha HCKC OCHOllHC KapaKTcpHcTHKe KOjC HacTaBRHUH, Y'111-

y3

Iba) KapaKTcp Harrpc3aIba (AI1HaMlfl.fKa IT HlfKaKO IT HUKaKBa CTanPiHa Harrpc-

TeJbl.1 y HalU!IM ycnOB!IMa Tpc6a }:(a KOPHCTC y3 o}:(peljCHY nOMOn

3aIM), 06HM (rpaj3!hC TC aKTHBHoCTH) 11 HHTCII31HCT KPCTHC aKTlfBHOCTH (6poj

~f!BaIf,e YCJlOBa 3a Taj pa):l. TaKo 611 ,::(OllInH AO npor.ljeHc y OROM TaHaHOM

lf3Be.1\eHHX JIaKllIHX MH TC)KHX rroKpcTa H paAlblf) H YCJIOnH (rrpocTOprIH, OTe)l(aBajyhl1, TOrrnonm).

ncpl10AY )KHBOTa (npcTrry6cpTcTa Il. K3CHUjC rry6CpTCTa Ii 6HoTlOrnKe 3pC-nOCTH).

6)

YHYTpamILH (cpH3HonoIUKH) 3HallH KOjH )'Ka3yjy KaKO opraHIBaM ,IJjCTCTa pearyje 11 nO,UHOCH ICpeTHO-lirpOBHC aKTHBHOCTI1. OIW IUTO ce KOA

06c36je-

C'bCJlCnH nOKa3aTeJbl1 BPC):IHOBalha H rrpOltieHc c
5-15

rOAHHa cy:

paCT H p:Hnoj lQel~e (BHcmIa Ii Te)IG1Ha mjcna, r~a3HOCT H Hcyxpa-

,IJjeue MO)l(e ,T(a npam cy CPPCICBCH[(Hja CpqaHlIX oTKyuaja y MIiH)ITH (rrync), CPPcKBeHL(l1ja .1\l1Calba, CTcnCR 3aMopa (norryIUTalbc, ry6IiTaK rra)l(lbC, cna6njc

lbeHOCT); nporticna MOTOP!'f'IKUX cnocoonOCTH: CHara, 6p3HHa, OKPCTHOCT,

ICOmpO;1I1CaIbC nOICpcTa),

KOOp,L(HHaImja, paBIlOTe)Ka l{ OCTane; YCBojcnocT, OB.fl3,!l.3HOCT MOTOplf'n~HM 3HaIbHM3 (BjernTHHaMa Ii HaBHKaMa) crrOC06HOCTII KOOp,L(HlmpaHor KpCTaIba, 110BC3I1BaH,a rrOK-

upBemIITO

HJHl 6JbC):IHnO nHua,

HH}:(HBH):IyarrHIi

CI1MIlTOMH 3aMopa (3IIOjelbe, naY3C pa):lH O,L(MOpa). HaCTaBHHK (ytlHTeJb) Tpe6a Aa na3H Aa ce ,!l.HjcTe lIC npCOIlTCPCTH, HJIH HC)l.OBO.'bIlO OIlTCPCTlf, a THX nojaBa HMa TIOCC6HO y HmKHM pa3pcAHMa (I-V) y UH.;hY "cHrypHOCTH H tryBalba" ,IJjcue.

pCTa y OCROBRHM (rrpHpO.ZJ.HHM) BpCTaMa KpCTalba: XOAalba, rpl.fafba,

11 je}:(HH H ):IpyrH cy HCnO')l(eJbHH.

rry3alba HTlJ;.; napaMeTpn (llc)npalHfJIHOr )J,plI,aIha THje:m (Ap)l(3lbe maBe H paMeHa, H3nIep, rpYAH,- HHBO KYKOBa 11 j10rraTI1Ua, Ap)Kalbe KOJbeHa,

3. BPE,lWOBAlbE nOKA3ATE.JbA H3Wfl{Or BACIIliITAlbA

CBOAa-cTorra.iia); IIOHarn31Le I-l,jer.e-·U'· O,'l,HOC: !IpCMa KpeTHHM RKTHBHOCTHMR H y
-: AKo ce )KeJIe {rrp )OUHjCHHTH n03HTHBHH c
$WIKH~) aKTHBHOCTH J\jcTCTa, rrorpc6Ho je )ITBPAHTH rrO
182

HHIXHM3 OmrOCHO (He)3a,U'OBOJI>CTBOKPCTafhCM II HrpOM. JyrocJIOBCHCIm 33MA 3aHO y Ta6cnH

6p. 1, :2,.1,_ 4,?

KynTypyl rrpc):IJ10)l(HO je HopMe (rrOKaII

6)

11 CeT, rpyrry TCCTOBa 3a rrpanefhe tjJH311'IKor

I I1B3HHO, C. (1988): KpHTCrlHjy~m 3a tjlH3WfKor pa3noja 11 tjlvf3HQ!{!lX crroc06nocTH )'3paCTa o.n 7 JJ:O 19 rO;ll-!lla, J34'>K Me - OOYP 3anO]1 3a
.neue If O?vCl3..-,IfHC

l3corpa.n:.

.

-

183

paCTa 11 pa3Boja 11
l I

BAPYlJADJIE (MJEPE)

TjcJlcnm BI1CI1Ha

I--MaCaI'l1i~a

l Ep3l1Ha

l CHara HOry

l OnwTa mara l CHarapYKY

Ta6'cna 6lp. 2

7 roll.. 117 - 130 21 - 29 11,4 - 8,8 98 - 136 231- 398 848 - 1668

Ai eBOJ'IHu.c OLl, 5 Ll,O 7 rOil,UHe Y3PA,CT 5 -IV.1J" --. 6r-oll.; . 112 - 124 106- US 16 - 23. -18 -21l ,. ":17,7 c9,7 13,3 - 10,3- . - .81 - 117 69 --106 _-::-165 -289 136 - 207 _,469 - 957 340- 853.

BAP]{JAEJIE (MJEPE) Tje;Icclla BHCH!la Maca Tl1leJla Ep311!la CHara !lory OrrwI'acHara ! CHara PYKY 2

Y3PACT 6 r'o.1J,. 113 - 125 19 - 26 12,1-9,1 88 - 125 183 - 335 650 - 1368

5ro.1J,. 117 -119 17 - 23 12,9 - 9,8 73 - 111 146 - 274 489 - 1098

~.

~.

,

<

'

,

-

-

-

-

7 rOil. 117 - 129 20 - 28 12,0 - 9,4 91 - 125 197 - 333 558 - 1122

TaoeJIa op. 3.1!i.e'lanH OLl, 7 il,O 11 rOLl,HHa Y3PACT BAPl1JADJIE (MJEPE) 7 ro.1J,. 8 rOil. 9 roll.. TjCJ1CCHa BllCllHa 127 - 133 128 - 134 133 - 140 24-29 25 - 32 28 - 35 ~caTllieJJa 10,0 - 9,6 9,7 - 8,8 9,8 - 8,9 ~3llHa CHara HOry 119 -136 122 - 141 l31-149 OnlHTa CHar'a 245 - 325 295 - 375 230 - 300 1O-l3 CnpcI'HocT 6 10 8 - 11 TaGcm Gp 4 )ljcBoj
I

BAPHlAJ3JIE (MJEPE) Tje.~ecHa

BHCI1Ha Maca mjeJIa Ep3HHa CHara HOI), CHarapYKY OnWTaCHara CnpCTHocI' 1131lPlKJbHBOCT 500M

9,1- 9,0

139 - 158 330 - 415 11 - 15

11 roll.. 141 - 148 31- 39 8,7 - 8,4 142 - 161 370 -450 10 - l3

rOil,HHa Y3PACT 10 ro.1J,. 9 rOil. 11 roll.. 133 - 139 138 - 144 142 - 149 28 - 35 30 - 38 33 - 40 9,7 - 8,8 9,8 - 8,9 9,8 - 9,3 122 - 142 130 - 149 134 - 153 285 - 360 250 - 325 320 - 385 9 - 11 9 - 11 9 - 13

Ta6cJIa 6p. 5 _,L!jCqaIl,H OLl, 11 Ll,O 15 rOLl,HHa BAPHlAEJIE Y3PACT (MJEPE) 12 ro.1J,. 11 roll.. 13 roll.. Tje,lecHa BlJCHHa 147 - 153 149 - 156 155 - 164 Maca mjeJIa 33 - 43 37 - 47 41 - 51 J3p3llHa 5,4 -5,1 4,6 - 4,1 4,5 - 4,1 CHara HOry 143 -165 159 - 178 166 - 187 13,18 14 -20 14 - 21 CHarapYKY OnlHTa CHara 345 -445 340-440 3.80 - 500 CnpeI'HocT 7-9 8-10 10-13 1131lPlKJbl1BOCT 800M 225 - 194 223 - 191 208 - 182 Ta6cna Gp. 6.

10 ro.1J,. 138 - 145 31- 39

14 ro)l,. 162-171 49 - 60 4,6 4,2 176-201 14 - 20 460 595 9 11 201.- 176

15 rOil. 168-175 49 - 61 4,5 4,1 184 - 209 14 20 485 630 9 11 201- 174

,IJ" eB'!i'IHne OLl, 11 Ll,O 15 rOLl,HHa Y3PACT 11 rOil. 149 - 156 36 - 45 5,2-5,0 150-169 11 - 15 295 - 375 6-8 155 - 131

12 rOil. 151 - 158 41 - 50 5,3-4,9 152-171

10-13 320 - 405 6-8 152 - 127

13 rO):l. 156 - 163 42- 52 5,4 - 5,2 146 -171 10 - 12 340 - 425 8 - 10 151 - 126

14 ro)l,.

151'0):1.

160 - 166 51 - 60 5,5 5,1 148-117D 11 - 16 .

1161-167 52 -,61

345 - 440 ,.,

8 - 10 147 '123

5,3 - 4,7 152 - 173 9"'13 400,-495 9- ft-.

_.

15'Z:~ 127 '"T_

..

,

I1sarmli, C. (l996): MCTOlloJIoruja npaneLLa tjil!3H'lKOL p:l3Boja lJ qH1311QKllX cnoco6HocTllileue II OI>LlllJ\llHC, J3KMC, J3eorpa,n, CTp. 130- 134. ' 184

185

fIp}L'IO)J{eHe HopMe

(If orlliC TeCTOBa)3 ca'lHTbeHe cy Ra OCROBY ,2:(}'i'oro-

5. YMJECTO 3AKlbYQKA

,lI1IlHber rrpanefDa 1jJ1I3lflIKor paCTa I1 pa3Boja
em! OBH npHHl.\l-lITI1 y pa,ny ITOMa)!(), Kao ll)'TOKm cBeo6yxBaTHOCTl1 Y

KOPHCTI1TI1 II 3a oCTany rrorrynal.\l1jy, HTTp. Ha HaIllllM rrpOCTOpWvIa. bm10 6n

pa):(y oMorynaBujynH )"II-ITeJ"y, H3CTUBHHKY oCTajufbY C060M H :DeTeTY nOCTU-

Bpno lfHTepeCaHTHO po,nlITeJblIMa ,na c33Hajy HeKe TTO,l3TKe 0 CBOjoj iUel.\H H'3

jmbY C060M. fIopeijeroe noje,nHHl,la (ca fbHM caM 11M) oMoryl1eHo je npeKO

OBe c¢epe I·rarner .rrjenoBafDa. HOPM3THBll cy Ca'lHlbeHll Kao TpOCTeneHa CKfu'1a

0pHjeHTaU;l10HHX Ta6mrua (HopMaTl1Ba) KOHcTaTauHjaMa yqHTeJba, HaCTaBHI1Ka.

BpHje,nHOCTH rra cy rrpHKa'3aHll nOKa'33TeJ"bll y Ta6eJIaM3 y CTsapH rrpocjeqHH (HHTepB3mr). Marhe II Bene o,n OBl-IX BpHje,"HOCTl-I TPe6a Bpe,lIlOB3fbeM (YTTope-

To je np(oujeHa) 'mjH je U;HJ& ):(a ce H POill1TeJ&HMa "npY)f
ijHs3fbeM) o.rrpeljHBaTH, npoujelblmaTH Kao HaTllpocje'lHll HJIH HCTIOTnpocje'lHH 4 nOK33aTeJhH.

H npoujeHoM crroc06HOCTl1, a He 3aOCTaTKOM 11 CJra60CTHMa, nponycTl1Ma. HapaBHO rrocTojl1 y CBeM)' TOMe HeliiTO IIITO ce MO)f(e 11 ef3aKTHO npoUHjeHHTH,

To 6ll l-lTe-

KaKO nocJ1)')Kl1no KaKO HaCTaBHHl.\I1Ma, Y'lTITeJbHMa TaKO H pO,J)1Te.lbHMa )J,jeue y

a IIITO ce pa):(H C :DeU;OM OBor Y3paCTa, npeUH3HHje Hero cy6jeKTHBaH cy,n. CTBapHOCT, YCJIOBH paLla H )f(HBOTa Hac ITpHMOpaBajy Lla npUMl1jeTHMo IT

CMHCJIY ,na (y)(c)rr03Haje paCT n pa3Boj CBOT'a )J,jeTeTa, He C3rvW y 6l10nOIIIKOM

Y3MeMO

Hero l1 y( 0) p:pyrnTBeHOM H yomuTe CBaKOM JxpyroM - IfHTerparrHO~ pa3Bojy.

l1X OTKJIOHlDIH, YMafbl1,1H l1(JIH) H36jefJIH.

OBO je HajeJIeMeHTapHHjI1 Bn,n 06jeKTHBHor rrpoujefbl-mafba.

y 063l1p 036l1JbHe He):(ocTaTKe Koje ):(l1jeTe (re)Ke) (no:X)HOCH KaKO 611

KPUTWIKH OCHPT ,I19CA,II;AIDIbEr BPE,n:HOBAIbA ,n:JEn;E 5-15 ro):!;. Y CllH3.I'P-ll{OM BACflliTAffiY fIOCTOjH (rro)BenHKH 6poj ayropa (llITaMnaHHx H3/XaI-ba) KOjl1 Heo/XMjepeHo nHilly 0 rrcHxoljJH3I1'lKoj 3pellOCTl1, MorynHocTH~a, nOTpe6aMa H cnoco6~OCTHMa ,njerxe (~e/X)rnK?nCKOr Y3pacTa jep He KOHcymyjy CTpY'fHa llHrxa. HallMe, y TI1M rryomiKarUljaMa HaBo,ne ce rrpHMjepu pa,na C :DeUOM 3a Koje OHa mrcy jOill crrpeMHa, a HH cnoco6Ha 3a l13Bol)elbe (rrorOTOBO rpyrrHHx pal\fbl1). KOpl1CTe ce Heal1eKBaTHI1 TepMI1Hl1 (yrrpKoc neKTopHcalbY) Kao H HenprrMjepeHa cpel1CTBa II rrOMarana II Cll. HaBO,le ce rrpHMjepll KOjl1 cy yonIIITeH!l, cyBonapHH H HejaCHI1. Y TOM ca,np)f
Ibidem, crp.79-87. ~:mn, .lX, II cap.: AHCBHHK pa.;:(a HaCTase Capajeso, 2000. 3 4

186

.


3a yu6CHl-!J(c If C.) C. . '. .

187

IIPHMJEPH H3 IIPAKCE

OCHOBHa IlIKOJIa P33pe;a;: HaCTaBHMu;a:

«BYK Kapaunl1» Y Je3epy IlpBH lJ:Hjar1a L1aMOLfaK

MOAEJI ll;JEJIO,1J;HEBHOr P A,lJ;A J}rraplhH CaCTaHaK TIo3J(paB .L\.ie~H, ;a;HeBHe nOpYKe, p33rOBOp y rpynH nOPYKA: Pa3rOBOp na TeMY BOne II nOBpne. Koje BOne BOJIHlU ,na je,neIlI? lJ:a om je BOne 3~paBO? BOJIHIlI ~1H ,na je,nCill ja6YKY? ,I(HEBHH: CA,I(P)KAJ P A,I(A 36

1. fOBOP H KfuVilKeBHOCT 3a lljeuy: AKTHBHOCT EP.l: ).ljeuy n030BeMO Y u;eHTap 3a oKynJbalhe. Y l\empy je je,nHa ja6YKa. BO.lJ.I1Te.% IlO'lHlbe npull.y "Etma je)~Ha ja6YKa. OHa je IIMaJIa rryHo 6pahe II cecTapa. I1poBO,Il,HJIa je TaKO JheTl-be ,Il,aHe Y)KHBajynH y rrOJhY ca CBOjOM 6panOM II cecTpaMa. Je,nHora ,Il,aHa Ka,na cy C33peJIH, ,noIILTIa cy .L\.iel\3 H rrpo6pane l-beHY 6paay H cecTpe. TIormo je ja6YKa 6Ma Ha BHcoKoj 1'pamI, OCTana je caMa. AKTHBHOCT EP.2: Pa31'osapaMo 0 npull.u: illTa je KacHuje 611JIO ca ja6yKOM? r,nje je JYl\a HaIlIJJa ja6YKY? llha je ja6YKa mlTa? 3Haill JIH TH HeKY CJTI1LfHY I1pwry? AKTJ.1BHOCT EP.3: ).ljeI\11 ce 110K3)J:(Y 4 CJIillla. Toj BeJIHKoj ja6YUH y MaJIeHojpynu cM<:jao ce 6paTal\ l-beH 3aBH,nCnH JYl\H. Jyna BemI "na HeKa, TO je Moja cpena, Ka,n noje,neM ja6YKY 6Hny 3a I1pCT Bena". 36 OBa llpHllpeMa CaW)fCH IIlCMY pacnopC,la UeUTllpa 3a y"len,e, l1:JYCTpaUHjy Hrpe, HaupT

nOm1f'OHa 3a IjJH3H'me UKTHBHOCTH, a HCKe ,~pyrc llpl1npeMC C3elplKe CKlIUC, KapTe 11 np., KOjlI 300r TCXHH'IKHX pa3JlOra HHCY lllTaMllUHH UlTO, Ha,n:a~o ce, He )'M
191

AKTHBHOCT EP.5:

JIHKOBHO - ):ljeu,a Tpe6a .L\a Hau'pTajy Ha qeTlIpH CJ1HKe KaKO je Jyua .L\OlllJla .L\O ja6YKC - KopaK no KopaK.

OCHOBHa IIlKOJ1a Pmpe.L\: HaCTaBHHI..{a:

«BYK Kapal,Il1fl» y Je3epy IIpBH )J;HjaHa fJJaMOQaK

2. IIjeJlaMO, cBHpaMO, HrpaMo AKTHBHOCT SP.6:

MY3WIKH Cry.L\HO - MY3HqKa HMnpOBH3au,Hja njeBafbe, CBYlpal:hC, Hrpal:hc.

