UNIVERSIDAD CENTRAL DEL ECUADOR INGENIERIA QUIMICA ANALISIS QUIMICO
FRACCIONES DE ESPECIES DISOCIANTES A UN pH DADO VALORES Y Diagramas logarími!os "# !o$!#$ra!i%$
INTEGRANTE& VINICIO 'ENALCA(AR AAYUDANTE DE CATEDRA& ANDREA ARAU)O
*+,-
TRA'A)O AUTONOMO O')ETIVO
Conocer y elaborar un diagrama alfa (fracción de las especies disociantes) en función de un PH dado Conocer y elaborar un diagrama de Log de las especies disociantes en función de un PH dado.
,. ESPECIE ,.,. ,.,.
/H0PO-1
DIAG DIAGRA RAMA MA DE ALF ALFA 2 PH
El ácido fosfórico acuoso se disocia formando Iones y cada uno de los cuales tiene una concentración a analizar. Por lo tanto la concentración inicial de cido fosfórico incluido al !gua seria"
fracción de cada uno de las especies presentes se denota como"
# La
Ec #$
Ec #$% &a &a 'ue eisten las reacciones reacciones de isociación −1
+ ¿ + H 2 H 2 PO 4
Ec #$*
¿
H 3 H 3 PO 4 + H 2 H 2 O ⇆ H
+ ¿ + HPO 4 −1
H 2 H 2 PO 4
−2 ¿
+ H 2 O ⇆ H
Ec #$+
−2
+ ¿ + PO 4 −2
HPO 4
¿
+ H 2 O ⇆ H
Ec #$,
-egn la de/nición de Coe/ciente de isociación se tiene las siguientes ecuaciones
Ec s #$01213 4eemplazando dic5as fórmulas para de6ar a cada especie en función de (H*P7+) tenemos"
Ec. #$8
Ec. #$#9
Ec. #$## Entonces sustituyendo de la ecuación #$#
Ec #$#% :inalmente 5allamos alfa i;idiendo para (H*P7+) y sacando la In;ersa
Ec #$ #* Ec #$ #+ Ec #$#, Ec #$#0
-e 5alla la :unción !lfa <: (PH) en la siguiente tabla" =abla #$# !lfa <: (PH) pH 919 91, #19 #1, %19 %1, *19 *1, +19 +1, ,19 ,1, 019 01, 219 21, 319 31, 819 81, #919 #91, ##19 ##1, #%19 #%1, #*19 #*1, #+19
> H?@ #199 *1#0E$9# #199E$9# *1#0E$9% #199E$9% *1#0E$9* #199E$9* *1#0E$9+ #199E$9+ *1#0E$9, #199E$9, *1#0E$90 #199E$90 *1#0E$92 #199E$92 *1#0E$93 #199E$93 *1#0E$98 #199E$98 *1#0E$#9 #199E$#9 *1#0E$## #199E$## *1#0E$#% #199E$#% *1#0E$#* #199E$#* *1#0E$#+ #199E$#+
enominador #19#EB99 *1%2E$9% #1##E$9* +1%0E$9, %1#9E$90 #1+%E$92 #1%9E$93 #1#*E$98 #1##E$#9 #1##E$## #1##E$#% #1#*E$#* #1#3E$#+ #1*0E$#, #18*E$#0 *12#E$#2 81*,E$#3 %12%E$#3 31*0E$#8 %10%E$#8 31*9E$%9 %10,E$%9 310,E$%# *199E$%# #1%%E$%# 01,2E$%% +128E$%% +1%%E$%% +19+E$%%
A9 8138E$9# 8100E$9# 819#E$9# 21+%E$9# +120E$9# %1%*E$9# 31**E$9% %128E$9% 8199E$9* %130E$9* 819%E$9+ %13#E$9+ 31+0E$9, %1*%E$9, ,1#8E$90 31,*E$92 #192E$92 #1#0E$93 #1%9E$98 #1%#E$#9 #1%9E$## #1#8E$#% #1#0E$#* #19,E$#+ 31#8E$#0 +13#E$#2 %198E$#3 21+8E$%9 %1+2E$%#
A# #198E$9% *1*0E$9% 818#E$9% %1,3E$9# ,1%+E$9# 2122E$9# 81#2E$9# 812%E$9# 8189E$9# 818,E$9# 818%E$9# 8122E$9# 81*9E$9# 3193E$9# ,12#E$9# %182E$9# #1#3E$9# +19,E$9% #1*%E$9% +1#8E$9* #1**E$9* +1#,E$9+ #1%2E$9+ *100E$9, 819#E$90 #102E$90 %1*9E$92 %10#E$93 %12%E$98
