X DV D V O O K K DL D L D D N N O O C & / / K K ] ]P P P [ [ D D 0 : : 0 ) )0: 0 : ; 0 XDVOKDLDNOC & / K] [D 0: :: :0 0) 0 :: : :; ; / XXMIC[ MIC[ 33 yy 00%%
OOexpdh}k exp dh}kk oûe cc llc c XXdvokdldnéc% dvokddldnéc% ldnéc% K dekmzxd{ xxdvokdlûnokd{% dvokdlûnokd{%% kkkoûe Xdvok Kdekmzxd{ xdvokdlûnokd{ K {m{ hm exdvokckodem{% lcc{m{ hm ooexdvokckodem{% Kllc
Lc Xdvokdldnéc m{ lc komekoc s}m m{x}hoc lc{ {}{xcekoc{ s}éiokc{ y ld{ gmeûimed{ gé{okd{, xcexd ecx}pclm{ kdid cpxogokoclm{, kczckm{ hm zpdh}kop mgmkxd{ chwmp{d{ {d`pm ld{ {mpm{ wowd{% ]e xûvokd m{ k}cls}omp cnmexm gé{okd d s}éiokd kczcr hm zpdh}kop }e mgmkxd chwmp{d zcpc lc {cl}h% Xdhd{ ld{ cnmexm{ gé{okd{ d s}éiokd{ {de xûvokd{ zdxmekoclm{, yc s}m {} ckkoûe hmzmehm hm lc hd{o{ oenmpohc, hm lc{ kopk}e{xcekoc{ oehowoh}clm{ y hml imhod ci`omexm% Lc ckkoûe zpdh}kohc zdp }e cnmexm xûvokd {d`pm }e hmxmp) ioechd dpnceo{id {m hmedioec oexdvokckoûe, ld k}cl {m xpch}km me }ec clxmpckoûe hml m{xchd go{odzcxdlûno) kd d hm lc {cl}h hml zpdzod dpnceo{id% Hokfd hm dxpd idhd, }ec oexdvokckoûe m{ }e zpdkm{d zcxdlûnokd kde {oned{ y {éexdic{ kléeokd{ s}m womem kc}{chd zdp }ec {}{xcekoc xûvokc s}m z}mhm {mp hm dponme mehûnmed û mvûnmed% ]e vmed`oûxokd m{ k}cls}omp {}{xcekoc s}m oexmpckxòc kde }e dpnceo{id y s}m ed kdppm{zdehm c eoen}ed hm {}{ kdizdemexm{ ecx}pclm{% ]ec xdvoec m{ k}cls}omp {}{xcekoc xûvokc zpdh}kohc zdp }e dpnc) eo{id wowd, `ome {mc }ec zlcexc, }e iokpd`od, }e ceoicl, mxk% Ml xïpioed oexdvokckoûe m{ {oeûeoid hm megmpimhch, y z}mhm {mp klc{ogokchd hm hogmpmexm{ icempc{2 c/ [mnòe ml npchd hm cgmkxckoûe% cgmkxcko ûe% † Oexdvokckoûe lmwm% K}chpd kléeokd zcxdlûnokd hm kde{mk}mekoc{ pmwmp{o`lm{ y ed npcwm{% † Oexdvokckoûe idhmpchc% K}chpd kléeokd zcxdlûnokd hm kde{mk}mekoc{ imhocecimexm npcwm{, c}es}m ed idpxclm{% † Oexdvokckoûe {mwmpc% K}chpd kléeokd zcxdlûnokd hm kde{mk}mekoc{ npcwm{, me dkc{odem{ idpxclm{% `/ [mnòe ml npchd hm mwdl}koûe% † Cn}hc% Kde{o{xm me lc czcpokoûe hm }e k}chpd kléeokd zcxdlûnokd, c wmkm{ hpciãxokd, xpc{ lc c`{dpkoûe hm }e xûvokd% Ml kc{d iã{ pmzpm{mexcxowd m{ lc zpm{mexckoûe hm ld{ gmeûimed{ xûvokd{ cexm{ hm lc{ 08 fdpc{ hm }ec òeokc chioeo{xpckoûe hml cnmexm% Lc mwdl}koûe z}mhm llmwcp c lc i}mpxm, d c }ec pmk}zmpckoûe xdxcl d zcpkocl, me lc k}cl s}mhcpéce {mk}mlc{ d lm{odem{ zmp{o{xmexm{% † [}`cn}hc% [oneogokc }e imedp npchd hm npcwmhch d czcpcxd{ohch hm lc oexdvokckoûe cn}hc, s}m c wmkm{ {o) n}m }e k}p{d {}`kléeokd, {oe s}m {m zpm{mexm hm gdpic czcpmexm y klcpc, c}es}m zpdh}rkc xpc{) xdped{ c ho{xoexd{ eowmlm{ `odlûnokd{% † [}`kpûeokc% M{ }ec oexdvokckoûe hm`ohc c lc c`{dpkoûe hm zms}móc{ hd{o{ hm xûvokd h}pcexm }e kdpxd zmpédhd hm héc{% † Kpûeokc% M{ lc kde{mk}mexm kde lc pmzmxohc c`{dpkoûe hm }e xûvokd% C wmkm{ m{xc c`{dpkoûe {m zpdh}km zdp kcexohchm{ zdp {é io{ic{ oe{}gokomexm{ zcpc fckmp zcxmexm{ xpc{xdped{ xûvokd{, zmpd s}m zdp ck}i}lckoûe hml zpdh}kxd hmexpd hml dpnceo{id, edpiclimexm me ûpnced{ d xmbohd{ kdekpmxd{, d zdp {}ic hm mgmkxd{ lm{owd{, kde ml xpce{k}p{d hml xomizd, llmwc c m{xchd{ zcxdlûnokd{% zcxdlûnokd{% † Pmkohowcexm% M{ }e xozd m{zmkocl hm oexdvokckoûe k}yd k}chpd zcxdlûnokd pmczcpmkm hm{z}ï{ hm }e hmxmpioec) hd zmpédhd hm {cl}h% ]ec mvzd{okoûe m{ lc {ox}ckoûe me lc k}cl }ec {}{xcekoc z}mhm oekohop, zdp k}cls}omp wéc, {d`pm }ec zd`lc) koûe, dpnceo{id, ûpnced, xmbohd d kïl}lc hocec, me k}cls}omp kdekmexpckoûe, kcexohch d oexme{ohch hm }e hm) xmpioechd cnmexm gé{okd, s}éiokd d `odlûnokd% [m mvzpm{c me xïpioed{ k}cexoxcxowd{ hm kdekmexpckoûe, h}pc) koûe d gpmk}mekoc% C eowml zd`lckodecl, {m hmgoem kdid zmlonpd c lc zd{o`olohch hm s}m }e cnmexm xûvokd zpd) h}rkc mgmkxd{ hcóoed{ c kc}{c hm {}{ zpdzomhchm{, hm lc{ kopk}e{xcekoc{ y npchd hm mvzd{okoûe% Zdp dxpc zcpxm }e pom{nd m{ lc zpd`c`olohch hm s}m {m zpdh}rkce mgmkxd{ chwmp{d{ d hcód{ me }e oehowoh}d kdekpmxd zdp mvzd{okoûe c }e cnmexm xûvokd c kc}{c hm {}{ zpdzomhchm{ oefmpmexm{, hm lc{ kopk}e{xcekoc{ y npchd hm mvzd{okoûe &me m{xm {mexohd, xdhd{ ld{ xûvokd{ xmehpãe ml io{id zmlonpd zcpc }e kdlmkxowd, zmpd kchc oehowo) h}d kdppm }e pom{nd hogmpmexm/%
)3)
Xdvokohch% Lc xdvokohch m{ lc kczckohch s}m xomem }e xûvokd hm zpdh}kop }e mgmkxd chwmp{d {d`pm ml dpnceo{id% Lc xdvo) kohch m{ }ec k}clohch c lc wmr oexpée{mkc y pmlcxowc c xdhc{ lc{ {}{xcekoc{ s}m hmzmehme hm ld{ oehowoh}d{, hm ld{ kdiz}m{xd{ y hm lc{ {}{xcekoc{ hm lc mvzd{okoûe% Lc wcpoc`olohch me k}cexd c lc xdvokohch m{ cxpo`}o`lm, me icydp imhohc, c ld{ zpdzod{ xûvokd{ iã{ s}m c ld{ oehowoh}d{, y hmzmehm hm {} zdlcpohch y gdpic &kcpckxmpé{xokc{ s}éiokc{/% Ld{ kdiz}m{xd{ i}y zdlcpm{ me) xpce me ml dpnceo{id y {m mloioece gãkolimexm, me kci`od, k}cexd iã{ lozd{dl}`lm{ {de, z}mhme zlcexmcp iã{ zpd`lmic{ xdvokdlûnokd{% [mnòe ml l}ncp hm ckkoûe lc xdvokohch z}mhm {mp2 † Ldkcl &d “zdp kdexckxd’/% Ml hcód {m zpdh}km nmempclimexm nmempclimexm zdp kdexckxd hopmkxd kde lc zoml, i}kd{c{ d wéc{ pm{zopcxdpoc{% Me m{xm kc{d, ld{ cnmexm{ xûvokd{ {de {}{xcekoc{ i}y cnpm{owc{ &ãkohd{, ãlkclo{, mxk%/ kczckm{ hm zpdh}kop kdeb}exowoxo{, hmpicxoxo{, s}mich}pc{ s}éiokc{, chmiã{ hm pmckkodem{ clïpnokc{ m oekl}{d kãekmp% † [o{xïiokc &d “c ho{xcekoc’/% Ml hcód czcpmkm ho{xcexm m oehmzmehomexm hml l}ncp hdehm oenpm{c ml gãpickd% † Iovxc% Me m{xm kc{d fcy hcód ldkcl y {o{xïiokd% Lc xdvokohch hmzmehm xcexd hm lc wéc zdp lc k}cl oenpm{c ml gãpickd, kdid hm lc hd{o{ chioeo{xpchc, mexpm dxpc{ kd{c{% [mnòe lc h}pckoûe hm ld{ mgmkxd{ zdhmid{ fc`lcp hm }ec xdvokohch2 † Zmp{o{xmexm% [m zpdh}km k}cehd lc xdvokohch {m icexomem me ml dpnceo{id, c}e oekl}{d k}cehd ml cnmexm xûvokd ed m{xã zpm{mexm% M{xm fmkfd pm{}lxc fc`ox}cl me ld{ m{xchd{ kcekmpd{d{% kcekmpd{d{% † Xpce{oxdpoc% [m zpdh}km k}cehd ml hcód {m iceogom{xc iomexpc{ ml xûvokd m{xã zpm{mexm me ml dpnceo{id% M{xm kc{d m{ fc`ox}cl xpc{ lc chioeo{xpckoûe hm e}impd{d{ gãpickd{, kdid ml ãkohd ckmxol{clokélokd d ml zcpckmxcidl% † Ck}i}lcxowc% [m zpdh}km k}cehd ml kdexckxd pmzmxohd kde ml xûvokd oekpmimexc zpdnpm{owcimexm ml hcód d lm) {oûe% M{xm kc{d {}mlm czcpmkmp xpc{ kdexckxd hopmkxd kde cnmexm{ oppoxcexm{% † Lcxmexm% [m zpdh}km k}cehd ld{ mgmkxd{ czcpmkme {micec{ d im{m{ hm{z}ï{ hm s}m fcyc fc`ohd zm) s}móc{ hd{o{ pmzmxohc{% M{xm fmkfd pm{}lxc zpd`c`lm me xpcxciomexd{ zpdldenchd{ kde gãpickd{ cexozcpaoe{deoced{%
XXMIC MIC ;;%% P mlckodem{ hhd d{{o{ o{ mmgmkxd g mkxd yy hhd{o{ d{o{ p pm{z}m{xc% m{z}m{xc% Pmlckodem{ hd{o{ GGckxdpm{ ckxdp m{ hhm m {{mn}pohch% mn}p ohch% ]e gãpickd m{ }ec {}{xcekoc s}éiokc z}pc d }e zpdh}kxd ecx}pcl s}m {m }{c zcpc zpmwmeop, oewm{xoncp d xpcxcp megmpimhchm{, d zcpc idhogokcp }ec g}ekoûe go{odlûnokc% Xdhd{ ld{ gãpickd{ pmzpm{mexce }e zmlonpd, yc s}m zdxmekoclimexm z}mhme kc}{cp hcód, me g}ekoûe hm lc hd{o{ oenmpohc, hm lc{ kopk}e{xcekoc{ oehowoh}clm{ y hml imhod ci`omexm% Lc zpd`c`olohch hm s}m }e gãpickd kc}{m }e mgmkxd m{zmkégokd me }ec{ kopk}e{xcekoc{ hmxmpioechc{ m{ ml pom{nd hm s}m llmn}m c zpdh}kop m{m hcód% ]e imhokcimexd m{ }e gãpickd d imrklc hm mlld{ kdi`oechd{ kde dxpc{ {}{xcekoc{ s}m ld{ fckme m{xc`lm{, ckmzxc`lm{ cl zclchcp, y òxolm{ me xmpczï}xo) kc% Ed fcy s}m dlwohcp s}m gdpicehd zcpxm hml imhokcimexd m{xãe ld{ mvkozomexm{ y dxpc{ {}{xcekoc{ s}m z}mhme xci`oïe pm{}lxcp xûvokc{% C eowml gcpickdxmpczï}xokd, {m hmgoem kdid mgmkxd lc iceogm{xckoûe hm lc ckkoûe hm }e gãpickd s}m idhogokc clnòe imkceo{id `ods}éiokd d g}ekoûe `odlûnokc% ]e mgmkxd chwmp{d fckm pmgmpmekoc c }e kci`od me lc idpgdldnéc, go{odldnéc, hm{cppdlld, kpmkoiomexd d xomizd hm wohc hm }e hmxmpioechd dpnceo{id xpc{ lc mvzd{o) koûe c }e cnmexm xûvokd, kde cgmkxckoûe hm {} kczckohch g}ekodecl g}ekodecl d hm lc fdimd{xc{o{% Ml mgmkxd hm }e xûvo) x ûvo) kd hmzmehm hm lc hd{o{ y hm lc oegl}mekoc hm lc mvzd{okoûe% Hm`m mvo{xop }e pcend hm hd{o{ hm{hm cs}mllc s}m ed zpdh}km eoenòe mgmkxd d`{mpwc`lm fc{xc cs}mllc s}m zpdh}km ml mgmkxd iãvoid, kde lc mvkmzkoûe hm kcp) koeûnmed{ y clmpnmed{%
)0)
Mgmkxd{ ed hm{mchd{ hm ld{ gãpickd{% [d`pmhd{ogokckoûe% Hd{ogokckoûe mvcnmpchc hm }e hmxmpioechd gãpickd, s}m z}mhm {mp wdl}excpoc d `ome z}mhm czcpm) kmp zdp }e mppdp hm xpcxciomexd% Oexmpckkodem{% Ckkoûe kdeb}exc mexpm hd{ d iã{ gãpickd{, mexpm cloimexd{ y gãpickd{, mxk%, kczcr hm dponoecp pmck) kodem{ me cln}ed{ kc{d{ ed hm{mchc{% Mgmkxd{ kdlcxmpclm{% Ckkodem{ oehopmkxc{, dkc{odeclimexm edkowc{, s}m {m zpdh}kme zdps}m ld{ gãpickd{ ckxòce {d`pm ho{xoexd{ xozd{ hm pmkmzxdpm{ me ml dpnceo{id% dpnceo{id% % Mgmkxd{ {mk}ehcpod{ Ckkodem{ s}m hmpowce hm ld{ mgmkxd{ zpoicpod{ hm ld{ gãpickd{, me dkc{odem{ edkowc{% Mgmkxd{ chwmp{d{% Ckkodem{ hm ld{ gãpickd{ s}m oekl}yme ld{ mgmkxd{ kdlcxmpclm{ y ld{ {mk}ehcpod{, chmiã{ hm dxpd{ s}m {m dponoece zdp kc}{c{ nmeïxokc{, imkceo{id{ oei}eoxcpod{, mxk%, s}m hm gdpic nmeïpokc pm{}l) xce edkowc{ zcpc ml dpnceo{id% Pmlckoûe hd{o{)mgmkxd y hd{o{)pm{z}m{xc% Edpiclimexm {m }xolorce kdid {oeûeoid{ ld{ xïpioed{ mgmkxd y pm{z}m{xc, zmpd ckx}climexm {m zpmxmehm pm{mpwcp m{xm òlxoid zcpc hm{onecp ml zdpkmexcbm hm zd`lckoûe me s}m {m iceogom{xc }e io{id mgmkxd% Ml mgmkxd wc oehmgmkxo`lmimexm lonchd c hd{ wcpoc`lm{2 hd{o{ y xomizd, c}es}m kde gpmk}mekoc {m kde{ohmpc {ûld ml `oediod hd{o{)mgmkxd% Lc pmlckoûe hd{o{)mgmkxd {m pmgompm c cs}mllc hd{o{ c lc s}m {m d`{mpwc }e mgmkxd me }e oehowoh}d co{lchd &}e ûpnced, }ec kïl}lc, mxk%/% Zdp dxpc zcpxm, lc pmlckoûe hd{o{)pm{z}m{xc {m pmgompm cl zdpkmexcbm hm zd`lc) koûe s}m iceogom{xc }e io{id mgmkxd, kdid yc s}mhc hokfd% Lc pmlckoûe hd{o{)mgmkxd z}mhm {mp hm hd{ xozd{2 c/ K}ãexokc% Pm{zdehm c lc “lmy hml xdhd d echc’, m{ hmkop, cexm }ec hd{o{ ml oehowoh}d zpm{mexc ml iãvoid mgmkxd zd{o`lm d ed mvzmpoimexc echc% ]e klcpd mbmizld hm m{xd {mpéc lc czcpokoûe hm }e x}idp% M{xm kc{d m{ pchokcl, d ml x}idp czcpmkm d ed ld fckm, zmpd e}ekc czcpmkm {dld }ec zcpxm hml x}idp &ed fcy xïpioed imhod/% Me m{xd{ kc{d{ lc pmzpm{mexckoûe npãgokc ed pm{}lxc zd{o`lm% `/ Npch}cl% Kde{ohmpc s}m ml mgmkxd m{ g}ekoûe hm lc hd{o{% Lc pmzpm{mexckoûe npãgokc hm m{xc pmlckoûe {m czpdvoic &zdps}m nmempclimexm m{ }ec e}`m hm z}exd{/ c }ec fozïp`dlc s}m i}m{xpc kdid cl c}imexcp lc hd{o{ {m oekpmimexc ml mgmkxd, fc{xc llmncp c }e z}exd me s}m {m clkcerc }e mgmkxd iãvoid &hd{o{ iãvoic, Hi/, y lc k}pwc {m fckm c{oexûxokc% Me dkc{odem{ lc kdppmlckoûe gl}kxòc y npãgokcimexm m{ }ec k}pwc {onidohm% K}cehd {m pmzpm{mexc ml mgmkxd gpmexm cl ldncpoxid hm lc hd{o{ {m d`xomem }ec pmkxc% Hm gdpic nmempcl, lc pmzpm{mexckoûe npãgokc hm lc hd{o{ gpmexm cl mgmkxd z}mhm {mn}op }ec gdpic fozmp`û) lokc &pmzpm{mexckoûe ohmcl/ d }ec gdpic {onidohmc &pmzpm{mexckoûe }{}cl/, s}m {m hc iã{ gpmk}mexmimexm me lc zpãkxokc% Zcpc kclk}lcp lc pmlckoûe hd{o{)mgmkxd kdewomem pmkdnmp hcxd{ hm i}kfd{ oehowoh}d{ &hm k}ce) xd{ iã{ imbdp/, y, kdid dk}ppm s}m zcpc }ec io{ic hd{o{, me }ec zd`lckoûe hchc, ed xdhd{ ld{ oehowoh}d{ mvzmpoimexce ohïexokd mgmkxd, hmedioecid{ pm{z}m{xc c lc zpdzdpkoûe &-/ hm m{c zd`lckoûe s}m iceogom{xc ml mgmkxd pms}mpohd% Hm cs}é zdhmid{ d`xmemp lc{ k}pwc{ hd{o{)pm{z}m{xc, s}m k}izlme lc llcichc “lmy `odlûnokc hm ho{xpo`}koûe cl crcp’% Kdid me }ec zd`lckoûe {omizpm fcy mlmimexd{ iã{ {me{o`lm{ y dxpd{ iã{ pm{o{xmexm{, cl pmzpm{mexcp ml eòimpd hm oehowoh}d{ s}m i}m{xpce }e io{id mgmkxd gpmexm c }ec io{ic hd{o{, {m xomem }ec k}pwc hm Nc}{{, {oiïxpokc d ed% Hchd s}m c }ec kompxc hd{o{ ml eòimpd hm oehowoh}d{ cgmkxchd{ m{ on}cl c lc {}ic d ck}i}lckoûe hm xdhd{ cs}mlld{ s}m {m cgmkxce zdp hd{o{ imedpm{ c lc chioeo{xpchc, zdhmid{ d`{mpwcp xci`oïe lc k}pwc hm gpm) k}mekoc{ d hm pm{z}m{xc{ ck}i}lchc{, s}m m{ }ec léemc {onidohm, xpce{gdpic`lm me }ec pmkxc me pmzpm) {mexckoûe {mioldncpéxiokc &pm{z}m{xc gpmexm c ldncpoxid hm lc hd{o{/% Hm xdhc{ m{xc{ k}pwc{ {m z}mhm mvxpczdlcp lc pm{z}m{xc s}m zpdh}kopã }ec hd{o{% Dxpc gdpic hm kde{ohmpcp lc pm{z}m{xc m{ m{xoicehd lc zpd`c`olohch hm s}m {m zpdh}rkc% Zcpc mlld {m }xolorce ld{ hmedioechd{ zpd) `ox{, s}m {de }eohchm{ hm zpd`c`olohch, s}m {m kdppm{zdehme c lc{ hm{wockodem{ &[/ kde pm{zmkxd c lc im) hoc% C lc hd{o{ imhoc &HL=:/ &[9:/, fcy ml =:- hm pm{z}m{xc kde wcldp hm = zpd`ox{% Lc xpce{gdpickoûe hm Zpd`ox {m `c{c me cxpo`}op c lc hm{wockoûe hm lc hd{o{ m{xãehcp, k}cehd m{xc hd{o{ m{ kmpd, ml wcldp hm koekd &wcldp hm Zpd`ox/% Zpãkxokcimexm m{ fcllcp [ y {}icplm ml wcldp hm Zpd`ox, {omehd [ lc hm{wockoûe m{xãehcp%
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XXMIC MIC 88%% GGc c{ m{ hhm m llc c cckkoûe kkoûe xxûvokc% ûvokc% C `{dp koûe hhm m lld{ d{ xxûvokd{ ûvokd{% c{{m{ {% C`{dpkoûe Ml xpãe{oxd zdp ml dpnceo{id hm }e zpdh}kxd kczcr hm zpdh}kop oexdvokckodem{ {o{xïiokc{ oekl}ym lc kdekcxm) eckoûe hm }ec {mpom hm {}km{d{, g}ehcimexclimexm2 c`{dpkoûe, ho{xpo`}koûe, gobckoûe y mvkpmkoûe, c ld lcpnd hm ld{ k}clm{, lc idlïk}lc xûvokc mvzmpoimexc xdhc }ec {mpom hm xpce{gdpickodem{ `ods}éiokc{% Xdhd m{xm kokld {m m{x}hoc `cbd ml edi`pm hm Xdvokdkoeïxokc% Lc c`{dpkoûe hm }e xûvokd kde{o{xm me ml zc{d hm }e vmed`oûxokd hm{hm ml mvxmpodp hml dpnceo{id c ld{ gl}ohd{ `odlûnokd{, zpoekozclimexm c lc {cenpm1 zcpc mlld, ml zpdh}kxd me ho{dl}koûe fc hm cxpcwm{cp }ec {mpom hm imi`pcec{ `odlûnokc{ c zcpxop hm lc{ wéc{ hm c`{dpkoûe s}m loioxce kde ml imhod mvxmped% Mvo{xme ho{xoexc{ wéc{ hm oenpm{d hm gãpickd{ me ml dpnceo{id s}m, dphmechc{ hm icydp c imedp pczohmr hm ho{xpo`}koûe {de2 † Wéc oexpcwc{k}lcp &mexpchc hopmkxc cl xdppmexm {cen}éemd1 me m{xm kc{d, lc c`{dpkoûe hm lc{ {}{) xcekoc{ m{ oe{xcexãemc/% oe{xcexãemc/% † Wéc oefclcxdpoc &mexpchc hopmkxc c xpcwï{ hm ld{ clwmdld{ z}lidecpm{1 me m{xm kc{d, ml mzoxmlod hm ld{ clwmdld{ m{ xce goed s}m lc c`{dpkoûe xci`oïe {m zpdh}km hm gdpic oe{xcexãemc/% † Wéc i}kd{c &mexpchc c xpcwï{ hml xmbohd zcpmes}oicxd{d zcpmes}oicxd{d {}`loen}cl, wcnoecl, ec{cl } dk}lcp/% † Wéc oexpczmpoxdemcl &mexpchc c xpcwï{ hml zmpoxdemd/% † Wéc pmkxcl &mexpchc c xpcwï{ hml pmkxd/% † Wéc {}`k}xãemc &mexpchc c xpcwï{ hml xmbohd {}`k}xãemd/% † Wéc oexpci}{k}lcp &mexpchc c xpcwï{ hml xmbohd i}{k}lcp/% † Wéc dpcl &mexpchc hopmkxc cl czcpcxd honm{xowd/% † Wéc zmpk}xãemc &mexpchc c xpcwï{ hm lc{ kczc{ mvxmpec{ hm lc zoml/% [m {c`m s}m lc{ kïl}lc{ zd{mme }ec imi`pcec {miozmpimc`lm, kde{xox}ohc zdp hd{ kczc{ hm idlïk}lc{ lozéhokc{, hdehm lc{ zcpxék}lc{ zpdxmokc{ m{xãe oekp}{xchc{ gdpicehd zdpd{ fohpûgold{ s}m zmpioxme ml zc{d hm ho{dl}kodem{ ck}d{c{% Lc{ hd{ kczc{ npc{c{, kde{xox}ohc{ zdp gd{gdlézohd{, {de zcpclmlc{, {}zmpz}m{xc{, y {}{ idlïk}lc{ m{xãe dpomexchc{ pchoclimexm% M{xc m{xp}kx}pc hc c lc imi`pcec }e icpkchd kcpãkxmp lozûgold, zdp ld s}m m{ cxpcwm{chc zmpgmkxcimexm zdp lc{ {}{xcekoc{ lozd{dl}`lm{ kde kcpckxmpé{xokc{ czdlcpm{ &idlï) k}lc{ ed odeorchc{/% Zdp ml kdexpcpod, lc g}mpxm kcpnc mlïkxpokc hm lc imi`pcec oizohm ml zc{d c {} xpcwï{ hm {}{xcekoc{ zdlcpm{ &idlïk}lc{ odeorchc{/% Me kde{mk}mekoc, ld{ xûvokd{ s}m imbdp cxpcwom{ce lc{ `cppmpc{ `odlûnokc{ {de lc{ idlïk}lc{ lozd{dl}`lm{ ed odeorchc{%
)8)
M{ oizdpxcexm pmkdphcp s}m lc{ {}{xcekoc{ z}mhme cxpcwm{cp lc{ `cppmpc{ `odlûnokc{ zdp xpm{ imkceo{id{2 Golxpckoûe% d [m zpdh}km zdp ml zc{d hopmkxd hm }ec {}{xcekoc c xpcwï{ hm ld{ zdpd{ hm }ec imi`pcec, fmkfd s}m z}mhm czcpmkmp kdid kde{mk}mekoc hm }e npchomexm hm kdekmexpckodem{ } d`lonchd zdp lc zpm) {oûe% Lc kdehokoûe s}m loioxc lc golxpckoûe m{ ml xcicód hm lc zcpxék}lc, s}m hm`m {mp oegmpodp cl zdpd hm lc imi`pcec% Hog}{oûe zc{owc% d [m zpdh}km kdid kde{mk}mekoc hm }ec ho{dl}koûe me ld{ kde{xox}ymexm{ npc{d{ hm }ec imi`pcec, hcehd l}ncp c }e xpc{wc{m zc{owd hml zpdh}kxd hm }e lchd fckoc ml dxpd, oiz}l{chd xci`oïe zdp lc ho) gmpmekoc hm kdekmexpckodem{% kdekmexpckodem{% Xpce{zdpxm gckoloxchd y xpce{zdpxm ckxowd% d [m zpdh}km zdp ml kdek}p{d hm }ec idlïk}lc xpce{zdpxchdpc s}m, }eoïehd{m c lc {}{xcekoc, lc fckm zc{cp c xpcwï{ hm }ec imi`pcec% [o `ome ld{ imkceo{id{ hm golxpckoûe y hm hog}{oûe {de zc{owd{ y ed kde{}ime mempnéc, ml xpce{zdpxm ckxowd {o lc mvonm, iomexpc{ s}m ml xpce{zdpxm gckoloxchd {m zpdh}) km {oe kde{}id mempnïxokd% Zdp dxpc zcpxm, ml xpce{zdpxm gckoloxchd {m zpdh}km c gcwdp hm }e npchome) xm hm kdekmexpckoûe, iomexpc{ s}m ml ckxowd {m z}mhm zpdh}kop me kdexpc% [oizlogokcehd }e xcexd, zdhpéc hmkop{m s}m ml imkceo{id iã{ oizdpxcexm, hm{hm ml z}exd hm wo{xc xdvokdlûno) kd, zcpc ld{ zpdkm{d{ hm c`{dpkoûe, ho{xpo`}koûe ho{xpo`}koûe y gobckoûe hm ld{ xûvokd{ m{ ml hm hog}{oûe, iomexpc{ s}m zcpc lc mvkpmkoûe zdp wéc pmecl &imhod ck}d{d/ m{ lc golxpckoûe hm lc{ idlïk}lc{ fohpd{dl}`lm{ y me zlced {mk}ehc) pod m{xãe lc hog}{oûe y ml xpce{zdpxm ckxowd% Dxpc{ gdpic hm zc{d &c`{dpkoûe/ c xpcwï{ hm lc imi`pcec {de lc gcndkoxd{o{ y lc zoedkoxd{o{% Lc gcndkoxd) {o{ m{ }e zpdkm{d imhocexm ml k}cl }ec kïl}lc gcndkéxokc, g}ehcimexclimexm, }e em}xpûgold d }e ickpûgcnd, menld`c }ec zcpxék}lc {ûlohc y lc hm{xp}ym zdp imkceo{id{ mehûnmed{% Zdp òlxoid, lc zoedkoxd{o{ m{ }e im) kceo{id s}m czcpmkm zdp }ec oewcnoeckoûe hm lc imi`pcec, imhocexm lc k}cl {m oexpdh}km }ec idlïk}lc ho{z}m{xc {d`pm }e lés}ohd mvxmped cl oexmpodp kml}lcp y zd{xmpodpimexm {m hm{xp}ym d {m imxc`dlorc1 m{xm fmkfd {m zpdh}km {d`pm xdhd me ld{ z}lidem{% Lc kdekmexpckoûe pmlcxowc hm lc{ gdpic{ odeorchc{ y ed odeorchc{ hm }ec {}{xcekoc me ho{dl}koûe womem hchc zdp lc{ mk}ckodem{ hm Fmehmp{de)Fc{{ml`ckf% † Zcpc }e ãkohd hï`ol2 Qed ∐ odeorchd Y ldn 9 zA c ∐ zF ↛ F ← ↓ ed)odeorchd odeorchd † Zcpc }ec `c{m hï`ol2 Qed ∐ odeorchd Y ldn 9 zF ∐ zA c ↓ F ← ↓ ed)odeorchd odeorchd Kde{mk}mexmimexm, }e ãkohd hï`ol s}m m{xã zdkd odeorchd me imhod ãkohd, {m hog}ehopã c zcpxop hm }e imhod c zF ãkohd1 zdp ml kdexpcpod, }ec `c{m hï`ol, zdkd odeorchc c zF clkcloed, {mpã iã{ lozd{dl}`lm k}cehd {m mek}mexpm c }e zF clxd% Zdp lc{ io{ic{ pcrdem{, }ec {}{xcekoc ãkohc hï`ol {m kdekmexpcpã me imhod{ ck}d) {d{ em}xpd{ y lc{ {}{xcekoc{ `ã{okc{ me ld{ imhod{ lonmpcimexm ãkohd{% Lc hogmpmekoc hml zF zlc{iãxokd &>%8/ y ml hml b}nd nã{xpokd &3/ d ml hml kdexmeohd oexm{xoecl &=)6/ ponm ml zc{d hm mlmkxpdloxd{ hï`olm{ &ãkohd{ d `c{m{ hï`olm{/ hm{hm ml m{xûicnd d oexm{xoed cl zlc{ic y wokmwmp{c% Me lc zpãkxokc, lc i}kd{c oexm{xoecl m{ oizmpimc`lm c lc{ gdpic{ odeorchc{ hm ãkohd{ d `c{m{ hï`olm{, zmpd ed ld m{ c lc{ gdpic{ ed odeorchc{, s}m cxpcwom{ce lc i}kd{c kde wmldkohch zpdzdpkodecl c {} lozd{dl}`olohch, fc{xc clkcercp }e z}exd hm ms}olo`pod oûeokd, hdehm lc kdekmexpckoûe hm lc {}{xcekoc ed)odeorchc {mpã on}cl me ci`d{ lchd{ hm lc i}kd{c, zmpd lc kcexohch xdxcl hm vmed`oûxokd {mpã icydp me ml lchd hdehm {m mek}me) xpm icydpoxcpocimexm odeorchd% ]e ãkohd dpnãeokd m{xcpã i}y zdkd odeorchd me ml m{xûicnd, zdp ld k}cl {mpã pãzohcimexm c`{dp`ohd, zmpd }e ãkohd g}mpxm, kde }e zA c oegmpodp c 3, ed {mpã `ome c`{dp`ohd hm{hm ml m{xû) icnd% C{oio{id, lc{ `c{m{ hï`olm{ {mpãe c`{dp`ohc{ hï`olimexm% Lc{ `c{m{ g}mpxm{ {m ck}i}lce me ml m{) xûicnd, oekl}{d zc{cehd hm ï{xm c lc {cenpm% Me ml oexm{xoed, cl mvo{xop }e zF kmpkced c lc em}xpclohch, ld{ ãkohd{ {de zd`pmimexm c`{dp`ohd{ iomexpc{ s}m lc{ `c{m{ oekpmimexce {} kczckohch hm c`{dpkoûe% Fcy hd{ kokld{ s}m {m z}mhme hcp me ml xpckxd oexm{xoecl2 kokld mexmpd`}kcl &hm{z}ï{ hm {mp c`{dp`ohd zdp ml xpckxd oexm{xoecl, z}mhm wdlwmp c lc `dkc/ y kokld mexmpdfmzãxokd &clcpnc lc zmpicemekoc me ml dpnceo{id1 cln}ed{ xûvokd{ {m c`{dp`me me ml oexm{xoed zmpd zc{ce c lc wm{ék}lc `olocp y c xpcwï{ hm lc `olo{ w}mlwme dxpc wmr cl oexm{xoed/% Me lc c`{dpkoûe c xpcwï{ hml oexm{xoed, xdhc lc kopk}lckoûe {m xpce{zdpxc cl fénchd, {omehd ï{xc }ec icempc hm zpdxmnmp{m gpmexm c ld{ xûvokd{% Zdp dxpc zcpxm, zdp wéc pmkxcl m{xd ed dk}ppm, ld{ xûvokd{ zc{ce c lc {cenpm {oe zc{cp zdp ml fénchd% Lc c`{dpkoûe zdp lc wéc oefclcxdpoc m{ oe{xcexãemc, yc s}m ml mzoxm) lod z}lidecp m{ mvxpmichcimexm goed y hm cizloc {}zmpgokom, ld s}m lm kdewompxm me }ec hm lc{ rdec{ iã{ mgmkxowc{ zcpc lc c`{dpkoûe &{m c`{dp`me {}{xcekoc{ wdlãxolm{ y hm zms}mód xcicód/%
)=)
XXMIC MIC ==% o{xp o`}koûe, g gobckoûe b obckoûe y mmloi loio eckoûe hhm m lld{ d{ xxûvokd{% ûvokd{% iooeckoûe =%% H Ho{xpo`}koûe, Ho{xpo`}koûe hm ld{ xûvokd{% Lc ho{xpo`}koûe hm }e xûvokd m{ ml zpdkm{d imhocexm ml k}cl }ec hmxmpioechc {}{xcekoc d xûvokd, me ml kc{d s}m ed{ dk}zc, {m mvzcehm c xpcwï{ hml dpnceo{id y {m kdekmexpc me }ec hmxmpioechc rdec d xmbohd, me g}ekoûe hm {}{ zpdzomhchm{ zpdzomhchm{ gé{okd)s}éiokc{% Ld{ xûvokd{ fohpd{dl}`lm{ czcpmkme edpiclimexm ho{}mlxd{ me ml zlc{ic {cen}éemd, iomexpc{ s}m ld{ lozd{d) l}`lm{ {m ho{xpo`}yme }eohd{ c lozdzpdxméec{ d xponlokïpohd{% Ld{ xûvokd{ s}m {de ãkohd{ y `c{m{ hï`olm{ {m ho{xpo`}yme }eohd{ c zpdxméec{ zlc{iãxokc{, m{zmkoclimexm c lc cl`òioec% M{xc{ }eodem{ {de nmempclimexm pmwmp{o`lm{ y zmpioxme s}m {m m{xc`lmrkc }e ms}olo`pod mexpm lc{ gdpic{ lo`pm{ me zlc{ic y lc{ gdpic{ }eohc{ c zpdxméec{ &gdpic{ kdeb}nchc{/% Xci`oïe oegl}ym me ml zc{d c xpcwï{ hm ld{ xmbohd{ ml xûvokd me {é, hm icem) pc s}m lc{ gdpic{ odeorchc{ ed cxpcwm{cpãe lc{ imi`pcec{ iomexpc{ s}m lc{ gdpic{ idlmk}lcpm{ {o ld fcpãe% Zdp dxpc zcpxm, lc }eoûe c lc{ zpdxméec{ m{ kcpckxmpé{xokc hm kchc m{zmkom1 ld{ gãpickd{ ãkohd{ {m }eme zpm) gmpo`lmimexm c lc cl`òioec, iomexpc{ s}m ld{ `ã{okd{ {m }eme edpiclimexm c lc γ)lozdzpdxméec ãkohc, lc k}cl zpm{mexc }ec icydp wcpoc`olohch mexpm oehowoh}d{ s}m lc cl`òioec% Me {ox}ckodem{ zcxdlûnokc{ {m idhogokce m{xc{ zpdzdpkodem{% Ld{ xûvokd{ me ml dpnceo{id {m ho{xpo`}yme me hogmpmexm{ kdizcpxoimexd{ me g}ekoûe hm {}{ kcpckxmpé{xokc{ &ml wdl}ime hm gl}ohd{ kdpzdpclm{, s}m kde{xox}ym ml 7:- m{xã pmzcpxohd hm lc {on}omexm icempc2 ; loxpd{ hm {cenpm y 3:)3; loxpd{ hm wdl}ime mvxpckml}lcp/% Me ml zlc{ic {m ho{xpo`}opãe lc{ idlïk}lc{ npcehm{ m fohpd{dl}`lm{1 me ml wdl}ime mvxpckml}lcp xmehpmid{ idlïk}lc{ fohpdgélokc{ hm zms}mód xcicód, iomexpc{ s}m me ml wdl}ime oexpckml}lcp {m ho{xpo`}opãe lc{ idlïk}lc{ lozûgolc{% Kdid ckc`cid{ hm wmp, lc ho{xpo`}koûe hmzmehmpã hmzmehmpã xcexd hm lc{ kcpckxmpé{xokc{ gé{okd)s}éiokc{ hml gãpickd kdid hm ld{ kdizcpxoimexd{ me {é% ]e xmpkmp gckxdp, kdid yc fmid{ wo{xd, m{ ml npchd hm opponckoûe hm ld{ xmbohd{1 me m{xm {mexohd, ld{ z}lidem{ y ld{ poódem{ pmko`me }e 7:- ml wdl}ime ioe}xd kcphéckd% Gobckoûe hm ld{ xûvokd{% Lc gobckoûe, d kczckohch hm pmxmekoûe hm }ec {}{xcekoc me ml dpnceo{id, m{ ml {on}omexm zc{d xpc{ lc ho{xpo`}) koûe% Edpiclimexm, ed {m zpmxmehm }ec gobckoûe i}y h}pchmpc, zdp ld s}m ï{xc z}mhm zpdwdkcp mgmkxd{ edko) wd{ me kc{d hm ed zpdh}kop{m }ec mloioeckoûe pãzohc y kdppmkxc% Zdp pmnlc nmempcl, ld{ xûvokd{ fohpd{dl}`lm{ {m mloioece gãkolimexm zdp wéc pmecl, zdp ld s}m ed {}gpme gobckoûe% Ld{ xûvokd{ i}y lozd{dl}`lm{, lozd{dl}`lm{, {oe mi`cpnd, {m ck}i}lce me ld{ xmbohd{ npc{d{ &xmbohd chozd{d, {o{xmic empwod{d m fénchd, g}ehcimexclimexm/1 ld{ imxc) lm{ me {}{ gdpic{ dpnãeokc{ {m ck}i}lce me ml fénchd, y iã{ zd{xmpodpimexm, me ml poóûe, me ld{ f}m{d{, mxk% C}es}m imed{ gpmk}mexm{, dxpd{ l}ncpm{ hm gobckoûe {de ml zmld, lc{ }óc{ y dxpd{ ûpnced{ pmlckodechd{% pmlckodechd{% Mloioeckoûe hm ld{ xûvokd{% Lc mloioeckoûe, d {clohc hm }ec hmxmpioechc {}{xcekoc cl mvxmpodp hml dpnceo{id, z}mhm dk}ppop zdp imhod hm `odxpce{gdpickodem{ imxc`ûlokc{ y zdp mvkpmkoûe zpdzocimexm hokfc% Lc{ `odxpce{gdpickodem{ hm ld{ xûvokd{ zmpioxme s}m ï{xd{ {mce iã{ fohpd{dl}`lm{ y zdp xcexd czxd{ zcpc {mp mloioechd{ zdp wéc pmecl, zpoekozcl wéc hm mvkpmkoûe hm gãpickd{ y dxpc{ {}{xcekoc{ me ml dpnceo{id% M{xc m{ }ec hm lc{ pcrdem{ zdp lc{ s}m ml poóûe m{xã xce opponchd, y zdp ld xcexd, xce zpmzcpchd zcpc oexmpwmeop me }e cizlod zpdkm{d hm pmc`{dpkoûe% Ml dpnceo{id ed m{xã zpmzcpchd zcpc mloioecp {}{xcekoc{ lozd{dl}`lm{ zdp wéc pmecl% Me m{xd{ kc{d{, edpicl) imexm, ld{ xûvokd{ {de mloioechd{ zdp wéc `olocp d `ome {m `odxpce{gdpice c {}{xcekoc{ fohpd{dl}`lm{% Chmiã{ hm lc wéc pmecl, lc mvkpmkoûe hm gãpickd{ y dxpc{ {}{xcekoc{ z}mhm llmwcp{m c kc`d hm dxpc{ gdpic{% Wmcid{ cln}ed{ mbmizld{2 † Me ld{ z}lidem{ {m mvkpmxce xûvokd{ nc{md{d{ y wdlãxolm{, g}ehcimexclimexm2 clkdfdlm{, kmxd) ec{, KD, cioec{ y cln}ec{ npc{c{% † Ml b}nd nã{xpokd mvkpmxc `c{m{, cln}ed{ clkcldohm{ kdid lc eokdxoec, mxk% † Lc `olo{ mvkpmxc kdiz}m{xd{ hm clxd zm{d idlmk}lcp, nmempclimexm kdid kdeb}nchd{ hm {}{ im) xc`dloxd{, chmiã{ hm {}{xcekoc{ lozd{dl}`lm{, nl}k}pdecxd{ y kompxd{ kdiz}m{xd{ zdlokéklokd{ kdid ml `merdzopmed% † Lc lmkfm icxmpec, hm zF 9 7%7)> &icydp ckohmr s}m ml zlc{ic {cen}éemd/, m{ kczcr hm mvkpmxcp lc{ `c{m{, iomexpc{ s}m ld{ ãkohd{ s}mhce pmxmeohd{ me lc {cenpm% † Mxk%
)7)
XXMIC MIC 77% dv okdkoeïxokc% dhmld{ kkdizcpxoimexclm{% dizcp xoimexclm{% dvvokdkoeïxokc c% I 7%% XXd Idhmld{ Mexmehmid{ zdp Xdvokdkoeïxokc ml m{x}hod k}cexoxcxowd hm ld{ zpdkm{d{ s}m mvzmpoimexc, me g}ekoûe hml xomizd, }e vmed`oûxokd me }e dpnceo{id wowd% ]e vmed`oûxokd, d {}{xcekoc mvxpcóc cl oehowoh}d kde{ohmpchd, me ml dpnceo{id, {}gpm }ed{ zpdkm{d{ hm c`{dpkoûe &d llmnchc c lc {cenpm/, ho{xpo`}koûe, imxc`dlo{id y mv) kpmkoûe, {}{kmzxo`lm{ hm }e xpcxciomexd koeïxokd d mwcl}ckoûe icxmiãxokc icxmiãxokc kde pmlckoûe cl xomizd% Me {éexm{o{, ld{ zpdkm{d{ gcpickdkoeïxokd{ {m pm{}ime me ml cecnpcic LCHIM, {onlc{ hm ld{ xïpioed{ “lo`mpckoûe’, “c`) {dpkoûe’, “ho{xpo`}koûe’, “imxc`dlo{id’ y “mvkpmkoûe’% Ld{ m{x}hod{ pmclorchd{ zdp Xdp{de Xmdpmll me 3?;>, zcpxme hml m{xc`lmkoiomexd hm }ed{ idhmld{ xdvokd) koeïxokd{, ld iã{ {mekolld{ zd{o`lm{, y {}{kmzxo`lm{ hm oexmpzpmxcp{m icxmiãxokcimexm% icxmiãxokcimexm% Me m{xd{ idhmld{ {m kde{ohmpc ml dpnceo{id howohohd me kdizcpxoimexd{% K}cehd }e zpdh}kxd hchd ed zpm{mexc cgoeohch m{zmkocl eo m{ pmxmeohd zdp eoenòe xmbohd, {oed s}m {m hog}ehm oe{xcexãemcimexm c xdhc lc ic{c kdpzdpcl, zdhmid{ m{xoicp s}m ml dpnceo{id g}ekodec kdid }e òeokd kdizcpxoimexd &idhmld idedkdizcpxoimexcl/% Zdp ml kdexpcpod, k}cehd ml zpdh}kxd {m ho{xpo`}ym lmexc) imexm y ld fckm hm gdpic ed fdidnïemc, kdekmexpãehd{m me }ed{ xmbohd{ iã{ s}m me dxpd{, {m hm`me kde) {ohmpcp hd{ d iã{ kdizcpxoimexd{ & idhmld `o d i}lxokdizcpxoimexcl/ Ml eòimpd hm kdizcpxoimexd{ s}m z}mhme kde{ohmpcp{m m{ i}y npcehm, ho{xoen}oïehdld{ {mnòe hd{ kpoxm) pod{ g}ehcimexclm{2 g}ehcimexclm{2 c/ Kcpckxmpé{xokc{ gé{okd)s}éiokc{ gé{okd)s}éiokc{ hm ld{ hogmpmexm{ hogmpmexm{ xmbohd{ xmbohd{ s}m zpm{mexcpãe zpm{mexcpãe ho{xoexc cgoeohch c ld{ ld{ xûvokd{, hmzmehomehd hm ld{ kdmgokomexm{ hm pmzcpxd y lc kczckohch hml zpdh}kxd zcpc }eop{m kde zpdxméec{ d lézohd{ xo{}lcpm{% Hm gdpic mlmimexcl {m z}mhme xmemp me k}mexc ld{ {on}omexm{ kdi) zcpxoimexd{ s}m fckme hm hmzû{oxd c ld{ vmed`oûxokd{2 3% Zpdxméec{ zlc{iãxokc{ kopk}lcexm{% 0% Zpdxméec{ xo{}lcpm{ d oexpckml}lcpm{% ;% Ãkohd{ e}klmokd{% 8% Lézohd{ kml}lcpm{% Ld{ xpm{ zpoimpd{ kdizcpxoimexd{ pmxomeme vmed`oûxokd{ zdp c`{dpkoûe imhocexm melckm{ pmlcxo) wcimexm m{xc`lm{ &melckm{ oûeokd{, z}mexm{ hm fohpûnmed, oexmpckkodem{ ode)hozdld, g}mprc{ hm Wce hmp ^ccl{, mxk%/, zmpd pmwmp{o`lm{% `/ Idhmld{ go{odlûnokd{ s}m hm{kpo`me ml k}mpzd kdid kde{xox}ohd kde{xox}o hd zdp kdizcpxoimexd{ pmclimexm cecxûiokd{, m{ hmkop, ûpnced{ s}m dgpmkme }ec }eohch hm wdl}ime, gl}bd {cen}éemd y kcpckxmpé{) xokc{ hm {dl}`olohch hm kchc vmed`oûxokd% C}es}m me xmdpéc hm`mpéce kde{ohmpcp{m xcexd{ kdi) zcpxoimexd{ kdid xozd{ hm kïl}lc{, me lc zpãkxokc xdvokdlûnokc {m pmh}kme c k}cxpd2 3% [cenpm% 0% Wé{kmpc{ i}y opponchc{% ;% Xmbohd chozd{d% 8% F}m{d{, zmld{ y }óc{% Ml idhmld `okdizcpxoimexcl {}zdem }e kdizcpxoimexd kmexpcl y dxpd zmpogïpokd% Ml zpoimpd m{xã kde{xox}ohd zdp ml zlc{ic y ld{ gl}ohd{ oexmp{xokoclm{1 me ml {m zpdh}kme ld{ zpoimpd{ zpdkm{d{ hm `odxpce{gdpickoûe% Me kdeb}exd, g}ekodec kdid }e idhmld idedkdizcpxoimexcl, me k}yd {med lc ho{xpo`}koûe hml vmed`oûxokd m{ oe{xcexãemc% Ml kdizcpxoimexd zmpogïpokd g}ekodec kdid hmzû{oxd, yc s}m ed {m pmlckodec hopmkxcimexm kde ml mvxmpodp &edpiclimexm ed c`{dp`m, eo mvkpmxc, eo `odxpce{gdpic, mxk%/% C}es}m ed z}mhm m{xc`lmkmp{m hmloioxckoûe mvckxc, {m kde{ohmpc s}m ml kdizcpxoimexd kmexpcl m{xã oexmnpc) hd zdp ld{ {o{xmic{ honm{xowd, z}lidecp y pmecl, kmpm`pd, kdpcrûe y nlãeh}lc{ hm {mkpmkoûe oexmpec &ûpnced{ y {o{xmic{ `ome opponchd{1 0 il$n$ioe/1 iomexpc{ s}m ml xmbohd chozd{d, ml i}{k}lcp y ml k}xãemd gdpice ml kdizcpxoimexd zmpogïpokd &ûpnced{ y {o{xmic{ icl opponchd{1 :%:= il$n$ioe/% Hm{hm }e z}exd hm wo{xc zpãkxokd zdhmid{ kde{ohmpcp s}m2 † Ml kdizcpxoimexd kmexpcl m{xã kde{xox}ohd zdp ml cn}c zlc{iãxokc, oexmp{xokocl m oexpckml}lcp gãkol) imexm ckkm{o`lm% Dk}zc czpdvoichcimexm ml 3:- hml zm{d kdpzdpcl% † Ml kdizcpxoimexd zmpogïpokd, oexmnpchd zdp ml cn}c oexpckml}lcp hogékolimexm ckkm{o`lm y ld{ hmzû) {oxd{ xo{}lcpm{, m{ czpdvoichcimexm ml >:- hml zm{d% Z}mhm {}`howohop{m me }ed {}zmpgokocl &hm gãkol oexmpkci`od/ y dxpd zpdg}ehd &imed{ zmpimc`lm cl gãpickd/% Kdizcpxoiomexd Kdizcpxoiomexd kmexpcl
A30
Kdizcpxoiomexd Kdizcpxoiomexd zmpogïpokd
A03
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Koeïxokc hm lc c`{dpkoûe% [m hmgoem lc c`{dpkoûe hm }e vmed`oûxokd kdid {} mexpchc cl xdppmexm kopk}lcxdpod% Me ml idhmld idedkdi) zcpxoimexcl {m m{xoic s}m m{ xdxcl m oe{xcexãemc, kdid dk}ppm me lc oeymkkoûe oexpcwmed{c d me lc oefclckoûe% Dxpc{ wmkm{ ml vmed`oûxokd hm`m cxpcwm{cp wcpoc{ imi`pcec{ cexm{ hm zc{cp c lc {cenpm &kc{d{ hm chioeo{) xpckoûe dpcl, oexpci}{k}lcp, mxk%/% Lc wmldkohch kde s}m {m zpdh}km lc c`{dpkoûe hm }e xûvokd, d {mc, lc kcexohch hm zpdh}kxd, S, s}m zc{c c lc {cenpm zdp }eohch hm xomizd, x, z}mhm kdppm{zdehmp c hd{ ûphmem{ koeïxokd{ hogmpmexm{2 Koeïxokc hm dphme kmpd% Lc wmldkohch m{ kde{xcexm m oehmzmehomexm hml zpdh}kxd s}m s}mhc zdp c`{dp`mp% hS $ hx 9 ) Ac S 9 Sd ) Ac ¾ x
Koeïxokc hm zpoimp dphme d mvzdemekocl% Lc wmldkohch m{ hmkpmkomexm, z}m{ m{ g}ekoûe hml vmed`oûxokd zpm{mexm d pm{xcexm zdp c`{dp`mp% M{ lc koeïxokc k}izlohc zdp lc icydpéc hm ld{ vmed`oûxokd{% hS $ hx 9 ) Ac ¾ x S 9 Sd ¾ m)Ac¾x leS 9 leSd ) Ac ¾ x
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Koeïxokc hm lc ho{xpo`}koûe d xpce{zdpxm% ]ec wmr s}m ml vmed`oûxokd m{xã me lc {cenpm, ï{xc ld ho{xpo`}ym zdp xdhd{ ld{ xmbohd{ kdpzdpclm{, hm ck}mphd kde lc opponckoûe hm ï{xd{ y me g}ekoûe hml kdmgokomexm hm pmzcpxd d npchd hm lozd{dl}`olohch hm lc {}{xcekoc &ml kdmgokomexm hm pmzcpxd, Z, {m hmgoem kdid lc pmlckoûe hm kdekmexpckodem{ hm k}cls}omp m{zmkom idlmk}lcp, idlmk}lcp, V, mexpm hd{ gc{m{ oeio{ko`lm{ oeio{ko`lm{ me ms}olo`pod1 m{xc pmlckoûe pmlckoûe {m mvzpm{c kdid Z 9 QVY gc{m dpnãeokc $ QVY gc{m ck}d{c /% [m iohm imhocexm lc kde{xcexm hm ho{xpo`}koûe, A h, lc k}cl {m kclk}lc xpc{ }ec chioeo{xpckoûe oexpcwmed{c y hmzmehm hm lc cgoeohch hml vmed`oûxokd zdp ml ûpnced hocec y hm {} zdlcpohch% Ah 9 A03 $ A30 Lc hog}{oûe hml vmed`oûxokd womem cgmkxchc zdp ml wdl}ime czcpmexm hm ho{xpo`}koûe, W h, s}m {m hmgoem kdid ml wdl}ime hm cn}c kdpzdpcl emkm{cpod zcpc ho{xpo`}op }e vmed`oûxokd hm gdpic fdidnïemc me ml dpnceo{id, kde{ohmpcehd s}m m{xm vmed`oûxokd m{ fohpd{dl}`lm% S 9 Wh ¾ K Ho{xpo`}koûe hm }e vmed`oûxokd2 3% Ld{ zpdh}kxd{ zpdh}kxd{ i}y fohpûgold{ fohpûgold{ zmpicemkme zmpicemkme me ml kdizcpxoiomexd kdizcpxoiomexd kmexpcl kmexpcl &Kk/, z}m{xd s}m A035A30 y, c {} wmr, Wk5Wz, hdehm Wk m{ ml wdl}ime hm vmed`oûxokd me ml kdizcpxoiomexd kmexpcl y W z ml wdl}ime hml io{id me ml kdizcpxoimexd kdizcpxoimexd zmpogïpokd% 0% Mvo{xm }e np}zd icydpoxcpod hm kdiz}m{xd{ s}m zc{ce cl cl kdizcpxoiomexd kdizcpxoiomexd zmpogïpokd &Kz/ me me m{) kc{c zpdzdpkoûe y ed {m gobce cllé zdps}m A 035A301 kde{mk}mexmimexm, mvzmpoimexce }ec ho{xpo) `}koûe `okdizcpxoimexcl me lc s}m {m clkcerc pãzohcimexm ml ms}olo`pod hm kdekmexpckoûe &Wk
)6)
Koeïxokc hm lc mloioeckoûe% M{xm kdekmzxd oekl}ym xdhd{ ld{ zpdkm{d{ s}m kdexpo`}yme c ho{ioe}op lc kdekmexpckoûe hm ld{ vmed`oûxokd{ me ml dpnceo{id% M{xd{ zpdkm{d{ c`cpkce2 lc hm{xp}kkoûe imxc`ûlokc &g}ehcimexclime &g}ehcimexclimexm xm fmzãxokc/ hml xûvokd y {} mvkpmkoûe zdp dpoec, fmkm{, cloimexd, mxk% Edpiclimexm ld{ imkceo{id{ hm mloioeckoûe {on}me }ec koeïxokc hm zpoimp dphme &mvzdemekocl/% Zcpc lc mloioeckoûe mvzdemekocl {m czlokc lc mk}ckoûe nmempcl, llcicehd S d c lc kcexohch xdxcl me ml dpnceo{id me ml xomizd xd, S c lc kdppm{zdehomexm cl xomizd x y A m c lc kde{xcexm hm mloioeckoûe% S 9 Sd ¾ mAm¾x Me ld{ idhmld{ idedkdizcpxoimexclm{ {de zpdkm{d{ hm zpoimp dphme2 lc golxpckoûe nldimp}lcp, lc hog}{oûe zc{owc `olocp, lc{ `odxpce{gdpickodem{ y lc {mkpmkoûe ckxowc `olocp y x}`}lcp {ûld c kdekmexpckodem{ `cbc{% Lc wohc imhoc hm mloioeckoûe d {miowohc zlc{iãxokc, x3$0, fckm pmgmpmekoc cl xomizd emkm{cpod zcpc s}m lc kdekmexpckoûe zlc{iãxokc hm }e xûvokd ho{ioe}yc c lc ioxch% Hm gdpic nmeïpokc, lc mvkpmkoûe xdxcl hm }e xûvokd m{ = wmkm{ {} x 3$0% X3$0 9 :%7?; $ Am
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) 30 )
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) 3; )
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;% Kdeb}nckoûe kde nl}xcxoûe% Ml nl}xcxoûe &N[F/ m{ }e xpozïzxohd s}m kdexomem }e np}zd xodl s}m hm{mizmóc howmp{d{ zczmlm{ xdvo) kdlûnokd{% Lc kczckohch s}m xomem ml nl}xcxoûe zcpc mloioecp xûvokd{ hml dpnceo{id {m hm`m c s}m llm) wc c kc`d pmckkodem{ hm dvohckoûe)pmh}kkoûe pmwmp{o`lm{% Ml nl}xcxoûe z}mhm dvohcp{m zdp lc meroic nl}xcxoûe dvohc{c y z}mhm pmh}kop{m c {} m{xchd ecx}pcl zdp lc nl}xcxoûe pmh}kxc{c, g}ehcimexclime) xm c eowml fmzãxokd% C{é, zdp mbmizld, lc nl}xcxoûe zmpdvohc{c mloioec zmpûvohd hm fohpûnmed m fohpd) zmpûvohd{ dpnãeokd{% Ml imkceo{id hm ckkoûe {m zpdh}km c xpcwï{ hml cr}gpm, ãxdid mlmkxpûgold s}m pmckkodec kde m{xp}kx}pc{ e}klmûgolc{, e}klmûgolc{, kdid ml D û ml E%
) 38 )
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8% Ckmxolckoûe% Kde{o{xm me lc chokoûe hm }e np}zd ckmxold, hcehd l}ncp }e kdiz}m{xd imed{ {dl}`lm s}m ml dponoecl% Lc ckmxolckoûe {m llmwc c kc`d me xpm{ zc{d{2 3% Ckmxolckoûe Ckmxolck oûe hm lc meroic% 0% Gobckoûe hml {}{xpcxd c lc meroic% ;% Xpce{gmpmekoc hml np}zd np}zd ckmxold hm{hm lc meroic cl cl {}{xpcxd% Ld{ {}{xpcxd{ s}m llmwce c kc`d pmckkodem{ hm ckmxolckoûe {de, g}ehcimexclimexm, kdiz}m{xd{ cioedcpdiãxokd{, cioedcpdiãxokd{, {}lgdeciohc{, fohpcroec{ m fohpcrohc{%
) 3= )
=% Imxolckoûe% Kde{o{xm me lc chokoûe hm }e np}zd imxold% M{xc pmckkoûe m{xã kcxclorchc zdp meroic{ iokpd{diclm{% iokpd{diclm{% Ld{ {}{xpcxd{ s}m llmwce c kc`d pmckkodem{ hm imxolckoûe {de np}zd{ fohpdvo, gmedvo, cioed clogãxokd{ y cpdiãxokd{, kcxmkdl, np}zd {}lgfohpold, E)fmxmpdkokld{ y xodl%
7% Kdeb}nckoûe kde cioedãkohd{% Kde{o{xm me lc chokoûe hm clnòe xozd hm cioedãkohd, edpiclimexm nlokoec &Nly/% M{xc pmckkoûe emkm) {oxc }ec ckxowckoûe zpmwoc hml {}{xpcxd d xûvokd, s}m {m llmwc c kc`d zdp ml ckmxol KdC kde pms}mpoiomexd hm CXZ y me zpm{mekoc hm ΰ)loc{c% ]ec wmr ckxowchd, ml kdiz}m{xd dpnãeokd oekdpzdpc ml cioedãkohd, pmckkoûe kcxclorchc zdp ckmxolxpce{gmpc{c ioxdkdehpocl% ioxdkdehpocl% Ld{ {}{xpcxd{ hm lc kdeb}nckoûe kde cioedãkohd{ {de {omizpm ãkohd{ dpnãeokd{%
Xdhc{ lc{ pmckkodem{ cexmpodpimexm koxchc{ {opwme zcpc mloioecp xûvokd{ hml dpnceo{id% Lc xdvokohch hml vmed`oûxokd hmzmehm hm ld{ imxc`dloxd{ s}m {m fcyce dponoechd% Lc{ pmckkodem{ hm gc{m OO xomeme oizdpxce) koc k}cloxcxowc, iomexpc{ s}m lc{ hm gc{m O xomeme oizdpxcekoc k}cexoxcxowc, hmzmehomehd hm ld{ cròkcpm{ s}m oexmpwmence me mllc%
) 37 )
XXMMIC IC ??% mkp d{o{ yy cczdzxd{o{% zdzxd{o{% ?%% E Emkpd{o{ Zdhpécid{ m{s}micxorcp s}m xdhd{ ld{ zpdkm{d{ zpdg}ehd{ hm lc ckkoûe xûvokc z}mhme pm{}iop{m me hd{ np}zd{ zpoekozclm{, {mnòe kde{o{xce me lc cgmkxckoûe hm lc oexmnpohch hm lc m{xp}kx}pc kml}lcp d `ome me lc clxmpckoûe hm lc g}ekoûe kml}lcp% [oe mi`cpnd, ed z}mhm dlwohcp{m s}m }ec cgmkxckoûe z}mhm kdeh}kop c dxpc y wokmwmp{c zdps}m }ec lm{oûe kml}lcp llmwcpã edpiclimexm edpiclimexm zcpmbc }e hïgokox g}ekodecl, me xcexd s}m }ec clxm) pckoûe g}ekodecl zdhpã ckc`cp cgmkxcehd c lc oexmnpohch m{xp}kx}pcl% Ld{ mgmkxd{ edkowd{ s}m hmpowce hm lc }eoûe hm }ec {}{xcekoc s}éiokc kde lc{ `odidlïk}lc{ z}mhme {mp hm hd{ xozd{2 c/ Zdxmekoclimexm Zdxmekoclimexm pmwmp{o`lm{, hm kcpãkxmp {}`lmxcl, {}`lmxcl, nmempclimexm nmempclimexm hm xozd g}ekodecl% g}ekodecl% `/ Oppmwmp{o`lm{, edpiclimexm edpiclimexm lmxclm{ lmxclm{ zcpc lc kïl}lc, kïl}lc, s}m {m mvzpm{ce mvzpm{ce kdid clxmpckodem{ clxmpckodem{ m{xp}kx}pclm{% m{xp}kx}pclm{% ]e cnmexm koxdxûvokd m{ }ec {}{xcekoc s}m mbmpkm }e mgmkxd xûvokd {d`pm lc m{xp}kx}pc d lc g}ekoûe kml}lcp% Zdp pmnlc nmempcl, {m }xolorce hd{ xïpioed{ zcpc hm{onecp lc i}mpxm kml}lcp, emkpd{o{ y czdzxd{o{ , hm ho{xoexd {oneogokchd kchc }ed hm mlld{%
Clxmpckodem{ hm lc m{xp}kx}pc kml}lcp% Ld{ imkceo{id{ xûvokd{ s}m lm{odece lc cps}oxmkx}pc kml}lcp z}mhme kde{o{xop me clxmpckodem{ iã{ d imed{ zpdg}ehc{ hm lc{ m{xp}kx}pc{ zpdxmokc{ s}m kdeh}kme c lc hm{xp}kkoûe xdxcl hm lc kïl}lc &kc}{xokckoûe, emkpd) {o{/, d {dlcimexm hm lc imi`pcec kml}lcp, ld s}m dponoecpã }ec {clohc hml kdexmeohd% ]ec cgmkxckoûe iã{ {mlmkxowc z}mhm lm{odecp {ûld m{xp}kx}pc{ } ûpnced{ {}`kml}lcpm{, kdid ml pmxék}ld mehdzlc{iãxokd, mehdzlc{iãxokd, lc{ ioxd) kdehpoc{, ld{ po`d{dic{, ld{ lo{d{dic{, s}m pm{zmkxowcimexm hcpãe l}ncp c xpc{xdped{ me lc{ g}x}pc{ ckxowo) hchm{ imxc`ûlokc{ y mempnïxokc{, me lc {éexm{o{ hm zpdxméec{ d c {}km{owc{ hm{xp}kkodem{ xo{}lcpm{ cl lo`m) pcp{m lc{ meroic{ zpdh}kxdpc{ hm lo{o{, s}m {m fcllce clickmechc{ clickmechc{ me ld{ lo{d{dic{ &zpdxmc{c{, mxk%/% Clxmpckodem{ hm lc g}ekoûe kml}lcp% Z}mhme pm{}iop{m me xpm{2 3% Idhogokckodem{ Idhogokck odem{ hm lc zmpimc`olohch hm lc imi`pcec, s}m ed {ûld cgmkxc c lc mexpchc y {clohc hm e}) xpomexm{, gãpickd{ y mvkpmxc{, {oed xci`oïe ml oexmpkci`od hm ld{ odem{ Ec!, A! y Kc0!, pm{zde{c`lm{ pm{zde{c`lm{ hm ld{ gmeûimed{ hm zdlcporckoûe y hm{zdlcporckoûe hm lc imi`pcec y, me hmgoeoxowc, hm lc xpce{io) {oûe mlïkxpokc hml oiz}l{d empwod{d% 0% Idhogokckoûe Idhogokck oûe hm lc ckxowohch meroiãxokc, zdp cgmkxckoûe hm }ec meroic d {o{xmic meroiãxokd &kdme) roic, mxk%/ kde clxmpckoûe hm ld{ zpdkm{d{ pm{zopcxdpod{, mempnïxokd{, empwod{d{, kcxc`ûlokd{, mxk%, me s}m cs}mllc oexmpwoeompm% ;% Idhogokckodem{ Idhogokckodem{ hm lc pmzpdh}kkoûe pmzpdh}kkoûe &{mc hm hm lc kïl}lc d hml oehowoh}d/ oehowoh}d/ kdid kde{mk}mekoc kde{mk}mekoc hm lc ckkoûe hml xûvokd {d`pm2 c% Lc zpdzoc howo{oûe kml}lcp &ioxd{o{/% `% Ml icxmpocl nmeïxokd &ãkohd{ e}klmokd{/% Me ci`d{ kc{d{, lc{ kde{mk}mekoc{ oeimhocxc{ {}mlme {mp zpd`lmic{ kcpkoednmeïxokd{, xmpcxdnï) em{o{ y$d i}xcnïem{o{% i}xcnïem{o{%
) 3> )
Emkpd{o{% Lc emkpd{o{ m{ }e zpdkm{d zc{owd y ckkohmexcl hm i}mpxm kml}lcp s}m czcpmkm kdid kde{mk}mekoc hm }ec hm{xp}kkoûe zpdnpm{owc hm lc m{xp}kx}pc kde clxmpckoûe hmgoeoxowc hm lc g}ekoûe edpicl me }e hcód oppmwmp{o`lm, edpiclimexm hm{mekchmechd zdp cnmexm{ koxdxûvokd{ &zpm{mekoc hm ãkohd{, {}{xcekoc{ kã}{xokc{, mxk%/, chmiã{ hm kompxc{ clxmpckodem{ gé{okc{ &zdp mbmizld, kci`od{ me ml zF d lc xmizmpcx}pc, xpc}icxo{id{ im) kãeokd{, mxk%/, clxmpckodem{ `odlûnokc{ &zdp mbmizld, lc zpm{mekoc hm wop}{, `ckxmpoc{, mxk%/, clxmpckodem{ kopk}) lcxdpoc{ &zdp mbmizld, {ox}ckodem{ hm o{s}mioc d hm oegcpxd/ d clxmpckodem{ oei}edlûnokc{% Lc emkpd{o{ {m pmlckodec kde }e zpdkm{d zcxdlûnokd, e}ekc go{odlûnokd, y xomem l}ncp me np}zd{ kml}lcpm{ &pcpcimexm xomem l}ncp me }ec kïl}lc co{lchc/% Cgmkxc c xdhd ml {o{xmic meroiãxokd hm gdpic ed kdexpdlchc c{é kdid c lc fdimd{xc{o{% Zpdh}km lc p}zx}pc kml}lcp, kde ld s}m ml kdexmeohd hm lc kïl}lc {clm cl ci`omexm mvxpckml}lcp zpdwdkcehd oeglcickoûe oeglcickoûe mv}hcxowc% Lc emkpd{o{ xomem {} dponme me kci`od{ c{dkochd{ cl mexdped kml}lcp2 Me ml zpdkm{d hm lc emkpd{o{, oeokoclimexm, ld{ dpnãe}ld{ {}`kml}lcpm{ {m foekfce y, kde{mk}mexmimexm, lc kïl}lc kdiomerc c cnpcehcp{m% C kdexoe}ckoûe, ld{ dpnãe}ld{ {m pdizme y {m ho{}mlwme me ml oexmpodp kml}lcp% Ml {mn}ehd zc{d kde{o{xm me lc p}zx}pc hm lc{ imi`pcec{ kml}lcpm{ y e}klmcpm{, ld s}m zpdh}km s}m ml kde) xmeohd oexpckml}lcp {clnc cl ci`omexm mvxpckml}lcp% Fcy }e z}exd kpéxokd me ml imkceo{id hm lc emkpd{o{ s}m kde{o{xm me lc zïphohc hm wdl}ime fdimd{xãxokd kml}lcp, m{ hmkop, lc kïl}lc ed z}mhm kdexpdlcp lc zpm{oûe d{iûxokc y kdid kde{mk}mekoc {m zpdh}km }e kci) `od me lc zmpimc`olohch hm lc imi`pcec% C zcpxop hm m{xm idimexd mexpc icxmpocl kdldohcl cl oexmpodp kml}lcp, ho{ioe}ym ml A ! y c}imexce ml Ec! y ml Kc0!1 me m{xm {mexohd, ho{ioe}ym ml zdxmekocl hm imi`pcec y ml czdp) xm mempnïxokd% Lc{ kïl}lc{ emkpd{chc{ z}mhme pmxmemp zmpgmkxcimexm zmpgmkxcimexm ld{ kdldpcexm{ m{zmkégokd{ woxclm{ &c eowml hm lc`dpcxd) pod, {de zd{o`lm{ lc{ xoekodem{ `odlûnokc{/% Chmiã{, {de gãkolimexm hmxmkxc`lm{ zdp dponoecp kci`od{ zmp{o{) xmexm{ c eowml xo{}lcp & kokcxporckodem{/%
) 36 )
Ûpnced{ {}`kml}lcpm{ s}m {m wme hcóchd{ me lc emkpd{o{2 Fcy }ec clxmpckoûe hm lc imi`pcec kml}lcp s}m z}mhm {mp hopmkxc zdp ckkoûe hm lc{ gd{gdlozc{c{ s}m hm{xp}yme ld{ gd{gdlézohd{ hm lc imi`pcec, m oehopmkxc zdp ckkoûe hm }ec ickpdidlïk}lc s}m zpdwd) s}m lc dvohckoûe lozéhokc d `ome {m }ec kdwclmexmimexm c mllc clxmpcehd {} zmpimc`olohch% Kdid me lc ioxdkdehpoc xomeme l}ncp zpdkm{d{ pmlckodechd{ kde ml CXZ, ml hcód hm ï{xc zpdwdkc lc clxmpckoûe hml CXZ y hm xxdhd{ dhd{ cs}mlld{ zpdkm{d{ s}m pms}ompme CXZ &zpdkm{d{ mempnïxokd{/% mempnïxokd{/% [m wme cgmkxchd{ xci`oïe dxpd{ dpnãe}ld{ oexpckml}lcpm{ pmlckodechd{ kde lc {éexm{o{ zpdxmokc &eò) klmd, po`d{dic{, czcpcxd hm Ndlno, mxk%/ y k de ml idwoiomexd kml}lcp &iokpdxò`}ld{, mxk%/%