M.O)l;EJI IJ,JEJIO)l;HEBHOr PAJI;A KPYIllKA, JAEYKA, IllJhHBA Jfjeua ce nO)J.l1jeJle y -rpH rpync. Je.L\Ha rpylla cy lllJbIfBe, .L\pyra ja6YKc, Tpena KpYlUKe.lljeua Hrpajy .L\OK ce He oTnjeBa njeCMHlJ,a. Ka.L\ ce omjeBa )JjeIJ,a CC yKHJle. OHaj KO rrpBH nporOBopH UHH ce IIoMjepH Y)l(lma je 3a HBY KOjIf n
Jyrapfbll caCTaHaK )J;HeBHe HOBOCTI1, .L\OrOBOp 0 aKTI1BHOCTI1Ma TIOPYKi\': IIoKpeTHa llrpa - CAOEPA1iAJ ):ljelJ,a ce IIO.L\HjeJ1e y rpyne. Je.L\Ha rpyna ,UjelJ,e cy ca06panajHH 3HaKOBH a ,Upyra rpyna B0311.;13 H njeIIlaIJ,H. ):fjelJ,a perymlIIly cao6pahaj.

,LI,HEBHH CA,LI,P)KAJ PA,LI,A

1. AKTHBIIOCTH KOrIIHTIIBHOr pa3Boja JIHTEPATYPA AKTHBHOCT 6p.1:

1. PH3Hllll.a necaMa 3a Lljel\Y, J.J. 3Maj 2. E. KaMeRoB, II. CnacojeBlltl: MeTO.L\HKa HaCTaBHor pa.na, 3aBo.n 3a yij6eHHKe,C.Cap~eBo

3. rpyna aYlopa: KopaK no KopaK 2, KpeaTlIBHH u,eHTap 4. E. KaMeHoB, II. CnacojeBHn, IT. naKoBHn: ITpBa KfbHra, 3aBO.L\ 3a y1,I6eHHKe, C. CapajeBo

2.

JIHlCoBHa lCy.rnypa:

AKTHBHOCT 6p.2:

".

-

AKTH&HOCT 6pJ:

192

PmroBop ca )JjelJ,OM y D,eHTpy 3a oKynJbafbe 3anOQHfbeMO Ha TeMY nOKpeTHe HTpe CAOEPA1iAJ. ):fjeI(l1 ce npe,UcTaBl1 cao6pahajHH nOJ1l1u,ajaI( KOjl1 ne HM o6jacHlITH cao6panajHe 3HaKOBe, cao6pahajHa B03Ima, KaKO he ce KpeTaTl1 ,n,PYMOM l1 ,n,p. OBa aKTI1BHOCT je YBO,UHa 11 113 fbe ce ,rrjeIl.a YCMjepaBajy Y Il.eHTpe Koje ne f!3a6paTH CaMl1.

fljeI(a Tpe6a .L\a 113rpa.L\e HOBH u,eHTap - CAOEPA1i.AJHH. Y3 nOMon cao6panajHor nOJIHlJ,ajlJ,a Il.pTajy cao6panajHH nOJ1HrOH, H3pa1)yjy 3HaKOBe O.L\ nanHpa If KapTOHa, npaBe aYTOMo6lUle, l"DemaKe, B03WJa. IJ,pTajy, I1Cl1jeIl.ajy cBoja cao6pahajHa cpe,n,cTBa, 3HaKOBe 11 yqecHHKe y cao6pahajy. IIpaBe Kyne 11 HH,UYCTpIfjcKe o6jeKTe y 6J1H3l1HH (npHIIpeMaI-be MaTepnjarra 3a CKJ1anafbe MaK"eTe). "CKJlanaI-be MaKeTe. Y MaTeMaTnqKOM I(eHTpy ce nOCTaBIf TlJ10'la (IIlnep-nJ1oLJa) AHMeH3Hje Menp ca MeTap. Ha ImO'll1 ce lJ,pn n)'T, nOCTaBJbajy ceMa¢opn, 3HaKOBH KOjIf cy paljeIlH y J111KOBHOM lJ,eHTpy. I1paBl1Mo pacKpc-

193

HHlJ,e, njernUqKe npenu3e, MOCTOBe H CJ1J.1lIIiO.

AKTIiBHOCT 6p. 4:

AKTI1BHOCT 6p. 5:

lU1J1 PA,I:\A: 3A.L\AlU1 3A O,I:\PACJIE:

IJ,H..Jb

OCHOBHa rnKOJla

«Merna CenHMoBHn» y Hace06HHI1 nmllu,11

rrpUBHJ1HO nOCTaBHTH ca06patlajHe 3HUKe.

je

PmpeJ(:

npBH

Pa,n y y,;6eHIIKY IIPBA KILl1fA. ..Qieu:a pjernaBqjy y

HaCTaBHHlJ,a:

CaBHl~a Jau,l1n

yl,l6emlKY cao6panajHH rr.mlToH, KaKO ce KpeTaTH. OBU aKTHBHOCT ce H3BO,ITH y CBHM ue}lTpH.\fa, a oomm paJ(a je

IIo,Il,pyqje: HmHB aKTHBHOCTH:

CnopT, pHTMHKa, M)'3HKa CeJ(MHua - HeJ(jeJha

mmUBH,nyfulHH, jep CBaKO J(ujeTe pjernaBa rrp06neM y

MeTO,l.l,e pana: 06JTI1K paJ(a: Tpajau,e: MjecTO:

J(l1jaJIOrnKa, J(eMOIICYpaTI1BHa

CBOjOj KfbH3H. 3. OOmlTU1 KpeTafba y npupOJJ.H: -Tpqafbe IT Bje)K6e 3arpHjuBaJba, -xoJ(au,e, -npOBJIaqCu,e, -neu,au,e, -ilOCKaKHBaThe. IIoJUrroH je cKyn npenpeK3 Koje J(jeua Tpeoa J(a rrpe~y KopHcTenH pm,lJ1llHTe 06nHKe KpeTalha. CTenH OCHOBna 3H3u,a 0 caoopanajHHM npeB03HHM

IJ;I1Jb: AHJ(aKTHqKa Cpe,l.l,cTBa H MaTepl1jaJ1H:

CPPOHya.;lHH, rpyrTHH 20-25 MHH)'Ta y ytmOHHI.\li, y Kpyry HaY"IHTl1 J(aHe y He.njeJbl1 - ce/'l;MHI.\H onjenH nanHp, arTc1HKaunje

onHC AKTMBHOCTH 1. Y YBOJ(Y, rrpHLfaM ,njelJ,H npuqy 0 MaMH

Koja je UMana

cpeJ(cTBHM3., KaKO HX KOPHCTHTH H KaKO ce rrOH3maTH y

ceJ(MOpo ,njcUC. (KOpHCTI1M anmlKaUl1jc KaKO rrpwm CJTl1jCJ(H.) MaMa CCJ(l\1HlJ.a

ca06panqjy. PmBHjalne MaUlTe H Kpe3THBHOCTH.

6Hna je cpenHa, jep je l1MaJ1a CCJ(MOPO ,njcu:e. ilpBH jc OHO J(jCqaK H 3Bao ce IIOHc,njCJbaK. 11 ,l.l,pym jc OHO ,nje'l:aK KOMC jc cpcnHa MajKa J(aJ1a HMe YTOpaK. TpenH nyT MajKa je 6HJTa jam CpeOHl1ja, jep je J(06HJ1a ,njeBojT{HIJ,y H ,l.l,aJ1a joj HMe Ha cnOBO C - CpHjCJ(a. qeTBpTO no pe,Il,Y, orreT je 6no ,njeqaK H J(06110 HMe qeTBpTaK. IIeTo rro pe,Il,Y ,I(HjeTc 6HO je .njeqaK l1 J(06HO HMe TICTaK. illccTo

,[ljeIJ,y YCMjepaBanI J(a npaBe HCKTbyqHBO cao6panajHy MaKery H yrr03IIaBaTH HX J(a ce CHaJ133e y jaBHoM caoopanajy.

.JIHTEPATYPA

J(HjeTe - ,njCBojqHI.\a J(06Hna je TaKolje HMC Ha CJTOBO C - Cy6oTa. KaJ(a je pOJ(HJIa CCJ(MO J(HjcTe, o,nnyqmmje,I(a Bl1me He pal)a, a .njCBOjtmUU je J(aJ1a lIMe He.njeJha.

1. KaMe HOB, E. CnacojeBHn II.: MCTOJ(HKa HaCTaBHor paJ(a, 3aBOJ( 3a yl,l6eHlme H HaCTaBHa cpeJ(cTBa, C. CapajeBo

2. Epoja.JIHl~OM H3aocpeM .njeBoj'l:BIJ,y Koja ne 6HTB MaMa. Ha HCTl1 Ha1:J:HH H3a6epeM H OCTaTJY .njCL~y, Koja cToje HcnpeJ( MaMe H CBaKO J(BjeTe, Kao H MaMa,

2. KopaK no KopaK 2, rpyna ayTopa, KpeaTHBlfH lJ,eHTap 3. E.KaMeHoB, II. DaKOBHl1, II. CnacojeBHn, IIpBa Ku,Hra, 3aBoJ( 3a yuoeHHKe, C. CapajeBo.

y pYKaMa fie .I(p)KaTH nanHp ca CBOjHM l1MCHOM.

3. IIjeBaMo njecM)',

a ,njeua ce pc~~ajy HCrrpC,I( MfljKe.

ilPBB je iloHe,nje.Tb
(,[ljC'IaK cc nOMjepa narrpMjcJ(,)

APym HaMje }'TopaK, A Ypcnajc CpHjeJ(a.

{OCTaJ1a ;:tieu.a 3a U,l1M)

3aTHM, TaKO pCJ(OM, qeTBpTaK 3a CPl1jCJ(OM. IICTaK xonc nCTO ~cci.Q.. .

A Cy60Ta U1CCTO. Cc,n:Ma HaM je Hc,njcJba. PacnjcBaHa, Becena: (ileTaK H CyooTa cy KysapHli npHrip~Majy KOJraQC H OCTaJ1Y xpaHY KaKO 6H HeJ(jCJba 6llila pacnjeBaHa, BeCeJm.) . .

19-4

195

4. ,lfjel\a o.um13e Ha cBoja MjecTa rr .uO.nl1pOM 6rrpajy HOBY ,njel\Y, (5) i:tpyra .!iiel\a rrOJlaKO H3Jla3e, a CBI1 ycrryr qjeBajy rrjecMY, (6) I1jeBaM ca MajKoM, 110Ka3yjYflH Ha .!iiell,y Koja rrocMaTpajy, (7) 3aTHM rrjeBaMo pe.noM KaKO ,njel\a 113Jla3e HamalllaBajynH HMeHa, lllTO '1HHe H oeTana ,njel\a, a ,njel\a-.naHll y3 njecMY ce pelJ,ajy HCrrpeL\ MajKe. OBO ee MOJKe rrOHOBHTll BllIIle rryra L\a 6ll ce eBa .!iiel.la 113pClJ,aJIa II IJ,a 6H HaY'1HJlH qjecMY.

OCHOBHa IIIKona Pa3peL\: HaCTaBHHl\a: I10L\pyqje: Ha3HB aKTHBHOCTll: MeTOL\pa):(a: 06JIHKpa):(a: Epoj :Ujel\e: TpajaH,e: MjecTo: L(HJb paL\HOHlll\e:

«Mellia CeJIllMoBll1i» Y Hace06llHH JIHIIIlbH npBll CaBllI..\a JaIbllu Moja OKonllHa AKTllBHOCT COl\HO-eMOl\lloHa,lHor H KOrHllTllBHOr pa3Boja, llrpa "Eypa M03ra" L\lljanor, pa3rOBOp, MPll, I1,1J,C ~poHTanHH,rpyrrHH

rpyne no 5 yqeHHKa 25-30 MllHyra l\CHTap 3a yqeIbe I10MaraIbe ,njeTeTY y YpaJKeIbY KpeaTHBHHX aJITepHaTHEa (HAeja), pa3BHjaIbe MaUITe H ~JleKCH6HJlHOCTH Y MHIIIJbeIby, nOL\CTllI.\aIbe CJl060L\HOr l:l3pIDKaBalba II 3L\paBe rpyrme HmepaKl\Hje, pa3BHjaIbe L\pyrapcKHX OL\HOca.

)J;HL\aKTH'1Ka CpeL\CTBa H MaTeplljanH: rrpa3aH J1llCT narrHpa, onOBKa, nJIaCTMqHa Ka..'-ITa.

r JIABHll KOPAD;ll llpBII KopaK: YBOL\ y pa.n Ha pjelliaBalbY np06JIeMa.
196

197

OCTaBIITH HrpalfKe y my. CTaBHTH je Ha rnaBY Kao meWHp. KOPHCTHTH je 3a nrpaac KowapKC. CTaBHTIf y my npJbany oAjeliy. CTaBHTH y Fby Mao"IOr 6para. Ylfl1TeJb 6HJbe)KH Ii.I\cje H330KPY)!'YjC ORe Koje cy A06pe, opHTHRarrHe.

HacTaBHH npe)lMeT: Pa3pe,n:: HaCT3BH3 jC,'lI1Hm~a llrrrr, P3)1HOHl11.(e:

TIOTpe6aH M3TepFfj3JI: ,[(pyra rpyna: AMena ce TI;]alllHJ13 oZ\JJ3CKa y lllKO,lY 3aTO lllTO cy je Apyrc 1\ieBoj'UHJ,e 3aAHpKlmaTIe. illTa je ~!OrJla Z\a YPRAH? L\jeua Tpc6a Aa CMHCJle .ucceT CTBapn lwje 6H ypal\lma Kat( ce )Jjeua 3an:HpKyjy. HeKe H)l;eje: KIDKe y1:fHTeJhy. YAaTI,U ce. Hahn HeKora )1pyror CKHM lie ce HrpaTH. HCnJIa3H je3HK. TIIITaj HX WTa TC 3al\lIpKyjy. YlfHTec'b 3arrHcyje nn:eje II 3aoKpY)Kyje one Koje cMaTpa l\06PHM, 0pHrIUramUlM. Tpella rpyna: Y Kyhu ce HaJJ3311 jeZ\aH TeJJeBmop. AJJHCa H ,[(eHHc cy )KeJ'beJIH Y HCTO BpHjeMe .1\a rJIellajy pa3JJH'lHTe nporpaMc Ha TB-y. llITa cy MOrJIH .1\a ypa)1e? ,[(-HjeTe rpe6a Aa CMHcnH ):(eceT cTBapH Koje 6H YPa):(HJIO aKO 6H OH H ,[(pyr y HCTO BpHjcMe )l{e.:1eJ1H )Ia me)lajy pa3JIH1:fIITe nporpaMe Ha je'[(HOM TB-rrpHjeMH11KY. Morylle H,n:eje: TIocBaljarrH 6H ce Marro rJIe,n:aM ja, MarIO JlPYT. Y MOjO] KyliJ1 he 6IITH no Mo>!e. TIOIlITo je ,n:pyr y MojOj KYliH, )JOnyCTlllY FbeMY m60p. Y'lHTCJ'b rrpHJIa311 H rpelioj rpyIlli, 3anHcyje H,n:eje H 3aoKpY)l(yje OHe Koje cMaTpa ,n:06pHM. qeTBpnl KopaK: l'13BjellITaBaIne rpyn3, y3 rroMoh H3CTaBH11K3 Kp03 pa3rOBop. YK.JbY1:f11BaFbC H .L\pyrqjeue (CBl{X yqeHI1Ica). IIeTH KopaK: AHamna TOKa pana. meeT" KopaK: YOIIllITaBalhC pe3ymaTa H C11HTe3a ,n:06p11X H,[(eja y ... PA3PEA!lliYfOBOP.

CprrcKFfje3FfK

II KFbIDKeBHH TeKCT "TpewIbe" crrocOOHOCTI1 "crrOHTaHa qmeKc116HJIHOCT", BapHparhc HeKe 11;:(eje y IIlI1POKOM onccry (MHjcFhaFbe KJIace H.Il,eja 11 rrpCJlIDKeIbe I13 je.L\He y .L\pyry) ;meTHoH ca TeKCTOM, H3CTaBi:iI1 JIHcndlH, CBeCKe, OJlOBKe

KopaIl;H p3)1a

llPBH IWPll.K - YBO.L\ Y pa)I - yn03HaBaIt>e c3,lp)lmja TeKCT3: H3pmKajIlo 'fHTalf,e (yrrHTeJbH1.(a) Kpana ca)]'p)K3jlIa aH3Jll133 KOJl1 ce CrrOMl1lf,y y npli'II1, IbHXOBH rrOCTYIl1.(I1, IloYKa)

JI,PYHl: KopaK -
TpcnH KopaK YnYTcTBa 3a pa.L\ rpyrraMa - Ca)I3 OCTC P3,n:11TH 3a.L\aTKe 3aUHMJI>HBLUe o,n: palmjHX H TO no rpynaM3. CBaKa rpyrra ,n:06Hne HaCTaBHH JlHCT11n y KojeM je 3arrHC3H caMO rrpB11 .L\110 rrpI1'fe 'TPElUlbE". 3a)IaTaK rpyrre je )Ia CMHCJlI1 3aBpWCTaK rrpHLfC. 0 RaCTaBKy rrpl1'le ,n:orOBOp11Te ce y rpyIlH. To llITO )10roBOpHTC rrpno HaIII111I11Te y cBecKY, a 3aT11M 113BpllIl1TC HeOrrXOI':lHe HcrrpaBIce. Ka):( TO ypa,n:IITC, npeIlHIJI11Te HaCTaBaK rrpHlfC Ha HaCTaBH11 JIHCTun. BallIa rrp11Lfa Tpe6a )Ia je He0611LfHa 11 ,n:a ce pa3JI11Kyje 0)1 OHC C ,"I11CTUna 3aJIlljcIlJ'bCHOr y CBCCKaMa.

qeTBpTH KopaK CaMOCTarraH pa,'l; rro rpyrraMa 3a.1\a1.(11 rpynaMa IIpBH )I110 rrpjfqe 11CTnje33-CBe rpyrre.

TIpBa rpyna TpellIFbe. . . . . "K3)1 ro,n: 6aKa HellJToje)IC,1:')( ci-Halje 11 MaJa)I3 C FbOM rrOi':lCJI11. MaMaje )IOHeJla rrpBe TpellIFbe: ... .(OBrtie ce np11rra MlfjeH,a) CTaBI1JIa je TpeU1H>e .fui CTO II peKJIa: "Majo, MOJIHM 'Ie TIo,[(I1jeJI11 OBe TpeliIIbe!'

199

,Il;pyra rpyna KM rOJ( 6alea HelllTO je)l,e, 1)' ee Barye If Mll,ja)l,a C fbOM nOJ\eJIH. MaMaje J\OHeJIa rrpBe Tpeilll-be... (OB)l,je ce llpl:!'!a MHjelha.) 3aMOJIH,laje Mmmna J\a rrOJ\l1jeJIH rpelIIfbe.