A% A* 31#0E$#9 *18%E$%% 2182E$98 #1%#E$%9 21+*E$93 *1,2E$#8 01#%E$92 81%8E$#3 *18*E$90 #138E$#0 #13+E$9, %139E$#, 0132E$9, *1*9E$#+ %1*9E$9+ *1,9E$#* 21+*E$9+ *1,0E$#% %1*0E$9* *1,3E$## 21++E$9* *1,2E$#9 %1*%E$9% *1,%E$98 0183E$9% *1*,E$93 #18%E$9# %18#E$92 +1%8E$9# %190E$90 219*E$9# #192E$9, 313%E$9# +1%+E$9, 81,8E$9# #1+0E$9+ 8130E$9# +12*E$9+ 818+E$9# #1,#E$9* 818+E$9# +122E$9* 813,E$9# #1+8E$9% 81,+E$9# +1,3E$9% 3103E$9# #1*%E$9# 0120E$9# *1%+E$9# *182E$9# 019*E$9# #12%E$9# 31%3E$9# 01#3E$9% 81*3E$9# %19+E$9% 8139E$9#
GRAFICA ,2, Al3a 4F /PH1
Valor#s Al3a H0PO-
A9
,.*
A#
A%
A*
DIAGRAMA LOGARITMICO DE CONCENTRACION
Este diagrama se elabora 5allando los ;alores de" Log (H)< $PH Log (7H)< PH$PD Los logaritmos de cada especie isociarte se 5alla 5aciendo un análisis segn las condiciones acidas o alcalinas 'ue presente el medio. Los datos obtenidos son"
=abla #$% atos Logaritmo C
> H?@ > 7H$@
919
#199
91,
*1#0 E$9#
#19
#199 E$9#
#1,
*1#0 E$9%
%19
#199 E$9%
%1,
*1#0 E$9*
*19
#199 E$9*
*1, +19
*1#0 E$9+ #199
#EB#+
P oH
log >H@
log >7H@
>H*P7+ >H%P7+$ @ @
>HP7+$ %@
>P7+$ *@
8138E$ $#+19 9+
#198E$ 9,
31#0E$ *18%E #* $%,
$*19
$#+
919
*1#0EB $ #* #*1,
$91,
$#*1,
8100E$ 9+
*1*0E$ 9,
2182E$ #1%#E #% $%*
$*19
$#*
$#19
$#*19
819#E$ 9+
818#E$ 9,
21+*E$ *1,2E ## $%%
$*19
*1#0EB $ #% #%1,
$#1,
$#%1,
21+%E$ 9+
%1,3E$ 9+
01#%E$ 81%8E #9 $%#
$*1#
$#%
$%19
$#%19
+120E$ 9+
,1%+E$ 9+
*18*E$ #138E 98 $#8
$*1*
*1#0EB $ ## ##1,
$%1,
$##1,
%1%*E$ 9+
2122E$ 9+
#13+E$ %139E 93 $#3
$*12
$##
$*19
$##19
31**E$ 9,
81#2E$ 9+
0132E$ *1*9E 93 $#2
$+1#
*1#0EB $ #9 #91, #EB#9 $#9
$*1, $+19
%128E$ $#91, 9, $#919 8199E$
812%E$ 9+ 8189E$
%1*9E$ *1,9E 92 $#0 21+*E$ *1,0E
$+10 $,19
#EB#*
#EB#%
#EB##
E$9+
90
9+
92
$#,
+1,
*1#0 E$9,
*1#0EB 98
$81,
$+1,
$81,
%130E$ 90
818,E$ 9+
%1*0E$ *1,3E 90 $#+
,19
#199 E$9,
#EB98
$8
$,19
$819
819%E$ 92
818%E$ 9+
21++E$ *1,2E 90 $#*
pH
> H?@ > 7H$@
,1,
*1#0 E$90
*1#0EB 93
$31,
019
#199 E$90
#EB93
01, 219 21, 319
log >H*P7+@
P oH
log >H@
log >7H@
>H*P7+ >H%P7+$ @ @
>HP7+$ %@
>P7+$ *@
$ +180**,3+ 2# $ +1+2*+,2+ 00 $ +199*8*9* %0 $ *1,33%+8* #3 $ *1%393%3* #0 $ *1#982+3+ % $ *19*23#3+ #3 $ *19#%+98# 92 $
*199+%,%8 0 $ *199%%2%, $,1, 2% $ *199*0*02 $019 ,%
log >H*P7+@
$,1,
%13#E$ $31, 92
8122E$ 9+
%1*%E$ *1,%E 9, $#%
$010
$3
$019
$319
31+0E$ 93
81*9E$ 9+
0183E$ *1*,E 9, $##
$21#
*1#0 *#0%%2 E$92 22
$21,
$01,
$21,
%1*%E$ 93
3193E$ 9+
#18%E$ %18#E 9+ $#9
$210
#199 #99999 E$92 99
$2
$219
$219
,1#8E$ 98
,12#E$ 9+
+1%8E$ %190E 9+ $98
$31*
$01, $0
$21, $319
31,*E$ $01, #9 $019 #192E$ #9
%182E$ 9+ #1#3E$ 9+
219*E$ #192E 9+ $93 313%E$ +1%+E 9+ $93
*1#0 *#0%%2 E$93 3 #199 #99999 E$93 9
log >H%P7+$ @
$81# $#919
log >H%P7+$ @ $ *19#9*9#3 8* $ *19*#++,% 9+ $ *198%+*83 33 $ *1%+*9+## 83 $ *1,%23,+8 8, $ *18%8+*2*