Czdzxd{o{ &“i}mpxm kml}lcp zpdnpcichc’/% Lc czdzxd{o{, fc`ox}climexm pmkdedkohc kdid i}mpxm kml}lcp zpdnpcichc d {}okohod kml}lcp {olmekod{d, m{ }ec gdpic hm hmnpchckoûe kml}lcp, me lc icydpéc hm ld{ kc{d{ hm dponme mehûnmed, hm{mekchmechc zdp {móclm{ kml}lcpm{ kdexpdlchc{ nmeïxokcimexm% M{xc{ {móclm{ z}mhme dponoecp{m me lc kïl}lc io{ic d hm lc oexmpckkoûe kde dxpc{ kïl}lc{% Lc czdzxd{o{ {m pmlckodec kde zpdkm{d{ go{odlûnokd{ zdps}m zcpxokozc cizloc) imexm me ml kdexpdl hml kpmkoiomexd x}idpcl, me ld{ zpdkm{d{ oei}eoxcpod{, me lc hmgme{c cexm ld{ wop}{, mxk% Me cln}ed{ kc{d{, lc czdzxd{o{ {m pmlckodec xci`oïe kde zpdkm{d{ zcxdlûnokd{% [m kde{ohmpc ckx}climexm kdid }e imkceo{id hm pm{z}m{xc `odlûnokc k}cehd lc kïl}lc zmpko`m }e kdeglokxd mexpm lc{ {móclm{ s}m pmko) `m, zpdkmhmexm{ hml mvxmpodp d hml oexmpodp% Zdp mlld, ed m{ kdppmkxd oexmpzpmxcp lc czdzxd{o{ mvkl}{owcimexm kdid “i}mpxm kml}lcp zpdnpcichc’, yc s}m xci`oïe m{ oeh}kohc zdp cnmexm{ mvxmped{% Me kdexpc{xm kde lc emkpd{o{, s}m m{ }e gmeûimed zc{owd, lc czdzxd{o{ m{ }e gmeûimed ckxowd s}m {}zdem lc ckxowckoûe hm hmxmpioechd{ nmem{ &nmem{ koxdxûvokd{/ k}yc mvzpm{oûe hc l}ncp c lc {éexm{o{ hm wcpoc{ zpd) xméec{ s}m z}mhme ckx}cp `ome kdid pmn}lchdpm{ hm lc xpce{kpozkoûe, gpmecehd lc zpdlogmpckoûe kml}lcp, d `ome kdid ckxowchdpm{ hm meroic{ zpdxmdléxokc{, clxmpcehd d gpcnimexcehd gpcnimexcehd zpdxméec{ y HEC% [m fce hm{k}`ompxd xci`oïe nmem{ s}m gpmece lc czdzxd{o{ ckx}cehd {d`pm mlld{, y s}m, c {} wmr, z}mhme {mp oefo`ohd{, kde ld s}m s}mhce lo`pm{ hm ckx}cp ld{ czdzxû{okd{% K}cehd {m oeokoc lc czdzxd{o{ {m d`{mpwc cl iokpd{kdzod mlmkxpûeokd }ec kdehme{ckoûe hm lc kpdicxoec, ld s}m zpm{cnoc lc czcpokoûe hm wm{ék}lc{ y }ec zd{xmpodp gpcnimexckoûe1 ml koxdzlc{ic {m pmxpcm, ml cn}c zc{c cl pmxék}ld mehdzlc{iãxokd, k}yc{ ko{xmpec{ {m holcxce y {m c`pme zdpd{ me lc imi`pcec s}m {opwme hm kcec) lm{ zcpc lc {clohc hml cn}c% Ld{ dpnãe}ld{ {m czpdvoice y, goeclimexm, lc kïl}lc lm{odechc m{ gcndkoxchc zdp ickpûgcnd{ d zdp kïl}lc{ wmkoec{% Lc czdzxd{o{ xomem l}ncp me kïl}lc{ oehowoh}clm{, hm{cppdllãehd{m me }e icpkd hm ;)? fdpc{ &`c{xcexm pãzohd/ y ed {m c{dkoc c oeglcickoûe% Kdid mbmizld zdhpécid{ koxcp lc zïpho) hc hm lc kdlc hml pmeck}cbd d lc zïphohc hm lc imi`pcec oexmphonoxcl me f}iced{% M{ hogékol ohmexogokcp lc czdzxd{o{, yc s}m ed {m z}mhme pmclorcp xïkeokc{ hm xoekoûe &{m pmzmlme ld{ kdldpce) xm{/, xci`oïe zdps}m m{ }e zpdkm{d pãzohd, {m zpdh}km me kïl}lc{ co{lchc{ y zdps}m ed zpdwdkc kci`od{ zmp{o{xmexm{ xo{}lcpm{ &ed zpdwdkc kokcxporckoûe/%
) 3? )
XXMIC MIC 33:% mkceo{id{ hhm m xxdvokohch% dvokohch% XXdvokohch dvokkohch ohch ooem{zmkégokc m{zmkég okc 3::%% I Imkceo{id{ xdvokohch Xdvo oeem{zmkégokc p pmwmp{o`l mwmp {o`lm p p pm wmp {o`lm% lm mm ooppmwmp{o`lm% Ld{ imkceo{id{ hm xdvokohch {m zdhpéce pm{}iop me ld{ {on}omexm{2 c/ Xdvokohch oem{zmkégokc% Imkceo{id{ ed imhochd{ zdp pmkmzxdpm{% [m xpch}kme me }ec zmpx}p`ckoûe gé{okc hm lc{ imi`pcec{ kml}lcpm{ s}m pm{}lxc me }ec hm{m{xc) `olorckoûe hm lc g}ekoûe mlïkxpokc hm lc zpdzoc imi`pcec% Kdid kde{mk}mekoc hm m{xd, {m clxmpce lc{ g}ekodem{ kcphéckc{ y kmpm`pclm{% `/ Xdvokohch m{zmkégokc% Imkceo{id{ imhochd{ imhochd{ zdp pmkmzxdpm{, hm ckkoûe m{zmkégokc% [m xpch}kme me }ec zmpx}p`ckoûe s}éiokc {d`pm pmkmzxdpm{, meroic{ } dxpc{ m{xp}kx}pc{ kml}lc) pm{% Kdid kde{mk}mekoc, {m zpdh}kme clxmpckodem{ `ods}éiokc{ d lm{odem{ m{xp}kx}pclm{ kde mgmkxd{ wcpochd{% k/ Imkceo{id{ oei}eoxcpod{% Zpdkm{d{ hm{mekchmechd{ zdp pmckkodem{ oei}eoxcpoc{% Xomeme kdid dponme pmckkodem{ mexpm cexénmed{ d fczxmed{ kde cexok}mpzd{% Kdid kde{mk}me) koc, {m zpdh}kme pmckkodem{ pmckkodem{ hm {me{o`olorckoûe%
Imkceo{id{ hm xdvokohch oem{zmkégokc% I}kfd{ cnmexm{ s}m zpdh}kme xdvokohch oem{zmkégokc {de {}{xcekoc{ lozd{dl}`lm{ s}m clxmpce lc zmpimc`olo) hch hm lc imi`pcec hm gdpic pmwmp{o`lm1 kde{mk}mexmimexm, kde{mk}mexmimexm, clxmpce lc{ g}ekodem{ kcphéckc{ y$d kmpm`pclm{ hml dpnceo{id% M{xm xozd hm {}{xcekoc{ {de clkdfdlm{, hmxmpnmexm{, hmxmpnmexm{, cem{xï{okd{, nc{m{ oempxm{, mxk%, {omizpm c mlmwchc{ kdekmexpckodem{, hm icempc s}m z}mhce llmncp cl xmbohd hocec {d`pm ml s}m ckxòce% Lc xdvokohch oem{zmkégokc pmwmp{o`lm {on}m }e imkceo{id hm pmzcpxd, hdehm lc {}{xcekoc {m ck}i}lc me lc imi`pcec, mvzcehomehd ml ãpmc {}zmpgokocl hm lc io{ic% M{ i}y oizdpxcexm lc clxmpckoûe hm ld{ kceclm{ hm odem{, zpoekozclimexm hm Kc0! y Ec!, yc s}m kde mlld {m clxmpc lc mvkoxc`olohch hm lc imi`pcec% Me dkc{odem{ ml xûvokd {m }em hopmkxcimexm c lc{ lozdzpdxméec{ hm lc imi`pcec kml}lcp y {m zpdh}km ml io{id mgmkxd% Lc xmdpéc hm lc zmpx}p`ckoûe hm lc imi`pcec lozéhokc lc pmclorce kdiz}m{xd{ lozd{dl}`lm{ y ld{ nc{m{ me nmem) pcl% Fcy dxpc{ xmdpéc{ zpdz}m{xc{, me lc{ s}m m{xc{ {}{xcekoc{ {m }eme c zpdxméec{ meroiãxokc{ hm lc imi) `pcec, c}es}m ed wcid{ c mexpcp me hmxcllm% Lc xdvokohch oem{zmkégokc pmwmp{o`lm ed zpdh}km zcxdldnéc ickpd{kûzokc d iokpd{kûzokc, eo {m pmkdedkm }e pmkmzxdp `ods}éiokd, zmpd {é s}m {m fc d`{mpwchd s}m xomem l}ncp }ec clxmpckoûe iodkãphokc% Me cln}ed{ kc{d{ xci`oïe ckxòc c eowml hml [EK% Mvo{xm }ec pmlckoûe i}y klcpc mexpm lc{ {}{xcekoc{ hm xdvokohch oem{) zmkégokc kde lc fozdvoc kmpm`pcl% Lc{ {}{xcekoc{ lozdgélokc{ z}mhme ckx}cp {d`pm dxpc{ m{xp}kx}pc{ d {}`ûpnc) ed{, c}es}m ld{ mgmkxd{ {mce ho{xoexd{% Cnmexm{ oem{zmkégokd{ oppmwmp{o`lm{ {de cs}mlld{ s}m kc}{ce ml hmedioechd mgmkxd hm kc}{xokckoûe, s}m {}zdem lc hm{dpnceorckoûe hm ld{ kdizdemexm{ xo{}lcpm{% @ã{okcimexm m{ }ec s}mich}pc s}éiokc, i}y hogmpmexm hm lc xïpiokc, zpdh}kohc me ml l}ncp hm kdexckxd hml xûvokd kde ml xmbohd dpnãeokd, xcexd me zoml, i}) kd{c{ mvxmpec{, wéc{ honm{xowc{ y pm{zopcxdpoc{, c{é kdid me ml poóûe, iïh}lc m{zoecl, empwod ûzxokd, mxk%, hdehm llmnce d {m kdekmexpce hmxmpioechd{ vmed`oûxokd{ d {m dponoece imxc`dloxd{ zcpc ld{ s}m pm{}lxce m{zmkoclimexm {me{o`lm{ ld{ xmbohd{ ldkclm{1 zdp mbmizld, ml `mekmed z}mhm hcp l}ncp cl gmedl, cnmexm kã}{xo) kd, y ï{xm, me lc iïh}lc û{mc, z}mhm zpdwdkcp lm}kmioc% Ld{ cnmexm{ kã}{xokd{ {de {}{xcekoc{ zpdh}kxdpc{ hm zF ãkohd d `ã{okd ho{xcexm hml go{odlûnokd, d `ome dvo) hcexm{ d hm{fohpcxcexm{, {dl}kodem{ hm cln}ed{ kcxodem{ dpnãeokd{ d oedpnãeokd{, ceodem{ cpdiãxokd{, hm) xmpnmexm{ kcxoûeokd{, mxk%, s}m hm{xp}yme d cl imed{ hm{dpnceorce lc cps}oxmkx}pc kml}lcp cl hm{ecx}pclorcp {}{ zpdxméec{%
) 0: )
XXMIC MIC 333% dv okohcch h mm{zmkégokc {zmkéégokc g okc p pmwmp{o wmp {o``lm lm mm oopp p p lm% dvvokohch 333%% XXd vokoh m{zmk pmmwmp{o`lm pmmwmp{o`lm% mwmp{o wmp {o``lm% Cl on}cl s}m lc oem{zmkégokc, lc xdvokohch m{zmkégokc z}mhm {mp pmwmp{o`lm, k}cehd lc }eoûe mexpm ml gãpickd &xûvokd/ y ml pmkmzxdp h}pc }e xomizd hmxmpioechd, d oppmwmp{o`lm, k}cehd lc }eoûe cl pmkmzxdp pm{}lxc hmgoeoxo) wc% Me m{xm {mn}ehd kc{d, lc pmckkoûe {m llmwc c kc`d c xpcwï{ hm clnòe imxc`dloxd d pmckxowd oexmpimhocpod, g}ehcimexclimexm, pchokclm{ lo`pm{ y pmckxowd{ mlmkxpûgold{% Ci`d{ {m }eme cl pmkmzxdp imhocexm melckm{ kdwclmexm{% Me ml kc{d hm s}m {mc pmwmp{o`lm, ml pmkmzxdp {m }em cl xûvokd zdp melckm{ ed kdwclmexm{% Lc }eoûe {m icexomem h}pcexm }e xomizd hmxmpioechd, emkm{cpod zcpc s}m xmenc l}ncp ml mgmkxd `odlûnokd `}{) kchd% C zcpxop hm m{m idimexd, ml xûvokd {m {mzcpc hml pmkmzxdp, hm idhd s}m m{xm {m pmnmempc zcpc }ec zd{xmpodp pmckkoûe% Ld{ xûvokd{ hm`me zpm{mexcp hd{ kcpckxmpé{xokc{ g}ehcimexclm{2 3/ hm`me xmemp cgoeohch zdp {} pmkmzxdp m{zmkégokd, y 0/ hm`me {mp kczckm{ hm zpdh}kop m{xéi}ld{% Me ci`d{ kc{d{, ld{ xûvokd{ oexmpgompme me lc em}) pdxpce{io{oûe, me lc ckkoûe fdpidecl d me lc mvkpmkoûe pmecl% Ld{ pmkmzxdpm{ s}m ckxòce me lc xdvokohch m{zmkégokc pmwmp{o`lm {de2 Np}zd{ [F &pmkmzxdpm{ hm imxclm{ zm{chd{/% d d Fmidnld`oec Fmidnld`oec y koxdkpdid Z8=: &pmkmzxdpm{ hm KD/% Koxdkpdid K dvohc{c &pmkmzxdp hm KE)/% d Ckmxolkdloem{xmpc{c Ckmxolkdloem{xmpc{c &pmkmzxdp hm DG/% d Me ml fdi`pm, lc fmidnld`oec &F`/ m{ ml zpoekozcl xpce{zdpxchdp hm D 0% Me {é m{ }ec imxcldzpdxméec kde }ec zdpgopoec y }e ãxdid hm fomppd me m{xchd gmppd{d% Fcy {}{xcekoc{ s}m clxmpce ml m{xchd hml fomppd, kdid ld{ hmpowchd{ eoxpddpnãeokd{, zmpicencecxd{, mxk% Ld{ imkceo{id{ hm ckkoûe m{zmkégokc oppmwmp{o`lm{ {}mlme llmwcp{m c kc`d zdp ckkoûe hm hd{ xozd{ hm pmckxo) wd{ oexmpimhocpod{, oexmpimhocpod{, g}ehcimexclimexm2 g}ehcimexclimexm2 Pmckxowd{ mlmkxpûgold{% Lc{ idhogokckodem{ iã{ oizdpxcexm{ hm ld{ pmkmzxdpm{ {m zpdh}kme k}cehd ml vmed`oûxokd m{xc`lmkm kde mlld{ }eodem{ s}éiokc{ imhocexm melckm{ kdwclmexm{% Me m{xm {mexohd, imhocexm ml {o{xmic hm kdizcpxop hd{ mlmkxpdem{, s}m zpdzdpkodec iãvoic mempnéc c lc }eoûe, ï{xc chs}ompm }e kcpãkxmp nmempclimexm nmempclimexm oppmwmp{o`lm% Hm m{xc gdpic {m dponoece kdiz}m{xd{ kde m{xp}kx}pc mlmkxpûgolc &hmgokome) xm hm mlmkxpdem{/ hm npce pmckxowohch kde kdiz}m{xd{ e}klmûgold{ &pokd{ me mlmkxpdem{/ kdid zdp mbmizld ld{ cioedãkohd{ me {}{ ãxdid{ [, E y D, kdid fo{xohoec, ko{xméec, lo{oec, xpozxûgced y imxod) eoec, d lc{ `c{m{ hm HEC me {}{ ãxdid{ hm E y D% Ld{ pmckxowd{ mlmkxpûgold{ {de kczckm{ hm ckx}cp {d`pm k}cls}ompc hm ld{ kdizdemexm{ kdizdemexm{ s}éiokd{ km) l}lcpm{% C{é, m{xc`lmkme melckm{ kml}lcpm{ kde ld{ cioedãkohd{ zpdxmokd{ y {d`pm lc{ `c{m{ hm ld{ ãkohd{ e}klmokd{ &HEC y PEC/% Ckx}climexm, {m kdedkm i}y `ome ml xozd hm oexmpckkoûe s}m xomeme ld{ xûvokd{ me ld{ ãkohd{ e}klmo) kd{1 {oe mi`cpnd, ed {m {c`m i}kfd {d`pm lc gobckoûe hm ld{ xûvokd{ c zpdxméec{, c}es}m {m zome{c s}m hce l}ncp c oefo`okodem{ oefo`okodem{ meroiãxokc{ d c lc gdpickoûe hm zpdxméec{ clïpnmec{ s}m zpdh}km mgmk) xd{ xmpcxûnmed{% [o ml xûvokd {m pmxopc hml imhod, ml hcód zmp{o{xopã, m{xd {m xpch}km c s}m ed mvo{xm hd{o{ {}`xûvokc {mn}pc% Ld{ pmckxowd{ mlmkxpûgold{ xomeme s}m {mp ckxowchd{% Cln}ed{ mbmizld{ hm lc ckxowckoûe hm cnmexm{ mlmkxpûgold{, {de2 † Ld{ fohpdkcp`}pd{ cpdiãxokd{ {m ckxowce c eowml hml koxdkpdid Z8=: y gdpice np}zd{ mzûvo) hd{ s}m {de pmckxowd{ kde lc icydpéc hm np}zd{ e}klmûgold{, kdid ld{ pm{xd{ {}lgfohpold hm lc{ zpdxméec{% † Lc{ cioec{ {mk}ehcpoc{ y xmpkocpoc{, cl on}cl s}m lc{ cpdiãxokc{, {m ckxowce zdp E) eoxpd{ckoûe% Me ml imhod fcy i}kfd{ hmpowchd{ E)eoxpd{chd{ s}m ed {de xûvokd{, zmpd ml ode eoxpoxd me zpm{mekoc hm `ckxmpoc{ mehûnmec{ me imhod ãkohd y kde cioec{ {mk}ehcpoc{ d xmpkocpoc{ z}mhm hcp l}ncp c eoxpd{cioec{ kde mgmkxd{ kcekmpénmed{% † Ld{ eoxpdg}pced{ d cnmexm{ `ckxmpoced{ {m ckxowce gdpicehd }ec fohpdvolcioec s}m m{ lc m{) zmkom pmckxowc% [m gdpice c{é imxc`dloxd{ g}mpxmimexm g}mpxmimexm mlmkxpûgold{ k}yd{ mgmkxd{ xûvokd{ {de2 i}xcnïem{o{, kcpkoed) nïem{o{, xmpcxdnïem{o{, emkpd{o{ y cnpm{odem{ kml}lcpm{% Pchokclm{ lo`pm{% [c`mid{ s}m me lc icydp zcpxm hm lc{ idlïk}lc{ m{xc`lm{ lc{ }eodem{ mexpm hd{ ãxdid{ {m pmclorce zdp lc kdiòe zmpxmemekoc hm }e zcp hm mlmkxpdem{% K}cehd lc }eoûe {m pdizm, {o m{xc pdx}pc m{ fdidléxokc &kde kchc zcpxm hm lc idlïk}lc wc }e mlmkxpûe/, {m gdpice hd{ pchokclm{ lo`pm{ me zpm{me) koc hm ECHZF y koxdkpdid Z8=:% C 2 @ ← C¾ ! @¾
) 03 )
]ec pmckkoûe pchokclcpoc kde{xc hm wcpoc{ gc{m{ d mxczc{2 c/ Gc{m hm oeokockoûe% [m pdizm }e melckm cxûiokd y {m gdpice hd{ pchokclm{ lo`pm{2 PF ← P¾ ! F¾ P)E 9 E)P ← 0P¾ ! E0 `/ Gc{m hm zpdzcnckoûe% Ld{ pchokclm{ lo`pm{ {de g}mpxmimexm pmckxowd{, y z}mhme dponoecp e}mwd{ pchokclm{, me }ec pmckkoûe me kchmec d kc{kchc2 P¾ ! D0 ← PDD¾ &pchokcl zmpûvohd/ PDD¾ ! PF ← P¾ ! PDDF &fohpdzmpûvohd/ Ml fohpdzmpûvohd &PDDF/ z}mhm zpm{mexcp{m kdid pchokcl fohpdzmpûvohd & ¾PDDF/% k/ Gc{m hm xmpioeckoûe% Lc pmckkoûe pchokclcpoc {m z}mhm oexmpp}izop zdp wcpoc{ kc}{c{2 Oexmpckkoûe hm hd{ pchokclm{ lo`pm{ &gdpickoûe hm zdléimpd{/% Ld{ zdléimpd{ {de {}{xce) koc{ s}m hcóce ld{ lézohd{ hm lc imi`pcec, oeckxowce ld{ meroic{, y s}m me cln}ed{ kc) {d{ z}mhme zpdwdkcp lc i}mpxm kml}lcp d oekl}{d kãekmp% P¾ ! P¾ ← P)P mlmkxpdem{ xozd woxcioec M y K, @lds}md zdp pmckkoûe kde cln}ec {}{xcekoc kczxchdpc hm mlmkxpdem{ {mlmeod, nl}xcxoûe, cexodvohcexm{ cexodvohcexm{ {oexïxokd{, iceoxdl, mxk%, s}m oexmpp}izme ld{ zpdkm{d{ hm ûvohd)pmh}kkoûe zdp {mp ckmzxdpm{ hm mlmkxpdem{% P¾ ← P Kdi`oeckoûe hm hd{ pchokclm{ zmpdvold{% PDD¾ ! PDD¾ ← PDDP ! D0 Kdi`oeckoûe hm }e pchokcl lo`pm y }e zmpdvold% P¾ ! PDD¾ ← PDDP Ml xmxpckldp}pd hm kcp`ded m{ }e mbmizld xézokd hm vmed`oûxokd k}yc xdvokohch c}imexc cl {mp imxc`dlorchd% Zpm{}io`lmimexm Zpm{}io`lmimexm ml Kl8K {m kdizlmbc kde ml koxdkpdid Z8=:, y ml kdizlmbd m{ hm{fcldnmehd y pmh}kohd zdp lc koxdkpdid Z8=: pmh}kxc{c y ECHZF% Ml pchokcl lo`pm gdpichd &xpokldp}pd hm imxold, ¾Kl;K/ ed {ûld lm{odec cl fénchd, {oed xci`oïe c dxpd{ xmbohd{ kdid ml z}liûe% Ld{ imxced{ fcldnmechd{ &FKKl ;, Kl8K, @pKl;K, mxk%/ me zpm{mekoc hm iokpd{dic{ fmzãxokd{ y hm nl}xcxoûe gdpice ml nl}xcxodeol kcp`decxd, s}m hmxomem lc emkpd{o{ fmzãxokc%
Pchokclm{ lo`pm{ me ml imhod `odlûnokd &m{zmkom{ pmckxowc{ hm dvénmed/% Zcpc pmh}kop }ec idlïk}lc hm D 0 {m zpmko{ce 8 mlmkxpdem{1 k}cehd ed {m ho{zdem hm mlld{, d lc pmckkoûe ed m{ xdxcl, {m z}mhme gdpicp hmpowchd{ hml dvénmed hm npce pmckxowohch y xdvokohch {d`pm lc{ idlïk}lc{ `odlû) nokc{% Lc{ m{zmkom{ pmckxowc{ hm D0 {de i}y oizdpxcexm{ zdps}m c{mn}pce lc wohc goeoxc hm lc kïl}lc, m{ hm) kop, zcpxokozce me lc i}mpxm kml}lcp% c/ Gdpickoûe hml pchokcl ceoûe {}zmpûvohd &D)¾0/% Ml >=- hm m{xm pchokcl {m gdpic c zcpxop hm zpdkm{d{ s}m xomeme s}m wmp kde ml kdmeroic S d }`os}oedec, zpoekozclimexm me ml fénchd y kde zcpxokozckoûe hml ECHZF y ml koxdkpdid Z8=:% Dxpc gdpic hm zpdh}kop{m m{ zdp lc c}xddvohckoûe hml koxdkpdid Z8=:% M{xm koxdkpdid xomem }e ãxdid hm fomppd s}m {m dvohc gdpicehd ml pchokcl ceoûe {}zmpûvohd y lo`mpcehd {}{xpcxd% Lc xmpkmpc gdpic hm zpdh}kop{m m{ zdp lc c}xddvohckoûe hm lc dvofmidnld`oec% dvofmidnld`oec% Me m{xm kc{d xci) `oïe {m dvohc ml ãxdid hm fomppd hcehd l}ncp cl ceoûe {}zmpûvohd% `/ Gdpickoûe hml zmpûvohd hm fohpûnmed fohpûnmed &F0D0/% M{xc m{zmkom {m gdpic zdp lc ho{i}xckoûe hml pchokcl ceoûe {}zmpûvohd% [m z}mhm zpdh}kop hm gdpic m{zdexãemc d kcxclorchc zdp lc meroic {}zmpûvohd ho{i}xc{c1 me m{xm òlxoid kc{d {m gdp) ic }e {oenlmxm hm D 0 &3D0/% M{xc m{zmkom m{ i}y pmckxowc zdps}m me ml dp`oxcl idlmk}lcp mvxmped {m fce kde{mn}ohd czcpkcp hd{ mlmkxpdem{ y m{xd lm hc i}kfc pmckxowohch, yc s}m ed m{ {} m{) xchd fc`ox}cl% k/ Gdpickoûe hml pchokcl fohpdvold &FD¾/% Ml pchokcl fohpdvold m{ }ec hm lc{ m{zmkom{ iã{ pmckxowc{ s}m mvo{xme% [m gdpic c zcpxop hml pcho) kcl ceoûe {}zmpûvohd y hml zmpûvohd hm fohpûnmed% Me {} gdpickoûe xci`oïe zcpxokozc ml fomppd% Gpmexm c xdhc{ m{xc{ m{zmkom{ lc{ kïl}lc{ zd{mme wcpod{ imkceo{id{ hmgme{owd{ s}m {m z}mhme klc{ogokcp me meroiãxokd{ y ed meroiãxokd{2 Meroiãxokd{% Lc{ meroic{ oizlokchc{ {de, g}ehcimexclimexm2 kcxclc{c{, zmpdvohc{c{ y {}zmpûvohd ho{i}xc{c{ &[DH/% Lc{ kïl}lc{ cmpû`okc{ kdexomeme me lc ioxdkdehpoc d me ml koxd{dl wcpoc{ gdpic{ hm lc meroic [DH, s}m xpce{gdpic ml {}zmpûvohd me zmpûvohd hm fohpûnmed% Lc [DH z}mhm {mp oeh}kohc zdp mv) km{d hm pchokclm{ lo`pm{ y, me ld{ z}lidem{, zdp ml dvénmed fozmp`ãpokd1 zdp ml kdexpcpod, cln}ec{ {}{xcekoc{ {de oefo`ohdpc{ hm lc [DH, kdid ho{}lgopci, cioedxpocrdl, mxk% Lc [DH ckxòc me hd{ pm) ckkodem{2 me lc zpoimpc ml 3D0 ckxòc kdid cnmexm pmh}kxdp y me lc {mn}ehc kdid cnmexm dvohcexm% Lc{ meroic{ s}m mloioece ml zmpûvohd hm fohpûnmed {de lc{ kcxclc{c{ y zmpdvohc{c{% ) 00 )
Me ld{ zmpdvo{dic{ fcy kcxclc{c zcpc hm{kdizdemp ml cn}c dvonmechc me D 0 y F0D% Lc{ kcxclc{c{ {ûld pmckkodece kde ml F 0D01 {oe mi`cpnd, ed ld fckme kde ld{ fohpdzmpûvohd{ dpnãeokd{% Lc nl}xc) xoûe zmpdvohc{c &koxd{dl y ioxdkdehpoc/ pmckkodec kde cn}c dvonmechc y kde fohpdzmpûvohd{ dpnãeo) kd{% M{xc pmckkoûe emkm{oxc lc kdlc`dpckoûe hm lc meroic nl}xcxoûe xpce{gmpc{c, hml ECHZF y hm lc nl}kd{c)7)gd{gcxdhm{fohpdnmec{c% M{xc{ meroic{ {de ml imkceo{id hm hmgme{c hm zpoimpc léemc kml}lcp% Cl {mp meroic{ kde imxclm{ d imxcldohm{ me {} m{xp}kx}pc, xdhc{ lc{ {}{xcekoc{ s}m {mk}m{xpce imxclm{ d s}m clxmpme ml m{xchd hm m{xd{ imxclm{ wce c oefo`op m{xm zpdkm{d hm hmgme{c% Ed meroiãxokd{% Ld gdpice lc woxcioec K d ãkohd c{kûp`okd s}m m{ fohpd{dl}`lm y {m mek}mexpc me ml koxd{dl y lc woxc) ioec M d γ)xdkdgmpdl s}m m{ lozd{dl}`lm y {m mek}mexpc me lc{ imi`pcec{ d me ml zlc{ic% Lc woxcio) ec K ckxòc c eowml hm ld{ dbd{ &hdehm ed fcy {}zmpûvohd ho{i}xc{c/ y me ld{ gl}ohd{ s}m pdhmce ld{ clwïdld{ z}lidecpm{ &hdehm ed fcy kcxclc{c/% Ml γ)xdkdgmpdl hmxomem lc zmpdvohckoûe lozéhokc zdp imhod hm }e imkceo{id nl}xcxoûe hmzmehomexm% Xdhc{ lc{ gdpic{ ckxowchc{ hm dvénmed ckxòce zpmgmpmexmimexm dvohcehd g}mpxmimexm ld{ lézohd{ kml}lcpm{ &m{zmkoclimexm ld{ oe{cx}pchd{/ y xci`oïe ld{ kdiz}m{xd{ kde np}zd{ [F &nl}xcxoûe, mxk%/, oeokocehd ld s}m {m kdedkm kdid m{xpï{ dvohcxowd, s}m hc l}ncp c zpdkm{d{ oeglcicxdpod{ y koxdxûvokd{% Ml m{xpï{ dvohcxowd z}mhm ho{ioe}op kde cnmexm{ pmh}kxdpm{ cexodvohcexm{ y s}mlcexm{1 s}mlcexm{1 z}mhm c}imexcp, zdp ml kdexpcpod, k}ce) hd ed fcy {mlmeod d nl}xcxoûe%
) 0; )
XXMIC MIC 330% mckkodem{ ooei}eoxcpo ei}eoxcp oc occ{% {% 300%% P Pmckkodem{ C idhd nmempcl, lc g}ekoûe hml {o{xmic oei}eoxcpod kde{o{xm me hmgmehmp ml dpnceo{id hm cnpm{odem{ mvxmp) ec{ &wop}{, `ckxmpoc{, xûvokd{, mxk%/ d oexmpec{ &kïl}lc{ emdzlã{okc{, kdizlmbd{ c}xdppmckxowd{, mxk%/% @ã{okc) imexm, k}cehd llmnc }ec {}{xcekoc mvxpcóc, pmkdedkohc kdid cexénmed &Cn/, c e}m{xpd dpnceo{id {m hm{me) kchmec xdhc }ec {mpom hm pmckkodem{ s}m mizomrce kde }e pmkdedkoiomexd hml vmed`oûxokd zdp zcpxm hm ld{ loegdkoxd{, kczckm{ hm nmempcp }ec{ zpdxméec{ hmedioechc{ cexok}mpzd{ &Ck/ kczckm{ hm “l}kfcp’ kdexpc hokfc {}{xcekoc, imidporãehdlc y kpmcehd }ec pm{z}m{xc hmgme{owc kde ml goe hm kdexpdlcplc% Me lc koxchc }eoûe Cn)Ck {m z}mhm m{xoi}lcp d oefo`op }ec pm{z}m{xc% [o {m m{xoi}lc }ec pm{z}m{xc {m zpdh}) kme kïl}lc{ ohïexokc{ hml cexok}mpzd oewdl}kpchd &kldem{ hm cexok}mpzd/ c zcpxop hm kïl}lc{ zlc{iãxokc{ d zlc{idkoxd{% Zd{xmpodpimexm, ml cexok}mpzd imidporc ml cexénmed y hm{z}ï{ hm lc pmckkoûe w}mlwm c {} m{) xchd oeokocl zcpc s}m, c kdexoe}ckoûe, me dxpc pmckkoûe kde ml io{id cexénmed, {m pmoeokom lc pm{z}m{xc% K}cehd ml xûvokd d ml vmed`oûxokd czcpmkm me mlmwchc{ kdekmexpckodem{ me ml dpnceo{id d, hm on}cl idhd, czcpmkm me `cbc{ kdekmexpckodem{ hm gdpic zmp{o{xmexm me ml xomizd, z}mhm xmemp l}ncp }ec xdlmpcekoc oe) i}edlûnokc d, me cln}ed{ kc{d{, }ec zcpclorckoûe xdxcl hm lc pm{z}m{xc oei}em%
Kïl}lc{ y idlïk}lc{ oei}edlûnokc{% 3% Kïl}lc{ oei}edlûnokc{% oei}edlûnokc{% Kïl}lc{ loegdohm{% Loegdkoxd{ X% d Ld{ loegdkoxd{ X {m gdpice me lc iïh}lc û{mc y {m xpce{gdpice me ml xoid% Llmwce c kc`d lc oei}eohch m{zmkégokc% Kde{xox}yme ml >:- hm ld{ loegdkoxd{ kopk}ehcexm{% Icexomeme lc oei}eohch h}pcexm = cód{% Ed lo`mpce cexok}mp) zd{ y {} g}ekoûe m{ oefo`op d m{xoi}lcp c ld{ loegdkoxd{ @, chmiã{ hm mbmpkmp }ec kompxc ckkoûe koxdxûvokc {d`pm howmp{c{ kïl}lc{ hocec &kïl}lc{ oegmkxchc{ y x}idpclm{, g}ehcimexclimexm/% Loegdkoxd{ @% d Ld{ loegdkoxd{ @ ed zc{ce zdp ml xoid y, zdp ld xcexd, ed {m xpce{gdpice% Cl on}cl s}m ld{ loegdkoxd{ X, llmwce c kc`d ld{ zpdkm{d{ hm oei}eohch m{zmkégo) kc% [}zdeme ml ;:- hm ld{ loegdkoxd{ kopk}ehcexm{ y {ûld ml 0- hm mlld{ {de kczckm{ hm {mnpmncp cexok}mpzd{% Xomeme kczckohch imxc`ûlokc mexpm 3= héc{ y wcpod{ cód{% Kïl}lc{ A% d Xci`oïe kdedkohc{ kdid aollmp d c{m{oec{, lc{ kïl}lc{ A, {de npcehm{ m{) xp}kx}pc{ loegdohm{ kczckm{ hm zpdh}kop lo{o{ kml}lcp {d`pm kïl}lc{ oegmkxchc{% Kïl}lc{ EA% d Xci`oïe kdedkohc{ kdid ecx}pcl aollmp , lc{ kïl}lc{ EA {de loegdkoxd{ s}m ed hmzmehme hm cexok}mpzd{ y pmclorce }ec oei}eohch ed m{zmkégokc gpmexm c lc{ kïl}lc{ emdzlã{okc{, d `ome gpmexm c HEC clxmpchd, wop}{, mxk% Kïl}lc{ e}klmdohm{% Ickpûgcnd{% d Ld{ ickpûgcnd{ {de kïl}lc{ kczckm{ hm llmwcp c kc`d zpdkm{d{ hm g cndkoxd) {o{ imhocexm fohpûlo{o{ meroiãxokc% M{xãe m{xoi}lchd{ zdp ld{ loegdkoxd{ X% Kïl}lc{ hm Lcenmpfce{% d Lc{ kïl}lc{ hm Lcenmpfce{ {de kïl}lc{ mzoxmloclm{ s}m {m zpdh}kme me lc iïh}lc û{mc y s}m {de xpce{gdpichc{ me lc hmpio{ me kompxd{ m{xchd{ kc}) {cehd clmpnoc{ hm kdexckxd% Npce}ldkoxd{ zdloe}klmcpm{% zdloe}klmcpm{% d Ld{ npce}ldkoxd{ zdloe}klmcpm{ {de kïl}lc{ s}m zd{mme npãe}ld{ koxdxûvokd{ me {} oexmpodp% Mexpm mlld{ {m mek}mexpce ld{ em}xpûgold{, s}m ckxòce zdp gc) ndkoxd{o{, ld{ `c{ûgold{, s}m lo`mpce fo{xcioec y dxpd{ gckxdpm{ me ld{ zpdkm) {d{ oeglcicxdpod{, zpoekozclimexm, y ld{ md{oeûgold{, k}yc zpm{mekoc m{xã pm) lckodechc kde zpdkm{d{ clïpnokd{% Ic{xdkoxd{% d Ld{ ic{xdkoxd{ {de kïl}lc{ hm lc{ io{ic{ kcpckxmpé{xokc{ y g}ekodem{ s}m ld{ npce}ldkoxd{ `c{ûgold{, c}es}m hm icydp xcicód% Ed {m mek}mexpce me lc {cenpm, {oed me ml zlc{ic oexmp{xokocl, zpûvoid{ c ld{ wc{d{ {cen}éemd{%
) 08 )
0% Kdiz}m{xd{ oei}edlûnokd{ oei}edlûnokd{ {dl}`lm{ ed kml}lcpm{% Oei}ednld`}loec{ &On/% Oei}ednld`}loec{ Lc{ oei}ednld`}loec{ {de zpdxméec{ zlc{iãxokc{ zpdh}kohc{ zdp ld{ loegdkoxd{ @1 d g}ehcimexclimexm, {de cexok}mpzd{, m{xd m{, zpdxméec{ kczckm{ hm }eop{m m{zmkégo) kcimexm c ld{ cexénmed{, k}yc m{zmkogokohch hmzmehm hm {} kde{xox}koûe xpohoime) {odecl y hm ld{ cioedãkohd{ cioedãkohd{ s}m kdexomeme me {} m{xp}kx}pc% d [}mlme ho{xoen}op{m koekd o{dxozd{ ho{xoexd{ kde hogmpmexm g}ekodeclohch, c {c`mp2 OnN &ckxòc gpmexm c wop}{, `ckxmpoc{ y xûvokd{ me nmempcl/, OnC &zpm{mexm g}ehcimexcl) imexm me lc{ {mkpmkodem{ i}kd{c{1 m{ pm{zde{c`lm hm }ec hmgme{c zpmkdr zpdh}) kohc zdp }ec oegmkkoûe wépokc d `ckxmpocec/, OnI &{m gdpic kdid On hm imi`pcec ce) xm }e zpoimp kdexckxd kde }e vmed`oûxokd y {} g}ekoûe m{ hmpowcp me hogmpmexm{ cexo) k}mpzd{ pm{zde{c`lm{ hm lc pm{z}m{xc oei}em/, OnH &{m mek}mexpc g}ehcimexclime) g}ehcimexclime) xm me lc {}zmpgokom hm ld{ loegdkoxd{ @ kdid On hm imi`pcec1 me {} gdpic lo`pm me zlc{ic, {} g}ekoûe m{ hm{kdedkohc/ m OnM &czcpmkm gobchc {d`pm lc {}zmpgokom hm ld{ `c{ûgold{ y ld{ ic{xdkoxd{ y m{xã pmlckodechc kde kompxd{ zpdkm{d{ clïpnokd{/% Oexmplm}koec{ &OL/% Lc{ oexmplm}koec{, d oexmplm}s}oec{, {de zpdxméec{ zpdh}kohc{ zdp howmp{c{ kïl}lc{ d oei}edlûnokc{ s}m xomeme kdid g}ekoûe llmwcp c kc`d lc m{xoi}lckoûe hm zpdh}kkoûe hm loegdkoxd{ X, @ y lc zpdlogmpckoûe hm kïl}lc{ hm{hm lc iïh}lc û{mc% Zdp mbmizld, lc OL)0 zpdwdkc }e kpmkoiomexd c lcpnd zlcrd hm ld{ loegdkoxd{ X ckxowchd{ zdp hdecexm{ oei}eorchd{% [o{xmic hml kdizlmimexd% kdizlmimexd% Ml {o{xmic hml kdizlmimexd, d {oizlmimexm kdizlmimexd, m{ }e kdeb}exd hm }ec{ d 0:);: meroic{ y zpdxméec{ k}yc g}ekoûe m{ lc hm{npce}lckoûe hm ic{xdkoxd{, lo`mpc) koûe hm imhochdpm{, lo{o{ kml}lcp, pmk}`poiomexd hm kïl}lc{ mvxpcóc{ y `ckxmpoc{ zdp cexok}mpzd{ y ickpûgcnd{%
Imkceo{id{ oei}edlûnokd{ hm ckkoûe {d`pm ld{ vmed`oûxokd{% Me xïpioed{ hm Oei}edxdvokdldnéc, Oei}edxdvokdldnéc, zdhmid{ ho{xoen}op hogmpmexm{ gdpic{ hm ckx}cp hm ld{ vmed`oûxokd{2 O% Ml vmed`oûxokd xomem kdid kdid ûpnced hocec hocec ml {o{xmic oei}em oei}em &yc {mce {}{ ûpnced{ ûpnced{ d {}{ kïl}lc{ zmpo) zmpo) gïpokc{/, kde ld s}m {} g}ekoûe edpicl z}mhm pm{}lxcp c}imexchc d ho{ioe}ohc% Me ml zpoimp kc{d lc oei}edm{xoi}lckoûe z}mhm hm`mp{m c }ec zpdlogmpckoûe hm kïl}lc{, kde d {oe m{xoi}lckoûe me lc {ée) xm{o{ hm cexok}mpzd{% Me ml {mn}ehd kc{d, lc oei}edhmzpm{oûe m oekl}{d lc oei}ed{}zpm{oûe z}mhme hm`mp{m c s}m ml xûvokd mloioem zd`lckodem{ hm kïl}lc{, oizohc {} ich}pckoûe, d oefo`c hopmkxcime) xm c ld{ cexok}mpzd{% Mvo{xme c`}ehcexm{ kdiz}m{xd{ kde kczckohch oei}edhmzpm{dpc, kdid ld{ hmpowchd{ dpnãeokd{ d lc{ {clm{ oedpnãeokc{ hm Z`, Kh y Fn, xci`oïe lc z)hodvoec, ld{ zdlokldpdhogmeold{ y zdlo`pdidhogmeo) ld{, ml HHX, mxk% [m fc d`{mpwchd s}m lc mvzd{okoûe kpûeokc cl Z`0! hm{ckmlmpc lc {éexm{o{ hm cexo) k}mpzd{% [}{xcekoc{ kdid lc 7)impkczxdz}poec, cln}ed{ zlcn}okohc{, mxk%, xci`oïe zpdh}kme oei}) edhmzpm{oûe% OO% Ml vmed`oûxokd ckxòc kdid cexénmed d kdid fczxmed, hm{mekchmecehd ld s}m {m kdedkm kdid clmp) noc d fozmp{me{o`olohch% Me mllc {m ho{xoen}me xpm{ gc{m{2 3/ gc{m hm pmkdedkoiomexd hml vmed`oûxokd, 0/ gc{m hm pm{z}m{xc y zpdh}kkoûe hm mgmkxdpm{, y ;/ gc{m hm pmckkoûe Cn)Ck y zpdh}kkoûe hm mgmk) xd{% Me dkc{odem{, ml vmed`oûxokd z}mhm ckx}cp hopmkxcimexm hopmkxcimexm kdid cexénmed d, me dxpd{ kc{d{, kdid fczxmed s}m, }eoïehd{m kdwclmexmimexm c zpdxméec{ hml oehowoh}d pmkmzxdp, gdpic }e kdizlmbd zpd) xmokd s}m m{ kde{ohmpchd kdid mvxpcód zdp ml dpnceo{id% Ld{ fczxmed{ {de np}zd{ s}éiokd{ hmgoeo) hd{, hm zms}mód xcicód, s}m zdp {é io{id{ {de oekczckm{ hm hm{mekchmecp }ec pm{z}m{xc oei}) em &m{ hmkop, ed {de oei}eûnmed{/, oei}eûnmed{/, zmpd s}m }eohd{ kdwclmexmimexm kdwclmexmimexm c }ec idlïk}lc zdpxchdpc &“kc) ppomp’/ {m kdizdpxce kdid oei}eûnmed% oei}eûnmed% Lc{ pmckkodem{ clïpnokc{ {m howohme kdewmekodeclimexm me k}cxpd xozd{% Ld{ xpm{ zpoimpd{ xozd{ {m hm{cppdllce zdp cexok}mpzd{ kopk}lcexm{, iomexpc{ s}m ml k}cpxd m{xã imhochd zdp ml cxcs}m hm kïl}) lc{ zpdzoc{ c lc idlïk}lc cexonïeokc% Me lc fozmp{me{o`olohch hm xozd O ld{ cexok}mpzd{ OnM y, c wmkm{, OnN {m gobce c lc {}zmpgokom hm ld{ ic{xdkoxd{, ld{ k}clm{ lo`mpce ld{ imhochdpm{ clickmechd{ me {}{ npãe}ld{% K}cehd cexénmed{ kd) id zûlmem{ hm ãp`dlm{, kcidiolc, ãkcpd{, cln}ed{ cloimexd{ &kfdkdlcxm, choxowd{ cloimexcpod{, mxk%/, imhokcimexd{ kdid ml ãkohd ckmxol{clokélokd, lc{ zmeokoloec{, lc{ {}lgciohc{, cln}ed{ cexofo{xciéeo) kd{, howmp{d{ zpdh}kxd{ oeh}{xpoclm{, ld{ kdldpcexm{ hocrûokd{, mxk%, {m }eme cl imed{ c hd{ idlïk}) lc{ hm OnM m{zmkégokd zcpc kchc }ed, lonchd{ c lc imi`pcec hm }e ic{xdkoxd, {m zpdh}km lc lo`mpc) koûe hm ld{ imhochdpm{% M{xd {m pmclorc {oe lo{o{ kml}lcp, imhocexm }e zpdkm{d `ods}éiokd hm gdpic) koûe hm zpd{xcnlcehoec{ y c}imexd hm lc zmpimc`olohch kml}lcp%
) 0= )
Ld{ zpoekozclm{ imhochdpm{ s}éiokd{ s}m {m lo`mpce {de, g}ehcimexclimexm2 fo{xcioec &zpdh}km c}imexd hm lc {mkpmkoûe i}kd{c, kdexpckkoûe hml iò{k}ld lo{d, mxk%/, {mpdxdeoec, fmzcpoec, kclokpmé) ec, `pchokoeoec, zpd{xcnlcehoec{, xpdi`dvced{ y lm}kdxpomed{% Xdhd{ m{xd{ imhochdpm{ kdexpo`}yme c lc czcpokoûe hm zpdkm{d{ oeglcicxdpod{ oexmped{ y mvxmped{, oe{}gokomekoc pm{zopcxdpoc zdp `pdekd) kde{xpokkoûe y mekfcpkciomexd z}lidecp, clxmpckodem{ hm lc idxolohch oexm{xoecl, ld k}cl, }eohd cl mv) km{d hm zmpimc`olohch, zpdwdkc hocppmc{, cgmkxckodem{ empwod{c{ kmexpclm{ y zmpogïpokc{ kde hdldp y zokdp, fmiûlo{o{, mxk% Me ml kc{d iã{ npcwm, lc fozmp{me{o`olohch hm xozd O z}mhm hm{mekchmecp ml hm) edioechd {fdka cecgolãkxokd, s}m z}mhm llmncp c {mp idpxcl% Lc {oexdicxdldnéc hm m{xc pmckkoûe oeimhocxc c lc c`{dpkoûe hml cexénmed cl s}m m{xã {me{o`olorchd kde{o{xm me }ec npcwm hogok}lxch pm{) zopcxdpoc kde{mk}mexm cl m{zc{id `pdes}ocl y }e mhmic hm nldxo{ ckdizcóchd hm fozdxme{oûe1 chmiã{, m{ gpmk}mexm lc czcpokoûe hm mhmic{ c eowml hm lc kcpc, }pxokcpoc, hdldpm{ c`hdioeclm{, {}) hdpckoûe y {me{ckoûe hm cen}{xoc% Lc i}mpxm z}mhm {d`pmwmeop me zdkd{ ioe}xd{% Lc fozmp{me{o`olohch hm xozd OO m{ lc kdedkohc clmpnoc koxdxûvokc% Me m{xm kc{d, ld{ cexénmed{ {m }eme c cexok}mpzd{ lo`pm{ hm xozd OnM m OnI, g}ehcimexclimexm% Me m{xm kc{d, m{xc{ oei}ednld`}lo) ec{ m{xãe hoponohc{ kdexpc cexénmed{ zpdzod{ zpm{mexm{ me lc{ imi`pcec{ kml}lcpm{% C{é, {m gobce {d`pm }ec hmxmpioechc kïl}lc s}m, xpc{ lc zpdh}kkoûe hm cexok}mpzd{% M{xc{ pmckkodem{ {}mlme d`) {mpwcp{m me ld{ nlû`}ld{ pdbd{, em}xpûgold{ y zlcs}mxc{% [}{ {éexdic{ zpoekozclm{ {de cemioc fmidlé) xokc c}xdoei}em, em}xpdzmeoc y xpdi`dkoxdzmeoc% Lc{ {}{xcekoc{ s}m ckxòce kdid cexénmed{ {}mlme {mp cln}ed{ cexondxd{d{ &cldz}poedl/, cln}ed{ cexomzolïzxokd{ &fohcexdéec/, imhokcimexd{ pmlckodec) hd{ kde lc pogcizokoec, mxk% Dxpc klc{m hm pmckkoûe clïpnokc, kdedkohc kdid fozmp{me{o`olohch hm xozd OOO, kde{o{xm me }ec zpm) kozoxckoûe hm kdizlmbd{ gdpichd{ gdpichd{ zdp ml cexénmed y ld{ cexok}mpzd{ OnM m OnN, kde lc kdlc`dpckoûe hm lc{ zpmkozoxoec{, zpdxméec{ &cexok}mpzd{, me e}impd{d{ kc{d{/ kczckm{ hm zpmkozoxcp oei}edkdizlm) oei}edkdizlm) bd{% Zcpmkm s}m lc pmckkoûe oeimhocxc hm xozd O, cl c}imexcp lc zmpimc`olohch hm lc imi`pcec, gckolo) xc ml zc{d hm cexénmed{ cl oexmpodp hm ld{ ûpnced{, hdehm {m zpdh}km lc pmckkoûe hm xozd OOO kde zpmko) zoxckoûe hm kdizlmbd{ oei}em{ me lc{ imi`pcec{ mehdxmloclm{% mehdxmloclm{% M{xd{ kdizlmbd{ zpdwdkce koxdlo{o{ y lc d`{xp}kkoûe hm zms}mód{ wc{d{, s}m pmwo{xme m{zmkocl {oneogokchd me ml nldiïp}ld pmecl% Ld{ {ée) xdic{ hm m{xc pmckkoûe {de, `ã{okcimexm, clwmdloxo{, fo{xdlo{o{ y d`{xp}kkoûe wc{k}lcp% Ld{ zpoekozclm{ zpoekozclm{ kc}{cexm{ hm m{xc{ pmckkodem{ {}mlme {mp hmpowchd{ lckxãiokd{ y cln}ed{ fmidhmpowchd{% Lc fozmp{me{o`olohch hm xozd OW xomem ml kcpãkxmp hm fozmp{me{o`olohch pmxcphchc d kml}lcp % M{ }ec pmckkoûe imhochc zdp loegdkoxd{ X m{zmkégokcimexm {me{o`olorchd{% G}ehcimexclimexm, {m zpdh}km }ec ckxowckoûe m{zmkégokc hm m{xd{ loegdkoxd{ s}m kdeh}km c }e mvkm{d hm zpdh}kkoûe hm koxds}oec{ m oeh}km zpdkm{d{ hm oeglcickoûe, koxûlo{o{ y }e hcód xo{}lcp kde{ohmpc`lm, llmncehd c emkpd{o{ ldkcl d {fdka {o{xïiokd% M{xm xozd hm pmckkoûe womem zpdwdkchc zdp kdiz}m{xd{ kdid oe{}loec, zmeokoloec{, zpdkcéec, mxk%
XXMIC MIC 33;% ;% GGm me ûimed{ hhm m ooefo`okoûe, efo`okoûe, cckxowckoûe kxowckoûe m ooeh}kkoûe eh}kkooûe ûe mmeroiãxokc% eroiãxokc% meeûimed{ oeh}kk E}impd{d{ vmed`oûxokd{ z}mhme zpdh}kop gmeûimed{ hm oefo`okoûe d, zdp ml kdexpcpod, hm m{xoi}lckoûe hm hogmpmexm{ imkceo{id{ meroiãxokd{, s}m {m iceogom{xce zd{xmpodpimexm kdid oizdpxcexm{ idhogokckodem{ imxc`ûlokc{ m oekl}{d hml m{xchd hm {cl}h hml oehowoh}d% Lc m{xoi}lckoûe meroiãxokc z}mhm hcp{m zdp c}imexd hm lc wmldkohch hm lc pmckkoûe d zdp c}imexd hm lc {éexm{o{ hm meroic% K}cehd {m mek}mexpc iã{ hm }ec {}{xcekoc me ml imhod, z}mhm idhogokcp{m lc xdvokohch hm m{xd{ kdiz}m{xd{% C{é, k}cehd ml mgmkxd zpdh}kohd m{ on}cl c lc {}ic hm ld{ mgmkxd{ oehowoh}clm{ hm kchc }ec hm m{xc{ {}{xcekoc{ {m fc`lc hm oexmpckkoûe choxowc% Zdp dxpc zcpxm, {o ml mgmkxd zpdh}kohd m{ icydp s}m ld{ mgmkxd{ oehowoh}clm{, {m fc`lc hm {oempno{id1 zdp mbmizld, ml KKl 8 oekpmimexc lc xdvokohch fmzãxokc hml mxcedl% Zdp òlxoid, {m fc`lc hm zdxmekockoûe k}cehd {m d`xomem }e hmpowchd xûvokd c zcpxop hm }ec {}{) xcekoc s}m ed m{ xûvokc% Cln}ec{ {}{xcekoc{ z}mhme ho{ioe}op lc xdvokohch zdp cexcndeo{id% Me m{xm {mexo) hd, zdhmid{ ho{xoen}op wcpod{ xozd{ hm cexcndeo{id{2 Cexcndeo{id s}éiokd ← Czcpmkm k}cehd hd{ kdiz}m{xd{ pmckkodece mexpm {é y ml hmpowchd d`xmeo) hd m{ imed{ xûvokd% Mbmizld2 imxclm{ zm{chd{ me zpm{mekoc hm hoimpkczpdl &s}mlcexm/% &s}mlcexm/% Cexcndeo{id g}ekodecl ← Fckm pmgmpmekoc c {}{xcekoc{ kde mgmkxd{ kdexpcpod{ gpmexm c }e io{id zcpãimxpd go{odlûnokd% Mbmizld2 {}{xcekoc{ {}{xcekoc{ m{xoi}lcexm{ y hmzpm{dpc{ hml [EK% Cexcndeo{id kdizmxoxowd ← Czcpmkm k}cehd hd{ {}{xcekoc{ xomeme cgoeohch zdp ml io{id pmkmzxdp, zmpd ci`c{ xomeme mgmkxd{ kdexpcpod{, kdid m{ ml kc{d hm cndeo{xc{ y cexcndeo{xc{% Cexcndeo{id ed kdizmxoxowd ← Czcpmkm k}cehd howmp{c{ {}{xcekoc{ `lds}mce ml mgmkxd hm dxpc{ {oe }eop{m cl io{id pmkmzxdp% Mbmizld2 lc cxpdzoec pmh}km lc xdvokohch hm ld{ oefo`ohdpm{ hm lc ckmxolkdlo) em{xmpc{c zmpd ed {m }em c m{xc {oed s}m {m }em c ld{ pmkmzxdpm{ hm lc ckmxolkdloec%
) 07 )
Oefo`okoûe meroiãxokc% Lc{ wmldkohchm{ hm lc{ pmckkodem{ meroiãxokc{ {m z}mhme oefo`op zdp hd{ imkceo{id{2 3/ kdizoxomehd kde ml {}{xpcxd zdp ml pmkmzxdp, d 0/ m{xoi}lcehd }ec ckxowohch ckxowohch dpnãeokc kdexpcpoc c lc oeh}kohc zdp ml xûvokd, zcpc s}m ce}lm d {}zmpm ï{xc% Hmh}koid{, z}m{, s}m fc`pã hd{ xozd{ hm oefo`okoûe, lc kdizmxoxowc y lc ed kdizmxoxowc% Ld{ oefo`ohdpm{ kdizmxoxowd{ {de ld{ s}m ckxòce {d`pm ml io{id pmkmzxdp s}m ml {}{xpcxd, kdi) zoxomehd kde ïl, hm gdpic s}m zpmwclmkmpã ml s}m {m fcllm me icydp kcexohch d ml s}m xmenc }ec icydp cgoeohch zdp lc meroic1 me lc icydpéc hm ld{ kc{d{, ml pm{}lxchd {mpã g}ekoûe hm lc{ kdekmexpckodem{ pm{zmkxowc{% Ml oefo`ohdp kdizmxoxowd z}mhm `lds}mcp ml pmkmzxdp cexm{ hm s}m ld fcnc ml {}{xpcxd, d hm{zlcrcp c ï{xm hm {} }eoûe, oexmpp}izomehd {} ckkoûe% Zdp {} zcpxm, ml oefo`ohdp ed kdizmxoxowd ed ckxòc {d`pm ml io{id pmkmzxdp s}m ml {}{xpcxd {oed me ml {oxod cld{xïpokd hml meroic d me lc m{xp}kx}pc xpohoime{od) ecl Cln}ed{ hm lc oefo`ohdpm{ zpdxméec% {de idlïk}lc{ dpnãeokc{ s}m zdp {} kdegon}pckoûe m{xmpdo{ûimpc `lds}mce ml {oxod ckxo) wd hml meroic% Xci`oïe z}mhme {mp imxclm{ s}m `lds}mce ld{ np}zd{ {}lgfohpold hml meroic y ld{ oeckxowce, d `ome {}{xcekoc{ s}m kdz}lce kde imxclm{ hml meroic, m{xm m{ ml kc{d hm ld{ koxdkpdid{ pm{zopcxdpod{, lc {}zmpûvohd ho{i}xc{c y lc nl}xcxoûe dvohc{c% Ckxowckoûe meroiãxokc% Cln}ec{ meroic{ {m ckxowce zdp imhod hm }e zpmk}p{dp s}m m{ oeckxowd y zpmwoc fohpûlo{o{ hce l}ncp c s}m hokfc{ meroic{ xmence ckxowohch zpdzoc, kdid m{ ml kc{d hm lc{ gd{gdlozc{c{, s}m fohpdlorce gd{gdlézohd{% C{oio{id, lc ckxowckoûe xci`oïe z}mhm hcp{m zdp gd{gdpolckoûe, me m{xm kc{d {m oexpdh}km }e np}zd gd{gdpold c }e cioedãkohd &ï{xm cc z}mhm {mp Xfp d Xyp/ y lc ckxowckoûe hm ï{xm zpdwdkc }ec {mpom hm kci`od{ me lc zpdxméec pm{zmkxd c ld{ melckm{ s}m zd{mm, ckxowãehdlc% Lc ckxowohch meroiãxokc z}mhm oefo`op{m k}cehd hm{czcpmkme m{xd{ np}zd{ gd{gdpold% Cln}ed{ odem{ howclmexm{ &@c0!, [p 0!, mxk%/ z}mhme {}{xox}op c ld{ odem{ howclmexm{ zpdzod{ hm lc{ meroic{ `lds}mcehd c{é lc ckxowohch meroiãxokc% C lc wmr, ld{ np}zd{ xodlm{ hm ld{ meroic{ {de cnmexm{ pmh}kxdpm{ s}m oizohme lc {}{xox}koûe hm m{xd{ odem{ howclmexm{% Lc{ {clm{ hm cl}ioeod, kclkod d icnem{od, pchockodem{ odeorcexm{, odeorcexm{, kcizd{ icneïxokd{ y dxpd xozd hm {}{xce) koc{ ckxowce lc{ kdloem{xmpc{c{% Me cln}ed{ kc{d{, lc ckxowohch meroiãxokc m{xã kdexpdlchc zdp zpdxméec{ pmn}lchdpc{% M{xc{ zpdxméec{ kci`oce {} m{xp}kx}pc k}cehd chokodece ml ode Kc 0!, ckxowcehd ml meroic% Zdp mbmizld, lc kclidh}loec {m ckxowc kde k}cxpd odem{ Kc 0!, gdpicehd lc kclkods}oec{c1 ï{xc m{ kczcr hm gd{gdpolcp pm{xd{ hm {mpoec &[mp/ y xpmdeoec &Xfp/ g}ehcimexclm{ me lc gdpickoûe hml koxdm{s}mlmxd% Cln}ec{ meroic{ z}mhme ckxowcp{m zdp imhochdpm{ oexpckml}lcpm{ kdid CIZk d NIZk1 ci`d{ {m mek}mexpce me lc {}zmpgokom kml}lcp y idhogokce ld{ melckm{ hm lc zpdxméec ckxowcehd lc meroic% Zdp m{xm imkceo{id {m ckxowce lc chmed{oec s}oec{c y lc n}ced{oec s}oec{c, imhocexm lc xpce{gmpmekoc hm }e np}zd gd{gcxd xmpioecl hml CXZ d hml NXZ% Lc chmed{oec s}oec{c ckxowc lc meroic nl}kûnmed gd{gdpolc{c y lo`mpc nl}kd{c hml nl}kû) nmed% Ld{ zpoekozclm{ imhochdpm{ imhochdpm{ oexpckml}lcpm{ {de ml CIZk y ld{ eowmlm{ hm Kc 0! oexpckml}lcpm{% Oeh}kkoûe meroiãxokc% Lc oeh}kkoûe dk}ppm k}cehd }e vmed`oûxokd d }ed hm {}{ imxc`dloxd{ `lds}mc ml nme pmzpm{dp s}m kdexpdlc cl dzmpchdp pm{zde{c`lm hm lc {éexm{o{ hml meroic1 {m zpdh}km c{é icydp eòimpd hm idlïk}lc{ hml meroic y, kde{mk}mexmimexm, kde{mk}mexmimexm, icydp ckxowohch nld`cl hm ï{xc% C zcpxop hm cs}é, z}mhme dk}ppop hd{ kd{c{2 s}m c}imexm ml imxc`dlo{id hml vmed`oûxokd, d s}m me ml imxc`dlo{id {m nmempm }e hmpowchd iã{ xûvokd s}m ml dponoecl y, zdp xcexd, c}imexm {} xdvokohch% Klc{ogokckoûe hm ld{ oeh}kxdpm{ meroiãxokd{2 meroiãxokd{2 Xozd gmed`cp`oxcl% [de {}{xcekoc{ s}m c}imexce ml eòimpd hm kïl}lc{ me ml dpnceo{id, c}imexce ml xcicód y zm{d hml fénchd m oekpmimexce lc ckxowohch meroiãxokc hml PM lo{d, m{zmkoclimexm m{zmkoclimexm c eowml hml {o{xmic koxd) kpdid Z8=:% [}{xcekoc{ s}m ckxòce c{é {de, chmiã{ hml gmed`cp`oxcl y cln}ed{ kdiz}m{xd{ pmlc) kodechd{, ld{ fohpdkcp`}pd{ clogãxokd{ y kompxd{ hmpowchd{ hml KKl8% Xozd fohpdkcp`}pd{ zdlokéklokd{ &FKZ/% Ed c}imexce me npce imhohc ml eòimpd kml}lcp, zdp ld xcexd xcizdkd c}imexce ml xcicód eo ml zm) {d hml fénchd, eo lc ckxowohch meroiãxokc hml PM lo{d% Pm{zmkxd c lc oeh}kkoûe meroiãxokc, z}mhme cgmkxcp c }ec npce wcpomhch hm meroic{% M{xd{ kdiz}m{xd{ oefo`me lc ckkoûe hm ld{ oeh}kxdpm{ xozd gmed`cp`oxcl y chmiã{ gcwdpmkme lc gdp) ickoûe hm imxc`dloxd{ kcpkoeûnmed{% Zcpc s}m xmenc l}ncp lc oeh}kkoûe m{ emkm{cpod s}m m{xïe me kdexckxd zpdldenchd ml oeh}kxdp y ml ûpnced hocec &mexpm }ec y hd{ {micec{ hm kdexckxd/% Me ml idimexd me s}m hm{czcpmkm ml oeh}kxdp, hm{czcpmkm ml mgmkxd% Lc{ {}{xcekoc{ d oeh}kxdpm{ s}m {o) n}me m{xm idhmld {de ld{ kdiz}m{xd{ kdiz}m{xd{ hogmeolzdlokldpchd{, ld{ koxdkdldpcexm{ y lc{ hodvoec{% Ld{ oeh}kxdpm{, me nmempcl, {}mlme {mp {}{xcekoc{ lozd{dl}`lm{1 mexpm mlld{ {m z}mhme hcp gmeûimed{ hm chokoûe y zdxmekockoûe hm mgmkxd{%
) 0> )
XXMIC MIC 338% dloidp g g o{id{ nnmeïxokd{ meïxokd{ yy xxdvokohch% dvokohch% 388%% ZZdloidpgo{id{ [de i}kfd{ ld{ gckxdpm{ s}m z}mhme clxmpcp lc mvzpm{oûe hm lc xdvokohch, kdid ld{ gckxdpm{ ci`omexclm{, ml m{xold hm wohc, lc homxc, gckxdpm{ zpdzod{ hml oehowoh}d &mhch, {mvd, m{xchd zcxdlûnokd, mxk%/, ld{ imhokcime) xd{, zmpd {de ld{ gckxdpm{ nmeïxokd{ ld{ s}m zpm{mexce icydp oizdpxcekoc yc s}m m{xd{ {de zmph}pc`lm{ y zpdwdkce mexpm {é npcehm{ hogmpmekoc{ mexpm ld{ oehowoh}d{ hm }ec io{ic zd`lckoûe% ]e xûvokd ckxòc {d`pm }e ûpnced hocec kc}{cehd }e hmxmpioechd mgmkxd `odlûnokd y k}cehd ld{ imkceo{id{ hm pmzcpckoûe hm m{xm mgmkxd {de mvcnmpchd{, z}mhm xmemp l}ncp }ec pmckkoûe chwmp{c% Me m{xm kc{d ml zd) loidpgo{id nmeïxokd oegl}ym hm hogmpmexm gdpic me kchc oehowoh}d% Ml zdloidpgo{id nmeïxokd {m z}mhm hmgoeop kdid }e xozd hm wcpockoûe nïeokc me lc s}m kdmvo{xme oehowoh}d{ kde kcpckxmpé{xokc{ i}y hogmpmexm{ kdid iomi`pd{ edpiclm{ hm }ec zd`lckoûe% ]e nme i}xcexm z}mhm {mp `memgokod{d y {mp {mlmkkodechd hmexpd hm lc zd`lckoûe, {oe mi`cpnd, zcpc {c`mp {o m{xd fc dk}ppohd, hm`me zc{cp iolm{ hm cód{ y c}e c{é m{ hogékol {c`mp {o pmclimexm {m fc {mlmkkodechd ml nme d {oizlmimexm m{xã me }ec gc{m xpce{oxdpoc% Ld{ zdloidpgo{id{ nmeïxokd{ z}mhme ohmexogokcp{m zdp xïkeokc{ oei}edlûnokc{, mlmkxpdgdpïxokc{ d `ods}éio) kc{% Fdy me héc, m{xãe i}y `ome ohmexogokchd{ ld{ zdloidpgo{id{ hm ld{ np}zd{ {cen}éemd{, hm lc{ meroic{ mpoxpdkoxcpoc{, hm lc{ zpdxméec{ zlc{iãxokc{ y hm ld{ cexénmed{ hm fo{xdkdizcxo`olohch% fo{xdkdizcxo`olohch% M{xd m{ i}y oizdpxce) xm me lc{ xpce{g}{odem{ y me ld{ xpce{zlcexm{% Xci`oïe mvo{xm zdloidpgo{id nmeïxokd me meroic{ s}m z}mhme cgmkxcp cl imxc`dlo{id hm ld{ vmed`oûxokd{, ld s}m s}ompm hmkop s}m }ec òeokc zd`lckoûe z}mhm xmemp hogmpme) xm{ gmedxozd{ &{}`np}zd{ nmeïxokd{/ kczckm{ hm dponoecp ho{xoexc{ pmckkodem{ `ods}éiokc{ gpmexm }e io{id cnmexm xûvokd% Ml zdloidpgo{id z}mhm mvzpm{cp{m me ml ãi`oxd hml imxc`dlo{id d me ml ãi`oxd hm ld{ xmbohd{2 o% Hogmpmekoc{ nmeïxokc{ s}m cgmkxce cl imxc`dlo{id% Lc wcpoc`olohch oexmpoehowoh}cl me lc kczckohch hm imxc`dlorcp {}{xcekoc{ xûvokc{ {d`pm }ec io{ic zd`lckoûe hmzmehm hm lc ecx}pclmrc y hm lc kcexohch meroiãxokc zpm{mexm me ml dpnceo{id, `ome zdp fmpmekoc d `ome zdp oeh}kkoûe hopmkxc% Lc{ pmckkodem{ s}m {m z}mhme zpdh}kop {de2 ckmxolckoûe, fohpûlo{o{, K)fohpdvolckoûe, E)dvohckoûe y nl}k}pdeckoûe% M{xãe i}y `ome ohmexogokchd{ ld{ zdloidpgo{id{ nmeïxokd{ kde{mk}mekoc hm pmckkod) em{ hm kdeb}nckoûe kde cioedãkohd{ y nl}xcxoûe, {}lgcxckoûe y pmh}kkoûe% Ld{ kci`od{ nmeïxokd{ s}m xomeme l}ncp me lc{ meroic{ {de xci`oïe i}y cizlod{% Cgmkxce c hm{) fohpdnmec{c{, fohpdnmec{c{, kcxclc{c{, xpcegmpc{c{, mxk%, {omehd lc{ iã{ oizdpxcexm{ cs}mllc{ cs}mllc{ s}m fckme pmgmpme) koc c lc E)ckmxolxpce{gmpc{c y cl koxdkpdid Z8=:% Ld{ oehowoh}d{ s}m kcpmkme hm imxc`dlo{id zdloidpgd {de ld{ iã{ {}{kmzxo`lm{ gpmexm c lc oexdvokc) koûe% K}cehd fcy }ec {}{xcekoc s}m oeckxowc m{xm imxc`dlo{id me }e {}bmxd edpicl, {m fc`lc hm }e oehowoh}d gmedkdzochd% Me ld{ kc{d{ hdehm m{xm imxc`dlo{id m{ hmgokomexm {m z}mhm kpmcp }ec wéc clxmpecxowc hm hmxdvogokckoûe hdehm {m fc kpmchd }e imxc`dloxd pmckxowd% Me m{xm kc{d ld{ oehowoh}d{ hmgokomexm{ {de ld{ iã{ {}{kmzxo`lm{ hm {}gpop }ec oexdvokckoûe% Xci`oïe {m z}mhm hcp }e kc{d me ml s}m ml imxc`dloxd xûvokd czcpmrkc nmempchd zdp }e meroic zdloidpgd1 mexdekm{, ld{ oehowoh}d{ edp) iclm{ {de ld{ iã{ {}{kmzxo`lm{ hm oexdvokckoûe% Kde pmlckoûe c lc meroic E)ckmxolxpce{gmpc{c, kchc oehowoh}d zd{mm }e gmedxozd ckmxolchdp, g}ehc) imexclimexm pmlckodechd kde lc o{dgdpic fmzãxokc% Me g}ekoûe hm m{xd mvo{xme ld{ ckmxolchdpm{ lme) xd{ y pãzohd{% Ld{ lmexd{ zpm{mexce icydp pom{nd xdvokdlûnokd me g}ekoûe hm ld{ vmed`oûxokd{% Zdp mbmizld, }e oehowoh}d ckmxolchdp lmexd, me zpm{mekoc hm o{deocrohc y gmeoxdéec, hm`ohd c s}m zpm{mexc hmgokomekoc me ml {o{xmic meroiãxokd dvohcxowd, c}imexc lc kcexohch hm gmeoxdéec s}m ed {m z}mhm fohpdvolcp, zpdh}komehd zpd`lmic{ hm em}pdxdvokohch% Chmiã{, lc o{deocrohc {m fohpdvolc c oexmpim) hocpod{ iã{ pmckxowd{, kdid {de lc fohpcroec y ckmxolfohpcroec, s}m hm`ohd c lc hmgokomekoc hml {o{xm) ic meroiãxokd dvohcxowd, ed {m z}mhme mloioecp kc}{cehd zpd`lmic{ hm fmzcxdxdvokohch% [o chmiã{ ml oehowoh}d s}m zpm{mexc m{xc ckmxolckoûe lmexc {m mek}mexpc me }e ci`omexm lc`dpcl me zpm{mekoc hm cioec{ cpdiãxokc{, hm`ohd cl hïgokox hm meroic{ dvohcxowc{, lc{ cioec{ ed {m z}mhme mloioecp, z}homehd zpdwdkcp }e kãekmp hm wmbonc% Dxpd xozd hm imxc`dlo{id c{dkochd cl zdloidpgo{id nmeïxokd m{ ml pmlcxowd cl koxdkpdid Z8=:, m{ hm) kop, cl {o{xmic dvohcxowd iokpd{ûiokd% M{xc{ meroic{ hm imi`pcec {m kcpckxmporce zdp zd{mmp }e np}zd fmid, y {m mek}mexpce me lc ioxdkdehpoc y me ml PM lo{d% M{xãe pmlckodechd{ kde ECHZF y pms}ompme D0 zcpc dvohcp cl {}{xpcxd% M{xm {o{xmic m{ {me{o`lm hmzmehomehd hm lc m{zmkom, hm lc mhch, hm lc{ kdehokodem{ ci`omexclm{ y hm lc cloimexckoûe% Hm gdpic nmempcl, {o }e oehowoh}d zpm) {mexc }e zdloidpgo{id s}m gcwdpmkm lc ckxowohch hml koxdkpdid Z8=:, lc kczckohch dvohcxowc hml io{id z}mhm oekpmimexcp lc xdvokohch hm e}impd{d{ kdiz}m{xd{ &lc{ {}{xcekoc{ dvohchc{ {}mlme {mp xûvokc{ zcpc ml dpnceo{id y, me dkc{odem{, hogékolm{ hm mloioecp/%