Tpena rpyna TpelIllhe KaJ\ rol.\ 6aKa HClIlTO jeJ\e, 1)' ce Barye l'l Maja J\a c fbOM nOJ\eJll1. MaMa je J\one;m npse Tpcilllbe ... (OBJIje cc llplFla Ml1jetba). MaMa je 3aMOJUIJIa 6aKY J\a rro;ulje,l11 TpelIIfbe.

611Tll 3aje,ll,HHqKH, rpyrrHH. 3aje,ll,HO ra CMHCJlHTC. O,ll,pC,ll,HTe KO ne IIHcaTH, a KO npC3eHTOBaTH.}} neTH KopaK -BO)]'HTeJha fpyna H3BjellITaBajy, a CBll OCTaJIH Y'IeHHUH nIDKlbHBO CJIYlIIajy. Harpa,D,llTH CBaKY rpyrry anna}'30M. meCTH KopaK - AHaJIH3a CTBapanaqKOr npoueca H pe3YJITaTa pa)],a -lllTa BaMje 6HJlO HajTe)!(e y npHqafbY np~e? - eBe rpyne cy A06po HaTIHCane HaCTaBaK npllqe, jep CTe 3ajeAHo PMHJlH H ycnjelIIHo ce AorOBapanH. Ce)l.MH (WpaK - YorrllITaBal-he pe3YJITaTa paJ\a. - lllTa CMO AaI-IaC HayqllJIll? (,lJ;a ce rrpI1qa MOiKe HaCTaBI1TH.) Ko je RarrHcao Haj3aRHMJbIfBHjll HaCTaBaK rrp~e? KaKO ce 30Be oHaj KO I1HlIIe rrpllqc? lllra CTe jOlli HaytII1JIH? OCMH KopaK: - 3aJ\araK 3a CaMOCTaJIaH pa,Il; IlpWIa Ha J1HCTHny MQ)K):(a II HlljC 3aBpllIena. 3aBplliI1 je II HamllIIll llITa TH MI1CJII1lli 0 OBOj MajH.

lleTBpTa rpyna

TpelIllbe KM rol.\ 6aKa HelIlTO jeJ\e, 1)' ee Ha1)e H Maja ,ll,a C fbOM rrOJ\HjeJIH. MaMa je ,ll,O!mjeJIa llpBe TpelIItbe. (OB)Jje ce llpliGa Mlljefba.) MaMaje CTaBI1Jla TpelIIfbe aa CTO.

neTafpyna TpelIllbe KaJ\ 1'01.\ 6aKa HelIlTO je,ll,e, 1)' ee HalIIe II Maja ,ll,a C fbOM nO)l,eJIH. MaMa je ,ll,OHeJIa rrpse Tpcilllbe. (OB)J,je ce llPH'Ja Ml1jefba.) KaJ\ ce MaMa Bpa'fHJm e noeJIa, TpeIllafba 1ll1je 6HJIO.

meCTarpyna Tpeilllbe _ KaJ\ rOI.\ 6alca HeillTO jeJ\e, Ty c~-Ha1)e i1 lYiaja ,ll,a: C fbOM rrOJ\eJIH. MaMa je ,ll,oHeJIa npBe Tpeilllbe. " _." (OB)Jje ce rrpwJa MHjefba.) . _, __"_ _ •KaJ\ ce MaMa BpaTllJIa CrrOCJIa, Majy je 6o:n.iiocTOMaK. ---

I1oHaB;bajynH: "HaCraBflTe rrpw1)', -amI TaKO nITO heTe jOllI jeJ\HOM rrpO'll-lTaTl1 3al.\aTaK llOCTaBJheH rpymr. ,lJ;OroBopllTe ce OKO HaCTaBKa. OH Mopa 200

201

OCHOBHa mKOJm: Pa3pe.u: HaCTaBHIma: HaCTaBHI1 rrpe):\Mcr: HaCTaBHa jeIlJ1HlHl,a: Tun qaca: [Xl1..lh qaca:

"HeMafha BJTaTKOBfin" y illHTIOSY

V hOCHJbKa PaljeH CpncKH je3HK 06P3g3 6acHe J1a6yfJ" mT}'Ka II paK o6pana HOBora rpa.uHBa CTllrr31-be 3HaIl>a 0 6acHH II H,L\HBH,CI,)'aJT113 al\Hj a rrpo[(eca yqefha 3a CBe KaTeropl1je yqeHl1Ka, y3 M3KCl1MfulHO aKTHBHpar-be yqeHl1Ka rrpH OOpa,L\H rpa,L\l1sa.

HeCJJO)l(Ha 6pana nporral1a Kyna. CJ10)l(Ha 6pana ):(Bope rpa,Lie, a HeCJ10)l(Ha pa3rpa1}yjy. TeLflKo KynH y lmjoj CITore HeTl1a.

5.KATEroP!1JA - CHHTE3A 1. Kojaje BpH'je):(Ha nOYKa (rropYKa) Ca,llp)l(aHa y OBOj 6acHII? 2. ITpemmUlu3 6acHe peQeHI1Ifj1 y KOjOj je C3.Ilp)l(aHa nOyKa. 3. H3MHCJTH H Hammm Jl:pyratmjn 3aBpmCTaK OBe 6acHc. 4. IirryCTPyj OBY 6acH)! 6 .KATErOpmA-EBA)lYA~mA 1. KaICaB 6u )],pyratmjH HaCJTOB Morao ,llaTH OBOj 6anH-I?

2. nOYKY aBe 6aCHe HCK3)KU y 06mlKY nOCJlOBl1l\e. KOPAI:(I1PA)l;A

KopalC YBO):(He H3CT3Bue aKTHBHOCTH ITpoqHraliy 6acrry J1a6yg, mT}'Ka 11 paK. CJ1l1jeJl,ll KpaTaK pa3rOBOp 0 npll"IH, KpaTRO Tlo):\cjenafbe H3 osy SpCT)' rrpJ1'1e (6aCHa). YqeHHKe li)' TlO):(HjeJTHTll y meCT XOMoreHHX rpyna (l-Ja OCHOBY ThllXOnHX llH,ll.lIBH,L\yarulHx MorynHocTH H pe3YJ1TaTa y yqelhy 113 cpnCKor je3I1Ka, ¢OPMHpaTli rrapOBe yHyrap rpyrra rro MjeCT)' cje.uefha). ITo.uI1jeJlHliy HM rrHTafha H 3a.uaTRe no HHBOHMa 3Hafha. )l,pyrn KopalC I1H):(HBHnyaJTHH pa.u yqeHHKa 11 pa.u y napy. ITpH'lafha 113a):\3Im rro KaTeropnjaMa: 1. KA TEfOPHJA - ITAMTlEI1E KOjH cy JJl1KOBI1 OBe 6aOIe? Cjerl1 ce rllje H RaKO )l(Ime OBe )!CHBOTl1fhe? llira cy j~,llHOM 3
3. illTa cu HayqI10 113 OBe 6acHe? 4. HaBe.uI1 npHMjep I13 )KIIBOTa KojI1 rOBopH )],0 qera MO)l(e ,llOseCTI1 HeCJJOra.

TpeliH Kop;:m: 3aBpuIHe HaCTaBHe aKTIfBHOCTH ITapoBH caoTIu!T(majy O,Il,rOBOpe If pjemCl-ha. Ha Ta6JTH 3aTInCaTH pHjeqn RJII1 Te3e Koje rrpe3eHTyjy o)],r0sope. 3a,llaL(H 3a CaMOCTaTraH pa)],: Cjem ce JOIll Koje nOCJJOBHu;e Koja je CJ1HqHa OBOj 6acHR H o6jacHH je. CBe TO 3arrHIllH y CBeCKe.

2. KATEfOPHJA - CXBATAI1E -

ITo 'lCM,Y Tlperr03Hajem 6acHY y OBOj rrjeCMI1? 3allIro Je rrHCaL( o,lla6pao 3a OBY 6acHy ITTUrry, pu6y 11 paKa? 3allIro OBe )KI1BOTHfhe HUCY MOfJ1e,lla MaKHy (rrOKpeHY) ICOJ1a? ITPOH~ryl1 y TeKCT}' pe'1eHlllJY Koja o6jaWl-baBa p3.3J10r tbHXOBor HeYCTlJexa.

3. KATEroPHJA - ITPHMJEHA

-

Kojy MHcao CaOTIWTaBa mICaL( Ha rrOqeTKY OBe 6aCHe? llira MHCITI1W ,lla J1H ne ce HKa,ll TIOKpeHYTU KOJIa .y l«()ja CY" ynpefHyTll J1a6y):l, mT}'Ka H paK? llira 6H rl1 caBjeToBao OBI1M )J(l1BOTI1ThaMa? ql1je OC06IIHe je rrHCaL( .uao rra6y,lly, IllT}'Kl1 H paKY? J
4. KATEfOPHJA - AHAJTl13A 1. Kojaje r.rraBl1a OC06uHa OBUX )l(IiBOTl1fha?

2. KaKBe oco6mIe '10BjeKoBe HCTI1'1e OBa 6acHa? 3. 06jacHI1 3Ha'lefhC rrOCJ10BHua 0 HeCJJ0311: Cl0roM pacT}' MaJJe cTBapH, a Hecrrora CBe rrOKBapH.

202

203

OCHOBHa lllKOJIa: Pa3pe,ll: HaCTaBHl1l1a: HaCTaBHl1 npe,llMeT: HaCTaBHa je,lll:lHl:lua: Tl1rrqaca: MaTepl1jaJI 3a pa,ll: HacTaSHe MeTO,lle:

HACTABHI1 JII1CT 6p. 1

«Meilla Ce;lHMOBHlh) Y Haceo6mfH nl111UhH

III 1. I10JlBY~H TalfHC oJlrosope! I1pHQa "KOFb H Marape" je ______ ):\)'fa OHa rOBopH _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 0 JbYJ\l1Ma )J{HBOTITFbe ce nOHaIllajy npHpO,L(HO Y 110HamaFbY rrOKa3yje cBoje oco6rme OBa npHQa BeMa noyKY OBa rrpHlfajc 6ajKa

J1lIJbaHa fajHn CpncKllje3HK Pa,n, Ha 6acHH "KoFb H Marape" o6paJ\a HOBOr rpa,llHBa reKCT, ,1HcrHUH ca 3a.uaL(l1Ma MCTOJ\C aKTHBHOr yqCFba; pjeIllaBaFbe rrpo6ncMa

ilpsif KopaK - Y SOJ\ Y pjelllaBalhe rrp06JIeMa.
Jil3sjellITaSaFbe npe,llCTaBHI1Ka rpyna Y3 Kpatm

ileTn KopaK - AHMH3a TOKa pa,lla Ha pjemaBalhY npo6neMa H or.ljeHa pa,lla rpyna. illeCTIf KopaK - YonlllTaBaFbe pe3ynTaTa H CHHTe3a 3HaFba CeAMIf KopaK - 3aJ\aBaFbC J\oMaher 3aJ\aTKa CaCTaBJbafbe cnHcaKa (JlBHje KonOHe) .JbYJlCKHX nl1jerrHx oco6HHa (BpmfHa) IT p~HHX oco6HHa (MaRa).

204

KpaTKa o )!(HBOTHFbaMa Kao .Jby.LJ:H oco6HHe .JbYJlH HMa nOyKy 6aCHa

2. KopHCTehH nO.LJ:BYlJeHe pHjelJH, o6jacHH IllTa je 6acHa.

KOJ±,

3.I1pBa pelfCHHL(a y 6acHH "KOlh H Marapc" maCH: "I1YTOBarm 3aje.LJ:HO Marape". Kojl1 cy nHKOBH HajaBJbeHH TOM peQeHH~OM?

U

. 6 aCHa "KOFb H Marape"?. 4. Ha Koje .JbYJ\CKC MaHe YKa3YJe

5. illTa je KOFb y 6acHH "KOlh H Marape", Ha Kpajy cXBa.'mo?

6. ,D;pyra peQeHl1n;a Y TeKcry maCH: "Ja,L(HO Marape, ~peKO Mjepe HaTOBapeHO, 3aMonH KOFba Jla My nOMorHe II nOHece J\HO TcpeTa, Jep he HHaQ~ H3.LJ:axHYTH". Koje cy oco6uHe Marapn;a HCKa3aHe OBOM pCqeHI:lL(OM.

7. Hasc,L(H oco6HHe KOlha:

HACTABHH JIHCT 6p. 2

1. Y 6acHu"Kolh H Marape" KOIh je noc1)TIHo: a) npujaTeJbCKll, rrOMarao MarapeTy, .5) 6e30cjehajBo '. B) HeripoMHi:IIJPefIo 3aoKpY)IM:niqaH oJ\roBop!

Kojape~eHH~~

2. Ka3)rjeo nocryrrKy KOIha? I1penHmuje. , ~3:KaKBe .JbY.ll.e.riperro3HajeIll Y JIHKy KOFba?

205

4. Koja 6H 6l1JIa rroyr
OCHOBHa IlIKOJla: Pa3pc.n:

5. Harrl1IllH pe'lemn.IY KOjOM je mp81KeHa rroYKa!

HaCTaBHH rrpe,n:MeT: HaCTaBHa je)1HHHI~a: Pa,'l,HOHl1ua: I.(HJh pa;ruwrlHue:

HaCTaBHH~a:

PHJEIIII1 PEEYC:

HaCTaBHe MeTo.ne:

«MeIlIa CeJIHMOBlin» y Haceo6HHH J1HllIH,H

IV YnlL'haHa lajI1U CpnCKU je3l1K 06pa,n:a npli'IC "BjeTap H CYHIJe" «HaijH rpeIIIKy» I1o,n:cnu.(alf>e C;1060,'l,HOr H3pa)KaBaFha H 3aCTynaFha .UpyrHX, pa3BHjaFhe rpyrme HIITepaKUT~e pa,n:OM Ha 3aje,n:HW1KOM 3a,n:aTKy. MeTO,n:e aKTHBHor yqeFha, pa,'l,a Ha TeKCTy, pa3rOBOp.

K

r JIABHH ROP AI(H

6. Kora Marape rrpe,n:cTaBJM Y OBOj 6acHH:

7. Ka,'\je rrpnjaTCJb Y HeBO.'bH: a) rroc1yrrHneMo Kao KOFh Y 6acHH, 6) TPYLlHneMo ce ,n:a IvlY lIITO BHIIIe rrOMOfHeMO. Jby,n:n KOjH ce Metjyco6Ho BOJIe H rrOIIITyjy: a) TPYLle ce ):(a Metjyc06Ho rrOM81ky je.naH .IJ:pyroMe, 6) ):(a ce, ITO rroTPe6u, O,n:PH'iY 3a .npyrora, B) HCKpeHH cy H cp.naqHH. HaBe,n:I1Te H BH HeKe rrpHMjepe TaKBor rrOHaIIIaFba Metjy Jhy,n:HMa.

206

ITpSlf IwpalC HaCTaBHHK ,n:HjeJ1H yqeHHKe y rpyrre. CBaKa rpyna ,n:aje ce6u "aTpUKTHBHO HMe". 2. kWpaK: HacTaBIIHK (m:m jc,rraH yqeHHK) qFlTa npw'Y BJETAP I1 CYHL(E (LfHTaHKa TV Pa3pc.n, CTp. 8.) IWpO;'\lfa rrpHnOBIUCTKa. 3. IWpaK: CBaKa rpyna rrpaBH cBoj rrJ1aH rrpIPfC (Te3e, KTh)rtIHH rrojMoBH, Kpane pe'Iemu:(e). 4. KOpaK: CBaKa rpyrra y CBOj fIJIaH ynO/l;H "rpeulKY". 'TpCl1lKa" MO)Ke

6wm: a) 06pTaFhe YJIora - cBHperro CYHue H 6JIam CjeBepau, 6) Pa,n:Fha Kao y upmny - CjeBepau H CYHue cy rrpHjaTeJhH, B) CMeTFha - CBe je y pe,n:y, aJIH CYHue HHje pacrrOJIQ)J(eHO ,n:a cMja HJIH cjeBepau He MO)Ke ,n:a ,n:ysa. OCTaJIe "rpeIIIKe" rrperrycTHMo MalIlTH ,n:jeue, rpyrra. 5. KOPaI':: Ca,n:a CBaKa rpyna HMa CBOjy npe3efITaUHjy npHpomarmo, H3HOmeIbeM yrHcaKa yqeHHKa 0 TOMe KaKO cy ce ocjenallH y TOKY pa,n:a Ha OBOM 'lacy ("TepMOMeTap cTaBOBa"). YKOJIIiKO 6y,n:e BpeMeHa, rpyne MOry Bpe,I(HOBaTH npe3eHTaUHje OCTaJIl1X rpyrra, (Haj60oba rpyna - HajmlIIIe 60JIOBa). HeKe HAeje: MHJIOIIIny Ii ,n:06POTOM MQ)ice ce MHoro BHIIIe ypamHH Hero JhYTFhOM. JIHjerra pHjeq rB03,n:eHa BpaTa OTBapa.

207

OCHOBHa ruKOJla: Pa3pe~:

HaCTaBHllK: HaCTaBHH rrpe~MeT: HaCTaBHa je~HHHua: Tllrr 'Iaca: HaCTaBHe MeTo.ne:

06JIllK p~a:

«Mellia CCJlliMOBlln» y Haceo6llHH JIHIllIhll III

JA CAM rJIA)J;AH.

JA CAM rJIA,lJ;AH!