log>HP7+$ %@ $ #%1933%8 2%# $ ##1983*8 0% $ #91#%330 890 $ 81%#*#33 9,, $ 31+9,202 9,% $ 212*+032 #,0 $ 21#0%2,2 #,+ $ 010*2*+2 3++ $
log>P7+$ *@ $ %+1+929, 0 $ %%18#2#, , $ %#1++20% 23 $ %919*#8+ 03 $ #312%+,% ,3 $ #21,,*++ ,8 $ #01+3#,# ,8 $ #,1+,0#9 00 $
01#%8#8# #+1++28, 082 9, $ $ ,10%2%## #*1++,82 *98 9# $ $ ,1#%3,2, #%1++2** +38 +*
log>HP7+$ %@ $ +10*,%+9 0* $ +1#,0*3* 8+# $ *12#2*23 0%+ $ *1*02828 8*, $ *1#,%28* 2*% $ *19,+*20
log>P7+$ *@ $ ##1+,*88 8+ $ #91+2,#+ %2 $ 81,*0#*2 *8 $ 310302*3 2 $ 2182#,,% +8 $ 21*2*#*+
E$9+
90
9+
92
$#,
+1,
*1#0 E$9,
*1#0EB 98
$81,
$+1,
$81,
%130E$ 90
818,E$ 9+
%1*0E$ *1,3E 90 $#+
,19
#199 E$9,
#EB98
$8
$,19
$819
819%E$ 92
818%E$ 9+
21++E$ *1,2E 90 $#*
pH
> H?@ > 7H$@
,1,
*1#0 E$90
*1#0EB 93
$31,
019
#199 E$90
#EB93
01, 219 21, 319
P oH
log >H@
log >7H@
>H*P7+ >H%P7+$ @ @
>HP7+$ %@
>P7+$ *@
*199+%,%8 0 $ *199%%2%, $,1, 2% $ *199*0*02 $019 ,%
log >H*P7+@
$,1,
%13#E$ $31, 92
8122E$ 9+
%1*%E$ *1,%E 9, $#%
$010
$3
$019
$319
31+0E$ 93
81*9E$ 9+
0183E$ *1*,E 9, $##
$21#
*1#0 *#0%%2 E$92 22
$21,
$01,
$21,
%1*%E$ 93
3193E$ 9+
#18%E$ %18#E 9+ $#9
$210
#199 #99999 E$92 99
$2
$219
$219
,1#8E$ 98
,12#E$ 9+
+1%8E$ %190E 9+ $98
$31*
$01, $0
$21, $319
31,*E$ $01, #9 $019 #192E$ #9
%182E$ 9+ #1#3E$ 9+
219*E$ #192E 9+ $93 313%E$ +1%+E 9+ $93
*1#0 *#0%%2 E$93 3 #199 #99999 E$93 9
$81# $#919
31,
*1#0 *#0%%2 E$98 13
$,1,
$31,
$,1,
#1#0E$ ##
+19,E$ 9,
81,8E$ #1+0E 9+ $92
$#918
819
#199 E$98 #99999
$,
$819
$,19
#1%9E$ #%
#1*%E$ 9,
8130E$ +12*E 9+ $92
$##18
81,
*1#0 E$#9
*#0%%1 23
$+1,
$81,
$+1,
#1%#E$ #*
+1#8E$ 90
818+E$ #1,#E 9+ $90
$#%18
#919
#199 E$#9
#9999
$+
$#919
$+19
#1%9E$ #+
#1**E$ 90
818+E$ +122E 9+ $90
$#*18
#91,
*1#0 E$##
*#0%1% 23
$*1,
$#91,
$*1,
#1#8E$ #,
+1#,E$ 92
813,E$ #1+8E 9+ $9,
$#+18
##19
#199 E$##
#999
$*
$##19
$*19
#1#0E$ #0
#1%2E$ 92
81,+E$ +1,3E 9+ $9,
$#,18
pH
> H?@ > 7H$@
P oH
log >H@
##1,
*1#0 E$#%
*#01%% 23
$%1,
#%19
#199 E$#%
#99
%$log >7H@
>H*P7+ >H%P7+$ @ @
>HP7+$ %@
>P7+$ *@
$##1,
#19,E$ $%1, #2
*100E$ 93
3103E$ #1*%E 9+ $9+
$#%19
$%19
31#8E$ #8
819#E$ 98
0120E$ *1%+E 9+ $9+
log >H*P7+@
log >H%P7+$ @
01#%8#8# #+1++28, 082 9, $ $ ,10%2%## #*1++,82 *98 9# $ $ ,1#%3,2, #%1++2** +38 +*
$ *19#9*9#3 8* $ *19*#++,% 9+ $ *198%+*83 33 $ *1%+*9+## 83 $ *1,%23,+8 8, $ *18%8+*2*
log>HP7+$ %@ $ +10*,%+9 0* $ +1#,0*3* 8+# $ *12#2*23 0%+ $ *1*02828 8*, $ *1#,%28* 2*% $ *19,+*20
log>P7+$ *@ $ ##1+,*88 8+ $ #91+2,#+ %2 $ 81,*0#*2 *8 $ 310302*3 2 $ 2182#,,% +8 $ 21*2*#*+
0, $ +1*8*909+ 0# $ +133#9#8% 0* $ ,1*22,++, 98 $ ,13222#03 9# $ 01*3#23+# 88 $ 0138,+222 80
#9% $ *19#2888 #83 $ *199,8,2 888 $ *199%+3* %+0 $ *199%0,, ,*2 $ *19902%% 8*0 $ *19%9+#0 ,**