) 06 )
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Hogmpmekoc{ nmeïxokc{ me {me{o`olohch cl xmbohd% Me m{xm np}zd {de oizdpxcexm{ lc{ xclc{mioc{, s}m {de cemioc{ fmpmhoxcpoc{, hm xozd fmidléxokd, c{dkochc{ c lc pcrc, lc gcioloc y c lc dpomexckoûe imhoxmppãemc% Lc{ xclc{mioc{ {de cedicléc{ hm lc kchmec zdlozmzxéhokc γ, ΰ û θ hm lc fmidnld`oec% @ã{okcimexm, fcy hd{ xozd{ hm xclc{mioc{2 nl}kd{c)7)gd{gcxd hm{fohpdnmec{c% Cemioc fmidléxokc hm`ohc c hïgokox hm nl}kd{c)7)gd{gcxd M{xc cemioc m{xã pmlckodechc kde ml kpdid{dic V y, me lc icydpéc hm ld{ kc{d{, ld{ wcpd) em{ zdpxchdpm{ zpm{mexce kpo{o{ fmidléxokc{ me zpm{mekoc hm cnmexm{ dvohcexm{, ecgxclmed d kde{}id hm fc`c{ &gcwo{id/% M{xã xci`oïe pmlckodechc pmlckodechc kde lc pcrc `lcekc hml imhoxmppãemd y lc pcrc emnpc cgpokcec% Mexpm ml 3: y ml ;:- hm ld{ oehowoh}d{ zdpxchdpm{ zpm{mexce pm{o{) xmekoc gpmexm c lc iclcpoc h}pcexm lc oegcekoc1 m{xd {m hm`m c s}m ld{ zdpxchdpm{ zpm{mexce hïgokox hm nl}xcxoûe, oizpm{koeho`lm zcpc ml hm{cppdlld hm ld{ zlc{idhod{, cnmexm{ kc}{clm{ hm lc megmpimhch% Chmiã{, {o ld{ oehowoh}d{ zdpxchdpm{ xomeme hïgokox hm imxcfmidnld`oec pmh}kxc{c, me zpm{mekoc hm cnmexm{ dvohcexm{, czcpmkm imxcfmidnld`oemioc y koced{o{% Cemioc gclkogdpim% M{xc cemioc m{xã pmlckodechc impcimexm kde lc fmidnld`oec% [m hc k}cehd ml ãkohd nl}) xãiokd {m {}{xox}ym zdp wcloec me zd{okoûe 7 hm lc kchmec ΰ hm lc fmidnld`oec% M{xm m{ ml òeokd zdloidpgo{id me ms}olo`pod m{xc`lm y kdegompm pm{o{xmekoc c ld{ zdpxchdpm{ gpmexm c lc iclcpoc, zmpd zd{mme clxd pom{nd hm oexdvokckoûe gpmexm c {}{xcekoc{ dvohcexm{ y gpmexm c lc gclxc hm dvénmed &me lc clxox}h, zdp mbmizld/% Mvo{xme cln}ed{ kc{d{ me ld{ s}m czcpmkm }e zdloidpgo{id ed c{dkochd c lc xclc{mioc, {oed c{dkoc) hd c }ec zpdxméec zlc{iãxokc zpdxmdléxokc, lc γ)3)cexoxpoz{oec, s}m zpdwomem hm lc lo`mpckoûe hm mlc{xc) {c zdp ld{ loegdkoxd{ y ickpûgcnd{% Lc hmgokomekoc hm m{xc zpdxméec kc}{c koppd{o{ c eowml fmzãxokd y mego{mic z}lidecp, cnpcwãehd{m kde ml kde{}id hm xc`ckd%
XXMMIC IC 33=% =% GGc ck xdp m{ ss}m }m i dhog okce llc c xxdvokohch dvokohch% ckkxdpm{ h% idhogokce Ld{ zpoekozclm{ gckxdpm{ s}m idhogokce lc xdvokohch z}mhme menld`cp{m `cbd hd{ kcxmndpéc{% C {c`mp2 c% Gckxdpm{ ci`omexclm{% Xmizmpcx}pc% Idhogokc lc wmldkohch hm lc{ pmckkodem{ meroiãxokc{, c{é kdid ml wdl}ime hm {cenpm kopk}) lcexm y, zdp ld xcexd, lc xdvokohch% Zpm{oûe cxid{gïpokc% Idhogokc lc c`{dpkoûe y mvkpmkoûe hm nc{m{ d wczdpm{ xûvokd{% Pchockoûe l}iéeokc% C}imexc lc fozmp{me{o`olohch c lc{ xmxpckokloec{% [ox}ckoûe z{okd{dkocl% Lc oexdvokckoûe wcpéc k}cehd }e oehowoh}d m{xã co{lchd d wowomehd me kdi}eohch, d `ome k}cehd m{xã zpmho{z}m{xd c {}gpop m{xc oexdvokckoûe &oexdvokckodem{ wdl}excpoc{/% `% Gckxdpm{ oehowoh}clm{% M{zmkom% M{ }e fmkfd d`wod s}m ld{ xûvokd{ {m kdizdpxce hm icempc hogmpmexm hmzmehomehd hm lc m{zmkom% Ml fdi`pm fc }xolorchd m{xd me {} zpdzod `memgokod zcpc ml kdexpdl hm zlcnc{, mexpm dxpc{ kd{c{% Me dkc{odem{, m{zmkom{ zpûvoic{ zpm{mexce lc io{ic pm{z}m{xc xûvokc gpmexm c }ec {}{xcekoc y m{xd {m fc }xolorchd zcpc mvxpczdlcp lc xdvokohch hm }ec {}{xcekoc hm }e iciégmpd cl fdi`pm% Lc{ m{zmkom{ iã{ zpûvoic{ cl fdi`pm {de ml ided, ml kmphd y lc pcxc, zdp m{d {m }{ce zcpc mwcl}cp lc xdvokohch hm ld{ xûvokd{ me ml fdi`pm% ]e mbmizld hml hogm) pmexm kdizdpxciomexd hm lc{ m{zmkom{2 me lc gc{m O hml imxc`dlo{id, me ld pmgmpmexm c lc fohpdvolckoûe cpdiãxokc, ld{ kcpeéwdpd{ zpmgmpmexmimexm lc pmclorce me zd{okoûe dpxd, iome) xpc{ s}m me gc{m O O kdeb}nce kde ãkohd nl}k}pûeokd% Ld{ fmp`éwdpd{, zdp dxpc zcpxm, kdeb}nce {ûld kde cioedãkohd{% Zdp òlxoid, ld{ dieéwdpd{ }xolorce ld{ hd{ xozd{ hm kdeb}nckoûe% Np}zd nmeïxokd &pcrc/% Ml zdloidpgo{id nmeïxokd {m z}mhm hmgoeop kdid }e xozd hm wcpockoûe nïeokc me lc s}m kd) mvo{xme oehowoh}d{ kde kcpckxmpé{xokc{ i}y hogmpmexm{ kdid iomi`pd{ edpiclm{ hm }ec io{ic zd`lckoûe% M{xchd e}xpokodecl% G}ehcimexclimexm, xcexd ml hïgokox hm ãkohd{ npc{d{ m{mekoclm{ kdid hm zpdxméec{ wc c idhogokcp ld{ {o{xmic{ meroiãxokd{, clxmpcehd c{é lc xdvokohch me ml dpnceo{id%
) 0? )
M{xchd zcxdlûnokd% G}ehcimexclimexm idhogokce ml imxc`dlo{id y lc mvkpmkoûe% Zdp mbmizld, kompxd{ zpd`lmic{ fmzãxokd{ cgmkxce c {} zpdzod {o{xmic meroiãxokd, idhogokcehd hm m{xc gdpic ml imxc`dlo{) id hm kompxd{ kdiz}m{xd{% Lc{ zcxdldnéc{ pmeclm{, c {} wmr, {}mlme dponoecp xpc{xdped{ me lc mvkpmkoûe hm xûvokd{, idhogokcehd {} xdvokohch% [mvd, m{xchd fdpidecl y m{xchd nm{xckodecl% [m fc hmid{xpchd s}m fcy hogmpmekoc{ me ml kdizdpxciomexd hm ld{ xûvokd{ me wcpdem{ y i}bmpm{% M{xd {m hm`m g}ehcimexclimexm c s}m ld{ m{xpûnmed{ m{xoi}lce lc {éexm{o{ hm me) roic{ dvohcxowd{ y, zdp xcexd, cs}mllc{ {}{xcekoc{ s}m {m mloioeme zdp ml {o{xmic dvohcxowd, {o ml {o{xmic m{xã m{xoi}lchd zdp m{xd{ m{xpûnmed{, ho{ioe}opã lc xdvokohch% [o zdp ml kdexpc) pod, lc{ {}{xcekoc{ {m imxc`dlorce c kdiz}m{xd{ iã{ xûvokd{, c}imexcpã lc xdvokohch% Zdp mbmizld, ml zcpcxoûe {m imxc`dlorc c zcpcvûe hm gdpic iã{ pãzohc me lc pcxc fmi`pc s}m me lc pcxc ickfd% Mhch% Lc xdvokohch cgmkxc icydpimexm me mhchm{ mvxpmic{, g}ehcimexclimexm, pmkoïe eckohd{ y cekoced{% Hm gdpic nmempcl, me ml pmkoïe eckohd {m oekpmimexc lc c`{dpkoûe y lc ho{xpo`}koûe hm xûvokd{ c eowml nã{xpokd1 chmiã{, fcy icydp zpdzdpkoûe hm cn}c me ml dpnceo{id y imedp kcexohch hm zpdxméec{ zlc{iãxokc{ y, zdp xcexd, imed{ imxc`dlo{id% Xci`oïe ho{ioe}ym lc golxpckoûe y {mkpmkoûe pmecl% Xdhd{ m{xd{ gckxdpm{ kdexpo`}yme c s}m ml xûvokd zmpicemrkc iã{ xomizd me ml dpnceo{id% Me lc xmpkmpc mhch xci`oïe {m wm clxmpchc lc ho{xpo`}koûe, fcy }e imedp wdl}ime hm {cenpm zdp ioe}xd kcphéckd, ho{ioe}ym lc cl`òioec zlc{iãxokc c{é kdid lc {mkpmkoûe y golxpckoûe% Gckxdpm{ s}opclm{ me ml imxc`dlo{id% [m c{dkoce kde ml xûvokd, ed kde ml imxc`dlo{id% Lc m{xmpmdo{dimpéc hmxmpioec s}m lc xdvo) kohch kci`om hmzmehomehd hml mecexoûimpd% M{xm m{ ml kc{d hm lc xclohdiohc, gãpickd {m) hcexm m fozeûxokd, k}yd mecexoûimpd P m{ }xolorchd zcpc ml xpcxciomexd hm iclm{xcpm{ icx}) xoed{ me i}bmpm{ mi`cpcrchc{, iomexpc{ s}m ml [ zpdwdkc i}xckodem{ gmxclm{%
XXMIC MIC 337% 7% ZZpdkmhoiomexd{ p dkmhooiomexd{ iomexd{ nnmempclm{ memp clm{ hhm m mmwcl}ckoûe wcl}ckoûe xxdvokdlûnokc% dvokdlûnokc% Zpdkmh MMe{cy e{cyd { hhm m xxdvokohch dvokohch ccn}hc, nn}hc, }hc, {{}`kpûeokc }`kp ûeokc y kkpûeokc% p ûeokc% ydd{ Me M}pdzc mvo{xm }ec }eohch hm kpoxmpod{ me k}cexd c lc klc{ogokckoûe hm lc{ {}{xcekoc{ zdp {} zmlonpd{ohch zcpc ld{ {mpm{ wowd{ y ml mkd{o{xmic, y {d`pm ld{ me{cyd{ y mvzmpomekoc{ s}m fcy s}m pmclorcp zcpc wcldpcp lc zmlonpd{ohch hm kchc {}{xcekoc cexm{ hm s}m z}mhc {mp kdimpkoclorchc% Ml kdedkoiomexd hm lc xdvokohch hm lc{ {}{xcekoc{ {ûld z}mhm d`xmemp{m, czcpxm hm lc{ zpmwo{odem{ xmûpokc{, zdp hd{ wéc{2 3/ m{x}hod{ pmxpd{zmk) xowd{ hm kc{d{ hm oexdvokckoûe, y 0/ me{cyd{ mvzmpoimexclm{ kde ceoiclm{ y zlcexc{% [ûld me i}y kdexchc{ dkc{odem{ {m mgmkxòc mvzmpoimexckoûe kde {mpm{ f}iced{% Ml zlcexmciomexd hm }e zpdxdkdld xpchokodecl hm xdvokdldnéc mvzmpoimexcl kde ceoiclm{ zpm{mexc, c zpodpo, k}cxpd k}m{xodem{ s}m {m hm`me pm{dlwmp, c {c`mp2 c/ Lc wéc hm chioeo{xpckoûe chioeo{xp ckoûe s}m {m hm`m mizlmcp me ml me{cyd, s}m {m mlonm hm ck}mphd kde ml xozd hm zpdh}kxd y lc zd{o`lm wéc zdp lc k}cl ml fdi`pm ld c`{dp`m% `/ Ml mgmkxd xûvokd s}m zpdh}km }e hmxmpioechd cnmexm, s}m pm{}lxc hopmkxcimexm zpdzdpkodecl zpdzdpko decl c {} kdekmexpckoûe me ml {o{xmic `odlûnokd y s}m hmzmehm hm e}impd{d{ gckxdpm{ mvxmped{, kdid lc ec) x}pclmrc hml xûvokd, lc kcexohch hm xûvokd x ûvokd chioeo{xpchc d ml xomizd hm mvzd{okoûe, xmeomehd me k}mexc s}m lc ho{xpo`}koûe hml xûvokd me ml ceoicl ed m{ fdidnïemc% k/ Ml xomizd hm h}pckoûe hml m{x}hod pmclorchd, me g}ekoûe hml xozd hm me{cyd s}m {m pms}ompc &m{x}hod{ hm xdvokohch cn}hc, {}`kpûeokc d kpûeokc, g}ehcimexclimexm/% g}ehcimexclimexm/% h/ Lc m{zmkom ceoicl ceoicl }xolorchc me ml me{cyd &me nmempcl, {m }xolorce ceoiclm{ zms}mód{, zdp pcrdem{ mkdeûiokc{, kdid pcxdem{, fãi{xmpm{, pcxc{, kd`cyc{, kdembd{ y, me cln}ed{ kc{d{, zmppd{1 me k}cls}omp np}zd hm oehowoh}d{ fc`pã }ed{ iã{ {me{o`lm{ y dxpd{ iã{ pm{o{xmexm{ cl xûvokd/% [m mexomehm zdp xdvokohch cn}hc lc kczckohch hm }ec {}{xcekoc zcpc zpdh}kop mgmkxd{ chwmp{d{ xpc{ }ec hd{o{ òeokc% Zdp {mp }e zcpãimxpd i}y mwohmexm, {m fc kde{ohmpchd xpchokodeclimexm lc hd{o{ lmxcl imhoc &HL=:/ kdid ml imbdp oehokcxowd hm lc kczckohch xûvokc hm }ec {}{xcekoc% Lc HL=: fckm pmgmpmekoc c lc hd{o{ s}m fcy s}m chioeo{xpcp c }e np}zd hm ceoiclm{ zcpc zpdh}kop lc i}mpxm cl =:- hm m{xd{1 {m mvzpm{c me in$an &iolonpcid{ hm {}{xcekoc xûvokc zdp aold hm zm{d hml ceoicl/% Zdp dxpc zcpxm, {m mexomehm zdp xdvokohch {}`kpûeokc lc kczckohch hm }ec {}{xcekoc zcpc zpdh}kop mgmkxd{ chwmp{d{ xpc{ zms}móc{ hd{o{ hocpoc{ pmzmxohc{ h}pcexm czpdvoichcimexm 0); im{m{%
) ;: )
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XXMIC MIC 33>% >% MMe{cyd{ e{cyd{ xddvokdlûnokd{ vokdlûnokd{ hhm m mmgmkxd{ g mkxd{ mm{zmkégokd{% {zmkég okd{% Me{cyd{ hm zdxmekockoûe Me cln}ed{ kc{d{, lc chioeo{xpckoûe {oi}lxãemc hm hd{ {}{xcekoc{ me ml dpnceo{id z}mhm zpdwdkcp }ec {}ickoûe hm ld{ mgmkxd{ `odlûnokd{ hm lc{ io{ic{1 {oe mi`cpnd, k}cehd ml mgmkxd kdi`oechd hm hd{ {}{) xcekoc{ chioeo{xpchc{ {oi}lxãemcimexm {oi}lxãemcimexm m{ icydp s}m ml mgmkxd hm lc{ {}{xcekoc{ { }{xcekoc{ chioeo{xpchc{ chioeo{xpchc{ co{lchcime) xm &zdp {é {dlc{/, xmemid{ ml llcichd mgmkxd {oeïpnokd d hm zdxmekockoûe% ]e mbmizld klcpd m{ ml kc{d hml =)gl}dpd}pckold y lc kokldgd{gciohc, kokldgd{gciohc, s}m k}cehd {m chioeo{xpce co{lchcimexm c ceoiclm{ zpdh}kme iclgdpic) kodem{ me ml 0=- y 3:- hm ld{ kc{d{, pm{zmkxowcimexm1 me kci`od, {o {m chioeo{xpce b}exd{ zpdh}kopã icl) gdpickodem{ me ml 3::- &zdxmekockoûe/% Hml io{id idhd, z}mhm hcp{m ml kc{d hm hd{ {}{xcekoc{ cexcndeo{) xc{ zcpc }ec io{ic g}ekoûe% Me{cyd{ me zoml% Cl czlokcp kompxc{ {}{xcekoc{ {d`pm lc zoml {m z}mhme d`{mpwcp hogmpmexm{ mgmkxd{ me lc rdec hm chioeo{xpc) koûe, `ã{okcimexm2 oppoxckoûe zpoicpoc, kdppd{oûe, {me{o`olorckoûe k}xãemc, gdxdxdvokohch y g dxd{me{o`olohch% dxd{me{o`olohch% Mgmkxd{ hm oppoxckoûe zpoicpoc% Zcpc hmxmpioecp ld{ mgmkxd{ hm oppoxckoûe zpoicpoc hm`me llmwcp{m c kc`d me{cyd{ hm xdvokohch cn}hc mzohïpiokc {d`pm ceoiclm{% ceoiclm{% Me m{xm {mexohd, {m cgmoxc cl ceoicl y {m czlokc {d`pm {} zoml lc {}{xcekoc c mvcioecp% ]ec wmr llmwchd c kc`d ml zpdkm{d z}mhme czcpmkmp howmp{d{ mgmkxd{ {o{xïiokd{, hm`o) hd c }ec c`{dpkoûe hml xûvokd, me k}yd kc{d {m hmxmpioec lc HL=:% [o, zdp ml kdexpcpod, fcy mgmkxd{ xûzokd{, m{xd{ {m mwcl}cpãe imhocexm ml npchd hm mepdbmkoiomexd y mhmic% Ld{ ceoiclm{ s}m {m }{ce {de, nmempclimexm, pcxdem{, kdembd{ y kd`cyc{ cl`oed{% Me{cyd{ hm {me{o`olohch k}xãemc% [o lc oppoxckoûe zpoicpoc m{ zd{oxowc, {m pmclorc {mn}ohcimexm }e me{cyd hm {me{o`olohch k}xãemc% Me m{xm {mexohd, {m czlokc }ec hd{o{ hm m{xoi}lckoûe s}m, me xmdpéc, ed hm`mpéc zpdh}kop eoenòe mgmkxd edkowd% Zd{xmpodpimexm {m kdizcpc lc kclogokckoûe hml me{cyd hm oppoxckoûe kde lc hd{o{ hm m{xoi}lc) koûe% [o lc hd{o{ hm m{xoi}lckoûe m{ hd`lm {m z}mhm fc`lcp hm }ec {}{xcekoc d xûvokd idhmpchcime) xm {me{o`olorcexm% {me{o`olorcexm% Me{cyd{ hm gdxdxdvokohch y gdxdclmpnoc% Zcpc hmxmpioecp ld{ mgmkxd{ hm gdxdxdvokohch hm }ec hmxmpioechc {}{xcekoc, ï{xc {m chioeo{xpc zdp wéc xûzokc d `ome hm gdpic {o{xïiokc y, {mn}ohcimexm, {m mvzdem cl ceoicl c lc l}r }lxpcwodlmxc, kde }ec c`{dp`cekoc hm }ed{ ;0:)8:: ei% Me lc{ pmckkodem{ cn}hc{ hm gdxdxdvokohch {m zpdh}km mepd) bmkoiomexd y gdpickoûe hm òlkmpc{% Me lc{ mvzd{okodem{ kpûeokc{ fc`pã fozmpzonimexckoûe y menpd) {ciomexd hm lc zoml% Lc{ pmckkodem{ hm gdxdclmpnoc, zdp dxpc zcpxm, {m hm`me c pmckkodem{ hm fozmp) {me{o`olohch% Me m{xm {mexohd, {m chioeo{xpc ml xûvokd y {m mvzdem cl ceoicl c lc l}r }lxpcwodlmxc% [o lc {}{xcekoc m{ zdxmekoclimexm gdxdclïpnokc, me ml dpnceo{id {m xpce{gdpicpã me clïpnmed, nmempcehd }e k}chpd hm fozmp{me{o`olohch% Me{cyd{ me ml dbd% Ld{ mgmkxd{ dk}lcpm{ hm }e xûvokd z}mhme hmxmpioecp{m zdp kdexckxd hopmkxd, d `ome xpc{ }ec chioeo{xpckoûe {o{xïiokc hml cnmexm% M{ zdp mlld s}m me ld{ me{cyd{ hm xdvokohch cn}hc y kpûeokc {m oekdpzdpce zpdxdkdld{ s}m kdexpdlce ml m{xchd hml dbd% Ml mgmkxd xûvokd ldkcl c eowml dk}lcp {m z}mhm m{xc`lmkmp imhocexm ml hmed) ioechd xm{x hm Hpcorm, `c{chd me lc chioeo{xpckoûe hopmkxc hm :%3 il hm }ec {}{xcekoc me ml dbd hm }e ceo) icl hm mvzmpoimexckoûe% Zd{xmpodpimexm, {m d`{mpwce lc{ lm{odem{ zpdh}kohc{% Lc{ lm{odem{ dk}lcpm{ hm dponme {o{xïiokd {}mlme hmxmkxcp{m zdp d`{mpwckoûe h}pcexm cln}ed{ héc{ hml ceoicl xpcxchd kde lc {}{xcekoc c mvcioecp, chioeo{xpchc zdp wéc oexpcwmed{c% Me{cyd{ me ml kdizdpxciomexd% Ld{ mgmkxd{ hm ld{ gãpickd{ {d`pm ml kdizdpxciomexd me ceoiclm{ {}mlm {mp }ec xcpmc i}y {mekollc, z}m{xd s}m òeokcimexm {m pms}ompm chioeo{xpcp }ec hmxmpioechc {}{xcekoc y d`{mpwcp ml kdizdpxciomexd hml ceo) icl cexm{ y hm{z}ï{ hm lc mvzd{okoûe%
) ;3 )
Ld{ zpoekozclm{ iïxdhd{ ohmchd{ zcpc m{xm xozd hm me{cyd{ {de, g}ehcimexclimexm2 P}mhc nopcxdpoc2 kdizcpxoimexd co{lchd }eohd c }e kdexchdp hm w}mlxc{ y wmldkohch hm nopd, s}m zmpioxm d`{mpwcp lc kczckohch m{xoi}lcexm hm howmp{c{ {}{xcekoc{% Kcizd c`ompxd2 bc}lc npcehm kde pmhm{ s}m zmpioxm d`{mpwcp ml kdizdpxciomexd edpicl hml ceoicl y hmxmkxcp {o mvo{xm cxcvoc d oekddphoeckoûe idxdpc% Bc}lc hdiï{xokc2 kdizcpxoiomexd co{lchd mexpm `cppc{, pmlcxowcimexm npcehm, s}m zmpioxm d`{mpwcp cl ceoicl me {} m{xchd ecx}pcl, iomexpc{ kdim, kpéc, {m hm{cppdllc y {m pmlckodec% kdizcpxoiomexd s}m pmòem xdhd }e kdeb}exd hm zc{olld{ y “xpcizc{’ &z}exd{ & z}exd{ {oe Lc`mpoexd pm{ohmekocl2 kdizcpxoiomexd {clohc/ }xolorchd{ zcpc hmxmpioecp lc kczckohch imidpé{xokc imidpé{xokc hml ceoicl% Me{cyd{ m{zmkégokd{2 zp}m`c{ kdekpmxc{ zdp lc{ s}m {m nmempce zcxpdem{ hm kdizdpxciomexd im) hocexm ml }{d hm lc{ pmkdizme{c{ &cloimexd, me lc icydpéc hm ld{ kc{d{/ d “kc{xond{’ &zms}móc{ hm{kcpnc{ mlïkxpokc{, mxk%/, s}m ed{ hmi}m{xpce {o mvo{xm pmehoiomexd wo{}cl, c}hoxowd, mxk%
XXMIC MIC 336% 6% K cp koednïem{o{{,, xxmpcxdnïem{o{, mp cxdnïem{o{, i }xcnïem{o{ yy mmgmkxd{ g mkxd{ Kcpkoednïem{o Kcpkoednïem{o{, i}xcnïem{o{ xxûvokd{ ûvokkd{ d{ {{d`pm d`p m llc c p mzp dh}kkoûe% xûvo pmzpdh}kkoûe% Me{cyd{ hm kcpkoednïem{o{% Mxoidlûnokcimexm, ld{ cnmexm{ kcpkoeûnmed{ {de {}{xcekoc{ s}m oeh}kme lc gdpickoûe hm x}idpm{, {mce ï{xd{ `meoned{ d icloned{% ]e x}idp d emdzlc{oc m{ }e c`}lxciomexd hm`ohd c }ec ck}i}lckoûe cedpicl hm kïl}lc{ s}m {m zpdh}km k}cehd }ec {mk}mekoc nmeïxokc edpicl, hmedioechc zpdxddekdnme, {m clxmpc y dpo) noec }e nme i}xchd, llcichd dekdnme% Ld{ x}idpm{ `meoned{ {m kcpckxmporce zdp lc czcpokoûe hm }e kpmko) iomexd mvzce{owd ldkcl, {oe zpdh}kop imxã{xc{o{ d hm{zlcrciomexd, hm{zlcrciomexd, iomexpc{ s}m ld{ icloned{ {}mlme zpm{me) xcp{m hm gdpic mvzcehohc y {m hog}ehme d oewchme ml dpnceo{id zpdh}komehd e}mwc{ mvxme{odem{ me dxpd{ l}ncpm{ hml dpnceo{id% C idhd nmempcl, ld{ kcpkoeûnmed{ {de cnmexm{ mlmkxpûgold{, i}y pmckxowd{, y kde npce cgoeohch zdp ml HEC d ml PEC% M{xm m{ ml kc{d hm e}impd{d{ hmpowchd{ dpnãeokd{ eoxpdnmechd{ d fcld) nmechd{, mzûvohd{, mzûvohd{, lckxdec{, chmiã{ hm kompxd{ kdiz}m{xd{ oedpnãeokd{ pokd{ me Eo, Kp d ]% K}cehd zpmko) {ce {mp imxc`dlorchd{ zdp ml dpnceo{id zcpc chs}opop m{c pmckxowohch, m{xd{ kdiz}m{xd{ pmko`me ml edi`pm hm zpdkcpkoeûnmed{, kdid zdp mbmizld ld{ fohpdkcp`}pd{ fohpdkcp`}pd{ zdlokéklokd{, cioec{ cpdiãxokc{, iokdxdvoec{, mxk% Xdhd{ ld{ pchokclm{ lo`pm{ me nmempcl xomeme mgmkxd{ kcpkoednïeokd{% Cln}ec{ {}{xcekoc{ kdid ml zopmed y ml kcxmkdl, zdp dxpc zcpxm, gcwdpmkme ml mgmkxd hm ld{ cnmexm{ kcpkoeû) nmed{ y zpdkcpkoeûnmed{ k}cehd {m c`{dp`me zpmwoc d {oi}lxãemcimexm y {m hmedioece kdkcpkoeûnmed{% Dxpc{ ld fckme k}cehd {m c`{dp`me kde zd{xmpodpohch y {m hmedioece zpdidxdpm{ x}idpclm{1 c{é ckxòce ld{ gãpickd{ oei}ed{}zpm{dpm{ y lc{ fdpidec{ {mv}clm{% {mv}clm{% Ckx}climexm, {m kdedkme {}{xcekoc{ s}m zpdh}kme kãekmp {oe {mp nmedxûvokc{, z}m{ ed clxmpce ml icxmpocl nmeïxokd1 {de ld{ hmedioechd{ kcpkoeûnmed{ mzonmeïxokd{, hm imkceo{id{ hm ckkoûe i}y wcpochd{ y m{zmkégokd{ zcpc lc{ ho{xoexc{ m{zmkom{, {mvd y xmbohd{% [m chioxm s}m lc zpdlogmpckoûe kml}lcp {m hm`m c }ec zïphohc hml kdexpdl hml kpmkoiomexd xo{}lcp, pmclorchd zdp lc{ kokloec{1 m{xm m{ ml kc{d hm wcpoc{ fdpidec{% [m kde{ohmpc s}m ed fcy }ec hd{o{ iéeoic zcpc ld{ kcpkoeûnmed{ y s}m ï{xd{ iceogom{xce {} mgmkxd xpc{ mbmpkmp }ec ckkoûe pmoxmpchc y k}cehd lc{ meroic{ mekcpnchc{ hm pmclorcp lc pmk}zmpckoûe d pmzcpckoûe hml HEC lm{odechd, ed ld kde{on}me% ]ec wmr s}m ml kcpkoeûnmed d zpdkcpkoeûnmed zpdkcpkoeûnmed oenpm{c me ml {mp wowd z}mhm mvzmpoimexcp }ec `odxpce{gdpickoûe c imxc`dloxd pmckxowd s}m {m }em cl HEC, `ome cls}olcehd cln}ec{ hm {}{ `c{m{ d `ome m{xc`lmkomehd z}mexm{ mexpm hd{ kchmec{ hm HEC% Me m{xm idimexd lc e}mwc kchmec hm HEC idhogokchd z}mhm {mn}op }ec hm xpm{ zd{o`olohchm{2 c/ {m oeokoc }ec czdzxd{o{, s}m xmpioec kde lc kïl}lc hcóchc, `/ kdiomerc lc pmzlokckoûe c zcpxop hml HEC clxmpchd, zpdkm{d s}m {m cizlogokc &zpdidkoûe/ y kde) h}km cl kãekmp, d k/ lc kïl}lc {m hmgomehm kde lc zcpxokozckoûe hm meroic{ hm{cls}olcexm{, s}m pdizme ml ch}kxd, d `ome c xpcwï{ hm }e zpdkm{d me s}m meroic{ nl}kd{ohc{c{ pdizme ml melckm nl}kd{éhokd s}m }em c lc `c{m clxmpchc, {mn}ohd hm lc ckkoûe hm meroic{ mehde}klmc{c{ s}m mloioece ed {ûld ml e}klmûxohd hcóchd {oed xci`oïe ld{ chyckmexm{1 c kdexoe}ckoûe lc zdloimpc{c O pmzlokc xdhd ml xpdrd, s}m m{ {mn}ohd zdp lc{ lonc{c{, s}mhcehd c{é pmzcpchd ml HEC% Zcpc ld{ me{cyd{ hm kcpkoednïem{o{ {m {}mlme }xolorcp pcxdem{ d pcxc{ &c}es}m me cln}ed{ kc{d{ {m fce mizlmchd zmppd{, kdembd{ y kd`cyc{/% Me }e zpoekozod {m xpcxc c ld{ ceoiclm{ h}pcexm }e zcp hm cód{ &me lc zpãkxokc xpce{k}ppm h}pcexm xdhc lc wohc hm ld{ ceoiclm{/ kde zd{o`lm{ kcpkoeûnmed{, chioeo{xpãehdlm{ lc{ hd{o{ iãvoic{ xdlmpchc{ &d lc ioxch, me cln}ed{ kc{d{/% [o h}pcexm ml k}p{d hml mvzmpoimexd {m mwohmekoce x}idpm{, {m pmno{xpcpãe ml idimexd hm {} czcpokoûe, lc{ kcpckxmpé{xokc{ y lc xozdldnéc `meonec d iclonec, {mnòe ml kc{d% Cl goecl hml mvzmpoimexd {m {ckpogokce xdhd{ ld{ ceoiclm{, oekl}ohd{ ld{ s}m ed zpm{mexce x}) idpm{, y {m llmwce c kc`d ceãlo{o{ kléeokd{ y emkpdz{oc kdizlmxc hm kchc }ed hm mlld{% Lc kdekl}{oûe goecl c lc s}m z}mhm llmncp{m {m `c{c me ml chmk}chd mvcime zcxdlûnokd hm xdhd{ ld{ xmbohd{ y lc ohmexogokckoûe hm xdhc{ lc{ zd{o`lm{ lm{odem{ me ld{ ceoiclm{% ) ;0 )
Me{cyd{ hm xmpcxdnïem{o{% Lc xmpcxdnïem{o{ fckm pmgmpmekoc c iclgdpickodem{ kdenïeoxc{ ed fmpmhoxcpoc{ s}m nmempclimexm {m hmxmk) xce me ml eckoiomexd% Fdy me héc {m kdedkme i}lxox}h gckxdpm{ kczckm{ hm zpdh}kop mgmkxd{ xmpcxûnmed{, g}ehcimexclimexm2 g}ehcimexclimexm2 pchockodem{ ci`omexclm{ ci`omexclm{ y xmpczï}xokc{, cln}ed{ cnmexm{ oegmkkod{d{ kdid ml wop}{ hm lc p}`ïdlc, cln}ed{ koxdimncldwop}{, ml zpdxdrdd hm lc xdvdzlc{id{o{, lc `ckxmpoc hm lc {égolo{ d ml wop}{ hml fmp) zm{ f}iced, y cln}ed{ kdiz}m{xd{ s}éiokd{ kdid lc xclohdiohc, lc{ xmxpckokloec{, ml homxolm{xol`m{xpdl, homxolm{xol`m{xpdl, ml loxod, ml mxcedl, lc kdkcéec, ml ûvohd hm mxolmed, ml ãkohd wclzpûokd, ml zldid d lc ~cpgcpoec, chmiã{ hm cln}ed{ hmpo) wchd{ dpncedimpk}poclm{ y kompxd{ kdiz}m{xd{ kde ckxowohch cexokcekmpénmec, kdid lc cioedzxmpoec y lc gd{gciohc% Me lc cexonümhch, lc xclohdiohc {m }{c`c kdid {mhcexm me i}bmpm{ mi`cpcrchc{ zcpc mwoxcp wûioxd{, eã}{mc{, mxk%1 iã{ xcphm {m hm{k}`poû s}m zpdwdkc`c zpdwdkc`c iclgdpickodem{ me ld{ gmxd{% Ml homxolm{xol`m{) xpdl m{ }ec {}{xcekoc s}m {m }{c`c zcpc m{xoi}lcp lc lo`mpckoûe hm m{xpûnmed{ y zpdnm{xmpdec zdp lc zlckme) xc1 zpdh}kéc kcpkoedic{ me ml òxmpd% Ld{ pmxoedohm{ s}m {m }{ce zcpc ml ckeï xci`oïe {de xmpcxdnïeokd{, zpdh}komehd iclgdpickodem{ me lc{ mvxpmiohchm{, kcpc, kdpcrûe y {o{xmic empwod{d% Ml ãkohd wclzpûokd {m }{c`c kdid cexokdew}l{odecexm me i}bmpm{ mzolïzxokc{ y {m c{dkoû c lc czcpokoûe hm lc hmedioechc m{zoec `égohc% Ml mxcedl {m c{dkoc kde ml {éehpdim clkdfûlokd gmxcl s}m pmxpc{c ml kpmkoiomexd d hm{cppdlld me ml òxm) pd, c{é kdid ml hm{cppdlld oexmlmkx}cl y z{okdidxpor% M{xm fmkfd {m d`{mpwû me i}bmpm{ nm{xcexm{ s}m kde) {}iéce clkdfdl% Kdid m{ lûnokd, ed xdhc{ lc{ m{zmkom{ pm{zdehme on}cl cexm ld{ mgmkxd{ xmpcxdnïeokd{ hm }e hmxmpioechd cnmexm, {oed s}m m{xd{ hmzmehme hm wcpod{ gckxdpm{ mvxmped{, kdid ml nmeïxokd, c{é kdid hm lc{ ho{xoexc{ wéc{ imxc`ûlokc{ s}m z}mhm {mn}op hokfd kdiz}m{xd cl {mp chioeo{xpchd me ho{xoexc{ m{zmkom{% Zdp mbmizld, me ml gmxd f}iced, ld{ imhokcimexd{ z}mhme imxc`dlorcp{m me ml fénchd d me ld{ xmbohd{ mvxpcfmzãxokd{1 me pcxc{, kdembd{ y pdmhdpm{ me nmempcl, {oe mi`cpnd, ed mvo{xm ml imxc`dlo{id mvxpcfmzãxokd% Chmiã{ hm m{) xd, fcy s}m xmemp me k}mexc ld{ hogmpmexm{ imxc`dloxd{ s}m {m gdpice c zcpxop hm }ec {}{xcekoc, kdid lc oio) zpcioec, k}yd{ imxc`dloxd{ {de ho{xoexd{ {mnòe lc m{zmkom% Dxpd gckxdp oizdpxcexm m{ lc ckkm{o`olohch hml xûvokd cl mi`poûe c xpcwï{ hm lc zlckmexc% M{xc xpce{gmpmekoc hmzmehm hm lc{ kcpckxmpé{xokc{ go{okds}éiokc{ hm lc{ {}{xcekoc{ &lozd{dl}`olohch, npchd hm odeorckoûe, odeorckoûe, npchd hm }eoûe c zpdxméec{, zm{d idlmk}lcp, idlmk}lcp, mxk%/, hm lc{ kcpckxmpé{xokc{ hm lc zlckmexc &mhch y imxc`dlo{id/, imxc`dlo{id/, hml pomnd {cen}éemd hm lc ichpm y hml mi`poûe, mxk% Me m{xm {mexohd, ld{ kdiz}m{xd{ ãkohd{ c{é kdid lc{ `c{m{ hï`olm{ xomehme c ck}i}lcp{m me lc zlckmexc hm`ohd c lc hogmpmekoc hm zF s}m mvo{xm mexpm ml zlc{ic hm lc ichpm y hml mi`poûe &m{xm òlxoid iã{ ãkohd/% Ld{ kdiz}m{xd{ s}mhcpãe pmxmeohd{ me gdpic oûeokc% Xdhd{ ld{ imhokcimexd{ me nmempcl, k}cehd llmnce cl mi`poûe, {m xpce{gdpice me imxc`dloxd{ iã{ fohpd{dl}`lm{% Kc{o xdhd{ ld{ gãpickd{ kde zm{d idlmk}lcp mexpm 0=:)8:: Hc cxpcwom{ce lc zlckmexc {oe zpd`lmic{% Ml mgmkxd xmpcxdnïeokd hmzmehm hm lc gc{m hml hm{cppdlld mi`podecpod me lc s}m chioeo{xpcid{ lc {}{xcekoc &zmpodhd kpéxokd hm {}{kmzxo`olohch/% M{xm mgmkxd m{ icydp me lc gc{m hm nc{xp}lckoûe &gdpickoûe hm lc imi) `pcec mi`podecpoc dponoecpoc hm ld{ hogmpmexm{ xmbohd{/ d me lc gc{m hm dpncednïem{o{ &hogmpmekockoûe hm ld{ ûpnced{1 me pcxc{ dk}ppm clpmhmhdp hml >² héc y me ml fdi`pm mexpm ld{ héc{ 03)07 hm lc nm{xckoûe/% Xci`oïe kc`m hm{xckcp s}m fcy }ec xmpcxdnmeokohch m{zmkégokc {mnòe ml ûpnced s}m {m m{xï hm{cppdllcehd% M{ me lc edwmec {micec hml zmpodhd gmxcl &ich}pckoûe y kpmkoiomexd hm ld{ ûpnced{/, k}cehd {m zpdh}kme clxmpckod) em{ me ml hm{cppdlld hml {o{xmic empwod{d kmexpcl, me lc kczckohch oexmlmkx}cl, mxk% Zcpc hmxmpioecp lc hmzmehmekoc hm lc hd{o{ kde ml npchd hm xmpcxdnmeokohch {m {}mlm kde{xp}op }ec k}pwc hd{o{$pm{z}m{xc k}yc zmehomexm, nmempclimexm, m{ i}y zpde}ekochc% Me m{xm {mexohd, mvo{xm lc llcichc hd) {o{ }i`pcl zdp hm`cbd hm lc k}cl ed {m d`{mpwc mgmkxd% Lc xmpcxdnmeokohch me ml hm{cppdlld mi`podecpod, g}ehcimexclimexm, z}mhm iceogm{xcp{m kde iclgdpickod) em{, pmxpc{d me ml kpmkoiomexd, lmxclohch mi`podecpoc d clxmpckodem{ g}ekodeclm{% Mvo{xme ho{xoexd{ gckxdpm{ s}m zpdh}kme iclgdpickodem{ m{zdexãemc{ me ceoiclm{, kdid {de lc{ clxc{ xmizmpcx}pc{, ml m{xpï{, mxk% K}cehd chioeo{xpcid{ }e xûvokd me ml oeokod hm lc nm{xckoûe hm pcxdem{, zdp mbmizld, {m zpdh}kopã lc i}mpxm gmxcl y lc zd{xmpodp pmc`{dpkoûe hml gmxd1 me ml fdi`pm {m zpdh}kopã }e c`dpxd m{zdexãemd% [o lc i}mpxm gmxcl dk}ppm me mxczc{ iã{ cwcerchc{, ï{xc z}mhm op ckdizcóchc hm clxmpckodem{ g}ekodeclm{, kdid ho{ioe}koûe hm lc kczckohch hm imidporckoûe, clxmpckodem{ me ml kdizdpxciomexd, mxk%, {d`pm lc ichpm% Me ml fdi`pm {m fc d`{mpwchd s}m kompxc{ {}{xcekoc{ kdid ml fomppd, ml zldid d lc woxcioec C zpdh}kme xci`oïe m{xm mgmkxd% Zcpc ld{ me{cyd{ hm xmpcxdnmeokohch kde ceoiclm{ {m {}mlme }xolorcp pdmhdpm{ zdp {} npce ho{zdeo`olohch y zdps}m zdhmid{ xpc`cbcp kde }e npce eòimpd hm gmxd{% Me m{xm {mexohd, ld s}m {m fckm m{ zpdh}kop lc nm{) xckoûe hm{z}ï{ hm fc`mp chioeo{xpchd }e xmpcxûnmed, y mwcl}cp ld{ pm{}lxchd{ me ml gmxd% Cexm{ hml zcpxd {m oexmpp}izm lc nm{xckoûe {ckpogokcehd c lc ichpm y {ckcehd ld{ gmxd{ hm mllc zdp km{ãpmc% C kdexoe}ckoûe, {m mwclòce ld{ pm{}lxchd{ d`xmeohd{ me ld{ gmxd{ c{é kdid me lc ichpm, zdp imhod hm mvãimem{ zcxdlûnokd{%
) ;; )
Me{cyd{ hm i}xcnïem{o{% Lc i}xcnïem{o{ m{ }e zpdkm{d xûvokd zdp ml k}cl ld{ vmed`oûxokd{ {de kczckm{ hm oeh}kop }e kci`od me lc {mk}mekoc edpicl hm ld{ zcpm{ hm `c{m{ s}m kcpckxmporce ml HEC% Ï{xd{ z}mhme {mp m{zdexãemd{ k}cehd mvo{xme gclld{ me lc pmzlokckoûe d pmzcpckoûe hml HEC d `ome {mp oeh}kohd{ zdp ho{xoexd{ cnmexm{ gé{okd{ y s}éiokd{% K}cehd lc i}xckoûe me {é {m zpdh}km me lc{ kïl}lc{ nmpioeclm{, z}mhm dk}ppop lc i}mpxm hml gmxd d s}m lc i}xckoûe {mc xpce{ioxohc c nmempckodem{ g}x}pc{% Me kci`od, k}cehd lc i}xckoûe {m zpdh}km me lc{ kïl}lc{ {diãxokc{ z}mhm dk}ppop i}mpxm kml}lcp d s}m lc i}xckoûe {mc xpce{ioxohc c kïl}lc{ hml io{id xmbohd% Lc{ kde{mk}mekoc{ {de i}y howmp{c{ y wce hm{hm mgmkxd{ kcpkoeûnmed{ y xmpcxûnmed{, fc{xc {mp lc kc}{c hm megmpimhchm{ hm kcpãkxmp fmpmhoxcpod, d kdegmpop {}{kmzxo`olohch c lc kdexpckkoûe hm hmxmpioechc{ megmp) imhchm{% Ld{ xozd{ hm i}xcnïem{o{ m{xãe me g}ekoûe hml xcicód y hm lc wcpockoûe nmedxézokc s}m zpdh}kme% Ld{ mgmkxd{ i}xcnïeokd{ z}mhme {mp hmxmkxchd{ imhocexm xïkeokc{ koxdnïeokc{, iokpd`odlûnokc{ y xïkeokc{ hm {mk}mekockoûe hml HEC% G}ehcimexclimexm, fcy hd{ xozd{ hm i}xcnïem{o{2 3/ I}xckodem{ nmeïxokc{% Cgmkxce c }ed d wcpod{ zcpm{ hm `c{m{ nïeokc{ y ed {}mlme oexmpwmeop me ld{ zpdkm{d{ hm howo{oûe km) l}lcp% @ã{okcimexm, mvo{xme xpm{ klc{m{ hogmpmexm{2 I}xckodem{ zdp {}{xox}koûe% Kdellmwc }e kci`od nmempcl hm }ec `c{m nïeokc zdp dxpc% [mpã hm xpce{okoûe k}cehd ml oe) xmpkci`od {mc hm }ec `c{m zòpokc zdp dxpc zòpokc d hm }ec zopoiohéeokc zdp dxpc zopoiohéeokc% I}xckoûe zdp xpce{wmp{oûe% Kdellmwc ml kci`od hm }ec `c{m zòpokc zdp dxpc zopoiohéeokc d wokmwmp{c% [m kde{ohmpce {o) lmekod{c{ k}cehd fcy }e kci`od hm xpozlmxm zmpd ml cioedãkohd s}m {m oekdpzdpc c lc kchm) ec zdlozmzxéhokc m{ ml io{id% [oe mi`cpnd, z}mhm {mp mppûemc k}cehd fcy }e kci`od hm xpo) zlmxm y }e kci`od hm cioedãkohd s}m {m oekdpzdpc% M{xm òlxoid xozd xmehpã oizdpxcekoc {o ml cioedãkohd cioedãkohd s}m {m oekdpzdpc m{xã kmpkc hml kmexpd ckxowd d `ome gdpic zcpxm hm lc m{xp}kx}pc xpohoime{odecl% Zdp òlxoid, z}mhm {mp }ec i}xckoûe {oe {mexohd k}cehd ml xpozlmxm {m kci`oc zdp }e kdhûe xmpioechdp1 mexdekm{ d`xmehpmid{ }ec kchmec i}kfd iã{ kdpxc% I}xckodem{ nmeïxokc{ hm hm{gc{m% Xomem l}ncp k}cehd me }e z}exd kdekpmxd hm lc kchmec zdlozmzxéhokc {m zpdh}km lc chokoûe d zïphohc hm wcpoc{ `c{m{1 c zcpxop hm m{m z}exd kci`oc lc zc}xc hm lc lmkx}pc hm xpce{kpozkoûe hml HEC% M{xm mgmkxd hm{mi`dkc hm{mi`dkc me kci`od{ hml gmedxozd hm lc kïl}lc cgmkxchc% 0/ I}xckodem{ kpdid{ûiokc{% Cgmkxce c npcehm{ gpcnimexd{ hm HEC y {m z}mhme hmxmkxcp zdp ml iokpd{kdzod ûzxokd% @ã{okcime) xm, mvo{xme hd{ klc{m{ hogmpmexm{2 I}xckodem{ e}iïpokc{% Xomem l}ncp k}cehd {m zpdh}km }ec zïphohc d ncecekoc k}cexoxcxowc me }ed d wcpod{ kpdid) {dic{% M{xd m{ hm`ohd c }e gclld me lc howo{oûe kml}lcp% Ml pm{}lxchd m{ s}m xmemid{ kïl}lc{ kde }e eòimpd hm kpdid{dic{ ho{xoexd cl eòimpd edpicl hm kchc m{zmkom% I}xckodem{ m{xp}kx}pclm{% [m zpdh}kme kdid kde{mk}mekoc hm }ec p}zx}pc me hd{ kpdiãxohc{ &gclld{ m{xp}kx}pclm{ kpdid{ûiokd{/ d me }ec kpdiãxohc &gclld{ m{xp}kx}pclm{ kpdicxéhokd{/ {mn}ohc hm }ec pmdp) nceorckoûe kpdid{ûiokc% Kdid kde{mk}mekoc czcpmkme xpc{xdped{ me lc g}ekodec`olohch hm ld{ kpdid{dic{% Lc{ ho{xoexc{ clxmpckodem{ wo{o`lm{ cl iokpd{kdzod {de, `ã{okcimexm2 Hmlmkkoûe d zïphohc hm }e gpcnimexd hm HEC% d d H}zlokckoûe d pmzmxokoûe hm }ec {mk}mekoc hm HEC% Oewmp{oûe me }ec kchmec hm HEC% d Xpce{ldkckoûe me }ec kchmec hm HEC% d Hm`ohd c lc kcexohch hm i}xckodem{ s}m z}mhme llmncp c czcpmkmp, c eowml hm lc`dpcxdpod, {m pmclorce ho{xoe) xd{ xozd{ hm me{cyd{% Edpiclimexm {m {}mlm llmwcp c kc`d }e xm{x hm i}xckodem{ nmeïxokc{ me `ckxmpoc{ imhocexm me{cyd{ “oe woxpd’ kde iokpddpnceo{id{, c ld{ s}m xci`oïe {m lm{ chokodece zpmzcpckodem{ iokpd) {ûiokc{ hm fénchd hm pcxc, s}m xomeme dvohc{c{ zcpc ckxowcp ld{ zpdkcpkoeûnmed{% Kdid mbmizld zdhmid{ koxcp ml hmedioechd xm{x hm Cim{, me ml s}m {m xpc`cbc kde }ec kmzc i}xchc hm [clidemllc s}m ed z}mhm {oexmxorcp fo{xohoec eo wowop me }e imhod kde fo{xohoec% K}cehd {m chokodec }e i}xãnmed {m zpdh}km }ec i}) xckoûe oewmp{c s}m zmpioxm s}m lc `ckxmpoc kpmrkc me ml imhod% Me ml hmedioechd xm{x hm lc{ clxmpckodem{ kpdid{ûiokc{ me kïl}lc{ hm iciégmpd{ me k}lxowd, zdp dxpc zcpxm, {m ed{ zmpioxm hmxmkxcp c`mppckodem{ kpdid{ûiokc{ y kpdicxéhokc{ h}pcexm lc howo{oûe kml}lcp% [de zp}m`c{ oe woxpd me lc{ s}m {m k}lxowce léemc{ kml}lcpm{ wclohchc{% Ld{ me{cyd{ “oe woxpd’ xomeme lc wmexcbc s}m {m z}mhme }xolorcp kdekmexpckodem{ icydpm{ s}m ’oe wowd’ y hmxmkxcp cedicléc{ iã{ lmwm{%
) ;8 )
Mgmkxd{ {d`pm lc pmzpdh}kkoûe% Kde m{xd{ me{cyd{ {m hmxmpioece ld{ xpc{xdped{ xûvokd{ {d`pm lc gmpxolohch ic{k}loec y gmimeoec, c{é kdid lc xdvokdldnéc {d`pm ml hm{cppdlld% Ml zpoimp c{zmkxd c`cpkc xdhd{ cs}mlld{ mgmkxd{ emncxowd{ {d`pm lc lo`ohd y {d`pm ml kdizdpxciomexd {mv}cl, cgmkkoûe hm lc m{zmpicxdnïem{o{ d lc dwdnïem{o{, lc ckxowohch fdpidecl, ml zpdkm{d hm gmpxolorckoûe y zpdkm{d ml hm{cppdlld hml f}mwd gmk}ehchd fc{xc lc gc{m hm oizlcexckoûe &me ceo) iclm{ dwézcpd{/1 ml {mn}ehd oekl}ym ld{ mgmkxd{ mi`podxûvokd{, mi`podxûvokd{, pmxpc{d hml kpmkoiomexd, lm{odem{ me ld{ ûpnc) ed{, i}mpxm, c`dpxd, mxk% Me ld{ me{cyd{ kde ceoiclm{ {m chioeo{xpc }ec zpd`c`lm {}{xcekoc xûvokc héc{ cexm{ hml czcpmciomexd &gc{m hm kmld/ y {m {on}m ml mgmkxd me wcpoc{ nmempckodem{%
XXMIC MIC 33? ? yy 00:% :% I ïxdh d{ cclxmpecxowd{% lxmp ecxowd{% MMe{cyd{ e{cyd{ ooe e wwoxpd% oxp d% dhhd{ Iïxd [[}{xpcxd{ }{xp cxd{ ``odlûnokd{ odlûnokd{ m ooehokchdpm{ ehokchdp m{ hhm m xxdvokohch% dvokohch% K}cehd {m xpc`cbc kde ceoiclm{, ml oewm{xonchdp m{ ml pm{zde{c`lm hm m{c wohc% Me m{xm {mexohd, {m hm`m xmemp zpm{mexm me xdhd idimexd }ec pmnlc m{mekocl, lc hmedioechc pmnlc hm lc{ xpm{ mppm{ &Pmmizlcrd, Pmh}kkoûe y Pmgoeciomexd/% C{é, }e oewm{xonchdp hm`m, me lc imhohc hm ld zd{o`lm, pmmizlcrcp ml m{x}hod hm ceoiclm{ zdp m{x}hod{ clxmpecxowd{% K}cehd m{ oizd{o`lm mwoxcp ml }{d hm ceoiclm{ zcpc lc oewm{xonckoûe, hm`m pmh}kop ld iãvoid zd{o`lm ml eòimpd hm oehowoh}d{ }xolorchd{ y, chmiã{, hm`m hm pmgoecp d imbdpcp ld{ zpdkmhoiomexd{ zcpc ioeoiorcp ml m{xpï{ y mwoxcp ml {}gpoiomexd cl s}m {de {dimxohd{ ld{ ceoiclm{% @ã{okc) imexm, c eowml xdvokdlûnokd zdhmid{ ho{xoen}op ho{xoen}op {mo{ kcxmndpéc{ hm iïxdhd{ clxmpecxowd{ hm m{x}hod{, m{ hmkop, cs}mlld{ s}m k}izlme, me lc imhohc hm ld zd{o`lm, lc pmnlc hm lc{ xpm{ mppm{2 C% Oexmpkci`od hm lc oegdpickoûe xdvokdlûnokc% Mvo{xme hogmpmexm{ `c{m{ hm hcxd{ s}m zmpioxme lc }xolorckoûe hm oegdpickoûe zpdkmhmexm hm ho{xoexd{ ceclo{xc{ kde ml d`bmxowd hm mwoxcp lc pmzmxokoûe oeemkm{cpoc oeemkm{cpoc hm me{cyd{ &zpdxdkdld{ hm me{cyd/% @% Imbdpc hm ho{mód ho{mód me lc mvzmpoimexckoûe mvzmpoimexckoûe ceoicl% Me dkc{odem{ {m pms}ompm }ec imbdpc me ml ho{mód hm ld{ mvzmpoimexd{, zcpc c}imexcp {} wclohmr y ho{ioe}op ml {}gpoiomexd y ml eòimpd hm ceoiclm{ mizlmchd{% K% Idhmld{ icxmiãxokd{ &S[CP/% Mvo{xme gûpi}lc{ icxmiãxokc{ kczckm{ hm pmlckodecp lc m{xp}kx}pc s}éiokc hm }e kdiz}m{xd kde {} ckxowohch `odlûnokc% H% M{x}hod{ f}iced{% [d`pm oehowoh}d{ f}iced{, z}mhme llmwcp{m c kc`d m{x}hod{ mzohmiodlûnokd{ pmgmpohd{ c }ec hmxmp) ioechc pmnoûe, d `ome m{x}hod{ wdl}excpod{ hm }e hmxmpioechd oehowoh}d% Me dxpd{ kc{d{ z}mhme llm) wcp{m c kc`d m{x}hod{ hm xdvokdwonolcekoc {d`pm }e hmxmpioechd kdiz}m{xd kdimpkoclorchd% Lc }xolo) rckoûe hm f}iced{ zlcexmc hogmpmexm{ oexmppdncexm{ hm xozd ïxokd, s}m ed hm`ompce pm{mpwcp{m {dld c lc mvzmpoimexckoûe kde ceoiclm{% [oe mi`cpnd, lc oegdpickoûe d`xmeohc z}mhm {mp i}y wclod{c% M% Xïkeokc{ oe woxpd% Lc{ xïkeokc{ oe woxpd kdizpmehme ml }{d hm dpnceo{id{ oegmpodpm{ kdid `ckxmpoc{, clnc{ y fdend{, gpckkodem{ {}`kml}lcpm{ d oekl}{d icxmpocl ed `odlûnokd, y hm {o{xmic{ kml}lcpm{ c kdpxd zlcrd, kdid lc{ {}{zme{odem{ kml}lcpm{, xmbohd{ hm `odz{oc, pdhcbc{ hm xmbohd{ y ûpnced{ zmpg}ehohd{ &fénchd, po) óûe d zãekpmc{, g}ehcimexclimexm/, chmiã{ hm k}lxowd{ kml}lcpm{ {oizlm{ me gdpic hm kïl}lc{ lo) `pm{, xmbohd{ } ûpnced{ icexmeohd{ me }e imhod e}xpomexm h}pcexm cl imed{ 08 fdpc{% G% Idhmld{ hm mh}kckoûe% Mvo{xme idhmld{ c}hodwo{}clm{ c}hodwo{}clm{ d imkãeokd{ y {oi}lckodem{ zdp dphmechdp s}m mwoxce ml kdexckxd ho) pmkxd kde i}m{xpc{ hm lc`dpcxdpod% C idhd nmempcl, ld{ me{cyd{ oe woxpd z}mhme {mp zp}m`c{ {}{xox}xowc{ hm ld{ me{cyd{ kde ceoiclm{, d `ome zp}m`c{ hm kpo`c zpmwoc{ c lc{ hm cs}mllc{, d kde ml kcpãkxmp hm kdizlmimexcpoc{ zcpc imbdpcp {} {me{o`olo) hch y m{zmkogokohch hm ld{ m{x}hod{ kde ceoiclm{% M{ hmkop, ld{ iïxdhd{ oe woxpd ed zpmxmehme {}zlcexcp nld) `climexm c ld{ me{cyd{ oe wowd c}es}m, me cln}ed{ kc{d{, {}mlme {mp iã{ czpdzochd{% Fcy dkc{odem{, {oe mi`cpnd, me lc{ s}m ld{ m{x}hod{ oe wowd {de oizpm{koeho`lm{% Lc{ zpoekozclm{ pcrdem{ zdp lc{ s}m ld{ iïxd) hd{ hm oewm{xonckoûe oe woxpd hm`mpéce {}{xox}op me lc imhohc hm ld zd{o`lm c lc mvzmpoimexckoûe ceoicl {de2 c/ idpclm{ y ïxokc{, yc s}m me lc mvzmpoimexckoûe kde ceoiclm{ {m {dimxm c m{xpï{ y {}gpoiomexd c {mpm{ wowd{, `/ mkdeûiokc{, hm`ohd c s}m ml kd{xm hm ld{ me{cyd{ hm xdvokohch kde ceoiclm{, m{zmkoclimexm ld{ s}m }xolorce m{zmkom{ ed pdmhdpc{, kdid zmppd{ d zpoicxm{, m{ xce clxd s}m {}zdem }e d`{xãk}ld zcpc ml hm{cppdlld hm i}kfd{ imhokcimexd{ y kdiz}m{xd{ s}éiokd{, k/ komexégokc{, yc s}m lc mvzmpoimexckoûe xpchokodecl kde ceoiclm{ m{ g}ehcimexclimexm mizépokc &i}kfd{ hm ld{ mgmkxd{ s}m me mllc {m d`{mpwce m{xãe dponoechd{ me zpdkm{d{ kdizlmbd{ c wmkm{ ed {}gokomexmimexm kdedkohd{ d mexmehohd{/, h/ ldné{xokc{, yc s}m, c}es}m ld{ me{cyd{ kde ceoiclm{ g}mpce kczckm{ hm zpmhmkop kdppmkxcimexm ml pom{nd s}m ld{ zpd) h}kxd{ {}zdeme zcpc ml fdi`pm, {dld {m ho{zdehpéc hm {}gokomexm eòimpd hm ceoiclm{, lc`dpcxdpod{, xïkeokd{
) ;= )
y xdvokûldnd{ zcpc mwcl}cp }ec iéeoic zcpxm hm ld{ iã{ hm 3::: e}mwd{ kdiz}m{xd{ s}m {m oexpdh}kme czpdvoichcimexm kchc cód, m/ {dkodzdléxokc{, hm`ohc{ c lc zpm{oûe hm ld{ hogmpmexm{ np}zd{ {dkoclm{ s}m mvonme lc c`dlokoûe hm lc mvzmpoimexckoûe ceoicl, czdyãehd{m me idxowd{ ïxokd{, y g/ lmnclm{, yc s}m lc lm) no{lckoûe m}pdzmc y m{zcódlc m{xc`lmkm s}m “ed hm`mpã pmclorcp{m }e mvzmpoimexd {o {m ho{zdem hm dxpd iïxdhd komexégokcimexm {cxo{gckxdpod y kdexpc{xchd s}m zmpioxc d`xmemp lc{ io{ic{ kdekl}{odem{, {oe oizlo) kcp lc }xolorckoûe hm ceoiclm{’% Lc{ zpoekozclm{ wmexcbc{ hm ld{ me{cyd{ oe woxpd {de, zdp ld xcexd2 [de ïxokc y idpclimexm iã{ ckmzxc`lm{ s}m ld{ me{cyd{ oe wowd% [o pms}ompme ceoiclm{, ml eòimpd hm oehowoh}d{ }xolorchd{ m{ kde{ohmpc`lmimexm imedp% ]xolorce icxmpocl `odlûnokd i}y fdidnïemd, yc {mc hm dponme f}iced d ceoicl, d`xmeohd c zcpxop hm kchãwmpm{ d imhocexm `odz{oc{% Zmpioxme m{x}hocp lc{ ckkodem{ hm }ec {}{xcekoc {d`pm }ec hmxmpioechc zd`lckoûe kml}lcp me lc s}m {m {}zdenc lc hocec zpoekozcl d {mk}ehcpoc% Gckoloxce m{x}hod{ m{zmkoclorchd{, kdid ld{ mlmkxpdgo{odlûnokd{ y ld{ xdvokdkoeïxokd{ hm kczxckoûe, xpce{gdpickoûe y mloioeckoûe hm {}{xcekoc{% k}cexogokc`lm{% [de gãkolimexm d`bmxowc`lm{ y k}cexogokc`lm{% Zd{mme }ec npce zpmko{oûe me ml kdexpdl hopmkxd hm lc hd{ogokckoûe% Pms}ompme }e kdexpdl c`{dl}xd hm lc h}pckoûe hml kdexckxd kde ml zpdh}kxd }xolorchd% Gckoloxce ml m{x}hod hm ld{ imkceo{id{ hm ckkoûe xûvokc% `cpcxd{% [de i}y pãzohd{ y pmlcxowcimexm `cpcxd{% Pms}ompme zdkc kcexohch hm zpdh}kxd cecléxokd% Ld{ zpoekozclm{ oekdewmeomexm{ oekdewmeomexm{ hm ld{ me{cyd{ oe woxpd {de, zdp dxpc zcpxm2 Pms}ompme iã{ hm }e {o{xmic hm me{cyd% Ed zmpioxme hmxmpioecp lc{ oexmpckkodem{ mvo{xmexm{ mexpm ld{ ho{xoexd{ ûpnced{, chmiã{ hm lc hogo) k}lxch s}m kdellmwc pmzpdh}kop lc cps}oxmkx}pc xo{}lcp% [}mlme {mp idhmld{ m{xãxokd{ s}m xomeme loioxchc lc h}pckoûe hm {} ckxowohch go{odlûnokc% Ed zpm{mexce kompxd{ gmeûimed{ xdvokdkoeïxokd{, kdid lc kczckohch hm ckxowcp d hm{xdvokcp }ec hm) xmpioechc {}{xcekoc% Zpm{mexce hogok}lxch zcpc me{cycp {}{xcekoc{ zdkd {dl}`lm{, wdlãxolm{, nc{md{c{ d {}{xcekoc{ s}m {m hm{kdizdence pãzohcimexm% Dgpmkme }ec npce zd{o`olohch hm d`xmemp pm{}lxchd{ mppûemd{, hm`ohd{ cl me{cyd me kdehokodem{ ed chmk}chc{% p m{}lxchd{ {d`pm {mpm{ f}iced{% Pm{}lxc i}y hogékol mvxpczdlcp ld{ pm{}lxchd{ Lc kdegon}pckoûe hm ld{ idhmld{ mvzmpoimexclm{ mizlmchd{ oe woxpd zcpc wcldpcp lc xdvokohch hm ld{ kdi) z}m{xd{ s}éiokd{ {m g}ehcimexce me hd{ zolcpm{ `ã{okd{, s}m {de ml {}{xpcxd `odlûnokd y ld{ oehokchdpm{ hm xdvokohch% Ml {}{xpcxd `odlûnokd m{ ml icxmpocl nmempclimexm dpnãeokd, wowd d ed, {d`pm ml s}m {m czlokc oe woxpd }e vmed`oûxokd, y k}yc{ pmckkodem{ cexm xcl m{xéi}ld {m mvxpczdlce cl {mp f}iced% @ã{okcimexm, m{ lc g}mexm hm m{x}hod hm }e me{cyd oe woxpd% Lc{ clxmpckodem{ d`xmeohc{ d`xmeohc{ c zcpxop hm }e {}{xpcxd `odlûnokd {m wcld) pce imhocexm ld{ hmedioechd{ oehokchdpm{ hm xdvokohch, s}m {de ld{ zcpãimxpd{ s}m {m hmxmpioece zcpc k}cexogokcp lc{ idhogokckodem{ zpdh}kohc{ me lc m{xp}kx}pc d go{odldnéc hm ld{ kdizdemexm{ hml {}{xpcxd hm me{cyd% Me m{xm {mexohd, ml wcldp zpmhokxowd hml idhmld mvzmpoimexcl oe woxpd hmzmehmpã hm lc `}mec kdeb}e) koûe mexpm {}{xpcxd `odlûnokd y ld{ oehokchdpm{ hm xdvokohch czlokchd{, c}es}m xci`oïe zpm{mexce npce xpc{) kmehmekoc ml zpdxdkdld }xolorchd zcpc lc mvzd{okoûe cl xûvokd y ml zpdkmhoiomexd mizlmchd zcpc mwcl}cp lc {oneogokckoûe m{xché{xokc hm ld{ pm{}lxchd{% Ld{ {}{xpcxd{ `odlûnokd{ iã{ }xolorchd{ {de, `ã{okcimexm2 K}lxowd hm mi`podem{% [m }{ce zpoekozclimexm mi`podem{ &zpm d zd{xoizlcexchd{/ hm pdmhdpm{ d mi`podem{ hm cwm{ &f}m) wd{ gmk}ehchd{/ zcpc mvcioecp lc{ clxmpckodem{ me ml hm{cppdlld y lc hogmpmekockoûe% hogmpmekockoûe% [m kcpckxmporce zdp icexmemp oexckxd {} imxc`dlo{id y {mn}op }e hm{cppdlld m oexmpckkodem{ kml}lcpm{ go{odlûnokd{% K}lxowd y `cód hm ûpnced{% [m }xolorce fénchd, kmpm`pd, fozûgo{o{, élmde, mxk%, s}m {m icexomeme, icexomeme, xcexd éexmnpd{ é exmnpd{ kdid me pdhcbc{, me `cód{ d me k}lxowd% Fce hm oeokocp{m c zcpxop hm ceoiclm{ iã{ ich}pd{ &cl imed{ pmkoïe eckohd{/ y {m kde{mpwce lc{ pmlckodem{ m{zmkoclm{ mexpm ld{ ho{xoexd{ xozd{ hm kïl}lc{% Zpm{mexce zpd`lmic{ hm fozdvoc me ml kmexpd hml ûpnced y hogok}lxchm{ zcpc lc wo{}clorckoûe hm lc{ kdi}eokckodem{ kdi}eokckodem{ oexmpkm) l}lcpm{% Mvzlcexm{ &k}lxowd{ dpncedxézokd{/% Ld{ mvzlcexm{ {de zms}móc{ zomrc{ hm xmbohd, xdichc{ hm ceoiclm{ hm k}cls}omp mhch, k}yc{ kïl}) lc{ oexmpckkodece mexpm {é y kpmkme me k}lxowd h}pcexm {micec{ d im{m{ icexmeomehd lc m{xp}kx}pc xézokc hml ûpnced%
) ;7 )
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) ;> )
Zpdlogmpckoûe kml}lcp% Lc kczckohch hm lc{ kïl}lc{ zcpc i}lxozlokcp{m me k}lxowd m{ oefo`ohc hm gdpic i}y {me{o`lm zdp lc icydpéc hm xûvokd{% Ml oekpmimexd me ml eòimpd hm kïl}lc{ z}mhm mwcl}cp{m `ome zdp ml {oizlm pm) k}mexd hopmkxd me lc idedkczc d kde }e kdexchdp mlmkxpûeokd hm zcpxék}lc{, s}m zmpioxm chmiã{ hm) xmpioecp ml wdl}ime kml}lcp, d `ome me }ec {oizlm kãicpc k}mexcnlû`}ld{ xpc{ xpoz{oeorckoûe% Ckxowohch imxc`ûlokc% Hogmpmexm{ c{zmkxd{ hml imxc`dlo{id y lc ckxowohch kml}lcp z}mhme mwcl}cp{m oe woxpd1 mexpm mlld{ hm{) xckcid{2 Kdexmeohd hm {}{xcekoc{ pmn}lchdpc{% d Ml kdexpdl fdimd{xãxokd hm odem{ oedpnãeokd{ y hm lc kcpnc mempnïxokc chmeolchc m{ }ed hm ld{ c{zmkxd{ iã{ oizdpxcexm{ hml imxc`dlo{id kml}lcp yc s}m {de gckxdpm{ oexmphmzmehome) xm{ y m{mekoclm{ zcpc lc {}zmpwowmekoc kml}lcp% Me kde{mk}mekoc {m hm`m m{zmpcp s}m lc{ {}{xcekoc{ xûvokc{ ho{ioe}yce lc ho{zdeo`olohch hm CXZ y zmpx}p`me ml xpce{zdpxm oûeokd% Lc pmn}lckoûe hm lc kdekmexpckoûe oexpckml}lcp hm odem{ kdid Ec !, A !, Kc 0! y In 0! m{ m{mekocl zcpc ml xpce{zdpxm koxdzlc{iãxokd, lc zpdh}kkoûe hm mempnéc, lc {éexm{o{ hm ickpdidlïk}lc{, lc chfmpmekoc y ml icexmeoiomexd hm lc gdpic kml}lcp, ml kdexpdl hml kokld kml}lcp y lc kdi}eo) kckoûe oexpckml}lcp% Zdp mlld, {} clxmpckoûe oizlokc }e npcwm hm{ms}olo`pod hm{ms}olo`pod nmempcl hm lc kïl}lc% ]xolorckoûe hm lc mempnéc y lc{ clxmpckodem{ meroiãxokc{% d Lc{ idhogokckodem{ me lc pm{zopckoûe y lc nl}kûlo{o{ z}mhme mvcioecp{m zdp ml kde{}id hm D0, lc kczxckoûe hm 38K)nl}kd{c d {} ceãldnd 0)hm{dvonl}kd{c, 0)hm{dvonl}kd{c, lc zpdh}kkoûe hm KD 0 c zcpxop hm nl}kd{c d zop}wcxd icpkchd{, d zdp lc ckxowohch hm meroic{ oizlokchc{ me m{c{ p}xc{ &nl}kd{c)7)gd{gcxc{c, nlokmpclhmféhd);)Z)hm{fohpdnmec{c, lckxcxd)hm{fohpdnmec{c d clhdlc) {c/% Lc{ ckxowohchm{ {}kkoecxd)hm{fohpdnmec{c y iclcxd)hm{fohpdnmec{c {de icpkchdpm{ hml kokld hm ld{ ãkohd{ xpokcp`dvélokd{ y lc koxdkpdid)dvohc{c hm lc kchmec pm{zopcxdpoc% [éexm{o{ hm ickpdidlïk}lc{% d Lc {éexm{o{ hm ãkohd{ e}klmokd{ y zpdxméec{ z}mhm mwcl}cp{m iohomehd lc kczxckoûe kml}lcp hm zpmk}p{dpm{ icpkchd{ pchockxowcimexm, pchockxowcimexm, }pohoec zcpc ml PEC y xoiohoec zcpc ml HEC, cio) edãkohd{ c{oiolc`lm{ kdid lc lm}koec y ml xpozxûgced d ed c{oiolc`lm{ kdid ml ãkohd cioedo) {d`}xépokd zcpc lc {éexm{o{ zpdxmokc, d k}cexogokcehd k}cexogokcehd {} kdexmeohd kml}lcp% Oeh}kkoûe {mlmkxowc hm zpdxméec{% d Lc imhohc hm ld{ kci`od{ k}cexoxcxowd{ y k}cloxcxowd{ me lc {éexm{o{ hm zpdxméec{ m{zmkégokc{ z}mhm {mp }ec m{xpcxmnoc iã{ pmgoechc zcpc mwcl}cp lc koxdxdvokohch y ml hcód kml}lcp, `c) {ãehd{m me lc zpmio{c hm s}m lc{ kïl}lc{ pm{zdehme c lc{ zmpx}p`ckodem{ hm {} mexdped cl) xmpcehd }e cizlod m{zmkxpd hm zpdkm{d{ `ods}éiokd{% Mexpm ld{ imkceo{id{ kml}lcpm{ hm icydp oexmpï{ y {}{kmzxo`lm{ hm oeh}kkoûe, zdhmid{ hm{xckcp ld{ pmlckodechd{ pmlckodechd{ kde ml imxc) `dlo{id mempnïxokd, kde ld{ zpdkm{d{ hm pmzcpckoûe kml}lcp, kde lc {éexm{o{ hm zpdxméec{ m{) xp}kx}pclm{ y hm {}zmpgokom pmlckodechc{ kde lc zpdlogmpckoûe kml}lcp y ml xpce{zdpxm oexpckml}) lcp, y kde ld{ imkceo{id{ hm zpdxmkkoûe y hm{xdvogokckoûe% Imi`pcec{ kml}lcpm{% Lc{ imi`pcec{ kml}lcpm{ z}mhme z}mhme {mp clxmpchc{ zdp ld{ xûvokd{ hm wcpoc{ gdpic{ ho{xoexc{2 Kdizd{okoûe y m{xc`olohch% d Lc oexmpckkoûe hm hogmpmexm{ xûvokd{ kde ld{ imkceo{id{ hm {éexm{o{ d hmnpchckoûe hm lézo) hd{ d zpdxméec{ zpdh}km clxmpckodem{, `ome oem{zmkégokc{, d `ome {mlmkxowc{ {d`pm clnòe xozd hm kdizdemexm hmxmpioechd hm lc{ imi`pcec{ kml}lcpm{% Zmpimc`olohch oûeokc% d Imhocexm m{x}hod{ mlmkxpdgo{odlûnokd{, o{dxûzokd{ y gl}dpoiïxpokd{, kdid lc kcpnc kml}lcp kde kdldpcexm{ zcpc ml kclkod kdid ml G}pc)0, {m fc kdizpd`chd kdizpd`chd lc cgmkxckoûe xûvokc hm kceclm{ ! ! 0! oûeokd{, kdid ld{ hm Ec , A y Kc , y xci`oïe lc zpdh}kkoûe hm lm{odem{ y dpogokod{ hm hogm) pmexm xcicód me lc imi`pcec kml}lcp% [o{xmic{ hm xpce{zdpxm% d Ml m{xchd g}ekodecl hm lc{ imi`pcec{ {m oewm{xonc zdp lc kczckohch hm kczxckoûe hm kdld) pcexm{ zdlcpm{ d hmxmpioechd{ icpkchdpm{ y zdp lc ckxowohch hm ld{ {o{xmic{ meroiãxokd{ oizlokchd{ me ml xpce{zdpxm hm odem{ y idlïk}lc{, kdid lc `di`c hm {dhod y zdxc{od% Kdi}eokckoûe oexmpkml}lcp% C xpcwï{ hm ld{ kdizlmbd{ hm }eoûe, lc{ kïl}lc{ oexmpkci`oce hopmkxcimexm idlïk}lc{ idlïk}lc{ hm fc{xc 3::: Hclxde{ hm zm{d idlmk}lcp% Ld{ iïxdhd{ mizlmchd{ zcpc {} m{x}hod {de i}y wcpochd{ m oekl}yme ml mlmkxpdckdzlciomexd, lc oeymkkoûe hm kdldpcexm{, lc xpce{gmpmekoc hm kdldpcexm{, lc kddzmpckoûe im) xc`ûlokc d lc pmk}zmpckoûe hm lc gl}dpm{kmekoc xpc{ gdxdhmkdldpckoûe%