J111JbaHa fajHl1 CprrcKIlje31lK Y3SllqHe peqeHlUW Bje)K6alhe ~HjaJIOlliKa, .nllcKyc~tie y MaJlHM rpyrraMil, MeTO~a pa~a

ca TeKCrOM, MeTO.na rrllCaHllX pa):lOBa, rrpe3eHTaUHJa, llJlycrpal.\IlJe. )J,a yqeHIlK npaBIlJlHO H3roBapa pelJ.eHllue; rrpaSIDlHO ynoTpllje6l1l1HTepnYHKl.\~CKe 3HaKe, ):Ia Y0lJ.aBa H llCrrpaBlba rpelliKe pOHTanHl1l1 rpylIHH

Pa.nIDlH CMO pelJ.eHllue no 3HaQelhY. HaYQIDlll CMO .na ce OHe Pa.3JIll'iIlTO H3rOsapajy, llMajy Pa3JUflJ.llTe 3HaKose Ha Kpajy II HMajy Pa3JIIlQl1TO 3Haqeffie. Tp3.)KHM no je):laH npllMjep .na Mll yqeHllUll KIDKy. HaKOH Tora rrOHOBIlMO 0 Y3BllQHHM peQeHlluaMa .na OHe mpIDKasajy Pa3JlfllJ.HTa ocjeliaH,a, 3arroBHjeCT. 3arrHcyjeM HaCJIOB Ha Ta6m! Y3BHQHe pelJ.eHHue. TIo.nlljeJIHM npllrrpeMlbeHe HaCTaBHe JlIfCTOBe rro rpynaMa (4 rpYlIe) ca npHrrpeMJbeHIfM 3a~aUIfMa. TIpBa rpyrra: 1. TIope):l csaKe pe'-leHIfue HamHlll1 IlITa OHa I13pIDlC3.Ba. I10rJIeAaj CKyrr pIfjeQll: - )J;OHeCll MIf KlbHry! _ _--,-_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ - MaMa, A06IDla caM nerl1u.y! _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ - MHoro JIIDKeru, MOM'-le! -;-_ _-,-_ _ _ _ _ _ __ - Ox, KaKO 6llX )KeJUfO sllL\ieTll Mope! _ _ _ _ _ _ __ - Jao, norne.naj, 3Mllja! _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ 2. KaKo ce je.nHIfM HMeHOM 30BY OBe peqeHHue? _ _ _ _ __ - IIITa IhHMa HCKa3yjeMo? _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ - KOjH 3HaK CTOjH Ha Kpajy TIlX peQeHHua? _ _ _ _ _ _:-;3.YBje)K6ajre pa3Jm'-lHre HaQl1He H3pIDKaBaIha ~, 6Hjeca, cTpaxa, pa):locTH. I1pHrrpeMHTe ce .na rJIYMllre y 0J.\ielbe1hY . .n;pyra rpyrra: 1. HarrHlllH peqeHHIl;e KojHMa nern 1l3pa3HTH CTpax SeJIllKY )KelbY _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ pa):loCT ____________- - -_______________________ 3arroBIfjecT ______________________________

208

2. TIo qeM.y ce Pa3JIIfKyjy OBe pel.feHHue:

HaBe.nHTe If BH ABa OBaKBa rrpHMjepa:

3.TIoro.nHTe ocjeliaIha HCKa3aHa OBllM pel.feHlluaMa? - He HarHILH ce Kp03 rrp03op! _ _ _ _ _ __ - Ypa, rr06Ifje)JJIJIll cMoI ____________ - EHO ):(yrel _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ___ I1pIfrrpeMI1Te ce Aa EX Bll H3rOBOpkiTe. Tpena rpyrra 1. HammIll y OAPH'-lHOM 06;!HKY OBe peQeHl1ue: - Y.eKajTe MIDlorua! _ _-:-_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ - JeJleHa, M)],M Y ABopMW1'el _______________ 2. I1oMohy PrUe'fM MaMa, 1'a1'a, JlOITfa, CaC1'aBl11'e pe'fCHHlJ,C Koje H3pIDKaBajy pa)],OCT, 6Hjec, DIY.

3.I1m.lOny KOHTYpa maBe, O'-lHjy, o6pBa, Hoca H YCTa CJIHKOM rrpHKIDKHTe:

PaIl,OCT

.

blfjec

:.

<. H~oH3aJeAI.uiY:Kor pa,Ua rro rpYllaMa, H3BjecTHouH he ,Ua pe4JepIfru.y 0 3a.na:UHl'.1aJ1 IbllXOBHM pjerueIhMMa. HeTa'-lHa pjeweIha hy 3alll1Cam Ha Ta6Jlll, rraneMo H~ 3ije'ul:lMQJ(l1 pl1.jewllTM (MQ)K,L(a ca yqeHHlJ,HMa H3 HeKe Apyre rpyne).

209

OCHOBHa WKOJla TIpe,ll,MCT: Pa3pC,[J,: HaCT3BHI1l\a: HaCTaBH3 o6nacT: HacTammje,[J,lUfHll,a: HaCT3BHl1 MO,[J,eJr: Tim 'laca: 06JTI1l(H paga: MilTepl1j3Jl: HaCTaBHe MCTO;J:C: L~IUh pa,[J,a:

HaquH
«BYK KapaUHh» y Je3epy CprrCKH jC3!lK

VIII ~panma JOBHh KThml\CBnOCT KmICH MH, KmKH, JOBaH JOBaHOBHh 3Maj HaCTaBa pa3nl1'HiTI1X Hlmoa CJlO:>KCHOCTH 06pa1\a HOBora rpa;:uma KHBOT)' QOBjeKa C'by6aB je HajJberrWe JbY):\CKO nallie).

- [pyne cy tjJopl.mpaHe H3 OCHOBY ycnjcxa H3 cprrCKor je3HK3 rrOCTl1fH)'TOr Ha Kpajy IllKOJICKe rO):llme Y ce,I\MOM pa3pe1\Y.

Tm>: qaca

lIpsH KopaK: - TIpl'mpeMHe aKTHBHOCTH (rrpaje HacTaBe): a) Bje:>K6a I HHBoa C,lOlKenOCTH: pa,I\l1hc yK6a II HHBoa CJ10lKeHOCTH: pa1\Hne yqeHI1ll,H KOjH cy HMami ;J,06ap ycnjex. , ..B) sj,e)!(6a'IIi RHBoa C)TQ)KeHOCTH: pa,I\Hne O,I\JIH'lHH Y'ICHl1I~H. ,llpyni KopaK: - 3aje,I\HHQKe YBOJ:(He aKTllBHOCTH ";D;a'ITH cC,cjen3Te rrpBl1X CTHXOBa 11 rrjecaMa KOjc CTe HaY'THJIH? ,~a :3HaTe KO je HllTIl1cao njecMe nennlpH11y, wapeHt.ll1tiy, MaJm ~ofbimiI~rratmja IllKOJla, Anaje ,len oBaj CBeT? 'CBii':CTe 'qyml 3-a JOB3Ha JOB3HOBI1na 3Maja H lLeroBe ,c\iclmje , ";[l,aH~cheMO .ce yn03HaTH ca jom jelJ;HOM llicrOBOM rrjccMoM (3arrncyjeM Ha , 'T36!IU);,

210

Ka:lKU MH, K3)KH lOBaH JOB3HOEHn JOBaH 1. 3Maj poljeH je 1833. rO,UvfHe y H0J30M Ca;ry. 3aBpwHo je rrpaBa, Bo:mo KH,IDKeBHOCT. TIpC,J:CTaBIlHK je pmlaHTl13M8. HHje DHcao caMO Ben li P0,UOJI,y6IiBY, caTHpwnry H Jby6aBH)' flOC3Hjy. Hajn03HaTHjc l~ieCH:WIKe 36HPKC HaCTaole cy y 3aHOCY BeJ1HKe Jby6aBH npeMa :>KeHJ1 (llym1hH, 1864) H Y ,)KaJIOCTH ra je o6Y3eJ13 K3J(3 MY, jeARo 3a JJ:pymM, y'l1IIPY J1 cynpyra. YBemH1, 1882). TIjecMa Ka:>KH MJ1, KaJKH je xvn y Je OnjeBaO CBOjy BeJIHKY }f,y63B npel'>1a eynpy311 PYll{!1 PY:>(3). 3Maj je y fbOJ BlIJ(HO C3BPlIICHO na je cBoja ocjenafba H3pa31I0 nOJleTHHM CJlHK3:'vW. je 1904. ro,!\HHe, "Ca,aa Iiy 01\pel\HTOnaTH l1jecMY, a BH 6Y1\HTe n3:>KJbHBH". EMOL\HOHaJIHa naY3a, TIOHOBO K33yjeM rrpBH CTI1X H OqeKyjeM npHxB3T3H,e yqeHHK3. AKO ce TO He ):lOrO,lH, Ka3yjeM CTHXOBC ):\0 npne ujcnHlcle: Kall(!1 MH KaKBo/l1Me ,Ua TH JJ:aM. YqeHJ1I(H H3Hoce MHIIL'beFhe 0 rrjecMn. HajaBa Ha"lHHa pana: y rpyrmMa. CS3KJ1 YL ICllJ1K Tpe6a Aa aKHmHO Y'IeCTByje y pa.IlY. Ha HHCTHne neTe yrrHcaTH O,lronope OKO Kojrrx ce y rpynn ,UoroBOplITe. TpenH IWpaI~: - Pa)], Y rpynaMa (rfHTepaKTHBHO Bjell(6albe) ITIITafba Ha Koja 11e yqellH!.U'l O,LJ,rOBopHTH no rpyrraMa cy CTbeJ(ena: ilHTalb3 II 3a):\aIUI no KaTerOpI1jaM3 H HI1BOI1Ma: BjeiK6a A (rraM11efbe H pa3Yl\HljeB31-be): 1. Koje cy Hajrro3HaTHje 36npKe rrjecaMa JJ.3Maja? 0 qel'>1)' ORe roBope? 2. Ha KOJIHKO qjeJlHH3 MQ)Ke'l10 IIO,lHjeJ1HTH ony njecMY? 3. Kojoj npenr TIOe3Hje rrpHTI3J(a OBa rrjecMa? 4.11lTa je TeMa, a lIITa LlaBrlH MOTHn rrjecMe? 5. Koje je OCHOBHO ocjenafbe 33CT)%'beHO y I1jec~lH? Bje:>K6a b (rrpHMjeHa 11 aHalH3a): 1. Koje pHje
211

Bje)Koa B (CHIITe3a H eBanyaUllja) 1. Y Jhy6aBllOj njecMH flOCBencnoj BOJhellOj )Kenl1, Mory ce flojaBHTH HaroBjelllTajH pO/ioJhy6Jha. KOjOM je ptUe'fjy Taj CnOpe/iHH MOTHB 03HaQeH y njecMu? 2. Y OBOj rrjecMH 3Maj ce KOPHCTl10 11 CTl1J1CKUM H3pmrcajHI1M Cpe/iCTBl1Ma: a) errUTeTI1Ma, 6) MeTarpopaMa. IIpeno3Haj HX 11 HarmillH. 3. OCHM CTHJICKHX rpHrypa, KOjH cy OOJlHIIH pHje'-ll1 rrOCJlY)Kl1J1l1 njecHI-ucy .ua Il3Pa3U cBOjy lbC)KHOCT 11 pa3/iparaHocT? 4. I1.ueja njecMc jc? 5. a) ga JlHje njeCHYIK Halliao rrpaBy pHje<13a CBOjy Jby6aB? 6) HaBe)l)1Te HeKOJIHKO rrpHMjepa Pl1jC'fU Jwjl1Ma Ol1CTC BH Ha3BaJll1 CBOjy Jhy6aB? OJ(roBOPI1 Ha IlI1TafLa no BjC)K6aMa: Bjc)l(oa A: 1. nYJIHUH - rOBopc 0 BenHKoj JbyoaBu H 3aHocy npeMa )!(eHH. nymID.11 YBCOIIH - rOBopc 0 )l(,lJIOCTH 3a YMPJIOM pjCIIOM H cynpyroM. 2. 2\Ba 2\Hj eJm 3. Jby6aBlia njccMa 4. JbyoaB 5. Jhy6aB, 3aHeceHocT, fLe)KHOCT, o.L\YIlieBJheHOCT Bje)Koa B:

1. ,nUKO, CHaro, JlaHe, onaro, .L\YIliO, ,l\paro, 3nary. JlenIlie, MI1JIHje, CJIalje, .uWfHHjc, pYMeHH IIBHjeT 2. a) H 6) 3. OJ(YIliCBJheHoIliny, lbe)J(HoIliny, 3aHOCOM 4.noneTan

5. nCTepIIl1l1 mecTepIIH 6. nnje (caMo flOnerJ:tie) Bje)!(oa B: 1. Cp6HH 2. 6,1a1'o - ,[Iparo 6Hne, nane - MJ1a,[lO )KCHCKO 6l'ihe, pYMeHl1 IIBl1jeT 3. o6rm.QH l1MnCpaTHBa, HMCHHIIC y BOKaTl1],>y,npH)JjcsH y KOMnapaTHBY 4. J1y6aB je HajJbCniliC JhY,l\CKO oejenatbc: . 5. a) Hujc 6) JIyqC, aHijc_1c, millC .... '. . .. l.J.empTii KopaK: - KoOnCparMBHO Bpc1l,m5BafbeyoKBHpy 'rpyne - ITpe3elnal(yUa O,l\rOBopa n 3aje,l\HlI'IKI1 KQMcH-r;apn .. ' . . llCTIl KopaK: - 3aBpiliHe aKTI1BHOCTI1 11 Bpe,l\?OBafbC pa,l\a rpyna. Pa3roBOp ca YQeHI1L\I1Ma 0 pa.n;y H yTHcL\mia.··· ..

212

HaCTaBHHL\a: Pa:3pe.n;: HaCTaBHI1 npe,l\MeT: Pa,ZlHOHHL\a: HaCTaBHa j e,l\I1HHIla: IIoTpeoHI1 MaTep!1jaJI: ~HJh pa,l(nOHHIIc:

3aropKa Tpl1Bl1h

VI CpncKH je3llK MlucpaKTHBHo yqClbC y cTBapaJraqKoj HaCTaBH JIoKaTl1B HaCTaBHH JIHCTHtm, CBCCKC, yu6eHHK CpncKn je3l1K n KyJITypa H3paAcaBalba yn03HaBafbC Y'ICHHKa ca 3HaqelbeM JIOKaTnBa, npaBHJ1Ha ynoTpe6a rra,l\e)lCa, 60ranefbC pjeqHHKa, ocnoco6JhamU-be Y1.ICHl1lCa 3a CaMOCTaJIaH cTBapanay.Kn Pa,l(.

IIpBn KopaK: YBO,l\ y pa,l\ IIOlIOBHfH 0 BpcraMa PHjCql1 (MMa !1X ,l\eCcT). KaKo CMO ITX nO)llljeJIl1Jln? (HpoMjeIL'bHBe n HcnpoMjcHJbHBC). 3alliTo HMeHHIIC, 3aMjcHHIIe, rrpn)ljemf cna)lajy y npoMjerL'hl1BC (HMajy pa3J1WIHTe 06J111Ke). Tn Pa3J1I1Y]fTl1 06JInu,n cy na)lC)IUl. Y HallieMjc3ITKY HMa CCnaM na,ZlC)Ka. ,n:o ca,L(a CMO llX yn03HaJIH meCT. Ha6pojaTH llX. ,Il,pyru KopaK: I1cTHl(afbC l(H.Tha qaca. ,nal!aC heMo o6paijHBaTH na,l\C)K Kojrr ce 30Be J10K3THB. Ha Ta6mr l1llmCM lIaCJIOB. Ca,l\a hCTc pa,l\nTH 3a,l\aTKe no rpyrmMa. Tpcnn KopaK: cDopMHpalbe rpyna 3a CaMOCTaJIaH paL\ CB3Ka rpyna HMa pa3JIHqHTC 3aL\aTKC. IIopjcJIa HaCTaBHllX JJHCTllha. l.J.eTnpTH KopaK: CaMOCTaJIaH pa,l\ no rpyrraMa 3a,l\al(n no rpynaMa IIpBa rpyna:

1. O,l\PC,l\H cnY)K6y 110,llBy9CHHX pnjCqll. Koja mlTafba MO)KeMO nOCTaBHTll y BC3H C lbHMa. ITo ,[IaHY cje,l\HO caM Ha 6aJIKaHY. Y C06Hjc BJIa,ZlaJIa HHjeMa TUIliHHa. MHPHC KaCHe jeccHH ocjcna cc y Ba3/iY'XY. Y nBopHlliry MC qCKaJla MaMa. Pa3ronaparm CMO 0 y'ICfby. no ,l\aHY _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ Ha6aJIKoHy _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ y C06H Y Ba3,l\yXy _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ Y ,llBOpl1mry _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ o qCMy _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

..•. ._.

Koja III1Talha CTe nOCTaBHJm?

213

lllTaje nO,I(ByqeHO OCHM HMeHHl\e? JIoKaTI1B

,L\pyra rpyrra I. lllTa 3Haqe rrOJJ:ByqeHe puje
nOB

Maja npf!J1a3H CTOJIllIlJf. Maja cje.]}! Ha CTOJIUU,U. KojHje n3JJ:elK non:ByqeHe pHje'lH y rrpBoj, a KOjU y .n.pyroj peQCHl1UH?

2. 06jaClll'lTC pa3,1I1KY H3MelJy OBC p,BHjC pCqeHHl\C, y

cy

na,UC)KHMa nOimYY:CHe pnje
-----------------------

Ipena rpYHa L cnY/K6y.

pI·\je'lH cy y nOKaTHBY. O):(pe):(H fbHXOBO 3H3.'!CILe H

I

II

Ha oarrKOH.y nOM y C06H nOM y Ba3J(}'Xy nOM y J(BOPHLUry nOM o yqelbY o6jeKaT

TIpnjC)J,lT0311 KA)J;A? r)J;JE? rI(JE?

ITO

Ha y o

OlfEMY?

Maja rrpHna3H CTO.lIHUi. ll,HJb (KpeTalbe) gamB Maja cjeJ(H IlU rTomH~ll. MjecTo (MHpoBalbe) nOKaTHB I y '-mum - aKY3aTITB - rnarOJI KpcTalba I y qallIH - .T1OKaTHB - fJ13rOJl MHpOBaIba I I 3H3'tel-be: y3 I'JI. Ml1liJJhClha, fOBopclha. , 3mcl>y'II1TH: Jc):(HHH na,lC)[{ KojH He MOIKC 6C3 npHjeJ(}lOra. nHTal'ba: r)])E? 0 KOME? 0 LIEMY?

I

MajKa cje):(H H3. !01YI1H. -------------------------ITpoBeml CMO JbeTO y ccrry. fmlje3):(O je Ea rpami. OHa njeBa 0 c,10(0):(11. 2.113 npeTxo,UHHX pe'IelfHua npel1HllIH npHjeJ(JIOrc Koje ynO'rpe6.r&aB3MO y3 JIOKaTHB.

lJeTBpTa rpyrr3 1. ,l],OIlYHH pey:eHHl\e o;,-\foBapajynHM l1a):(elKHHM 06nHIiI1Ma I1MeWlIl,C y 3arpa1\H. 1.Taaaje Y________ (uII
2. CacTaBH peqeHHl\e y KojHMa he JIOKaTHB C npnje):(nofOM "0" cTajaTH y3 . L1)iHCJ1HTH: -c----~----______

CJbe:\eh~fJ1arOj1e:.

.

2.'i"QBOPHTU; ._.:~--:-____,--________

:3. njcBElTH:'

-------------------

4.'urtaTw: -:"_ _-:---:_________

214

215

HaCTaBmIl(a: Pa3pe.n:: Pa.n:HOHlll(a: HaCTamIll npCAMCT: HaCTaBHa jeAHHHl(a: IJ,liJb paAHOHHl\e:

TIoTpe6aH MaTepHjiLI:

3aropKa TpllBlln

VI MeTo,[la rpymlOf HCTpIDKllBafba CprrcKll je3HK HcaK CaMOKOBJlHja, ,llje'l:1K ApoH Pa3BlljaIbe ilJleMemnOCTH KO,[l Y'leHHKa npeMa :lICllBOTlll:haMa, OCJlaIbafbe Ha CBor ,Ll,pyra, ,Ll,o)KllBJbaj spllje,Ll,HOCTl1 11 rrourTOBaIba .n:pyroBa, KOPllCHO .n:pY)Kefbe, cnajafbe 3aHHMJbHBOf H KOPHCHOr. '1HTaHKa, cBecRa, HaCTaBHH JIHCTHlill, Kpe,Ll,a, Ta6Jla

KopaUl! paAa fipsH iwpaK; CBmeo liMa HCKO HCKYCTBO, HeKH ,Ll,O)!(J1BJbaj 0 KyliHOM JLy 6HMilY· ,L(a Jm je neKO Haurao HanYU1TeHO Maqe, nceTO HJlH HeKY .n:pyry )!(}!BOTHI·bl1I.,ry? CaCJIYillaTH Y'!eHHKe, rrpOlWMel:!Tapl1CaTH. OBaj YBOA 6HO 6H MOTl1BaUl1ja 3a Y'leHHKe .lla IlIDKJL11BO CJlYillajy 'lIlTalbe rrp11IloBHjeTKe.