30 $ 013*02,2 80 $ 01*%+2#0 20 $ ,13%#%+% 9# $ ,1*%#+#+ * $ +13%,+3# 2 $ +1**8#2, *
log >H%P7+$ @
$ 21+*0+,9% $#219 ## $ 319+,*%03 $#31# 8#
log>HP7+$ log>P7+$ %@ *@ $ $ *190#*33 *1339#+2 8+3 2# $ $ *1#29%0, *1+389%+ 0%3 *8
31,
*1#0 *#0%%2 E$98 13
$,1,
$31,
$,1,
#1#0E$ ##
+19,E$ 9,
81,8E$ #1+0E 9+ $92
$#918
819
#199 E$98 #99999
$,
$819
$,19
#1%9E$ #%
#1*%E$ 9,
8130E$ +12*E 9+ $92
$##18
81,
*1#0 E$#9
*#0%%1 23
$+1,
$81,
$+1,
#1%#E$ #*
+1#8E$ 90
818+E$ #1,#E 9+ $90
$#%18
#919
#199 E$#9
#9999
$+
$#919
$+19
#1%9E$ #+
#1**E$ 90
818+E$ +122E 9+ $90
$#*18
#91,
*1#0 E$##
*#0%1% 23
$*1,
$#91,
$*1,
#1#8E$ #,
+1#,E$ 92
813,E$ #1+8E 9+ $9,
$#+18
##19
#199 E$##
#999
$*
$##19
$*19
#1#0E$ #0
#1%2E$ 92
81,+E$ +1,3E 9+ $9,
$#,18
pH
P oH
> H?@ > 7H$@
log >H@
##1,
*1#0 E$#%
*#01%% 23
$%1,
#%19
#199 E$#%
#99
%$#%1,
*1#0 E$#*
*#10%% 23
#*19
#199 E$#*
#*1, #+19
log >7H@
>H*P7+ >H%P7+$ @ @
>HP7+$ %@
>P7+$ *@
log >H*P7+@
0, $ +1*8*909+ 0# $ +133#9#8% 0* $ ,1*22,++, 98 $ ,13222#03 9# $ 01*3#23+# 88 $ 0138,+222 80
log >H%P7+$ @
$ 21+*0+,9% $#219 ## $ 319+,*%03 $#31# 8#
$##1,
#19,E$ $%1, #2
*100E$ 93
3103E$ #1*%E 9+ $9+
$#%19
$%19
31#8E$ #8
819#E$ 98
0120E$ *1%+E 9+ $9+
$#1,
$#%1,
+13#E$ $#1, %9
#102E$ 98
*182E$ 019*E 9+ $9+
$#81*
#9
$#
$#*19
$#19
%198E$ %#
%1*9E$ #9
#12%E$ 31%3E 9+ $9+
$%912
*1#0 E$#+
*1#0%% 23
$91,
$#*1,
$91,
21+8E$ %*
%10#E$ ##
01#3E$ 81*3E 9, $9+
$%%1#
#199 E$#+
#
9
$#+19
919
%1+2E$ %+
%12%E$ #%
%19+E$ 8139E 9, $9+
$%*10
$ 31220988* 98 $ 810*3+38* ,2 $ #91,3+9## #, $ ##1,0,%,2 *+
#9% $ *19#2888 #83 $ *199,8,2 888 $ *199%+3* %+0 $ *199%0,, ,*2 $ *19902%% 8*0 $ *19%9+#0 ,**
30 $ 013*02,2 80 $ 01*%+2#0 20 $ ,13%#%+% 9# $ ,1*%#+#+ * $ +13%,+3# 2 $ +1**8#2, *
log>HP7+$ log>P7+$ %@ *@ $ $ *190#*33 *1339#+2 8+3 2# $ $ *1#29%0, *1+389%+ 0%3 *8
$ *1+9#9*3 9+, $ *120*+%3 98* $ +1%938+8 33% $ +1089#80 93#
$ *1%#8280 3# $ *193%#30 30 $ *19%2293 0+ $ *19938,+ 3+
#%1,
*1#0 E$#*
*#10%% 23
$#%1,
+13#E$ $#1, %9
#102E$ 98
*182E$ 019*E 9+ $9+
$#1,
$#81*
#*19
#199 E$#*
#9
$#
$#*19
$#19
%198E$ %#
%1*9E$ #9
#12%E$ 31%3E 9+ $9+
$%912
#*1,
*1#0 E$#+
*1#0%% 23
$91,
$#*1,
$91,
21+8E$ %*
%10#E$ ##
01#3E$ 81*3E 9, $9+
$%%1#
#+19
#199 E$#+
#
9
$#+19
919
%1+2E$ %+
%12%E$ #%
%19+E$ 8139E 9, $9+
$%*10
$ 31220988* 98 $ 810*3+38* ,2 $ #91,3+9## #, $ ##1,0,%,2 *+
$ *1+9#9*3 9+, $ *120*+%3 98* $ +1%938+8 33% $ +1089#80 93#
GRAFICA ,.*2, Logarimo C 43 /PH1
DIagrama Logarimo "# Co$!#$ra!io$
Log (H)
Log(7H)
Log(H*P7+)
Log(H%P7+$)
Log>HP7+$%@
Log>P7+$*@
$ *1%#8280 3# $ *193%#30 30 $ *19%2293 0+ $ *19938,+ 3+
GRAFICA ,.*2, Logarimo C 43 /PH1
DIagrama Logarimo "# Co$!#$ra!io$
Log (H)
Log(7H)
Log(H*P7+)
Log(H%P7+$)
Log>HP7+$%@
Log>P7+$*@
*. ESPECIE
/HOCl1
*.,.