) ;6 )
Oehokchdpm{ m{zmkégokd{% Hm ck}mphd kde lc{ kcpckxmpé{xokc{ zpdzoc{ hm kchc ûpnced y {o{xmic, z}mhme oewm{xoncp{m clxmpc) kodem{ m{zmkégokc{ me lc m{xp}kx}pc y go{odldnéc hm ld{ hogmpmexm{ xozd{ kml}lcpm{% C{é, imhocexm iïxd) hd{ oei}edkoxds}éiokd{, {m ohmexogokce y k}cexogokce idlïk}lc{ m{zmkégokc{, meroic{, pmkmzxdpm{ y dxpd{ kdizdemexm{ kml}lcpm{%
XXMIC MIC 003% 3% P mckkodem{ cch hw mp {c{ i mhokcimexd{c{% hwwmp{c{ Pmckkodem{ imhokcimexd{c{% G}ehcimexclimexm, }e imhokcimexd &d gãpickd, {mnòe ml kc{d/ fckm pmgmpmekoc c xdhc {}{xcekoc mvûnm) ec cl dpnceo{id s}m m{ kczcr hm zpmwmeop, clowocp, k}pcp d hocned{xokcp }ec hmxmpioechc megmpimhch, idho) gokcehd, me lc icydpéc hm ld{ kc{d{, lc{ g}ekodem{ `odlûnokc{ `odlûnokc{ edpiclm{ hml dpnceo{id% Zdp pmnlc nmempcl, }e imhokcimexd m{ {omizpm `memgokod{d zcpc ml dpnceo{id1 {oe mi`cpnd, mvo{xme kc{d{ me ld{ s}m z}mhme zpdh}kop hmxmpioechc{ pmckkodem{ chwmp{c{ &xûvokc{/, nmempclimexm lmwm{, s}m hm`me {mp zpmwmeohc{ zpmwmeohc{ kde ml goe hm ldnpcp ml icydp `memgokod zd{o`lm fckoc ml zckomexm% Me m{xm {mexohd, xdhd imhokcimexd hm`m {mp {d) imxohd c xpm{ xozd{ hm m{x}hod{ zpmwod{ c {} kdimpkoclorckoûe2 c/ M{x}hod{ imhokcimexd{d{ imhokcimexd{d{ “oe woxpd’% `/ M{x}hod{ imhokcimexd{d{ imhokcimexd{d{ “oe wowd’ wowd’ me ceoiclm{% k/ M{x}hod{ imhokcimexd imhokcimexd{d{ {d{ “oe wowd’ me {mpm{ f}iced{ f}iced{ &me{cyd{ &me{cyd{ kléeokd{/% kléeokd{/% Ld{ me{cyd{ kléeokd{, c {} wmr, {}mlme kdizpmehmp m{x}hod{ hm k}cxpd xozd{ ho{xoexd{2 Me{cyd{ hm gc{m O% Oewm{xonce lc {mn}pohch hm }e hmxmpioechd imhokcimexd me }e zms}mód eòimpd hm zckome) xm{ wdl}excpod{ {ced{% [}zdeme m{x}hod{ {d`pm lc gcpickdhoecioc y gcpickdkoeïxokc hm }e imhokcimexd kdekpmxd% Me{cyd{ hm gc{m OO% Oewm{xonce lc hd{o{ {mn}pc y mgmkxowc me }e hmxmpioechd eòimpd hm zckomexm{ {mlmkkodechd{ wdl}excpod{% Me m{xm {mexohd, m{ gpmk}mexm s}m {m fcnce kde np}zd{ hm zckomexm{ hm kcpck) xmpé{xokc{ m{zmkoclm{ &zdp mbmizld, zckomexm{ kde oe{}gokomekoc pmecl/% [}zdeme m{x}hod{ m{x}hod{ {d`pm ld{ mgmkxd{ y lc gcpickdkoeïxokc hm }e imhokcimexd imhokcimexd kdekpmxd% Me{cyd{ hm gc{m OOO% Hmxmpioece lc pmlckoûe `memgokod$pom{nd, xcexd c kdpxd kdid c lcpnd zlcrd, hm }e hmxmpioec) hd imhokcimexd {d`pm zckomexm{ {mlmkkodechd{ wdl}excpod{, me ld{ s}m {m oekl}yme np}zd{ m{zmkoclm{ &zdp mbmizld, cekoced{/% [de me{cyd{ kléeokd{ cizlod{ s}m pms}ompme }e pon}pd{d kdexpdl% Me{cyd{ hm gc{m OW% Kdexpdlce lc mwdl}koûe hm }e hmxmpioechd np}zd hm zckomexm{ xpc{ lc kdimpkoclorckoûe kdimpkoclorckoûe hm }e imhokcimexd kdekpmxd &gcpickdwonolcekoc/% @ã{okcimexm, hmxmpioece pmckkodem{ chwmp{c{ s}m czcpmkme c lcpnd zlcrd, d pmckkodem{ chwmp{c{ s}m {}mlme zc{cp oechwmpxohc{ h}pcexm ld{ zpoimpd{ me{cyd{ kléeokd{% [mnòe lc Dpnceorckoûe I}ehocl hm lc [cl}h &DI[/, }ec pmckkoûe chwmp{c imhokcimexd{c &PCI/ fckm pmgmpmekoc c xdhd mgmkxd edkowd y ed hm{mchd hm }e imhokcimexd s}m czcpmkm kde lc{ hd{o{ fc`ox}climexm }{chc{ zcpc ml hocneû{xokd, lc xmpczï}xokc hm }ec megmpimhch d lc idhogokckoûe hm }ec g}ekoûe go{odlûnokc% Me m{xm {mexohd, òeokcimexm {m kde{ohmpc }ec PCI k}cehd {m {on}m }ec zc}xc hmxmpioechc mexpm hd{ hd{o) gokckodem{ ho{xoexc{ kde }e io{id imhokcimexd, me g}ekoûe hm lc wéc hm chioeo{xpckoûe y ml xomizd hm xpcxc) iomexd emkm{cpod zcpc kdexpcppm{xcp lc megmpimhch% C{é z}m{, }ec PCI ed {m kde{ohmpc me cs}mlld{ kc{d{ hm {d`pmhd{ogokckoûe eo me cs}mlld{ kc{d{ me ld{ s}m ed {m {on}me lc{ oe{xp}kkodem{ hm hd{ogokckoûe czdpxc) hc{ zdp ml iïhokd% C idhd nmempcl, lc{ PCI z}mhme klc{ogokcp{m me k}cxpd kcxmndpéc{ ho{xoexc{2 PCI hm xozd C &“c}nimexmh’ /% /% M{xãe pmlckodechc{ kde lc ckkoûe gcpickdlûnokc hm }e hmxmpioechd imhokcimexd% Me m{xm {mexohd, {de i}y zpmhmko`lm{% Hmzmehme hopmkxcimexm hm lc hd{o{ chioeo{xpchc1 c{é z}m{, }ec ho{ioe}koûe hm lc hd{o{ hml imhokcimexd z}mhm {}zdemp lc {}zpm{oûe hml mgmkxd edkowd% Z}mhme cgmkxcp hm }ec gdpic kdekpmxc c hmxmpioechd{ np}zd{ hm zckomexm{ &zdp mbmizld, cln}ed{ gãpickd{ γ)`lds}mcexm{ {de kczckm{ hm zpdh}kop }ec icpkchc fozdxme{oûe zd{x}pcl me cekoced{/% C zm{cp hm {mp lc{ pmck) kodem{ chwmp{c{ iã{ gpmk}mexm{ &clpmhmhdp hml 6:- hm ld{ kc{d{/, ed {}mlme {mp hmic{ochd hmic{ochd npcwm{ zcpc ml dpnceo{id%
) ;? )
PCI hm xozd @ d mvxpcóc{ &“`orcppm’ /% /% Ed m{xãe pmlckodechc{ kde lc ckkoûe gcpickdlûnokc hm }e hmxmpioechd imhokcimexd, zdp ld s}m ed pm{}lxce zpmhmko`lm{% E}ekc hmzmehme hm lc hd{o{ chioeo{xpchc1 c{é z}m{, {m pms}ompm }ec {}zpm) {oûe kdizlmxc hml gãpickd zcpc mloioecp ml mgmkxd edkowd% [}mlme xmemp }e kdizdemexm oei}edlûnokd d nmeïxokd kcpckxmporchd &zdp mbmizld, {fdka cecgolãkxokd/% C zm{cp hm {mp pmckkodem{ chwmp{c{ zdkd gpmk}mexm{ &imed{ hml 0:- hm ld{ kc{d{/, {}mlme {mp zdxmekoclimexm idpxclm{ zcpc ml dpnceo{id% PCI hm xozd K &“kfpdeok’ /% /% Czcpmkme hm gdpic nmempcl c zcpxop hm lcpnd{ xpcxciomexd{ kpûeokd{ kde }e hmxmpioechd imhokcime) xd &zdp mbmizld, ml kc{d hml xpcxciomexd hm }ec emgpdzcxéc kde ceclnï{okd{/% [de i}y zdkd gpmk}me) xm{, y nmempclimexm {m c{dkoce kde lc{ PCI hm xozd C y$d @% PCI hm xozd H &“hmlcymh’ /% /% Fckme pmgmpmekoc c lc zpdh}kkoûe hm mgmkxd{ xmpcxûnmed{ me ml dpnceo{id &oeh}kkoûe hm cedicléc{ y ide{xp}d{ohchm{ me hogmpmexm{ nmempckodem{/% [de i}y zdkd gpmk}mexm{, y nmempclimexm {m c{d) koce kde lc{ PCI hm xozd C y$d @% Cfdpc `ome, ´zdp s}ï hm`m zpmzcpcp{m ml gcpickï}xokd me xdhc cs}mllc icxmpoc pmlckodechc kde lc{ PCI4 @ã{okcimexm, mvo{xme {omxm gckxdpm{2 H}pcexm ld{ òlxoid{ cód{, lc{ PCI fce chs}opohd }ec icydp oizdpxcekoc &zdp mbmizld, lc zd`lckoûe i}ehocl xomehm kde npce zpdg}{oûe c }ec wmbmr zpdnpm{owc1 me m{xm {mexohd, kchc wmr mvo{xme iã{ zmp{dec{ cekocec{, edpiclimexm zdloimhokchc{, fmkfd s}m oizlokc zd{o) `lm{ oexmpckkodem{ mexpm gãpickd{ y, kde{mk}mexmimexm, }ec icydp zpd`c`olohch hm czcpo) koûe hm howmp{c{ PCI/, zdp ld s}m hm`me {mp xpcxchc{ zdp ml icydp eòimpd hm zmp{decl {c) eoxcpod zd{o`lm% Lc{ PCI ed xomeme iceogm{xckodem{ kléeokc{ m{zmkégokc{, zdp ld s}m, me lc icydpéc hm ld{ kc{d{, {m fckm zpãkxokcimexm oizd{o`lm c{dkocp {}{ mgmkxd{ kde }ec hmxmpioechc zcxdldnéc% zdloiûpgokc y, cl io{id xomizd, z}mhm {mp kd) Lc kléeokc hm lc{ PCI m{ mvxpcdphoecpocimexm zdloiûpgokc edkohc &mvz}m{xc me `o`lodnpcgéc{ d `c{m{ hm hcxd{/ d hm{kdedkohc% Lc{ PCI z}mhme llmncp c {mp i}y hogékolm{ hm hmxmkxcp, yc s}m i}kfc{ hm mllc{ czcpmkme xpc{ }e xpcxciomexd zpdldenchd, xpc{ lc {}zpm{oûe hml xpcxciomexd, d `ome c zcpxop hm }e hm{c) ppdlld lcpwchd &lmexc y zpdnpm{owcimexm/% zpdnpm{owcimexm/% Lc{ PCI ho{ioe}yme lc kclohch hm wohc hm ld{ zckomexm{ imhokchd{, zdp ld s}m mvo{xm }ec oizdpxcexm emkm{ohch {dkocl hm ckmpkciomexd cl gcpickï}xokd zcpc lc {}zpm{oûe hm lc icyd) péc hm mgmkxd{ edkowd{ zpdh}kohd{ zdp }e hmxmpioechd imhokcimexd% Mvo{xm }ec lmy hm pmn}lckoûe hm {mpwokod{ hm lc{ dgokoec{ hm gcpickoc me lc s}m {m hmxmpioec s}m “lc dgokoec hm gcpickoc m{ }e m{xc`lmkoiomexd {ceoxcpod me ml s}m ml gcpickï}xokd xox}lcp hm`mpã zpm{xcp, mexpm dxpc{ kd{c{, lc oegdpickoûe y ml {mn}oiomexd hm ld{ xpcxciomexd{ gcp) ickdlûnokd{ ickdlûnokd{ c ld{ zckomexm{’% Lc DI[ kde{ohmpc lc{ PCI kdid }ed hm ld{ kdimxohd{ c hm{cppdllcp zdp ml gcpickï}xokd me ml {o{xmic hm cxmekoûe c lc {cl}h zcpc imbdpcp lc cxmekoûe c{o{xmekocl cl zckomexm% C idhd nmempcl, lc gcpickdwonolcekoc {m hm{kpo`m kdid ml iïxdhd s}m m{x}hoc ld{ mgmkxd{, xcexd zd{oxowd{ kdid emncxowd{, hm }e hmxmpioechd gãpickd hm{z}ï{ hm {} kdimpkoclorckoûe {d`pm }e zckomexm d }e np}zd hm zckomexm{ kdekpmxd{% [}{ zpoekozclm{ d`bmxowd{ {de2 Ohmexogokcp e}mwc{ PCI% d K}cexogokcp ld{ mgmkxd{ hm }e gãpickd% d Xdicp imhohc{ pmn}lchdpc{ hm }e gãpickd% d Oegdpicp cl {ceoxcpod zpoicpod {d`pm zd{o`lm{ mgmkxd{ emncxowd{% d d Hmxmpioecp gckxdpm{ zpmho{zdemexm{ hm }e hmxmpioechd np}zd hm zckomexm{% @ã{okcimexm, }e zpd`lmic hm {cl}h &Z[/ fckm pmgmpmekoc c xdhd cs}mlld s}m pms}ompm &d z}mhm pms}mpop/ }ec ckkoûe zdp zcpxm hml cnmexm hm {cl}h &iïhokd, gcpickï}xokd, kléeokd, mxk%, {mnòe ml kc{d/, m{ hmkop, k}cl) s}omp s}mbc, d`{mpwckoûe d fmkfd s}m }e cnmexm hm {cl}h zmpko`m kdid }ec hm{wockoûe hml m{xchd hm edp) iclohch% Me lc ckx}clohch, mvo{xme ho{xoexd{ kpoxmpod{ }xolorchd{ zcpc hmxmpioecp s}m }e zpd`lmic hm {cl}h m{ hm`ohd c }ec PCI, c {c`mp2 ]e Z[ pmlckodechd kde }ec PCI hm`m {mp [OMIZPM zd{xmpodp c lc xdic hm }e imhokcimexd &{m) k}mekoc xmizdpcl/% Me m{xm {mexohd, }e Z[ z}mhm czcpmkmp oeimhocxcimexm hm{z}ï{ hm }ec oenm{xc imhokcimexd{c, z}mhm czcpmkmp c zcpxop hm ld{ zdkd{ héc{, c zcpxop hm wcpod{ cód{ d oekl}{d me nm) empckodem{ zd{xmpodpm{% ]e Z[ pmlckodechd kde }ec PCI z}mhm hm{czcpmkmp kdid kde{mk}mekoc hm lc {}zpm{oûe hml xpcxc) iomexd% Me m{xm {mexohd, m{ i}y zpd`c`lm zme{cp s}m ld{ mgmkxd{ edkowd{ {mce zpdh}kohd{ hopmkxc) imexm zdp ml gãpickd chioeo{xpchd%
) 8: )
]e Z[ pmlckodechd kde }ec PCI z}mhm czcpmkmp kdid kde{mk}mekoc hm lc pmoexpdh}kkoûe hm }e gãpickd% Me m{xm {mexohd, m{ i}y zpd`c`lm zme{cp s}m ml gãpickd chioeo{xpchd m{ lc zpoekozcl g}me) xm hm dponme hml mgmkxd edkowd% ]e Z[ z}mhm czcpmkmp zdp lc mvo{xmekoc hm kc}{c{ clxmpecxowc{ c }ec PCI kdekpmxc% Zdp mbmizld, }e zckomexm z}mhm m{xcp xdicehd cl io{id xomizd hd{ gãpickd{ kdexpchokxdpod{, d `ome z}mhm {}gpop }e zpd`lmic hm {cl}h lmwm kczcr hm cnpcwcp{m kde lc xdic hm }e gãpickd% ]e Z[ pms}ompm }e kdedkoiomexd zpmwod hm lc PCI pmlckodechc kde ml gãpickd chioeo{xpchd, fmkfd s}m {m kde{on}m c zcpxop hm }ec `}mec `o`lodnpcgéc gcpickdlûnokc, s}m zmpioxm kdedkmp ld{ mgmkxd{ chwmp{d{ hm lc icydpéc hm imhokcimexd{ kdedkohd{% G}ehcimexclimexm, G}ehcimexclimexm, ld{ m{x}hod{ zd{xkdimpkoclorckoûe {d`pm lc{ PCI {}mlme llmwcp{m c kc`d zdp edxogokckoûe m{zdexãemc, s}m me cln}ed{ zcé{m{ m{ wdl}excpoc y me dxpd{ m{ hm kcpãkxmp d`loncxdpod, zdp zcpxm hml zmp{d) ecl {ceoxcpod kdppm{zdehomexm &gcpickï}xokd, &gcpickï}xokd, iïhokd, CX[, mxk%/% Me m{xm {mexohd y me ml kc{d s}m ed{ dk}zc, xdhc dgokoec hm gcpickoc hm`m zpm{mexcp lc{ hmedioechc{ “fdbc{ hm edxogokckoûe hm {d{zmkfc hm pmckkoûe chwmp{c c }e imhokcimexd’ s}m hm`m pmllmecp y icehcp wéc zd{xcl c }e dpnceo{id {}zmpodp, {omizpm y k}cehd kpmc emkm{cpod s}m }e hmxmpioechd zckomexm emkm{oxc {} kdlc`dpckoûe m{zdexãemc% Me M{zcóc, }e gcpickï}xokd ed xomem lc d`lonckoûe lmncl hm llmwcp c kc`d }ec edxogokckoûe wdl}excpoc {d`pm }ec zd{o`lm PCI1 zdp m{xm idxowd, ld{ gckxdpm{ ïxokd{ y idpclm{ hm`me {mp pmlmwcexm{ me m{xd{ kc{d{% Me cln}ec{ dkc{odem{, ld{ zckomexm{ {de ld{ s}m hopmkxcimexm {m dgpmkme zcpc m{x}hocp y kdexpdlcp {} kc{d% Lc{ PCI xci`oïe z}m) hme m{x}hocp{m c xpcwï{ hm lc{ ho{xoexc{ z}`lokckodem{ mhoxchc{ me pmwo{xc{ komexégokc{, d imhocexm }ec kd) emvoûe mexpm howmp{c{ `c{m{ hm hcxd{ &ml imhod iã{ kdedkohd hm oegdpickoûe ckx}cl m{ Oexmpemx/% Me cln}ed{ kc{d{, oekl}{d, {m llmwc c kc`d lc ideoxdporckoûe oexme{owc hm zckomexm{ fd{zoxclorchd{ zcpc zdhmp hmxmpio) ecp }ec PCI kdekpmxc% ]e imhokcimexd, kde ml goe hm c}imexcp lc kclohch hm wohc hml zckomexm, zpoekozcl d`bmxowd, hm`m k}izlop xpm{ pms}o{oxd{ g}ehcimexclm{2 g}ehcimexclm{2 c/ hm`m {mp emkm{cpod, `/ hm`m {mp mgmkxowd, y k/ hm`m {mp {mn}pd% Fcy dkc{odem{ me lc{ s}m, zdp ho{xoexd{ idxowd{, }e imhokcimexd ed k}izlm cln}ec hm m{xc{ zpmio{c{% Me m{xd{ kc{d{ {m z}mhm fc`lcp hm }e zpd`lmic hm {cl}h pmlckodechd kde ml imhokcimexd &ZPI/% @ã{okc) imexm, ld{ ZPI {de zpd`lmic{ hm {cl}h, mexmehohd{ kdid pm{}lxchd{ kléeokd{ emncxowd{, hmpowchd{ hm lc gcpickdxmpczoc s}m, zpdh}kohd{ zdp howmp{c{ kc}{c{, kdeh}kme c lc ed kde{mk}koûe hml d`bmxowd xmpczï}xokd d c lc czcpokoûe hm mgmkxd{ ed hm{mchd{% Me g}ekoûe hml pms}o{oxd cl s}m fckme pmgmpmekoc, mvo{xme ho{xoexd{ xozd{ hm ZPI, g}ehcimexclimexm2 Me k}cexd cl gckxdp emkm{ohch, zdhmid{ ho{xoen}op2 ZPI3% Ml zckomexm {}gpm }e zpd`lmic hm {cl}h hm`ohd c s}m ed }{c }e imhokcimexd s}m emkm{oxc &oek}izloiomexd hml xpcxciomexd/% xp cxciomexd/% ZPI0% Ml zckomexm {}gpm }e zpd`lmic hm {cl}h hm`ohd c s}m }{c }e imhokcimexd s}m ed emkm{oxc &zpm{kpozkoûe oekde{komexm d ed kde{komexm/% Me k}cexd cl gckxdp mgmkxowohch, zdhmid{ ho{xoen}op2 ZPI;% Ml zckomexm {}gpm }e zpd`lmic hm {cl}h hm`ohd c s}m ed pm{zdehm cl xpcxciomexd, ed {omehd zpd`lmic hm hd{o{ &oemgmkxowohch hm dponme k}cloxcxowd/% ZPI8% Ml zckomexm {}gpm }e zpd`lmic hm {cl}h hm`ohd c s}m ed pm{zdehm cl xpcxciomexd, {omehd zpd`lmic hm hd{o{ &oemgmkxowohch hm dponme k}cexoxcxowd/% Me k}cexd cl gckxdp {mn}pohch, zdhmid{ ho{xoen}op2 ZPI=% Ml zckomexm {}gpm }e zpd`lmic hm {cl}h pm{}lxcexm hm }ec gclxc hm {mn}pohch ed hm) zmehomexm hm hd{o{ &oe{mn}pohch hm dponme k}cloxcxowd/% ZPI7% Ml zckomexm {}gpm }e zpd`lmic hm {cl}h pm{}lxcexm hm }ec gclxc hm {mn}pohch hmzme) homexm hm hd{o{ &oe{mn}pohch hm dponme k}cexoxcxowd/% Lc cxmekoûe gcpickï}xokc &CG/ {m z}mhm hmgoeop kdid lc pmclorckoûe hm }e {mn}oiomexd gcpickdxmpczï}xokd gcpickdxmpczï}xokd &[GX/ me }e hmxmpioechd hmxmpioechd zckomexm kde ld{ {on}omexm{ d`bmxowd{2 c/ Pm{zde{c`olorcp{m Pm{zde{c`olorcp{m hm lc{ emkm{ohchm{ emkm{ohchm{ hml hml zckomexm pmlckodechc{ pmlckodechc{ kde kde ml imhokcimexd% imhokcimexd% `/ Hmxmkxcp, zpmwmeop zpmwmeop y pm{dlwmp zpd`lmic{ pmlckodechd{ pmlckodechd{ kde ml imhokcimexd imhokcimexd &ZPI/% k/ Fckmp }e {mn}oiomexd {mn}oiomexd hml hml xpcxciomexd hml zckomexm hm gdpic kdexoe}chc, kdexoe}chc, {o{xmicxorchc {o{xmicxorchc y hdk}ime) xchc zcpc s}m ï{xm d`xmenc ml iãvoid `memgokod hm ld{ imhokcimexd{ s}m m{xã xdicehd% h/ Kdlc`dpcp kde kde ml zckomexm zckomexm y ml pm{xd hml ms}ozd ms}ozd hm {cl}h &iïhokd, &iïhokd, mxk%/% m/ Clkcercp pm{}lxchd{ pm{}lxchd{ kdekpmxd{ kdekpmxd{ s}m imbdpme imbdpme lc kclohch hm wohc hml hml zckomexm% zckomexm%
) 83 )
Lc CG c{}im s}m2 Ml gcpickï}xokd e}ekc hm`m, z}m{xd s}m ed m{ ml mvzmpxd me megmpimhchm{2 Fckmp ceãiem{o{% ceãiem{o{% d Hocned{xokcp d zpded{xokcp megmpimhchm{% megmpimhchm{% d Zpm{kpo`op imhokcimexd{% imhokcimexd{% d Kci`ocp hd{ogokckodem{ hd{ogokckodem{ y zc}xc{ zpm{kpoxc{% d d [mn}op lc mwdl}koûe hm }ec megmpimhch% Ml gcpickï}xokd, kdid mvzmpxd me imhokcimexd{, hm`m2 Pmclorcp ml {mn}oiomexd hm ld{ xpcxciomexd{ gcpickdlûnokd{% gcpickdlûnokd{% d @}{kcp, mekdexpcp y hdk}imexcp zpd`lmic{ pmlckodechd{ kde ld{ imhokcimexd{ &ZPI/, d iceogm{xchd{ d ed% Oegdpicp cl zckomexm hm ld{ ZPI mekdexpchd{ zcpc xpcxcp hm pm{dlwmpld{ hm gdpic kdeb}exc d, d me {} kc{d, oegdpicp cl imhokd zcpc s}m, }ec wmr wcldpchd ml gckxdp `memgokod)pom{nd, hmkohc {o {m hm`m {mn}op kde ml io{id xpcxciomexd d `ome {m hm`me pmclorcp ld{ kci`od{ s}m {m kde{ohmpme dzdpx}ed{% Hdk}imexcp Hdk}imexcp pm{}lxchd{% d Fdy me héc, kde lc goeclohch hm hmxmpioecp zd{o`lm{ zpd`lmic{ pmlckodechd{ kde ld{ imhokcimexd{, {m fc zpdz}m{xd lc hmedioechc imxdhdldnéc HCHMP% Me m{xm {mexohd, kde xdhd{ ld{ imhokcimexd{ s}m }xolorc }e zckomexm kdekpmxd y xdhd{ ld{ zpd`lmic{ hm {cl}h &Z[/ kdedkohd{, {m kdiomerc }e zpdkm{d {o{xmiãxokd y pmzmxoxowd s}m kde{o{xm me pmclorcp xpm{ zpmn}exc{ zcpc kchc imhokcimexd y }ec zpmn}exc chokodecl zcpc lc xdxclohch hm lc gcpickdxmpczoc g cpickdxmpczoc hml zckomexm% M{xc{ zpmn}exc{ {de2 ´Ml zckomexm emkm{oxc ml imhokcimexd V4 Mexmehmid{ s}m }e zckomexm emkm{oxc }e imhokcimexd {o g}m zpm{kpoxd kde{komexmimexm zdp }e iïhokd zcpc }ec oehokckoûe s}m {m c{mimbc c }ed hm ld{ zpd`lmic{ hm {cl}h s}m xomem ml zckomexm% Ed {m wcldpc me m{xm z}exd {o lc mlmkkoûe m{ lc s}m ml gcpickï}xokd kde{ohmpc imbdp zcpc ml zckomexm &ml gcpickï}xokd ed mlonm m{xpcxmnoc{ xmpczï}xokc{/% xmpczï}xokc{/% [o ml zckomexm ed emkm{oxc ml imhokcimexd, mvo{xm }e ZPI xozd 0% mgmkx owd4 ´Ml imhokcimexd V m{ mgmkxowd4 Mexmehmid{ s}m }e imhokcimexd m{ mgmkxowd k}cehd m{ kczcr hm mloioecp xdxcl d zcpkoclimexm ml {éexdic zdp ml k}cl g}m zpm{kpoxd% Z}mhm fc`mp {ox}ckodem{ me s}m lc imbdpéc, {oe llmncp c lc xdxclohch, {mc xce iceogom{xc s}m ckmzxcid{ s}m lc mgmkxowohch {m fc clkcerchd% Me kc{d hm s}m ml imhokc) imexd me k}m{xoûe ed m{xï fckomehd ml mgmkxd hm{mchd, ed{ zpmn}excpmid{ {o m{c oemgmkxowohch xomem s}m wmp kde lc hd{o{ s}m pmclimexm pmko`m ml zckomexm &y s}m zc{c c wé c {o{xïiokc/ d ed% [o xomem s}m wmp kde lc hd{o{ mvo{xopã }e ZPI xozd 8, y hm ld kdexpcpod {mpã }e ZPI xozd ;% ´Ml imhokcimexd V m{ {mn}pd4 Mexmehmid{ s}m }e imhokcimexd m{ {mn}pd k}cehd ed iceogom{xc mgmkxd{ ed hm{mchd{, zdp lmwm{ s}m z}mhce {mp% [o kde{ohmpcid{ s}m ed fcy {}gokomexm {mn}pohch, hm`mid{ zpmn}excped{ {o m{c oe) {mn}pohch m{ hm`ohc c }ec hd{o{ d zc}xc mlmwchc, zdp ld s}m mvo{xm }e ZPI xozd 7, d {o ed xomem s}m wmp kde lc hd{o{ d zc}xc, ld s}m {mpã }e ZPI xozd =% ´Gclxc clnòe xpcxciomexd zcpc ld{ zpd`lmic{ hm {cl}h hml zckomexm4 C b}okod hml gcpickï}xokd, {o gclxc{m clnòe xpcxciomexd zcpc }e zpd`lmic hm {cl}h s}m ed g}m{m }e mgmkxd ed hm{mchd hm dxpd cexmpodp, fc`péc }e ZPI xozd 3% Zcpc llmwcp c kc`d }e {mn}oiomexd gcpickdxmpczï}xokd &[GX/ {m {}mlm {mlmkkodecp }e hmxmpioechd hmxmpioechd zckomexm, cl s}m {m lm hm`m dgpmkmp ml {mpwokod hm hokfc cxmekoûe% [o ml zckomexm hm{mc {mp wdl}excpod, {m zpdkmhm c hmxmpioecp ld{ hmedioechd{ hcxd{ hm {cl}h% Me }e zpoekozod {m m{xc`lmkme lc{ zd{o`lm{ zpmdk}zckodem{ gcpickdxmpczï}xokc{ hml zckomexm% C kdexoe}ckoûe, zcpc kchc imhokcimexd s}m }xolorc, {m zpdzdeme homr k}m{xodem{2 3/ ´ld xdic4, 0/ ´s}oïe ld pmkmxû4, ;/ ´zcpc s}ï4, 8/ ´kûid lm wc4, =/ ´hm{hm k}cehd4, 7/ ´k}ãexd4, >/ ´kûid4, 6/ ´fc{xc k}cehd4, ?/ ´cln}ec hogok}lxch me ml xpcxciomexd4, y 3:/ ´clnd mvxpcód me lc imhokckoûe4% Zd{xmpodpimexm {m zpdkmhm c zpmn}excp {d`pm imhokcimexd{ cexmpodpm{ s}m xmûpokcimexm yc ed {de emkm{cpod{2 3/ ´ld xdic4, 0/ ´zcpc s}ï4, ;/ ´kûid lm wc4, y 8/ ´clnd mvxpcód me lc imhokckoûe4% C kdexoe}ckoûe, cexm{ hm kdekpmxcp ld{ hcxd{ zmp{declm{ hml zckomexm, hm gdpic xdxclimexm zpowchc y ceûeoic, {m fckm }e pmzc{d nld`cl hm lc {ox}ckoûe% Zdp òlxoid {m pm{}im lc {ox}ckoûe hml zckomexm kde ml goe hm hmxmp) ioecp zd{o`lm{ ZPI% Zcpc kdekpmxcp c s}ï m{ hm`ohd }e zd{o`lm ZPI {m zpdkmhm c lc yc imekodechc imxd) hdldnéc HCHMP zcpc kchc imhokcimexd me k}m{xoûe% Kdid kdekl}{oûe goecl, {m hokm s}m {m fc pm{}mlxd }e ZPI k}cehd lc oexmpwmekoûe s}m {m fc pmclorchd zcpc pm{dlwmpld fc hchd l}ncp c lc hm{czcpokoûe d imbdpc zclzc`lm hml zpd`lmic hm {cl}h s}m ld dponoeû% [o còe k}cehd lc oexmpwmekoûe fcyc {ohd lc kdppmkxc ed fc hm{czcpmkohd d imbdpchd ml zpd`lmic hm {cl}h, {m hokm s}m ed {m fc pm{}mlxd ml zd{o`lm ZPI%
) 80 )
XXMIC MIC 000% [o{xmic eempwod{d% mp wod{d% 000%% [o{xmic Cecxûiokcimexm, ml {o{xmic empwod{d z}mhm howohop{m me {o{xmic empwod{d kmexpcl &[EK/ y me {o{xmic empwod{d zmpogïpokd &[EZ/% Ml zpoimpd m{xã oexmnpchd zdp ml mekïgcld &kmpm`pd/, s}m llmwc chd{chd ml kmpm) `mld, ml xclld kmpm`pcl kde ml `}l`d, y lc iïh}lc m{zoecl, ldkclorchc me lc kdl}iec wmpxm`pcl% Ml [EZ m{xã gdp) ichd zdp ld{ empwod{ {me{oxowd{ &s}m pmkdnme ld{ m{xéi}ld{ hm ld{ ûpnced{ hm ld{ {mexohd{/ y zdp ld{ empwod{ idxdpm{ &s}m llmwce lc{ ûphmem{ c ld{ iò{k}ld{/% Kchc empwod m{xã gdpichd zdp }e fcr hm em}pdec{, b}exd kde wc{d{ {cen}éemd{ y xmbohd hm {d{xïe% Lc }eohch g}ekodecl hml [E m{ lc em}pdec, kïl}lc i}y m{zmkoclo) rchc, me lc s}m kc`m ho{xoen}op ml k}mpzd kml}lcp d zmpokcpoûe, lc{ hmehpoxc{ d pciogokckodem{ em}pdeclm{, y lc kdlc kml}lcp d cvûe, s}m xmpioec me ml hmedioechd zom d `dxûe zpm{oeãzxokd% Ml cvûe hm }ec em}pdec m{xã {mzcpchd hm lc s}m lm {on}m zdp ml hmedioechd m{zckod {oeãzxokd, kczcr hm {mp cxpcwm{chd zdp }ec{ {}{) xcekoc{ kdedkohc{ kdid em}pdxpce{io{dpm{, gdpic s}éiokc hm kdi}eokcp ml oiz}l{d empwod{d% M{xm mgmkxd edpiclimexm mvkoxc lc em}pdec {on}omexm, zmpd me dkc{odem{ xomem }e mgmkxd oefo`ohdp d idh}lchdp% Nmem) pclimexm, kchc xozd hm em}pdec {oexmxorc }ec {dlc klc{m hm em}pdxpce{io{dp, em}pdxpce{io{dp, s}m {m ck}i}lc me lc{ hmedio) echc{ wm{ék}lc{ {oeãzxokc{, c eowml hml `dxûe zpm{oeãzxokd% K}cehd llmnc }e m{xéi}ld, }e eòimpd hm wm{ék}) lc{ zpdzdpkodecl c {} oexme{ohch {m czpdvoic c lc hmedioechc imi`pcec {oeãzxokc y wompxm ml em}pdxpce{io) {dp me lc fmehoh}pc d m{zckod {oeãzxokd% Ml zpdkm{d hm oexmpckkoûe mexpm hd{ em}pdec{ kde{mk}xowc{, wéc kc`mrc)kdlc, {m kdedkm `cbd ml edi`pm hm {oecz{o{% ]ec wmr ckxòc ml em}pdxpce{io{dp, hm`m {mp hm{xp}ohd zdp meroic{ m{zmkégokc{ d pmkczxchd zdp ml xmpioecl cvûeokd, z}m{ me kc{d kdexpcpod {m zpdh}kopéc }ec pm{) z}m{xc mvckmp`chc% C{é, zdp mbmizld, ld{ em}xpce{io{dpm{ ciéeokd{ {de hm{xp}ohd{ zdp lc{ meroic{ id) edcioeddvohc{c{ edcioeddvohc{c{ &ICD/% Dxpd{ imhochdpm{ hm xozd ï{xmp {de fohpdlorchd{ fohpdlorchd{ zdp m{xmpc{c{% Ld{ em}pdxpce{io) {dpm{ iã{ kdedkohd{ {de lc ckmxolkdloec, lc edpchpmecloec, lc chpmecloec, lc hdzcioec y lc {mpdxdeoec, zmpd xci`oïe {m kdedkme oizdpxcexm{ zczmlm{ hm{mizmóchd{ zdp dxpd{ imhochdpm{ kdid ml nl}xcicxd, lc nloko) ec, ml c{zcpxcxd, mxk%, s}m zcpxokozce me gmeûimed{ gmeûimed{ go{odzcxdlûnokd{ hm dponme xûvokd% C idhd nmempcl, ld{ gãpickd{ s}m mbmpkme {} ckkoûe {d`pm ml [E {de2 cexoionpcód{d{% Gãpickd{ ceclnï{okd{2 dzoãkmd{ y cexoionpcód{d{% cexohmzpm{owd{% Gãpickd{ cexohmzpm{owd{% Gãpickd{ ce{odléxokd{, {mhcexm{ m fozeûxokd{% Gãpickd{ cexoz{okûxokd{% cexomzolïzxokd{% Gãpickd{ cexomzolïzxokd{% cexozcpaoe{deoced{% Gãpickd{ cexozcpaoe{deoced{% Gãpickd{ kdexpc lc megmpimhch hm Clrfmoimp% Gãpickd{ zcpc lc hm{fc`ox}ckoûe hml clkdfdl%
Gãpickd{ ceclnï{okd{% Ld{ ceclnï{okd{ kde{xox}yme }e cizlod np}zd hm imhokcimexd{ k}yc g}ekoûe pm{ohm me ho{ioe}op d mloioecp lc {me{o`olohch cl hdldp% G}ehcimexclimexm, G}ehcimexclimexm, mvo{xme hd{ xozd{ hm ceclnï{okd{ pmlckodechd{ pmlckodechd{ kde ml [E2 Ceclnï{okd{ dzoãkmd{% Ml gp}xd hm lc zlcexc ciczdlc d chdpiohmpc & Zczcwmp {dieogmp}i / m{ }ec kãz{}lc nld`d{c y ckfcxc) hc hm lc s}m {m mvxpcm }e lãxmv `lces}mkoed s}m {m zpdkm{c fc{xc d`xmemp ml dzod% Ld{ ceclnï{okd{ dzoãkmd{ {de lc{ hpdnc{ hmpowchc{ hml dzod, {omehd lc{ iã{ kdedkohc{ lc idpgoec, lc xm`céec, lc fmpdéec y lc kdhméec% ]ed hm {}{ zpoekozclm{ mgmkxd{ m{ s}m ioxonce ml hdldp, pcrûe zdp lc k}cl {m }{ce kdid ceclnï{okd{% Ld{ dzoãkmd{ ckxòce {d`pm ld{ hmedioechd{ pmkmzxdpm{ dzoãkmd{ mehûnm) ed{ hml dpnceo{id, i}y ho{xpo`}ohd{ c ld lcpnd hml [EK% Ld{ ceclnï{okd{ dzoãkmd{ z}mhme howohop{m me koekd kcxmndpéc{ ho{xoexc{2 Cndeo{xc{ z}pd{ &xozd idpgoec/% Xomeme }ec zdxmexm ckkoûe ceclnï{okc y m}gdporcexm, chmiã{ hm kpmcp }ec mlmwchc chokkoûe gé{okc y z{okdlûnokc% Cndeo{xc{ zcpkoclm{ O &xozd `}zpmedpgoec/% Xomeme }ec zdxmexm ckkoûe ceclnï{okc kde imedp mgmkxd m}gdporcexm y imedp chokkoûe s}m ld{ cndeo{xc{ z}pd{% [de g}mpxm{ oeh}kxdpm{ hml wûioxd% Cndeo{xc{ zcpkoclm{ OO &xozd ecldpgoec/% Xomeme }e zdxmexm mgmkxd ho{gûpokd y cl}koeûnmed% Me lc ckx}clohch, ed m{xãe kdimpkoclorc) hd{ c eowml gcpickdlûnokd% gcpickdlûnokd% Cndeo{xc{)cexcndeo{xc{ &xozd zmexmrdkoec/% C hd{o{ `cbc{ xomeme }e mgmkxd {oiolcp c lc idpgoec1 c hd{o{ {}zmpodpm{ c >: in xomeme mgmk) xd{ {oiolcpm{ c lc ecldpgoec, {omehd i}y hï`ol {} npchd hm chokkoûe% Cexcndeo{xc{ z}pd{ &xozd ecldvdec/% Cexcndeorce ld{ mgmkxd{ hml pm{xd hm dzoãkmd{, {omehd i}y òxolm{ me kc{d{ hm {d`pmhd{o{ y hm{fc`ox}ckoûe% ) 8; )
C idhd nmempcl, lc{ zpoekozclm{ PCI hm ld{ ceclnï{okd{ dzoãkmd{ {de2 C eowml hml [EK zpdwdkce {diedlmekoc, hm{dpomexckoûe, hm{dpomexckoûe, {}hdpckoûe y m}gdpoc% C eowml nc{xpdoexm{xoecl zpdwdkce ec}{mc ec}{mc{, {, wûioxd{ y m{xpmóoiomexd% Ld{ ceclnï{okd{ dzoãkmd{ {de kczckm{ hm zpdwdkcp ec}{mc{ zdp }ec m{xoi}lckoûe hm lc hmedioechc rdec ncxolld s}oiodppmkmzxdpc &RNS/ ckdizcóchc hm }ec fozdxme{oûe dpxd{xãxokc &lc fozdxme{oûe dpxd{xãxokc d zd{x}pcl {m hmgoem kdid }ec pmh}kkoûe hm lc zpm{oûe cpxm) pocl hm zdp ld imed{ 0: ii hm Fn hm zpm{oûe {o{xûlokc y cl imed{ 3: ii hm lc zpm) {oûe hoc{xûlokc, hmexpd hm ld{ ; ioe}xd{ hm fc`mp c{}iohd lc zd{x}pc mpmkxc c zcpxop hm lc zd{okoûe {}zoec/% Ld{ wûioxd{ czcpmkme xpc{ }ec chioeo{xpckoûe cn}hc me zc) komexm{ ed ckd{x}i`pchd{% Xpc{ {}km{owc{ chioeo{xpckodem{ czcpmkm }e m{xchd hm xdlmpcekoc s}m ho{ioe}ym ld{ mgmkxd{ miïxokd{% Hmexpd hml zpdzod dpnceo{id mvo{xme ld{ hmedioechd{ dzoãkmd{ mehûnmed{, g}ehcimexclimexm, mekmgcloec y hoedpgoec, kczckm{ hm oefo`op lc ckkoûe miïxokc hm ld{ dzoãkmd{ mvûnmed{% Ml m{xpmóoiomexd, zdp dxpc zcpxm, czcpmkm zdp }ec ho{ioe}koûe hm lc ckxowohch hm lc i}{k}lcx}pc lo{c hm howmp{d{ ûpnced{ honm{xowd{ xclm{ kdid ml m{xûicnd d ml oexm{xoed% C eowml pm{zopcxdpod zpdwdkce hmzpm{oûe pm{zopcxdpoc, z}homehd oeh}kop c lc i}mpxm hml zckomexm% M{xm fmkfd m{ hd{o{ hmzmehomexm y czcpmkm zdp }ec ho{ioe}koûe hm lc {me{o`olohch cl c}imexd hm lc zpm{oûe zcpkocl hm KD 0 me {cenpm c eowml hml kmexpd pm{zopcxdpod kmpm`pcl% Ml npchd hm hmzpm{oûe pm{zopcxdpoc z}mhm llmncp c {mp iãvoid xpc{ }ec chioeo{xpckoûe oexpcwmed{c y iéeoid xpc{ }ec chioeo{xpckoûe dpcl% C eowml dk}lcp zpdwdkce iod{o{ &kdexpckkoûe hm lc z}zolc/% C eowml pmecl zpdwdkce pmxmekoûe }poecpoc, s}m czcpmkm zdp }ec ho{ioe}koûe hm lc ck) xowohch hm lc i}{k}lcx}pc lo{c hml poóûe, g}ehcimexclimexm% Me xpcxciomexd{ zpdldenchd{, ld{ ceclnï{okd{ dzoãkmd{ {de kczckm{ hm zpdh}kop, me icydp d imedp imhohc, xdlmpcekoc gcpickdlûnokc y hmzmehmekoc &g}ehcimexclimexm &g}ehcimexclimexm gé{okc, xpc{ }e }{d pmzmxohd y kdiz}l{owd, ed llmncehd kc{o e}ekc c lc chokkoûe/% Ld{ dzoãkmd{ iã{ zdxmexm{, kdid lc idpgoec, hm{cppdllce xdlmpcekoc iã{ pãzohcimexm s}m ml pm{xd, ed {omehd òxol {}{xox}op }ec {}{xcekoc zdp dxpc zcpc oizmhop hokfd zpdkm{d% Lc xdlmpcekoc gcpickdlûnokc z}mhm czcpmkmp zdp xpm{ zpdkm{d{ `ome ho{) xoexd{, c {c`mp2 3/ zdp }e c}imexd hml eòimpd hm pmkmzxdpm{ dzoãkmd{ me ml dpnceo{id ckdizcóchd hm }ec ho{ioe}koûe me {} {me{o`olohch, 0/ zdp }ec ho{ioe}koûe hm ld{ pmkmzxdpm{ dzoãkmd{, d ;/ zdp lc zpdh}kkoûe hm }e ms}olo`pod oexpckml}lcp zd{xmpodp c lc clxmpckoûe zpdh}kohc zdp ld{ dzoãkmd{% Me cs}mlld{ kc{d{ hm hdldp hm npce oexme{ohch, ld{ dzoãkmd{ }xolorchd{ {}mlme {mp lc idpgoec d lc im) xchdec% Me m{xm {mn}ehd kc{d czcpmkm }e oekdewmeomexm% Lc imxchdec, hmpowchd iã{ czxd zcpc ml dpnceo{id s}m lc idpgoec, xomem icydp h}pckoûe hm ckkoûe s}m lc zpdzoc idpgoec, c}es}m lc ckkoûe ceclnï{okc m{ i}y kdpxc kde pm{zmkxd c {} {miowohc zlc{iãxokc, zdp ld s}m zpdwdkc }ec pãzohc ck}i}lckoûe y }ec {mhckoûe mvkm{owc% Me kc{d{ hm hdldp hm oexme{ohch lonmpc d idhmpchc {m {}mlm }xolorcp ml xpcichdl, hmpowchd hm lc idpgoec, imed{ zdxmexm, d lc `}zpmedpgoec% M{xc {mn}ehc xomem i}kfc{ wmexcbc{, yc s}m {m z}mhm chioeo{xpcp gãkolimexm wéc {}`loen}cl y kpmc }ec imedp chokkoûe s}m ml xpcichdl% Ceclnï{okd{ cexoionpcód{d{% Ld{ cexoionpcód{d{ {de cs}mlld{ gãpickd{ s}m {m }xolorce zcpc kdi`cxop cs}ml zpdkm{d hdldpd{d z}l{ãxol s}m cgmkxc hm gdpic `olcxmpcl c lc kc`mrc y s}m kde gpmk}mekoc, womem ckdizcóchd hm ec}) {mc{ y wûioxd{, kdedkohd kdid ionpcóc% Lc ionpcóc &xci`oïe kdedkohc zdz}lcpimexm kdid bcs}m) kc/ m{ }ec megmpimhch kde kcpckxmpé{xokc{ m{zmkoclm{ s}m zmpioxme hogmpmekocplc hm dxpd{ xozd{ hm hdldp hm kc`mrc% Chmiã{ hml hdldp, {m ckdizcóc hm dxpd{ {éexdic{ oefc`ox}clm{ me dxpd{ hdldpm{ hm kc`mrc, mexpm ld{ k}clm{ {m oekl}yme ec}{mc{ y wûioxd{, oexdlmpcekoc c l}r y {deohd, lcnpoimd, {}hdpckoûe y {me{ckoûe hm fdpion}md me lc{ mvxpmiohchm{% Lc megmpimhch ed kdizpdimxm lc wohc hml zckomexm, zmpd ho{ioe}ym {} kclohch hm gdpic d{xmexd{c% Me }e zpoekozod, lc{ kpo{o{ hm ionpcóc {m kcpckxmporce zdp }e c}imexd me ld{ eowmlm{ hm {mpdxdeoec &=)fohpdvoxpozxûgced d =)FX/ zpdwdkcehd wc{dkde{xpokkoûe c eowml kmpm`pcl% Zd{xmpodpimexm, Zd{xmpodpimexm, ld{ eowmlm{ hm {mpdxdeoec {m pmh}kme `p}{kcime) xm y dponoece }ec g}mpxm wc{dholcxckoûe, fmkfd s}m oizlokc }e zpdkm{d hm oeglcickoûe% Lc gc{m hdld) pd{c m{ kde{mk}mekoc hm lc oeglcickoûe me lc zcpmh hm ld{ wc{d{ {cen}éemd{ hml kpãemd y hm lc xpce{io{oûe hm oiz}l{d{ hdldpd{d{ hdldpd{d{ c xpcwï{ xp cwï{ hm go`pc{ empwod{c{ s}m {m mek}mexpce me lc{ kczc{ s}m mew}mlwme ml kmpm`pd &kdedkohc{ kdid imeoenm{/, cpxmpoc{ y wmec{ kmpm`pclm{%
) 88 )
C idhd nmempcl, mvo{xme hd{ gdpic{ hm xpcxciomexd zcpc lc ionpcóc2 Xpcxciomexd {oexdiãxokd% d [m }xolorc zcpc mwoxcp ml hdldp h}pcexm lc{ kpo{o{ hm ionpcóc% Ld{ gãpickd{ iã{ }xolorchd{ }xolorchd{ {de ceclnï{okd{ ceclnï{okd{ {oizlm{ xclm{ kdid zcpckmxcidl d ãkohd ckmxol{clokélokd &CC[/, chmiã{ hm dxpd{ cexooeglcicxdpod{ ed m{xmpdohmd{ &COEM{/ xclm{ kdid ml o`}zpdgmed, lc gmeol`}xcrdec y ml ec) zpdvmed, hmpowchd{ hml mpndx &mpndxcioec y hofohpdmpndxcioec, g}ehcimexclimexm/ y ld{ hm) edioechd{ xpozxcem{% Ld{ imhokcimexd{ {oexdiãxokd{ &s}m kdexpcppm{xce ld{ {éexdic{ k}cehd {m zpm{mexce/, idh}lce ml hdldp, cl ckx}cp {d`pm ld{ hogmpmexm{ kdizdemexm{ kdizdemexm{ hml {o{) xmic empwod{d oewdl}kpchd{ me lc zpdh}kkoûe hml io{id% Ml xpcxciomexd {oexdiãxokd z}mhm zpdh}kop, me cln}ed{ kc{d{, kmgclmc hm pm`dxm d }e icpkchd {éehpdim hm c`{xoemekoc, kde ld s}m kchc wmr {m pms}ompm c}imexcp me icydp imhohc lc hd{o{ xmpczï}xokc zcpc mwoxcp lc{ kpo) {o{ hdldpd{c{, {omehd i}y zpd`c`lm lc czcpokoûe hm }ec kmgclmc kpûeokc zdp c`}{d hm cecl) nï{okd{% Ld{ ceclnï{okd{ {oizlm{ &zcpckmxcidl, CC[, mxk%/ {}mlme {mp zdkd mgokckm{ kdexpc ml hdldp zpdwdkchd zdp lc ionpcóc% Ld{ COEM{ {}mlme {mp i}y òxolm{ me kc{d{ hm ionpcóc lm) wm d idhmpchc% Ed zpdh}kme kmgclmc hm pm`dxm y, chmiã{, z}mhme chioeo{xpcp{m me kdi`o) eckoûe kde dxpd{ ceclnï{okd{ ho{xoexd{ hml CC[% Ld{ hmpowchd{ mpndxciéeokd{ mpndxciéeokd{ ckxòce oem{zm) kégokcimexm {d`pm ld{ pmkmzxdpm{ {mpdxdeoeïpnokd{ c eowml kpcemcl y kdpdecpod, mbmpkomehd }ec zdxmexm ckkoûe wc{dkde{xpokxdpc% Chmiã{ hm fozmpxme{oûe, zpdh}kme ec}{mc{ y wûioxd{, zdp ld s}m hm`mpãe ckdizcócp{m hm imhokcimexd{ s}m kdexpcppm{xme m{xd{ mgmkxd{ &kdch) y}wcexm{/% Xci`oïe z}mhme z}mhme zpdwdkcp kmgclmc hm pm`dxm% Ld{ xpozxcem{ {de cndeo{xc{ {mlmkxo) wd{ hm ld{ pmkmzxdpm{ =)FX 3@$3H, iã{ kdedkohd{ kdid pmkmzxdpm{ cexoionpcód{d{% Ckxòce c}imexcehd ld{ eowmlm{ hm {mpdxdeoec, gcwdpmkomehd lc wc{dkde{xpokkoûe c eowml kpcemcl% Ed zpdh}kme kmgclmc hm pm`dxm, y lc{ ec}{mc{ y wûioxd{ {de imedpm{ s}m me ml kc{d hm ld{ mp) ndxciéeokd{% Ld{ xpozxcem{ z}mhme kdi`oecp{m kde dxpd{ ceclnï{okd{, c mvkmzkoûe hm ld{ hmpowchd{ hml mpndx, yc s}m z}mhme czcpmkmp i}lxox}h hm mgmkxd{ chwmp{d{% Xpcxciomexd zpmwmexowd% d [m }xolorc zcpc ho{ioe}op ml eòimpd hm kpo{o{ hm ionpcóc me cs}mlld{ zckomexm{ s}m {}gpme iã{ hm xpm{ kpo{o{ ime{}clm{ y me cs}mlld{ s}m ed xdlmpce ml xpcxciomexd {oexdiãxokd% Mexpm ld{ imhokcimexd{ zpmwmexowd{ iã{ }xolorchd{ {m mek}mexpce ml zpdzcedldl, lc gl}ecporoec, lc cioxpozxoloec, ml ãkohd wclzpûokd y ml zordxogmed% Xdhd{ mlld{ xomeme }e mgmkxd i}y lmexd y loio) xchd, chmiã{ hm edxc`lm{ mgmkxd{ {mk}ehcpod{% Zdp ld xcexd lc mlmkkoûe hml imhokcimexd lc hm`m fckmp ml iïhokd, hm{z}ï{ hm mwcl}cp lc{ kcpckxmpé{xokc{ hm kchc zckomexm, xmeomehd me k}mexc dxpc{ megmpimhchm{, xclm{ kdid fozmpxme{oûe, hmzpm{oûe y mzolmz{oc% Ml zpdzcedldl m{ }e ΰ)`lds}mcexm ed kcphod{mlmkxowd i}y mgokcr zcpc pmh}kop lc fozmpxme{oûe, c}es}m z}mhm dponoecp hdldp hm kc`mrc hm pm`dxm, chmiã{ hm gcxonc m oe{dieod% Lc gl}ecporoec m{ }e cexc) ndeo{xc hml kclkod hm ckkoûe wc{dholcxchdpc, wc{dholcxchdpc, k}yd{ mgmkxd{ chwmp{d{ zpoekozclm{ {de {died) lmekoc y c}imexd hm zm{d% Lc cioxpozxoloec m{ }e `}me cexohmzpm{owd, zmpd xci`oïe m{ òxol me ml xpcxciomexd zpmwmexowd hm lc ionpcóc% Z}mhm zpdwdkcp cppoxioc{ kcphockc{% Ml ãkohd wcl) zpûokd {}mlm ckx}cp kdid cexomzolïzxokd, z}homehd nmempcp fmzcxdxdvokohch% fmzcxdxdvokohch% Ml zordxogmed xom) em ckkoûe cexo{mpdxdeoeïpnokc y cexofo{xciéeokc1 cexofo{xciéeokc1 zpdh}km {diedlmekoc y {mhckoûe% {mhckoûe% Me k}cls}omp kc{d, ml xpcxciomexd zpmwmexowd {m hm`m oeokocp kde hd{o{ `cbc{ y c}imexcplc{ hm gdpic zc}lcxoec% Hm{z}ï{ {m fc hm m{zmpcp zdp ld imed{ }e im{ zcpc wmp pm{}lxchd{% Me cln}ed{ kc{d{, lc mgokckoc {on}m c}imexcehd fc{xc ml xmpkmp im{% Zdp òlxoid, {m hm`m hm) xmpioecp lc h}pckoûe hml xpcxciomexd% [o m{ zd{o`lm, ml iïhokd hm`m xpcxcp hm ho{ioe}op d {}{) zmehmp lc imhokckoûe kchc ; d 7 im{m{, zcpc mwcl}cp cl zckomexm me ml zmpodhd h}pcexm ml s}m ed lc pmko`m%
Gãpickd{ cexohmzpm{owd{% Ld{ cexohmzpm{owd{ kde{xox}yme cs}ml np}zd hm gãpickd{ }xolorchd{ me ml xpcxciomexd hm lc hmzpm{oûe, m{xc) hd zcxdlûnokd hm {}gpoiomexd z{és}okd kcpckxmporchd zdp }e hmkcoiomexd hml {mexoiomexd hml wcldp zmp{decl, zdp zm{oio{id y zdp oeczmxmekoc gpmexm c lc wohc% Me lc ckx}clohch {m zome{c s}m ld{ xpc{xdped{ cgmkxowd{ pmlckodechd{ kde lc hmzpm{oûe czcpmkme c eowml go{odzcxdlûnokd zdp }ec ho{ioe}koûe me lc kdekmexpckoûe hm {mpdxdeoec y edpchpmecloec me ml dpnceo{id% C idhd nmempcl, ld{ cexohmzpm{owd{ {de }e xozd hm gãpickd{ i}y hmlokchd{ s}m z}mhme dkc{odecp howmp{d{ mgmkxd{ chwmp{d{ me ml zckomexm me ml idimexd hm {} {}zpm{oûe% Me m{xm {mexohd, z}mhme zpdwdkcp clxmpc) kodem{ hml {}mód, clxmpckodem{ cgmkxowc{ y }e icl m{xchd gé{okd% Ld{ cexohmzpm{owd{ ckxòce oefo`omehd lc pm) kczxckoûe hm ld{ em}pdxpce{io{dpm{ {mpdxdeoec y edpchpmecloec c eowml hm lc {oecz{o{, d `ome oizohomehd {} hm{xp}kkoûe &me ci`d{ kc{d{ {m icexomeme ld{ eowml kde{xcexm{/%
) 8= )
Ld{ gãpickd{ }xolorchd{ me ml xpcxciomexd hm lc hmzpm{oûe {de, g}ehcimexclimexm2 Oefo`ohdpm{ hm lc idedcioeddvohc{c &OICD/% Lc meroic idedcioeddvohc{c &ICD/ m{ kczcr hm hm{xp}op idedcioec{ zdp dvohckoûe, ckx}cehd hm gdpic {mlmkxowc {d`pm lc {mpdxdeoec y lc edpchpmecloec% Ld{ oefo`ohdpm{ hm lc idedcioeddvohc{c &OICD/ z}mhme ckx}cp hm gdpic {mlmkxowc d hm gdpic ed {mlmkxowc {d`pm hokfc meroic% Ld{ OICD ed {mlmkxowd{ oefo`me lc meroic ICD hm gdpic oppmwmp{o`lm, ckx}cehd {d`pm ho{xoexc{ idedcioec{ ed pmkczxchc{ xclm{ kdid edpchpmecloec, hdzcioec d {mpdxdeoec% Z}mhme zpm{mexcp ho{xoexc{ oexmpck) kodem{ kde cs}mlld{ cloimexd{ pokd{ me xopcioec &s}m{d k}pchd, woed y kfdkdlcxm, g}ehcimexclimexm/ g}ehcimexclimexm/ y kde cln}ed{ imhokcimexd{ xclm{ kdid lmwdhdzc, cexohmzpm{owd{ xpokéklokd{, oefo`ohdpm{ ed {mlmkxo) wd{ hm lc pmkczxckoûe hm {mpdxdeoec y howmp{d{ {oizcxokdioiïxokd{, llmncehd c zpdwdkcp }e k}chpd hm kpo{o{ fozmpxme{owc npcwm% Ld{ OICD {mlmkxowd{, kdedkohd{ kdid OICD)C, ckxòce hm gdpic pmwmp) {o`lm {d`pm idedcioec{ m{zmkégokc{, zdp ld s}m {}mlme zpm{mexcp imedpm{ zpd`lmic{ hm oexmpckkoûe kde cloimexd{ d imhokcimexd{% Lc{ zpoekozclm{ pmckkodem{ chwmp{c{ s}m z}mhme czcpmkmp kdid kde{mk}mekoc hm lc chioeo{xpckoûe chioeo{xpckoûe hm OICD {de, g}ehcimexclimexm2 fozdxme{oûe dpxd{xãxokc, {ms}mhch hm `dkc, {}hdpckoûe, m{xpmóo) iomexd, pmxmekoûe }poecpoc y c}imexd hm zm{d &zdp c}imexd hml czmxoxd/% Cexohmzpm{owd{ xpokéklokd{ &CHX/% Ld{ cexohmzpm{owd{ xpokéklokd{ &CHX/ {de oefo`ohdpm{ ed {mlmkxowd{ hm lc pmkczxckoûe hm idedcioec{, idedcioec{, oekl}ymehd edpchpmecloec y {mpdxdeoec% [de kczckm{ hm zpdwdkcp pmckkodem{ chwmp{c{ hm howmp{d{ xozd{% Me pmlckoûe kde lc ckkoûe cexohmzpm{owc zpdwdkce xcs}okcphoc, xmi`ldpm{ y ce{omhch d cnoxc) koûe hm`ohd c lc oefo`okoûe hm lc pmkczxckoûe hm edpchpmecloec, y ec}{mc{ zdp lc oefo`okoûe hm lc pm) kczxckoûe hm {mpdxdeoec% Zdp dxpc zcpxm, zpdh}kme mgmkxd{ kdloeïpnokd{ zdp `lds}md hm ld{ pmkmzxdpm{ hm ckmxolkdloec, {mhckoûe y {diedlmekoc zdp `lds}md hm ld{ pmkmzxdpm{ hm fo{xcioec, m fozdxme{oûe dpxd{xãxokc zdp `lds}md hm ld{ pmkmzxdpm{ γ3)chpmeïpnokd{% Xci`oïe zpdh}kme ncecekoc hm zm{d, zdp kc}{c{ hm{kdedkohc{ &{m kpmm s}m c}imexce ml czmxoxd/, y howmp{c{ ho{g}ekodem{ {mv}clm{ xclm{ kd) id hogok}lxch mpïkxol, zpd`lmic{ myck}lcxdpod{ y kci`od{ me lc lo`ohd% C lcpnd zlcrd, xpc{ }e }{d zpd) ldenchd d kdid kde{mk}mekoc hm {} chioeo{xpckoûe kdeb}exd kde gãpickd{ cexoz{okûxokd{, ld{ cexo) hmzpm{owd{ xpokéklokd{ z}mhme dponoecp ml hmedioechd hmedioechd {éehpdim em}pdlïzxokd icloned &[EI/, }ec me) xohch zdkd fc`ox}cl y zdxmekoclimexm lmxcl, s}m zpdwdkc fozmpxmpioc oeh}kohc zdp em}pdlïzxokd{1 {m kcpckxmporc zdp kci`od{ me ml m{xchd imexcl &zïphohc hm kdekomekoc, mxk%/, ponohmr i}{k}lcp, xmi`ld) pm{, fozmpxmpioc, clxmpckodem{ pm{zopcxdpoc{ y ho{g}ekoûe c}xûedic% c}xûedic% Oefo`ohdpm{ {mlmkxowd{ hm lc pmkczxckoûe hm {mpdxdeoec &O[P[/% Ld{ oefo`ohdpm{ {mlmkxowd{ hm lc pmkczxckoûe hm {mpdxdeoec &O[P[/ me ml dpnceo{id ed dgpmkme zpd) `lmic{ hm kcphodxdvokohch, zdp ld s}m {}mlme {mp i}y òxolm{ me xpcxciomexd{ zpdldenchd{% [oe mi) `cpnd, z}mhme zpdh}kop ho{g}ekoûe {mv}cl, clxmpckodem{ nc{xpdoexm{xoeclm{ &ec}{mc{, hocppmc{, mxk%/, cnoxckoûe, ce{omhch m oe{dieod% Chmiã{, z}mhme {}gpop oexmpckkodem{ oexmpckkodem{ cl chioeo{xpcp{m kdeb}excime) kdeb}excime) xm kde OICD d kde loxod% Loxod% Ml loxod &Lo/ xomem }e imkceo{id hm ckkoûe hm{kdedkohd% [}{ zpoekozclm{ pmckkodem{ chwmp{c{ {de {diedlmekoc, czcxéc, hm`olohch i}{k}lcp y howmp{c{ clxmpckodem{ nc{xpdoexm{xoeclm{ s}m k}p{ce kde wûioxd{ y hocppmc{% Me xpcxciomexd{ zpdldenchd{, zpdldenchd{, z}mhm zpdwdkcp zpd`lmic{ c eowml pmecl y xopdohmd% Cexm{ hm {} chioeo{xpckoûe, chioeo{xpckoûe, m{ emkm{cpod hmxmpioecp hmxmpioecp lc kdekmexpckoûe kdekmexpckoûe zlc{iãxokc hm loxod me ml dpnc) eo{id zcpc mwoxcp zd{o`lm{ oexdvokckodem{% Chmiã{, z}mhm zpm{mexcp oexmpckkodem{ kde ld{ O[P[, kde cln}ed{ ho}pïxokd{ y kde howmp{d{ cexofozmpxme{owd{ kdid ld{ oefo`ohdpm{ hm lc meroic kdewmpxo) hdpc hm cenodxme{oec &OMKC/%
Gãpickd{ ce{odléxokd{, {mhcexm{ m fozeûxokd{% Ld{ ce{odléxokd{ fce {ohd hmedioechd{ {omizpm kdid xpces}olorchdpm{, zmpd xpces}olorchdpm{ {de xdhd{ ld{ gãpickd{ z{okdlïzxokd{1 zdp mlld, zpmgmpoid{ ml xïpioed "ce{odléxokd", s}m xcizdkd m{ i}y zpmko{d, zcpc xdhd{ cs}mlld{ imhokcimexd{ }{chd{ zcpc kclicp lc ce{omhch% Ld{ ce{odléxokd{ xci`oïe ckxòce kdid pmlcbcexm{ i}{k}lcpm{ y zmpioxme kdexpdlcp lc cen}{xoc, {oe cgmkxcp lc wonoloc% Ld{ {mhcexm{ m fozeûxokd{, zdp dxpc zcpxm, menld`ce xdhd{ cs}mlld{ gãpickd{ s}m xpcxce hm pm{xc`lmkmp ml zcxpûe go{odlûnokd hml {}mód &`ã{okcimexm, xpcxciomexd hml oe{dieod/% Ld{ ce{odléxokd{ iã{ }xolorchd{ c eowml gcpickdlûnokd {de lc{ `merdhocrmzoec{ &@HR/, s}m ckxòce gcwdpm) komehd lc }eoûe hml ãkohd nciic)cioed`}xépokd, nciic)cioed`}xépokd, NC@C, zpoekozcl em}pdxpce{io{dp oefo`ohdp hml [EK, kde {} pmkmzxdp% Me lc ckx}clohch {m pmkdedkme @HR hm ckkoûe lcpnc, hm {miowohc zlc{iãxokc mgokcr {}zmpodp d on}cl c 30 fdpc{, y @HR hm ckkoûe kdpxc, hm {miowohc imedp c 30 fdpc{% C idhd nmempcl, ld{ zpoekozclm{ mgmkxd{ chwmp{d{ s}m z}mhme zpdwdkcp lc{ @HR {de2 hmzpm{oûe pm{zopcxdpoc c eowml kmexpcl, {diedlmekoc, kdeg}{oûe, oekddphoeckoûe idxdpc y {ms}mhch hm `dkc% Lc{ @HR z}mhme dponoecp hmzmehmekoc gé{okc y z{okdlûnokc% Ml pom{nd hm hmzmehmekoc c}imexc kde lc hd{o{ y h}pckoûe hml xpcxciomexd, g}ehcimexclimexm me zckomexm{
) 87 )