,n:PYrH KopaR: HajaBa )"leHHill1Ma .lla ny 11M IlpOQ11TaT11 je,Ll,aH Kl:bIDKCBH11 TCKCT, KOjH rOBopH 0 ~e'1aKY fbHXOBHX rO,Ll,HHa KOj11 jc nOKa3aO nJleMeH11TOCT rrpeMa HanyUJTeHOM nceTY. lJirrafbe npllllOBujeTKe.

lfCTBpTa rpyrra Jour je.L\HOM rrIDKJbHBO npO'lIITajTc rrpIInoBP~eTKY H O,Ll,roBopHTe Ha nHTafba. rrOPE,lJ,AJ TOK ,lJ;OrA1JAJA 1. ,llje'laK ApoH MonH MajKY .n:a 3a,Ll,p)Ke nca. 2. ,lljeQaK HOCH rIca KynH. 3. HanylllTeHO rICeTO nopc,[I rryra. 4. MajKa He )KenH ,Ll,a 3a,Ll,p)lCe Ilca. 5. ,lljeQaK y ,Ll,pBapHllKy. 6. Ja ny Te QYBaTH,ja ny TC xpaHHTII ...

neTH Kopmc IbBjeulTaBal-be Ilpe.n:cTaBHIIKa rpyna y3 Kpanl1 pmroBop II 3a6HJbeurKe Ha Ta6nH y 06JlHKY Te3a. IIpe,Ll,CTaBHIIQH CBI1X rpyrra rrpe3eHToBaJJH cy pe3YJlTaTe rpyrrHor pa.L\a. OCTaJJl:! Y4eHHQH cy KOMCHTapHCaJIH H no I1OTpe611 .L\OIl)'fbaBaJJH. llieCTII KopaK: AHaJlH3a TOKa pa,Ll,a H OlljeHa pa.n:a rpyna. rpyne cy Me~yco6Ho OujCl-bHBaJle H aKTHBHOCT rroje,Ll,I1HI1X 'lJlaHOBa l:! ycrrjelliHocT rpyne. Ce,1l,MH KOpaIG YKpaTKo nOHOBl:!Tl:! QHjCJly JlCKlll:!jy. OCBPT Ha Ha)"IeHO, ,Ll,O){
Tpenil KopaK:
1. IIha Ca3HajeMo 0 ~e'lm(y Aporry npIIJIHKOM cycpeTa ca ncoM?

2. KaKo ol!iefbyjeur Maj
1. I1poHaljHTc H npenl1IDIUe 'laKa?

npl:!Mjepe';H)~pal~ui,ernpe)KiiBJbaBafba ,Ll,je-

·c__ :

~.

.'

2. lfeMY AonpHlloce errHTem Hnop¢~eI£a.? 'J1oKIDKH"'npI1MjepI1Ma Ha TeKcry.

216

21'7

OCHOBHa lllKOJIa Pa3pen:: HaCTaBHl1ua: HaCT3SHl1 npen:Mer HaCT3SH3 je,J:HHm~a: HaCTaBHa 06JIaCT: Trm IJ'aca: Mon:eJl: 06:U1K pa;ra: IJ,llJb qaca:

".I(ecaHKa MaKCWvlOBHn" y fopfbeM Pl16HHKY

VIII lI\aBl1lloBIltl CprrCKI1 je3HK CnOlKeH3 peqeHI1ll,a Je3l1K - rpaMaTHKa o6pan:a HOBe HaCTaBHe jen:mmue Cf3CMllJlapna naCTaBa pa,i.l y rpy[]a'vla nOBOJbHe anwc¢epe 3a pa,[( Y rpynaMa, nOnCTHLWI·be !1 pa3BHjaH,c C]]OC06JIOCTI1 3a caMOCTanall pan:, ll3Bo1)CH,e 3aKJbynIaKa ,J:a 0,[\ rrpen:I1KaTa 3aBJ1CI1 KOJlHKO npocnrx peLleHHll,a 11\13 y caCTaBY C:lQ)KeHe peqeHHl~e; CXBaTan,e 3Ha
IwpaK YBo1)el'be YQCHHKa Y P::UIHOlfHcncy ITHTillLa: - Hase,'lIITC L1aIlHe qnaUOBe pCLleHHqe? (cy6jeK3T H npe,n:HKaT). - Kaxo ce 30BY peLfellHue Koje y CBOM caCTaBY HMajy caMO cy6jeKaT II npe,n:mcaT? (npOCTe HenpOWHpeHe peyeHHue) - PeUllTe MHjcllH)' npocry HcnpouIHpeay peqefIHU:y. (llac jc rroqeo.) - O,n: HaBe,[\eHe pCLleHHl1e HanpaBHTe npocry npouIHpeay peqeHlHlY· (qac je nOQeo y ocaM CaTI1.) HCTanH ,na neMo IlUHaC P3;:I.HTH peqeHl1ue Koje y CBOM cacTasy I1Majy ,n:Ba Him BI111Ie npe,nI1](3Ta. Tmmc peQeHl1ue 30BY ce C~lO)!(eHe pC'ICHl1I~e_ ,II:pyrn KopalC 06P3,n3 cr3cMTulapIlor ca.Ll.pncaja HaBecTll npl1\ljepe: 1. OH je jaxao Ha KOlhY 2. CecTpaje L10TpLIa,la. 3. MajKa raje crelCa,13 npell KynOM. a) ITO,n:BYUI1TC npellHK3Te y HaBe,[\eHI1M peqeHHuaMa 6) KO~l11KO I1Ma npc)l.HKaTa Y HaBelleHHM peyeHHuaMa. ITpocTe 11 npO[]HlpeHe peqeHHue y CBOM caCTaBY l1Majy caMO je,n:aH npeJ])1KaT. HaBeCH! nOIIOBO npHMjepe: 1. KmHry caM 3anonHO '111M caM HayqHO ,n:a 'lI1TaM. 2. Ka,n:a ,n:06HjeM KlhHry,jaje 6pmKHo 'l)'BaM. 3. CBaKY KYDJhCHY KInHry Baco je ,LIOHOCI10 y lllKOJlY, XBa,lI10 ce tbOMe 11 nOKa3Hnao je CBI1Ma. CrrmKeHe peLfeflHI~e y CROM canany HMajy ,LIBa 11]111 BHllle rrpe,n:H~aTa.:--· Tpenu Kopal;:: fIoi\jc.11a 3an3TaKa 3a CaMOCTaJIaH paJ] y rpynaMa qCTSPTH KoraK: CaMOCTiUTHO yqelhe aHaJIOrHHX Canp)K3ja

IIPBA fPYITA A) 1. CYHI~e je H33WJlO m3 6p,n:a. 2. Ja ca\1 6HO 6y,n:3H 3. He60je RC,LiPO. a) I10,LiBYUHTC npe.ullKaTe y HaBC,[(eHllM peqCl'lHUaMa. 6) KOJlHKO rrpellHKaT3 HMa y 1, 2, H 3, peQeHHUl1. B) Me1)y HaBe,n:eHHM pe
E) 1. CBM llje'laUM 11 ttiellojrnn~e cy ce YCKoMeillarrH 11 nOrJle!l3JIH cy rrpeM3 HaMa ,n:BOjHUH. 2. HapormTo HX je nOKa3HBao MeHH, jep je n03Hanao MOjy rna,n: 3a KfhHr3Ma. 3. KaJJ, C3M TIpHMHO ;meMo, p)'KC cy Mil JJ,pXTane IT caKpHO caM ce ICOn: np030pa. a) Y HaBcpeHHlvl p~;qeHHf1aMa nO;J:nYW1Te eBe npC,LlJ1K3Te? 6) KomTKo I1Ma npc!1.I1KaTa y rrpBoj,. ,1J;pyroj H TpelJoj pe'lCflHUH? 3aKJbyqHTe: Y CJlO)KeHoj peIJ'eHI1UH Mopa HajMaIhC 611TH ,n:Ba npe,1J;HKaTa.

B) HanHlIlHTe M HayqHTe JJ,e¢HHHUHjy 3a cJlo)KeH)' peqeHYIUY,

.D:PYfA fPYITA A) 1. OcnaayJIo je jYTPO 2. KlhHraje oTBopeHa. 3. KIbHry Hajpa,n:l1je
E)

1. Klbl1ry caM 3aBO:lHO qHM caM HayqHO ,n:a 'ImaM. UIKO~ly, a Ka.u caM nOlliao y npBll pa3peJJ:, KlhMry caM jOlll BHLlle 3aBOJlHO. 3. Y'lHTeJb ce YlljepHo .IT.a BOJIHM KIMlry. a) Y HaBe.ueHHM peqeHHuaM3 nO)J,BYUHTe CBe ripe)J,HK3Te 6) 33lCJbyqHTe KOJlHKO npe)]}1K3Ta HMa y JJ,pyroj pCX{eHHUH.

2. CJIMKOBHlilW caM qHT30 IlpHje nOJraCKa y

B) lllTa 3aKJbycl)'jeTe? O,n: Qera 3aBHCH 6poj rrpocTllX pe'rcIlHua y cacTaBY CJIO)KeHe peqeflHue?

218

219

,l(onyHlue )J,eq)uHH~Ifjy: CJIO)KeHe pe'IeH~e cy ORe pe'IeHH~e Koje ...

lleTn KopaK: - M3BjelliTaBaEbe rpyl1a illecni KopaK: - JIeTlIMlI'IHO nOHaBJbaEbe rpa)),lIBa H oujeEbHBafhe HajaKTHBHHjHx yqeHHKa.

OCHOBHa llIKOlla

«,[(OCHTej 06Pa)),OBHU"

Pa3pe)]':

VIII

YEnaTHHI..(H

HacTaBHH~a

J1y6~a CHMl1n

I1pe)],MeT: HacTaBHa o6nacT: HacTaBHa j e)),HHHIJ;a:

CpncKHje3HK KEbIDKeBHOCT IIeTap KOqHn, Kp03 Marny

~cBHpa)],a:

yno3HaTH KEbH)KeBHlI TCKCT, YOqHTlI rnaBHlI nlIK, YOqHTH 11 pa3YMjeTH npo6ncM, CXBaTHTH .ua je cYKo6 rCHeparmja o))'YBHjeK rroCTojao. Y'IeHI1I(H Tpe6a )),a l1pe.D;llO)Ke cBoje pjellIeEbe npo6ncMa, .ua ynope.ue HeKa.D;allIfhe rrpo6neMe ca )),aHallIEbHM.

06nHK pa)),a:


KopaK: KpaTaK pa3roBop 0 O.D;HOCY crapHx H MJIa).!,HX, 0 O;:J:HOCY rCHcpaUlija. (CYKo6 rCHcpaUlija je BjeqlITa 1'ef\fa. Kao llITO cy HeKa)],a pO)JJLTeJblI ,noroBapaJU1 6paK 3a cBoje n01'OMKC, )KeHHJIH IfX H y.D;aBaJJlI, .D;aHaC ce PO.lU:!TCJbll He cnIDKY ca MJIa.D;HMa OKO KaCHHX HOhHHX 1I3na3aKa, 3a)),p)KaBaEba y Ka
III

rpyrra - yqeHHUH KOjH cy HMaJJH oujCHy OMllQaH y rrpcTxo.uHoj

rO.D;IlHll. Tpenn KopaK: HaCTaBHllua QIna rrpl1nOBl1jeTKY. IIocJUlje rraY3e ,nlljeJJl1 3a,naTKe rpYl1aMa. IIpBa rpyna Tpe6a .D;a Ol1lIllie ocjehaEba .n;jcBojKe MapYllIKc. ,[(pyra rpyna Tpe6a .ua 110Hy).!,H pjelliCEbe rrpo6neMa KaKO 6H .n;jeBojUH 110MOrllH. Tpeha rpyna Tpe6a ).!,a yrrope).!,H CliTyau;Itiy H3 OHor Jl,06a ca Jl,aHallIfhHM O).!,HOCI1Ma PO)],I1TCJLa 11 .n;jeu;e. lleTBTpn KopaK: rpymm pa)], Ha pjelliaBaJbY 3a).!,aTKa. IIeTn KOpal(: I1pHrrpeMa rpynHe rrpe3eHTaUHje. CBaKa rpyrra rrpHrrpeMa CBOj( e) O)],roBOp( e) Ra 3a)],aTO l1HTaEbe H3 Tpeher KopaKa. meeTH KOpaK: I1pe3eHTaU;Hja o)],rOBopa CBe TpI1 rpyrre. M30Jl,rOBQpa~ -ce Bll)],H KOnI1KO cy y'IeHI1~H pa3YMjeJII1 c111yaU;Hjy 11 np06JlCMe: Koje pjeureEbe HY)],e KaKO 611 MapYlliKH nOMorn11 11 KaKBa je c11ryaU;11ja }laHaC Yl:re311 C THM. Ce}lMn ~opaK: Bpe)J,HOBaEbe rpyrrHHX H3BjelliTaja. Pa3M11CnHTH 0 KapaKTepHI1M oco611HaMa JmQHOC1'H, UJTO ne 6111'11 TeMa )],pyror llIKOJlCKQr· rrHCMCHor ·3a.D;aTKa y CJLc)]'choj CC)],MI1~I1.

220

221

OCHOBHa IUKO:ra HaCT3BHHK:

3atJ:ar~H 33.

«JJ;OCHTCj OOp3,llOBHn» y KHe)lZeBY MH:rCBa EajHo

rpync:

1. rpyna:

Pa3pe):(:

VII

HaCTaBHfI npcllMCT:

feorpacpvJa

HaCTaBHa j e;:rHHHlJ,a:

Peny0.1HK3 fp'1Ka

MCTO,llC pa,lla:

Pa3rOBOp, nOKa3I1BaH:.e, KOOnepaTHBHO Y'Iethe, H3JTara-

j/haoepliTe npel\CTaBHHKa KOjH ne lI3JlaraTH npel\ pa3pe,'!.O\1 H npel\CTaB-

06mU.lH pa,ila: ITOTpCOHli MaTcprrjan:

lba yqeHHKa, rpacpWlKO rrpHKa3Imathe fpyrrHH-M03aHK MeTO,ll Yl,lOemiK, CBeCKa, OclOBKa, KapTa EBpOrrC, feOrpacpCKa

HI1"a KOjU fie HCTOBpeMeHO TO npel\CTUBHTH ManOM Ha Ta6JlH. 33 npHDpe2\fy I1'3JTOrmbU HM3Te 12 MHHyTa H 4 :vHmYTa 3a caMO H3JTaralbe.

Barn 3aWlTaK je na npoytIHTe DOrJTaBJhe 0 reorp3cpcKoM ~~ry"'-.T_" fP'lKC H Kal\a TO IIpoy'lHTe, npell.CTUBHTe ManOM nujBu)"HHje l\eTa::&C H3 theHOr rrOJTOlK?0 3.

2. rpyna: Bam 3al\aTaK je l\a npoytlHTe KJIHMY H peJhecp fp'IKe II Kal\ TO ypal\HTe,

'U1TaHK3, u:pTe)K, rpacpOCKOrr U:Wb pa,llHOHHL\C:

rrpei'lCTUIlHTC MaIIOM

P33BHjathe nOBjepCtha H YBa)K3Batha Y rpyrraMa npn oopa;:ru HOBIIX Ca,llp)Kaja - pa3BIIjatbe rpyl1llC liHTepaK-

l\CTOJhe H3 OBor nOrnaBJha .

.vbaOepHTe npC;lCTaBHHK3 KOjH ne H3JTaraTH npel\ pa3pe,TJ,OM II rrpel\CT3B-

U:Hje, M3KCUMa;ma aKTHBHOCT Y'IeHHKa npH OOpa;:rIi HO-

HHKa KOju ne HCTOIlPCMCHO TO npel\CTaBHTH ManOM Ha TaOnH.

BliX Ca;lplKaja,

HDarOlM HMaTe

pa3BHjaI-be

BHWHX

HHTC.TTCKTYalHHX

12 MHhyra Ii 4 MHH)'T3

3a

nplmpeMy

3a caMO H3JlOrmhe.

3. rpyna:

rrpOlJ;eCa (cyljefba, 33KTbyq1IBaH,a) I13BjenITms3H,e, Cal\lOCT3.J1HO 33nIDKafbC, npaBJbClbC 3aOIUbC)KaK3 (H3pa;:ra Mane).

Barn 33 claT3J( je l\a rrpOY'IHTe CTaHomHHllTBO fp'lKe H Kal\a TO ypa,ll,HTe, rrpe,TJ,CTaBI1Te ManOM l\CT3.:t,e H'3 OBor IIOfJIaBJDa. H33f}epT1Te npe,n:CT3mll1Ka KojH fie H3nar3TH rrpCl\ p33pel\OM H npel\CTaBHHKa KOjH ne HCTOBpCMeHO TO npe;:rCTaBHTH I>mflOM Ha Ta6mI. 3a npHnpeMY

3) oopa30BHH: CTHl\athe OCHOBHliX 3Halba 0 reorpacpCKOM nOJIOlKajy,

H3JTaratha HMaTe

12 MHHYTa H 4 MHH)'Ta 3a caMO H3.Tlar3!he.

4.r-pyna:

IOHMH, pe)becpy, OHorcorpacpCKHM, XH;:rporpacpCKliM O/l,JTHK3Ma, CTaHOBHHIUTBY H npUBpe;:ru PenyOJIUKe fp'IKe.

Barn 3al\aTaK je Aa npoy'IHTe npllBpel.\Y fp'IKe H Kal\a TO YPMHTe, npel\CTaIlHTe ManOM HajBIDKHHje l.\eT3.Tl>e H3 OBor nOrJTaBJT,a.

6) BaCnHTllH: yn03HaBaJbe yqeHHKa ca 3Ha'IajeM nOJTQ)Kaja fp'IKe, pa3HoJIHKOCTl!Ma theHOr peJbecpa Ii l\pyrHM npIipo;:rHHM Ol\JIHKaMa, l\P)!<3BOM

I-ha6epHTe rrpeliCTaBHHKa KOju ne mJIaranr rrpe;'!. p33pel\OM H npel\CTaB-

3aQeTHHl\OM eBporrcKe I.\HBHJTH3aU:Hje H KYJTTYpe H 3aBliCHOCTH reOfpacpcKor nOJ10)!(3ja H theHOr npHBpel\HOr pa3Boja.