DIAGRAMA DE ALFA 2 PH
!nálogamente al e6ercicio anterior se obtienen las siguientes ecuaciones" Ec %.#$#
Ec %.#$# Ec %.#$#
Ec %.#$#
Ec %.#$# Ec %.#$#
Ec %.#$#
-e obtienen los siguientes datos"
=abla %.#$# !L:!
pH
> H?@
919
#199
91,
*1#0E$9#
#19 #1, %19 %1, *19 *1, +19 +1, ,19 ,1, 019 01, 219 21, 319
#199E$9# *1#0E$9% #199E$9% *1#0E$9* #199E$9* *1#0E$9+ #199E$9+ *1#0E$9, #199E$9, *1#0E$90 #199E$90 *1#0E$92 #199E$92 *1#0E$93 #199E$93
A9 #199EB9 9 #199EB9 9 #199EB9 9 8188E$9# 8183E$9# 818+E$9# 813*E$9# 81+3E$9# 31,#E$9# 01++E$9# *10+E$9# #1,*E$9# ,1+#E$9% #122E$9% ,103E$9* #139E$9* ,12#E$9+
31,
*1#0E$98
#13#E$9+
819
#199E$98
,12#E$9,
81,
*1#0E$#9
#13#E$9,
#919
#199E$#9
,12#E$90
#91,
*1#0E$##
#13#E$90
##19
#199E$##
,12#E$92
##1,
*1#0E$#%
#13#E$92
#%19
#199E$#%
,12#E$93
#%1,
*1#0E$#*
#13#E$93
#*19
#199E$#*
,12#E$98
#*1,
*1#0E$#+
#13#E$98
#+19
#199E$#+
,12#E$#9
A# #12,E$9, ,1,*E$9, #12,E$9+ ,1,*E$9+ #12,E$9* ,1,9E$9* #12%E$9% ,1%+E$9% #1+8E$9# *1,0E$9# 01*0E$9# 31+2E$9# 81+0E$9# 813%E$9# 818+E$9# 8183E$9# 8188E$9# #199EB9 9 #199EB9 9 #199EB9 9 #199EB9 9 #199EB9 9 #199EB9 9 #199EB9 9 #199EB9 9 #199EB9 9 #199EB9 9 #199EB9 9 #199EB9 9
4!:IC7 %.#$# I!4!F! !L:!
ALFA4F/PH1 HOCL
fraccion para H7Cl
fraccion para CL7
*.*.
pH 919
DIAGRAMA LOGARITMICO DE CONCENTRACION
Este diagrama se elabora 5allando los ;alores de" Log (H)< $PH Log (7H)< PH$PD Los logaritmos de cada especie isociante se 5alla 5aciendo un análisis segn las condiciones acidas o alcalinas 'ue presente el medio. Los datos obtenidos son" 4!:IC! %.%$# Log C H?@ > 7H$@ oH >H@ >7H@ >H7Cl@ >7cl$ @ >H7Cl@ #199
#EB#+
$#+
91,
*1#0E$ *1#0%*EB 9# #* $#*1,
#19
#199E$ 9#
#1,
*1#0E$ *1#0%*EB 9% #% $#%1,
%19
#199E$ 9%
%1,
*1#0E$ *1#0%*EB 9* ## $##1,
*19
#199E$ 9*
*1,
*1#0E$ *1#0%*EB 9+ #9 $#91,
+19
#199E$ 9+
#EB#9
+1,
*1#0E$ 9,
*#0%%22 009
,19 ,1,
#199E$ 9, *1#0E$
#999999 999 *#0%%22
#EB#*
#EB#%
#EB##
$#*
$#%
$##
$#9 $81, $8 $31,
919
$ $#+19 #199E$9% #12,E$92 %199EB99
$91,
$ $#*1, #199E$9% ,1,*E$92 %199EB99
$#19
$ $#*19 #199E$9% #12,E$90 %199EB99
$#1,
$ $#%1, 8188E$9* ,1,*E$90 %199EB99
$%19
$ $#%19 8183E$9* #12,E$9, %199EB99
$%1,
$ $##1, 818+E$9* ,1,9E$9, %199EB99
$*19
$ $##19 813*E$9* #12%E$9+ %19#EB99
$*1,
$ $#91, 81+3E$9* ,1%+E$9+ %19%EB99
$+19
$ $#919 31,#E$9* #1+8E$9* %192EB99
$+1,
$ $81, 01++E$9* *1,0E$9* %1#8EB99
$,19 $,1,
$ $819 *10+E$9* 01*0E$9* %1++EB99 $31, #1,*E$9* 31+2E$9* $
log >7cl$ @ $ 0120EB9 9 $ 01%0EB9 9 $ ,120EB9 9 $ ,1%0EB9 9 $ +120EB9 9 $ +1%0EB9 9 $ *120EB9 9 $ *1%3EB9 9 $ %13*EB9 9 $ %1+,EB9 9 $ %1%9EB9 9 $
90
00
%13%EB99
019
#199E$ 90
#999999 99
$ 81+0E$9* *1%2EB99
01,
*1#0E$ 92
*#0%%22 010
219
#199E$ 92
#999999 9
21,
*1#0E$ 93
*#0%%221 00
319
#199E$ 93
#999999
31,
*1#0E$ 98
*#0%%212 00
819
#199E$ 98
#99999
81,
*1#0E$ #9
*#0%%122 00