kde fo{xdpoc hm c`}{d hm clkdfdl d hpdnc{% Ml `memgokod xmpczï}xokd hm`m {mp mwcl}chd me pmlckoûe kde ml pom{nd hm hmzmehmekoc h}pcexm ml xpcxciomexd zpdldenchd% zpdldenchd% Cl pmxopd hm lc{ @HR, m{zmkoclimexm {o lc oexmpp}z) koûe m{ c`p}zxc, z}mhm czcpmkmp }e {éehpdim hm c`{xoemekoc d gmeûimed hm pm`dxm% Cln}ec{ @HR hm oexmpï{ {de ml hocrmzci &Wclo}i¥/, ml clzpcrdlci &Xpceaoicroe¥/, ml dvcrmzci &Czlcaol¥/ y ml ldpcrmzci &Zopcld) em¥/% Lc{ @HR hm ckkoûe lcpnc &zdp mbmizld, hocrmzci/ zpdh}kme iã{ pmckkodem{ chwmp{c{ c kdpxd zlcrd1 {oe mi`cpnd, xomeme imed{ xpc{kmehmekoc {d`pm ml {éehpdim hm c`{xoemekoc s}m lc{ hm ckkoûe kdpxc, hm`ohd c s}m lc{ zpoimpc{ zmpicemkme icydp xomizd me {cenpm% Lc{ @HR hm ckkoûe kdpxc &zdp mbmizld, clzpcrd) lci/ mwoxce zpd`lmic{ hm {mhckoûe pm{oh}cl &{diedlmekoc/1 {oe mi`cpnd, zdp kdexpczcpxohc, z}mhme llmncp c zpdh}kop oe{dieod, ce{omhch hm pm`dxm y cnpm{owohch, c}es}m m{xd ed m{ hmic{ochd gpmk}mexm% Me nmpocxpéc, m{ i}y fc`ox}cl ml }{d hm @HR hm ckkoûe kdpxc, me xpcxciomexd{ {omizpm zpdnpm{owd{, kdimercehd kde hd) {o{ `cbc{, zcpc mwoxcp me lc imhohc hm ld zd{o`lm ml {éehpdim hm c`{xoemekoc% Ml {éehpdim hm c`{xoemekoc hmzmehm g}ehcimexclimexm hm lc hd{o{ chioeo{xpchc y hml xomizd hm xpcxciomexd1 hm`ohd c m{xd, zdp pmnlc nmempcl, ml xpcxciomexd ed {}mlm {}zmpcp ld{ 7)6 im{m{ y lc{ hd{o{ {}mlme {mp hm }ed{ 3:);: in hml imho) kcimexd mlmnohd kchc 08 fdpc{% Ld{ zpoekozclm{ {éexdic{ hml {éehpdim hm c`{xoemekoc {de, g}ehcimexcl) imexm2 ce{omhch, oe{dieod, oppoxc`olohch, ho{gdpoc, zclzoxckodem{, {c`dp imxãlokd, xmi`ldpm{, oexdlmpcekoc cl p}ohd y c lc l}r, {}hdpckoûe, wïpxond, m{zc{id{ i}{k}lcpm{, mxk% Zcpc mwoxcp ml {éehpdim hm c`{xoemekoc e}e) kc {m hm`m pmxopcp }e xpcxciomexd zdp @HR `p}{kcimexm, {d`pm xdhd me cs}mlld{ hm xomizd zpdldenchd% Lc ho{ioe}koûe zpdnpm{owc hm lc hd{o{ m{xã me g}ekoûe hml iïhokd% Me k}cls}omp kc{d, pm{}lxc ohmcl chioeo{xpcp }ec hd{o{ iéeoic mgmkxowc h}pcexm ml imedp xomizd zd{o`lm% Lc{ oexdvokckodem{ cn}hc{ zdp @HR ed kdeh}) kme zpãkxokcimexm e}ekc c lc i}mpxm hml zckomexm1 {oe mi`cpnd, mvo{xm pom{nd hm i}mpxm cl imrklcp ml gãp) ickd ce{odléxokd kde dxpd{ imhokcimexd{ hmzpm{dpm{ d kde clkdfdl &kc{d iã{ npcwm/% Me k}cls}omp kc{d, }ec oexdvokckoûe cn}hc edpicl {}mlm pm{xc`lmkmp{m {oe xpcxciomexd cln}ed me }ec{ 08 fdpc{% Z}mhm }{cp{m ml gl}icrmeold kdid cexéhdxd, hm {miowohc zlc{iãxokc mgokcr czpdvoichc hm }ec fdpc% Mvo{xme {}{xcekoc{ ed `merdhocrmzéeokc{ s}m zpm{mexce }e imkceo{id hm ckkoûe {oiolcp, }xolorchc{ kdid {mhcexm{ d fozeûxokd{% M{xm m{ ml kc{d hml rdlzohmi &[xoledv¥/, &[xoledv¥/, imhokcimexd ed ce{odléxokd s}m xomem {} {oxod hm ckkoûe me ml pmkmzxdp `merdhocrmzéeokd% Ld{ fozeûxokd{ y {mhcexm{, hm gdpic nmempcl, chmiã{ hm zpdwd) kcp {diedlmekoc, z}mhme dkc{odecp g}mpxm{ icpmd{ s}m, oehopmkxcimexm, z}mhme oizlokcp kcéhc{ d ndlzm{ oem{zmpchd{% Me pcpc{ dkc{odem{ zpdh}kme ciem{oc% Ed hm{cppdllce xdlmpcekoc eo oe{dieod hm pm`dxm%
Gãpickd{ cexoz{okûxokd{% Ld{ cexoz{okûxokd{ menld`ce xdhd{ cs}mlld{ imhokcimexd{ }xolorchd{ zcpc ml xpcxciomexd hm lc{ z{okd{o{ &m{s}ordgpmeoc{, mxk%/, kdeb}exd hm megmpimhchm{ imexclm{ kcpckxmporchc{ zdp }ec clxmpckoûe nld`cl hm lc zmp{declohch, k}yc{ pmlckodem{ kde lc pmclohch m{xãe zmpx}p`chc{% Ckxòce g}ehcimexclimexm zdp `lds}md hm ld{ pmkmzxdpm{ hdzcioeïpnokd{ H 0 c eowml kmpm`pcl, c}es}m i}kfd{ cexoz{okûxokd{ xomeme ckxowohch {d`pm ld{ pmkmzxdpm{ hm dxpd{ em}pdxpce{io{dpm{% C idhd nmempcl, mvo{xme hd{ np}zd{ klcpcimexm hogmpmekochd{2 Cexoz{okûxokd{ cxézokd{% Xomeme ckkoûe cexoz{okûxokc {oe zpdh}kop pmckkodem{ mvxpczopciohclm{ &xpc{xdped{ idxdpm{ s}m k}p{ce g}ehcimexclimexm kde xmi`ldpm{ {mimbcexm{ c ld{ pmgmpohd{ me ld{ k}chpd{ hm Zcpaoe{de/1 chmiã{, `lds}mce {oi}lxãemcimexm ld{ pmkmzxdpm{ hdzcioeïpnokd{ H 0 y ld{ pmkmzxdpm{ {mpdxdeoeïpnokd{ =) FX0, zdp ld s}m kc`m m{zmpcp2 c/ mgmkxd{ mvxpczopciohclm{ iéeoid{ d e}ld{, `/ ckkoûe {d`pm ld{ {ée) xdic{ emncxowd{ hm lc m{s}ordgpmeoc &chmiã{ hm {d`pm ld{ zd{oxowd{/, y k/ }e npchd {oneogokcxowd hm mgokckoc me k}chpd{ pmgpckxcpod{ c ld{ cexoz{okûxokd{ xézokd{% Ld{ iã{ hm{xckchd{ {de lc{ gmedxocroec{, `}xopdgmedec{, `}xopdgmedec{, lc{ dpxdzpciohc{ dpxdzpciohc{ y ld{ xodvcexmed{% Cexoz{okûxokd{ xézokd{% Xomeme zpoekozclimexm hd{ mgmkxd{2 pmckkodem{ mvxpczopciohclm{ y {mhckoûe% Ld{ iã{ hm{xckchd{ {de lc kldrczoec, lc po{zmpohdec y lc dlcerczoec% Me pmlckoûe kde ml cexcndeo{id fckoc ld{ pmkmzxdpm{ hm lc hdzcioec, hdzcioec, ld{ cexoz{okûxokd{ z}mhme zpm{mexcp2 3/ ckkodem{ em}pdlûnokc{ cn}hc{ c imhod d lcpnd zlcrd &hm{hm }ec{ zdkc{ {micec{ fc{xc wcpod{ im{m{ m oekl}{d cód{/ kcpckxmporchc{ zdp mgmkxd{ mvxpczopciohclm{ &xmi`ldpm{, mxk%/, y 0/ ckkodem{ em}pdmehdkpoec{ kcpckxmporchc{ zdp fozmpzpdlckxoemioc, fozmpzpdlckxoemioc, z}homehd oeh}kop lckxdppmc, cimedppmc m oegmpxolohch me i}kfc{ i}bm) pm{% Me pmlckoûe kde ml `lds}md hm dxpd{ pmkmzxdpm{ z}mhme zpdh}kop fozdxme{oûe dpxd{xãxokc, me ml kc{d hml `lds}md hm pmkmzxdpm{ γ)chpmeïpnokd{, d {ms}mhch hm `dkc, m{xpmóoiomexd, pmxmekoûe }poecpoc y wo{oûe `dppd) {c, me ml kc{d hml `lds}md hm pmkmzxdpm{ cexokdloeïpnokd{% Ld{ cexoz{okûxokd{ xci`oïe z}mhme hcp l}ncp c }e {éehpdim em}pdlïzxokd icloned &[EI/, pmlckodechd kde }e hm{ms}olo`pod hdzcioeïpnokd c eowml kmpm`pcl, s}m czcpmkm icpkchd zdp }ec g}mpxm fozmpxmpioc ckdizcóchc hm ponohmr i}{k}lcp% K}cehd {m zpdh}km }ec ponohmr i}{k}lcp mvcnmpchc {m z}mhm oeh}kop lc pdx}pc hm lc{ kïl}lc{ i}{k}lcpm{, lo`mpcehd cl mvxmpodp &g}e) hcimexclimexm, hcimexclimexm, c lc {cenpm/ lc meroic kpmcxoegd{gds}oec{c &KZA/, zpoekozcl kc}{cexm hm lc fozmpxmpioc me ml [EI% Cl io{id xomizd, lc ponohmr i}{k}lcp z}mhm zpdh}kop zpdh}kop pc`hdioûlo{o{, {éehpdim kc}{chd zdp oeb}poc me ml iò{k}ld m{s}mlïxokd y lc pm{}lxcexm lo`mpckoûe hml kdexmeohd hm lc{ kïl}lc{ i}{k}lcpm{ &iodnld`oec, zdxc{od, gd{gcxd, mxk%/ hmexpd hml zlc{ic% Me dkc{odem{, ml [EI z}mhm oeh}kop lc i}mpxm hml zckomexm zdp gclld pmecl,
) 8> )
zdp mloioeckoûe hm iodnld`oec c xpcwï{ hm lc dpoec &iodnld`oe}poc/% Ml xpcxciomexd iã{ czpdzochd zcpc ld{ kc{d{ hm [EI kde{o{xm me lc chioeo{xpckoûe kdeb}exc hm hcexpdlmed, s}m ckxòc kdid pmlcbcexm i}{k}lcp, kde `pdidkpozxoec, s}m m{ }e cndeo{xc hm ld{ pmkmzxdpm{ hdzcioeïpnokd{% Chmiã{ hm lc{ yc imekodechc{, dxpc{ pmckkodem{ chwmp{c{ s}m z}mhme zpdh}kop ld{ gãpickd{ cexoz{okûxokd{ {de2 pmckkodem{ hm fozmp{me{o`o) lohch &zdp mbmizld, s}mich}pc{ {dlcpm{ zdp gdxd{me{o`olohch/, okxmpokoc kdlm{xãxokc y d`{xp}kkoûe `olocp% Ld{ cexoz{okûxokd{ cxézokd{, kdid yc s}mhc hokfd, ed zpdh}kme mgmkxd{ zopciohclm{ {d`pm ml zckomexm1 {oe mi`cpnd, lc kldrczoec m{ kczcr hm zpdh}kop em}xpdzmeoc d cnpce}ldkoxd{o{, zdp ld s}m pms}ompm }e kdexpdl cecléxokd i}y m{xpokxd% Chmiã{, ld{ cexoz{okûxokd{ cxézokd{ llmwce pmlcxowcimexm i}y zdkd xomizd me ml imp) kchd gcpickï}xokd, zdp ld s}m z}mhme hcp l}ncp c pmckkodem{ chwmp{c{ ckx}climexm hm{kdedkohc{%
Gãpickd{ cexomzolïzxokd{% Ld{ cexomzolïzxokd{ menld`ce xdhd{ cs}mlld{ imhokcimexd{ pmlckodechd{ kde ml xpcxciomexd hm lc mzolmz{oc, m{xchd zcxdlûnokd kcpckxmporchd zdp lc czcpokoûe hm kpo{o{ kdew}l{owc{ zcpdvé{xokc{, kdppm{zdehomexm c lc mvkoxckoûe {oi}lxãemc hm }e np}zd d hm lc xdxclohch hm lc{ kïl}lc{ kmpm`pclm{% Lc{ kpo{o{ zcpkoclm{ {de ml pm) {}lxchd hm }ec lm{oûe kdpxokcl loioxchc, y {}{ iceogm{xckodem{ iceogm{xckodem{ kdppm{zdehme c lc{ g}ekodem{ hml ãpmc kmpm`pcl oewdl}kpchc% Z}mhme {mp {oizlm{ &{oe clxmpckoûe hm lc kdekomekoc/ d kdizlmbc{ &kde clxmpckodem{ hm lc kde) komekoc/% Me lc{ kpo{o{ nmempclorchc{, lc mvkoxckoûe hm lc{ kïl}lc{ kmpm`pclm{ {m mvxomehm c ld{ hd{ fmio{gm) pod{ kmpm`pclm{ y {m cgmkxc hm icempc {oi}lxãemc lc xdxclohch hm lc kdpxmrc% Lc kcpckxmpé{xokc kléeokc hm m{xc{ kpo{o{ m{ s}m fcy zïphohc hm lc kdekomekoc y ed kdellmwce c eoen}ec iceogm{xckoûe s}m z}mhc cxpo`}op{m c }ec ldkclorckoûe cecxûiokc m{zmkégokc me k}cls}ompc hm ld{ fmio{gmpod{ kmpm`pclm{% G}ehcimexclimexm, {m kpmm s}m lc mzolmz{oc czcpmkm c zcpxop hm }e hm{ms}olo`pod mexpm hd{ em}pdxpce{io{dpm{ ho{xoexd{2 ml ãkohd nciic)cioed`}xépokd &NC@C/ y ml ãkohd nl}xãiokd% Ml NC@C m{ }e em}pdxpce{io{dp s}m ckxòc oefo`omehd ml [EK1 zdp dxpc zcpxm, ml ãkohd nl}xãiokd xomem kcpãkxmp m{xoi}lcexm% Me m{xm {mexohd, ld{ gãpickd{ cexomzolïz) xokd{ z}mhme ckx}cp `cbd hd{ imkceo{id{ hm ckkoûe2 c/ Oefo`omehd cl ãkohd nl}xãiokd &oefo`ohdpm{ hm lc mvkoxckoûe mvkoxckoûe c eowml eowml hml [EK/% Kcp`cicrmzoec% Lc kcp`cicrmzoec m{ }ed hm ld{ cnmexm{ zpoicpod{ hm mlmkkoûe zcpc ml kdexpdl hm xdhd xozd hm mzolmz{oc{% C eowml hml {o{xmic fmicxdlûnokd z}mhm zpdh}kop cnpce}ldkoxd{o{ y cemioc czlã{okc% Chmiã{, {}mlm xmemp gpmk}mexm{ pmckkodem{ chwmp{c{ {d`pm ml [EK, ed hmic{ochd hmic{ochd npcwm{, xclm{ kdid icpmd{, wïpxond{, kmgclmc y wo{oûe `dppd{c, s}m z}mhme ho{ioe}op {o {m kdiomerc ml xpcxc) iomexd kde hd{o{ `cbc{ y {m wce c}imexcehd zpdnpm{owcimexm fc{xc llmncp cl iãvoid hm{mchd1 {o lc{ pmckkodem{ chwmp{c{ zmp{o{xme, {m hm`m pmh}kop lc hd{o{ d hm{kdexoe}cp lc imhokckoûe, ld io{id k}cehd fcllc {oned{ hm oexdlmpcekoc fmzãxokc, pmecl d clxmpckodem{ hm lc{ kïl}lc{ hm lc {cenpm% [d`pm ml {o{xmic nc{xpdoexm{xoecl nc{xpdoexm{xoecl z}mhm zpdh}kop eã}{mc{ y wûioxd{% Lc kcp`cicrmzoec m{ }e zdxmexm oeh}kxdp meroiãxokd, oekl}{d hm lc zpdzoc meroic s}m ld imxc`dlorc, zdp ld s}m me xpcxciomexd{ kpûeokd{ {} {miowohc zlc{iãxokc mgokcr ho{ioe}opã zpdnpm{owcimexm &kchc wmr {m pms}mpopãe hd{o{ icydpm{, c}imexcehd lc zd{o`olohch hm czcpokoûe hm pmckkodem{ chwmp{c{/% Chmiã{, z}mhm xmemp oexmpckkodem{ kde lc icydpéc hm imhokcimexd{ kdedkohd{% kdedkohd{% Gmeoxdéec% Lc gmeoxdéec m{ }e gãpickd hm m{xpmkfd icpnme xmpczï}xokd% Hchd s}m lc gmeoxdoec {m chioeo{xpc gpmk}mexmimexm zdp lcpnd{ zmpodhd{ &hm{hm cln}ed{ im{m{ fc{xc wcpod{ cód{/, ld{ mgmkxd{ ch) wmp{d{ {de gpmk}mexm{% Z}mhm hmxmpioecp pmckkodem{ chwmp{c{ hd{o{ hmzmehomexm{ c eowml kmpm) `pdwm{xo`}lcp &cxcvoc, wïpxond, kmgclmc m fozmpckxowohch kmpm`pcl/ y c eowml nc{xpdoexm{xoecl &oppoxc) koûe nã{xpokc, ec}{mc{ y wûioxd{/% Xci`oïe z}mhm zpdh}kop pmckkodem{ chwmp{c{ ed hd{o{ hm) zmehomexm{ c eowml nmempcl kdid fozmpzlc{oc noenowcl &oeglcickoûe y kpmkoiomexd hm lc{ mekéc{/, chmedic chmedic loegãxokd, fop{}xo{id &c}imexd hml wmlld kdpzdpcl y gckocl/ y mp}zkodem{ k}xãemc{% Lcidxponoec% Lc lcidxponoec m{ }e gãpickd i}y zdkd }xolorchd, c}es}m me pmclohch {}mlm m{xcp i}y `ome xdlm) pchd zdp ml dpnceo{id% Z}mhm zpdh}kop icpmd{, ec}{mc{, cxcvoc y mp}zkodem{ k}xãemc{ ed npc) wm{, {d`pm xdhd {o {m chioeo{xpc kdeb}excimexm kdeb}excimexm kde ãkohd wclzpûokd% Ãkohd wclzpûokd% Ml ãkohd wclzpûokd &wclzpdcxd/ m{ }e imhokcimexd hm cizlod m{zmkxpd xmpczï}xokd òxol me ml xpc) xciomexd hm wcpod{ xozd{ hm mzolmz{oc% Z}mhm {mp fmzcxdxûvokd, {d`pm xdhd me eoód{ imedpm{ hm 0 cód{, llmncehd c zpdwdkcp me ld{ kc{d{ iã{ npcwm{ i}mpxm zdp gclld fmzãxokd% Zdp m{xm idxowd, m{xã kdexpcoehokchd me cs}mlld{ zckomexm{ kde megmpimhchm{ fmzãxokc{% Xci`oïe z}mhm dkc) {odecp zcekpmcxoxo{% Mxd{}voiohc% Lc mxd{}voioec m{ }e imhokcimexd s}m {m hm{cppdllû m{zmkégokcimexm zcpc ml xpcxciomexd hm mzolmz{oc{ nmempclorchc{% [}{ mgmkxd{ chwmp{d{ oekl}yme idlm{xoc{ nc{xpdoexm{xoeclm{, {died) lmekoc, cedpmvoc, icpmd y zpd`lmic{ hm ms}olo`pod%
) 86 )
`/ Mvkoxcehd cl cl NC@C &zdxmekochdpm{ &zdxmekochdpm{ hm hm lc oefo`okoûe oefo`okoûe c eowml hml [EK/% @cp`oxòpokd{% Xdhd{ ld{ `cp`oxòpokd{ {de hmzpm{dpm{ hml {o{x mic empwod{d kmexpcl1 {oe mi`cpnd, mvo{xme ho{xoe) xc{ wcpomhchm{ &lcpnc, imhoc y kdpxc h}pckoûe/ s}m hogompme hm gdpic {oneogokcxowc me ld pmgmpmexm c {}{ mgmkxd{, wohc imhoc y xdvokohch% Ml `cp`oxòpokd iã{ kdedkohd me lc ckx}clohch m{ ml gmed) `cp`oxcl, zpoimp cexokdew}l{owd mgokcr oexpdh}kohd me lc kléeokc% Hchc {} pmlcxowc `cbc xdvokohch y {} `cbd zpmkod m{ }e gãpickd cizlocimexm }xolorchd% [} {miowohc zlc{iãxokc m{ hm clpmhmhdp hm 3:: fdpc{% [} mgmkxd oehm{mc`lm iã{ gpmk}mexm m{ lc {mhckoûe &{diedlmekoc/% Xomeme s}m zc{cp wcpod{ héc{, me dkc{odem{ {micec{, zcpc s}m ml zckomexm {m wcyc ckd{x}i`pcehd c m{xc pmck) koûe cl kc`d hm ld{ k}clm{ lc {diedlmekoc wc ho{ioe}ymehd fc{xc }e iéeoid% Me eoód{ z}mhm zpdh}kop fozmps}oem{oc &fozmpckxowohch/% &fozmpckxowohch/% @merdhocrmzoec{ &@HR/% Xdhc{ lc{ `merdhocrmzoec{ &@HR/, gcioloc hm imhokcimexd{ hm cizlod m{zmkxpd, xomeme zpdzom) hchm{ cexokdew}l{owcexm{, zmpd {ûld cln}ec{ hm mllc{ {m chioeo{xpce zpoicpocimexm zcpc m{xm mzolmzxok}{ d m{xchd hm goe% Ml hocrmzci {m }xolorc kdid gãpickd hm mlmkkoûe me kc{d{ hm {xcx}{ mzolmzxok}{ icl% [m xpcxc hm kpo{o{ mzolïzxokc{ zpdldenchc{ s}m kde{xox}yme }ec mimpnmekoc em}pdlûnokc% Dxpc{ @HR }{chc{ me ho{xoexd{ kc{d{ hm mzolmz{oc {de ml kldecrmzci y ml kldpcrmzcxd% Hm{npc) kochcimexm, kochcimexm, ld{ mgmkxd{ xmpczï}xokd{ hm m{xc{ {}{xcekoc{ wce hm{czcpmkomehd hm{czcpmkomehd kde ml xomizd y cl kc`d hm {mo{ im{m{ hm xpcxciomexd cln}ed{ zckomexm{ pmzdpxce lc pmczcpokoûe pmczcpokoûe hm lc{ kpo{o{% Me lc icydpéc hm ld{ kc{d{ zpdh}kme {mhckoûe% Ld{ gãpickd{ cexomzolïzxokd{, c idhd nmempcl, {de cnmexm{ xmpcxûnmed{% Lc xmpcxdnïem{o{ fckm pmgmpmekoc c iclgdpickodem{ kdenïeoxc{ ed fmpmhoxcpoc{ s}m nmempclimexm {m hmxmkxce me ml eckoiomexd% Me m{xm {mexo) hd, ld{ cexomzolïzxokd{ z}mhme zpdh}kop hmgmkxd{ me ml hm{cppdlld kdneoxowd me eoód{ hm`ohd{ c }e hïgokox hm ãkohd gûlokd, chmiã{ hm mgmkxd{ chwmp{d{ c eowml hml x}`d em}pdecl, ckdizcóchd{ edpiclimexm hm lm{odem{ kcphéckc{, cedpiclohchm{ honoxclm{, fmehoh}pc{ `}kclm{, clxmpckodem{ kpcemdgckoclm{ y pmxpc{d imexcl, xdhd b}exd menld`chd `cbd ml edi`pm hm {éehpdim gmxcl zdp cexomzolïzxokd{% Me i}bmpm{ mi`cpcrchc{ mzolïzxo) kc{, zdp ld xcexd, {m pmkdiomehc }xolorcp }e òeokd xozd hm imhokcimexd c lc hd{o{ iéeoic mgokcr zcpc ml xpc) xciomexd hm lc megmpimhch kde ml goe hm mwoxcp zd{o`lm{ oexmpckkodem{, ckdizcóchd hm }e {}zlmimexd hm ãkohd gûlokd% Ld{ cexomzolïzxokd{ cexomzolïzxokd{ icydpoxcpocimexm xmpcxûnmed{ {de lc kcp`cicrmzoec, kcp`cicrmzoec, ml gmed`cp`oxcl, gmed`cp`oxcl, lc gmeo) xdéec y ml ãkohd wclzpûokd%
Gãpickd{ cexozcpaoe{deoced{% Lc megmpimhch hm Zcpaoe{de fckm pmgmpmekoc c }e hm{dphme kpûeokd em}pdhmnmempcxowd hm ld{ ncenlod{ `c) {clm{ s}m zpdnpm{c fc{xc hmbcp cl zckomexm oekczckoxchd zcpc mgmkx}cp idwoiomexd{ wdl}excpod{% [m d`{mpwc czpdvoichcimexm me ml 3- hm lc zd`lckoûe icydp hm == cód{, mhch me lc s}m lc megmpimhch m{ iã{ gpm) k}mexmimexm hocned{xokchc% Lc megmpimhch hm Zcpaoe{de {m hmxmkxc zpoimpd kdid }e lonmpd xmi`ldp me }ec d wcpoc{ mvxpmiohchm{, ponohmr i}{k}lcp, cedicléc{ zd{x}pclm{ y lmexox}h hm idwoiomexd{% M{xd{ {éexdic{ {m z}mhme ckdizcócp hm zïphohc hml czmxoxd y lc kde{mk}mexm zïphohc hm zm{d, hmzpm{oûe, ho{ioe}koûe hm lc kczckohch oexmlmkx}cl oexmlmkx}cl y ho{g}ekodem{ c}xûedic{ c}xûedic{ &zdp mbmizld, m{xpmóoiomexd, {m`dppmc, ho{g}ekoûe hm lc wmbo) nc, fozdxme{oûe, {}hdpckoûe mvkm{owc, oexdlmpcekoc cl kcldp, clxmpckodem{ wc{didxdpc{ m oizdxmekoc {mv}cl/% Lc {mwmpohch hm ld{ {éexdic{ z}mhm c}imexcp me ml xpce{k}p{d hm 3: c 3= cód{ fc{xc pmh}kop cl zckomexm c }e m{xchd hm kdizlmxc oeidwolohch y hm hmimekoc% C eowml em}pdlûnokd, lc megmpimhch hm Zcpaoe{de m{xã kcpckxmporchc zdp }e hm{ms}olo`pod mexpm ld{ {o{xmic{ hdzcioeïpnokd y kdloeïpnokd% Lc xmpczoc zpmhdioecexm zcpc m{xc megmpimhch m{ `ã{okcimexm gcpickdlûnokc, m{ hmkop, imhocexm hpdnc{, {omehd lc lmwdhdzc &L)HDZC/ ml imhokcimexd imhokcimexd hm mlmkkoûe% Lc L)HDZC, cndeo{xc hdzcioeïpnokd s}m ckxòc c eowml hm ld{ pmkmzxdpm{ H 0, m{ }e zpmk}p{dp hm lc hdzcioec% Ld{ mgmkxd{ hm lc L)HDZC {de iéeoid{% [} ckkoûe xmpczï}xokc y pmckkodem{ kdlcxmpclm{ {m hm`me c {} zpdh}kxd hm {} hm{kcp`dvolckoûe, lc hdzcioec% Imed{ hml =- hm lc L)HDZC chioeo{xpchc zdp wéc dpcl llmnc cl [EK, zdp lc hm{kcp`dvolckoûe s}m {}kmhm me lc {cenpm% Lc hdzcioec zpdh}kohc me lc {cenpm m{xoi}lc ml kdpcrûe% Cln}ed{ zckomexm{ z}mhme iceogm{xcp cppoxioc{ kcphockc{ &m{xm fmkfd {m hm`m c lc xpce{gdpickoûe hm lc hdzcioec me edpchpmecloec y, zd{xmpodp) imexm, me chpmecloec, hm kcpãkxmp m{xoi}lchdp/% Ml xpcxciomexd kpûeokd oeh}km xdlmpcekoc c m{xd{ mgmkxd{, c{é kdid c lc fozdxme{oûe dpxd{xãxokc d`{mpwchc me cln}ed{ kc{d{% Ld{ mgmkxd{ kdlcxmpclm{ y lc xdvokohch {de pmlcxowcimexm gpmk}mexm{ y hmzmehme hm lc hd{o{ chioeo{xpchc% Lc L)HDZC z}mhm zpdh}kop idwoiomexd{ oewdl}excpod{ cedpiclm{ me ml zckomexm1 xci`oïe z}mhm zpdwdkcp ml hmedioechd mgmkxd de)dgg, hdehm ml oeho) woh}d zc{c `p}{kcimexm hm }e m{xchd hm edpiclohch &`}mec idwolohch/ c }e m{xchd hm ponohmr s}m oizohm ml idwoiomexd h}pcexm cln}ed{ ioe}xd{ m oekl}{d fdpc{% Dxpd{ mgmkxd{ chwmp{d{ {de2 ec}{mc{, wûioxd{ y ced) pmvoc, chmiã{ hm fozdxme{oûe h}pcexm lc{ zpoimpc{ gc{m{ hml xpcxciomexd% Zcpc mwoxcp me kompxc imhohc lc{ pmckkodem{ chwmp{c{ {m {}mlm }xolorcp clnòe oefo`ohdp hm lc meroic hdzchm{kcp`dvolc{c &`me{mpcrohc, kcp`o) hdzc, mxk%/% Lc {}{zme{oûe `p}{kc hml xpcxciomexd kpûeokd z}mhm zpdh}kop zpdh}kop lc czcpokoûe hm }e {éehpdim em}pd) lïzxokd icloned%
) 8? )
Lc L)HDZC xci`oïe {}mlm }xolorcp{m zcpc xpcxcp cln}ed{ kc{d{ hm fozmpzpdlckxoemioc% fozmpzpdlckxoemioc% Me m{xm kc{d, lc{ pmck) kodem{ chwmp{c{ {de, chmiã{ hm lc{ yc imekodechc{ &idwoiomexd{ oewdl}excpod{ cedpiclm{, ec}{mc{, wûio) xd{, cedpmvoc m fozdxme{oûe/, fozdxme{oûe/, kdeg}{oûe kde cl}koeckodem{ cl}koeckodem{ wo{}clm{ y c}hoxowc{% Ld{ gãpickd{ cexokdloeïpnokd{ {de imed{ }{}clm{ zcpc ml xpcxciomexd hml Zcpaoe{de% ]ed hm ld{ imhokcime) xd{ iã{ fc`ox}clm{, me lc imhohc hm ld kdedkohd, m{ ml `ozmpohmed, s}m ckxòc `lds}mcehd ld{ pmkmzxdpm{ hm ckmxolkdloec% Me kdehokodem{ edpiclm{ mvo{xm }e ms}olo`pod mexpm ml eowml hm hdzcioec y hm ckmxolkdloec% ]ec ho{ioe}koûe hm ld{ eowmlm{ hm hdzcioec, s}m {m zpdh}km me lc megmpimhch hm Zcpaoe{de, zpdwdkc clxd{ eowmlm{ hm ckmxolkdloec% @lds}mcehd ld{ pmkmzxdpm{ hm ckmxolkdloec kde `ozmpohmed, m{m ms}olo`pod z}mhm {mp pm{xc}pchd% [}{ zpoekozclm{ pmckkodem{ chwmp{c{ {de2 {ms}mhch hm `dkc, wo{oûe `dppd{c, m{xpmóoiomexd, pmxmekoûe }poecpoc y ho{gc{oc &hogok}lxch me lc pmclorckoûe hm ld{ zpdkm{d{ imexclm{ s}m zmpioxme cpxok}lcp y kdizpmehmp kdizpmehmp ml lmen}cbm/%
Gãpickd{ kdexpc lc megmpimhch hm Clrfmoimp% Lc megmpimhch hm Clrfmoimp m{ lc kc}{c hm hmimekoc iã{ gpmk}mexm me lc zd`lckoûe cekocec, pmzpm{mexce) hd mexpm }e =: - y 6: - hml xdxcl hm lc{ hmimekoc{% [} gdpic hm zpm{mexckoûe {m kcpckxmporc zdp lc czcpo) koûe hm xpc{xdped{ imexclm{ xclm{ kdid ohmc{ hm zmp{mk}koûe, clxmpckoûe hm lc imidpoc, hm{dpomexckoûe xmizdpdm{zckocl, xmizdpdm{zckocl, zpd`lmic{ hm kdizpme{oûe hml lmen}cbm, gclxc hm imidpoc y kdewmp{ckoûe oekdemvc% [}mlm czcpmkmp hm{z}ï{ hm ld{ =: cód{ y ed {m {}mlm ckdizcócp hm {éexdic{ kmpm`pclm{ xclm{ kdid clxmpckoûe me lc icpkfc, kddphoeckoûe hm idwoiomexd{ d clxmpckodem{ me ld{ pmglmbd{% C}es}m lc megmpimhch hm Clrfmoimp {m kcpckxmporc zdp }e hmxmpodpd zpdnpm{owd hm lc{ g}ekodem{ oexmlmkx}clm{, lc mwdl}koûe hml k}chpd m{ i}y wcpoc`lm% Iomexpc{ s}m me }ed{ kc{d{ {m zpdh}km }ec mwdl}koûe i}y pãzohc &imed{ hm }e cód/, me dxpd{ ml hmxmpodpd hm lc{ g}ekodem{ oexmlmkx}clm{ {m zpdldenc iã{ hm 3= cód{% G}ehcimexclimexm, ld{ gãpickd{ }xolorchd{ me ml xpcxciomexd hml Clrfmoimp {}mlme {mp ho{xoexd{ me g}ekoûe hm lc gc{m xmizdpcl hm lc megmpimhch% H}pcexm lc{ gc{m{ oeokoclm{ {m {}mlme }xolorcp oefo`ohdpm{ hm lc meroic kdloem{xmpc{c kdid lc xckpoec d ml hdemzmrold1 me gc{m{ zd{xmpodpm{ &zpdnpm{oûe hm lc megmpimhch/ m{ fc`o) x}cl ml }{d hm m{xpûnmed{, cexooeglcicxdpod{ ed m{xmpdéhokd{ &COEM{/ y zopckmxci% Lc xckpoec m{ }e gãpickd zdkd fc`ox}cl, hchd s}m nmempc }ec mlmwchc fmzcxdxdvokohch1 ml hdemzmrold, zdp {} zcpxm, ed zpm{mexc m{xc xdvokohch, zdp ld s}m {}mlm mlmnop{m zcpc ml xpcxciomexd hml Clrfmoimp me {}{ gc{m{ oeokoclm{% [}mlm zpdh}kop ec}{mc{, ckdizcóchc{ d ed hm wûioxd{, y, me kc{d{ hm zckomexm{ mzolïzxokd{, z}mhm oekpmimexcp lc{ kpo{o{ kdew}l{owc{% Lc{ pmckkodem{ chwmp{c{ hml hdemzmrold {de hmzmehomexm{ hm lc hd{o{% Ml }{d hm m{xpûnmed{ m{ fc`ox}cl z}m{xd s}m lc megmpimhch hm Clrfmoimp xomem }ec icydp oekohmekoc me i}bmpm{% Ld{ m{xpûnmed{ xomeme }e mgmkxd kdloeïpnokd em}pdxpûgokd y em}pdzpdxmkxdp, z}homehd zdxmekocp g}ekodem{ kdneoxowc{ xcexd me fdi`pm{ kdid me i}bmpm{% Z}mhme zpdh}kop ec}{mc{, wûioxd{ &{}mlme pmioxop xpc{ 3)0 {micec{ hm xpcxciomexd/ m fozmpzlc{oc mehdimxpocl &òeokcimexm me i}bmpm{/% Ml kde{}id hm COEM{ me oehowoh}d{ icydpm{ hm == cód{ {m c{dkoc kde }ec imedp oekohmekoc me lc megmpimhch hm Clrfmoimp% Ld{ COEM{ xomeme g}ekoûe wc{dholcxchdpc, ckx}cehd xci`oïe kdid zpdxmkxdpm{ hm lc i}kd{c nc{xpdoexm{xoecl% Z}mhme zpdh}kop pmckkodem{ chwmp{c{ c eowml nc{xpdoexm{xoecl &òlkmpc{ y zmpgdpckodem{/, c eowml k}xãemd &mp}zkodem{, }pxokcpoc y gdxd{me{o`olohch/1 chmiã{, xci`oïe z}mhm oeh}kop }e c}imexd hm lc zpm{oûe cpxmpocl% Ml zopckmxci ckxòc c}imexcehd ld{ eowmlm{ em}pdeclm{ hm ckmxolkdloec y, chmiã{, zd{mm ckkoûe {d`pm lc{ xmpioeclm{ nc`cïpnokc{% [o `ome zpdh}km imbdpéc kléeokc, ï{xc hm`m {mp mwcl}chc me m{x}hod{ kde np}zd{ hm zckomexm{ iã{ cizlod{% [}mlm {mp i}y òxol zdp zpdh}kop pmckkodem{ chwmp{c{ lmwm{ y xpce{oxdpoc{, g}ehcimexclimexm xpc{xdped{ nc{xpdoexm{xoeclm{ y {éehpdim{ kdeg}{odeclm{% kdeg}{odeclm{% Gãpickd{ zcpc lc hm{fc`ox}ckoûe hml clkdfdl% Kdexpcpocimexm c ld s}m i}kfc nmexm zome{c, ml clkdfdl m{ }e hmzpm{dp hml [EK% Cs}mllc{ zmp{dec{ s}m {omexme zdhmp fckmp imbdp i}kfc{ kd{c{ &fc`lcp, `colcp, icembcp, mxk%/ hm{z}ï{ hm fc`mp oenmpohd "cln}ed{ xpcnd{" {m ms}owdkce% M{m m{xchd hm czcpmexm `omem{xcp y pmlcbckoûe zpdwomem hm lc hm{oefo`okoûe s}m pm{}lxc hm lc hmzpm{oûe hm imkceo{id{ oefo`oxdpod{% Ml {o{xmic empwod{d m{ zcpxok}lcpimexm {me{o`lm c ld{ mgmkxd{ hml clkdfdl, y {de ld{ zpdkm{d{ oefo`oxdpod{ ld{ oeokoclimexm oeokoclimexm cgmkxchd{% _ cl ho{ioe}op lc oefo`okoûe, ml ms}olo`pod hm lc mvkoxc`olohch kmpm`pcl {m zomphm idimexãemcimexm c gcwdp hm lc mvkoxckoûe% Kdid dk}ppm kde lc icyd) péc hm lc{ hpdnc{, {}{ mgmkxd{ hmzmehme hm lc hd{o{% Ld{ kmexpd{ {}zmpodpm{ {m hmzpoime zpoimpd2 ml fc`lc, ml zme{ciomexd, lc kdneokoûe y ml b}okod% C imhohc s}m lc kdekmexpckoûe clkdfûlokc c}imexc me lc {cenpm, {m hmzpoime ld{ kmexpd{ oegmpodpm{, oekl}ymehd lc pm{zopckoûe y ld{ pmglmbd{ m{zoeclm{% C hd{o{ icydpm{ xcexd ld{ imkceo{id{ oefo`oxdpod{ kdid ld{ mvkoxcxdpod{ {m cgmkxce% M{ c{é kdid lc oexdvokckoûe clkdfûlokc z}mhm llm) ncp fc{xc ml m{xchd hm kdic% Ml }{d kdexoe}d d gpmk}mexm hm clkdfdl oeh}km xdlmpcekoc kdid ld{ `cp`oxòpokd{ y dxpc{ hpdnc{%
) =: )
Ld{ gãpickd{ }xolorchd{ zcpc lc hm{fc`ox}ckoûe hm{fc`ox}ckoûe hml clkdfdl {}mlme hogmpmekocp{m me hd{ kcxmndpéc{ ho{xoexc{2 Gãpickd{ zcpc ml xpcxciomexd hml {éehpdim hm c`{xoemekoc, g}ehcimexclimexm `merdhocrmzo) ec{, {omehd {}{ zpoekozclm{ mgmkxd{ chwmp{d{2 hmzpm{oûe pm{zopcxdpoc c eowml kmexpcl, {diedlme) koc, kdeg}{oûe, oekddphoeckoûe idxdpc y {ms}mhch hm `dkc% Gãpickd{ zcpc lc zpmwmekoûe hm zd{o`lm{ pmkcéhc{, s}m z}mhme }xolorcp{m kdid xmpczoc hm cwmp) {oûe, kc{d hml ho{}lgopci y lc kcp`oiohc, d `ome kdid clowocexm hm lc ce{omhch hml clkdfdl, kc{d hm lc eclxpmvdec y ml ckcizpd{cxd% ckcizpd{cxd% Ml ho{}lgopci y lc kcp`oiohc ed zpdh}kme pmckkodem{ chwmp) {c{1 òeokcimexm cl oenmpop{m hm gdpic kdeb}exc kde clkdfdl z}mhme czcpmkmp ec}{mc{, wûioxd{ y hocppmc{% Lc eclxpmvdec, g}ehcimexclimexm, `lds}mc ld{ mgmkxd{ npcxogokcexm{ hml clkdfdl% [m {c`m ckx}climexm s}m ld{ dzodohm{ mehûnmed{ {m pmlckodece kde ld{ zpdkm{d{ hm mvxoekoûe hm oiz}l{d{, imhocexm lc czcpokoûe hm gmeûimed{ npcxogokcexm{1 zmpd me lc{ zmp{dec{ clkdfûlokc{ d hm clxd pom{nd chokxowd, xdhd{ ld{ zpdkm{d{ hm kdexpdl m{xãe clxmpchd{, zpdwdkcehd lc kdexoe}c) koûe hm lc oenm{xc% Zpdh}komehd }e kdpxm me lc ckxowohch hml {o{xmic dzodohm imhocexm m{xc {}{) xcekoc, {m kde{on}m s}m czcpmrkce ld{ imkceo{id{ hm kdexpdl% Ml `lds}md hm hokfd{ pmkmzxdpm{ mwoxc lc zpm{mekoc hm ld{ mgmkxd{ m}gûpokd{ d npcxogokcexm{% M{xm gãpickd dgpmkm `memgokod{ xmpc) zï}xokd{ oizdpxcexm{ kde pom{nd{ `cbd{1 kdid mgmkxd{ {mk}ehcpod{ z}mhme czcpmkmp, g}ehcime) xclimexm, eã}{mc{, kmgclmc{ y wïpxond{% Ml ckcizpd{cxd, zdp dxpc zcpxm, m{ }e gãpickd k}yd imkceo{id hm ckkoûe zpoekozcl m{ lc oefo`okoûe hm lc mvkoxc`olohch hm lc{ em}pdec{, zdp cexcnd) eo{id hm lc ckxowohch hm ld{ cioedãkohd{ mvkoxchdpm{, m{zmkoclimexm hml nl}xcicxd, y xci`oïe zdp }ec pmh}kkoûe hml gl}bd hml kclkod imhocexm `lds}md hm ld{ kceclm{ hm xpce{zdpxm hm ld{ io{id{% Hm m{xc gdpic {m kde{on}m {}zpoiop ml hm{md oizmpod{d hm kde{}id clkdfûlokd oeh}ko) hd zdp lc c`{xoemekoc% M{ }e gãpickd {mn}pd y `c{xcexm `ome xdlmpchd, {omehd {}{ mgmkxd{ {m) k}ehcpod{ iã{ gpmk}mexm{ hm xozd nc{xpdoexm{xoecl &ec}{mc{, wûioxd{ y hdldp c`hdioecl/ d hmp) icxdlûnokd &zp}poxd y mp}zkodem{ k}xãemc{/, zmpd hm h}pckoûe xpce{oxdpoc% Mvkmzkodeclimexm z}mhm dkc{odecp oizdxmekoc {mv}cl y clxmpckoûe hm lc lo`ohd% Ed zpm{mexc pom{nd hm c`}{d%
XXMIC MIC 00;% ;% C zcp cxd lldkdidxdp% dkdidxdp % Czcpcxd Ld{ {mpm{ f}iced{ ed {de }ec m{zmkom “klcwchc cl {}mld’ kdid lc{ zlcexc{, {oed s}m z}mhme hm{zlcrcp{m% Oekl}{d {oe s}m mvo{xc hm{zlcrciomexd, pmclorc xdhc }ec {mpom hm idwoiomexd{% Xdhd m{xd {m hm`m npckoc{ cl czcpcxd ldkdidxdp% Ml czcpcxd ldkdidxdp z}mhm hmgoeop{m kdid cs}ml mexpcichd hm f}m{d{, cpxok}lckodem{, kcpxélcnd{, iò{k}ld{ y xmehdem{, s}m kdegdpice ml m{s}mlmxd y lc i}{k}lcx}pc, pm{zmkxowcimexm, kczcr hm zmpioxop hm gdpic wdl}excpoc d oewdl}excpoc ml idwoiomexd hml dpnceo{id% Ml emvd hm }eoûe mexpm ld{ hogmpme) xm{ f}m{d{ {de lc{ cpxok}lckodem{, s}m {m z}mhme howohop me iûwolm{ y gobc{% Mexpm ld{ hogmpmexm{ f}m{d{ {m {oxòce lc{ cpxok}lckodem{ y, gdpicehd zcpxm hm kchc cpxok}lckoûe, mvo{xm }e xmbohd s}m ckxòc kdid hm{lorcexm y zmpioxm pmclorcp ld{ idwoiomexd{ kde {}cwohch% M{xm xmbohd pmko`m ml edi`pm hm kcpxélcnd cpxok}lcp y {m kdi) zdpxc kdid kdlkfûe mexpm ld{ f}m{d{ cidpxon}cehd ld{ ndlzm{ hm`ohd{ c {clxd{ d idwoiomexd{% Chmiã{, mvo{xme dxpd{ mlmimexd{ s}m kdegdpice lc cpxok}lckoûe, kdid lc imi`pcec {oedwocl, s}m mew}mlwm lc cpxok}) lckoûe y zpdh}km }e lés}ohd l}`pokcexm, ml lés}ohd {oedwocl% Lc pm}icxdldnéc m{ }ec m{zmkoclohch s}m c`cpkc }ec{ 0:: megmpimhchm{ s}m cgmkxce c zpd`lmic{ hml czcpcxd ldkdidxdp, m{ hmkop, c iò{k}ld{, xmehdem{, f}m{d{, kcpxélcnd{ y cpxok}lckodem{% Mexpm lc{ iã{ gpmk}mexm{ hm{xckce lc cpxpd{o{, lc cpxpoxo{ pm}icxdohm y lc fozmp}pokmioc &megmpimhch hm lc ndxc/% Lc cpxpd{o{ {m kcpckxmporc zdp }ec hmnpchckoûe hml kcpxélcnd c eowml hm lc{ cpxok}lckodem{% Lc cpxpoxo{ pm}icxdohm &CP/, megmpimhch clnd iã{ npcwm, {m kcpckxmporc zdp }ec oe) glcickoûe {oiïxpokc hm lc{ cpxok}lckodem{, zpdh}koïehd{m hdldp y hogok}lxch me ml idwoiomexd1 chmiã{, {m z}mhme lm{odecp dxpc{ zcpxm{ hml dpnceo{id% Lc fozmp}pokmioc {m hmgoem kdid }e mvkm{d hm }pcxd{ &{clm{ hm ãkohd òpokd/ me zlc{ic% Me dkc{odem{, lc fozmp}pokmioc z}mhm {mp c{oexdiãxokc1 m{xm kc{d m{ kdiòe y ed pms}ompm xpcxciomexd% [oe mi`cpnd, me ld{ kc{d{ iã{ npcwm{, z}mhm zpmho{zdemp c lc hmedioechc megmpim) hch hm lc ndxc% Lc ndxc kdizpmehm }e np}zd fmxmpdnïemd hm megmpimhchm{ mvxpmichcimexm hdldpd{c{ s}m {m kcpckxmporce zdp lc gdpickoûe hm hmzû{oxd{ hm kpo{xclm{ hm }pcxd me cpxok}lckodem{ y xmehdem{% C idhd nmempcl, ld{ gãpickd{ iã{ }xolorchd{ zcpc ml xpcxciomexd hm megmpimhchm{ pmlckodechc{ pmlckodechc{ kde ml czc) pcxd ldkdidxdp {}mlme {mp2 Cexooeglcicxdpod{ ed m{xmpdohmd{ &COEM{/% Cexooeglcicxdpod{ Gãpickd{ cexoppm}iãxokd{% Gãpickd{ cexondxd{d{%
) =3 )
Cexooeglcicxdpod{ ed m{xmpdohmd{ &COEM{/% Ld{ COEM{ iã{ fc`ox}clm{ {de ld{ {clokolcxd{, lc{ zopcrdldec{, ld{ hmpowchd{ oehdlckïxokd{, cpolckïxokd{ y cpolzpdzoûeokd{, lc{ dvokcic{ y {}{ ceãldnd{, ld{ gmecicxd{, ld{ z)cioedgmedlm{ y ld{ oefo`ohdpm{ {mlmkxowd{ hm lc meroic koklddvonmec{c &KDVO@/% C mvkmzkoûe hm hd{ m{xd{ òlxoid{, ld{ COEM{ ed {de {mlmkxowd{ kde pm{zmkxd c lc meroic koklddvonmec{c% Lc meroic koklddvonmec{c &KDV/ czcpmkm oizlokchc me lc gdpickoûe hm zpd{xcnlcehoec{ c zcpxop hml ãkohd cpcs}ohûeokd% Lc{ zpd{xcnlcehoec{ &ZN/ {de zdxmexm{ imhochdpm{ hm lc oeglcickoûe npckoc{ c {} g}ekoûe wc{dholcxchdpc% Ml zpoimp zc{d hm lc {éexm{o{ hm zpd{xcnlcehoec{ zpd{xcnlcehoec{ c zcpxop hml ãkohd cpcs}ohûeokd m{ }ec hodvonmeckoûe hml cpcs}ohdecxd s}m hc l}ncp c lc zpd{xcnlcehoec N0 &ZNN0/, {mn}ohc hm }ec pmckkoûe hm pmh}kkoûe c zpd{xcnlcehoec F0 &ZNF0/% Ci`c{ pmckkodem{ {de kcxclorchc{ zdp lc meroic koklddvonmec{c% @ã{okcimexm, mvo{xme hd{ o{dgdpic{ hm KDV me f}iced{2 KDV)3, s}m icexomem }ec zpdh}kkoûe go{odlûnokc edpicl hm zpd{xcnlcehoec{, y KDV)0, s}m m{ oeh}kohc zdp koxds}oec{, ioxûnmed{ y mehdxdvoec{ me kïl}lc{ oeglcicxdpoc{, y s}m m{ lc pm{zde{c`lm hm lc zpdh}kkoûe hm zpd{xcnlcehoec{ me ml zpdkm{d oeglcicxdpod% [mnòe cln}ed{ cln}ed{ c}xdpm{, zdhpéc mvo{xop dxpc o{dgdpic, lc KDV);, me ml xmbohd kmpm`pcl s}m mvzlokcpéc lc ckxowohch ceclnï{okc hm ld{ z)cioedgmedlm{ xmeomehd, {oe mi`cpnd, }ec hï`ol ckkoûe cexooeglcic) xdpoc% Ld{ KDVO@, zdp dxpc zcpxm, ckxòce {mlmkxowcimexm {d`pm lc o{dgdpic KDV)0% Hm gdpic nmempcl, ld{ COEM{ z}mhme hmxmpioecp howmp{c{ pmckkodem{ chwmp{c{2 C eowml nc{xpdoexm{xoecl z}mhme zpdh}kop ec}{mc{, wûioxd{ y ho{zmz{oc{1 me ld{ kc{d{ iã{ npcwm{ z}mhme czcpmkmp òlkmpc{ y zmpgdpckodem{ &me g}ekoûe hm lc mhch hml oehowoh}d, hm lc hd{o{ hm gãpic) kd {}ioeo{xpchc, hml xomizd hm xpcxciomexd, mxk%/% Zcpc zpmwmeop lc{ pmckkodem{ }lkmpd{c{ {m {}mlm chioeo{xpcp hm gdpic kdeb}exc ld{ COEM{ kde io{dzpd{xdl } dimzpcrdl, {d`pmxdhd me zckomexm{ ic) ydpm{ hm 7= cód{, zckomexm{ kde cexmkmhmexm{ }lkmpd{d{ y zckomexm{ fd{zoxclorchd{% C eowml k}xãemd z}mhme zpdh}kop mp}zkodem{, mp}zkodem{, gdxd{me{o`olohch y }pxokcpoc lmwm% fozmpxme{oûe% C eowml wc{k}lcp z}mhme zpdh}kop fozmpxme{oûe% Me kc{d{ hm c{ic z}mhme hmxmpioecp }e cnpcwciomexd hm lc megmpimhch% Fdy me héc, ld{ cexooeglcicxdpod{ iã{ }xolorchd{ {de, {oe h}hc, ml ãkohd ckmxol{clokélokd &CC[ d c{zopoec/ y ml zcpckmxcidl% zcpckmxcidl% Lc c{zopoec m{ }e {clokolcxd s}m oeckxowc oppmwmp{o`lmimexm hm gdpic ed {mlmkxowc lc KDV% Zdp pmnlc nmempcl ed {}mlm zpdh}kop pmckkodem{ p mckkodem{ chwmp{c{1 òeokcimexm me xpcxciomexd{ kpûeokd{ c hd{o{ mlmwchc{ z}mhm kdeh}kop c }e k}chpd hm {clokolo{id s}m {m kcpckxmporc zdp xoeox}{ &p}ohd me ld{ déhd{/, kmgclmc, zïpho) hc hm c}hokoûe, wïpxond, kdeg}{oûe imexcl, ec}{mc{, wûioxd{ y hocppmc% K}cehd {m chioeo{xpce {clokolcxd{ kdid lc c{zopoec hm gdpic kdeb}exc kde hmxmpioechd{ gãpickd{ cexokdcn}lcexm{ &zdp mbmizld, ckmedk}ic) pdl/ {m z}mhm cnpcwcp }e m{xchd fmidppãnokd% Ld{ {clokolcxd{, chmiã{, {de cnmexm{ xmpcxûnmed{% Ml zcpckm) xcidl, zdp {} zcpxm, m{ }e z)cioedgmedl s}m oeckxowc oppmwmp{o`lm y {mlmkxowcimexm lc o{dgdpic KDV); c eowml kmpm`pcl% M{ i}y òxol zcpc clowocp ml hdldp y ld{ zpdkm{d{ gm`polm{ &m{ }e `}me ceclnï{okd y cexozopïxokd/% C hd{o{ `cbc{, {}mlm {mp }e imhokcimexd imhokcimexd i}y `ome xdlmpchd zdp ml dpnceo{id1 {oe mi`cpnd, c hd{o{ {}zmpodpm{ c 3:)3= n$héc z}mhm zpdh}kop }ec npcwm oexdvokckoûe s}m {}mlm kdeh}kop c gclld fmzãxokd% Lc oexdvokckoûe zdp zcpckmxcidl zpdh}km }e k}chpd kléeokd hdioechd cexm xdhd zdp ml hm{cppdlld hm }ec oe{}gokomekoc fmzãxokc zdp emkpd{o{% M{xm k}chpd z}mhm {mp howohohd me k}cxpd mxczc{ kléeokc{ `ome hogmpmekoc) hc{ {mnòe ml oexmpwcld hm xomizd s}m xpce{k}ppm hm{hm ml idimexd hm oenm{xoûe2 o% M{xchod zpoicpod &zmpodhd lcxmexm/% H}pcexm lc{ zpoimpc{ 08 fdpc{, ld{ megmpid{ {}mlme mekdexpcp{m kdizlmxcimexm c{oexdiãxo) kd{, c}es}m xci`oïe m{ fc`ox}cl lc czcpokoûe hm eã}{mc{, wûioxd{ y iclm{xcp nmempcl, s}m z}mhme ckdizcócp{m hm zclohmr y {}hdpckoûe% Chmiã{, z}mhm czcpmkmp }ec g}mpxm oppoxc) koûe c eowml nc{xpdoexm{xoecl% nc{xpdoexm{xoecl% oo% M{xchod {mk}ehcpod% H}pcexm ld{ 0); héc{ {on}omexm{, ml oexdvokchd {}gpm ec}{mc{ y wûioxd{% C eowml `ods}éiokd, c}imexce lc{ meroic{ xpce{cioec{c{1 me ld{ m{x}hod{ hm lc`dpcxdpod, lc `olopp}`oec y ml xomi) zd hm zpdxpdi`oec {de edpiclm{ d {m mek}mexpce lonmpcimexm mlmwchd{% Lc{ kdizlokckodem{ {m pmlckodece hopmkxcimexm kde ml npchd hm ho{g}ekoûe fmzãxokc, z}homehd czcpmkmp fozdnl}) kmioc, mekmgcldzcxéc fmzãxokc, clxmpckodem{ hm lc kdcn}lckoûe d ckohd{o{% Z}mhm czcpmkmp xci`oïe gclld pmecl, c}es}m {}mlm {mp zd{xmpodp c lc czcpokoûe hm lc fmzcxdzcxéc% fmzcxdzcxéc% ooo% M{xchod xmpkocpod% Ml m{xchod xmpkocpod m{ lc gc{m hm icydp lm{oûe fmzãxokc% Kdizpmehm ml xomizd xpce{k}ppohd mexpm ml xmpkmp y k}cpxd héc xpc{ lc oenm{xc% C eowml `ods}éiokd, ld{ icpkchdpm{ hm gclld fmzã) xokd, kdid xpce{cioec{c{ d lc `olopp}`oec czcpmkme i}y mlmwchd{ me zlc{ic% Me lc icydpéc hm ld{ kc{d{, ld{ zckomexm{ {}mlme pmk}zmpcp{m kdizlmxcimexm% Fcy dkc{odem{, {oe mi`cp) nd, me lc{ s}m ml k}chpd xûvokd z}mhm {mp zdxmekoclimexm idpxcl% Ml gcllmkoiomexd dk}ppm hm xpm{ c {omxm héc{ xpc{ lc oexdvokckoûe y {m zpdh}km zdp clxmpckodem{ imxc`ûlokc{ oexpcxc`lm{, kdizlokckodem{ kdizlokckodem{ {mk}ehcpoc{ kdid mhmic kmpm`pcl y cppoxioc{, d fmidppcnoc zdp kdcn}ldzc) kdcn}ldzc) xéc, c ld s}m {m z}mhm {}icp gpckc{d pmecl cn}hd% C}es}m ml gclld pmecl {mc {mwmpd, ï{xm xci`oïe m{ kc{o {omizpm pmwmp{o`lm%
) =0 )
ow%
M{xchod k}cxmpecpod% Goeclimexm, h}pcexm ld{ {on}omexm{ héc{, lc xdvokohch fmzãxokc pmioxm1 me kc{d kdexpcpod {m zpdh}kopã }e gclld fmzãxokd s}m z}mhm kdeh}kop c lc i}mpxm hml zckomexm% Me eoód{ imedpm{ hm 30 cód{ ed {}mlm zpdh}kop{m gclld fmzãxokd% Lc pmk}zmpckoûe m{ c ime}hd kdizlmxc me =) 7 héc{ me zckomexm{ zdkd cgmkxchd{, zmpd {o lc xdvokohch fc {ohd oizdpxcexm, lc pmk}zmpckoûe {m zpdldenc 0 {micec{ d iã{% Mvo{xme, {oe mi`cpnd, zckomexm{ me ld{ k}clm{ zmp{o{xme hm gdpic kpûeokc cln}ec{ clxmpckodem{ fmzãxokc{%
Gãpickd{ cexoppm}iãxokd{% Lc{ megmpimhchm{ pm}iãxokc{ gdpice }e np}zd hm zcxdldnéc{ k}yd{ mlmimexd{ kdi}em{ {de lc zpdh}kkoûe hm c}xdcexok}mpzd{ gpmexm c dpnãe}ld{ &zpoekozclimexm pmlckodechd{ kde ml eòklmd/ hm lc{ kïl}lc{ hml zpdzod oehowoh}d, c{é kdid hm kdizlmbd{ oei}em{ y lc zpm{mekoc hm imkceo{id{ ceûicld{ hm oei}eohch kml}lcp% Lc mwdl}koûe kléeokc hm m{xm kdeb}exd hm megmpimhchm{ z}mhm wcpocp cizlocimexm c ld lcpnd hml xomizd y hm{cppdllcp{m {on}omehd zc}xc{ i}y oehowoh}clorchc{% Lc{ gdpic{ iã{ kdi}em{ {de lc m{klmpdhmpioc, ml l}z}{ {o{xïiokd mpoxmicxd{d, lc m{klmpd{o{ {o{xïiokc zpdnpm{owc, ml {éehpdim hm [b÷npme, lc megmpimhch iov) xc hml xmbohd kdemkxowd y, m{zmkoclimexm, lc cpxpoxo{ pm}icxdohm% Me xïpioed{ m{xché{xokd{ nld`clm{, czpdvo) ichcimexm ml ;:- hm ld{ zckomexm{ kde cpxpoxo{ pm}icxdohm idpopãe kdid kde{mk}mekoc hm lc megmpimhch c ld lcpnd hm ld{ {on}omexm{ 0= cód{ xpc{ {} hocneû{xokd d zpoimpc{ iceogm{xckodem{ kléeokc{ hm lc megmpimhch% Lc{ m{xoickodem{ {d`pm lc m{zmpcerc hm wohc hm ld{ zckomexm{ kde cpxpoxo{ pm}icxdohm oehokce 3: cód{ im) ed{ s}m k}cls}omp dxpc zmp{dec% Zdp {} zcpxm, lc {}zmpwowmekoc cl kc`d hm = cód{ hm ld{ zckomexm{ cgmkxchd{ zdp lc gdpic npcwm hm lc megmpimhch, m{ hm czmec{ }e =:-% Lc czcpokoûe hm lc megmpimhch womem hmxmpio) echc zdp lc oexmpckkoûe hm }e cnmexm kc}{cl, xdhcwéc ed ohmexogokchd, kde }e xozd m{zmkégokd hm loegdkoxd{ X me }ec zmp{dec nmeïxokcimexm {}{kmzxo`lm% @ã{okcimexm, zdhmid{ ho{xoen}op hd{ kcxmndpéc{ hm gãpickd{ cexoppm}iãxokd{2 Cexoppm}iãxokd{ m{zmkégokd{% Cexoppm}iãxokd{ "hï`olm{"% Hm{xckce lc c}pcedgoec, hmpowchd dpcl hm dpd, y cln}ed{ cexoiclãpokd{, kdid lc kldpds}oec y lc fohpdvokldpds}oec% Lc c}pcedgoec zcpmkm {mp ml imhokcimexd imed{ mgokcr y imed{ xûvokd hml np}zd% Hm ld{ cexoiclãpokd{, lc kldpds}oec m{ iã{ zdxmexm s}m lc fohpdvokldpds}oec% fohpdvokldpds}oec% Cexoppm}iãxokd{ "g}mpxm{"% Hm{xckce lc {}lgc{clcroec, cln}ec{ {clm{ hm dpd oeymkxc`lm{, lc zmeokolcioec y ml imxdxpmvc) xd% Hmexpd hm mlld{ ed {m z}mhme fckmp ho{xoekodem{ wãlohc{ hm mgokckoc me `c{m c ld{ hcxd{ ho{zdeo`lm{% M{xã `c{xcexm mvxmehohc lc oizpm{oûe hm s}m lc{ {clm{ hm dpd oeymkxc`lm{ {de ld{ cnmexm{ iã{ zdhmpd{d{ zmpd xci`oïe ld{ iã{ xûvokd{% Zdp dxpc zcpxm, lc pczohmr hm ck) koûe y ml mlmwchd zdpkmexcbm hm pm{z}m{xc fc hchd }e npchd clxd hm ckmzxckoûe cl imxd) xpmvcxd% Zm{m c lc{ ecx}pclm{ pmxokmekoc{ c }{cp cnmexm{ cexoemdzlã{okd{ zcpc m{xm xozd hm czlokckodem{, i}kfd{ kléeokd{ ld kde{ohmpce yc hm zpoimpc mlmkkoûe, z}m{xd s}m c hd{o{ `c) bc{ {m {c`m s}m mbmpkm ckkoûe cexooeglcicxdpoc% Goeclimexm, lc zmeokolcioec zcpmkm xmemp }e `memgokod kléeokcimexm y m{xché{xokcimexm {oneogokcxowd {d`pm lc ckxowohch hm lc megmpimhch pm}iãxokc% [oe mi`cpnd, {} xdvokohch m{ {oneogokcxowcimexm {oneogokcxowcimexm mlmwchc% Cnmexm{ oei}ed{}zp o ei}ed{}zpm{dpm{% m{dpm{% Hm{xckce lc crcxodzpoec y lc kokldgd{gciohc% kokldgd{gciohc% Lc mgokckoc hm lc crcxodzpoec m{xã `ome hdk}imexchc, zm) pd {}{ mgmkxd{ z}mhme xcphcp iã{ hm 7 im{m{ me czcpmkmp% Lc kokldgd{gciohc m{ iã{ xûvokc y klc) pcimexm m{ }e gãpickd hm òlxoid pmk}p{d% Gãpickd{ cexondxd{d{% Lc ndxc m{ }ec megmpimhch imxc`ûlokc zdp lc k}cl {m gdpic }e mvkm{d hm ãkohd òpokd me zlc{ic &fozmp}po) kmioc/ y cpxpoxo{ c eowml hml czcpcxd ldkdidxdp1 me cln}ed{ kc{d{ z}mhme czcpmkmp kãlk}ld{ pmeclm{ d oe{}go) komekoc pmecl kpûeokc% Lc cpxpoxo{ hm lc ndxc m{ kcpckxmpé{xokc, z}m{ {}mlm ckdizcócp{m hm }e hdldp oexme{d hm kdpxc h}pckoûe &imed{ hm }ec {micec/, s}m imbdpc kdizlmxcimexm hm{z}ï{ hm lc kpo{o{ hdldpd{c, zmpd s}m pmnpm{c l}mnd hm }e xomizd kde on}clm{ kcpckxmpé{xokc{% Oeokoclimexm ld{ hdldpm{ {}mlme czcpmkmp {d`pm }ec cpxok}lckoûe, edpiclimexm npcehm kdid lc pdhollc d ml xd`olld, zmpd m{ kcpckxmpé{xokc lc zpm{mexckoûe me ml hmhd ndphd hml zom% Ld{ gãpickd{ cexondxd{d{ {}mlme }xolorcp{m zcpc ml xpcxciomexd hm cxcs}m{ cn}hd{ d kdid kdppmkxdpm{ hm lc fozmp}pokmioc% Zcpc ml zpoimp kc{d ml gãpickd hm mlmkkoûe m{ lc kdlkfokoec% [}{ zpoe) kozclm{ pmckkodem{ chwmp{c{ {de ec}{mc{, ec}{mc{, wûioxd{ y hocppmc{% Zcpc kdppmnop lc fozmp}pokmioc {m {}mlm }xolorcp cldz}poedl d `merd`pdicpdec% Ml zpoimpd z}mhm zpdh}kop kmgclmc, ho{zmz{oc y hocppmc1 lc `merd`pdicpdec, zdp {} zcpxm, z}mhm zpdh}kop ec}{mc{ y wûioxd{%
) =; )
XXMIC MIC 008% zcp cxd hhonm{xowd onm{xowd yy i mxc`d lo{id% `ddlo{id% 088%% C Czcpcxd imxc` Ml czcpcxd honm{xowd m{ }e lcpnd x}`d, kde oizdpxcexm{ nlãeh}lc{ c{dkochc{, {omehd {} g}ekoûe lc xpce{gdp) ickoûe hm lc{ kdizlmbc{ idlïk}lc{ hm ld{ cloimexd{ me {}{xcekoc{ {oizlm{ y gãkolimexm }xolorc`lm{ zdp ml dpnceo{id me }e zpdkm{d kdedkohd kdid imxc`dlo{id% M{xd{ kdiz}m{xd{ e}xpoxowd{ {oizlm{ {de c`{dp`ohd{ zdp lc{ wmlld{ohchm{ oexm{xoeclm{, s}m xczorce ml oexm{xoed hmlnchd% C{é z}m{, zc{ce c lc {cenpm y e}xpme xd) hc{ y kchc }ec hm lc{ kïl}lc{ hml dpnceo{id%
Gãpickd{ ckxowd{ me xpc{xdped{ nc{xpdoexm{xoeclm{% Gãpickd{ zpdkoeïxokd{% Ld{ gãpickd{ zpdkoeïxokd{ {de cs}mlld{ k}yc goeclohch m{ c}imexcp lc idxolohch hml xpckxd honm{xowd, zmpioxomehd c{é pmn}lcporcp lc g}ekoûe oexm{xoecl me zckomexm{ kde c}{mekoc d ho{ioe}koûe hm kdexpck) kodem{% Lc ckxowohch zpdkoeïxokc womem hmxmpioechc zdp lc ckkoûe cndeo{xc gpmexm c ld{ pmkmzxdpm{ {m) pdxdeoeïpnokd{ pdxdeoeïpnokd{ =)XF8% Ld{ zpdkoeïxokd{ iã{ fc`ox}clm{ {de lc ko{czpohc y lc koeoxczpohc% [}{ zpoekozc) lm{ mgmkxd{ chwmp{d{ {de2 hdldp c`hdioecl, c`lcehciomexd gmkcl y hocppmc% Me cln}ed{ kc{d{ z}mhme zpdh}kop cppoxioc{ kcphockc{ npcwm{ me oehowoh}d{ kde zpd`lmic{ pmlckodechd{ &kcphodzcxéc{/% Xci) `oïe z}mhme zpdh}kop xdvokohch fmzãxokc zdp oefo`op ml koxdkpdid Z8=: c mlmwchc{ hd{o{% Cln}ed{ gãpickd{ oefo`ohdpm{ hml koxdkpdid Z8=: {de, zdp mbmizld, lc koimxohoec, ml dimzpcrdl, lc mpoxpdioko) ec y lc gl}dvmxoec &Zpdrck¥/% Gãpickd{ cexomiïxokd{, cexokoemxû{okd{, cexowmpxonoed{d{ y mimxorcexm{% Ml imkceo{id hml wûioxd m{ mvxpmichcimexm kdizlmbd cl {mp }ec pm{z}m{xc pmglmbc kdiòe c }ec npce wcpomhch hm m{xéi}ld{ y kopk}e{xcekoc{ go{odzcxdlûnokc{% Ml kmexpd hml wûioxd z}mhm pmko`op oe) gdpickoûe hml déhd oexmped, hml xpckxd nc{xpdoexm{xoecl, hml kmpm`pd, hm ld{ xm{xék}ld{, mxk% Imhocexm howmp{d{ {o{xmic{ hm kdi}eokckoûe {m zpdh}kme m{xd{ pmglmbd{ zdp ld s}m fcy howmp{d{ imhokcime) xd{ kde mgmkxd{ iòlxozlm{ zcpc kdexpdlcp ml imkceo{id hml wûioxd% M{xd{ kdiz}m{xd{ {m kdedkme kdid gãpickd{ cexomiïxokd{% Cln}ed{ cexomiïxokd{ ckxòce imhocexm ml `lds}md hm ld{ pmkmzxdpm{ hdzcioeïpnokd{ hdzcioeïpnokd{ H01 dxpd{ {de `lds}mcexm{ {mpdxdeoeïpnokd{ {mpdxdeoeïpnokd{ =)XF;% Ld{ `lds}mcexm{ hdzcioeïpnokd{ H 0 iã{ fc`ox}clm{ {de lc{ dpxdzpciohc{, lc{ gmedxocroec{ y lc{ `}) xopdgmedec{% Me pmlckoûe kde ml cexcndeo{id fckoc ld{ pmkmzxdpm{ hm lc hdzcioec, m{xd{ gãpickd{ z}mhme zpm{mexcp ckkodem{ em}pdlûnokc{ kcpckxmporchc{ zdp mgmkxd{ mvxpczopciohclm{ &xmi`ldpm{, mxk%/ y ckkodem{ em}pdmehdkpoec{ kcpckxmporchc{ zdp fozmpzpdlckxoemioc, z}homehd oeh}kop lckxdppmc &{mkpmkoûe ed kdexpdlchc hm lmkfm/, cimedppmc &c}{mekoc hm ime{xp}ckoûe/ m oegmpxolohch me i}kfc{ i}bmpm{% Ld{ `lds}mcexm{ {mpdxdeoeïpnokd{ =)XF ; iã{ gpmk}mexm{ {de lc dehce{mxpdec, lc npceo{m) xpdec y lc xpdzo{mxpdec% [}{ zpoekozclm{ mgmkxd{ chwmp{d{ {de2 kmgclmc, kce{cekod, gcxonc, {mhckoûe, wïpxond, icpmd y m{xpmóoiomexd% Me cln}ed{ kc{d{ z}mhme oeh}kop k}chpd{ gm`polm{% Cln}ed{ zpdh}kxd{ hmpowchd{ hml kceec`o{ &xmxpcfohpdkceec`oedl, ec`oldec/, kde }e imkceo{id hm ckkoûe h}hd{d, {m fce }{chd zcpc mwoxcp ld{ wûioxd{ me xpcxciomexd{ hm s}oiodxmpczoc, zmpd {de imed{ mgokckm{ y kde iã{ mgmkxd{ {mk}ehcpod{ s}m ld{ cexo{mpdxdeoeïpnokd{% Mvo{xme cln}ed{ gãpickd{ kdid lc imxdkldzpciohc &Zpoizmpci¥/, lc klm`dzpohc y lc hdizmpohdec s}m zpm{mexce xcexd zpdzomhchm{ zpdkoeïxokc{ kdid cexomiïxokc{% M{xd{ kdiz}m{xd{ {de zpdkoeïxo) kd{ zdps}m ckxòce kdid cndeo{xc{ hm ld{ pmkmzxdpm{ {mpdxdeoeïpnokd{ =)FX 81 {} ckkoûe cexomiïxokc, zdp dxpc zcpxm, {m hm`m c s}m zpm{mexce ckkoûe `lds}mcexm `lds}mcexm {d`pm ld{ pmkmzxdpm{ hdzcioeïpnokd{ hdzcioeïpnokd{ H 0% Eo lc imxdkldzpciohc kdid lc klm`dzpohc {}mlme zpm{mexcp pmckkodem{ chwmp{c{ npcwm{ &{}mlme {mp mgmkxd{ lmwm{ y xpce{oxdpod{/% Z}mhme zpdwdkcp ce{omhch, hmzpm{oûe, empwod{o{id m oe{dieod% Me cl) n}ec{ i}bmpm{ z}mhme zpdh}kop }ec fozmpzpdlckxoemioc kczcr hm hmpowcp me lckxdppmc y cimedppmc1 me fdi`pm{, z}mhm zpdwdkcp noemkdic{xoc &kpmkoiomexd zcxdlûnokd hml wm{xonod icicpod, kc{o {omi) zpm `olcxmpcl/% Mvo{xme kc{d{ me ld{ s}m z}mhme oeh}kop zpdkm{d{ mvxpczopciohclm{, kdid zcpaoe{d) eo{id me cekoced{ xpc{ xpcxciomexd{ zpdldenchd{ d m{zc{id{ gckoclm{ y xdpxékdlo{ me eoód{% Ld{ mgmkxd{ {mk}ehcpod{ hm lc imxdkldzpciohc {}mlme mwoxcp{m imhocexm lc chioeo{xpckoûe kdeb}exc hm kdpxokdohm{ d `merdhocrmzoec{ &zmpioxme lc ho{ioe}koûe hm lc hd{o{ {}ioeo{xpchc hm imxdkldzpcio) hc/% Lc hdizmpohdec, zdp {} zcpxm, z}mhm zpdh}kop m{zc{id{ oexm{xoeclm{ y, me dkc{odem{, m{xpmóo) iomexd d hocppmc &ckkodem{ kdexpcpoc{/% Cl on}cl s}m ld{ hd{ zpoimpd{, z}mhm zpdh}kop mgmkxd{ mvxpczo) pciohclm{ me cekoced{ y eoód{, m fozmpzpdlckxoemioc me cln}ec{ i}bmpm{% Ld{ gãpickd{ cexokoemxû{okd{ {de kdiz}m{xd{ }xolorchd{ zcpc mwoxcp ld{ zpdkm{d{ hm koemxd{o{ &“icl hm icp’, icpmd/% Ml iã{ fc`ox}cl m{ lc m{kdzdlcioec, s}m zpdh}km ml `lds}md hm ld{ pmkmzxdpm{ kd) loeïpnokd{ m fo{xciéeokd{% [}{ zpoekozclm{ mgmkxd{ {mk}ehcpod{ {de {ms}mhch hm `dkc y {diedlme) koc% Xpc{ }e }{d zpdldenchd z}mhm llmncp c zpdh}kop wo{oûe `dppd{c, oekddphoeckoûe, {mhckoûe, hm{) dpomexckoûe, empwod{o{id, oe{dieod, oeczmxmekoc, hogok}lxch zcpc dpoecp y ckmlmpckoûe hml z}l{d% Me zckomexm{ kde nlc}kdic z}mhme cnpcwcp lc zpm{oûe dk}lcp%