HHKa KojH ne HCTOBpeMeHO TO npelicTaBHTH ManOM Ha Ta6.TIll. 3a npllIIpeMy 1i3JTaralba HMaTe

12 MHHyTa 11 4 MHH)'Ta 3a caMO IBJIarathe.

5. rpyna:

B) CPYHKl\HOHamm: pa3BHjalbe cnOCOOHOCTH nOCMaTparba II YO'13Bafha nplipOl\HHX pa3HOJTHKOCTIi H thHXOBe Y3ajaMHe nOBe3aHOCTH.

Barn 3al\aTaKje l\a npoyL1l1Tc perHOnaTII-IY nOllie)I), 11 HaceJha fpqKe H K3il TO ypal\HTe, npelicTaBHTe ManOM HajBaJKHHje l\eTaJbe H3 OBor nOrJIaBJha.

KOPAUHPA,Il,A

I-I3aoepHTe npel\CTaBHHKa KOjH lie H3JTaraTlI npel\ pa3pel\OM H npel\CTaBHHKa KOjH he HCToBpeMeHo TO rrpe,ll,CTaBIITH MaDOM Ha TaomL 3a nplIDpeMy

TIPBH KOPAK:
5

rpyna,rro

H3JIaralba HMaTe

6

H3CTaBHHK Ha Ta6:rH I.\pTa KapTy fptlKe H no DOTPCOU of}Iwa3H rpyne H nOMU)Ke 11M y fbliXOBOM pallY.

JJ:PYfH KOP AK: Y KaTKO nOHOBI1TI1 rrOJlOlKaj H nplipO.D:He OWlHKe JYlKH~ EBpone, C3 HamaCKOM l\a KpajthH jyr b3.J1KaHCKor nOJIyocYpBa 3aXB£tTa l\P~kaBa no HMCHY fpQKa.

-'--

TPEnH KOPAK: TIo;rUeJIa 3al\aTaKa 3a caMOCTmIaH pal\ Y'IemiKa. CBaka rpyna )I06Iti3 JTHCTHn Ha KOMe je HCIIHcaHO nOmaBJ1,C JleKI.\Hje Koje tie Y'IiiTI1'rr .'

3anaTKe Koje he pjernaBaTH.

--lfETBPTH KOPAK: CaMOCTaJIHO pjewaBathe aH3.Jl0rHliX cal\p)!(aja.Tpyrre . - .. '-

pjernaBajy nOCTaBJbeHe 3allaTKe (yqe Ol\pe1)eHo nomaBJhc) H TO nOKyIIiaBajy. __ npe,llCT3BHTH ManOM.

222

12 MHH)'Ta H 4 MHH)'Ta 3a caMO H3JIaralhC. 12 MIIH)'Ta, a 3a TO BplljeMe

3a rpyuHH pal\ yqeHlIKa npeXlBHljer-Io je

fIETI1 KOPAK: I-bBjeIIJTaBathe rpymi. ,I(oKjel\Ha rpyrra 113JTaJKe CBOj l\HO JIeKll,Hje, OCTaJIe C,TlYUIajy thl1XOBO H3JTaraJ-be. 3a oBaj l\HO 'Jaca rrpel\BHl)eHo je

. 20

MHH)lTa. HCToBpeMeHo HaCTaBHI1K BpIITH KopeKtlHje 1i3JIOlKCHOr l\HjeJTa

rpal\I1Ba npel\CTaBJl-,eHOr H3 MarrH. Y'lCIlHUH rrpcmicyjy Marry ca Ta6:rc.

illECTI1 KOPAK: HerrOCpel\HO (JIeTHMlltlHO) rrOHaBJh3jhC rpal.\llIla. OCBPT Fla 06pa1:jeHo rpal\HIlO. Y3 noYloo reorpacpCKe !CapTe y'iCHHL\H tie HHl.\CHTHCPHKOBani reorpacpCKHX rrOJTOIKaja, rrpOCTl1p31-be PenyOJIHKe fP'H
MOllH

ne 06jac-

HHTH rrp!1po;:UW- reorpacpCKe H .npymTBcHe KapaKTepHCTHKe Te 3CMcl,C.

223

CE,[(MH KOPAK: YqeHlII-\H Ha Kpajy 2l,ajy cBoje MIUIIJbefbe 0 OBaKBOM pa2l,y H rrpllje)l,JlOre 3a !heroBo YHarrpetjefbe. 3A,[(A1lA: 2l,OrryHHTH Marry KapTOrpa¢CKHM 3HalJ,HMa H 6ojal\1a.

HaCTaBHH rrpeJweT: Pa3pe2l,: HaCTaBl:-Ia je2l,HHlllJ,a: M02l,eJI: TflII 'mca: [(lUI> pa2J,HOHllIJ,C:

MaTcpHjaJIH:

ieorpa¢l1ja

VII Perry6JIH:Ka HTaJmja HHTepaKTHBHO Y'lefbC y CTBapaJIa'lKoj HaCTaBH o6pa].-1a HOBOI' rpa2l,HBa CTHl-1afbe 3Hafba 0 rrpHp02l,HllM H 2J,pYUITBeHHM KapaKTepHCTHKaMa Perry6miKe HTaJIHje, pa3BHjafbe crroco6HOCTH CHaJlmKefba Ha reorpa¢cKoj ImpTH, CaMOCTaJIHO 3aKJbyqHBafbe Ha oeHOBY 2J,aTl1X 4HfbCHHI-Ia. IIIKOJICKH YU6eHHK, aUlac, MaTcpl1iaJi 3a rpynHH pa2l" MaTcpHjaJm li3 HOBHHa, ca HHTcpHeTa.

- YBOJ-l Y paJ-l HajaBa I-IVJba H npliilpCMa 3a paJ-l, y3 nOMoli MClTcpHjaJIa. ,Z(pyni KopaK -
IwpaK

3aJ-lalJ,H no rpynaMa. - YBOJ-lje n04eo y3 My3HKY IIaBapoTHja.

Upsa rpyna Ha rrpWlO)KeHoj KapTlI YI-lpTaj: - Mopa Koja OKpY)Kyjy IITamljy, OTpaHTcKa BpaTa, MecHIlcKH MopeY3, - Anrre H ArreHlIHe. HaKOH Tora o2l,roBopH: 1. 06jacHH reorpa¢CKH rrOJIWlCaj ilraJUlje? 2. Ha KOM rrOJlyocTpBy ce rrpocTHpe HTaJIHja? 3. KaKBor cy nOCTaHKa illIaHHHe ArreHHHH? 4. Koje cy II
,Z(pyra rpili~" HarrpH-"''iwKcHoj KapTlI Yl-IpTaj: -' pHjcKyIIo_l'dla].-1cKy HfPHjy, - rpaiioBc MimaHo, TOPHHO,- TpcT, - Je3cpa fvfaljope, KaMo, iapJ-IH.

224

225

HaKOR Tora O,I\rOBOpl1: 1. O,I\ KOjHX rrpe,I\je.'Ja ce caCTojl1 cjeBepHa HTCL1J~a? 2. IIope,Il Koje pl1ieKe ce rrpOCTl1pe ITa;:(cKa IlH3Hja? 3. Koje ce Ky.'Trype Ty raje? 4. KojH je HajBerm rpa,n ejcsepHe HTaITuje? 5. Ha6pojIT rrpoTo'maje3epa.

HacTaBHHu:a: Pa3pe)],: HacT
Tpena rpyna Ha rrpl1JlO'IKeHoj Kapnf Yl\pTaj: OCTPBa, - rpa,IlOBe PHM, HanyJh,
HaCTaBHe MCTO,'l.e: 06m!LrH pa,Il,a:

MI1TpOBF!ll

v KynTypa Mapili" (llCJiHKC 1\1eH,u:e.'1COH

v.c"-'~.u~n.Y1

MY3HKe

YqemUl;H Tpc6a ,'l.a Hay'-Ie IIa Ila)KJhHBO c}Jyrnajy H Y)lm13ajy y .Tmjerroj M}'3HlJ.n; ;J:a o;:!'pc)],c pV!TUM H Y CKJ1:a,n,y C fuHM H3Bo)],e KopaKe; )],a pa3.'1lI'!HTC KO:Vll103HL\Hje. :/VicTolla pa3f'OBOpa, cJiymaH>e My3HKe, MeTOIla JleMOHCTpaqHja, lLl)'CTanlBHH MOTO,u:; rpyrrHH H HH)],HBH)1yalHH.

TOK PA,LI,A

KpaTKo ynyTCTBO 3a yeM tracy Ha ,iJ,pyraQI1]H Ha'II1H pa;J:F!TI1 3a,u:aTKe H3 My3wIKe KyJTrype. HanoMeH)TTH HM )],a ne Y'lHTH KopaKe 3a cBa.n:6eHH MapUI illTO 6H I1X rpe6arro Jl,O,'l.aTlIO MOTHImCanI. 3axmjeBaM Beny HHTepaKIlujy (capa,n,n,y) H aKTH13HOCT. APyrH Kopaic 3aje)]'lUFIKc YBOJJ:HC aKTIIBHOCYH I1oHaBJbaMO Jl,a je r-taprn (KopatmI1I~a) My3F!Ka y3 KOjy ce Iwpa-qa. O,u:rryqHor je pHYMa H TeMITa KOjH O.2l.rOBapa 6p3IlHF! XOJl,a. Pa3BHO ce H3 6op6eHHX BojHWIKIlX njccaMa, njeBaHIlx y paTHHM nOXOI\HMa y3 pHTaM 6y61'ha H 36YK rpy6e. CBa,u:6eHH Mapm je IfajnOn)mapmrjH II Haj'ICmne li3BOt)CHH T\1aprn IlIHpOM CBf!jeTa. OBa CBeqaHU MY3HKa H3BO)],H CC npHmIKOM o6pe,a:a BjeH11aI-ba. C'lYllIajTe U3)!(JhHBO OBY KOMno3HI~Hjy jep je CU}:l:p'lKllHa 3a;J:aTKa Be3aHa 3a TIpBn KOIH1K:

TpenH Kopal~: CaMocTa.!1aH pa,Il Y'IcHHKa 1.rpY[1a: ITpcno3lraj KO H3Bo,a:n npBy, a KO .2l.pyry KOMrr03Hll,Hjy? 2.rpyrra: Kojn HHCrpYMCHT lrajuBJhyje n0 1IcTUK"CBall,6eHOr Mapilla? 3.rpyna: Yuope,a:H Map 113 onepe cDaYCT HCBa/'l.6eHH Mapm qeTBpnr IwpaIC I1PC3eHTaIwja caiJ,p)lmja il ,I\o,a:a:nm 3a)],aT'
Om1C Hrpe: Y CBeqaHoj KapHeBaJJ~Koj iI~eipai1H O.2l.p)IillBa ce BeJIIIKF! 6arr. Ca.lIa je CBe'laHO YKpallieHa, pacKolliHO 'OCBHJeiJbeHa' II Ben je rryHa rocmjy. CBB: O'leKyjy ,u:orra3aK nplil-lu:a H I1p11fiJ~e3e . .!'-;fY3HKa HajaBJl,yje fbl1XOB .I(OJIa3aK H eso I1X. HAy O,u:Mjcpcno,' nOnaKO,nO,3,u:paBJhajynH rOCTe KOjH cToje y lImarrHpy . .nOJIa3e ,u:o npeCTOJIa, (,r(BHje cTofIHIIe) 11cje)J,ajy. fOCTH HM npl-!J1a3e

226

227

y napOBIiMa Ii naICHM HaKJlOllOM IiX n03ApaBJbajy, a OH,Ll;a ce pa3,nBajajy Ii Bpanajy Ha cBoja MejCTa. BeJU:lKH 6arr. lleTH

KopaK

Ka,IJ.a

CBn n03'[(paBC rrpHHna H rrpHHne3Y, 0Tl10'IHe

ITpornalllaBaH,e Haj60Jber napa

YqeHHnI:l ne Haj60Jbll nap npomaCllTll "npI:lHnOM I:l npI:lHl.(e30M" Ii KpYHI:lCaTI:l I:lX KpYHaMa Koje cy HanpaBHnH Ha tracy nHKOBHe Kynrype. IDecTlI KopalC Hape):UIH 3a)J,aUH YqCHl:lI1HMa .L\aTI:l 3a ):(OMallH p8,I\):(a Hanmny 6110rparlmjy
OCHOBHa IIIKOJla

"TIeTap TI. H.eroIJJ" y MacnOBapaMa

HacraBHli npe,[(MeT: Pa3pe,n: HaCTaBHlil.(a:

MY3HqKa KynTypa

HaCTaBHa jC.L\HHI:ll.(a: HaCTaBHe MeTo,ne: TI:ln qaca: IJ;I:lJb qaca I:l npoyqaBafua: HaCTaBHa cpeACTBa:

IX Cfue)fmHa )KynJbaHHH )i{oP)!( bH3e, "KapMeH" - Ol1epa ,neMOHCTpal.(Hja, cnYIJJafue, pa3rOBOp o6pa,[(a HOBor rpa,[(HBa Yno3HaBafue onepe "KapMeH" H pa3BHjafue KyJJType cnYIIIafba MY3I:lKe I:l ocjenaja 3a JII:ljeno. rpaMorpoH, rmoqe, Y1,l6eHHK, Kaj,naHKe, Ta6na

TOR II CA.IlYlKAJ PA,Il;A

1. Y BO,[lHU ,[lUG - Y YBO,UHOM ,UI:ljeJIY qaca cnYillaTU HeKY apI:ljy KOjy cy yqeHIrI1n Ben yno3HaJlI:l, Hnp. ap1cUY
2. Pa,n no rpynaMa - 15 MHHyTa. CBaKa rpyna ,n06I:lja nHCTI:lU ca Pa3JIHQHTliM I1I:lTafbHMa.

I rpyna L Ko je KOMno3HTop OBe onepe?

2.113 KOJII!KO

qI:lHOBa ce cacTojH onepa?

3. Koje onepe CTe,Uo ca,na cnYlliarrI:l? 4.IIMeHyj Haj3HaQajHI:lje npe,ncTaBHl:IKe onepe! 5. Ha6poj rJlaBHe nHqHOCTH OBe onepe!

II rpyna 1. HaBe,nH pa3nHKY H3Mel)y KOMHtfHe H TparnQHe onepel 2. KaKBo je Aieno onepa "KapMeH".

3. 0

KaKBoj je My3HI1I:l oBAie pI:ljeq?

4. ,IJ;a nH CTe rne,UarrI:l H.J1I:l cnYllIarm HeKe onepe? 5. IT03Hajelii JII! HeKY o,n onepcKHX Kyna?

III rpyna 1. f,nje je HaCTarra onepa H Ka,[(a? 2. KojI:l fJlaCOBH I:l3Bo,ne ,nyeT KapMeH H ,IJ;OH X03ea? 228

229

3.lilTaje onepa?

4. Ha6poj n03llaTe onepcKe rticButle!

5. KaKas

YBaMa 6YJJ.H yBepTHpa !l IV 'Hili OBe onepe?

IV rpyna

1. KaI
'lHH

OBe onepe?

Xo~ca

a) KO ra 113B0)111, 6) onHlIm f,laca co;mCTC (BCCCO, ApaMaTM'laH)! 3. 06jaCmITH Cl1eUHtPH'iHOCT oaepe! 4. KaKo 3anpmana onepa "KapMCH" H KOjH HHCTPYMCllTH J10MHlIHpajy Ha OBOf 5. omjcBaTH ynepTHpy tIa HeYTp
3.

OCHOBHa WKO.'1a HaCTaBHI1K: HacTamm npe,':(MeT: Pll3pe.n:: HacTamra TeMa: HacTaBHa .i e.llJIHHL(a: TBIT qaca: HacTaBHe MeTo):(e: HaCTaBHa cpe):(CTBa (nOManLla): 06JlHL(H pa):(a:

")];OCHTej 06paJ\OBHn" y KHe)KeBY CJ1a1jeHK3 MI1.TbHn CDM3I1K3 IX ITPr,'Tnm:n,
rpY1130

- npeJ\cTaBHHK cnaJze rpyne H3BjcwTaBa 0 pa3MHlUJbaI-bH;Vm rpyne Be3aHHM 3a OBO oncpCRo L\iej10. YOTmBa ce cnoco6HOCT CXBaTal-ba CJIywal-ba MY3HKe (KOMfl03HIl1~jC), KPHTH'IRO MI1LU,,,el-bC 11 ):(aBaJ-bC pa3JIOra 3a H npOTHE o):(petjeHe KOMnG3I1UHje. AKO ce y',eHHUH O):(JIH'IHO cHal)y Y CBojOj rpyllH HMajy npeJIa3 y CJbelleny rpyny (BellH RHBO),
BacnllTHI1 33):(a1.(l1: .ihy6aBH npeMa
KOPALU1 PA)];A: 4. CaJf\'CTO nOHas:hafbc rpaJJ;Hsa (3-4 MiIHyra). - Y3 pa3foBop lTOHaBJhafbe oApe1]eHe HaCTaBHe je):(l1HHL(c (YKpaTKo: ca,,:(p)Kaj, J1l11(OBI1, npcra). KaKanaje pa3MI1111Jh3Fba IlPOOYil:l1J1a OEa onepa y BaMa?

5. )l:oManlf pari - IhBoljcn,e lI,IUha Ha HapCJJ;HOM 'laCY (1-2 l\'UmYTa). - 3a6HJhel!mnl cBoje AojMose If y'THCKe Koje je OBa onepa If3a3naJ1a y Y'leHl1L(HMa. HacTojam lllTO BHIlIe fJIeAaTH H cnywaTIf onepe 11 y rrpl1BaTHOM )KI1BOry, jep 0Yile YtlOBjCKY ocjeJ1aj 3a "111ieno.

"KP AJIbI1 L(I1Jb HA YKE JE I1CTI1HA, ll.OK JE KP A.TFbM l~MJ1 YMJETHOCTH 3All.OBOJbCTBO"

IIps" KOPaIC - cDpOlITaJ1HO YBoljel-be Y'lenWI
5. KaKo ce al\mepYleTap YI
230

231

- 06pa3a~ 3a I:!3palfYHaBaIbe jalfl-me eil. cTpyje HcnHcyje ,n:pym yq:eHI:!K y3 KOMeHTap BHIue )"lemma, - CHM60JI 3a aMrrepMeTap HeKO 0)1, YlfeHHKa ~pTa Ha Ta6JII:!, • 0 yKJh)"lelby a~1ITepMeTpa y CTPYlfHO KOJIO KOMeHTap ,n:ajy yqeHHI.\H Koja IlHCY KOMeHTapHcanH npeTXO)1,HO aKO je TO Morvtle - HeKO op: yqeHHKa Ha Ta6JIH U:;Ta ,n:HO CTpyj~or ~OJIa ca npI:!KJbyq:eHHM arvmepMeTpOM, - HaCTaBHHK ynybyje yqeHlIKe Ha npI:!MjeHY H
t=lrnin =: 60s

I=q: t

q =300C

I=300C: 60s I=5 A

,n:CSCTI:I KopaK HacTaBHHKoB 3aKJbyqaK: 3aoKYTh'bCHOCT paL\oM je Belia Hero y Tpa)..(I:!LI,HOHfulHoj HaCTaBI:!. KpeaTlfBHH ,n:110 H J\aJ1,e pa.n:e Haj60JbH yqeHHLI,yL Y HeKHM ,n:HjeJlOBHMa '{aca y yqHOHI1L1,l1 ce jaBJba rJlaCI1l1jc KOMeHTapHcalhe.