#919
#199E$ #9
#9999
#91,
*1#0E$ ##
*#0%1%22 00
##19
#199E$ ##
#999
##1,
*1#0E$ #%
*#01%%22 00
#%19
#199E$ #%
#99
#%1,
*1#0E$ #*
*#10%%22 00
#*19
#199E$ #*
#9
#*1,
*1#0E$ #+
*1#0%%22 00
#+19
#199E$ #+
#
$3 $21, $2 $01, $0 $,1, $, $+1, $+ $*1, $* $%1, $% $#1, $# $91, 9
$019
$319 ,1+#E$9+
$01,
$ $21, #122E$9+ 813%E$9* *12,EB99
$219
$219 ,103E$9,
$ 818+E$9* +1%,EB99
$21,
$ $01, #139E$9, 8183E$9* +12+EB99
$319
$ $019 ,12#E$90 8188E$9* ,1%+EB99
$31,
$ $,1, #13#E$90 #199E$9% ,12+EB99
$819
$ $,19 ,12#E$92 #199E$9% 01%+EB99
$81,
$ $+1, #13#E$92 #199E$9% 012+EB99
$#919
$ $+19 ,12#E$93 #199E$9% 21%+EB99
$#91,
$ $*1, #13#E$93 #199E$9% 212+EB99
$##19
$ $*19 ,12#E$98 #199E$9% 31%+EB99
$##1,
$ $%1, #13#E$98 #199E$9% 312+EB99
$#%19
$ $%19 ,12#E$#9 #199E$9% 81%+EB99
$#%1,
$ $#1, #13#E$#9 #199E$9% 812+EB99
$#*19
$ $#19 ,12#E$## #199E$9% #19%EB9#
$#*1,
$ $91, #13#E$## #199E$9% #192EB9#
$#+19
$ 919 ,12#E$#% #199E$9% #1#%EB9#
%192EB9 9 $ %19%EB9 9 $ %19#EB9 9 $ %199EB9 9 $ %199EB9 9 $ %199EB9 9 $ %199EB9 9 $ %199EB9 9 $ %199EB9 9 $ %199EB9 9 $ %199EB9 9 $ %199EB9 9 $ %199EB9 9 $ %199EB9 9 $ %199EB9 9 $ %199EB9 9 $ %199EB9 9 $ %199EB9 9
GRAFICA *.*2, Logarimo C 43 /PH1
DIAGRAMA LOGARITMO DE CONCENTRACION HOCl
log H
log 7H
0. ESPECIE 0.,.
/H*S1
DIAGRAMA DE ALFA 2 PH
!nálogamente al e6ercicio anterior se obtienen los siguientes datos" =abla *.#$# !L:!
> H?@
enomina dor
A9 #199EB9 #199 #199EB99 9 #199EB9 *1#0E$9# #199E$9# 9 #199EB9 #199E$9# #199E$9% 9 #199EB9 *1#0E$9% #199E$9* 9 #199EB9 #199E$9% #199E$9+ 9 #199EB9 *1#0E$9* #199E$9, 9 #199EB9 #199E$9* #199E$90 9 #199EB9 *1#0E$9+ #199E$92 9 #199E$9+ #199E$93 8188E$9# *1#0E$9, #199E$98 8182E$9# #199E$9, #19#E$#9 818#E$9# *1#0E$90 #19*E$## 812#E$9# #199E$90 #1#9E$#% 81#*E$9# *1#0E$92 #1*9E$#* 2108E$9# #199E$92 #18,E$#+ ,1#*E$9# *1#0E$93 +199E$#, %1,9E$9# #199E$93 #19,E$#, 81,%E$9% *1#0E$98 *1#9E$#0 *1%%E$9% #199E$98 8109E$#2 #19+E$9% *1#0E$#9 *19#E$#2 *1*%E$9* #199E$#9 81,#E$#3 #19,E$9* *1#0E$## *19#E$#3 *1**E$9+ #199E$## 81,#E$#8 #19,E$9+ *1#0E$#% *19%E$#8 *1*#E$9, #199E$#% 810%E$%9 #19+E$9, *1#0E$#* *1#*E$%9 *1%9E$90
A#
A%
81,9E$93 #1%*E$%# *199E$92 #1%*E$%9 81,9E$92 #1%*E$#8 *199E$90 #1%*E$#3 81,9E$90 #1%*E$#2 *199E$9, #1%*E$#0 81,9E$9, #1%*E$#, *199E$9+ 81+8E$9+ *199E$9* 81+#E$9* %18%E$9% 3103E$9% %1*#E$9# +132E$9# 21,9E$9# 819,E$9# 8103E$9# 8189E$9# 8182E$9# 8188E$9# 8188E$9# 8188E$9# 8180E$9# 8132E$9# 810#E$9#
#1%*E$#+ #1%*E$#* #1%*E$#% #1%%E$## #1%9E$#9 #1#*E$98 81,9E$98 01**E$93 *193E$92 #1#3E$90 *183E$90 #1%8E$9, +1#9E$9, #1*9E$9+ +1##E$9+ #1*9E$9* +198E$9* #1%3E$9% *18,E$9%
#*19 #*1, #+19
#199E$#* *1#0E$#+ #199E$#+
#192E$%9 +1%+E$%# %1#8E$%#
81*%E$92 313,E$9# #1#,E$9# %1*0E$92 2198E$9# %18#E$9# +1,3E$93 +1*,E$9# ,10,E$9#
4!:IC7 *.#$# I!4!F! !L:!
alfa 9
0.*.