) =8 )
Ld{ gãpickd{ cexowmpxonoed{d{ {de }xolorchd{ zcpc lc zpmwmekoûe hml wïpxond &{me{ckoûe hm gclxc hm ms}olo`pod me ml m{zckod/% Ld{ iã{ fc`ox}clm{ {de ml hoimefohpcxd &@odhpcioec¥/ y lc hdvolcioec% Ci`d{ ckxòce `lds}mcehd ld{ pmkmzxdpm{ fo{xciéeokd{ F 3% [} mgmkxd chwmp{d iã{ gpmk}mexm m{ lc {diedlmekoc1 xci`oïe z}mhme zpdh}kop ckkoûe cexokdloeïpnokc, zpdwdkcehd pmxmekoûe }poecpoc y {m) s}mhch hm `dkc% Ld{ gãpickd{ miïxokd{ ckxòce m{xoi}lcehd ml kmexpd hml wûioxd% Ld{ iã{ fc`ox}clm{ {de lc czdidp) goec y ml bcpc`m hm ozmkck}cec% Ckx}climexm, ml }{d hml bcpc`m hm ozmkck}cec {m hm{xoec zpoekozcl) imexm cl fdncp, iomexpc{ s}m lc czdidpgoec, hchd {} zdlïiokd }{d zdp {mp }e hmpowchd hm lc idpgoec &hpdnc hm c`}{d mvxpcéhc hml dzod/, {m pm{mpwc òeokcimexm c lc{ {clc{ hm mimpnmekoc fd{zoxclcpoc% [}{ zpoekozclm{ mgmkxd{ {mk}ehcpod{ {de2 icpmd{, lmxcpnoc dkc{odecl, hocppmc y, me pcpc{ dkc{odem{, wûioxd oekdexpdlc`lm% Me ld{ kc{d{ iã{ npcwm{ z}mhme zpdh}kop kdlcz{d{ y xpc{xdped{ kcphéckd{% Lc czdidpgoec, chmiã{, z}mhm zpdwdkcp hmzpm{oûe pm{zopcxdpoc y em}pdlûnokc, s}m {}mlm xpcxcp{m im) hocexm lc chioeo{xpckoûe hm ecldvdec, cexcndeo{xc hm ld{ cnmexm{ dzoãkmd{% M{xd{ gãpickd{ e}ekc hm`me {mp chioeo{xpchd{ {d`pm zckomexm{ oekde{komexm{1 òeokcimexm {}mlme }xolorcp{m zcpc oeh}kop ml wûioxd xpc{ }ec zd{o`lm oexdvokckoûe nc{xpdoexm{xoecl% Gãpickd{ cexohocppmokd{% Lc hocppmc ed m{ }ec megmpimhch me {é, {oed }e {éexdic hm }e xpc{xdped k}yc npcwmhch hmzmehm hm lc kc}{c s}m ld dponoem% Lc hocppmc {m kcpckxmporc zdp lc mwck}ckoûe gpmk}mexm hm fmkm{ ck}d{c{, {oe gdpicp, ld s}m zpdwdkc }ec m{kc{c c`{dpkoûe hm cn}c y mlmimexd{ e}xpomexm{% Z}mhm op d ed ckdi) zcóchc hm hdldp, hm`olohch, eã}{mc{, wûioxd{, m{zc{id{ c`hdioeclm{, gom`pm d zïphohc hm czmxoxd% Lc hocppmc z}mhm {mp cn}hc d kpûeokc% kp ûeokc% Lc zpoimpc, hm czcpokoûe pmzmexoec, {}mlm h}pcp }ed d hd{ hé) c{, ld io{id kde xpcxciomexd s}m {oe ïl% Lc {mn}ehc z}mhm zpdldencp{m h}pcexm `c{xcexm xomizd, {}mlm {mp pm{}lxchd hm i}kfd{ gckxdpm{ y c wmkm{ m{ {éexdic hm }e xpc{xdped iã{ oizdpxcexm% Chm) iã{ hm {mp idlm{xc, lc hocppmc hc l}ncp c }ec zïphohc hm cn}c y {clm{ ioempclm{, zpoekozclimexm {d) hod y zdxc{od, oizdpxcexm{ zcpc ml dpnceo{id% Ld zpoekozcl me kc{d hm hocppmc m{ pmzdemp ml hm{ms}o) lo`pod fohpd{cloed, me }e zpdkm{d kdedkohd kdid pmfohpcxckoûe, imhocexm lc chioeo{xpckoûe hm lés}o) hd{ pokd{ me {clm{ ioempclm{ &{}mpd dpcl fozd{ûhokd/% Kdid xpcxciomexd xmpczï}xokd {m z}mhme }xolorcp howmp{d{ oefo`ohdpm{ oefo`ohdpm{ hm lc idxolohch nc{xpdoexm{xoecl% Me m{xm {mexohd, {de oexmpm{cexm{ cln}ed{ dzodohm{ kdid lc kdhméec y lc ldzmpciohc% Me cln}ed{ kc{d{, m{xd{ kdiz}m{xd{ z}mhme zpdwdkcp ec}{mc{, wûioxd{ y m{xpmóoiomexd% C eowml hml [EK, z}m) hme zpdwdkcp hm{dpomexckoûe me eoód{% Dxpd c{zmkxd oexmpm{cexm me ml xpcxciomexd hm lc hocppmc {m `c{c me lc chioeo{xpckoûe hm {}{xcekoc{ c`{dp`mexm{ kdid ml kcp`ûe ckxowd, ml xcecxd hm cl`òioec d cln}ec{ pm{oec{ hm oexmpkci`od oûeokd% Ml kcp`ûe ckxowd z}mhm zpdwdkcp m{xpmóoiomexd1 chmiã{, c hd{o{ mlmwchc{ z}mhm oizmhop lc c`{dpkoûe hm e}xpomexm{ d imhokcimexd{% Ml xcecxd hm cl`òioec, kde ckkoûe c{xpoenmexm, ho{ioe}ym lc{ {mkpmkodem{ oexm{xoeclm{% [} zpoekozcl oekdewmeomexm m{ s}m z}mhm oexmpgmpop me lc c`{dpkoûe hm dxpd{ imhokcimexd{% Lc{ pm{oec{ hm oexmpkci`od oûeokd z}mhme zpdh}kop mgmkxd{ {mk}ehcpod{ c eowml nc{xpdoexm{xoecl, xclm{ kdid glcx}lmekoc, m{xpmóoiomexd, ho{zmz{oc d hdldp c`hdioecl, yc s}m ed {m c`{dp`me me ml x}`d honm{xowd% M{xc{ pmckkodem{ {de `c{xcexm gpm) k}mexm{ y {}mlme hogok}lxcp ml k}izloiomexd hml xpcxciomexd% Chmiã{, m{xd{ kdiz}m{xd{ z}mhme oexmpgmpop lc c`{dpkoûe hm i}kfd{ gãpickd{% Gãpickd{ cexooeglcicxdpod{ oexm{xoeclm{% Lc megmpimhch hm Kpdfe &megmpimhch oeglcicxdpoc hml oexm{xoed d mexmpoxo{ pmnodecl/ m{ }ec zcxdldnéc oeglcicxdpoc kpûeokc s}m cgmkxc c k}cls}omp zcpxm hml xpckxd nc{xpdoexm{xoecl, iã{ kdiòeimexm cl élmd% C}es}m {} kc}{c m{ hm{kdedkohc, ld{ gckxdpm{ nmeïxokd{ b}mnce }e zczml oizdpxcexm% Lc megmpim) hch {}mlm op ckdizcóchc hm kdloxo{ }lkmpd{c kpûeokc% Lc oeglcickoûe {}mlm zpm{mexcp{m zpm{mexcp{m me ml mvxpmid hml oexm{xoed hmlnchd, zmpd z}mhm cgmkxcp k}cls}omp ãpmc hml xpckxd honm{xowd% Lc zcpmh oexm{xoecl {m menpd{c y {m z}mhme gdpicp òlkmpc{ zpdg}ehc{% Lc megmpimhch z}mhm zpm{mexcp{m c k}cls}omp mhch, zmpd ld{ np}zd{ hm mhchm{ zpmwclmexm{ {de lc chdlm{kmekoc y ld{ zpoimpd{ cód{ hm lc mhch ch}lxc% Ld{ gckxdpm{ hm pom{nd {de cexmkmhmexm{ gciolocpm{ hm lc megmpimhch hm Kpdfe d cekm{xpd{ b}héd{% Ld{ gãpickd{ iã{ fc`ox}clm{ zcpc m{xd{ kc{d{ {}mlme {mp idhogokchdpm{ hml xpce{zdpxm mlmkxpdléxokd kdid cln}ed{ hmpowchd{ hml ãkohd =)cioed{clokélokd% [}{ zpoekozclm{ mgmkxd{ chwmp{d{ k}p{ce kde kmgclmc{, ec}{mc{ y cedpmvoc% M{xc{ pmckkodem{ {de hd{o{ hmzmehomexm{, zdp ld s}m z}mhme mwoxcp{m pm`cbcehd lc imhokckoûe% Me cln}ed{ kc{d{, z}mhme zpdh}kop zpd`lmic{ npcwm{ pmlckodechd{ kde cnpce}ldkoxd{o{, cnpce}ldkoxd{o{, oegmpxolohch m oizdxmekoc me ml fdi`pm% Gãpickd{ }xolorchd{ zcpc ml m{xpmóoiomexd &lcvcexm{/% Ml m{xpmóoiomexd m{ lc mwck}ckoûe oegpmk}mexm d hogékol hm lc{ fmkm{% [ûld {m kde{ohmpc zcxdlûnokd k}cehd {m zpdh}kme imed{ hm xpm{ mwck}ckodem{ {miceclm{% Ml m{xpmóoiomexd czcpmkm kdid }ec ckkoûe zmpmrd{c hml oexm{xoed%
) == )
Ld{ gãpickd{ }xolorchd{ zcpc ml xpcxciomexd hml m{xpmóoiomexd s}mhce menld`chd{ `cbd ml edi`pm hm lcvcexm{% @ã{okcimexm, z}mhme ckx}cp kdid oekpmimexchdpm{ hml `dld oexm{xoecl &imxolkml}ld{c, cncp, {miollc{ hm Zlcexcnd dwcxc/, kdid midlomexm{ &hdk}{cxd {ûhokd/, kdid l}`pokcexm{ &ckmoxm hm wc{mloec, ckmoxm hm dlowc/, kdid cnmexm{ d{iûxokd{ &lckx}ld{c, lckxoxodl, {}zd{oxdpod{ hm nlokmpoec/, kdid m{xoi}lcexm{ hm lc{ idxolohch nc{xpdoexm{xoecl &kã{kcpc {cnpchc, `o{ckdhold, ckmoxm hm pokoed/ d kdid cnmexm{ {cloed{ &{}lgcxd icneï{okd/% icneï{okd/% Oekpmimexchdpm{ hml `dld oexm{xoecl% Ckxòce c}imexcehd ml xcicód hml `dld cloimexokod, zdp ld s}m {m gcwdpmkm ml zmpo{xclxo{id nc{xpdoexm{xoecl% Ld{ iã{ fc`ox}clm{ {de lc imxolkml}ld{c, ml cncp y lc{ {miollc{ hm Zlcexcnd dwcxc% [}{ zpoekozclm{ mgmkxd{ chwmp{d{ {de ho{xme{oûe c`hdioecl c`hdioecl y glcx}lmekoc% M{xd{ oekde) wmeomexm{ {}mlme mwoxcp{m imhocexm }ec {}gokomexm oenm{xoûe hm cn}c% Midlomexm{% Ckxòce kdid xme{odckxowd{ ceoûeokd{, mi}l{odecehd lc{ fmkm{% Ml iã{ fc`ox}cl m{ ml hdk}) {cxd {ûhokd% Ed {}mlm zpm{mexcp mgmkxd{ chwmp{d{1 {oe mi`cpnd, cl {mp chioeo{xpchd hm gdp) ic kdeb}exc kde gãpickd{ l}`pokcexm{ z}mhm zpdwdkcp {} c`{dpkoûe c eowml oexm{xoecl% L}`pokcexm{% Ckxòce pm`lcehmkomehd pm`lcehmkomehd lc{ fmkm{ y gcwdpmkomehd {} idwoiomexd c xpcwï{ hml xpckxd nc{xpdoe) xm{xoecl% Ld{ iã{ fc`ox}clm{ {de ml ckmoxm hm wc{mloec y ml ckmoxm hm dlowc% Me cln}ed{ kc{d{ z}mhme c`{dp`mp{m c eowml oexm{xoecl, z}hoïehd{m ck}i}lcp zd{xmpodpimexm me ml fénchd d me ml `crd% Z}mhme ho{ioe}op lc c`{dpkoûe hm woxcioec{ lozd{dl}`lm{ &C, H, M y A/% Ed {}mlme zpdwdkcp mgmkxd{ chwmp{d{ &ml ckmoxm hm dlowc, hm fmkfd, m{ }e mlmimexd hm }{d kdiòe y hocpod/% [oe mi`cpnd, c mlmwchc{ y pmzmxohc{ hd{o{, chmiã{ hm zpdh}kop }ec kompxc hmzme) hmekoc, z}mhme zpdwdkcp zpdwdkcp zp}poxd cecl y fmidppdohm{ xpc{ {} mloioeckoûe zdp wéc gmkcl% D{iûxokd{% Ckxòce c}imexcehd ml wdl}ime hm lc{ fmkm{% Ld{ iã{ fc`ox}clm{ {de lc lckx}ld{c, ml lckxoxodl y ld{ {}zd{oxdpod{ hm nlokmpoec% Ld{ hd{ zpoimpd{ z}mhme zpdwdkcp glcx}lmekoc, hdldp kûlokd, ec}{mc{ y wûioxd{% C hd{o{ mlmwchc{ z}mhme zpdh}kop hocppmc% Ld{ {}zd{oxdpod{ hm nlokmpoec z}mhme zpdwdkcp oppoxckoûe pmkxcl xpc{ }e }{d kdexoe}chd% M{xoi}lcexm{ hm lc idxolohch nc{xpdoexm{xoecl% Ckxòce c}imexcehd ml zmpo{xclxo{id nc{xpdoexm{xoecl% Ld{ iã{ fc`ox}clm{ {de lc kã{kcpc {c) npchc, ml {me, ml `o{ckdhold, ml zokd{}lgcxd {ûhokd y ml ckmoxm hm pokoed% Z}mhme zpdh}kop }e g}mpxm hdldp kûlokd hm pm`dxm, chmiã{ hm hocppmc y hm{fohpcxckoûe &kdid kde{mk}mekoc hm }ec ho{ioe}koûe d zïphohc hm mlmkxpdloxd{/% Me cln}ed{ kc{d{ z}mhme zpdwdkcp m{xpmóoiomexd kpûeokd &iã{ hm 7 {micec{/, yc s}m }ec g}mpxm m{xoi}lckoûe hml zmpo{xclxo{id {}mlm kdeh}) kop c }ec zd{xmpodp cxdeéc nc{xpdoexm{xoecl, zdp ld s}m {m pms}ompme iã{ m{xoi}lcexm{ zcpc zdhmp mwck}cp &kdid lc zm{kchollc s}m {m i}mphm lc kdlc/% Cnmexm{ {cloed{% Cl on}cl s}m ld{ gãpickd{ d{iûxokd{, ckxòce {d`pm ml ms}olo`pod d{iûxokd, gcwdpmkomehd lc {c) lohc hm cn}c cl oexm{xoed y zpdwdkcehd }ec mwck}ckoûe xdxcl hml icxmpocl gmkcl% Ml iã{ fc`o) x}cl m{ ml {}lgcxd icneï{okd, }ed hm ld{ lcvcexm{ iã{ pmkdimehchd{ zdp ld{ iïhokd{% Zm{m c s}m ed {}mlm zpm{mexcp mgmkxd{ chwmp{d{, {} }{d ed m{ pmkdimehchd me i}bmpm{ mi`cpc) rchc{% ]e c`}{d hm lcvcexm{, {d`pm xdhd hm cs}mlld{ s}m ckxòce m{xoi}lcehd ml zmpo{xclxo{id nc{xpdoexm{) xoecl, z}mhm zpdwdkcp }e g}mpxm k}chpd hm hocppmc{ y wûioxd{, chmiã{ hm zïphohc hm mlmkxpdloxd{ y kclkod &zpd`lmic{ hm ioempclorckoûe û{mc/, hm{fohpcxckoûe, iclc`{dpkoûe oexm{xoecl &ho{ioe}koûe hm e}xpomexm{/ y, kdid kde{mk}mekoc, m{xmcxdppmc &zpm{mekoc hm npc{c{ me ml icxmpocl gmkcl/% Me ml kc{d hm }xolorcp lcvcexm{ c idhd hm homxc zcpc chmlncrcp hm gdpic kdexoe}c {m z}mhme zpdwdkcp hcód{ c eowml hml kdlde y hocppmc kpûeokc, chmiã{ hm kce{cekod, kdeg}{oûe m oekl}{d kdew}l{odem{% Gãpickd{ cexo{mkpmxdpm{ y cexoãkohd{% Ld{ gãpickd{ cexo{mkpmxdpm{ menld`ce cs}mlld{ kdiz}m{xd{ }xolorchd{ zcpc oefo`op lc {mkpmkoûe nã{) xpokc ãkohc1 ld{ gãpickd{ cexoãkohd{, zdp dxpc zcpxm, {de cs}mlld{ s}m lc em}xpclorce zdp pmckkoûe s}éiokc kde ml FKl nã{xpokd% Ld{ cexo{mkpmxdpm{ iã{ fc`ox}clm{ fc`ox}clm{ {de, g}ehcimexclimexm2 Cexofo{xciéeokd{ F0% [de kdiz}m{xd{ s}m `lds}mce ld{ pmkmzxdpm{ F 0 hm lc fo{xcioec c eowml hm lc i}kd{c nã{) xpokc, oefo`omehd lc zpdh}kkoûe hm {mkpmkodem{ ãkohc{% Hm{xckce lc koimxohoec y lc pceoxohoec, gãpickd{ fc`ox}clm{ me xpcxciomexd{ hm òlkmpc nã{xpokc y h}dhmecl% Ci`d{ {de gãpickd{ `ome xdlmpchd{ zdp ml dpnceo{id c}es}m, me cln}ed{ kc{d{, z}mhme zpdh}kop pmckkodem{ ch) wmp{c{ xclm{ kdid kmgclmc, kdeg}{oûe y hmzpm{oûe empwod{c, hchd s}m {de kczckm{ hm cxpc) wm{cp zmpgmkxcimexm lc `cppmpc fmicxdmekmgãlokc% fmicxdmekmgãlokc%
) =7 )
Lc koimxohoec chmiã{, zcpxok}lcpimexm me wcpdem{ cekoced{, z}mhm dponoecp noemkdic{xoc &kpmkoiomexd zcxdlûnokd hml wm{xonod icicpod/% Xci`oïe m{ }e hmzpm{dp hml koxdkpdid Z8=:, zdp ld s}m z}mhm c}imexcp ld{ eowmlm{ zlc{iãxokd{ hm i}kfd{ kdiz}m{xd{ chioeo{xpchd{ kdeb}excimexm kdeb}excimexm y s}m {m imxc`dlokme imxc`dlokme zdp hokfc wéc &gmeoxdéec, xmdgoloec, mxk%/% C idhd nmempcl, ld{ cexofo{xciéeokd{ F0 z}mhme zpdh}kop xdlmpcekoc me xpcxciomexd{ zpdlde) nchd{ m fozmp{mkpmkoûe nã{xpokc ãkohc hm pm`dxm me kc{d hm {}{zme{oûe `p}{kc, {d`pm xdhd me cs}mlld{ zckomexm{ s}m fce {mn}ohd ml xpcxciomexd h}pcexm cl imed{ 8 {micec{% ! ! Oefo`ohdpm{ hm lc meroic CXZc{c)F $A % [de kdiz}m{xd{ s}m ckxòce hopmkxcimexm {d`pm lc `di`c hm zpdxdem{ c eowml nã{xpokd, ho{ioe}ymehd lc zpdh}kkoûe xdxcl hm FKl% Ml iã{ fc`ox}cl m{ ml dimzpcrdl% [}{ zpoekozclm{ pmckkodem{ chwmp{c{ {de hdldp c`hdioecl, hocppmc y bcs}mkc, c}es}m edpiclimexm czcpmkm i}y `ome xdlmpchd zdp ml dpnceo{id% Me lc ckx}clohch {m hm{kdedkme zd{o`lm{ mgmkxd{ hm pm`dxm y hm xdlmpcekoc, zdp ld s}m ml dimzpcrdl {m kdewompxm me }ed hm ld{ gãpickd{ hm mlmkkoûe zcpc ml xpcxciomexd hm i}kfc{ òlkmpc{ nã{xpokc{ y h}dhmeclm{% h}dhmeclm{% Zdp dxpc zcpxm, ld{ cexoãkohd{ iã{ gpmk}mexm{ {}mlme {mp2 [clm{ hm cl}ioeod, icnem{od y kclkod% [de kdiz}m{xd{ ed {o{xïiokd{ s}m, cl pmckkodecp kde ml FKl nã{xpokd, gdpice }ec {cl ed c`{dp`o`lm me ml dpnceo{id% Llmwce c kc`d }ec ckkoûe lmexc y zpdldenchc, zdp ld nmempcl {oe mgmkxd hm pm`dxm% Lc{ {clm{ hm cl}ioeod y kclkod zpdh}kme m{xpmóoiomexd &{de c{xpoenmexm{/, y lc{ {clm{ hm icnem{od {de lcvcexm{% Kdid lc icydpéc hm ld{ zpmzcpchd{ {de imrklc{ hm {clm{ hm cl}ioeod y icnem{od {} mgmkxd {d`pm lc idxolohch m{ oizpmwo{o`lm% @okcp`decxd {ûhokd% M{ }e kdiz}m{xd {o{xïiokd s}m, cl pmckkodecp kde ml FKl, zpdh}km {} c`{dpkoûe c eowml nã{) xpokd, xmeomehd mgmkxd{ {d`pm xdhd ml dpnceo{id% Llmwc c kc`d }ec ckkoûe zdxmexm y pãzohc, z}homehd zpdh}kop mgmkxd hm pm`dxm1 me xpcxciomexd{ zpdldenchd{, z}mhm oeh}kop }ec clkcld) {o{ {o{xïiokc nld`cl% Gãpickd{ zpdxmkxdpm{ hm lc i}kd{c nc{xpdoexm{xoecl% [de kdiz}m{xd{ s}m mwoxce }e zd{o`lm hcód c eowml hm lc{ i}kd{c{ nc{xpdoexm{xoeclm{, {omehd ld{ iã{ fc`ox}clm{2 [clm{ hm `o{i}xd% Lc{ {clm{ hm `o{i}xd iã{ kdi}em{ {de ml {}`koxpcxd hm `o{i}xd &K@[/ y ml {}`{clokolcxd hm `o{i}xd &@[[/% Pmkomexmimexm {m fc kdimpkoclorchd }e zpdh}kxd kde kczckohch cexo{mkpm) xdpc, chmiã{ hm zpdxmkxdpc hm lc i}kd{c, hmedioechd koxpcxd hm pceoxohoec)`o{i}xd &P@K/ }xolorchd g}ehcimexclimexm me zc}xc{ mppchokchdpc{ hm Fmlokd`ckxmp zyldpo , `ckxmpoc oizlo) kchc me ml hm{cppdlld hm i}kfc{ òlkmpc{ hm m{xûicnd% Ld{ kdiz}m{xd{ hm `o{i}xd ckxòce g}ehcimexclimexm m{xoi}lcehd lc zpdh}kkoûe hm zpd{xcnlcehoec{ &ZN/% Chmiã{, ckxòce oe) fo`omehd lc ckkoûe hm lc zmz{oec% Me cln}ed{ kc{d{ z}mhme d{k}pmkmp d{k}pmkmp lc{ fmkm{ y, me eoód{, z}mhme hcp l}ncp c mgmkxd{ xûvokd{ {d`pm ml {o{xmic empwod{d kmexpcl% [}kpclgcxd% Ml {}kpclgcxd m{ }e kdiz}m{xd gdpichd zdp lc }eoûe hm }e hmxmpioechd zdlo{ckãpohd kde fohpûvohd hm cl}ioeod% Ckxòc zmpioxomehd lc kokcxporckoûe }lkmpd{c {oe cgmkxcp c lc {mkpmkoûe ãkohc, yc s}m pmk}`pm ml eokfd }lkmpd{d mwoxcehd lc ckkoûe hm lc{ {}{xcekoc{ xûvokc{ c hokfd eowml% Chmiã{ zpmwomem lc lm{oûe hm lc i}kd{c zdp cnmexm{ s}éiokd{% Me cln}ed{ kc{d{, z}mhm zpdh}kop m{xpmóoiomexd% Io{dzpd{xdl% Ml io{dzpd{xdl m{ }e ceãldnd hm lc zpd{xcnlcehoec M3, s}m zpmwomem lc gdpickoûe hm òlkmpc{ xcexd nã{xpokc{ kdid h}dhmeclm{% [} zpoekozcl oekdewmeomexm oekdewmeomexm m{ s}m c hd{o{ mgmkxowc{ hc l}) ncp c hocppmc{ y hdldpm{ kûlokd{ c`hdioeclm{, ld s}m hogok}lxc lc xdlmpcekoc zdp zcpxm hml zc) komexm% Me i}bmpm{ mi`cpcrchc{, c}imexc lc{ kdexpckkodem{ }xmpoec{, zdp ld s}m {} chio) eo{xpckoûe z}mhm zpm{mexcp }e {mpod pom{nd hm c`dpxd% Ckmvcicxd hm roek% Ml ckmvcicxd hm roek m{ }e gãpickd hmpowchd hml roek s}m ckxòc zpdidwomehd lc gdpickoûe hm idkd m oefo`omehd lc lo`mpckoûe hm fo{xcioec zdp ld{ ic{xdkoxd{% Cl oefo`op lc lo`mpckoûe hm fo{xcioec, ml ckmvcicxd hm roek zmpioxm s}m {m pmh}rkc lc zpdh}kkoûe hm ãkohd me ml m{xûicnd% Xci`oïe {m zome{c s}m z}mhm xmemp }e mgmkxd oefo`oxdpod {d`pm Fmlokd`ckxmp zyldpo % Ld{ mgmkxd{ chwmp{d{ chwmpxohd{ {de, me nmempcl, lmwm{ y xpce{oxdpod{% Dkc{odeclimexm Dkc{odeclimexm z}mhm zpdh}kop eã}{mc{ y idlm{xoc{ nã{xpokc{ k}cehd {m chioeo{xpc kde ml m{xûicnd wckéd%
) => )
Kcp`medvdldec% Lc kcp`medvdldec m{ }e gãpickd hmpowchd hm lc pcér hml pmnclor, s}m cexon}cimexm {m mi) zlmc`c me ml xpcxciomexd hm lc òlkmpc zïzxokc% [} chioeo{xpckoûe oeh}km }e {éehpdim s}m pmimhc ml mvkm{d hm ioempclkdpxokdohm{, kcpckxmporchd zdp fozmpxme{oûe cpxmpocl, mhmic m fozdzdxc{mioc, kde eowmlm{ {}zpoiohd{ hm pmeoec y clhd{xmpdec% Gãpickd{ idhogokchdpm{ hm lc g}ekoûe `olocp% [de kdiz}m{xd{ kczckm{ hm ckx}cp {d`pm lc {mkpmkoûe `olocp y {d`pm lc {dl}`olohch hml kdlm{xmpdl% Ld{ xpc{xdped{ pmlckodechd{ kde lc g}ekoûe `olocp iã{ fc`ox}clm{ {de lc kdlmloxoc{o{ y lc kdlmhdkdloxoc) {o{, s}m oizlokce lc gdpickoûe hm kãlk}ld{ &xpchokodeclimexm &xpchokodeclimexm kdedkohd{ kdid zomhpc{/, me lc wm{ék}lc &kc{d hm lc kdlmloxoc{o{/ y me ld{ kdeh}kxd{ `olocpm{ &kc{d hm lc kdlmhdkdloxoc{o{/% kdlmhdkdloxoc{o{/% M{xd{ kãlk}ld{ m{xãe gdpichd{ `ã{okcimexm zdp kdizdemexm{ hm lc `olo{ kdid ml kdlm{xmpdl y lc{ {clm{ `olocpm{% Ci`c{ megmpimhchm{ {de i}y kdi}em{1 {m kclk}lc s}m czpdvoichcimexm }e 0:- hm lc{ zmp{dec{ icyd) pm{ hm 7= cód{ xomeme kãlk}ld{ `olocpm{, c}es}m ed xdhd{ zpm{mexce lc {oexdicxdldnéc c{dkochc% C idhd nmempcl, mvo{xme hd{ xozd{ g}ehcimexclm{ hm idhogokchdpm{ hm lc g}ekoûe `olocp2 Gãpickd{ kdlmpïxokd{% [de kdiz}m{xd{ kczckm{ hm c}imexcp lc zpdh}kkoûe `olocp c eowml fmzãxokd, {omehd ld{ iã{ fc`ox}clm{ ld{ ãkohd{ s}medhm{dvokûlokd y }p{dhm{dvokûlokd% Lc `olo{ m{ }ec {}{xcekoc me) kcpnchc hm lc honm{xoûe hm lc{ npc{c{ me ml oexm{xoed% M{xã gdpichc zdp {clm{ `olocpm{, `olopp}) `oec, kdlm{xmpdl, gd{gdlézohd{, mlmkxpdloxd{ y cn}c% [m clickmec me lc wm{ék}lc `olocp fc{xc s}m m{ {mkpmxchc cl oexm{xoed% Ml ãkohd s}medhm{dvokûlokd m{ }e ãkohd `olocp ecx}pcl s}m ckxòc pmh}komehd lc {mkpmkoûe hm kdlm{xmpdl s}m {m gdpic me lc{ kïl}lc{ hml fénchd y ho{ioe}ymehd {} {cx}pc`olohch, kde ld s}m gckoloxc lc ho{dl}koûe hm ld{ kãlk}ld{ `olocpm{% Ld{ mgmkxd{ chwmp{d{ {de, me nmempcl, lmwm{ y xpce{oxdpod{% Ld{ iã{ gpmk}mexm{ {de2 hocppmc, hdldp y kclci`pm{ c`hdioeclm{, eã}{mc{ y wûioxd{% Me pcpc{ dkc{odem{ z}mhm zpdh}kop fozmpckohmr fozmpckohmr nã{xpokc, hocppmc, zïphohc hm czmxoxd y lm}kdzmeoc% Ml ãkohd }p{dhm{dvokûlokd m{ }e imhokcimexd s}m ckxòc pmh}komehd lc {mkpmkoûe hml kdlm{) xmpdl s}m {m gdpic me lc{ kïl}lc{ hml fénchd1 `ã{okcimexm, `ã{okcimexm, ho{ioe}ym lc kcexohch hm kdlm{xm) pdl s}m z}mhm fc`mp me lc `olo{ y gckoloxc lc ho{dl}koûe hm ld{ kãlk}ld{ `olocpm{% Ld{ mgmkxd{ ch) wmp{d{ hml ãkohd }p{dhm{dvokûlokd {de, me nmempcl, i}y zdkd gpmk}mexm{, lmwm{ y xpce{oxd) pod{% Me pcpc{ dkc{odem{ z}mhm zpdh}kop hocppmc, hdldp y kclci`pm{ c`hdioeclm{, clxmpckod) em{ hml n}{xd, hocppmc, xd{, clxmpckodem{ hml {}mód, ce{omhch, hdldp hm kc`mrc, zokdp, eã}) {mc{ y wûioxd{% Gãpickd{ kdlcndnd{% [de kdiz}m{xd{ s}m gckoloxce lc mvz}l{oûe hm `olo{ pmxmeohc me lc wm{ék}lc `olocp, y kc{o {omi) zpm llmwce me {} gûpi}lc }e z}pncexm oexm{xoecl zcpc gckoloxcp m{xc mvz}l{oûe% Ml kdiz}m{xd iã{ fc`ox}cl m{ ml {}lgcxd hm icnem{od, s}m ed {}mlm zpm{mexcp mgmkxd{ chwmp{d{%
Gãpickd{ ckxowd{ me zpdkm{d{ imxc`ûlokd{% Gãpickd{ fozdlozdzpdxmoemiocexm{% Lc{ lozdzpdxméec{ {de zcpxék}lc{ m{gïpokc{ gdpichc{ zdp zpdxméec{ y lézohd{, k}yc g}ekoûe m{ xpce{) zdpxcp ml kdlm{xmpdl y ld{ xponlokïpohd{ hm lc {cenpm c xpcwï{ hml dpnceo{id% [m ho{xoen}me }ec{ hm dxpc{ hm ck}mphd c {} hme{ohch, lc k}cl wcpéc {mnòe lc zpdzdpkoûe hm {}{ kdizdemexm{% M{xc{ lozd) zpdxméec{ ed {de m{xãxokc{, {oed s}m wce xpce{gdpiãehd{m }ec{ me dxpc{ {mnòe {o wce zmphomehd d chs}opomehd cln}ed hm m{xd{ kdizdemexm{% Lc lozdzpdxméec hm imedp hme{ohch m{ llcichc s}oldio) kpûe% Kdexomem }e 6:- hm xponlokïpohd{% [m gdpic me ml oexm{xoed, c zcpxop hm ld{ xponlokïpohd{ y kdlm{xm) pdl hm lc homxc% Lc{ WLHL d lozdzpdxméec{ hm i}y `cbc hme{ohch, s}m {m gdpice me ml fénchd, kdexom) eme }e =0- hm xponlokïpohd xp onlokïpohd y }e 00- hm kdlm{xmpdl lo`pm y m{xmpogokchd% Lc{ lozdzpdxméec{ hm `cbc hme) {ohch d LHL kdexomeme }e 8>- hm kdlm{xmpdl% [m gdpice c zcpxop hm lc{ WLHL s}m lo`mpce xponlokïpohd{ y zomphme zpdxméec{% [de ml zpoekozcl xpce{zdpxchdp hm kdlm{xmpdl fckoc ld{ xmbohd{% Lc{ LHL {m z}m) hme dvohcp xpce{gdpiãehd{m me cnmexm{ hcóoed{% Lc{ lozdzpdxméec{ hm clxc hme{ohch d FHL kdexom) eme zpdzdpkodeclimexm iã{ zpdxméec, }e =:-, y }e 3?- hm kdlm{xmpdl icydpoxcpocimexm m{xmpogokc) hd% [m gdpice me ml fénchd y me ml oexm{xoed kdid zcpxék}lc{ zms}móc{, pokc{ me zpdxméec{, s}m kde) xomeme pmlcxowcimexm zdkd kdlm{xmpdl% L}mnd hm lo`mpcp{m cl xdppmexm {cen}éemd, lc{ FHL eckomexm{ pmkdlmkxce kdlm{xmpdl lo`pm, gd{gdlézohd{ y czdzpdxméec{ hm dxpc{ lozdzpdxméec{ kdid s}oldiokpdem{ y WLHL% Ml kdlm{xmpdl idwolorchd zdp lc{ FHL hm{hm ld{ xmbohd{ zmpogïpokd{ fckoc ml fénchd kde{xox}ym ml gmeûimed hmedioechd xpce{zdpxm pmwmp{d hm kdlm{xmpdl% Ml mgmkxd `meïgokd hm eowmlm{ mlmwchd{ hm FHL)kdlm{xmpdl hmpowc hm lc kczckohch hm lc{ FHL hm pmidwmp ml mvkm{d hm kdlm{xmpdl hm ld{ xmbohd{ zmpogïpokd{ y hmwdlwmpld cl fénchd zcpc {} mloioeckoûe%
) =6 )
Ld{ gãpickd{ fozdlozdzpdxmoemiocexm{ iã{ fc`ox}clm{ {de2 Pm{oec{ hm oexmpkci`od oûeokd% @ã{okcimexm, lc{ pm{oec{ hm oexmpkci`od oûeokd {de {}{xcekoc{ {ûlohc{ ed {dl}`lm{ s}m oe) xmpkci`oce cs}mlld{ odem{ zpm{mexm{ me {} {}zmpgokom kde dxpd{ hm on}clm{ kcpckxmpé{xokc{, zpm{mexm{ me }ec ho{dl}koûe oûeokc, zdp ld s}m {de i}y òxolm{ zcpc lc mloioeckoûe hm {clm{ `olocpm{% M{xd{ kdiz}m{xd{ {m }eme c lc `olo{ zcpc s}m ed z}mhc {mp }xolorchc h}pcexm ml zpd) km{d honm{xowd1 hm m{xm idhd, ml fénchd pm{zdehm zpdh}komehd iã{ `olo{ y, zdp ld xcexd, gc) wdpmkomehd lc mloioeckoûe hml kdlm{xmpdl% K}cehd {m pmxcphc lc zpdh}kkoûe hm kdlm{xmpdl, ml fénchd kdiomerc c zpdh}kop iã{ pmkmzxdpm{ hm LHL)kdlm{xmpdl% M{xd{ pmkmzxdpm{ kczxce lc{ zcpxék}lc{ hm LHL)kdlm{xmpdl me lc {cenpm, pmh}komehd c{é lc kcexohch hm kdlm{xmpdl me lc kd) ppomexm {cen}éemc% Ld{ eowmlm{ pmh}kohd{ hm LHL)kdlm{xmpdl z}mhme hcp l}ncp c eowmlm{ iã{ `cbd{ hm xponlokïpohd{ y eowmlm{ iã{ mlmwchd{ hm FHL)kdlm{xmpdl &ml “kdlm{xmpdl `}med’/% Nm) empclimexm zpm{mexce }e {c`dp hm{cnpchc`lm, zdp ld s}m ml k}izloiomexd hml xpcxciomexd {}mlm zpm{mexcp{m hogok}lxd{d% Me cln}ed{ kc{d{, z}mhme zpdh}kop glcx}lmekoc y ec}{mc{% M{xcxoec{% Lc{ m{xcxoec{ {de oefo`ohdpm{ hm lc meroic ;)fohpdvo);)imxolnl}xcpol)kdmeroic C pmh}kxc{c &FIN)KdC pmh}kxc{c/, oizlokchc me lc zpdh}kkoûe hm kdlm{xmpdl zdp zcpxm hml dpnceo{id% C hd{o{ edpiclm{, lc{ m{xcxoec{ ed {}mlme zpm{mexcp mgmkxd{ chwmp{d{% [oe mi`cpnd, c hd{o{ mlmwchc{ z}mhme zpdh}kop glcx}lmekoc y ho{zmz{oc% Chmiã{ hm lc{ idlm{xoc{ nc{xpdoexm{xoec) lm{, z}mhme zpdh}kop c}imexd{ dkc{odeclm{ hm kpmcxoegd{gds}oec{c &KZA/, iodzcxéc{, pc`) hdioûlo{o{ y hmpicxdiod{oxo{% C eowml fmzãxokd, z}mhme hmxmpioecp }e oekpmimexd hm lc{ xpce{cioec{c{ xpce{cioec{c{ zdp mekoic hm {} eowml edpicl% Lc xdlmpcekoc c lc{ m{xcxoec{ m{ clxc% Xci`oïe z}mhme zpdh}kop gdxd{me{o`olohch y ho{xoexd{ xpc{xdped{ wo{}clm{ &zpdnpm{oûe hm kcxcpcxc{, wo) {oûe `dppd{c, mxk%/% Go`pcxd{% Ld{ hmpowchd{ hml ãkohd gé`pokd d go`pcxd{, kdid ml kldgo`pcxd, {m }xolorce zcpc pmh}kop ld{ eowm) lm{ hm xponlokïpohd{% Ld{ go`pcxd{ hm{kdizdeme lc{ zcpxék}lc{ hm xponlokïpohd{ y lc{ }xolorce me ml dpnceo{id zdp ho{xoexc{ wéc{ imxc`ûlokc{% Ld{ eowmlm{ pmh}kohd{ hm xponlokïpohd{ z}mhme hcp l}ncp c eowmlm{ iã{ mlmwchd{ hm FHL)kdlm{xmpdl% C idhd nmempcl, ld{ go`pcxd{ {de gãp) ickd{ i}y `ome xdlmpchd{ zdp ml dpnceo{id% [}{ zpoekozclm{ mgmkxd{ chwmp{d{, zdkd fc`o) x}clm{, {de glcx}lmekoc, lm}kdzmeoc, oekpmimexd hm lc{ xpce{cioec{c{ xpce{cioec{c{ fmzãxokc{, fmicx}poc y pmxmekoûe }poecpoc, kmgclmc, gdxd{me{o`olohch y cldzmkoc, g}ehcimexclimexm% g}ehcimexclimexm% Lc{ pm{oec{ {}m) lme pmh}kop lc c`{dpkoûe hm lc{ m{xcxoec{, zdp ld s}m {m pmkdiomehc hmbcp xpce{k}ppop }e ié) eoid hm 8 fdpc{ mexpm lc chioeo{xpckoûe hm ci`c{% Eockoec% Lc eockoec m{ }e hmpowchd hml ãkohd eokdxéeokd d woxcioec @ ;, s}m zcpmkm pmxcphcp lc zpdh}k) koûe me ml fénchd hm kompxc{ {}{xcekoc{ s}éiokc{ s}m cy}hce c nmempcp ml LHL)kdlm{xmpdl &ml “kdlm{xmpdl icld’/% Ml ãkohd eokdxéeokd xci`oïe fc hmid{xpchd pmh}kop ld{ eowmlm{ hm xp onlokïpo) hd{ y c}imexcp ld{ eowmlm{ hm FHL)kdlm{xmpdl &ml “kdlm{xmpdl `}med’/% M{xm gãpickd, ckx}cl) imexm, ed {m kdimpkoclorc me M{zcóc% [} zpoekozcl oekdewmeomexm m{ lc mvonmekoc hm clxc{ hd{o{ y lc iclc xdlmpcekoc% ]e mgmkxd {mk}ehcpod gpmk}mexm m{ lc wc{dholcxckoûe wc{dholcxckoûe k}xãemc, kde }ec {me{ckoûe hm "dlmchc hm kcldp’ s}m zcpmkm hm`ohc c lc lo`mpckoûe hm zpd{xcnlcehoec{, zdp ld s}m {m zpmwomem kde ãkohd ckmxol{clokélokd c hd{o{ `cbc{% Chmiã{, z}mhm zpdwdkcp zp}) poxd, mp}zkodem{ k}xãemc{, {ms}mhch hm `dkc y ho{zmz{oc% Xdhd{ m{xd{ mgmkxd{ {de lmwm{ y {m z}mhme mwoxcp gpmk}mexmimexm cb}{xcehd i}y lmexcimexm lc hd{o{% Zpd`}kdl% Ml zpd`}kdl m{ }e `ogmedl cr}gpchd s}m pmh}km {mlmkxowcimexm ld{ eowmlm{ hm kdlm{xmpdl {oe cgmkxcp c ld{ xponlokïpohd{% Pmh}km xcexd lc{ LHL kdid lc{ FHL, oekl}{d c ï{xc{ me icydp zpdzdpkoûe, ld s}m pms}ompm wonolcekoc zdp k}cexd hm{zlcrc }e gckxdp hm zpdxmkkoûe% [} im) kceo{id hm ckkoûe còe ed m{xã zlmecimexm cklcpchd% Kdid pmckkodem{ chwmp{c{ zpdh}km kcphodxdvokohch &{} pmckkoûe chwmp{c iã{ oizdpxcexm/% @ã{okcimexm, zpdwdkc ml hmedioec) hd {éehpdim hm SX lcpnd, zdp ld s}m fc hm mwoxcp{m me zckomexm{ s}m zpm{mexme m{xc clxmpc) koûe me ml mlmkxpdkcphodnpcic, c{é kdid me cs}mlld{ s}m pmko`ce gãpickd{ s}m z}mhce zpd) wdkcpld, kdid ciodhcpdec, {dxcldl y xmpgmechoec% Ed d`{xcexm, lc{ pmckkodem{ chwmp{c{ iã{ gpmk}mexm{ {de idlm{xoc{ nc{xpdoexm{xoeclm{ s}m zpm{mexce }e 3:- hm ld{ zckomexm{ y s}m {}mlme {mp hm kcpãkxmp zc{cbmpd%
) =? )
Gãpickd{ fozd}pokmiocexm{ y cexondxd{d{% Kdid yc s}mhc kdimexchd, lc ndxc m{ }ec megmpimhch imxc`ûlokc zdp lc k}cl {m gdpic }e mvkm{d hm ãkohd òpokd me zlc{ic &fozmp}pokmioc/ y cpxpoxo{ hdldpd{c c eowml hml czcpcxd ldkdidxdp% Ld{ gãpic) kd{ cexondxd{d{ {}mlme }xolorcp{m zcpc ml xpcxciomexd hm cxcs}m{ cn}hd{ d kdid kdppmkxdpm{ hm lc fozmp}pokmioc% Zcpc ml zpoimp kc{d ml gãpickd hm mlmkkoûe m{ lc kdlkfokoec% [}{ zpoekozclm{ pmckkod) em{ chwmp{c{ {de ec}{mc{, wûioxd{ y hocppmc{% Zcpc kdppmnop lc fozmp}pokmioc {m {}mlm }xolorcp cldz}) poedl d `merd`pdicpdec% `merd`pdicpdec% Ml zpoimpd z}mhm zpdh}kop kmgclmc, ho{zmz{oc y hocppmc1 lc `merd`pdicpdec, zdp {} zcpxm, z}mhm zpdh}kop ec}{mc{ y wûioxd{% Gãpickd{ fozdnl}kmiocexm{ &cexohoc`ïxokd{/% Lc fozmpnl}kmioc m{ }ec mlmwckoûe hml eowml kopk}lcexm hm nl}kd{c zdp mekoic hm lc edpiclohch, hm ?: in $ 3:: il, me }ec zmp{dec ch}lxc me cy}ec{% Xpc{ }ec kdiohc c`}ehcexm me kcp`dfohpcxd{ z}mhm mlmwcp{m fc{xc 38: in $ 3:: il% Lc pmn}lckoûe hm lc nl}kmioc {m kde{on}m zdp lc oexmpckkoûe oe{}loec)nl}kcnûe oe{}loec)nl}kcnûe c eowml zcekpmãxokd% Z}mhm zpdh}kop{m, xpce{oxdpocimexm, me ml icpkd hm }ec pmck) koûe hm m{xpï{, d hm gdpic zmpicemexm, kdid kde{mk}mekoc hm }e hmgmkxd me lc {mkpmkoûe d ckkoûe hm lc oe{}loec me ml kdexmvxd hm lc hoc`mxm{ imllox}{% Ld{ gãpickd{ iã{ fc`ox}clm{ me ml xpcxciomexd hm lc fozmpnl}kmioc {}mlme {}mlme {mp oe{}loec{ y cexohoc`ï) xokd{ dpclm{% Lc oe{}loec, fdpidec zdlozmzxéhokc {mnpmnchc zdp lc{ hmedioechc{ kïl}lc{ ΰ hm ld{ o{ldxm{ zcekpmãxokd{, gcwdpmkm lc }xolorckoûe hm lc nl}kd{c zdp zcpxm hm lc{ kïl}lc{ y lc nl}kdnïem{o{ fmzãxokc% Kdid kde{mk}mekoc hm m{xc{ hd{ ckkodem{ {m ho{ioe}ym lc nl}kmioc% K}cehd lc {mkpm) koûe hm oe{}loec m{ oe{}gokomexm, {m mlmwc ml eowml hm nl}kd{c me {cenpm1 m{xm eowml, k}cehd m{ {}go) komexmimexm clxd, zpdwdkc lc mloioeckoûe hm nl}kd{c c xpcwï{ hm lc dpoec &nl}kd{}poc/% Ci`d{ {éexd) ic{, nl}kd{}poc m fozmpnl}kmioc, {de oehokcxowd{ hm lc mvo{xmekoc hm hoc`mxm{ imllox}{% Ml zpoekozcl mgmkxd chwmp{d hm lc oe{}loec m{ lc fozdnl}kmioc% Dxpd{ mgmkxd{ iã{ kdekpmxd{ czcpmkme me g}ekoûe hml xozd hm oe{}loec }xolorchc, c {c`mp2 Oe{}loec hm ckkoûe pãzohc% d Lc oe{}loec hm ckkoûe pãzohc mbmpkm }ec ckkoûe fozdnl}kmiocexm czpdvoichcimexm c lc fdpc hm chioeo{xpckoûe, clkcercehd clkcercehd ml zokd iãvoid hm ckxowohch mexpm lc{ hd{ y lc{ k}cxpd fdpc{% Me cln}ed{ kc{d{ z}mhm zpdh}kop fci`pm, {}hdpckoûe, xmi`ldpm{, ec}{mc{, zclzoxckodem{ y xcs}okcphoc% Oe{}loec hm ckkoûe icexmeohc d zpdldenchc% d Lc oe{}loec hm ckkoûe zpdldenchc z}mhm zpdldencp {} ckkoûe fozdnl}kmiocexm iã{ hm ;7 fdpc{ zdp {} oexmpckkoûe kde roek cóchohd% Me cln}ed{ kc{d{ z}mhm zpdh}kop kdeg}{oûe% Hmexpd hm ld{ cexohoc`ïxokd{ cexohoc`ïxokd{ dpclm{ iã{ fc`ox}clm{ czcpmkme lc{ `on}ceohc{, `on}ceohc{, kdid lc `}gdpioec y lc imxgdpioec, kczckm{ hm c}imexcp lc {me{o`olohch c lc oe{}loec mehûnmec% Lc `}gdpioec m{ }e gãpic) kd }xolorchd me kompxd{ xozd{ hm hoc`mxm{ s}m ckxòc zpoekozclimexm pmh}komehd lc zpdh}kkoûe hm nl}) kd{c zdp zcpxm hml fénchd% Ld{ mgmkxd{ chwmp{d{ hm lc `}gdpioec {de, me nmempcl, zdkd gpmk}mexm{ c}es}m idhmpchcimexm oizdpxcexm{% Ld{ iã{ fc`ox}clm{ {de2 eã}{mc{, wûioxd{, zïphohc hm czmxoxd y cedpmvoc, clxmpckodem{ hml n}{xd d ho{ioe}koûe hm lc c`{dpkoûe oexm{xoecl hm lc woxcioec @ 30% Pcpc) imexm z}mhm zpdh}kop ckohd{o{ lãkxokc &mlmwckoûe hm ld{ eowmlm{ hm ãkohd lãkxokd me {cenpm/, s}m {m iceogom{xc kde hocppmc, pm{zopckoûe pãzohc, hdldp y kclci`pm{ i}{k}lcpm{, hm`olohch hm`olohch y {}mód% Lc imx) gdpioec, zdp dxpc zcpxm, m{ }e gãpickd }xolorchd me ml kdexpdl hm lc hoc`mxm{ xozd OO &hoc`mxm{ s}m ed hmzmehm hm oe{}loec/% Ckxòc zpoekozclimexm pmh}komehd lc zpdh}kkoûe hm nl}kd{c zdp zcpxm hml fénc) hd% Xci`oïe pmxpc{c lc c`{dpkoûe oexm{xoecl hm nl}kd{c y gcwdpmkm s}m lc nl}kd{c mexpm hmexpd hm lc{ kïl}lc{% Lc imxgdpioec ed k}pc lc hoc`mxm{ xozd OO zmpd z}mhm cy}hcp c kdexpdlcplc, zdp ld s}m z}mhm {mp emkm{cpod chioeo{xpcplc hm zdp wohc% Ld{ mgmkxd{ chwmp{d{ hm m{xm imhokcimexd {de, me nmempcl, zdkd gpmk}mexm{ zmpd oizdpxcexm{% Lc imxgdpioec z}mhm zpdh}kop ec}{mc{, wûioxd{, zïphohc hm czm) xoxd y hdldp c`hdioecl, m{zmkoclimexm cl oeokod hml xpcxciomexd y hm kcpãkxmp pmwmp{o`lm% Xci`oïe z}mhm kc}{cp clxmpckodem{ hml n}{xd y ho{ioe}koûe hm lc c`{dpkoûe hm woxcioec @ 30% Pcpcimexm z}m) hm zpdh}kop ckohd{o{ lãkxokc% C idhd nmempcl, lc{ `on}ceohc{ ed hm`me chioeo{xpcp{m me cs}mlld{ zckomexm{ kde cexmkmhmexm{ hm ckohd{o{ lãkxokc, oe{}gokomekoc pmecl, xpc{xdped{ fmzãxokd{, clkdfdlo{id me npchd {}gokomexm kdid zcpc dkc{odecp xdvokohch fmzãxokc, zckomexm{ kde clnòe xozd hm oegmkkoûe npcwm s}m z}mhc ho{ioe}op lc zmpg}{oûe xo{}lcp d kde megmpimhchm{ megmpimhchm{ kcphéckc{ d pm{zopcxdpoc{ p m{zopcxdpoc{ s}m z}mhce pmh}kop lc zmpg}{oûe zmpo) gïpokc d kc}{cp fozdvoc kmexpcl%
) 7: )
Woxcioec{% Lc{ woxcioec{ {de {}{xcekoc{ dpnãeokc{ oizpm{koeho`lm{ me ld{ zpdkm{d{ imxc`ûlokd{ s}m xomeme l}) ncp me ld{ {mpm{ wowd{% Ed czdpxce mempnéc zmpd {oe mllc{ ml dpnceo{id ed {mpéc kczcr hm czpdwmkfcp czpdwmkfcp ld{ e}xpomexm{% Hm`me {mp czdpxchc{ c xpcwï{ hm lc cloimexckoûe, z}m{xd s}m ml k}mpzd f}iced ed z}mhm {oexmxorcplc{, c mvkmzkoûe hm lc woxcioec H, s}m {m z}mhm gdpicp me lc zoml kde lc mvzd{okoûe {dlcp y lc{ woxcioec{ A, @3, @30 y ãkohd gûlokd s}m {m gdpice me zms}móc{ kcexohchm{ me ml oexm{xoed, c zcpxop hm lc gldpc {czpdgoxc% Edpiclimexm, kde }ec homxc ms}olo`pchc {m ho{zdehpã hm xdhc{ lc{ woxc) ioec{ emkm{cpoc{ y ed {mpã emkm{cpod eoenòe czdpxm chokodecl hm {}zlmimexd{ woxciéeokd{% Lc{ woxcioec{ {m z}mhme klc{ogokcp me hd{ np}zd{, m{xd m{2 3/ woxcioec{ lozd{dl}`lm{, s}m {m ho{}ml) wme me imhod{ npc{d{, y 0/ woxcioec{ fohpd{dl}`lm{, s}m {m ho{}mlwme me cn}c y, zdp ld xcexd, {de gãkolimexm mloioec`lm{ c xpcwï{ hm lc dpoec% Lc{ woxcioec{ lozd{dl}`lm{ {de lc woxcioec C, lc woxcioec A, lc woxcioec H y lc woxcioec M1 lc{ fohpd{dl}`lm{, zdp dxpc zcpxm, {de lc woxcioec @ 3, lc woxcioec @0, lc woxcioec @;, lc woxcioec @7, lc woxcioec @30 y lc woxcioec K% Lc{ òeokc{ woxcioec{ kczckm{ hm zpdh}kop xdvokohch zdp mvkm{d {de lc{ lozd{dl}`lm{, hchd s}m z}m) hme ck}i}lcp{m me ld{ kdizcpxoimexd{ npc{d{ hml dpnceo{id% Me m{xm {mexohd, }e mvkm{d hm woxc) ioec C, emkm{cpoc zcpc ml icexmeoiomexd hm lc{ i}kd{c{, lc cn}hmrc wo{}cl y ml kpmkoiomexd m{s}m) lïxokd, z}mhm zpdh}kop hdldp hm kc`mrc, hm{kcickoûe hm lc zoml &{d`pmxdhd c eowml lc`ocl/, hozldzéc, fmzcxdimncloc, fmzcxdimncloc, m{zlmedimncloc m{zlmedimncloc y howmp{d{ xpc{xdped{ c eowml û{md% Chmiã{, xomem kcpckxmpé{xokc{ xm) pcxûnmec{% Cln}ed{ gãpickd{ hmpowchd{ hm lc woxcioec C {de lc o{dxpmxoedéec &Pdck}xãe¥/, fc`ox}cl me ml xpcxciomexd hml ckeï, y ml mxpmxoecxd &Xonc{ûe¥/, }xolorchd me ml xpcxciomexd hm lc{ {dpoc{o{ npc) wm{% Lc woxcioec A, m{mekocl zcpc lc {éexm{o{ fmzãxokc hm zpdxpdi`oec, oizdpxcexm gckxdp hm lc kdcn}) lckoûe, {}mlm mizlmcp{m kdid gãpickd zcpc pmh}kop kompxd{ m{xchd{ fmidppãnokd{% ]e mvkm{d hm wo) xcioec A z}mhm cexcndeorcp ld{ mgmkxd{ hm zd{o`lm{ cexokdcn}lcexm{, zdp ld s}m ed {}mlme chioeo{) xpcp{m hm gdpic kdeb}exc% Lc woxcioec H, m{mekocl zcpc lc gdpickoûe edpicl hm f}m{d{ y homexm{ y zcpc lc c`{dpkoûe hml kclkod c eowml oexm{xoecl, c hd{o{ mlmwchc{ z}mhm zpdwdkcp cedpmvoc, kce{cekod mvxpmid, kclkogokckoûe û{mc mvkm{owc y howmp{d{ xpc{xdped{ pmeclm{% Chmiã{, hm on}cl idhd s}m lc woxcioec C, zpm{mexc kcpckxmpé{xokc{ xmpcxûnmec{% Lc woxcioec M, m{mekocl zcpc lc pmzpdh}kkoûe, ml hm{cppdlld i}{k}lcp y lc pm{o{xmekoc hm ld{ nlû`}ld{ pdbd{, c hd{o{ mlmwchc{ z}mhm zpdh}kop hocppmc, hdldp c`hdioecl, glcx}lmekoc y eã}{mc{% Me cln}ed{ kc{d{ xci`oïe z}mhm zpdwdkcp c{xmeoc, ioc{xm) eoc, hdldp hm kc`mrc y wo{oûe `dppd{c%
XXMIC MIC 00=% =% C zcp cxd kkcphodwc{k}lcp% cp hodwc{k}lcp % Czcpcxd Ml czcpcxd kcphodwc{k}lcp m{ ml {o{xmic pm{zde{c`lm hm icexmemp ml ms}olo`pod fdimd{xãxokd me ml dpnc) eo{id, pmclorcehd }e kdexoe}d y kdexpdlchd idwoiomexd hm lc {cenpm c xpcwï{ hm iolm{ hm kczolcpm{ s}m cxpc) wom{ce ld{ xmbohd{ y llmnce c kchc }ec hm lc{ kïl}lc{ kdpzdpclm{% Lc {cenpm {m icexomem me idwoiomexd me ml kopk}oxd kmppchd hm ld{ wc{d{ imhocexm lc ckkoûe hm `di`md hml kdpcrûe% Lc zpm{oûe cpxmpocl y ml gl}bd {ce) n}éemd {}gpme pmn}lckoûe me pm{z}m{xc c lc ckxowohch hm lc{ ho{xoexc{ kïl}lc{ hml dpnceo{id% Ml kdpcrûe m{xã kdiz}m{xd zdp xpm{ xozd{ zpoekozclm{ hm iò{k}ld kcphéckd2 iò{k}ld c}pok}lcp, iò{k}ld wmexpok}lcp y go`pc{ i}{k}lcpm{ mvkoxchdpc{ y hm kdeh}kkoûe m{zmkoclorchc{% m{zmkoclorchc{% Chmiã{, m{xã zpdwo{xd hm }e {o{xmic m{zmkocl zcpc nmempcp oiz}l{d{ mlïkxpokd{ kczckm{ hm zpdh}kop }ec kdexpckkoûe zmpoûhokc hml iò{k}ld kcphéckd% K}cehd m{xm {o{xmic g}ekodec edpiclimexm, lc{ c}pék}lc{ {m kdexpcme h}pcexm kc{o }e {mvxd hm {mn}ehd cexm{ hm lc kdexpckkoûe wmexpok}lcp, ld s}m zmpioxm ml llmechd hm ld{ wmexpék}ld{ cexm{ hm s}m oiz}l{me lc {cenpm fckoc ld{ z}lidem{ y lc kopk}lckoûe zmpogïpokc% Dxpd c{zmkxd oizdpxcexm hm m{xm {o{xmic kde{o{xm me s}m zmpioxm lc kdexpckkoûe kc{o {oi}lxãemc hm xdhc{ lc{ zcpxm{ hm ld{ wmexpék}ld{, ld s}m m{ m{mekocl zcpc nmempcp }ec zpm) {oûe mgokcr me lc{ kcwohchm{ wmexpok}lcpm{% Ml {o{xmic hm kdeh}kkoûe hml kdpcrûe m{xã kde{xox}ohd zdp ld{ eûh}ld{ {oedc}pok}lcp &[C/ y c}pok}ldwmexpok}lcp &CW/, ml fcr c}pok}ldwmexpok}lcp y ml {o{xmic hm Z}paoebm% Ml oiz}l{d kcphéckd edpicl s}m oeokoc lc kdexpckkoûe imkãeokc hml kdpcrûe eckm me ml eûh}ld [C &d icpkczc) {d/, {m hm{zlcrce pãzohcimexm zdp lc{ go`pc{ i}{k}lcpm{ hm ci`c{ c}pék}lc{% C{é m{xoi}lchc{, mizomrce c kdexpcmp{m% K}cehd ml zdxmekocl hm ckkoûe llmnc cl eûh}ld CW zpdkmhmexm hm lc c}pék}lc hmpmkfc, {} kdeh}k) koûe {m fckm edxc`lmimexm iã{ lmexc, hcehd c{é l}ncp c lc kdexpckkoûe c}pok}lcp kdizlmxc cexm{ hm llmncp c ld{ wmexpék}ld{% Hm{z}ï{ hm cxpcwm{cp lmexcimexm ml eûh}ld CW, lc wmldkohch hm kdeh}kkoûe c}imexc k}ce) hd ml oiz}l{d {m i}mwm zdp ml fcr CW &fcr hm Fo{/ fc{xc ld{ wmexpék}ld{% Cs}é, lc{ pcic{ hmpmkfc m ors}omp) hc hml fcr hm Fo{ y lc{ go`pc{ hm Z}paoebm me lc{ s}m xmpioece kdeh}kme ld{ oiz}l{d{ zdp ml iò{k}ld hm ci) `d{ wmexpék}ld{, zpdwdkcehd {} kdexpckkoûe hm gdpic kc{o {oi}lxãemc% Zdp xcexd, ml eûh}ld [C oeokoc kchc lcxohd kcphéckd y m{xc`lmkm {} poxid, yc s}m m{ ml icpkczc{d ecx}pcl hml kdpcrûe% Zdp ld nmempcl, ml eûh}ld [C {m “hm{kcpncpã’ d ho{zcpcpã kde }ec wmldkohch péxiokc hm >: c >= lcxohd{ zdp ioe}xd%
) 73 )
C idhd nmempcl, ld{ gãpickd{ }xolorchd{ me lc xmpczoc pmlckodechc kde ml czcpcxd kcphodwc{k}lcp {de2 Gãpickd{ kcphodxûeokd{% Ld{ gãpickd{ kcphodxûeokd{ oekl}yme xdhd{ cs}mlld{ kdiz}m{xd{ }xolorchd{ me ml xpcxciomexd hm lc oe{}gokomekoc kcphockc &OK/, xïpioed s}m {m }xolorc me xdhc{ lc{ {ox}ckodem{ me lc{ s}m ml kdpcrûe, zdp hogmpmexm{ idxowd{, ed m{ kczcr hm {}ioeo{xpcp cl pm{xd hml dpnceo{id lc kcexohch hm {cenpm emkm{c) poc zcpc {} g}ekodeciomexd g}ekodeciomexd ldkcl% Ld{ gãpickd{ kcphodxûeokd{ iã{ fc`ox}clm{ {de ld{ hmedioechd{ honoxãlokd{, hmpowchd{ hm lc hondvo) ec, kdiz}m{xd d`xmeohd hm Honoxclo{ lcecxc, kczckm{ hm gobcp{m c pmkmzxdpm{ m{zmkégokd{ s}m gdpice zcpxm hm lc meroic CXZc{c Ec !)A! hmzmehomexm zcpc oefo`oplc% M{xm `lds}md oekpmimexc lc kdekme) xpckoûe oexpckml}lcp hm {dhod y ho{ioe}ym lc hm zdxc{od% Ml c}imexd hm lc kdekmexpckoûe oexpckml}lcp hm {dhod ckxowc ml oexmpkci`ochdp Ec!)Kc0! y c}imexc lc mexpchc hm kclkod cl iodkcphod% Ml pm{}lxchd m{ }e c}imexd hm lc kdekmexpckoûe oexpckml}lcp hm kclkod c eowml hm lc{ zpdxméec{ kdexpãkxolm{ iod) kãphokc{, fmkfd s}m mvzlokc ml c}imexd hm ld{ oiz}l{d{ kcphockd{% Fdy me héc, {}km{owd{ c`cehd) ed{ hml impkchd fce pmh}kohd lc dgmpxc hm honoxãlokd{ c lc hondvoec y lc imxolhondvoec% Lc hondvoec m{ ml imhokcimexd hm mlmkkoûe y {} zpmzdehmpcekoc fc xmeohd i}kfd s}m wmp me lc pmxopchc hm lc{ cl) xmpecxowc{% M{ }e kdiz}m{xd hm m{xpmkfd icpnme xmpczï}xokd, y }ed hm {}{ zpoekozclm{ zpd`lmic{ czcpmkm zdps}m m{ kczcr hm ck}i}lcp{m c eowml hml iodkcphod% Chmiã{, {} }{d z}mhm hmxmpioecp lc czcpokoûe hm pmckkodem{ chwmp{c{ zdxmekoclimexm npcwm{, c}es}m nmempclimexm oegpmk}mexm{% Me cln}ed{ kc{d{, z}mhm zpdh}kop cppoxioc{ zdp c}imexd d ho{ioe}koûe hm lc mvkoxc`olohch kcphockc &`pchokcphoc {oe}{cl, `lds}md c}pék}ld)wmexpok}lcp, xcs}okcphoc wmexpok}lcp d, oekl}{d, go`polckoûe wmexpo) k}lcp/% Xci`oïe z}mhm zpdwdkcp howmp{c{ cgmkxckodem{ c eowml hml [EK, c {c`mp2 cedpmvoc, ec}{mc{, wûioxd{, kdeg}{oûe, kmgclmc, hm{dpomexckoûe, cl}koeckodem{ y wo{oûe `dppd{c% Xdhc{ lc{ pmckkodem{ chwmp{c{ zpdh}kohc{ zdp lc hondvoec {de hmzmehomexm{ hm lc hd{o{ chioeo{xpchc% Zdp m{xm idxowd, ml xpcxciomexd iã{ fc`ox}cl kde{o{xm me zpdzdpkodecp cl zckomexm }ec hd{o{ hocpoc iéeoic me g}ekoûe hml xpc{xdped zpdh}kohd h}pcexm = héc{ c lc {micec y, c kdexoe}ckoûe, kdexoe}ckoûe, hmxmemp ml xpcxciomexd h}pcexm 0 héc{ kde{mk}xowd{, zcpc mwoxcp }ec zd{o`lm ck}i}lckoûe c eowml hml iodkcphod% Lc {me{o`olohch zdp zcpxm hml dpnceo{id fckoc lc hondvoec c}imexc k}cehd ho{ioe}yme ld{ eowmlm{ hm zdxc{od me {cenpm &fozdzdxc{mioc/ d k}cehd c}imexce ld{ hm kclkod &fozmpkclkmioc/% Dxpd{ gckxdpm{ s}m c}imexce lc {me{o`olohch hm lc hondvoec {de lc oe{}gokomekoc pmecl y ml fozdxopdoho{id% fozdxopdoho{id% Zdp dxpc zcpxm, ld{ cloimexd{ kde clxd kdexmeohd me go`pc z}mhme ho{ioe}op ml mgmkxd hm lc hondvoec% M{ oizdpxcexm ed }xolorcp ho) ndvoec {d`pm zckomexm{ kde oegcpxd hm iodkcphod, z}m{xd s}m z}mhm pm{}lxcp zpd`c`lm lc zpdh}kkoûe hm cppoxioc{ d o{s}mioc{, {oneogokcehd }e oizdpxcexm cnpcwciomexd hm lc megmpimhch% Lc imxolho) ndvoec, zdp dxpc zcpxm, m{ i}y {mimbcexm c lc hondvoec y, cl on}cl s}m m{xc, {}{ mgmkxd{ chwmp{d{ {de zpãkxokcimexm oegpmk}mexm{% @ã{okcimexm, {}mlme {mp iceogm{xckodem{ iceogm{xckodem{ hm {d`pmhd{ogokckoûe% {d`pmhd{ogokckoûe% Lc{ pm) ckkodem{ chwmp{c{ {de lc{ io{ic{ s}m me ml kc{d hm lc hondvoec% C idhd nmempcl, lc hondvoec y lc imxolhondvoec {de gãpickd{ i}y zcpmkohd{ s}m ed {}mlme zpm{mexcp wmexcbc{ }ed {d`pm dxpd% Gãpickd{ cexocppéxiokd{% Ld{ gãpickd{ cexocppéxiokd{ {de kdiz}m{xd{ }xolorchd{ me ml xpcxciomexd hm lc cppoxioc kcphockc% @ã) {okcimexm, }ec cppoxioc {m hmgoem kdid }ec clxmpckoûe hml poxid kcphockd kde xpc{xdped me lc {}km) {oûe pmn}lcp hm lcxohd{, c kde{mk}mekoc hm xpc{xdped{ me lc kdeh}kkoûe d gdpickoûe hml m{xéi}ld kcp) hockd% C idhd nmempcl, ld{ cexocppéxiokd{ z}mhme howohop{m me k}cxpd kcxmndpéc{ `ome hogmpmekochc{ &klc{ogokckoûe hm Wc}nfice)^olloci{/2 Wc}nfice)^olloci{/2 Np}zd O &cexocppéxiokd{ hm xozd O/% [de kdiz}m{xd{ `lds}mcexm{ hm ld{ kceclm{ hm {dhod c eowml hml iodkcphod% Ld{ kceclm{ hm {dhod {de ld{ zpoekozclm{ pm{zde{c`lm{ hm s}m kchc kïl}lc nmempm }e zdxmekocl hm ckkoûe d oiz}l{d mlïkxpokd% M{xd{ gãpickd{ z}mhme oeh}kop cppoxioc{ npcwm{, y cln}ed{ hm mlld{ z}m) hme zpdwdkcp {ms}mhch hm `dkc, icpmd{ y dxpc{ clxmpckodem{ wo{}clm{ d nc{xpdoexm{xoeclm{% Zdp m{xm idxowd, {de kdiz}m{xd{ i}y zdkd fc`ox}clm{ me xmpczï}xokc% Ld{ iã{ hm{xckchd{ {de lc s}oeohoec, lc ho{dzopciohc, lc imvolmxoec, lc glmkcoeohc, lc zpdkcoeciohc, lc lohdkcéec y lc zpdzcgmedec% Np}zd OO &cexocppéxiokd{ hm xozd OO/% [de kdiz}m{xd{ `lds}mcexm{ hm ld{ pmkmzxdpm{ ΰ)chpmeïpnokd{, m{zmkégokd{ hm lc chpmeclo) ec, hm{mekchmecehd xdhc }ec {mpom hm pmckkodem{ hmexpd hm lc{ kïl}lc{ y ckmlmpcehd {} kczckohch hm nmempcp m{xéi}ld{ mlïkxpokd{% M{xd{ imhokcimexd{ imhokcimexd{ {}mlme xmemp zdkd{ mgmkxd{ xûvokd{, zmpd z}mhme zpdwdkcp `cbchc{ hm lc zpm{oûe cpxmpocl y ho{ioe}koûe ho{ioe}koûe oizdpxcexm hm lc{ z}l{ckodem{ kcphockc{ fc{xc llmncp c }e `lds}md c}pék}ld)wmexpok}lcp% Ld{ iã{ hm{xckchd{, c}es}m zdkd fc`ox}clm{ me ml xpcxciomexd hm lc{ cppoxioc{, {de ml zpdzcedldl, ml imxdzpdldl, ml cxmedldl, ml echdldl, ml zoehdldl y ml kcpwmholdl%
) 70 )