232

HaCTaBHH npe.uMeT: Pa3pe.u: HaCTaBHa j e)..(YIHHLI,a: HaCTaBHI:!ua: THn '(aca: l1oTpe6aH MaTCpl1jan:

XeMHja

IX ETeH Mna.n:eHKa l1ejHu 06pa,n:a HOBor rpa.uI:!Ba yu6eHHK .ueBeTor pa3pe.ua - xeMHja, HaCTaBHH JIHCTl1liH 3a PM ca nHTalbHMa, Kpe.ua, Ta6JIa. YCBajalbe OCHOBHHX 3Han,a 0 opraHcKHM je,n:yII-beFbI:!Ma (anKeHHMa-ereH), pa3BJ1jalhe capa.ua,e Mel)y yq:eHHLI,HMa.

KOP AUJ1: PA)J,A UpS" li:opaK:: rIpHnpeMHe aKTHBHOCTI1 a) OTBopHTe cBoje yu6eHl1Ke xe'\1Hje H Ha CTpaIiH 46 nalKJhllBO rrpo'1H1'aT11 TeKC1' ET~H. 6) ilo):(HjeJlI1TH ),lfeuHKe y ImpoBe (13 rrapOBa). B) )J,aHllC tleMO y napOBHM:J y-IHTH 0 eTeH),-npe):(CTaBHHKY anKeHa (HCTHL1,alhe i\1l.lloa '!aca). r)
illTa cy yrJbOBo.uOHHLI,H H KaKO HX .uHjeJIHMO? KOjH eJIeMeHTH rpa.ue yrJbOBO)l.OHHKe? 3aCHneHH yrJbOBo,n:OHHi\H cy _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ KOjH yrJbOBO):(OHHLI,H ca.n:p)!(e - (jeL\HOCTpYKe Be3e MeDY C-aTOMa?) He3acI:!lieHH yrJbOBO):(OHHi\H cy _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ KOjH YrJbOBO.uOHHLI,H ca.n:p)!(e = ):(BOCTPYKY H =TpocrpyKy Be3Y MeDY CaTOMa? )J;aHac lieMo yqHTlI npe.uCTaBHHKa AnKEHA, a TO je ETEH! (npe,la3 Ha HOBO rpa.n:HBO). )J;pyru KopalC (CaMOCTanaH pa.u Y'1eHHKa) - CBaKH nap HMa CBOj 3a.n:aTaK. L H 8. nap: ETeH Kao Hajje.uHOCTaBHHjH aJIKeH. (CTpYKTYpa
233

Haja,:.:(eKBaTHHjH OArOBOp Ha CBOj 33,.'1aTaK. Je,:.:(an yTIeHHK li3 napa 'mTa o)],rOROp, a ApyrH Y'IeHHlC H3 napa 6,m,e'lKH KpaTaK, jacaH OWOBOP Y CBCCKY. CBaKI1 nap rrpoBjepaBa eBoje oAfOBope. lJeTBpTH lwpaK: T1:3Bjerrrraj rrapOBa Je;:raH rrap npe3cHryjc-H3nIDlCe CBOj OArOBOp, a ApyrH nap 6HJbe)KH OCHOBno nll Ta6J111 (ABa napa pa).:(e Ha neTOM 33JJ:aTKY), TaKO pe)lOM CBn napOBI1 113J1aJl.13 ey BC3aHa = BC30M. 2. 11 9. nap: )J,06I1Bal-be eTeH3 (JIa60paTOpl1jcKH) cnnKa 10. lB eTcrrona (1UlKoxo,1a) U KOHI~CHTpOBane H2S04 . KOHU. Hl S0 4 ETaHO.:1 CTCH 2. U 10. nap: OC06HlIC CTena: rae 6e3 60je l1 Ml1PHC3, cJIa60 paCTBOpJhHB Y H 20, cMjeca Ba3,ITyxa n eTeHa je eKCTIn03I1BHa, paCTBOpJbl1B Y ncnonapHnM paCTBap3t{HM3. 3.11 11. nap: CaropHjeBaTbe eTCFIa: Kao 3anan,I1B rac, ca Ba3AYXOM eKcnn03UBaH. +3H2 -7 2 CO2 + 2HzO 4. n 12. nap: A,unUHja xlU.\p0reHa Ha eTCH (rryua=BC3a) +H-H KaTan CHr CH3 AAl1u1'\ia Br Ha CTCH Br- Br KaT3.Jl CHz-CH2

I Br

Br

)J,U6poMcTaH 5. U 13. nap: PC3Kunja rrOJIHMep3auHje anKeHa. 17 CH z=CH2 KaT. T.p. (-CHrCHr )17 TIOJ'IHMCP 8.nap: Y HH)]'YCTPHjH rrJIaCTWfHnx Maca, BnaKaHa, CKcnn03HB an opraHCKH paCTBapallH ... lleTif KopaK 06jauHhaBalhe H 3aje,ITHnQKe 3aBpIIIHe aKTHBHOCTn hnJbemKe Ha Ta6nH o6je)lHHl1Tn y rljennHH. Je,UaH YQeHI1K Ca)KCTO H3n1DKe. ca'upllCaj, CBe ,UnjeJIOBe nOBe3yje Y je,UHY rljenI1Iry. TIperneA H KpnTH'lKa lipoqie: Ha. ITporljeHa pa,Uu napORa. ITOXBaJIHTH Haj6oJbe. )J,nCKYCHja YQeHl1Ka (KaKO ey rrapOBH ,UaHac 06aBHJ1H CBOj AHO 3aAaTKa)? . .-' liTa CTe ,UaHac Haj6oJhe, Haj6p)Ke Ha)"IHITn? liTa BaM je 6nITo iCUlKO Hay'u1TH? )J,oroBop 3a CJbe)lenH '-lac.

234

OCROBRa IIIKona: Pa3peA: HaCTaBl-IHUa: Pa,UHoHnl.J.a: HacTaBHH npC,ITMeT: HacTaBHa je,Ul1Hnua: I..l,HJb pa,rrHOHHl.J.e:

TIorpe6aH MaTCpl1jai.l:

«/J,OCI1Tcj 06pa,UoBHn» y EnanrHIJ,H

VI

Epmca I..l.RHjHh KOOrrepaTHBHe MCTo,Ue (M033.I1K-MCTona) hHOJlOflIja KopnjeH Y cBajatbe H YTBPDHsalhe OCHOBHHX 3Hatb3. 0 KOpl1jerry, p33BHjalhe O)lrOBOpHoCTH CBaKor QnaH3 rpync na o6paAH CBOj J(HO rpalUIBa n ;:.:(a OCTanc HaYQH TOMe, Me1jy3aBHCHoCT YU6eHHK, cnnKa, HaCTaBHH JIHCTHlln, HH)JJIBH,ITya.TlHH TeCTOBH pa3mFfHTHX HHEoa CJ[Q)KCHOCTH Y'-leHI1Ka H nOTrryHa capallfua.

KOPAQll P A,l],A HllCTmmOr "~"r"'nw'" Y QeTl1pn yr.rra Y'iHOHHl.J.e: TlOCTaBHTH no Je):13H CTO ca lfCITHCaHnM TeMaMa: 1. P33EOj u pacT KopHjeHa 2. YrryrpaillFba rpa1ja IwpnjeHa 3. 06nuIIH Kopl'\ieHa 4. cDYHKl.J.uja u 3HaQaj KopnjeHa ,n:pyrH KopaK: YKJb)"IUBaFbe Y'leHHKa y M03al1K rpyne Yt{eHnKe no,UujenHTn y meeT xeTeporeHHX rpyna no 'lCTHpn 'ffiaHa. CBaKH t{naH ,lIo6nja MaTcpnjan 3a H3YQaBaFbe u HeKorrnKO nnTaFba 3a Taj MaTepHja.l (mITaFba ne 6nTl1 Ha JIHCTnnl1Ma y "eKcnepTcKuM D;ellTpnMa"). Tpenil KopaK. 1I3rpa)lI-ba THMa, KOHCOJIn)larmja YQeHHUU ce 113 CBOjUX rpyna pacnope1jyjy y "eKcnepTCKe ueHrpc" rrpOHaila3e IIl1TaFba U OAroBapajy Ha IhHX. (Ha Kpajy npnnpeMC HaJfa3H ce IlIeMa Yl
llPBArpYIIA PA3BOJ 11 PACT KOPl1JEHA KopnjeH nMajy CBe 6nJI>Ke. KOpl1jeH ce p33BHja y 3CM.'bH. HaY
235

ill1TM1A: 1. KaKo ce 30Be cwra Koja YTIFle Ha paCT KopHjeIba? 2. KaKo cc Ha3HBa KopHjeH Kojn ce pa:3BHja 113 KopnjeHKa KJlHIJ,e?

3. Koje )J,HjCJ10Be Pa3"lHKyjeMo Ha Kopnjeny? 4. qHMe je 3aIll'rHneH BPX KopHjeHa?

llaKua~UH KOPUjCH. Ha KopHjeHY rpauIKa H njeTenHlie 06pa3yjy ce 3aAe6:"alb~. Y FbHMa )!(IlBH 6aKTepIlja Koja MO)!(e Y3HMal'H a30T ll3 Ba3,Uyxa. KOPII-

JeHllJecTHBHx 6HJbaKa KopHcTe ce y HCXpaIiH (ll,BCKJla, ponma, MpKBa). fIHTAIbA:

1. Ha6poj YJlore HJIII
WVfAfPVllA YHYTPAlllI1A [PABA KOPHJEHA

2. KaKo ce Ha3HBa KopHjeH KOjIl ce pa3Bllja H3 cTa6na H JTHcTa?

KOPHjcH BelUIHC 6HJbaKa HMa je)]'HocTaBHY crron,auHhY rpaljy. YnyTpaIIll-ha rpalja KOpl1jeHa je 3HanlO c;101KeHl1ja. Ha rrOrrpC'IHOM rrpecjeKY KOPHjeHa MpKBe Bl1)J,H ce je)],aH TalbH crrOJbaUUbH cnoj KOjH ce Ha3HBa nOKopHua. Hcrro)]' rroKopHl.\e ce HlLla3Hje)],aH ):(e6JbH CJIoj KOjH ce Ha3HBa OCUOBIIO TKHBO. YHYTpaWlbl1 ,LIHO Ha3HBa ce CPCAHilllhU I1Jm ll,CHTpa.Tum AUO. CrrpoBOAHH CY)],OBH npoBo)J,e BOAY H MllllepailHe MarepIlje y cTa6JlO. To ce H3Jla3e H rDes
6pIllJbaH, a
Y )],HjeJIOBe KopHjeHa.

rIl1TAlbA: 1. KaKO ce Ha3lma TaH,H CrrOJLaIlllhH CJIoj KopHjer-m?

cc WLla3H HcrroA rrOKOpHl.ie? 3. KaKo ce Ha3HBa yHYl'paIllFbH AHO KopHjeHa? 4. Y KOM npasIJ,y, Rp03 crrpoBoAHe CYAOBe, HAY Bo,Ua H MHHepaJlHe

2. lllTa

MaTepHje, a Y KOM npaBIJ,y H,Ue 6HJbHH COR?

TPEnA rpYIIA OEJIHUH KOPllJEFbA

3.111Ta Il3 Ba3,U)'Xa Y3HMa 6aKl'epHja Koja )!(HBll Ha KopHjeHY rpalllKa?

4. Ha6poj HeKe 6whKe Koje I1Majy jeCTHB KopHjeH? qCTSpnt KopaK: CaCTaHaK M03aHI( rpyne HaKoH oAroBapaFba Ha rrHTaFba, Y'-leHI11.\H ce Bpaliajy y cBoje M03allK rpyne H rroY'IaBajy 'IJIaHOBC rpyrre ca'up)!cajHMa KOjH cy HaY'lH:m. lleTH KopaK: H3BjeIllTaj M03allK rpyna Kana rpyrra 3aBpWH ca rrpoyqaBaFbeM MaTepHjlL1a, c"lHje,UH BpujeMe 3a pacnpaBy, aHlL1H3Y H pa3MHIllJbal:he. illCCTH KopaK: llH,UI1BllnYaJIHH TeCl'OBH Pa3JIH'II1TOr HHBO LTO)!(eHOCTH Y'IeHHIJ,H ,Uo6Hjajy HHAHBHAYlL1He TeCTOBe Pa3JIH'IHTHX HHBoa CJ10)!(e,HOCTH KOjH cy KOMnonOBHH Ha OCHOBY rrHTal:ha rrpHnpeMJbeHHX y eKcnepTCKHM rpyrraMa.

1H 2 E pa,UHne Y'IeHHl.\H KOjH HMajy or.qeHY 3 H 4

a) Bje)!(6y A pa)]'Hne Y'IeHHIJ,H KOjH HMajy orDeHe 6) Bje)!(6y

B) Bje)!(6y B pa,UHne Y'-leHHIJ,H KOjH HMajy orDeHY

5

06nHK KopHjerJa 3aBHCH O,U BpCTe 6HJbaKa, aJIH H OA KBaJIHTel'a 3eMJbHIllTa. AKO je IlO.L\;lOra paCTpCCHTa H Bml)fma, KopHjeH ce pa3BHja HeOMel'aHO, aJIH Ka,Ua HaH!je Ha TBPAY rro,UJIory ,UOJla3H ,UO 06pa30BaFba Pa3J1H'IHl'HX 06JIHKa. 06"THK KOpl1jeHa MO)!Ce 6HTH Pa3J!H
lfETBPTA fPYllA
nplI'lBpcTH 6HJbKY 3a nO)],JIOry, ynlIja BOAY l1 MHHepaJIHe MaTeplIjaJIe KoplljeHcKHM ,Una'-lHIJ,UMa, cn,Y)!Cl1 Kao pe3cpBa xpanc . . HMa 6l1JbaKa KOjc ce pa3MHo)KaB~y KOPHjcHOM (KynHHa). Ko,U HeKHX 6HJbaKa KopHjeH ce MO)!Ce pa3BlITli Il3 cTa6Jla H JIHCTa (KYKYPY3a, Bp6a,

236

237

BJE)K£AA

TIHTAf1A

I l.f,rrje paCTe KOpnjeU?

I 2 T{HMC je 3aIIlTlmCH BPX KopHjeHa?

i

rt: :s

MOfY1U10groBOPH

11. Y 3eMJhH.

2. KopI~leHoBoM KarrOM. ! 3.KaKo ce H
ill

< e a.

>. a

i

L

I I

TIJIAH TAEJIE

I

- C;·ma 3(,MJbIIHe

ITe)Ke. I-ITPaBII KopnjeH. . fJlaBHH KOPUj eH, loo'm~ KopujeH, KOpIIjeHOBe ):(JIa'1Hue. -KopujeHoBoM KarrOM.

I

YHYTP AUJlhA rFA1iA KOPI1JEHA - Kopa. -OCHOBHO TKUBO. -CpeJJ:nmlbH IIJlII ueHTpUJIHI1 )U1O. ·Bo1\a n MIIHcpa.,'lHe MaTepuje H1\)' H3

IOU,'bHU "plli"'" Ym6,w, COK n3 cra6JIa y ,rrHjenoBe KopHjCHa.

I

I 238

q:,YHKUHJAH 3HNiAJ KOPHJEHA -ITpH'lBpmnaBa 6n"'hKY 3a rro;:(JIory. -BpcTe 6HThKe U -Yrrl1ja BOllY U KBaJIHTeTa MHHepanHe 3eMJI,l1mTa. MaTepl1je KO-OOpa3yjy ce pa3JlWlUTH OOJIHI:(H. pnjeHcKHM -PeIraCT, BpeTeHaCT, )JJla'1I1uaMa. JKIL'IIRaCT, rpaHaT. -CJJYlKU Kad -ja6yKa: rpaHaT, pe3epBa xpaHe: I LIi eTCJlHHa: lKUJI H- -A1\BeHTilBHl1 HJIll naKHaJJ:l!H. 'laCT, - A30T. MpKBa: BpTeHaCT, UBeKJla: perraCT. 1-~eIGIa, MpKBa, perra

OEJII1lU1 KOPHJEHA

lI.!J

!::

0 «~::.t:<

3 > o« ~

t::

» p.., H

;;< ~

~

. _I" 33

w >« :r: ~O'

().....

I~ L >

.. .,

~ ~I:lo ~

0

3

:s;

:r: w s :r: u ~

p?

.~

I-\\(

I

o::r

D.I-~ w::e t:w ~

s

~

p?

~.

«

S

~

gD.

w

---- --

1<1 Ie

U E-< p.., r.il

..

."

-

OD. 1-< D.I-M w::e t::w

o::r ~

W

u I:: « C ~ ~ r.il >. a L

t:: w

~ Il.

~ L.. ~ p..,

:s: ~

p..,

0 \ PA3BOJH PACT KOrHJEIlA

II

0

>9< ~

::g

« C ~

a

L

r.il

s

~

Oil.

1-< 1l.1-(\!

w::t:

E:W

o::r ~

S

W

«C

~

a

L

s ~ oQ.

1-<.'(

fb~

t:w

....

o::r ~

w

239

OCHOBHa llIKOJIa:

«.lJ.OCHTCj OOpa.nOBHtm Y bJIaTHHU:H

Pa3pe}:(: HaCTamrn:u:a: HaCTaBHH npe}:(MeT:

VII

Pa.n110HHua: HaCTaBIIa je;lHImu:a: ITOTpeoaH MaTepHjan: U:J1Jb pa,LIHOHHl(e:

TpehH KopaK
EpHKa UBHjHn bliOJlOfHja liHCpaKTIiBHO Y'lCfbC Y Cr3eMIlJlapHoj HaCTaBH I1aYKOJlHKH 3rJIaBKapH

LIeTspTH KopaK CaMOCTaJIHO y'lefhC aHaJIOrHHX ca.nP}lcaja - HHCTpYKll,Hja: CBaKll y'lCHHK ne l1H,L(llBH,Il,yaJIHO npOtiHTaTH HaCTaBHy je}:(I1HHU)', OJ\rOBopHTH Ha nHTaFha - 3a)laTKC rpymm.