alfa #
alfa %
DIAGRAMA LOGARITMICO DE CONCENTRACION
Este diagrama se elabora 5allando los ;alores de" Log (H)< $PH Log (7H)< PH$PD Los logaritmos de cada especie isociante se 5alla 5aciendo un análisis segn las condiciones acidas o alcalinas 'ue presente el medio. Los datos obtenidos son"
4!:IC! *.%$# Logaritmo C
> H?@
> 7H$@
P oH
log >H@
log >7H@
>H%-@
>H-$ @
>-$%@
log>H%-@ log >H-$@ $ *199EB9
919
#199
#EB#+
$#+
919
$#+19 #199E$9* 81,9E$## #1%*E$%+
*1#0%%3EB 91,
*1#0E$9#
#*
9 $
$91,
$#*1, #199E$9* *199E$#9 #1%*E$%*
9 $
$#919
#199E$9#
#EB#*
$#*
$#19
$#*19 #199E$9* 81,9E$#9 #1%*E$%%
*1#0%%3EB #1,
*1#0E$9%
#%
9 $
$81,
$#1,
$#%1, #199E$9* *199E$98 #1%*E$%#
9 $
$819
#199E$9% #EB#% *1#0E$9* *1#0%%3EB
$#% $##1,
$%19 $%1,
$#%19 #199E$9* 81,9E$98 #1%*E$%9 $##1, #199E$9* *199E$93 #1%*E$#8
##
*19
#199E$9*
#EB##
$##
$*19
$##19 #199E$9* 81,9E$93 #1%*E$#3
*#0%%220 *1,
*1#0E$9+
09%
$31,
$#91,
$*1,
$#91, #199E$9* *199E$92 #1%*E$#2
#199E$9+
999
$+19
$#919 8188E$9+ 81+8E$92 #1%*E$#0
*#0%%220 +1,
*1#0E$9,
09
$81,
$+1,
$81, 8182E$9+ *199E$90 #1%*E$#,
#199E$9,
99
$,19
$819 818#E$9+ 81+#E$90 #1%%E$#+
*#0%%220 ,1,
*1#0E$90
0
#31893*+0
9 $
# $
*199EB9
#21893*2+
9 $
$219
9 $
9 $
9 $
9 $
$01,
$,1,
$31, 812#E$9+ %18%E$9, #1%9E$#*
9
, $ #,18932+,
$019
+ $ #+18980*,
$,1,
3 $ #*18#%+*8
$,19
*19#EB9 $31,
* $ #01893+0*
*199EB9 $8
% $
*199EB9
*199EB9
#9999999 ,19
$319 $21,
*199EB9 $#9
* $ #81893**2
*199EB9
#9999999 +19
9 $
, $ %91893**+
*199EB9 %19 %1,
% $ %#1893***
*199EB9 $#%1,
# $ %%1893***
*199EB9 #19
$ %*1893***
*199EB9 $#*1,
log>-$%@
+ $ #%18%##32
$+1,
3
*19
#199E$9*
#EB##
$##
$*19
*1#0E$9+
09%
#199E$9+
$#91,
$*1,
$#9
$+19
$81,
$+1,
99
$8
$,19
pH
*1#0E$90
> H?@
$31,
P oH
$,1,
log >H@
log >7H@
#9999999 019
#199E$90 9
*1#0E$92 0
>H%-@
>H-$ @
>-$%@
$,19
$3
$019
$319
81#*E$9+ 3103E$9, #1#*E$#% 9 $
$+1,
log >H-$@
$01,
$21,
2108E$9+ %1*#E$9+ 81,9E$#% 9 $
$+1#
#199E$92 #9999999
$2
$219
$219
*#0%%2210 21,
*1#0E$93 0
,1#*E$9+ +132E$9+ 01**E$## 9 $
$*10
$21,
$01,
%1,9E$9+ 21,9E$9+ *193E$#9 9 $
$*1*
#199E$93 #999999
$0
$319
$019
*#0%%2120 31,
*1#0E$98 0
81,%E$9, 819,E$9+ #1#3E$98 9 $
$*1#
$31,
$,1,
*1%%E$9, 8103E$9+ *183E$98 9 $
$*19
#199E$98 #99999 $, *1#0E$#9 *#0%%1220 $+1,
$819 $81,
$,19 $+1,
#19+E$9, 8189E$9+ #1%8E$93 9 *1*%E$90 8182E$9+ +1#9E$93 $
# $ , $
$*19
+183EB9 819 81,
2 $
318%8,%%3
+1+8EB9 $,1,
, $
81,#93+,9
+19%EB9 319
% $
#91#83*02
*109EB9 $01,
log>-$%@ $
##19%%+#,
*1%8EB9 219
3
##18+22+2
*1##EB9 $21,
+ $ #%18%##32
9
log>H%-@ $
3 $ #*18#%+*8
*19+EB9
*#0%%2201 01,
$,1,
9 $
$31, 812#E$9+ %18%E$9, #1%9E$#*
+ $ #+18980*,
*19#EB9
0
> 7H$@
$019
9 $
$819 818#E$9+ 81+#E$90 #1%%E$#+
, $ #,18932+,
*199EB9
*#0%%220 ,1,
$01,
9 $
$81, 8182E$9+ *199E$90 #1%*E$#,
* $ #01893+0*
*199EB9
09
#199E$9,
$219
9 $
$#919 8188E$9+ 81+8E$92 #1%*E$#0
#9999999 ,19
9 $
*199EB9
999
*1#0E$9,
#21893*2+
$#91, #199E$9* *199E$92 #1%*E$#2
*#0%%220 +1,