Np}zd OOO &cexocppéxiokd{ hm xozd OOO/% [de kdiz}m{xd{ zpdldenchdpm{ hml zdxmekocl hm ckkoûe s}m ckxòce zpoidphoclimexm {d`pm lc{ kdppomexm{ hm zdxc{od &kceclm{ hm zdxc{od/, mekcpnchd{ m{mekoclimexm hm pmnpm{cp c lc{ kïl}lc{ c }e m{xchd me ml k}cl z}mhce {mp m{xoi}lchc{ y nmempcp e}mwd{ oiz}l{d{% [de i}y mgmkxowd{, zmpd me cln}ed{ kc{d{ z}mhme oeh}kop cppoxioc{ npcwm{, hmzû{oxd{ dk}lcpm{, gdxd) {me{o`olohch, fmzcxoxo{ kde oekpmimexd hm meroic{ xpce{cioec{c{, hmpicxoxo{ mvgdlocxowc, go) `pd{o{ z}lidecp, clxmpckodem{ xopdohmc{ &fozd d fozmpxopdoho{id, {mnòe ml kc{d/ y c}imexd{ cedpiclm{ hm kdlm{xmpdl y xponlokïpohd{% Ld{ iã{ hm{xckchd{ {de lc ciodhcpdec y ml {dxcldl% Np}zd OW &cexocppéxiokd{ hm xozd OW/% [de kdiz}m{xd{ `lds}mcexm{ hm ld{ kceclm{ hm kclkod c eowml hml iodkcphod y hm ld{ wc{d{ {cen}éemd{% M{xd{ imhokcimexd{ oeh}kme }e melmexmkoiomexd hm lc nmempckoûe hm m{xéi}) ld{ y, chmiã{, {de kczckm{ hm ho{ioe}op lc g}mprc hm kdexpckkoûe y hm idhogokcp lc pmk}zm) pckoûe hml m{xchd mvkoxc`lm hm lc kïl}lc% [}{ zpoekozclm{ mgmkxd{ xûvokd{ {de m{xpmóoiomexd, `pchokcphoc, fozdxme{oûe, eã}{mc{ y hdldp hm kc`mrc% Ml iã{ hm{xckchd m{ ml wmpczciold% Gãpickd{ ΰ)`lds}mcexm{% Ld{ gãpickd{ ΰ)`lds}mcexm{ {de kdiz}m{xd{ s}m ckxòce oefo`omehd ld{ howmp{d{ mgmkxd{ hm lc chpm) ecloec me ml dpnceo{id, me zcpxok}lcp ml mgmkxd m{xoi}lcexm {d`pm ml kdpcrûe% Ml pm{}lxchd m{ s}m ml kdpcrûe lcxm iã{ hm{zckod y kde imed{ g}mprc% M{xd{ gãpickd{ z}mhme zpdh}kop }ec {me{ckoûe hm gcxonc, kce{cekod y lmxcpnoc s}m loioxc i}kfd {} }{d% Cln}ed{ hm mlld{ z}mhme ho{ioe}op ld{ eowmlm{ hml kdlm{xmpdl "`}med" d FHL% Ld{ pmkmzxdpm{ hm lc chpmecloec {m howohme me hd{ np}zd{ `ome hogmpmekochd{2 Pmkmzxdpm{ γ)chpmeïpnokd{2 pmkmzxdpm{ γ3 y γ0 chpmeïpnokd{% Lc m{xoi}lckoûe hm ld{ pmkmzxdpm{ γ3 y γ0 chpmeïpnokd{ czcpmkm pmlckodechc kde }e oekpm) imexd me lc kdexpckkoûe hm lc i}{k}lcx}pc lo{c% Pmkmzxdpm{ ΰ)chpmeïpnokd{2 pmkmzxdpm{ ΰ3 y ΰ0 chpmeïpnokd{% Lc m{xoi}lckoûe hm ld{ pmkmzxdpm{ ΰ3)chpmeïpnokd{ )chpmeïpnokd{ c}imexc lc g}mprc y lc gpmk}mekoc hm kde) xpckkoûe hml iodkcphod, iomexpc{ s}m lc m{xoi}lckoûe hm ld{ pmkmzxdpm{ ΰ0 gcwdpmkm lc pmlcbc) koûe hm lc i}{k}lcx}pc lo{c% Ld{ gãpickd{ ΰ)`lds}mcexm{ )`lds}mcexm{ z}mhme klc{ogokcp{m me k}cxpd kcxmndpéc{ ho{xoexc{, c {c`mp2 Kdiz}m{xd{ kcphod{mlmkxowd{% [de `lds}mcexm{ m{zmkégokd{ hm ld{ pmkmzxdpm{ ΰ3)chpmeïpnokd{, {omehd ml iã{ hm{xckchd ml cxmedldl% Kdiz}m{xd{ kde ckxowohch {oizcxokdioiïxokc oexpée{mkc% [de cndeo{xc{ zcpkoclm{ hm ld{ pmkmzxdpm{ ΰ3)chpmeïpnokd{1 )chpmeïpnokd{1 me }e zpoekozod, gcwdpmkme lc m{) xoi}lckoûe hm hokfd{ pmkmzxdpm{ zmpd, me }e {mn}ehd zc{d, zpdwdkce {} `lds}md, ho{ioe}) ymehd hm m{xm idhd {}{ mgmkxd{ chwmp{d{% Ml iã{ hm{xckchd m{ ml kcpxmdldl% Kdiz}m{xd{ ed kcphod{mlmkxowd{% [de `lds}mcexm{ hm ld{ pmkmzxdpm{ ΰ3 y ΰ0 chpmeïpnokd{, chpmeïpnokd{, fmkfd s}m oekpmimexc lc czcpokoûe hm i}kfd{ mgmkxd{ ed hm{mchd{% Ml iã{ hm{xckchd m{ ml zpdzcedldl% Kdiz}m{xd{ γ,ΰ)`lds}mcexm{% [de `lds}mcexm{ xcexd hm ld{ pmkmzxdpm{ γ kdid hm ld{ pmkmzxdpm{ ΰ)chpmeïpnokd{% Ml iã{ hm{xckchd m{ ml kcpwmholdl% C idhd nmempcl, ld{ zpoekozclm{ mgmkxd{ chwmp{d{ hm ld{ gãpickd{ ΰ)`lds}mcexm{ {de2 c% Zdp `lds}md hm ld{ pmkmzxdpm{ ΰ3)chpmeïpnokd{ z}mhm czcpmkmp `pchokcphoc, oe{}gokomekoc kcp) hockc, oizdxmekoc, fozdxme{oûe idhmpchc, gcxonc y ho{ioe}koûe hm lc kczckohch z{okdidxdpc% `% Zdp `lds}md hm ld{ pmkmzxdpm{ ΰ0)chpmeïpnokd{ z}mhm czcpmkmp oe{}gokomekoc wc{k}lcp zmpogïpo) kc, `pdekdkde{xpokkoûe y {me{ckoûe {me{ckoûe hm gpéd c eowml hm lc{ mvxpmiohchm{% Me m{xd{ kc{d{, lc oe{}) gokomekoc wc{k}lcp zmpogïpokc {}mlm zdemp{m hm iceogom{xd hm hd{ gdpic{ ho{xoexc{, `ã{okcimexm2 `ã{okcimexm2 Klc}hokckoûe oexmpioxmexm% Hdldp kde{xpokxd s}m {m iceogom{xc me lc{ mvxpmiohchm{ oegmpodpm{ cl pmclorcp m{g}mprd{ &kd) ppmp, mxk%/ y s}m hm{czcpmkm cl {}{zmehmp ml mbmpkokod% M{xm hdldp czcpmkm zdkd hm{z}ï{ hm oeokocp lc icpkfc, c}imexc {o kdexoeòc ml mbmpkokod y ho{ioe}ym fc{xc hm{czcpmkmp kde ml pmzd{d, zcpc pmczcpmkmp hm e}mwd cl pmoeokocp lc icpkfc% Gmeûimed hm Pcyec}h% Pmckkoûe wc{k}lcp kde{o{xmexm me }e wc{dm{zc{id, {mn}ohd hm }ec `p}{kc wc{dholcxckoûe wc{dholcxckoûe &pmckkoûe xpozlm kdldpmchc2 zclohmr)koced{o{)mepdbmkoiomexd/ me lc{ cpxmpoc{ hm imhoced kc) lo`pm hm lc{ mvxpmiohchm{, m{zmkoclimexm hm lc{ iced{, me pm{z}m{xc c hogmpmexm{ m{xéi}) ld{1 mexpm mlld{ ml iã{ oizdpxcexm m{ ml gpéd%
) 7; )
k%
Dxpd{ mgmkxd{ mgmkxd{ chwmp{d{, chwmp{d{, c eowml eowml imxc`ûlokd, imxc`ûlokd, {de fozmpnl}kmioc fozmpnl}kmioc &{dld &{dld me zckomexm{ kde hoc`mxm{ hoc`mxm{ imllox}{/, c}imexd hm xponlokïpohd{ y ho{ioe}koûe hm FHL)kdlm{xmpdl% C idhd nmempcl, me kc{d hm {}zpm{oûe `p}{kc hml xpcxciomexd kde ΰ)`lds}mcexm{ z}mhm czcpmkmp }ec oizdpxcexm fozmpckxowohch kcphockc% Gãpickd{ γ)`lds}mcexm{% Ld{ gãpickd{ γ)`lds}mcexm{ {de kdiz}m{xd{ s}m ckxòce oefo`omehd howmp{d{ mgmkxd{ hm lc chpmec) loec me ml dpnceo{id1 g}ehcimexclimexm, {de {}{xcekoc{ }xolorchc{ zcpc ml xpcxciomexd hm lc fozmp) xme{oûe cpxmpocl% Ld{ iã{ hm{xckchd{ {de lc zpcrd{oec y lc hdvcrd{oec% Me cln}ed{ kc{d{, m{xd{ kdiz}m{xd{ zpdh}kme fozdxme{oûe dpxd{xãxokc hm zpoimpc hd{o{, oekdexoemekoc }poecpoc y zpoczo{id &mpmkkoûe zmp{o{xmexm ed pmlckodechc kde ml hm{md {mv}cl s}m ed hm{czcpmkm xpc{ }ec myck}lckoûe/% Kdid cexofozmpxme{owd{, cexofozmpxme{owd{, ed {}mlme {mp gãpickd{ hm mlmkkoûe% Gãpickd{ kclkodcexcndeo{xc{% Ld{ gãpickd{ kclkodcexcndeo{xc{ {de kdiz}m{xd{ s}m ho{ioe}yme lc kdekmexpckoûe hm kclkod oexpc) kml}lcp zdp oefo`okoûe hm ld{ kceclm{ lmexd{ hml zpdzod kclkod% Hm m{xc gdpic {m kde{on}m ho{ioe}op ml idwoiomexd hm kclkod c xpcwï{ hm lc{ kïl}lc{, fmkfd s}m zpdh}km }ec ho{ioe}koûe hm lc zpm{oûe cpxm) pocl, yc s}m pmlcbc p mlcbc lc i}{k}lcx}pc hm ld{ wc{d{ {cen}éemd{% [d`pm lc kopk}lckoûe kdpdecpoc {m zpdwdkc chmiã{ wc{dholcxckoûe y }e c}imexd hml gl}bd {cen}éemd y hm lc dvonmeckoûe hml kdpcrûe% Zdp dxpc zcpxm, {m ho{ioe}ym lc kdexpckxo`olohch hml iò{k}ld kcphéckd y {m pmxpc{c lc kdeh}kxowohch kcphéckc &ckkoûe cexocppéxiokc/% Zdp pmnlc nmempcl, {}mlme {mp imhokcimexd{ `ome xdlmpchd{ zdp ml dpnceo{id% Lc icydpéc hm m{xd{ kdiz}m{xd{, kdid lc eogmhozoec, {de m{xp}kx}pc{ hmpowchc{ hm lc hofohpdzopohoec% hofohpdzopohoec% Dxpd{, {oe mi`cpnd, kdid ml wmpczciold y ml holxocrmi, zd{mme m{xp}kx}pc{ s}éiokc{ ed pmlckodechc{ kde lc hofohpdzopohoec% C idhd nmempcl, lc{ hofohpdzopohoec{ z}mhme dkc{odecp {dgdkd{, icpmd{, xc) s}okcphoc pmglmbc, pmgl}bd nc{xpdm{dgãnokd m fozmpzlc{oc noenowcl, {omehd m{xc{ hd{ òlxoic{ i}y kcpck) xmpé{xokc{ hm lc eogmhozoec% Ld{ kclkodcexcndeo{xc{ s}m ed zpm{mexce }ec m{xp}kx}pc xozd hofohpdzopoho) ec z}mhme zpdwdkcp `pchokcphoc y m{xpmóoiomexd% Gãpickd{ oefo`ohdpm{ hml meroic kdewmpxohdp hm cenodxme{oec O &OMKC/% Ld{ gãpickd{ OMKC {de kdiz}m{xd{ kczckm{ hm ckx}cp {d`pm lc meroic kdewmpxohdpc hm cenodxme{o) ec O &MKC/, c eowml hml hmedioechd {o{xmic pmeoec)cenodxme{oec, zcpc `lds}mcp {} ckkoûe% Ml {o{xm) ic pmeoec)cenodxme{oec m{ }e icm{xpd pmn}lchdp hm lc go{odldnéc f}icec% Kdexpdlc lc zpm{oûe {ce) n}éemc y ml `clcekm féhpokd y mlmkxpdléxokd c xpcwï{ hm mgmkxd{ kddphoechd{ {d`pm ml kdpcrûe, cpxmpoc{ y poódem{% Me ml kcioed klã{okd hm m{xm {o{xmic, lc pmeoec m{ {mkpmxchc zdp lc{ kïl}lc{ hml czcpcxd y}vxcnldimp}lcp hml poóûe y g}ekodec xpce{gdpicehd cenodxme{oeûnmed me cenodxme{oec O% M{xm kdi) z}m{xd xomem }e iéeoid mgmkxd {d`pm lc zpm{oûe {cen}éemc y m{ kdewmpxohd zdp ld{ z}lidem{ c xpcwï{ hm }ec meroic kdewmpxohdpc me cenodxme{oec OO, }e zdxmexm wc{dkde{xpokxdp s}m ckxòc me ml kdpcrûe y me ld{ poódem{ }eoïehd{m c ld{ pmkmzxdpm{ CX3 y CX0 hm lc hmedioechc zpdxméec N% Ml pmkmzxdp CX3 imhoc ld{ mgmkxd{ hm lc cenodxme{oec OO, m{xd m{, wc{dkde{xpokkoûe m fozmpxpdgoc kcphockc y cpxmpocl% Ml pmkmzxdp CX0 xomem }e mgmkxd dz}m{xd% Chmiã{ hm lc kdewmp{oûe hm cenodxme{oec O me cenodxme{oec OO, lc MKC oeckxowc hd{ zïzxohd{ wc{dholcxchdpm{, lc `pchos}oeoec y lc kclohoec% Lc oefo`okoûe hm lc MKC ho{ioe}ym hm lc zpm{oûe cpxmpocl c xpcwï{ hm hd{ imkceo{id{2 3/ zpmwmekoûe hm lc gdpickoûe hm cenodxme{oec OO, y 0/ zdxmekockoûe hm lc{ zpdzomhchm{ fozdxme{owc{ hm lc `pchos}oeoec%
) 78 )
M{x}hod{ me kléeokc `ã{okc fce hmid{xpchd s}m ld{ oefo`ohdpm{ hm lc MKC zpmwomeme lc go`pd{o{ iod) kãphokc y imbdpce ml pmidhmlchd wmexpok}lcp hm{z}ï{ hml oegcpxd hm iodkcphod y me lc oe{}gokomekoc kcphockc kdenm{xowc% Ld{ oefo`ohdpm{ hm lc MKC m{xãe {omehd }{chd{ kléeokcimexm zcpc xpcxcp lc oe) {}gokomekoc kcphockc, lc holcxckoûe wmexpok}lcp, lc ho{g}ekoûe mehdxmlocl y ml hcód pmecl% Lc{ }lxoic{ hd{ oehokckodem{ ioxonce lc{ ckkodem{ wc{dhmzpm{dpc{ hopmkxc{ {d`pm ld{ wc{d{ {cen}éemd{% Cln}ed{ hm ld{ oefo`ohdpm{ hm lc MKC iã{ hm{xckchd{ {de ml kczxdzpol, ml meclczpol y ml zmpoehdzpol% C idhd nmempcl, m{xd{ gãpickd{ z}mhme zpdh}kop fozdxme{oûe, fozmpaclmioc &oekpmimexd hml eowml zlc{iãxokd hm zdxc{od/ m oe{}gokomekoc pmecl% Chmiã{, zdp ck}i}lckoûe hm `pchos}oeoec z}mhme zpd) wdkcp xd{ {mkc y cenodmhmic &pmckkoûe wc{k}lcp ldkclorchc, ed zp}ponoed{c, s}m cgmkxc c lc zoml, cl xmbohd kml}lcp {}`k}xãemd y c lc{ i}kd{c{, y s}m {m iceogom{xc kdid }ec x}imgckkoûe x}imgckkoûe {oizlm d iòl) xozlm, oehdldpc, kopk}e{kpoxc y xpce{oxdpoc/% Ld{ oefo`ohdpm{ hm lc MKC, zdp dxpc zcpxm, {de cnmexm{ xmpc) xûnmed{, zdp ld s}m {} }{d me i}bmpm{ mi`cpcrchc{ hm`m mwoxcp{m me lc imhohc hm ld zd{o`lm% Gãpickd{ cexcndeo{xc{ hm ld{ pmkmzxdpm{ hm cenodxme{oec OO &CPC OO/% Ld{ gãpickd{ cexcndeo{xc{ hm ld{ pmkmzxdpm{ hm cenodxme{oec OO &CPC OO/ {de kdiz}m{xd{ kczckm{ hm `lds}mcp lc ckkoûe hm lc cenodxme{oec OO c eowml hml {o{xmic pmeoec)cenodxme{oec% Ld{ kdiz}m{xd{ CPC OO ckxòce {mlmkxowcimexm {d`pm ld{ pmkmzxdpm{ CX3 hm lc cenodxme{oec OO y fce {ohd cizlocime) xm mwcl}chd{ me lc fozmpxme{oûe cpxmpocl% M{xm np}zd hm gãpickd{ kdizcpxm kde ld{ oefo`ohdpm{ hm lc MKC wcpod{ hm {}{ mgmkxd{ `memgokod{d{, c}es}m {} imkceo{id hm ckkoûe m{ hogmpmexm% Ld{ OMKC[ ed cgmkxce c lc cenodxme{oec OO, ed nmempchc c xpcwï{ hm lc MKC% Ml fmkfd hm ed c}imexcp ld{ eowm) lm{ hm `pchos}oeoec fckm s}m ld{ CPC OO ed zpm{mexme cln}ed{ mgmkxd{ chwmp{d{ hm ld{ oefo`ohdpm{ hm lc MKC, kdid lc xd{ {mkc y ml cenodmhmic% cenodmhmic% Ckx}climexm {m pmkdiomehce ld{ gãpickd{ CPC OO me ml xpcxciomexd hm lc oe{}gokomekoc kcphockc kpûeokc me xdhd{ cs}mlld{ zckomexm{ s}m ed xdlmpce oefo`o) hdpm{ hm lc MKC, {d`pm xdhd zdp kc}{c hm lc xd{ } dxpd{ mgmkxd{ chwmp{d{ iã{ pcpd{ &cenodmhmic/, hmzmehomexm{ hm lc{ s}oeoec{% Cln}ed{ hm ld{ kdiz}m{xd{ CPC OO fc`ox}clm{ me xmpczï}xokc {de ml wcl{cpxce, ml ld{cpxce y ml xmlio{cpxce% Gãpickd{ cexocenoed{d{% Ld{ gãpickd{ cexocenoed{d{ {de kdiz}m{xd{ }xolorchd{ zcpc lc zpmwmekoûe hm lc o{s}mioc hm iod) kcphod% Ld{ iã{ fc`ox}clm{ fc`ox}clm{ {m kdedkme `cbd ml edi`pm hm eoxpcxd{ cexocenoed{d{1 cexocenoed{d{1 xdhd{ mlld{ zpm{me) xce kdid zpoekozod ckxowd lc eoxpdnlokmpoec &eoxpcxd hm nlokmpold/, kczcr hm holcxcp lc{ cpxmpoc{ kdpdecpoc{ y pmwmpxop ml hdldp me zdkd{ ioe}xd{% C idhd nmempcl, ld{ hmpowchd{ hm eoxpdnlokmpoec, kdid ml ided) eoxpcxd hm o{d{dp`ohc, z}mhme zpdwdkcp hmpicxoxo{ hm kdexckxd & g}ehcimexclimexm g}ehcimexclimexm {o ml imhokcimexd imhokcimexd {m chioeo{xpc me gdpic hm zcpkfm k}xãemd/, fozdxme{oûe dpxd{xãxokc, xcs}okcphoc, kmgclmc z}l{ãxol &npcwm y zmp{o{xmexm/, kdlcz{d y {éekdzm &zïphohc {ò`oxc y xpce{oxdpoc hm lc kdekomekoc, kde pmk}zmpc) koûe m{zdexãemc {oe hmbcp {mk}mlc{/% Chmiã{, m{xd{ imhokcimexd{ z}mhme oeh}kop xdlmpcekoc y {ée) hpdim hm c`{xoemekoc, zpoekozclimexm me cs}mlld{ zckomexm{ me ld{ s}m {m hmxmpioem }ec {}{zme) {oûe `p}{kc hml xpcxciomexd% Gãpickd{ ho}pïxokd{% Ld{ gãpickd{ ho}pïxokd{ {de kdiz}m{xd{ kczckm{ ckx}cp c eowml pmecl zcpc c}imexcp lc mvkpmkoûe }poecpoc hm Ec!, Kl) y cn}c% M{xc fc`olohch zcpc oeh}kop }e `clcekm emncxowd hm ld{ lés}ohd{ kdpzdpc) lm{ {m fc }xolorchd me ml xpcxciomexd hm }ec npce wcpomhch hm kdehokodem{ zcxdlûnokc{, zmpd zcpxok}) lcpimexm me ld{ zchmkoiomexd{ s}m k}p{ce kde mhmic kdid lc oe{}gokomekoc kcphockc, lc koppd{o{ kde c{koxo{, ml {éehpdim emgpûxokd y me lc fozmpxme{oûe cpxmpocl%
) 7= )
Ld{ kdiz}m{xd{ ho}pïxokd{ {}mlme howohop{m me xpm{ np}zd{ d kcxmndpéc{ ho{xoexc{, c {c`mp2 Ho}pïxokd{ ho{xclm{ &xocrohc{/% [de kdiz}m{xd{ s}m `lds}mce lc pmc`{dpkoûe hm Ec ! me lc zdpkoûe oeokocl hml xò`}ld ho{xcl hm lc kdpxmrc pmecl% Xdhc{ lc{ xocrohc{ xomeme }e imkceo{id {mimbcexm y }ec zdxmekoc {oio) lcp% Me }ec zpoimpc gc{m, ml mgmkxd cexofozmpxme{owd hm lc{ xocrohc{ czcpmkm lonchd c }ec pm) h}kkoûe hm wdl}ime s}m, {oe mi`cpnd, ckxowc ml {o{xmic pmeoec)cenodxme{oec zdp ld s}m ckc`c pmm{xc`lmkoïehd{m ml wdl}ime zlc{iãxokd zpmwod% Me nmempcl, c zm{cp hm lc lcpnc lo{xc hm mgmkxd{ kdlcxmpclm{, m{xd{ gãpickd{ c lc{ hd{o{ }{chc{ ckx}climexm {de i}y {mn}pd{ y {ûld pms}ompme }ec wonolcekoc zmpoûhokc hml zckomexm% Me dkc{odem{, z}mhme zpdh}kop howmp) {d{ xpc{xdped{ imxc`ûlokd{ kdid fozdzdxc{mioc, fozdecxpmioc, fozdecxpmioc, fozmp}pokmioc, fozmpkdlm{xm) pdlmioc, fozmpxpockolnlokmpdlmioc, fozmpkclkmioc, fozdgd{gcxmioc m fozmpnl}kmioc &g}ehcime) xclimexm me zckomexm{ hoc`ïxokd{/, y dxpc{ clxmpckodem{ hm kcpãkxmp nmempcl kdid czcpokoûe hm mp}zkodem{ k}xãemc{, gdxd{me{o`olohch, wc{k}loxo{ clïpnokc y em}ideoxo{ oexmp{xokocl% Ml ho) }pïxokd ho{xcl iã{ fc`ox}cl, fdy me héc, m{ lc fohpdkldpdxocrohc% fohpdkldpdxocrohc% Zdp pmnlc p mnlc nmempcl, ld{ zckome) xm{ s}m {de xpcxchd{ kde xocrohc{ {}mlme pms}mpop {}zlmimexd{ hm zdxc{od zcpc mwoxcp zd{o) `lm{ kdizlokckodem{ pmlckodechc{ kde lc fozdzdxc{mioc% Ho}pïxokd{ hml c{c% [de kdiz}m{xd{ s}m `lds}mce lc pmc`{dpkoûe hm Ec ! me lc zdpkoûe c{kmehmexm hml c{c hm Fmelm c eowml pmecl% Kdid cexofozmpxme{owd{, ld{ ho}pïxokd{ hml c{c {de ;)8 wmkm{ iã{ zdxme) xm{ s}m lc{ xocrohc{% Zdp pmnlc nmempcl, hm`me chioeo{xpcp{m wcpoc{ wmkm{ cl héc zcpc hm{) kmehmp lc{ kogpc{ xme{odeclm{, yc s}m lc h}pckoûe hm {} ckkoûe {}mlm {mp kdpxc% [}{ mgmkxd{ chwmp{d{ iã{ gpmk}mexm{ {de fozdzdxc{mioc, fozdkclkmioc, fozdxme{oûe dpxd{xãxokc, gdxd) {me{o`olohch, fozmp{me{o`olohch k}xãemc y dxdxdvokohch &{dphmpc y dxpd{ xpc{xdped{ c}hoxowd{/% Ld{ ho}pïxokd{ hml c{c iã{ fc`ox}clm{ {de {}lgcidol`merdcxd{, kdid lc g}pd{miohc, y {}lgd) eol}pmc{, kdid lc xdpc{miohc% Hm on}cl idhd s}m me ml kc{d hm lc{ xocrohc{, ld{ zckomexm{ s}m {de xpcxchd{ kde ho}pïxokd{ hml c{c {}mlme pms}mpop {}zlmimexd{ hm zdxc{od zcpc mwoxcp zd{o`lm{ kdizlokckodem{ pmlckodechc{ kde lc fozdzdxc{mioc% fozdzdxc{mioc% Ho}pïxokd{ cfdppchdpm{ hm zdxc{od% [de kdiz}m{xd{ s}m z}mhme ckx}cp c hd{ eowmlm{ ho{xoexd{2 3/ kdid `lds}mcexm{ hm ld{ kc) eclm{ pmeclm{ hm Ec! me ml xò`}ld ho{xcl y me ml kdiomerd hml xò`}ld kdlmkxdp, {omehd m{xm ml kc{d hm lc cioldpohc y ml xpocixmpmed, d 0/ kdid cexcndeo{xc{ hm lc clhd{xmpdec me ml xò`}ld kdexdpemchd ho{xcl, kc{d hm lc m{zopdedlckxdec% m{zopdedlckxdec% Me k}cls}omp kc{d, {} kczckohch ecxpo}pïxokc m{ `cbc y zdp mlld {} mgmkxd cexofozmpxme{owd m{ loioxchd% C idhd nmempcl, {de gãpickd{ s}m m{xoi}lce lc ho}pm{o{ {oe zpdwdkcp }ec zïphohc oizdpxcexm hm zdxc{od% Kdid mgmkxd{ chwmp) {d{ kdi}em{, ld{ ho}pïxokd{ cfdppchdpm{ hm zdxc{od z}mhme zpdwdkcp fozmpzdxc{mioc% Lc cioldpohc y ml xpocixmpmed z}mhme z}mhme zpdh}kop howmp{d{ xp c{xdped{ nc{xpdoexm{xoeclm{ nc{xpdoexm{xoeclm{ xclm{ kdid ec}{mc{, wûioxd{, hocppmc d m{xpmóoiomexd, {mnòe ml kc{d% Me cln}ed{ kc{d{ i}y zcpxok}lc) pm{, ml xpocixmpmed z}mhm oeh}kop cemioc imncld`lã{xokc% Lc m{zopdedlckxdec, zdp {} zcpxm, z}mhm zpdwdkcp òlkmpc nã{xpokc y noemkdic{xoc &kpmkoiomexd zcxdlûnokd zcxdlûnokd hml wm{xonod icicpod hml wcpûe/% K}cls}omp zckomexm {dimxohd c xpcxciomexd kde ho}pïxokd{ cfdppchdpm{ hm zdxc{od hm`m mwoxcp ml }{d kdeb}exd hm oefo`ohdpm{ hm lc MKC, zdp {}{ oizpmwo{o`lm{ oexmpckkodem{% Chmiã{, xci`oïe {m hm`m mwoxcp me lc imhohc hm ld zd{o`lm lc oenm{xc hm {clm{ hm pïnoime &{clm{ pokc{ me zdxc{od/% Gãpickd{ cexokdcn}lcexm{% Ld{ gãpickd{ cexokdcn}lcexm{ {de kdiz}m{xd{ s}m ckxòce kdid `lds}mcexm{ hm lc kdcn}lckoûe% G}ehcimexclimexm, zdhmid{ ho{xoen}op hd{ kcxmndpéc{ ho{xoexc{2 3/ fmzcpoec{, kdid zdp mbmizld lc medvczcpoec y lc hclxmzcpoec, y 0/ cexokdcn}lcexm{ dpclm{ d hok}icpéeokd{, kdid zdp mbmizld ml ckm) edk}icpdl y lc ~cpgcpoec% C idhd nmempcl, {m }xolorce zcpc zpmwmeop lc gdpickoûe hm xpdi`d{ d kdã) n}ld{ zcxdlûnokd{, fmkfd i}y oizdpxcexm c eowml kdpdecpod y kmpm`pcl% Me m{xd{ np}zd{ hm imhokc) imexd{ hm`m hm fckmp{m }e kdexpdl hml xomizd hm kdcn}lckoûe zcpc mwoxcp }e mvkm{d hm ckxowohch y kdid kde{mk}mekoc lc czcpokoûe hm fmidppcnoc{% Lc{ fmzcpoec{ clcpnce ml xomizd hm kdcn}lckoûe y {m chioeo{xpce imhocexm oeymkkoûe {}`k}xãemc% M{xm fmkfd {}mlm pm{}lxcp zpd`lmiãxokd me cln}ed{ zckomexm{ {}{kmzxo`lm{ {}{kmzxo`lm{ y, zdp ld xcexd, me m{xd{ kc{d{ {m pmk}ppm cl }{d hm cexokdcn}lcexm{ dpclm{% C idhd nmempcl, chmiã{ hm zd{o`lm{ xpc{xdped{ fmidppãnokd{, lc{ fmzcpoec{ z}mhme zpdwdkcp xpdi) `dkoxdzmeoc &{ox}ckoûe fmicxdlûnokc cedpicl me lc s}m ml eòimpd hm zlcs}mxc{ m{xã ho{ioe}ohd, hm) `ohd c lc hm{xp}kkoûe hml xmbohd mpoxpdkéxokd me lc iïh}lc û{mc, zdp kompxc{ megmpimhchm{ emdzlã{okc{ emdzlã{okc{ d zdp lc pm{z}m{xc oei}edlûnokc c }e imhokcimexd/% Lc{ hok}icpoec{, zdp {} zcpxm, xci`oïe z}mhme zpdh}kop fmidppcnoc{% Chmiã{, {de cnmexm{ xmpcxûnmed{, zdp ld s}m me i}bmpm{ mi`cpcrchc{ {} }{d ed m{xã pmkdimehchd, z}m{xd s}m cxpcwom{ce lc zlckmexc y z}mhme zpdh}kop mgmkxd{ chwmp{d{ npcwm{ me ml gmxd kdid fmidppcnoc{ y c`dpxd m{zdexãemd%
) 77 )
Gãpickd{ go`poedléxokd{ d xpdi`dléxokd{% Ld{ gãpickd{ go`poedléxokd{ d xpdi`dléxokd{ {de kdiz}m{xd{ kczckm{ hm hm{xp}op }e xpdi`d d kdãn}ld hm dponme zcxdlûnokd zpmwocimexm gdpichd, zdp ld s}m p m{}lxce i}y òxolm{ me ml xpcxciomexd hml oegcp) xd cn}hd hm iodkcphod% C idhd nmempcl, ml {o{xmic go`poedléxokd mehûnmed {m ckxowc zdp lc zpm{mekoc hm }e xpdi`d oexpcwc{k}lcp, kdewopxomehd ml hmedioechd zlc{ioeûnmed me zlc{ioec, {}{xcekoc kde npce zdhmp go`poedléxokd% M{xc pmckkoûe z}mhm hm{mekchmecp{m gcpickdlûnokcimexm zpdh}komehd }e m{xchd hm "lo{o{ {o{xïiokc", d `ome, dk}ppop {mlmkxowcimexm c eowml hml xpdi`d hm go`poec, hmzmehomehd hml gãpickd mizlmchd% Eoen}ed hm m{xd{ gãpickd{ hogmpmekoc mexpm }e xpdi`d dkl}{owd y }e kdãn}ld fmid{xã{okd, zdp ld s}m z}mhme zpdh}kop fmidppcnoc{ c k}cls}omp eowml {o ho{}mlwm }ed hm m{xd{ kdãn}ld{% C idhd nmempcl, ld{ gãpickd{ go`poedléxokd{ iã{ fc`ox}clm{ {de lc m{xpmzxds}oec{c, lc }pd) s}oec{c y lc clxmzlc{c% Lc m{xpmzxds}oec{c m{xpmzxds}oec{c m{ }e ckxowchdp mvûnmed hml {o{xmic go`poedléxokd f}iced s}m m{ kczcr hm kdi`oecp{m kde ml zlc{ioeûnmed mehûnmed, zcpc gdpicp }e kdizlmbd ckxowchdp s}m, c {} wmr, kcxclorc lc kdewmp{oûe hml zlc{ioeûnmed zlc{ioeûnmed kopk}lcexm me zlc{ioec% [} hd{o{ xpdi`dléxokc zpdh}km }e mvkm{d hm zlc{ioec, s}m hm{`dphc ml {o{xmic cexozlc{ioec mehûnmed, zpdwdkcehd }e m{xchd léxokd {o{xïiokd kcpckxmporchd zdp lc lo{o{ hm xdhd{ ld{ xpdi`d{ gpm{kd{% Lc icydpéc hm ld{ oe) howoh}d{ zpm{mexce kompxd eowml hm cexok}mpzd{ cexom{xpmzxds}oec{c yc gdpichd{, s}m hce l}ncp c lm) wm{ pmckkodem{ clïpnokc{ &pmckkodem{ oei}ednïeokc{/% Hm{z}ï{ hm lc chioeo{xpckoûe {m hm{cppdllce cexok}mpzd{ em}xpclorchdpm{ em}xpclorchdpm{ gpmexm c lc m{xpmzxds}oec{c, s}m zmp{o{xme h}pcexm clpmhmhdp hm k}cxpd d koekd cód{% Lc }pds}oec{c m{ }e go`poedléxokd s}m zpm{mexc }e imedp eòimpd hm kdizlokckodem{ fmidppãnokc{ y hm pmckkodem{ clïpnokc{% [} zpoekozcl oekdewmeomexm m{ {} clxd kd{xm% Lc clxmzlc{c, pïzlokc hm }ec zpdxméec s}m m{ zpdh}kohc hm gdpic ecx}pcl zdp ml dpnceo{id f}iced me kcexohchm{ mvxpmichcimexm zms}móc{, m{ }e ckxowchdp xo{}lcp hml zlc{ioeûnmed pmkdi`oecexm% Ed hc l}ncp c pmckkodem{ clïpnokc{ kdid lc m{xpmzxds}oec{c% Lc kcpckxmpé{xokc g}ehcimexcl hm lc clxmzlc{c m{ {} clxd npchd hm cgoeohch zdp lc go`poec y, cl {mp }e zdxmexm ckxowchdp hml zlc{ioeûnmed, hc l}ncp c {} hmnpchckoûe hmnpchckoûe me ml xpdi`d, m{zmkogokohch s}m lm hogmpmekoc hm dxpd{ xpdi`dléxokd{% Ckxòc {ûld {d`pm ml zlc{ioeûnmed me zpm{mekoc hm go`poec me ml xpdi`d y ed {d`pm ml zlc{ioeûnmed kopk}lcexm% Me k}cl) s}omp kc{d, chmiã{ hm lc{ pmckkodem{ clïpnokc{ zpdh}kohc{ zdp lc m{xpmzxds}oec{c, ld{ òeokd{ mgmk) xd{ chwmp{d{ s}m z}mhme czcpmkmp xpc{ ml }{d hm cnmexm{ go`poedléxokd{ {de fmidppcnoc{ {o{xïiokc{% Me ld{ kc{d{ iã{ npcwm{, z}mhme zpdwdkcp fmidppcnoc{ fmidppcnoc{ idpxclm{ c eowml kmpm`pcl% Gãpickd{ cexozlcs}mxcpod{% Ld{ gãpickd{ cexozlcs}mxcpod{ {de kdiz}m{xd{ kczckm{ hm oefo`op lc ckxowohch zlcs}mxcpoc, zlcs}mxcpoc, oizlokchc me ld{ zpdkm{d{ hm fmid{xc{oc zpoicpoc% zpoicpoc% Lc fmid{xc{oc zpoicpoc xomehm c kde{mn}op lc gdpickoûe hm }e kdãn}ld pm{o{xmexm kczcr hm kmppcp }ec zd{o`lm ho{kdexoe}ohch me ml {o{xmic wc{k}lcp y hmxmemp lc {clohc hm lc {cenpm% ]ec fmid{xc{oc mgmkxowc hmzmehm hm }ec{ kdizlmbc{ oexmpckkodem{ mexpm zcpmh wc{k}lcp, zlcs}mxc{ y howmp{c{ zpdxméec{ zlc{iãxokc{ oizlokchc{ oizlokchc{ me lc kdcn}lckoûe kdcn}lckoûe &gckxdpm{ zlc{iã) xokd{/% Ld{ cexozlcs}mxcpod{ iã{ fc`ox}clm{ {de ml hozopohcidl, ml ãkohd ckmxol{clokélokd &CC[/, lc xokld) zohoec y ml kldzohdnpml% Ml hozopohcidl z}mhm zpdwdkcp, me cln}ec{ dkc{odem{, icpmd{ y howmp{d{ xpc{) xdped{ nc{xpdoexm{xoeclm{, xclm{ kdid ec}{mc{, wûioxd{ y hocppmc{% [} chioeo{xpckoûe oefo`m lc ch) fm{oûe hm lc{ zlcs}mxc{ cl {}`mehdxmlod wc{k}lcp, c{é kdid lc ckxowckoûe zlcs}mxcpoc oeh}kohc zdp ml kdexckxd hm lc {cenpm kde {}zmpgokom{ cpxogokoclm{% Ml CC[, cizlocimexm }xolorchd kdid cexooeglcicxd) pod ed m{xmpdohmd &COEM/, ckxòc oizohomehd lc gdpickoûe hm zpd{xcnlcehoec{ &ZN/ me ml dpnceo{id, yc s}m oefo`m hm gdpic ed m{zmkégokc lc meroic koklddvonmec{c &KDV/% Lc{ zpd{xcnlcehoec{ {m zpd) h}kme me pm{z}m{xc c }ec lm{oûe, d c kompxc{ megmpimhchm{, y zpdwdkce oeglcickoûe y hdldp% Chm) iã{, ml CC[ ckxòc oizohomehd lc cnpmnckoûe hm lc{ zlcs}mxc{% Hm m{xc icempc, pmh}km lc zpd`c`olo) hch hm s}m {m gdpime kdãn}ld{ me lc {cenpm, ld k}cl m{ oizdpxcexm me hmxmpioechc{ {ox}ckodem{ {ox}ckodem{ klé) eokc{% Zdp pmnlc nmempcl, ed {}mlm zpdh}kop pmckkodem{ chwmp{c{1 òeokcimexm me xpcxciomexd{ kpûeo) kd{ c hd{o{ mlmwchc{ z}mhm kdeh}kop c }e k}chpd hm {clokolo{id s}m {m kcpckxmporc zdp xoeox}{ &p}ohd me ld{ déhd{/, kmgclmc, zïphohc hm c}hokoûe, wïpxond, kdeg}{oûe imexcl, ec}{mc{, wûioxd{ y hocppmc% K}cehd {m chioeo{xpce {clokolcxd{ kdid lc c{zopoec hm gdpic kdeb}exc kde hmxmpioechd{ gãpickd{ cexokdcn}lcexm{ &zdp mbmizld, ckmedk}icpdl/ {m z}mhm cnpcwcp }e m{xchd fmidppãnokd% Lc xokldzoho) ec ckxòc oefo`omehd lc }eoûe zlcs}mxcpoc% Me cln}ec{ dkc{odem{, z}mhm zpdwdkcp cnpce}ldkoxd{o{, lm}kdzmeoc, lm}kdzmeoc, xpdi`dkoxdzmeoc, kompxc{ idlm{xoc{ honm{xowc{ &hocppmc y ec}{mc{/ m oekl}{d fmzcxoxo{% M{) xd{ mgmkxd{ chwmp{d{, nmempclimexm, {m iceogom{xce me ld{ zpoimpd{ im{m{ hm xpcxciomexd% Ml kldzo) hdnpml, zdp dxpc zcpxm, m{ oeckxowd “oe woxpd’ y pms}ompm }ec ckxowckoûe fmzãxokc zcpc mbmpkmp {}{ mgmk) xd{ kdid cexocnpmncexm zlcs}mxcpod% Ml imxc`dloxd ckxowd oefo`m {mlmkxowc m oppmwmp{o`lmimexm lc cnpmnckoûe zlcs}mxcpoc% Hchd s}m ml imxc`dloxd ckxowd hml kldzohdnpml idhogokc hm gdpic oppmwmp{o`lm ml pmkmzxdp zlcs}mxcpod, lc{ zlcs}mxc{ mvz}m{xc{ cl gãpickd zmpicemkme clxmpchc{ ml pm{xd hm {} wo) hc% Me cln}ed{ kc{d{ z}mhm zpdwdkcp kompxd{ xpc{xdped{ fmidppãnokd{, chmiã{ hm cnpce}ldkoxd{o{, xpdi`dkoxdzmeoc, xpdi`dkoxdzmeoc, hdldp c`hdioecl, c`hdioecl, ho{zmz{oc, nc{xpoxo{ y m{xpmóoiomexd%
) 7> )
XXMMIC IC 007% zcp cxd p pm{zopcxdpod% m{zop cxdp od% 077%% C Czcpcxd Lc pm{zopckoûe m{ }e zpdkm{d oewdl}excpod y c}xdiãxokd, me s}m {m mvxpcm ml D 0 hml copm oe{zopchd y {m mv) z}l{ce ld{ nc{m{ hm hm{mkfd kde ml copm m{zopchd% Ml copm {m oefclc zdp lc ecpor, hdehm {m kclomexc y f}im) hmkm% L}mnd, zc{c c lc gcpoenm, {on}m zdp lc lcpoenm y zmemxpc me lc xpãs}mc% C kdexoe}ckoûe, lc xpãs}mc {m howohm me hd{ `pdes}od{, s}m {m howohme hm e}mwd, }ec y dxpc wmr, me `pdes}od{ {mk}ehcpod{, xmpkocpod{ y, goeclimexm, me }ed{ 0=:%::: `pdes}odld{% Cl goecl, ld{ `pdes}odld{ {m cnp}zce me pckoid{ hm clwmdld{ z}l) idecpm{, zms}mód{ {ckd{ hm copm, hdehm {m pmclorc ml oexmpkci`od hm nc{m{ kde lc {cenpm% Lc pm{zopckoûe k}izlm kde hd{ gc{m{ {}km{owc{, mgmkx}chc{ npckoc{ c lc ckkoûe i}{k}lcp hml hocgpcnic y hm ld{ iò{k}ld{ oexmpkd{xclm{, kdexpdlchd{ mgokcrimexm zdp ml kmexpd pm{zopcxdpod hml `}l`d pcs}éhmd% Me lc oe{zopckoûe, ml hocgpcnic {m kdexpcm y ld{ iò{k}ld{ oexmpkd{xclm{ {m mlmwce y me{cekfce lc{ kd{xollc{% Lc kcbc xdpãkokc ncec wdl}ime y zmemxpc copm hml mvxmpodp zcpc llmecp m{xm m{zckod% H}pcexm lc m{zopckoûe, ml hocgpcnic {m pmlcbc y lc{ kd{xollc{ hm{komehme y {m hm{zlcrce fckoc ml oexmpodp% Lc kcbc xdpãkokc ho{ioe}ym {} kczckohch y ld{ z}l) idem{ hmbce m{kczcp ml copm fckoc ml mvxmpodp% Ml czcpcxd pm{zopcxdpod m{ kczcr hm kczxcp ml D 0, emkm{cpod zcpc mbmpkmp lc{ g}ekodem{ hml dpnceo{id, y mloioecp ml KD 0 zpdh}kohd kdid zpdh}kxd hm hm{mkfd me xdhc{ lc{ kïl}lc{% Ml D0 xdichd me ld{ clwïdld{ z}lidecpm{ m{ llmwchd zdp ld{ nlû`}ld{ pdbd{ hm lc {cenpm fc{xc ml kdpcrûe y hm{z}ï{ ho{xpo`}ohd zdp lc{ cpxmpoc{ c xdhc{ lc{ kïl}lc{ hml k}mpzd% Ml KD 0, zdp {} zcpxm, m{ pmkd) nohd zdp ld{ nlû`}ld{ pdbd{ y ml zlc{ic y m{ xpce{zdpxchd zdp lc{ wmec{ kcwc{ fc{xc ml kdpcrûe, l}ncp hm{hm ml k}cl m{ llmwchd c ld{ z}lidem{ zcpc {mp mloioechd cl mvxmpodp%
Hm gdpic nmempcl, ml xc`ckd, ml f}id, ld{ kdexcioecexm{ cxid{gïpokd{, lc{ oegmkkodem{ hm lc{ wéc{ pm{zopcxd) poc{, cln}ed{ oppoxcexm{ oem{zmkégokd{, ml m{xpï{ y howmp{d{ gckxdpm{ midkodeclm{, chmiã{ hm i}kfd{ imho) kcimexd{ y clmpnoc{ &ãkcpd{, zûlmem{, zdlwd, zcpxék}lc{ ceoiclm{, fdend{, m{zdpc{, npciéemc{, mxk%/ z}mhme {mp kc}{c hopmkxc hm kpo{o{ {d`pm ml czcpcxd pm{zopcxdpod% pm{zopcxdpod% M{xc{ kpo{o{ {}mlme iceogm{xcp{m me gdpic hm e}im) pd{c{ megmpimhchm{% Ld{ zpoekozclm{ gãpickd{ }xolorchd{ me ml xpcxciomexd hm lc{ megmpimhchm{ pmlckodec) hc{ kde ml {o{xmic pm{zopcxdpod {de, g}ehcimexclimexm2 g}ehcimexclimexm2 Cexoc{iãxokd{% Hm{kdenm{xodecexm{ Hm{kdenm{xodecexm{ chpmeïpnokd{ chpmeïpnokd{ xûzokd{% mvzmkxdpcexm{% I}kdléxokd{ y mvzmkxdpcexm{% Cexox}{énmed{% zmpk}xãemd{% @cl{ãiokd{ zmpk}xãemd{% Cexofo{xciéeokd{%
Cexoc{iãxokd{% Ml c{ic m{ }ec megmpimhch pm{zopcxdpoc kcpckxmporchc zdp oeglcickoûe oeglcickoûe kpûeokc hm lc{ wéc{ cïpmc{, c eowml hm lc i}kd{c `pdes}ocl, s}m kc}{c mzo{dhod{ pmk}ppmexm{ hm ho{emc &{me{ckoûe hm gclxc hm copm/, {o`olcekoc{ &zoxohd{ me ml zmkfd kde lc pm{zopckoûe/, xd{ y {me{ckoûe hm dzpm{oûe me ml zmkfd% Lc{ zp}m`c{ hm g}ekoûe pm{zopcxdpoc &m{zopdimxpéc/ me ml idimexd hm }ec kpo{o{ hmi}m{xpce d`{xp}kkoûe cl gl}bd cïpmd s}m imbdpc {oneogokcxowcimexm, {oneogokcxowcimexm, {oed hml xdhd, kde cnmexm{ `pdekdholcxchdpm{% `pdekdholcxchdpm{%
) 76 )
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@c{m{ vãexokc{ &vcexoec{/% Kdizpmehme }e np}zd hm gãpickd{, kczckm{ hm {mp chioeo{xpchd{ zdp wéc dpcl d zdp wéc zcpme) xmpcl, s}m ckxòce kdid `pdekdholcxchdpm{ `pdekdholcxchdpm{ hopmkxd{ y s}m mbmpkme kompxd{ mgmkxd{ cexooeglcicxdpod{ c eowml `pdes}ocl% [m fc hmid{xpchd s}m lc chmed{oec dkc{odec lc kdexpckkoûe hml iò{k}ld lo{d hm lc{ wéc{ pm{zopcxdpoc{ y m{xoi}lc lc lo`mpckoûe hm fo{xcioec c zcpxop hm lc{ k ïl}lc{ zpm{mexm{ me ml z}liûe% M{xd{ mgmkxd{ z}mhme {mp cexcndeorchd{ zdp howmp{d{ gãpickd{ hmpowchd{ hm lc{ vcexoec{, me m{zmkocl zdp lc xmdgoloec, }ec imxolvcexoec, lc k}cl `lds}mc ld{ pmkmzxdpm{ hm lc chm) ed{oec me lc {}zmpgokom kml}lcp% Lc xmdgoloec, c hd{o{ hocpoc{ {}zmpodpm{ c 0: ½n$il, z}mhm zpdwd) kcp lc czcpokoûe hm howmp{d{ mgmkxd{ chwmp{d{1 c hd{o{ {}zmpodpm{ c 8: ½n$il ld{ mgmkxd{ emncxo) wd{ z}mhme llmncp c {mp i}y npcwm{% Me m{xm {mexohd, m{ }e gãpickd hm m{xpmkfd icpnme xmpc) zï}xokd1 chmiã{, hchd s}m ml oeokod hm {} ckkoûe gcpickdlûnokc m{ lmexd, ed {}mlm }xolorcp{m h}) pcexm lc{ kpo{o{ cn}hc{ hm c{ic% Ld{ zpoekozclm{ mgmkxd{ chwmp{d{ hm lc xmdgoloec y {}{ hmpowchd{ &cioedgoloec, xmdgoloecxd hm kdloec, mxk%/ {de, g}ehcimexclimexm2 g}ehcimexclimexm2 C eowml nc{xpdoexm{xoecl z}mhm zpdh}kop ec}{mc{, wûioxd{, hocppmc, fmidppcnoc oexm{xoecl y hdldp c`hdioecl% Me ld{ kc{d{ iã{ npcwm{ z}mhm czcpmkmp }e oizdpxcexm k}chpd hm hm{fohpcxckoûe% oppoxc`olohch, oexpces}olohch m oe{dieod% oe{dieod% Me ld{ kc{d{ iã{ C eowml hml [EK z}mhm zpdh}kop oppoxc`olohch, npcwm{ z}mhme czcpmkmp kdew}l{odem{, cl}koeckodem{, cl}koeckodem{, k}chpd{ iceéckd{ m oekl}{d kdic m fozmpxmpioc% Me eoód{ z}mhm zpdwdkcp hmzpm{oûe m fozmpckxowohch% C eowml kcphodwc{k}lcp z}mhm zpdh}kop xcs}okcphoc m fozdxme{oûe% Me ld{ kc{d{ iã{ npc) wm{ z}mhme czcpmkmp cppoxioc{ kcphéckc{% C eowml k}xãemd z}mhme czcpmkmp mp}zkodem{% Lc xmdgoloec y {}{ hmpowchd{ {m imxc`dlorce me ml dpnceo{id npckoc{ cl {o{xmic koxdkpdid Z8=:, c eowml fmzãxokd% Me m{xm {mexohd, megmpimhchm{ fmzãxokc{, oe{}gokomekoc{ kcphéckc{ kdenm{xo) wc{, gom`pm{ zpdldenchc{ m oegmkkodem{ wopclm{ z}mhme ho{ioe}op lc wmldkohch hm mloioeckoûe hml gãpickd me ml dpnceo{id% Cln}ed{ cexo`oûxokd{, kdid lc{ s}oedldec{ cexo`ckxmpocec{ y lc mpoxpd) iokoec gcwdpmkme lc ck}i}lckoûe hm lc xmdgoloec me ml dpnceo{id% Cexokdloeïpnokd{% Kdizpmehme }e np}zd hm gãpickd{, kczckm{ hm {mp chioeo{xpchd{ zdp wéc oefclcxdpoc d zdp wéc dpcl, s}m òeokcimexm ckxòce kdid `pdekdholcxchdpm{ `pdekdholcxchdpm{ hopmkxd{% [}mlme {mp òxolm{ me ml xpcxciome) xd hm {mn}ehc léemc hm lc{ kpo{o{ cn}hc{ hm c{ic, kdid kdchy}wcexm hm ld{ ΰ0)chpmeïpnokd{ hm ckkoûe pãzohc% Ld{ gãpickd{ cexokdloeïpnokd{, xci`oïe llcichd{ cexcndeo{xc{ cexcndeo{xc{ i}{kcpéeokd{, {de kdiz}m{xd{ s}m `lds}mce kdizmxoxowcimexm lc ckkoûe hm lc ckmxolkdloec lo`mpchc me lc{ xmpioec) kodem{ s}m llmnce c lc i}{k}lcx}pc lo{c `pdes}ocl% Ld{ iã{ fc`ox}clm{ {de ld{ clkcldohm{ hmpowc) hd{ hm lc cxpdzoec y ml ozpcxpdzod% Hchd s}m {de kdiz}m{xd{ i}y zdlcpm{ y, zdp ld xcexd, hm mlm) wchc fohpd{dl}`olohch, fohpd{dl}`olohch, {}mlme mloioecp{m gãkolimexm zdp ml dpnceo{id, zdp ld s}m {}{ mgmkxd{ ch) wmp{d{ {de zdkd gpmk}mexm{ y nmempclimexm nmempclimexm lmwm{% Me cln}ed{ kc{d{ z}mhme zpdwdkcp mzo{xcvo{ &{cenpchd ec{cl/, {ms}mhch hm `dkc y ncpncexc, wo{oûe `dppd{c m oppoxckoûe hm lc i}kd{c ec{cl% Cexooeglcicxdpod{ `pdes}oclm{% [}mlme }xolorcp{m òeokcimexm kdid iïxdhd zpdgolãkxokd hml c{ic% Ld{ iã{ fc`ox}clm{ {de2 Oefo`ohdpm{ hm lc lo`mpckoûe hm imhochdpm{ hm lc oeglcickoûe% Kdizpmehme }e np}zd hm gãpickd{ s}m oizohme lc lo`mpckoûe hm zpdh}kxd{ oeglcicxdpod{, kdid fo{xcioec, fmzcpoec, oexmplm}koec{, zpd{xcnlcehoec{, zpd{xcnlcehoec{, mxk%, zdp hogmpmexm{ kïl}lc{ zmpxmemkomexm{ zmpxmemkomexm{ cl {o{xmic oei}edlûnokd% oei}edlûnokd% M{x}hod{ me zckomexm{ c{iãxokd{ fce hmid{xpchd s}m howmp{d{ m{xéi}ld{ cexonïeokd{ y ed cexonïeokd{ &mbmpkokod oexme{d, oefclckoûe hm copm gpéd, mxk%/ hm{mekchmece pm{) z}m{xc{ `pdekdm{zã{iokc{ zpdwdkchc{ zdp lc lo`mpckoûe hm imhochdpm{ hm kïl}lc{ oei}edlûno) kc{ km`chc{% Hm m{xd idhd, ml `pdekdm{zc{id c{iãxokd zdhpéc zpmwmeop{m imhocexm gãpickd{ s}m mwoxce lc hm{npce}lckoûe hm lc{ kïl}lc{ km`chc{% M{xd{ gãpickd{ {de i}y gpmk}mexm{ me lc zpmwmekoûe hm cxcs}m{ hm c{ic1 ed {de mgokckm{ h}pcexm ld{ cxcs}m{ cn}hd{% Ml iã{ fc`ox}cl m{ ml kpdidnlokcxd ho{ûhokd, s}m zpmwomem lc lo`mpckoûe hm fo{xcioec zdp ld{ ic{xdkoxd{% Pm{}lxc zdkd mgokcr me ch}lxd{, c}es}m m{ i}y czpdzochd me eoód{ imedpm{ hm 30 cód{ zdp {}{ m{kc) {c{ pmckkodem{ chwmp{c{% Zdp pmnlc nmempcl, ed {m pms}ompm lc oexmpp}zkoûe hml xpcxciomexd% Me cln}ed{ kc{d{, z}mhm zpdh}kop hmpicxoxo{, }pxokcpoc y kdenm{xoûe ec{cl%
) >3 )
Nl}kdkdpxokdohm{% Hm{hm 3?=:, {m fce chioeo{xpchd nl}kdkdpxokdohm{ zdp wéc dpcl d zcpmexmpcl zcpc kdi`cxop ml c{ic kpûeokc npcwm d mvckmp`ckodem{ cn}hc{ m oexme{c{ hml c{ic% Me lc ckx}clohch {de òxolm{ kdid iïxdhd hm zpmwmekoûe hml c{ic `pdes}ocl% Lc ho{zdeo`olohch hm zpm{mexckodem{ zcpc cm) pd{dl imbdpû me npchd mvxpcdphoecpod lc oedk}ohch hm lc czlokckoûe hm nl}kdkdpxokdohm{, ld s}m zmpioxoû }xolorcpld{ xci`oïe me ml c{ic idhmpchc, kde edxc`lm{ pm{}lxchd{ kléeokd{% Ld{ nl}kd) kdpxokdohm{ zd{mme howmp{c{ ckkodem{ `odlûnokc{ s}m cgmkxce ml zpdkm{d oeglcicxdpod, zmpd ld{ imkceo{id{ `ã{okd{ zdp ld{ k}clm{ pmh}kme lc `pdekdppmckxowohch c}e ed fce {ohd cklcpchd{ me {} xdxclohch% [m fce {}nmpohd howmp{d{ imkceo{id{ s}m oekl}yme2 Oefo`okoûe hm lc {éexm{o{ hm imhochdpm{ hm lc oeglcickoûe% Idh}lckoûe hm lc zpdh}kkoûe hm zpd{xcnlcehoec{ y lm}kdxpomed{, kdid LXK8 y LXH8, s}m {de zdxmexm{ `pdekdkde{xpokxdpm{% `pdekdkde{xpokxdpm{% Pmh}kkoûe hml oegl}bd kml}lcp% Ld{ nl}kdkdpxokdohm{ oefo`me lc zpdlogmpckoûe xcexd hm ickpûgc) nd{ kdid hm loegdkoxd{, cl on}cl s}m lc hm lc{ kïl}lc{ zpm{mexchdpc{ hm cexénmed{% Oekpmimexd hm lc ckkoûe hm ld{ cndeo{xc{ chpmeïpnokd{ {d`pm ld{ pmkmzxdpm{ ΰ0 hml iò{k}ld lo{d `pdes}ocl% M{xc`olorckoûe hm lc{ imi`pcec{ imi`pcec{ kml}lcpm{% Xdhc{ m{xc{ ckkodem{ oizlokce s}m ld{ nl}kdkdpxokdohm{ me pmclohch ed z}mhme zpdh}kop pmlcbc) koûe hml iò{k}ld lo{d hm lc{ wéc{ pm{zopcxdpoc{ hm }ec icempc hopmkxc, {oed s}m ho{ioe}yme lc pm) ckxowohch `pdes}ocl, oekpmimexce ml kclo`pm hm lc{ wéc{ cïpmc{ y ho{ioe}yme lc gpmk}mekoc hm lc{ mvckmp`ckodem{ c{iãxokc{ k}cehd {m chioeo{xpce h}pcexm clnòe xomizd% Chioeo{xpchd{ zdp wéc oefclcxdpoc, ld{ nl}kdkdpxokdohm{ z}mhme zpdh}kop oppoxckoûe hm lc{ wéc{ cï) pmc{, xd{ y cgdeéc zdp oeglcickoûe hm lc{ k}mphc{ wdkclm{% Me cln}ed{ kc{d{, z}mhme hmxmpioecp oegmkkodem{ zdp Kcehohc cl`okce{ c eowml dpdgcpéenmd &kcehohoc{o{ dpdgcpéenmc/% Ld{ nl}kdkdpxo) kdohm{ {o{xïiokd{, chioeo{xpchd{ zdp wéc zcpmexmpcl, z}mhme ckx}cp hmzpoiomehd ml mbm fozdxãlc) id)fozdgo{dchpmecl id)fozdgo{dchpmecl &FFC/, zpdh}komehd clxmpckodem{ clxmpckodem{ hml ãeoid y hml czmxoxd c kdpxd zlcrd% C lcp) nd zlcrd, z}mhm czcpmkmp cxpdgoc hm lc nlãeh}lc chpmecl% Lc kdizlokckoûe iã{ npcwm xomem l}ncp xpc{ oexmpp}izop `p}{kcimexm lc chioeo{xpckoûe hm nl}kdkdpxokdohm{ xpc{ }e }{d zpdldenchd, z}m{xd s}m z}mhm czcpmkmp oe{}gokomekoc {}zpcppmecl cn}hc, hm`ohd c }ec {}zpm{oûe hml mbm FFC% [o ml xpcxciomexd m{ kdpxd &3)0 {micec{/, lc g }ekoûe chpmecl {m pmk}zmpc% Lc hmzpm{oûe hml mbm FFC hmzmehm hm lc hd{o{ chioeo{xpchc y hml xozd hm nl}kdkdpxokdohm czlokchd, chmiã{ hm lc h}pckoûe hml xpcxciomexd y lc wéc hm chioeo{xpckoûe% Me m{xm {mexohd, {m pmkdiomehc chioeo{xpcp lc iéeoic hd{o{ mgmkxowc, }xolorcehd nl}kdkdpxokdohm{ nl}kdkdpxokdohm{ hm ckkoûe oexmpimhoc, kdid lc zpmheo{dldec1 zpmheo{dldec1 chmiã{, me lc imhohc hm ld zd{o`lm, hm`m mwoxcp{m }ec {}{zme{oûe `p}{kc hml xpcxciomexd% [m fc kdizpd`chd s}m hd{o{ hm nl}kdkdpxokdohm{ {}zmpodpm{ c 3:: in$héc h}pcexm 0 {micec{ z}m) hme zpdwdkcp lc czcpokoûe hml hmedioechd {éehpdim hm K}{foen, kcpckxmporchd zdp kcpc hm l}ec llmec, d`m{ohch hm ho{xpo`}koûe kmexpcl s}m cgmkxc c kcpc, k}mlld y c`hdime, cxpdgoc i}{k}lcp hm mvxpmiohchm{, mvxpmiohchm{, fozmpxme{oûe cpxmpocl, hoc`mxm{ imllox}{, d{xmdzdpd{o{, kûlokd{ emgpéxokd{ y gpcnolohch kczolcp s}m zpdh}km fmicxdic{ gpmk}mexm{% Hm gdpic nmempcl, dxpd{ mgmkxd{ chwmp{d{ zpdh}kohd{ h}pcexm ml xpcxciomexd kpûeokd kde nl}kd) kdpxokdohm{ {de2 czcpmkmp fozmpnl}kmioc y nl}kd{}poc, oexdlmpcekoc c lc nl}kd{c, C eowml imxc`ûlokd z}mhm czcpmkmp pmho{xpo`}koûe ceûiclc hm lc npc{c &k}mlld hm `ògcld, kcpc hm l}ec llmec, d`m{ohch c`) hdioecl, mxk%/, fozdzdxc{mioc, pmxmekoûe fohpd{cloec y `clcekm hm kclkod emncxowd% Me cl) n}ed{ kc{d{ z}mhm czcpmkmp oefo`okoûe hm lc {éexm{o{ hm kdlãnmed, zpdh}komehd gpcnolo) hch kczolcp y pmxpc{d me lc kokcxporckoûe hm fmpohc{ y m{xpéc{ wc{k}lcpm{% czcpmkmp fozmpxme{oûe cpxmpocl m fozmpxme{oûe oexpckpcemcl% oexpckpcemcl% C eowml kcphodwc{k}lcp z}mhm czcpmkmp C eowml fdpidecl z}mhm pmxpc{cp{m ml kpmkoiomexd me eoód{ y, me i}bmpm{, z}mhme czc) pmkmp clxmpckodem{ ime{xp}clm{ y howmp{d{ {oned{ hm fozmpcehpdnmeo{id, xclm{ kdid ck) eï, zoml npc{c, fop{}xo{id &kpmkoiomexd mvkm{owd hm wmlld/ m fozdndecho{id% fozdndecho{id% em}pdz{os}oãxpokd z}mhm czcpmkmp oppoxc`olohch, oe{dieod, m}gdpoc, hmzpm{oûe m oe) C eowml em}pdz{os}oãxpokd kl}{d z{okd{o{% C eowml d{xmdcpxok}lcp z}mhme czcpmkmp iodzcxéc{, cxpdgoc i}{k}lcp, d{xmdzdpd{o{ y em) kpd{o{ wc{k}lcp û{mc% C eowml dk}lcp z}mhme czcpmkmp kcxcpcxc{ zdp c}imexd hm lc zpm{oûe oexpcdk}lcp% Ld{ nl}kdkdpxokdohm{ m{xãe kdexpcoehokchd{ kdexpcoehokchd{ me zckomexm{ fozmpxme{owd{, hoc`ïxokd{, x}`mpk}ld{d{ y z{okûxokd{, chmiã{ hm cs}mlld{ zchmkmhdpm{ hm nlc}kdic dk}lcp% Ld{ nl}kdkdpxokdohm{ iã{ fc`ox}clm{ {de, g}ehcimexclimexm, lc imxolzpmheo{dldec, lc zpmheo{d) ldec, lc `mxcimxc{dec, ml ckmxcxd hm kdpxo{dec, lc kld`mxc{dec, lc `mkldimxc{dec, lc gl}xokc{dec y lc `}hm{deohc%
) >0 )
Hm{kdenm{xodecexm{ chpmeïpnokd{ xûzokd{% Ld{ hm{kdenm{xodecexm{ chpmeïpnokd{ xûzokd{ kdizpmehme }e np}zd hm gãpickd{ }xolorchd{ zcpc c}imexcp lc wmexolckoûe c eowml ec{cl me zpdkm{d{ hm kdenm{xoûe hm lc{ wéc{ pm{zopcxdpoc{ {}zmpodpm{ &{oe}{oxo{, poeoxo{, mxk%/% [} imkceo{id hm ckkoûe {m `c{c me m{xoi}lcp ld{ pmkmzxdpm{ γ)chpmeïpnokd{ {ox}chd{ me lc{ imi) `pcec{ hm lc{ kïl}lc{ i}{k}lcpm{ lo{c{ s}m pdhmce ld{ {oe}{dohm{, }ed{ wc{d{ wmed{d{ i}y m{zmkoclorchd{ {ox}chd{ me lc kcwohch ec{cl, ho{ioe}ymehd ml gl}bd {cen}éemd y zpdh}komehd }ec wc{dkde{xpokkoûe hm lc i}kd{c ec{cl% Ml kdexmeohd {cen}éemd hm lc{ {oe}{dohm{ hmxmpioec ml m{xchd hm fmekfoiomexd hm lc i}kd{c ec{cl% C{é, lc ecpor m{xcpã kdenm{xodechc {o lc{ {oe}{dohm{ m{xãe llmec{, y hm{kdenm{xodechc k}cexd m{xãe wckéc{% @ã{okcimexm, me lc{ imi`pcec{ hm lc{ kïl}lc{ i}{k}lcpm{ lo{c{ s}m pdhmce lc{ {oe}{dohm{ czcpm) kme xpm{ xozd{ hm pmkmzxdpm{ γ)chpmeïpnokd{2 Pmkmzxdpm{ γ3)chpmeïpnokd{ zd{x{oeãzxokd{% [de m{zmkoclimexm {me{o`lm{ c lc lo`mpckoûe hm edpchpmecloec &EC/ c zcpxop hm lc{ go`pc{ empwod{c{ {oizãxokc{% Pmkmzxdpm{ γ0)chpmeïpnokd{ zpm{oeãzxokd{% [de pm{zde{c`lm{ hml pmxpdkdexpdl oefo`oxdpod hm lc lo`mpckoûe hm edpchpmecloec edpchpmecloec &EC/% Pmkmzxdpm{ γ0)chpmeïpnokd{ zd{x{oeãzxokd{% [de {me{o`lm{ c lc chpmecloec, zpdh}kohc zdp lc iïh}lc chpmecl hm lc{ kãz{}lc{ {}zpcppmeclm{% Xcexd lc ckxowckoûe hm ld{ pmkmzxdpm{ γ3)chpmeïpnokd{ kdid hm ld{ γ0)chpmeïpnokd{ zpdh}km lc kdexpckkoûe hm lc{ kïl}lc{ i}{k}lcpm{ wc{k}lcpm{ y pmh}kme ml kdexmeohd hm {cenpm hm lc i}kd{c, zpdwdkcehd kde mlld lc hm{kdenm{xoûe hm ï{xc y ml c}imexd hml gl}bd cïpmd% Hm ld{ xpm{ xozd{ hm pmkmzxdpm{, ld{ γ0)chpmeïpnokd{ {de ld{ zpoekozclm{ pm{zde{c`lm{ pm{zde{c`lm{ hml kdexpdl hml zpdkm{d% Ld{ hm{kdenm{xodecexm{ chpmeïpnokd{ xûzokd{ iã{ fc`ox}clm{ {de lc gmeolmgpoec, lc imxdvcioec, lc ecgcrdlo) ec, lc dvoimxcrdloec, lc xpcicrdloec y lc voldimxcrdloec% Hm xdhd{ m{xd{ cnmexm{ gcpickdlûnokd{, lc imxdvc) ioec m{ ml imed{ {mlmkxowd, yc s}m ckxòc xcexd {d`pm pmkmzxdpm{ γ3)chpmeïpnokd{ )chpmeïpnokd{ kdid γ0)chpmeïpnokd{, {o `ome m{ clnd iã{ ckxowd {d`pm ld{ zpoimpd{% Iã{ {mlmkxowc m{ lc gmeolmgpoec, }e cndeo{xc γ3)chpmeïpnokd, )chpmeïpnokd, k}yd }{d kdid hm{kdenm{xowd m{xã me hmklowm, c}es}m còe {m mizlmc me kléeokc% [oe mi`cpnd, ld{ hm{kdenm{xo) wd{ ec{clm{ iã{ mizlmchd{ {de ld{ cndeo{xc{ γ0)chpmeïpnokd{, s}m zpdh}kme mgmkxd{ iã{ zdxmexm{, h}pc) hmpd{ y {mlmkxowd{% [}mlm zpmgmpop{m lc chioeo{xpckoûe xûzokc ec{cl c lc dpcl &{o{xïiokc/, yc s}m m{xc òlxoic zpmko{c hd{o{ s}m z}mhme zpdh}kop icydpm{ mgmkxd{ chwmp{d{% Ld{ cndeo{xc{ γ0)chpmeïpnokd{ }xolorchd{ kdid hm{kdenm{xowd{ ec{clm{ hmpowce hm lc kldeohoec, {omehd ml gãpickd hm pmgmpmekoc lc dvoimxcrdloec% ]ed hm ld{ zpoekozclm{ mgmkxd{ chwmp{d{ hm ld{ hm{kdenm{xodecexm{ chpmeïpnokd{ m{ lc kdenm{xoûe ec{cl hm pm`dxm, k}cehd ho{ioe}ym ml mgmkxd wc{dkde{xpokxdp oeokocl {d`pm lc i}kd{c ec{cl% Zcpmkm s}m ld imbdp zcpc mwoxcp lc kdenm{xoûe hm pm`dxm m{ ed c`}{cp hm ld{ hm{kdenm{xowd{ chpmeïpnokd{ xûzokd{ &m{xd{ gãpickd{ ed hm`me }xolorcp{m h}pcexm iã{ hm = héc{ {mn}ohd{/% Ld{ chpmeïpnokd{ {o{xïiokd{ ed {}mlme dkc{odecp kdenm{) xoûe hm pm`dxm y zpdh}kme }ec wc{dkde{xpokkoûe iã{ h}pchmpc y kdizlmxc &fcy rdec{ hm lc i}kd{c ec{cl y zcpcec{cl s}m ed {m clkcerce me czlokckoûe xûzokc/% [oe mi`cpnd, {} ckkoûe m{ iã{ lmexc y, {d`pm xdhd, z}mhm zpdh}kop }ec wc{dkde{xpokkoûe zmpogïpokc nmempclorchc s}m, me kompxd{ kc{d{, z}mhm hcp l}ncp c zpd) `lmic{ hm fozmpxme{oûe% Chioeo{xpchd{ zdp wéc xûzokc, ld{ hm{kdenm{xodecexm{ chpmeïpnokd{ xci`oïe z}mhme zpdh}kop zokdp ec{cl, {ms}mhch hm `dkc y {me{ckoûe hm s}micrûe ldkclorchc% I}kdléxokd{ y mvzmkxdpcexm{% Ld{ gãpickd{ i}kdléxokd{ {de {}{xcekoc{ s}m ho{ioe}yme lc wo{kd{ohch hm lc{ {mkpmkodem{ ec{clm{ &gl}ohogo) kckoûe ec{cl/% Kdexomeme np}zd{ xodl &)[F/ me {} m{xp}kx}pc, zdp ld s}m {de kczckm{ hm pdizmp ld{ c`}ehce) xm{ z}mexm{ ho{}lg}pd zpm{mexm{ me lc{ {mkpmkodem{ i}kdohm{% Ld{ i}kdléxokd{ iã{ fc`ox}clm{ {de2 Hmpowchd{ xoûlokd{2 ckmxolko{xméec, kcp`dko{xméec, koxodldec, lmxd{xmoec y im{ec% Hmpowchd{ hm lc wc{okoec2 `pdifmvoec, ci`pdvdl y chcimvoec% Lc ckmxolko{xméec, chioeo{xpchc zdp wéc oefclcxdpoc, z}mhm zpdwdkcp `pdekdm{zc{id1 zdp wéc dpcl z}mhm zpd) wdkcp ec}{mc{, hdldp c`hdioecl, c`hdioecl, wûioxd{, gom`pm, }pxokcpoc y xoeox}{ &p}ohd me ld{ déhd{/% Lc ckmxolko{xméec z}m) hm mizmdpcp lc megmpimhch me zckomexm{ kde òlkmpc zïzxokc% Ml im{ec, iã{ kdedkohd kdid impkczxd{}lgc) xd {ûhokd, z}mhm zpdh}kop xd{, m{zc{id{ `pdes}oclm{, oppoxckoûe ec{cl, hdldp y {me{ckoûe hm s}micrûe c eowml mzonã{xpokd y, me eoód{, z}mhm zpdwdkcp ec}{mc{ y wûioxd{ zdp oenm{xoûe hm lc{ i}kd{ohchm{% Lc `pdifmvoec z}mhm zpdh}kop zpdh}kop eã}{mc{, hdldp hm m{xûicnd y xpc{xdped{ pm{zopcxdpod{% Ld{ gãpickd{ mvzmkxdpcexm{ {de, zdp dxpc zcpxm, kdiz}m{xd{ s}m zdp imkceo{id{ pmglmbd{ c}imexce lc kcexohch hm cn}c me lc{ {mkpmkodem{ ec{clm{% Ld{ iã{ fc`ox}clm{ {de ml ydh}pd hm zdxc{od, ml kldp}pd hm cideod y ml n}cyckdlcxd hm nlokmpold% Xdhc{ m{xc{ {}{xcekoc{ zpdh}kme }ec kdehokoûe c{dkochc c imhokc) imexd{1 m{xd m{, {omizpm czcpmkme c{dkochc{ c iã{ hm }e kdiz}m{xd% [m {c`m s}m {de {}{xcekoc{ oppoxce) xm{ hm lc i}kd{c nã{xpokc, s}m m{xoi}lce lc zpdh}kkoûe hm {mkpmkodem{ me lc{ wéc{ cïpmc{, zmpd {m fc hm) id{xpchd s}m me nmempcl ed {de i}y mgmkxowd{%
) >; )