CBeCKa, OJlOBKa, Yl.lOCHHK, JlHCTl1n CnlI.\afbe yBH,Ua y XOPH30HTaJIHY rrOBC3aHOCT rpa,Il,HBa, pa3BHjaFhe rpyfIHc HHTCpaKIJ;Hjc, HaBHKaBafbe yqeHliKa J],a paJ],e y rpyIll!, oCnOC06JbaBaFhe y'lCHHKa 3a CaMOpaJ]" 3a caMoY'lelbC, pa3BHjafbe Mei:jyc06HOf' nOBjepeH.. a, 3aml)Killba H H3BjerrrraBalba.

1. rPYIlA KPnEJ1H

III1TAl:bA

Ha 3CMJhH, 1ellY :lCJlCHHM GHJbKaMa, Y 6pauIHY, HeKI1 cy rrapa3HTH lla tlOBjeKY H IMa.

1. r)lje )KHBe KprrCJbH?

~. JKHBH lllyrapau?

llpBIl KopaK: C Y'lCHHKa y pa}:(HOHH'IKY aKTHBHOCT. _ nOHaBJbalbe npeTXO)],HO y'lCHOr Ca)J,p}Kaja (onHITe OCOOHHC 3r.1aBKapa), HanOMerIa }:(a lieMo Ha 'lacy pa)J,rrm )]'pyra'lHje H 3aHHMJhHBHje

myrapau?

240

ICBpa6 Hem myra.

III1TAI-bA

2. fPYTIA lllKOPrIHJE

1. Y KaKBHM KpajeBHMa }KHBe mKoplmje?

CraHOBHI1UH cy TOIInHX KpajeBa.

2. Ha KaKBHM MjecTmra )[(JiBe ulKopI1l1je?

IHeno)J. ](aMeu:a, rralbeBa H )J.pyrHM I CKPOBHTHM MJecTHMa.

IIpeMa CnOJbamlbeM U3rJICJXY n!1'{e Ha paKoBe

3. Ha Koje 3rJIaBKape mftm?

4. JllTa ce HaJla3H Ha noc:re)J,lbeM 'lJIaHKy II AY UII

IIaYK KpcTam. 1. Ko je rrpC)J.CTaBHIiK lIaYKa? 2. Koja ce )J.Ba )J.Hjena H3JlBajajy f;laBeHorpY)J.HH ,J,HO H Tp6ymHIi ).\HO. Ha Tlljeny naYKa? ):IBa napa nHnaKa O)J. KOjHX je).\aH nap lIMa OTpOBHe 3. llha ce Hana3H Ha maBH? JKm,ge3Jle H 'leTHpH napa Oqujy. 4, lllTa ce HMa3H Ha rpYJlHOM Y.CTHpH napa 'rnaHKOBHTHX Hory Koje 3aBpmaBajy I KYKHl.I,aMa. )luj ell)' THj ella? ];pa.L\aBIiUC Koje nyqc rycry Te'lHOCT O)J. Koje MeT)' 5. llha ce HMa3H Ha Tp6yxy? MPC)KY Y KOjy xBaTajy UHceKTC. Ha "ymlba'IKa nnyna. 6. -KaKO )J.H!IlY? XnaTajy HlIceKTe, yGHjajy nx OTPOBOM H3 OTPOBHUX JlUlHje3).\H H y nrjeJIO H3Jly'lH upHjcBHe CO KOBe Kojn 7. KaKo'ce xpaHe? CBape lKI1BOTHH, y, naYK je nocpqe, OCTMO o).\Garru. ProMllOlKaBajy ce jajHMa. )KeHKe HeKHX naYKa 8. KaKO ce pa3MHQ)KaBajy? nocnHje napCIM noje)]'y MYlKjaKc.

y KQ)Im 'lOBjeKa.

6_ 3a!Il'fO ce y KynH Mopajy CBH nl1jeqHTH ·'3 . ~ O)J. llIyre I1JIl! cBpa6a aKO jc jC)l)la oamIHo? ~aTO illTO Je cBpao liJIH myra 3ap,t3Ha loonccT.

rOBopHTIL ,I(pyrn KopaK: HaCTaBHHKOBa o6pa)la ef3CMflJIapHOr ca}:(p}Kaja IIaYKoJIMKH 3fJlaBKapIi cy CYB03eMHe }KHBOTHFhe. HaCeJbaBajy Pa3JIll'lHTa CTaHIflIITa, illYMe, JIllBaJ],C, a HeKe BPCTC cy napa3HTH Ha THjeJlY }:(pyrrrx }KHBO-

-

)KI1811

5. KaKo ce 30BC GOlleCT KOjy H3a3HBa

pa)],HOHH'lKH, _ HaCTaBHHK lie YPa,ll,HTH }:(HO ca)lp}Kaja (npe)lCTaBHHKajC}:(Hor pe}:(a) _ yrqeHHUH lle pa).lHTH car-MI OCTaJIC pC)],OBe no rpyrraMa (TpH rpyrre) TO no y30py Ha HaCTaBHHKOBY OOpa)J.Y Cr3eMITJIapHOr ca.nP}Kaja. _ perm y'leHHl.\IiMa 0 KOjoj TeMH H KOjoj I-IaCTaBHOj je}:(HHHUH lleMo

THFha H '10BjeKa IIIITAIf,A

iMaH,li cy o)J.je)l)lOl MHm1MeTjXl IflpeHoce 3apa3He GOJICCTH.

2. KonHKo cy BCJlHKH? 3. lllTa nperwcc KnHeThrl?

KOPAWI PA)J:A

Tp6yxa?

5. 1.J.HMe ce xpaHe?

Hana3H cc oTpoBlla MHceKTH II )J.pyre CHTHe )KHBOTHlbC.

6. KaKBe cy no Ha'lHHY HcxpaHe?

Ifpa6JMlBHue_ 3. fPYTIA CTOHOrE

IIIITAl:bA

I

1.Ha Koje JKHBOTIDbe nO)J.cjenajy no crrO.JbamH,CM IBrne)J.Y?

Ha 'lJIaHKOBHTC tJIllCTC.

L no qeMY CC pa3J1lriy.jy?

l1Majy BellHKH 6poj llory - O)J. HeKOJlHKO ).\eceTHHa AO CTOTHHa.

'3. f)lje ceMory Hap.U?--

HcnoJl KaMeH,a, y

.-

4. 1.J.HMe ce xpaHe?_· .

5. KaAa 06WlB"0·noBe'?

----...<

..

-

~nMoM nHll!lw.

OnanHM JlHmheM, a HeKe BpcTe lIHCeKTHMa H KHmTHILM rllHCTaMa.

I

Hony.

241

IICTIll KOPlUC I-I3Bjeum~j

rpyna 3aIIHC Ha Ta6mr tJ:HHHTH npHJllIKOM H3EjeUITaBalb3 rpyna. Ta6ny nO,I:(HjenHTH Ha -qeTllpn ;:rIIje;ra qje flC YllOCHTH pe3l1MC 3a cBoje O;J,rOEope. Y rrpBn LUcIO YHnjenr pe3H~le H3 e13ej\miTapHOr H3JIaraH,a. ITocm1je Tora

TIJIAH TAEJIE

rJAYKOJIHH 3f'nABKAPH

CJIHj eAn aH1lJII13a.

I

TIHTAH>A

3. fPYTIl'. KPTIEThH

1. )KHEe lla 3eMJbH Meijy 3CJIeHHM

1. f.uje lKlIBe KpITeJhil? , omLKaM3 Ha TpaBH. 2-.-K-0-JI-H-K-0-C-y-B-e-Jl-U-K-U-?-------+12. MalLY! cy O.I\ 1 MM.

1

I

1-,

i 3. ITpcHoce 60.1CCTUlmp ..:13jMCKY 60J]CCT.

3 .IllTa npeHoee KpneJbH? 4. f.I\je lKIIDU rnyrapau?

4. )KEBe Y KQ)](J:! clOBjeKa.

iuryrupull? 5. KaKo cc 30Be 60JICeT KOjy m33lma

i 5. bOJ'fCCT KOjy uryrupau npcHocH jc lliyra.

6. 3aTO lliTO ce uryrupan JiaKO npeHocu, 6. 3auITo ec eBU Y KYIm Mopajy ITHjeqHTlf .I\O.I\l!POM IIJiH rrpcKo npC.uMCTU KOjH KOPHi aKO jel'IaH O.I\ qJiUHOBU rrOp0.I\HUe 060m!?

•

ITI1TAH>A

•

4. fPYTIA lliKOFI1lUE

1. Y KOjHM KpajeBHMa lKlIDe lliKopmrje?

1. IilKOpTIHje cy CTaHOBHHu:n TOIIJlHjHX , KpajeBa.

2. Ha KaKBHM MjecTliMa lKHBe lliKoprufje?

12. lilKOpIllJje lKune Ha MjecHllvm Hcrro.u K~Melba, naJLeBHMa H npyrHM CKPOBUTHM IMJeCTHMa.

3.Ha Koje 3fJlaBKape Jlw!e?

13. ITpeMa CTIOJbaIIIIf,oj rpaijH, JInqe Ha I paKa alH lIM je Tp6yx 3HaTHonYlKH.

I

i

TT

~~HMO 3UPaJKCH qOBJCK. ,oBJeK ec 'lellle H Jal3 OCT31Y Ha HOKTHMa.

14.lllTa ce HaJIa:m Ha nOCJie.I\lbeM Q.laHKY Yp6yxa?

II

ITAYLl;I1

KPITEThH

-TIaYK KpCTaill. -rJIaneHorpynHH l(l1O H Tp6Yllilllf .I\110 -ABa napa mm3Ka on Kojnx je)1an lIMa OTpOBHC H tJeTHpn TIapa o'mjy. -Ep3namure Koje JJYCje rycry Te'lHOeT o.u Koje llJieTY :vrpCJKy. -Ha JJymlh3'IKa

-Ha 3eMJhH, Meijy 3CJleHHM 6UJbKaMa, Y 6pailIHY, HeKH CY rrapa3JHH H3 "lOBjeKy H lKHBOTHlb3Ma. -MalbH ey O'::(jenHor MllJHlMCTpa. .. ITpcIIoce 3apa3HC oo:reCTlf. -)f(T1Bn y KOJKH

rvryna.

II

HllceKTC, y6Hjajy OTpOBOM, y mjeJIO H3ny'Iyjy cOKOBe 3a Bapelbe, CBapene nHjenoBe TIOCpqy.

- CBpa6 I1JiI1 myra. -3aTO lllTO je myra 3apa3Ha OOJleCT.

lliKOPITHJE - CTaHOBHmm cy TOTIJ1l1X KpajeBa. - HcrrO'::(lC8MClh3, nalLeBa Ii npyrHM CKPOBHTHM -ITpeMa cnOJIlaUIILCM

H3r.TlCD:Y ,,'1WIC n8 paKose. Ha.na3H ce OTPOSHCl ·I1.HceKHl H .I\pyre CHTHe )KHBOTHlhe. - rpa6~1'HBHu:e.

CTOHOfE - JInqe Ha 'UlaHKOB11TC mHCTe. - HMajy BeJIIiKH 6poj HOry. - )KliBe HCnO.I\ KaMelba 11 y onCL1oM JiHlllny. - XpaHe ce OIICLqU'M .nIllutleM, HeKe spCTe je.I\y HHceKTe H KHIllHe r,;mCTe. - JIose HOny.

I~P.a3MHOJKaBajy CC

·JaJHMa. HeKe JKeHKe noje.uy MYlKjaKe IlocnHj e napelb3.

4. Ha nOCJbel(lb~M 'lJlaHKY Tp6yxa HaJIa3H 1, CC

OYpOBHa lKnHJe3iIa.

' 5. XpaHe ce HHceKTHMa 11 npYrHM CHTHUM

5. LfHMe ce xpaHe?

JKHBOTHfhaMa.

, 6. KaKBe cy no H3'!lmy Hcxpane? I1lITAH>A L Ha Koje lKllBOTHlbe nO.I\cjenajy no CIIOJballilbCM H3rJie.uy')

6. ITo na'll-fHY HcxpaHe cy rpa6JhHBHue.

I

rPYITA CTOHOfE L ITo CnOJballilbeM H3T'JlCny CTOHore nO.I\cjenajy Ha 'lJlaHKOBHTe IIpBe.

2. Pa3JlHKY ce ITO TOMe lliTO IIMajy BeJIHKH 2. ITo 'I~MY ce"pa3JH!Kyjy? .

6poj HOry on HeKOJiHKO neceTHHa gO CTOTHHa.

.-

--.~

-

-

3. fnie ce MOrv HanH? .., - - .-• ~

'.

,-..,~

4. LflrMe ce xpaHe? . --"..-

"-,,

""

! 5. Kan3'o61{QHO" m'me'!

242

"

."

3. Mory ce HahH Hcno)], KaMelba, y OTI
. 4. XpaHe ce onalHM J1HlllheM, H HeRe BpCTe HHceKTHMa H KUlliHHM rnHCTaMa. 5. 06WlHO JiOBe HOny.

243

OCHOBHa IIIKOJla: Paspe,n: HaCTaBHHl(a: Pa,D}lOHHl(a: HaCTaBHH npe,nMeT: HaCTaBHa je)],HHHl(a: IJ,HJb:

TIO'rpe5aH MaTCpl1jan:

«):(p .MJla)],eH CTOjaHoButm

y JOmaBKH

VII HHHa Opam
- 3amIIlle Tl1nOBe YCHMX arrapara KO,n: noje,n:m1Hx rpyrra l1HCCKaTa Ha Ta6mI. 'IeTBpTH KopaK: CaMOCTaJIHO yqeThe - pjemaBaThe rrOCTaBJbeHHX 3a,naTaKa. TIeI'll KOPaK: TIo 3aBpmeTKY caMOCTaJ1HOr pa,n:a CJIHje,nl1 lI3naraThe rpa,ll,HBa:

llieCTl1 KOPaK: Ce)]'MH KopaK:

- Je,naH 0)], YQeHl1Ka (Kojer cy fl3a6paJIl1 ,ll,pyroBH y rpyrrH) 3amlcyje Haj6l1THflje Ha Ta6nJ1. - Osaj 06nJ1K pa,ll,a ce nOHaB.Jba ,n:OK cse rpyne He npe,ll,CTaBe IIITa cy Hayql1mr. l1posjepa HflBoa 3HaTha CBaKor Y'l..eHHKa y rpyrll1.

y qeHH[(l1 Bpe)]'H)'jy CBOj PM l1 aKTUBHOCT qJIaHOBa rpyne. TIpOQHTaI'l1 [(HjeJIY neKLI,Hjy KO,ll, Kyli.e H O,ll,rOBopHTH Ha nHTaTha Ha Kpajy neK[(Hje.

KOPAII,H TIPBII KOpaK:


):(pyrH KGpaK:

3a,J,aBaILC 3a1l,araKa 3a CaMGCTaJUIH pa,n yqeHHKa

Tpetm KopaK:

TIo)J.jeJla 3a,n:UTaKU

TIpBa rpyna HMa 3U)J,aTaK ,L\a: - npo"lIna TeKCT 0' JlClITUpHMa Koju ce HaJlase Ha CTpaHH 55 M 56 yu6eHHKa, HaY"lH H o,nroBopu Ha flUTal:ba: KaKO ce xpaHH rycjeHHl(a neflTupa a KaKO o)]'pacmI Jlenmp? KaKo ce pa3MH())KaBajy nenTHpH? - Ib TeKCTa .l13)],BOjU y KpaTKuM Ll,pTaMa UITa je BIDKHO H 3anHlIIe Ha Ta6JIH. ):(pyra rpyrra HMa 3a)],aTaK )],a: np01J:HTa TeKCT 0 onHoKpHJlHllHMa. - HaYLJ:H 0 rrqeJlaMa, ocaMa H 6y6aMapaMa. H3 TeKCTa H3)]'BOjU mTaje HajBIDKHujc H 3anl1me Ha Ta6JUi. Tpella rpyna HMa 3a)],aTaK )],a: rrpOl.JHTa TeKCT 0 TBP)J.OKpHJlHLI,HMa (5y5e), . HaYLJ:H 3alIITO ce 30BY TBp)J,OKPHJlUl1? TIl1MC CC xpaHe? HaY'l..H O. 6y6aMapl1 fl KpOMnl1pOBoj 3J1llTl1UH. ill TeKCTa fl3)],BOjl1 y KpaTlmM Te3aMa IIITO je BIDlcHon 3amlme A:a. Ta6JIl1. 'IeTBpTa rpyna l1Ma 3a)J,aTaK )],a: - npo,{lfra TeKCT 0 Bl:UlHHCKOM KOlhHll,y, TBP)],OKpHJiLl,HMa;",D:BOKpI1!IL(l1Ma, 6y6aMa, .. ' . ' ..... . ..

Hay4l1 THnOBe YCHliX anapaTa KO,ll, OBl1X BpcTa .HHeeKaTa1:l ThHXOBe rrpc,UcTaBHHKe.

244

245

elP - K3TaJIOrH3al\uja y ny6JIJ1Kal\HjI1 Hapop;!m H ymIBep3uTeTCKa 6H6JJHOTCKa Perry6mme CprrCKe, Bafha JIYKa 371.134(082) 371.279(082)

YCABPIllABAfbEM HaCTaBHHKa 110 aKT!1BHOr y'lellia Y'-IeHHKa / [ITepo CrracojeBHh, gparo BpaHKoBuh... H I1p.] ; [pe)}aKl\uja MapKo rajuh ... M):Ip.]. - Ballia JIyKa : MUHHcTapcTBo rrpocBjeTe H KYJIType Pcrry6JJMKC CprrCKC: Perry6.lIWlKU rrC):IarOlllI(J1 33aO):l, 2005 (Ballia JIYKa : KOMecrpa¢uKa). - 248 CTp. : UJIyCTp. ; 24l\M ITpCM3 YBO)}Y, "36oPHIiK npC):ICTBBJI,a rrpol\cc rrpBKTIi'-lHe peBm!3BI\Iije Ii HMrrJlCMCHTBl\ujc Hl1cja rrpojeKTB YC3BplllaB3fLeM HaCTaBHUKa TlO 3KTHBHor Y'-Iellia y'-leHHKa". - THp3)K 1.500. - Bn6JlTlOrpa¢nja y3 CBe pa):lOBe. ISBN 99938-802-1-3

CITACOJEBI1n., ITepo EPAHKOBI1n., gparo r AJI1n., MapKo 913 'BAKOBI1n., ITeTap 916 ErI1'n, 30pBH 916 KPYHI1T1., gaHlu,a 916 ITOTKOH,AK, )KeJhKO 916 CITPEMO, BOCnJhKa 916 T.J:EKPJII1JA, Eopnc 916 IT.O.: HACTABHI1IJ;I1- CTpY'-IHO ycaapillllB3J-h() - ,., 36opHnl\H, YT.J:EHI1II;I1- Ycrrjcx ~:36opHnl.\.ll-: . MFN=002657

Winisis-Bn6!Il1o