*199EB9
*199EB9
#9999999 +19
# $
$##19 #199E$9* 81,9E$93 #1%*E$#3
*#0%%220 *1,
9 $
31+99%28+ $ 213890983
$*19 $*19
0 $
pH
> H?@
> 7H$@
P oH
log >H@
log >7H@
#9999999 019
#199E$90 9
*1#0E$92 0
>H-$ @
>-$%@
log>H%-@ $
log >H-$@
*19+EB9 $3
$019
$319
*#0%%2201 01,
>H%-@
81#*E$9+ 3103E$9, #1#*E$#% 9 $
##18+22+2 $+1#
*1##EB9 $21,
$01,
$21,
2108E$9+ %1*#E$9+ 81,9E$#% 9 $
#199E$92 #9999999
$2
$219
$219
*#0%%2210 21,
*1#0E$93 0
,1#*E$9+ +132E$9+ 01**E$## 9 $
$*10
$21,
$01,
%1,9E$9+ 21,9E$9+ *193E$#9 9 $
$*1*
#199E$93 #999999
$0
$319
$019
*#0%%2120 31,
*1#0E$98 0
81,%E$9, 819,E$9+ #1#3E$98 9 $
$*1#
$31,
$,1,
*1%%E$9, 8103E$9+ *183E$98 9 $
$*19
#199E$98 #99999 $, *1#0E$#9 *#0%%1220 $+1,
$819 $81,
$,19 $+1,
0
#919
#199E$#9 #9999
$+
$#919
$+19
*#0%1%220 #91,
*1#0E$## 0
#19+E$9, 8189E$9+ #1%8E$93 9 *1*%E$90 8182E$9+ +1#9E$93 $
$*19
$#91,
$*1,
$*19 $*19
#199E$## #999
$*
$##19
$*19
*#01%%220 ##1,
*1#0E$#% 0
21*32,#20
9 $
3 $
,183EB9
01330,088
#19,E$90 8188E$9+ #1*9E$92 9 $
$*19
*1**E$92 8188E$9+ +1##E$92 9 $ #19,E$92 8188E$9+ #1*9E$90 9 $
$##1,
$%1,
*1*#E$93 8180E$9+ +198E$90 9 $
$*19
#199E$#% #99
%$$#%19
$%19
*#10%%220 #%1,
*1#0E$#* 0
#19+E$93 8132E$9+ #1%3E$9, 9 $
$*19
$#%1,
$#1,
*1%9E$98 810#E$9+ *18,E$9, 9 $
$*19
#199E$#* #9 $# *1#0E$#+ *1#0%%220 $91,
$#*19 $#*1,
$#19 $91,
81*%E$#9 313,E$9+ #1#,E$9+ 9 %1*0E$#9 2198E$9+ %18#E$9+ $
, $ +138#0290
$*19
# $ +1+9*,,++
$*19
819*EB9 #*19 #*1,
% $ ,1*323,%2
31,9EB9 $#1,
* $ ,1330000,
2183EB9 #%19
, $ 01*30*280
21+3EB9 $%1,
0 $
,1+3EB9
0183EB9 ##19
31+99%28+ $ 213890983
01+3EB9 $*1,
, $
+183EB9 819 81,
# $ 318%8,%%3
+1+8EB9 $,1,
2 $ 81,#93+,9
+19%EB9 319
, $ #91#83*02
*109EB9 $01,
% $ ##19%%+#,
*1%8EB9 219
log>-$%@ $
8 $
$*1# $*1#
*18*8#*,, $
0
#919
#199E$#9 #9999
$+
$#919
$+19
*#0%1%220 #91,
*1#0E$## 0
,1+3EB9
21*32,#20
9 $
3 $
,183EB9
01330,088
#19,E$90 8188E$9+ #1*9E$92 9 $
$*19
01+3EB9 $*1,
$#91,
$*1,
*1**E$92 8188E$9+ +1##E$92 9 $
01*30*280 $*19
0183EB9 ##19
#199E$## #999
$*
$##19
$*19
*#01%%220 ##1,
*1#0E$#% 0
#19,E$92 8188E$9+ #1*9E$90 9 $
$##1,
$%1,
*1*#E$93 8180E$9+ +198E$90 9 $
$*19
#199E$#% #99
%$$#%19
$%19
*#10%%220 #%1,
*1#0E$#* 0
#19+E$93 8132E$9+ #1%3E$9, 9 $
$*19
$#%1,
$#1,
*1%9E$98 810#E$9+ *18,E$9, 9 $
$*19
#199E$#* #9 $# *1#0E$#+ *1#0%%220 $91,
$#*19 $#*1,
$#19 $91,
0
#+19
#199E$#+ #
9
$#+19
919
81*%E$#9 313,E$9+ #1#,E$9+ 9 %1*0E$#9 2198E$9+ %18#E$9+ $
# $ +1+9*,,++
$*19
819*EB9 #*19 #*1,
, $ +138#0290
31,9EB9 $#1,
% $ ,1*323,%2
2183EB9 #%19
* $ ,1330000,
21+3EB9 $%1,
, $
8 $
$*1# $*1#
*18*8#*,, $
810*EB9
*1,*,0#**
9 $
+
#19*EB9
$
+1,3E$## +1*,E$9+ ,10,E$9+ #
$*1+
*1%+223+,
0
#+19
#199E$#+ #
9
$#+19
919
810*EB9
*1,*,0#**
9 $
+
#19*EB9
$
+1,3E$## +1*,E$9+ ,10,E$9+ #
$*1+
GRAFICA 0.*2, Logarimo C 43 /PH1
DIAGRAMA LOGARITMO DE CONCENTRACION H*S
*1%+223+,
GRAFICA 0.*2, Logarimo C 43 /PH1
DIAGRAMA LOGARITMO DE CONCENTRACION H*S
log(H)
log(7H)
log(H%-)