K}cehd }e zckomexm xomem i}kfc{ {mkpmkodem{ `pdes}oclm{, ld iã{ fc`ox}cl zcpc mloioecplc{ m{ lc oeh}kkoûe hm xd{ y lc s}oem{odxmpczoc pm{zopcxdpoc, s}m menld`c }e kdeb}exd hm zpdkmhoiomexd{ }xolorchd{ kdid czdyd me ml xpcxciomexd hm hm{ûphmem{ pm{zopcxdpod{ me eoód{ y ch}lxd{% [}{ d`bmxowd{ {m dpomexce c imbdpcp lc g}e) koûe z}lidecp zmpioxomehd ckdpxcp ml zmpédhd hm megmpimhch y ldnpcehd }ec pm{z}m{xc {oexdiãxokc gcwdpc) `lm y pãzohc me lc icydpéc hm ld{ kc{d{% Lc{ iceod`pc{ gpmk}mexmimexm gpmk}mexmimexm }xolorchc{ me ld{ zckomexm{ kde oeho) kckoûe hm s}oem{odxmpczoc pm{zopcxdpoc {de cs}mllc{ xmehomexm{ c gcwdpmkmp lc mloioeckoûe hm {mkpmkodem{, ho{ioe}op lc d`{xp}kkoûe `pdes}ocl y gckoloxcp ml imkceo{id hm xd{ kdid d`bmxowd{ zpoimpd{% Mexpm mllc{ zd) hmid{ mekdexpcp ld{ hpmecbm{ zd{x}pclm{, lc{ kdizpm{odem{ xdpãkokc{ y lc c{zopckoûe hm {mkpmkodem{%
Cexox}{énmed{% Ld{ gãpickd{ cexox}{énmed{ {de kdiz}m{xd{ }xolorchd{ zcpc oefo`op ml kmexpd pmglmbd hm lc xd{% Lc xd{ ed m{ }ec megmpimhch me {é io{ic, {oed s}m m{ lc zpoekozcl iceogm{xckoûe kléeokc hm iòlxozlm{ megmpimhchm{% M{ }ec pm{z}m{xc go{odlûnokc edpicl, }e pmglmbd kde ml s}m ml dpnceo{id oexmexc hmgmehmp{m cexm }ec zd{o`lm oeb}poc hml czcpcxd pm{zopcxdpod% Me ml mzoxmlod pm{zopcxdpod, mexpm lc{ kïl}lc{ kolochc{ kcpckxmpé{xokc{, mvo{xme }ec{ kïl}lc{ kclokogdpim{ y howmp{c{ xmpioeckodem{ empwod{c{ s}m ckxòce kdid pmkmzxdpm{ wmnmxcxowd{ s}m, cl {mp m{xoi}lchd{, zpdwdkce lc xd{% Ld{ pmkmzxdpm{ hm lc xd{ {m mek}mexpce g}ehcimexclimexm g}ehcimexclimexm me lc xpãs}mc y me ld{ `pdes}od{% Ml zpoekozcl imkceo{id hm m{xoi}lckoûe hm lc xd{, m{ lc zpm{mekoc hm i}k}{ d hm {mkpm) kodem{ hmexpd hm lc wéc cïpmc% Xci`oïe fcy pmkmzxdpm{ me lc{ gd{c{ ec{clm{, me ml déhd imhod, me lc gcpoenm y me lc lcpoenm% Lc xd{ hm`m mwoxcp{m {omizpm s}m ed {mc zpdh}kxowc% Ld{ gãpickd{ cexox}{énmed{ {}mlme {mp hmpowchd{ ecpkûxokd{ dzoãkmd{ kczckm{ hm zpdh}kop {mhckoûe y hm) zpm{oûe c eowml hml {o{xmic pm{zopcxdpod% Ld{ iã{ fc`ox}clm{ {de lc kdhméec, lc gdlkdhoec, ml hmvxpdimxdpgced, lc ed{kczoec y lc hoimidpgoec% Me hd{o{ icexmeohc{ zpdh}kme hmzmehmekoc% Lc kdhméec z}mhm cnpcwcp ml mego{mic z}lidecp, chmiã{ hm zpdwdkcp `pdekdkde{xpokkoûe y m{zm{ciomexd hm lc{ {mkpmkodem{ `pdes}oc) lm{, m{xpmóoiomexd, cedpmvoc, ec}{mc{, wûioxd{, {ms}mhch hm `dkc, wo{oûe `dppd{c, p}`dp y zclzoxckodem{1 c eowml hml [EK, lc kdhméec z}mhm zpdwdkcp zpdwdkcp kmgclmc, empwod{o{id, mvkoxckoûe, kdeg}{oûe imexcl y hm`olohch% Me kc{d hm {d`pmhd{o{ z}mhm czcpmkmp {diedlmekoc, iod{o{ idhmpchc, hogok}lxch pm{zopcxdpoc m oekl}{d kdic% Ed {m hm`m }xolorcp me eoód{ imedpm{ hm 0); cód{% Ml hmvxpdimxdpgced zpdh}km }ec imedp hmzmehmekoc s}m lc kdhméec% Z}mhm zpdh}kop {diedlmekoc, wïpxond, mvkoxckoûe, kdeg}{oûe imexcl, eã}{mc{, wûioxd{, hdldp hm m{xûicnd y m{xpmóoiomexd% [} chioeo{xpckoûe pm{}lxc òxol me eoód{ imedpm{ hm 0); cód{% @cl{ãiokd{ zmpk}xãemd{% Ld{ `cl{ãiokd{ zmpk}xãemd{ oekl}yme }e np}zd hm kdiz}m{xd{ }xolorchd{ kdid mvzmkxdpcexm{ zdp c}imexcp lc kcexohch hm cn}c me lc{ {mkpmkodem{ pm{zopcxdpoc{% [}mlme chioeo{xpcp{m zdp gpokkoûe c eowml hml zmkfd, k}mlld d m{zclhc% Ml iã{ fc`ox}cl m{ ml clkcegdp &Woka{ WczdP}`/, kczcr hm zpdh}kop e}impd{c{ oexdvokckod) em{ zdp {d`pmhd{o{ me eoód{ imedpm{ hm 8 cód{ s}m k}p{ce kde czemc &oexmpp}zkoûe kdizlmxc hml gl}bd ec) {d`}kcl/, s}micrûe hm `dkc y ncpncexc, oppoxckoûe k}xãemc, ec}{mc{, wûioxd{ y hdldp mzonã{xpokd% Me ld{ kc{d{ iã{ npcwm{ z}mhm zpdh}kop kdeg}{oûe, ce{omhch, icpmd{, kdew}l{odem{, clxmpckoûe hml kdizdpxciome) xd y zïphohc hml kdedkoiomexd% Cexofo{xciéeokd{% Lc fo{xcioec m{ }ec cioec hmzpm{dpc {oexmxorchc g}ehcimexclimexm zdp ld{ ic{xdkoxd{ y ld{ `c{ûgold{, im) hocexm hm{kcp`dvolckoûe hm lc fo{xohoec% [m kde{ohmpc kdid }ec fdpidec fé{xokc s}m kdexpo`}ym c pmn}lcporcp ml xded hm lc i}{k}lcx}pc lo{c zdp oeh}kop wc{dholcxckoûe1 chmiã{, m{xã oizlokchc me e}impd{d{ zpdkm{d{ clïpnokd{% Mvo{xme cl imed{ xpm{ xozd{ ho{xoexd{ hm pmkmzxdpm{ zcpc lc fo{xcioec, c {c`mp2 pmkmzxdpm{ F3, pm) kmzxdpm{ F0 y pmkmzxdpm{ F;% Xci`oïe lc fo{xcioec g}ekodec kdid }e em}pdxpce{io{dp me ml [EK, yc s}m czcpmkme clxc{ kdekmexpckodem{ kdekmexpckodem{ hm pmkmzxdpm{ F3 me ml xãlcid, fozdxãlcid y kompxc{ pmnodem{ hml kmpm`mld y kmpm`pd cexmpodp% Lc{ em}pdec{ s}m kdexomeme fo{xcioec zcpxokozce me lc pmn}lckoûe hm lc {mh, lc xmizmpcx}pc kdpzdpcl y lc {mkpmkoûe hm fdpidec cexoho}pïxokc, c{é kdid me ml kdexpdl hm lc zpm{oûe {cen}éemc y lc zmp) kmzkoûe hml hdldp% Ld{ pmkmzxdpm{ F 3 m{xãe pmlckodechd{ kde lc pm{z}m{xc clïpnokc oeimhocxc% Ld{ pmkmzxdpm{ F0 {m mek}mexpce oewdl}kpchd{ me lc pmn}lckoûe hm lc {mkpmkoûe hml b}nd nã{xpokd y FKl m{xdickcl, hm idhd s}m ld{ cexcndeo{xc{ F 0 {de cizlocimexm }xolorchd{ me ml xpcxciomexd hm lc òlkmpc zïzxokc% Ld{ pmkmzxdpm{ F ; zcpmkme m{xcp zpm{mexm{ me lc{ xmpioeckodem{ empwod{c{ fo{xcioeïpnokc{, hdehm mbmpkme }ec p mn}lckoûe em) ncxowc &pmxpdppmn}lckoûe d gmmh)`cka/% Ld{ gãpickd{ cexofo{xciéeokd{ {de {}{xcekoc{ s}m pmh}kme ld{ mgmkxd{ hm lc fo{xcioec me ml dpnceo{id, zdp ld s}m pm{}lxce i}y òxolm{ me ml xpcxciomexd hm lc poeoxo{ y lc{ hmpicxoxo{ clïpnokc{, chmiã{ hm howmp{c{ me) gmpimhchm{ nã{xpokc{% Nmempclimexm, {m kdedkm kdid cexofo{xciéeokd{ òeokcimexm c ld{ cexcndeo{xc{ hm ld{ pmkmzxdpm{ F3, m{zmkoclimexm cs}mlld{ }xolorchd{ me ml xpcxciomexd hm lc{ poeoxo{ y hmpicxoxo{ clïpnokc% G}ehcimexclimexm, {de cexcndeo{xc{ kdizmxoxowd{ pmwmp{o`lm{ hm lc fo{xcioec c eowml hm ld{ pmkmzxdpm{ F 3% [} mgmkxd xmpczï}xokd m{ iã{ mgmkxowd k}cehd fc {ohd chioeo{xpchd{ me gdpic zpdgolãkxokc1 m{xd {m hm`m c s}m oizohme lc{ pmckkodem{ oeokochc{ zdp lc fo{xcioec, zmpd ed lc{ pmwompxme%
) >8 )
Me lc ckx}clohch {m kdedkme hd{ xozd{ hm cnmexm{ cexofo{xciéeokd{, cexofo{xciéeokd{, c {c`mp2 Cexofo{xciéeokd{ “klã{okd{’ d hm 3¢ nmempckoûe &CZN/2 hogmefohpcioec, hoimefohpoecxd, kldpgmeopcio) ec, xpozdlohoec, fohpdvoroec y zpdimxcroec% zpdimxcroec% ldpcxchoec y xmpgmechoec% xmpgmechoec% Cexofo{xciéeokd{ hm 0¢ nmempckoûe &C[N/2 kmxoporoec, c{xmiordl, m`c{xcxoec, ldpcxchoec C hd{o{ xmpczï}xokc{, xdhd{ ld{ CZN zpdh}kme {diedlmekoc y {mhckoûe me }e 0=- hm ld{ zckomexm{% Xci) `oïe z}mhme zpdh}kop {me{ckoûe hm kce{cekod y hm`olohch% [oe mi`cpnd, me cln}ed{ zckomexm{ nmempce oes}omx}h, fozmpckxowohch m oe{dieod% Ld{ eoód{ {de i}y {me{o`lm{ c {} ckkoûe xûvokc y, zm{m c imxc`dlorcpld{ iã{ pãzohcimexm s}m ml ch}lxd, gãkolimexm z}mhme zpm{mexcp mvkoxckoûe, cl}koeckodem{, kdew}l{odem{ y kdic% Lc {mhckoûe loioxc ml }{d hm CZN me cs}mllc{ zmp{dec{ s}m pmclokme ckxowohchm{ s}m pms}ompce }e mlmwchd m{xchd hm clmpxc, kdid kdeh}kxdpm{ hm wmfék}ld{, xpce{zdpxo{xc{ hm ics}oecpoc zm{chc, m{x}hocexm{, mxk% ]e }{d kdexoe}chd hm CZN z}mhm kc}{cp }ec kompxc xdlmpcekoc% Lc kldpgmeopcioec m{ lc òeokc s}m k}mexc kde }ec zpm{mexckoûe oeymkxc`lm, i}y òxol me zpdkm{d{ cn}hd{ npcwm{ &kc{d hml {fdka cecgolãkxokd/ s}m pms}ompm hm chioeo{xpckoûe zcpmexmpcl% Ld{ C[N, zdp dxpc zcpxm, i}m{xpce }e zmpgol hm {mn}pohch imbdp s}m {}{ cexmkm{dpm{ klã{okd{, z}m{ dgpmkme cl zckomexm `}me m{xchd hm clmpxc y kdekmexpckoûe me {}{ xcpmc{ kdxohocec{% Xdhd{ {de hm chioeo{xpckoûe dpcl, ed kdexãehd{m zdp ml idimexd kde zpm{mexckodem{ zcpmexmpclm{% [de i}y lozd{dl}`lm{, fmkfd s}m lm{ oizohm cxpcwm{cp lc `cppmpc fmic) xdmekmgãlokc, ed nmempcehd nmempcehd mgmkxd{ chwmp{d{ c eowml hml [EK c lc{ hd{o{ mgmkxowc{% [m }{ce me lc zpmwmekoûe y clowod hm ld{ m{xdpe}hd{, zp}poxd y poedppmc me zckomexm{ kde poedkdeb}exowoxo{ clïpnokc, c{é kdid me ml xpcxciomexd hml zp}poxd me zckomexm{ kde }pxokcpoc% Me kc{d{ hm {d`pmhd{o{ z}mhme zpdwdkcp xpc{xdped{ z{os}oãxpokd{, cl}koeckodem{ y hmzpm{oûe%
) >= )
XXMIC MIC 00>% mp czoc ccexoemdzlã{o exoemdzlã{ok c% mp okkc% 0>>%% XXm pczoc Ml xïpioed emdzlc{oc fckm pmgmpmekoc c cs}mllc ic{c hm kpmkoiomexd kml}lcp cedpicl, fc`ox}climexm kdedko) hc kdid x}idp, zpdh}kohc zdp }ec i}lxozlokckoûe kldecl m oekdexpdlchc hm cln}ec kïl}lc hml dpnceo{id% Ld{ x}idpm{ nmempclimexm ed k}izlme eoen}ec g}ekoûe òxol y kpmkme c mvzme{c{ hm ld{ xmbohd{ {ced{% Me xïpio) ed{ nmempclm{, ld{ x}idpm{ zcpmkme {mp dkc{odechd{ zdp }ec pmn}lckoûe cedpicl me ml kpmkoiomexd hm lc{ kïl}lc{% Kcpckxmpé{xokcimexm, ml kpmkoiomexd hm lc{ kïl}lc{ me ml k}mpzd m{xã kdexpdlchd hm }ec icempc m{) xpokxc &òeokcimexm {m kpmce e}mwc{ kïl}lc{ zcpc pmmizlcrcp lc{ wombc{ d zcpc hm{mizmócp e}mwc{ g}ekod) em{/% Lc{ kïl}lc{ s}m pm{}lxce hcóchc{ d s}m yc ed {m emkm{oxce i}mpme zcpc hcp m{zckod c lc{ kïl}lc{ hm pmmizlcrd {cec{% Hm m{xc icempc, {o ml ms}olo`pod hm kpmkoiomexd y i}mpxm hm kïl}lc{ {m xpc{xdpec, {m z}mhm gdpicp }e x}idp% Ld{ x}idpm{ {m klc{ogokce me `meoned{, k}cehd kdizpmehme kdizpmehme ic{c{ kml}lcpm{ hm kpmkoiome) xd lmexd y }{}climexm oedgme{owc{, oedgme{owc{, hmzmehomehd hmzmehomehd hm {} }`okckoûe, d icloned{ &kãekmp/, k}cehd {de ic{c{ hm kpmkoiomexd pãzohd y kde zpd`c`olohchm{ hm ho{mioecp{m y dponoecp zpd`lmic{ npcwm{% Lc{ cedicléc{ hml {o{xmic oei}em, ml k}cl }{}climexm hmxmkxc y `lds}mc ml kpmkoiomexd ceûicld, z}mhme dkc{odecp x}idpm{% Dxpc{ kc}{c{ hm zd{o`lm czcpokoûe hm x}idpm{ {de lc pchockoûe, lc{ cedicléc{ nmeïxokc{, lc mvzd{okoûe c ld{ pcyd{ hml {dl, ml xc`cs}o{id, kompxd{ wop}{, ml `mekmed, kompxd{ fdend{ wmemed{d{ y lc{ cgldxdvoec{, wmemed{ zpdh}kohd{ zdp }e dpnceo{id s}m cln}ec{ wmkm{ kpmkm me lc{ zlcexc{ hm iceé% Hm gdpic nmempcl, ml xc`ckd kc}{c iã{ i}mpxm{ s}m k}cls}omp dxpd cnmexm ci`omexcl% Cln}ed{ x}idpm{ {de iã{ kdi}em{ me ld{ fdi) `pm{ s}m me lc{ i}bmpm{, dxpd{ {de iã{ kdi}em{ me ld{ eoód{ d me ld{ cekoced{ y cln}ed{ dxpd{ wcpéce hm ck}mphd kde lc homxc, ml imhod ci`omexm y kde gckxdpm{ hm pom{nd nmeïxokd% Lc xmpczoc cexoemdzlã{okc kdi) zpmehm xdhd ml kdeb}exd hm gãpickd{ mizlmchd{ zcpc lc mloioeckoûe hm x}idpm{% Me g}ekoûe hm {} imkceo{id hm ckkoûe, ld{ gãpickd{ cexoemdzlã{okd{ cexoemdzlã{okd{ {}mlme howohop{m me k}cxpd kcxmndpéc{2 Cexoemdzlã{okd{ s}m ckxòce {d`pm ml HEC kml}lcp% Ld{ iã{ fc`ox}clm{ {de2 Cnmexm{ cls}olcexm{% cls}olcexm{% Id{xcrc{ eoxpdnmechc{2 ogd{gciohc, kokldgd{gciohc, kldpci`}kold, imlgclãe y xpdgd{) gciohc% Eoxpd{d}pmc{2 kcpi}{xoec, m{xpci}{xoec, gdxmi}{xoec y ldi}{xoec% Mxolmedoioec{2 clxpmxcioec y xodxmzc% Mxolmedoioec{2 Cls}ol{}lgdecxd{2 `}{}lgãe% Cls}ol{}lgdecxd{2 xmidrdldiohc% Xpocrmed{2 hckcp`croec, zpdkcp`croec y xmidrdldiohc% Cexoimxc`dloxd{% Ceãldnd{ hm zopoiohoec{2 koxcpc`oec y xmncg}p% Ceãldnd{ hm z}poec{2 klchpo`oec, gl}hcpc`oec, zmexd{xcxoec y xodn}ceoec% Ceãldnd{ hml ãkohd gûlokd2 imxdxpmvcxd% Cexo`oûxokd{ koxd{xãxokd{% Cexpckokloec{2 hc}edp}`okoec, hdvdp}`okoec, mzop}`okoec, ohcp}`okoec, ioxdvcexpdec, zopcp}`okoec y ci{ckpoec% Dxpd{2 `lmdiokoec y ioxdiokoec% Kdizlmbd{ hm zlcxoed2 kcp`dzlcxoed, ko{zlcxoed y dvozlcxoed% Hmpowchd{ hm lc mzozdhdgoldxdvoec2 mxdzû{ohd y xmeozû{ohd% Kcizxdxmkoec{2 Kcizxdxmkoec{2 opoedxmkãe y xdzdxmkãe% Cexoemdzlã{okd{ s}m ckxòce {d`pm lc ioxd{o{ kml}lcp {oe cgmkxcp cl HEC% Cexoemdzlã{okd{ Ld{ iã{ fc`ox}clm{ {de2 Clkcldohm{ hm lc Woekc2 woe`lc{xoec, woekpo{xoec, woehm{oec y woedpml`oec% Xcvdohm{2 hdkmxcvml y zckloxcvml% Cexoemdzlã{okd{ Cexoemdzlã{okd{ s}m ckxòce {d`pm gckxdpm{ mvxpckml}lcpm{ hm lc howo{oûe kml}lcp% Ld{ iã{ fc`ox}clm{ {de2 Cexcndeo{xc{ hm m{xpûnmed{% @lds}mcexm{ hm pmkmzxdpm{ m{xpdnïeokd{2 m{xpdnïeokd{2 xcidvogmed y xdpmiogmed% @lds}mcexm{ Oefo`ohdpm{ hm lc meroic cpdicxc{c2 cioednl}xmxoiohc, cec{xpcrdl, mvmim{xced, gdpim{xced y lmxpdrdl% Cexcndeo{xc{ hm cehpûnmed{% @lds}mcexm{ hm pmkmzxdpm{ cehpdnïeokd{2 gl}xciohc y `okcl}xciohc% M{xpûnmed{% Zpdnm{xãnmed{2 kczpdcxd hm nm{xdedpdec, imhpdvozpdnm{xmpdec y imnm{xpdl% Ceãldnd{ hm lc fdpidec lo`mpchdpc hm lc fdpidec l}xmoeorcexm &LFPF/2 `}{mpmloec, nd{mpm) loec, lm}zpdpmloec y xpozxdpmloec% Oexmpgmpdem{2 OGE)γ OGE)γ, OGE)ΰ OGE)ΰ m OEG)λ OEG)λ%
) >7 )
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Zdhmp mimxorcexm Imhod
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Ml imxdxpmvcxd z}mhm zpdwdkcp fmzcxdxdvokohch% fmzcxdxdvokohch% Lc `lmdiokoec z}mhm zpdwdkcp em}idxdvokohch% Lc{ cexpckokloec{ z}mhme zpdh}kop kcphodxdvokohch% Ld{ oexmpgmpdem{ z}mhme dponoecp k}chpd{ z{m}hdnpozclm{ &gcl{d{ {éehpdim{ npozclm{/, k}p{cehd kde gom`pm, m{kcldgpéd{, ioclnoc{, gcxonc, ho{emc, kmgclmc, mxk% Ld{ mgmkxd{ xûvokd{ s}m czcpmkme kdid kde{mk}mekoc hm lc chioeo{xpckoûe chioeo{xpckoûe hm gãpickd{ g ãpickd{ koxd{xãxokd{ z}mhme czcpmkmp2 3/ hm gdpic oeimhocxc, cl kc`d hm }ec{ ;)7 fdpc{ hml idimexd hm chioeo{xpckoûe chioeo{xpckoûe hml cnmexm xmpc) zï}xokd, 0/ hm gdpic zpmkdr, cl kc`d hm wcpéc{ héc{ d {micec{, ;/ hm gdpic pmxcphchc, cl kc`d hm wcpéc{ {micec{ d im{m{, d 8/ hm gdpic xcphéc, cl kc`d hm wcpéc{ im{m{ m oekl}{d cód{% Ld{ mgmkxd{ chwmp{d{ s}m czcpmkme hm gdpic pmxcphchc d xcphéc {}mlme {mp ld{ iã{ npcwm{1 chmiã{, ed {}mlme kdexpdlcp{m me ml im) hod fd{zoxclcpod%
XXMIC MIC 006% 6% XXm mp czoc ccexooe exooeeg gmmkkkkoodd{{cc%% mp pczoc cexoo Lc{ megmpimhchm{ oegmkkod{c{ kdizpmehme }e cizlod np}zd hm xpc{xdped{ dponoechd{ zdp dpnceo{id{, edp) iclimexm iokpd{kûzokd{, kdid lc{ `ckxmpoc{, ld{ wop}{ y ld{ fdend{, y dkc{odeclimexm ickpd{kûzokd{, kd) id ld{ fmlioexd{ &n}{ced{/, kczckm{ hm zpdh}kop }e hmxmpioechd k}chpd {oexdicxdlûnokd y zcxdlûnokd me ml {mp f}iced% [} pcend hm ckkoûe c`cpkc hm{hm ml pm{gpochd kdiòe y lc{ oegmkkodem{ hm déhd, fc{xc oegmkkod) em{ zdxmekoclimexm gcxclm{ kdid lc fmzcxoxo{ y lc z}lideéc% Lc xmpczoc cexooegmkkod{c fckm pmgmpmekoc, zdp ld xcexd, c xdhd{ x dhd{ cs}mlld{ iïxdhd{ }xolorchd{ me ml x pcxciomexd hm lc{ megmpimhchm{ oegmkkod{c{% Hmexpd hm lc xmpczoc cexooegmkkod{c z}mhme z}mhme ho{xoen}op{m ho{xoexc{ kcxmndpéc{, c {c`mp2 Gãpickd{ cexo`oûxokd{% cexoiokd`ckxmpoced{% Gãpickd{ cexoiokd`ckxmpoced{% Gãpickd{ cexogòenokd{% cexozcpc{oxcpod{% Gãpickd{ cexozcpc{oxcpod{% Gãpickd{ cexowopclm{%
Gãpickd{ cexo`oûxokd{% Ld{ cexo`oûxokd{ {de {}{xcekoc{ cexoiokpd`ocec{ zpdh}kohc{ zdp kompxd{ iokpddpnceo{id{, kdid `ckxmpoc{, fdend{ y clnc{, s}m {m }xolorce me ml xpcxciomexd hm megmpimhchm{ oegmkkod{c{% Lc mlmkkoûe hm }ed } dxpd cexo`oûxokd me ml xpcxciomexd hm }ec oegmkkoûe hmzmehm hml iokpddpnceo{id oegmkkod{d &d`xmeohd zdp k}lxowd d {}z}m{xd zdp lc mvzmpomekoc/, hm lc {me{o`olohch hml zpdzod iokpddpnceo{id &d`xmeohc zdp }e cexo`odnpcic d {}z}m{xc zdp lc mvzmpomekoc/, hm lc npcwmhch hm lc megmpimhch, megmpimhch, hm lc xdvokohch, hm ld{ cexmkmhmexm{ hm clmp) noc hml zckomexm y hml kd{xm mkdeûiokd% Me oegmkkodem{ npcwm{ z}mhm {mp emkm{cpod kdi`oecp wcpod{ cexo`o) ûxokd{% Lc wéc hm chioeo{xpckoûe z}mhm {mp dpcl &kãz{}lc{, {d`pm{, mxk%/, xûzokc &kdlopod{, ndxc{, mxk%/ d oeymk) xc`lm &oexpci}{k}lcp d oexpcwmed{c/% Lc{ oegmkkodem{ npcwm{ {}mlme pms}mpop lc wéc oexpcwmed{c% Ld{ cexo`oûxo) kd{ ckxòce c xpcwï{ hm hd{ imkceo{id{ ho{xoexd{2 3/ icxcehd ld{ iokpddpnceo{id{ mvo{xmexm{ &ckkoûe `ckxm) pokohc/, d 0/ oizohomehd {} pmzpdh}kkoûe &ckkoûe `ckxmpod{xãxokc/% Ld{ cexo`oûxokd{, c idhd nmempcl, z}mhme klc{ogokcp{m me {mo{ kcxmndpéc{ ho{xoexc{2 Cexo`oûxokd{ `mxclckxãiokd{% Fdy me héc, mvo{xme hd{ npcehm{ kcxmndpéc{ hm cexo`oûxokd{ `mxclckxãiokd{2 lc{ zmeokoloec{ y lc{ kmgc) ld{zdpoec{% Lc{ zmeokoloec{ &cizokoloec, cidvokoloec, dvckoloec, mxk%/ {de ld{ cexo`oûxokd{ iã{ cexon}d{ s}m {m kdedkme, y {on}me {omehd ld{ gãpickd{ hm zpoimpc mlmkkoûe me e}impd{c{ oegmkkodem{% @ã{o) kcimexm, ckxòce pdizomehd lc zcpmh `ckxmpocec% Lc{ kmgcld{zdpoec{ &kmgchpoec, kmgzpdrol, kmgdxcvo) ic, kmgxcrohoic, mxk%/ {de cexo`oûxokd{ me zcpxm {oiolcpm{ c lc{ zmeokoloec{ zmpd, c hogmpmekoc hm m{xc{, kfpy{dnme}i, lc{ s}m zpdkmhme zcpkocl d xdxclimexm hm ld{ fdend{ Zmeokollo}i edxcx}i y Zmeokollo}i kfpy{dnme}i kmgcld{zdpoec{ {de idlïk}lc{ zpdkmhmexm{ hml fdend Kmzfcld{zdpo}e ckpmideo}i % Hm on}cl idhd s}m lc{ zmeokoloec{, lc{ kmgcld{zdpoec{ ckxòce pdizomehd lc zcpmh `ckxmpocec% C idhd nmempcl, xcexd zmeokoloec{ kdid kmgcld{zdpoec{ z}mhme dkc{odecp pmckkodem{ k}xãemc{ hm fozmp{me{o`olohch oeim) hocxc d xcphéc &xpc{ >0 fdpc{ c zcpxop hml idimexd hm chioeo{xpckoûe/% M{xc{ pmckkodem{ {}mlme iceo) gm{xcp{m kde zp}poxd, }pxokcpoc d cenodmhmic, z}hoïehd{m z}hoïehd{m cnpcwcp me kc{d hm chioeo{xpckoûe kdeb}e) xc kde gãpickd{ ΰ)`lds}mcexm{% Chmiã{, xci`oïe z}mhme czcpmkmp hocppmc{ m oekl}{d kdloxo{ z{m}) hdimi`pced{c kdid kde{mk}mekoc hm lc ckkoûe hm }ec xdvoec mvkpmxchc zdp Kld{xpoho}i hoggokolm, woek}lchc cl }{d zcpmexmpcl hm kmgcld{zdpoec{% Me m{xd{ kc{d{ {m hm`m zpdkmhmp c }ec {}{xox}koûe hml xpcxciomexd% Lc{ zmeokoloec{, kdid edpic g}ehcimexcl, e}ekc hm`me chioeo{xpcp{m hm gdpic kdeb}exc kde kmgcld{zdpoec{, z}m{xd s}m z}mhme czcpmkmp oexmpckkodem{ mexpm mllc{%
) >6 )
Dxpd cexo`oûxokd `mxclckxãiokd oizdpxcexm m{ ml crxpmdeci% M{xm kdiz}m{xd m{ `ckxmpokohc y {} im) kceo{id hm ckkoûe m{ {oiolcp cl hm lc{ zmeokoloec{ y kmgcld{zdpoec{% [}{ zpoekozclm{ pmckkodem{ ch) wmp{c{ k}p{ce kde hocppmc, eã}{mc{ y wûioxd{% Me pcpc{ dkc{odem{ zpdwdkc pmckkodem{ ldkclm{ hm fozmp{me{o`olohch% Chmiã{, zcpmkm ed xmemp oei}ednmeokohch kp}rchc kde lc{ zmeokoloec{, z}hoïehd) {m chioeo{xpcp me zckomexm{ clïpnokd{ c lc{ io{ic{% Xmxpckokloec{% Lc{ xmxpckokloec{ &dvoxmxpckokloec, hmimkldkokloec, hdvokokloec, ioedkokloec, mxk%/, zpdkmhmexm{ hm [xpmz) xdiykm{ c}pdgckome{ , {de kdiz}m{xd{ `ckxmpod{xãxokd{ kczckm{ hm oefo`op lc {éexm{o{ hm zpdxméec{ `ckxmpocec{% Xomeme }e m{zmkxpd hm ckxowohch i}y cizlod% Zdp pmnlc nmempcl, ed {}mlme zpdh}kop pm) ckkodem{ hm fozmp{me{o`olohch% [oe mi`cpnd, {}{ mgmkxd{ chwmp{d{ {de howmp{d{% @ã{okcimexm, z}m) hme zpdh}kop hocppmc{, ec}{mc{, wûioxd{, mexmpdkdloxo{, òlkmpc{ nc{xpdm{dgãnokc{, gdxd{me{o`olohch y gdxdxdvokohch &z}mhme oeh}kop s}mich}pc{ k}cehd ld{ zckomexm{ {m mvzdeme cl {dl/, kcpom{ y kdldpc) koûe npo{ãkmc hm ld{ homexm{1 me cln}ed{ xpcxciomexd{ zpdldenchd{ z}mhme oekl}{d zpdwdkcp }ec kd) ldpckoûe cedpicl c eowml hm zoml y }óc{% Lc{ xmxpckokloec{ m{xãe xdxclimexm kdexpcoehokchc{ kdexpcoehokchc{ h}pcexm ml mi`cpcrd y me eoód{ hm fc{xc 30 cód{, yc s}m {de kczckm{ hm gobcp{m cl m{iclxm hmexcpod h}pcexm {} kclkogokckoûe, zpdh}komehd fozdzlc{oc, mpd{odem{, icekfc{, mxk% M{xc pmckkoûe ed xomem iã{ xpc) xciomexd iïhokd s}m lc pm{xc}pckoûe dhdexdlûnokc% Lc{ xmxpckokloec{ z}mhme {}gpop oee}impc`lm{ oexmpckkodem{ kde odem{ howclmexm{ &Kc 0!, In0!, mxk%/ y xpowclmexm{ &Gm;!, mxk%/, gdpicehd s}mlcxd{ m oizohomehd {} c`{dpkoûe% Zdp m{xm idxowd, hm`m {mzc) pcp{m lc chioeo{xpckoûe hm cexoãkohd{ &gd{gcxd hm cl}ioeod, {clokolcxd hm `o{i}xd, kcp`decxd kãlkokd, `okcp`decxd {ûhokd, mxk%/, pokd{ me m{xd{ imxclm{, d hm imhokcimexd{ mlc`dpchd{ c `c{m hm fomppd, kclkod, icnem{od d roek% Me m{xm {mexohd, xci`oïe {m pmkdiomehc mwoxcp me lc imhohc hm ld zd{o`lm lc oenm{xc hm lmkfm h}pcexm ml xpcxciomexd zdp {} mlmwchc kcexohch me kclkod% Kldpcegmeokdl% Ml kldpcegmeokdl g}m ml zpoimp cexo`oûxokd hm cizlod m{zmkxpd hm{k}`ompxd, c zcpxop hm [xpmzxdiykm{ wmemr}mlcm % Ckxòc zmemxpcehd me lc{ `ckxmpoc{ y }eoïehd{m c lc{ m{xp}kx}pc{ s}m {oexmxorce zpdxmé) ec{1 hm m{xc gdpic {m oefo`m ml kpmkoiomexd y ml hm{cppdlld `ckxmpoced% M{xm cexo`oûxokd xci`oïe z}m) hm zmemxpcp me lc{ kïl}lc{ f}icec{ kc}{cehd howmp{d{ mgmkxd{ edkowd{ kde }e mlmwchd éehokm hm idpxclohch% Zdp m{xm idxowd, m{ }e gãpickd i}y zdkd }xolorchd me lc ckx}clohch% Me eoód{ pmkoïe ec) kohd{ z}mhm zpdwdkcp kdlcz{d wc{didxdp cl {mp chioeo{xpchd me mlmwchc{ hd{o{ zdp wéc zcpmexmpcl% Me cln}ed{ kc{d{, z}mhm zpdh}kop cemioc czlã{okc, chmiã{ hm howmp{d{ xpc{xdped{ nc{xpdoexm{xoec) lm{ xclm{ kdid ec}{mc{, wûioxd{, hocppmc{, clxmpckodem{ clxmpckodem{ hml n}{xd, oeglcickoûe hm lc lmen}c y$d hm lc i}kd{c `}kcl% Chioeo{xpchd me gdpic hm kdlopod me xpcxciomexd{ zpdldenchd{ z}mhm zpdwdkcp dxoxo{, xpc{xdped{ ûzxokd{, mxk% Chmiã{, z}mhm zpdh}kop pmckkodem{ hm fozmp{me{o`olohch% fozmp{me{o`olohch% Ml kldpcegmeokdl m{ }e oefo`ohdp meroiãxokd hml koxdkpdid Z8=:, zdp ld s}m m{ kczcr hm zpdldencp lc wohc imhoc hm lc gm) eoxdéec, ml zcpckmxcidl, zcpckmxcidl, cln}ed{ fozdnlokmiocexm{ fozdnlokmiocexm{ dpclm{ y howmp{d{ cexokdcn}lcexm{ cexokdcn}lcexm{ dpclm{% Cioednl}kû{ohd{% Ld{ cioednl}kû{ohd{ {de }ec gcioloc hm cexo`oûxokd{ `ckxmpokohc{, d`xmeohd{ c zcpxop hm fdend{ hm ld{ nïempd{ [xpmzxdiykm{ y Iokpdided{zdpc , kczckm{ hm oefo`op lc {éexm{o{ zpdxmokc y s}m {m kcpck) xmporce zdp {} m{xpmkfd icpnme xmpczï}xokd, ld s}m d`lonc c chioeo{xpcpld{ `cbd m{s}mic{ zd{dlûno) kd{ i}y kdekpmxd{% Ld{ iã{ fc`ox}clm{ {de lc m{xpmzxdiokoec, lc emdiokoec, lc xd`pciokoec y lc nme) xciokoec% Hm gdpic nmempcl, {de emgpdxûvokd{ y dxdxûvokd{, zpdwdkcehd }ec xdvokohch oppmwmp{o`lm me }e oizdpxcexm eòimpd hm zckomexm{% Ld{ cioednl}kû{ohd{ {de kdiz}m{xd{ kczckm{ hm oexmpckkodecp kde cexo`oûxokd{ `mxclckxãiokd{, zdxmekocehd {} mgmkxd `ckxmpokohc% Nl}kdzïzxohd{% Ld{ nl}kdzïzxohd{ {de cexo`oûxokd{ ecx}pclm{, kde ckxowohch zpoicpocimexm `ckxmpokohc y hm m{xpmkfd icpnme xmpczï}xokd% Ld{ iã{ fc`ox}clm{ {de lc wcekdiokoec y lc xmokdzlceoec% Ld{ mgmkxd{ chwmp{d{ iã{ gpmk}mexm{ hm lc wcekdiokoec {de emgpdxdvokohch, dxdxdvokohch, hdldp me ml z}exd hm oeymkkoûe, oeglcickoûe hm lc wmec hdehm {m chioeo{xpc, icpmd{, zokdp me lc zoml, eã}{mc{ y wûioxd{% ]ec hm lc{ pmckkodem{ iã{ fc`ox}clm{ hm lc wcekdiokoec m{ ml hmedioechd {éehpdim hml k}mlld mepdbmkohd, s}m {m iceogom{xc kde gom`pm y }e mpoxmic i}y kcpckxmpé{xokd {d`pm lc `c{m hml k}mlld% Lc wcekdiokoec ed hm`m chioeo{xpcp{m {d`pm i}bmpm{ mi`cpcrchc{, z}m{xd s}m m{ kczcr hm zc{cp c lc lmkfm icxmpec, c}es}m ed m{ c`{dp`ohd me ml xpckxd nc{xpdoexm{xoecl hml lckxcexm% [oe mi`cpnd, z}mhm zpdwdkcp me cln}ed{ kc{d{ hocppmc me ml eoód% Lc xmokdzlceoec ed zpdh}km dxdxdvokohch1 xcizdkd zpdwdkc ml ime) kodechd {éehpdim hml k}mlld mepdbmkohd% [oe mi`cpnd, m{ }ec {}{xcekoc emgpdxûvokc, c}es}m me im) edp imhohc s}m lc wcekdiokoec% Ld{ mgmkxd{ chwmp{d{ iã{ gpmk}mexm{ {de gom`pm, ho{ioe}koûe hml eòimpd hm lm}kdkoxd{ y zlcs}mxc{ me {cenpm, hdldp me ml z}exd hm oeymkkoûe, oeglcickoûe hm lc wmec me ml l}ncp hm chioeo{xpckoûe, mp}zkodem{ me lc zoml y gclld pmecl% Me lc ckx}clohch ed {m fce pmclorchd m{x}hod{ chmk}chd{ {d`pm ml mgmkxd hm lc xmokdzlceoec me i}bmpm{ mi`cpcrchc{%
) >? )
Ickpûlohd{% Ld{ ickpûlohd{ {de gãpickd{ `ckxmpod{xãxokd{ k}yd imkceo{id hm ckkoûe {m `c{c me ml `lds}md hm lc {éexm{o{ zpdxmokc zdp }eoûe cl po`d{dic c eowml hm lc {}`}eohch {}`}eohch =:[% Ld{ iã{ fc`ox}clm{ {de lc mpo) xpdiokoec, lc klcpoxpdiokoec y lc croxpdiokoec, zpdkmhmexm{ hm hogmpmexm{ iokpddpnceo{id{% Ld{ mgmk) xd{ chwmp{d{ iã{ gpmk}mexm{ hm lc mpoxpdiokoec {de hdldp c`hdioecl, c`hdioecl, eã}{mc{, wûioxd{, hocppmc{, fo) zmpckohmr nã{xpokc, kclci`pm{ c`hdioeclm{, okxmpokoc y fmzcxoxo{% Me ml kc{d hm lc klcpoxpdiokoec y lc croxpdiokoec, lc{ pmckkodem{ chwmp{c{ {de lc{ io{ic{, c}es}m i}kfd iã{ lmwm{ y xpce{oxdpoc{% Ld{ ickpûlohd{, m{zmkoclimexm m{zmkoclimexm lc mpoxpdiokoec, z}mhme oexmpckkodecp oexmpckkodecp kde ml kldpcegmeokdl, lc gmeoxdéec, lc{ fmzcpoec{ y cln}ec{ woxcioec{% Chmiã{, {de kczckm{ hm oekpmimexcp ld{ eowmlm{ zlc{iãxokd{ hm lc xmdgoloec, lc kcp`cicrmzoec, lc hondvoec, lc ko{czpohc, lc ~cpgcpoec y lc mpndxcioec zdp oefo`okoûe hml koxdkpdid Z8=:% Lc mpoxpdiokoec m{ }ed hm ld{ zdkd{ cexo`oûxokd{ zmpioxohd{ zmpioxohd{ me ml mi`cpcrd% Dxpd{ cexooegmkkod{d{ c hm{xckcp, ed zpm{mexm{ me lc{ kcxmndpéc{ cexmpodpm{, {de lc c{dkockoûe xpoimxpdzpoi) {}lgcimxdvcrdl &kdxpoidvcrdl/, lc eoxpdg}pcexdéec, lc{ gl}dps}oedldec{ &kozpdgldvckoed, mxk%/ y ml imxpdeohcrdl% Ml kdxpoidvcrdl m{ }ec c{dkockoûe hm xpoimxpdzpoi kde {}lgcimxdvcrdl, s}m zpm{mexce mgmkxd{ {oeïpnokd{% Pm{}lxc ckxowd gpmexm c kdkd{ Npci)&!/ y `ckold{ Npci)&)/% M{xã oehokchc g}ehcimexclime g}ehcimexclimexm xm me ml xpcxciome) Zem}idko{xo{ kcpoeoo % Z}mhm zpdwdkcp ec}{mc{, wûioxd{, zp}poxd, mp}zkodem{ k}xãemc{ y xd hm oegmkkodem{ zdp Zem}idko{xo{ howmp{d{ xpc{xdped{ fmzcxd`olocpm{% Me zckomexm{ kde [OHC, lc oekohmekoc hm ld{ mgmkxd{ chwmp{d{ {}mlm c}) imexcp fc{xc }e 6:- hm ld{ kc{d{% Lc eoxpdg}pcexdéec m{ }e cexo`ckxmpoced s}oiodxmpãzokd s}m {m }xolorc me ml xpcxciomexd hm oegmkkodem{ }poecpoc{% Zpdh}km pmckkodem{ chwmp{c{ lmwm{ y xpce{oxdpoc{ s}m k}p{ce edp) iclimexm kde ec}{mc{ y wûioxd{% Lc{ gl}dps}oedldec{ kdizpmehme cexo`ckxmpoced{ s}m ckxòce oefo`omehd lc ckxowohch hm lc xdzdo{dimpc{c, meroic s}m zpdh}km ml {}zmpmepdllciomexd hm lc kchmec hml HEC `ckxmpoced% Ld{ mgmkxd{ edkowd{ iã{ gpmk}mexm{ wcpéce mexpm ec}{mc{, hocppmc{, wûioxd{, hdldp c`hdioecl, oe{dieod, empwod{o{id, kdew}l{odem{, hdldp hm kc`mrc y gdxd{me{o`olohch, {d`pm xdhd k}cehd ml xpcxciomexd m{ zpdlde) nchd% Fcy dkc{odem{ me s}m z}mhme zpdh}kop cpxpdzcxéc{ cl {mp c{dkochc{ kde kdpxokdohm{, kdid zdp mbmi) zld lc pdx}pc hml xmehûe hm Cs}olm{% Ml imxpdeohcrdl m{ }e cexo`oûxokd s}m ckxòc hm{xp}ymehd m{zmkoclimexm lc{ `ckxmpoc{ s}m ed pms}ompme dvénmed zcpc {d`pmwowop &`ckxmpoc{ cecmpd`oc{/% M{xm xozd hm oegmkkodem{ {m ldkclorce kde gpmk}mekoc me ml oexm{xoed, ld{ f}m{d{, ml kmpm`pd y ld{ z}lidem{% Ld{ mgmkxd{ chwmp{d{ hm lc imxpdeohcrdl {de, me nmempcl, lmwm{ y xpce{oxdpod{% Z}mhm zpdh}kop kmgclmc, ec}{mc{, zïphohc hml czmxoxd y cedpmvoc, {ms}mhch hm `dkc, {c`dp imxãlokd y, me imedp imhohc, wûioxd{, hocppmc, hdldp c`hdioecl, xpdi) `dkoxdzmeoc y lm}kdzmeoc% Xci`oïe z}mhm zpdwdkcp kompxc{ clxmpckodem{ kcphodwc{k}lcpm{ xpc{ }ec chioeo{) xpckoûe oexpcwmed{c, kdid zdp mbmizld xpdi`dglm`oxo{ &oeglcickoûe c eowml wmed{d, ckdizcóchc c ime}hd hm }e xpdi`d/% Dkc{odeclimexm z}mhm zpdwdkcp oppoxckoûe c eowml hml `}l`d wcnoecl me i}bmpm{%
Gãpickd{ cexoiokd`ckxmpoced{% Ld{ gãpickd{ cexoiokd`ckxmpoced{ cexoiokd`ckxmpoced{ {de cs}mlld{ kdiz}m{xd{ s}m {m }xolorce zcpc ml xpcxciomexd hm lc{ oegmk) Iykd`ckxmpo}i x}`mpk}ld{o{ &`ckold hm Adkf/, cnmexm kc}{cl kodem{ zdp iokd`ckxmpoc{, g}ehcimexclimexm Iykd`ckxmpo}i hm lc x}`mpk}ld{o{, oegmkkoûe `ckxmpocec kpûeokc s}m {m kcpckxmporc zdp lc gdpickoûe hm npce}ldic{ kc{mogo) kcexm{ me ld{ xmbohd{ cgmkxchd{ y zdp }ec fozmp{me{o`olohch imhochc zdp kïl}lc{% Kchc cód {m zpdh}kme me ml i}ehd 6 iolldem{ hm e}mwd{ kc{d{ y i}mpme ce}climexm zdp m{xc oegmkkoûe kc{o ; iolldem{ hm zckomexm{% Lc icydpéc hm ld{ kc{d{ {m zpdh}kme me zcé{m{ me wéc{ hm hm{cppdlld, c}es}m, kde lc mzohmioc hm [OHC, lc oekohmekoc hm lc x}`mpk}ld{o{ fc c}imexchd hm gdpic kde{ohmpc`lm me ml i}ehd mexmpd% M{zcóc m{ }ed hm ld{ zcé{m{ dkkohmexclm{ dkkohmexclm{ kde oekohmekoc iã{ mlmwchc hm x}`mpk}ld{o{% Ld{ xpcxciomexd{ kde cexoiokd`ckxmpoc) ed{ {}mlme {mp lcpnd{, hm }ed{ 7 im{m{ kdid iéeoid1 me zckomexm{ megmpid{ megmpid{ hm [OHC, ml xpcxciomexd {}mlm zpdldencp{m fc{xc ? im{m{% Chmiã{, lc{ iokd`ckxmpoc{ {}mlme kpmcp gãkolimexm pm{o{xmekoc gpmexm c m{xd{ gãpickd{% Zdp m{xm idxowd, {}mlm pmk}ppop{m c lc chioeo{xpckoûe kdeb}exc kdeb}exc hm ho{xoexd{ kdiz}m{xd{ x}`mpk}ld{) xãxokd{% Ckx}climexm, zcpc mwoxcp ml oek}izloiomexd hml xpcxciomexd &m{zmkoclimexm me zckomexm{ hpdnchokxd{ y clkdfûlokd{/, i}kfd{ x}`mpk}ld{d{ {}mlme fd{zoxclorcp{m h}pcexm 0); {micec{, llmwcehd c kc`d }e icpkc) hd {mn}oiomexd hm lc xmpczï}xokc }xolorchc% Ld{ gãpickd{ cexoiokd`ckxmpoced{ iã{ fc`ox}clm{ {de2 O{deocrohc% Lc o{deocrohc m{ }e gãpickd cexoiokd`ckxmpoced s}m ckxòc `lds}mcehd lc meroic iokdlcxd {oexmxc{c, mekcpnchc hm gdpicp ld{ hmedioechd{ ãkohd{ iokûlokd{, s}m {de ld{ kde{xox}ymexm{ m{mekoclm{ m{mekoclm{ hm lc zcpmh iokd`ckxmpocec% Chmiã{ hm howmp{d{ xpc{xdped{ nc{xpdoexm{xoeclm{, kdid eã}{mc{ y wûioxd{, z}mhm zpdh}kop fmzcxdxdvokohch y zdloem}poxo{ s}m {m mwoxc chioeo{xpcehd hm gdpic c{dkochc lc woxc) ioec @7 &zopohdvoec/1 m{xm m{ ml kc{d hml Kmiohde¥ 3=: @7% Lc o{deocrohc, hm gdpic nmempcl, m{ kc) zcr hm zdxmekocp lc ckkoûe hm ld{ cexokdcn}lcexm{ cexokdcn}lcexm{ {d`pm ml dpnceo{id%
) 6: )
Pogcizokoec% Lc pogcizokoec m{ }e cexo`oûxokd ckxowd gpmexm c }e npce eòimpd hm `ckxmpoc{, m{zmkoclimexm iokd) `ckxmpoc{% M{xm cexo`oûxokd i}m{xpc xci`oïe ckxowohch gpmexm c cln}ed{ xozd{ hm fdend{ y wop}{, c}e) s}m ed {m mizlmc me ml xpcxciomexd hm m{xd{ òlxoid{% Z}mhm zpdwdkcp clxmpckodem{ nc{xpdoexm{xoeclm{ kdid ec}{mc{, wûioxd{, hocppmc y glcx}lmekoc, chmiã{ hm clxmpckodem{ me ml fénchd s}m z}mhme kde) llmwcp }e cicpollciomexd me lc zoml y me ld{ dbd{1 m{xm fmkfd {m kdedkm kdid okxmpokoc kdlm{xãxokc% Dxpd{ mgmkxd{ chwmp{d{ {de2 cemioc, {dgdkd, hdldp hm kc`mrc, icpmd{ y {diedlmekoc% {diedlmekoc% Ml xpcxciomexd hm`m {mp {}{zmehohd oeimhocxcimexm me ml kc{d hm s}m ml zckomexm mvzmpoimexm hm gdpic oexme{c ld{ {éexdic{ hml hmedioechd {éehpdim z{m}hdnpozcl, kcpckxmporchd zdp gom`pm, m{kcldgpéd{, hdldp û{md y$d i}{k}lcp, hdldp hm kc`mrc, c{é kdid kce{cekod mvkm{owd, eã}{mc{ y$d wûioxd{ oexme{d{, fmidppcnoc{, kdldp cicpollmexd hm lc zoml y dbd{, y mp}zkodem{ k}xãemc{% Lc pogcizokoec, chmiã{, z}mhm xmóop lc dpoec, lc{ fmkm{ y ml pm{xd hm gl}ohd{ hml dpnceo{id &lãnpoic{, {}hdp, {mime, mxk%/ hm }e kdldp pdbd cecpcebchd i}y kcpckxmpé{xokd1 zdp dxpc zcpxm, hchd s}m m{ }e zdxmexm oeh}kxdp meroiã) xokd hml koxdkpdid Z8=: z}mhm ho{ioe}op ld{ eowmlm{ zlc{iãxokd{ hm howmp{d{ imhokcimexd{ &imxc) hdec, cexokdekmzxowd{ cexokdekmzxowd{ dpclm{, cexokdcn}lcexm{ cexokdcn}lcexm{ kdid lc ~cpgcpoec y ml ckmedk}icpdl, ckmedk}icpdl, mxk%/% Mxci`}xdl% Ml mxci`}xdl m{ }e imhokcimexd s}m ckxòc m{zmkégokcimexm {d`pm Iykd`ckxmpo}i x}`mpk}ld{o{ , oe) fo`omehd lc mexpchc me lc `ckxmpoc hm ld{ ãkohd{ iokûlokd{, kde{xox}ymexm{ m{mekoclm{ hm lc zcpmh km) l}lcp iokd`ckxmpocec% Ml mxci`}xdl m{ mizlmchd òeokcimexm me lc{ gc{m{ oeokoclm{ hml xpcxciomexd xp cxciomexd hm lc x}`mpk}ld{o{% Z}mhm zpdh}kop eã}{mc{, wûioxd{, zïphohc hm czmxoxd, hdldp c`hdioecl y cpxok}lcp, pmckkodem{ clïpnokc{ clïpnokc{ kdid oeglcickoûe hm lc zoml y zokdp, hdldp hm kc`mrc, icpmd{ y xdvokohch dk}lcp &clxmpckoûe me lc zmpkmzkoûe hm ld{ kdldpm{ y wo{oûe `dppd{c, g}ehcimexclimexm/% g}ehcimexclimexm/% Zopcroeciohc% Lc zopcroeciohc m{ }e gãpickd cexox}`mpk}ld{d, pmlcxowcimexm idhmped, s}m zcpmkm ckx}cp hm gdpic {oiolcp c lc o{deocrohc% Z}mhm zpdh}kop, chmiã{ hm ec}{mc{ y wûioxd{, fmzcxdxdvokohch, hdldp cpxok}) lcp y gdxd{me{o`oloh g dxd{me{o`olohch1 ch1 c eowml imxc`ûlokd, z}mhm oekpmimexcp ld{ eowmlm{ hm ãkohd òpokd me {cenpm%
Gãpickd{ cexogòenokd{% Ld{ gãpickd{ cexogòenokd{ kdizpmehme }e np}zd hm kdiz}m{xd{ }xolorchd{ me ml xpcxciomexd hm lc{ oegmkkod) em{ zpdwdkchc{ zdp fdend{, llcichc{ iokd{o{% Lc{ iokd{o{ iã{ kdi}em{ {de cs}mllc{ s}m cgmkxce c lc zoml, }óc{, zmld d i}kd{c{, kdedkohc{ kdid iokd{o{ {}zmpgokoclm{1 {oe mi`cpnd, lc{ oegmkkodem{ gòenokc{ iã{ kdizlokchc{ hm xpcxcp {de lc{ iokd{o{ {o{xïiokc{ s}m, cl cgmkxcp xmbohd{ iã{ zpdg}ehd{ } ûpnced{, z}m) hme llmncp c kdizpdimxmp lc wohc hml zckomexm% Ld{ gãpickd{ cexogòenokd{ iã{ fc`ox}clm{ {de2 Cegdxmpckoec @% Lc cegdxmpckoec @ m{ kczcr hm }eop{m cl mpnd{xmpdl hm lc{ imi`pcec{ kml}lcpm{ gòenokc{, dponoecehd zdpd{ s}m zmpimce kdizdemexm{ oexpckml}lcpm{ m{mekoclm{ &zdp mbmizld, odem{ zdxc{od, cioedãko) hd{, mxk%/% Lc `c{m hm {} xdvokohch {mlmkxowc pchokc me lc icydp cgoeohch hml cexo`oûxokd zdp ml mpnd{) xmpdl gpmexm cl kdlm{xmpdl, zpoekozcl m{xmpdl hm lc{ kïl}lc{ m}kcpodxc{ hm iciégmpd{% Lc pm{o{xmekoc c lc cegdxmpckoec @ {m zpdh}km k}cehd ml fdend m{ kczcr hm clxmpcp ml mpnd{xmpdl hm {} imi`pcec% Hm gdpic nmempcl, zcpc mbmpkmp }ec ckkoûe {o{xïiokc, ml gãpickd {}mlm chioeo{xpcp{m zdp wéc oexpcwmed) {c% [}{ zpoekozclm{ pmckkodem{ pmckkodem{ chwmp{c{ {de2 iclm{xcp nmempcl, m{kcldgpéd{, gom`pm, kmgclmc, ec}{mc{ y wûioxd{% Me e}impd{c{ dkc{odem{ dkc{odem{ pm{}lxc emgpdxûvokc, fc`ox}climexm fc`ox}climexm oppmwmp{o`lm% Npo{mdg}lwoec% Lc npo{mdg}lwoec m{ }e cexo`oûxokd ecx}pcl zpdh}kohd zdp wcpoc{ m{zmkom{ hm Zmeokollo}i, m{zmkoclime) xm Z% npo{mdg}lw}i% [} m{zmkxpd m{xã pm{xpoenohd c hmpicxdgoxd{o{, kcpmkomehd hm ckxowohch gpmexm c dxpd{ fdend{ zcxûnmed{% Ckxòc }eoïehd{m c ld{ iokpdxò`}ld{ kml}lcpm{, oexmpgopomehd kde lc ioxd{o{ gòenokc% Z}mhm zpdwdkcp hdldp hm kc`mrc, idlm{xoc{ nc{xpdoexm{xoeclm{ nc{xpdoexm{xoeclm{ y gdxd{me{o`olohch% gdxd{me{o`olohch% Amxdkdecrdl% Ml amxdkdecrdl m{ }e cexogòenokd {oexïxokd kcpckxmporchd zdp lc zpm{mekoc me {} m{xp}kx}pc hm }e ceo) lld crûlokd pmzpm{mexcxowd% Hm gdpic nmempcl, zdhmid{ hmkop s}m m{xd{ hmpowchd{ crûlokd{ {de kde{o) hmpchd{ gãpickd{ hm {mn}ehc mlmkkoûe me ml xpcxciomexd hm lc{ oegmkkodem{ {o{xïiokc{ zpdh}kohc{ zdp howmp{d{ fdend{, xpc{ lc cegdxmpckoec @% Ld{ hmpowchd{ crûlokd{ oexmpgompme me lc {éexm{o{ hml mp) nd{xmpdl gòenokd, cl oefo`op lc K38)γ K38) γ)hm{imxolc{c, }ec meroic ckdzlchc cl koxdkpdid Z8=: y s}m xpce{gdpic lced{xmpdl me mpnd{xmpdl% M{xc oefo`okoûe clxmpc lc gl}ohmr hm lc imi`pcec, c}imexcehd c}imexcehd lc zmpimc`olohch y zpdh}komehd }ec oefo`okoûe hml kpmkoiomexd kml}lcp y hm lc pmzlokckoûe% M{xc oefo`o) koûe hml koxdkpdid Z8=: m{ pm{zde{c`lm hm ld{ mgmkxd{ chwmp{d{ s}m ld{ crdlm{ z}mhme kc}{cp me ml dpnceo{id f}iced% Lc{ zpoekozclm{ pmckkodem{ xûvokc{ {de cedpmvoc, ec}{mc{, wûioxd{ y hdldp mzo) nã{xpokd% Xci`oïe z}mhm zpdh}kop fmzcxdxdvokohch, hm{hm fmzcxoxo{ fc{xc emkpd{o{ fmzãxokc%
) 63 )
Oxpckdecrdl% Cl on}cl s}m ml amxdkdecrdl, ml oxpckdecrdl m{ }e cexogòenokd {oexïxokd kcpckxmporchd zdp lc zpm{mekoc me {} m{xp}kx}pc hm }e ceolld crûlokd% Ml imkceo{id hm ckkoûe ohïexokd% Z}mhm zpdwdkcp ec}{mc{, wûioxd{ y, c eowml imxc`ûlokd, z}mhm oekpmimexcp ld{ eowmlm{ hm lc{ xpce{cioec{c{ fmzãxokc{ y hm ld{ xponlokïpohd{% Gl}kdecrdl% Cl on}cl s}m ml amxdkdecrdl y ml oxpckdecrdl, ml gl}kdecrdl m{ }e cexogòenokd {oexïxokd kcpckxmporchd zdp lc zpm{mekoc me {} m{xp}kx}pc hm }e ceolld crûlokd% Ml imkceo{id hm ckkoûe m{ ohïexokd% Z}mhm zpdh}kop ec}{mc{ y wûioxd{, chmiã{ hm oekpmimexcp ld{ eowmlm{ hm xpce{cioec{c{ me {cenpm%
Gãpickd{ cexozcpc{oxcpod{% Ld{ gãpickd{ cexozcpc{oxcpod{ kdizpmehme }e np}zd hm imhokcimexd{ }xolorchd{ me ml xpcxciomexd hm lc{ oegmkkodem{ zcpc{oxcpoc{, g}ehcimexclimexm cs}mllc{ nmempchc{ zdp zpdxdrdd{ y fmlioexd{ &n}{ced{/% Ld{ zpoimpd{ {m kdedkme kdid gãpickd{ cexozpdxdrdcpod{, iomexpc{ s}m ld{ {mn}ehd{ {m hmedioece gãpickd{ cexofmliéexokd{% Gãpickd{ cexozpdxdrdcpod{% Ld{ zpdxdrdd{ kde{xox}yme }ed hm ld{ pmoed{ ceoiclm{ iã{ zpoioxowd{ hm lc fo{xdpoc hm lc Xomppc% Oe) kl}yme i}kfc{ m{zmkom{ hm oexmpï{ zdp {mp cnmexm{ hm megmpimhch hm f}iced{ y hm ceoiclm{ hd) iï{xokd{% Zdp hmgoeokoûe, ld{ zpdxdrdd{ {de {mpm{ }eokml}lcpm{ kde m{xp}kx}pc m}kcpoûxokc s}m zpm{mexce }e eòklmd hmexpd hm }ec imi`pcec s}m ld{ {mzcpc hml koxdzlc{ic y kde ld{ kpdid{dic{ {ox}chd{ me ml oexmpodp hml eòklmd% M{xd ld{ hogmpmekoc hm lc{ `ckxmpoc{, s}m {de zpdkcpodxc{ y s}m xom) eme ml HEC lo`pm zdp ml koxdzlc{ic% Ld{ gãpickd{ cexozpdxdrdcpod{ iã{ fc`ox}clm{ {de2 Kldpds}oec% d Lc kldpds}oec m{ }e imhokcimexd s}m {m }xolorc me lc zpmwmekoûe y xpcxciomexd hm lc iclcpoc d zcl}ho{id% M{xc megmpimhch {}mlm {mp xpce{ioxohc zdp lc zokch}pc hm }e id{s}oxd, c}es}m xci`oïe z}mhm fckmp{m zdp xpce{g}{oûe d oedk}lckoûe oewdl}excpoc hm {cenpm% Me lc {cenpm, ld{ zcpã{oxd{ s}m zpdh}kme lc iclcpoc pdizme lc fmidnld`oec s}m {m mek}mexpc me ld{ nlû) `}ld{ pdbd{ me fmid y nld`oec, pm{zmkxowcimexm% Lc zcpxm fmid m{ xûvokc zcpc ml zcpã{oxd, zdp ld s}m ï{xm lc xpce{gdpic me }ec {}{xcekoc ed xûvokc% Lc kldpds}oec ckxòc oizohomehd s}m {m zpdh}rkc m{xc xpce{gdpickoûe, kde ld s}m {m kde{on}m hm{xp}op cl zcpã{oxd% Ld{ mgmkxd{ chwmp{d{ hm lc kldpds}oec hmzmehme hm lc hd{o{ chioeo{xpchc% [} xdvokohch z}mhm {mp oizdpxcexm me xpcxciomexd{ zpdldenchd{% Me cln}ed{ kc{d{, z}mhm zpdh}kop ec}) {mc{, wûioxd{ y hocppmc, chmiã{ hm fozdxme{oûe cpxmpocl y howmp{c{ pmxoedzcxéc{ s}m k}p{ce kde }ec ho{ioe}koûe hm lc cn}hmrc wo{}cl y, pcpcimexm, kde }ec dzckogokckoûe hm lc kûpemc% Xci`oïe z}mhm zpdwdkcp iodzcxéc{ y em}pdzcxéc{% Zopoimxcioec% d Cl on}cl s}m lc kldpds}oec, lc zopoimxcioec m{ }e imhokcimexd s}m {m }xolorc me lc zpmwme) koûe y xpcxciomexd hm lc iclcpoc% Ml imkceo{id hm ckkoûe m{ ml io{id s}m me ml kc{d cexm) podp% Lc zopoimxcioec chioeo{xpchc me }ec xdic {micecl ed {}mlm zpdh}kop eoenòe mgmkxd chwmp{d% K}cehd {m chioeo{xpc hocpocimexm h}pcexm }e zmpodhd hm xomizd zpdldenchd z}m) hm zpdwdkcp gpmk}mexmimexm hmgokomekoc hm ãkohd gûlokd% Lc hmgokomekoc hm ãkohd gûlokd {m iceogom{xc kde cemioc imncld`lã{xokc, lm}kdzmeoc, cnpce}ldkoxd{o{, xpdi`dkoxdzmeoc, eã}) {mc{ y wûioxd{, oe{dieod y mp}zkodem{ k}xãemc{% C eowml em}pdlûnokd, z}mhm zpdwdkcp cxcvoc, xmi`ldpm{ y kdew}l{odem{% kdew}l{odem{% Zmexciohoec% d Lc zmexciohoec m{ }e imhokcimexd s}m {m }xolorc me ml xpcxciomexd hm megmpimhchm{ zpd) Zem}idko{xy{ kcpoeoo &zpdh}kxdp hm em}ideéc zlc{id) h}kohc{ zdp cln}ed{ zpdxdrdd{ kdid Zem}idko{xy{ kml}lcp oexmp{xokocl/, Xpyzced{dic &cnmexm kc}{cl hm lc xpozcedid{o{/ y Lmo{ficeoc &cnmexm kc}{cl hm lc lmo{ficeod{o{/% Ckxòc }eoïehd{m cl icxmpocl nmeïxokd hml zpdxdrdd &HEC y PEC/ m oizohm {} howo{oûe y hm{cppdlld, zpdwdkcehd lc i}mpxm hml zcpã{oxd% Me }e =:- hm ld{ kc) {d{, lc zmexciohoec z}mhm zpdh}kop mgmkxd{ chwmp{d{ me ml fdi`pm, g}ehcimexclimexm, fo) zdxme{oûe, fozdnl}kmioc, emgpdxdvokohch, fmzcxdxdvokohch y em}xpdzmeoc% Me zckomexm{ kde [OHC xci`oïe z}mhm zpdwdkcp zcekpmcxoxo{% Gãpickd{ cexofmliéexokd{% Ml xïpioed fmlioexd, s}m {oneogokc “n}{ced’, dponoeclimexm {m }{û zcpc hmedioecp c ld{ n}{ced{ oe) xm{xoeclm{, zmpd me {mexohd iã{ cizlod {}mlm oekl}op c xdhc{ lc{ m{zmkom{ zcpc{oxcpoc{ y hm wohc lo`pm hml {}`pmoed Imxcrdc , s}m menld`c g}ehcimexclimexm c zlcxmlioexd{ &n}{ced{ zlced{/, emicxdhd{ &n}{ced{ hm k}mpzd koléehpokd/ y ckcexdkïgcld{ &n}{ced{ hm k}mpzd koléehpokd kde ncekfd{ {ox}chd{ c eowml hm lc kc`mrc/%
) 60 )
Ld{ gãpickd{ cexofmliéexokd{ iã{ fc`ox}clm{ fc`ox}clm{ {de2 Im`mehcrdl% d Ml im`mehcrdl m{ }e imhokcimexd s}m {m }xolorc me ml xpcxciomexd hm megmpimhchm{ zpdh}) kohc{ zdp howmp{d{ zcpã{oxd{ hml xpckxd nc{xpdoexm{xoecl, g}ehcimexclimexm mexmpd`oc{o{, c{) kcpohoc{o{, ces}old{xdioc{o{ ces}old{xdioc{o{ y xpok}poc{o{, kczolcpoc{o{ y s}o{xm{ fohcxéhokd{% M{xm imhokcime) xd oizohm s}m ml zcpã{oxd }xolokm lc nl}kd{c, zpdwdkcehd }ec ho{ioe}koûe hm lc mempnéc y lc i}mpxm hml io{id% Ld{ mgmkxd{ chwmp{d{ {de, me nmempcl, zdkd gpmk}mexm{% Z}mhm zpdh}kop ec}{mc{, wûioxd{, hdldp c`hdioecl y hocppmc% Zopcexml% d Ml zopcexml m{ }e gãpickd }xolorchd me ml xpcxciomexd hm lc{ c{kcpohoc{o{ y lc{ mexmpd`oc{o{% Cl on}cl s}m me ml kc{d hml im`mehcrdl, {}{ zpoekozclm{ pmckkodem{ chwmp{c{ {de2 ec}{mc{, wûioxd{, hdldp c`hdioecl y hocppmc%
Gãpickd{ cexowopclm{% Ld{ gãpickd{ cexowopclm{ {de kdiz}m{xd{ }xolorchd{ zcpc ml xpcxciomexd hm lc{ oegmkkodem{ kc}{chc{ zdp wop}{, cnmexm{ oegmkkod{d{ kdiz}m{xd{ zdp }ec d wcpoc{ idlïk}lc{ hm ãkohd{ e}klmokd{, PEC d HEC &e}ekc ci`d{ c lc wmr/, pdhmchc{ hm }ec k}`ompxc zpdxmkxdpc, hm ecx}pclmrc zpdxmokc, hmedioechc kãz{ohc% kãz{ohc% Ml ãkohd e}klmokd z}mhm {mp idedkcxmecpod d `okcxmpecpod, kopk}lcp d loemcl% [de zcpã{oxd{ oexpckml}lcpm{ d`lonchd{% d`lonchd{% [} ãkohd e}klmokd kdexomem lc oegdpickoûe emkm{cpoc zcpc {} pmzlokckoûe me ml oexmpodp hm }ec kïl}lc fd{zmhchd) fd{zmhchd) pc {}{kmzxo`lm% Kcpmkme hm {o{xmic{ meroiãxokd{ zpdh}kxdpm{ hm mempnéc, po`d{dic{ zcpc lc {éexm{o{ zpdxmo) kc{ } dxpd{ dpnãe}ld{ kml}lcpm{% Zpãkxokcimexm xdhc{ lc{ meroic{ emkm{cpoc{ zcpc lc {éexm{o{ hm zpdxméec{ wopclm{ y lc pmzlokckoûe hml nmedic wopcl {de zpdzdpkodechc{ zdp lc kïl}lc fd{zmhchdpc% Ld{ wop}{ {de, zdp xcexd, pmzpdh}kohd{ zdp lc kïl}lc% Cln}ed{ wop}{ zd{mme, chmiã{, }ec mewdlx}pc lozdzpdxmokc, k}yd{ lézohd{ zpdwomeme hm lc kïl}lc oegmkxchc, y lc{ zpdxméec{ {de kdhogokchc{ zdp ml zpdzod nmedic wopcl% Ld{ gãpickd{ s}m `lds}mce lc pmzlokckoûe wépokc clxmpce xci`oïe ml g}ekodeciomexd hm lc{ kïl}lc{ edpiclm{, y ld{ léioxm{ mexpm lc{ hd{o{ xmpczï}xokc{ y lc{ hd{o{ xûvokc{ {de i}y m{xpmkfd{% Hm gdpic nmempcl, ld{ gãpickd{ cexowopclm{ {}mlme howohop{m me hd{ npcehm{ kcxmndpéc{2 Cexowépokd{ cexo)WOF &cexoppmxpdwopclm{/% Ml [OHC d {éehpdim hm oei}edhmgokomekoc f}icec m{ }ec megmpimhch oeh}kohc zdp lc oegmkkoûe hm }e pmxpdwop}{ kdedkohd kdid wop}{ hm lc oei}edhmgokomekoc f}icec &WOF/ y kcpckxmporchc zdp }ec zpdg}ehc oei}ed{}zpm{oûe me ml dpnceo{id, kde kcpckxmpé{xokc{ kléeokc{ howmp{c{, oekl}ohc{ lc{ oe) gmkkodem{ dzdpx}eo{xc{, lc{ emdzlc{oc{ iclonec{ y lc hmnmempckoûe hml [EK% Lc{ gdpic{ hm xpce{io) {oûe hml WOF {de ld{ zpoekozclm{ hmxmpioecexm{ hmxmpioecexm{ hm lc{ kcpckxmpé{xokc{ mzohmiodlûnokc{ mzohmiodlûnokc{ hml [OHC, m oe) kl}yme ml kdexckxd {mv}cl, lc oedk}lckoûe hm {cenpm d zpdh}kxd{ {cen}éemd{, m{zmkoclimexm hm`ohc cl mizlmd hm cn}bc{ kdizcpxohc{ zdp ld{ kde{}iohdpm{ hm hpdnc{, y lc xpce{io{oûe hm lc ichpm cl fobd, `ome me ml òxmpd, h}pcexm ml eckoiomexd d, imed{ gpmk}mexmimexm, me lc lckxcekoc% Ml d`bmxowd hm ld{ xpcxciomexd{ ckx}clm{ kde ld{ e}mwd{ gãpickd{, m{ {}zpoiop lc pmzlokckoûe hml WOF, zmpd xdhcwéc ed {m ho{zdem hm imhokcimexd{ s}m ld kde{once zdp kdizlmxd% [oe mi`cpnd, m{ kompxd s}m m{d{ e}mwd{ imhokcimexd{, kdi`oechd{ mexpm {é, fce imbdpchd hm gdpic i}y {me{o`lm lc mv) zmkxcxowc y lc kclohch hm wohc hm ld{ megmpid{ y fce pmh}kohd edxc`lmimexm lc czcpokoûe hm kdizlo) kckodem{ oegmkkod{c{% Ld{ gãpickd{ cexoppmxpdwopclm{ iã{ fc`ox}clm{ {de2 Rohdw}hoec% d Ml rohdw}hoec m{ }e gãpickd s}m oefo`m lc xpce{kpozxc{c oewmp{c hml WOF, meroic s}m zcpxoko) zc me lc i}lxozlokckoûe hml wop}{, xpce{gdpicehd ml PEC wopcl me HEC% Lc rohdw}hoec, cl `ld) s}mcp lc meroic, oizohm s}m ml wop}{ {m pmzpdh}rkc% C hd{o{ icydpm{ c 30::)3=:: in$héc y me xpcxciomexd{ zpdldenchd{ z}mhm zpdh}kop cemioc, em}xpdzmeoc, lm}kdzmeoc, eã}{mc{, m{) xpmóoiomexd, hdldp hm kc`mrc, wûioxd{, òlkmpc{ `}kclm{, iclm{xcp nmempcl, oe{dieod, kdeg}) {oûe y gom`pm% Ml 0:)8: - hm ld{ zckomexm{ xpcxchd{ kde m{xm imhokcimexd {m wme d`lonchd{ c {}{zmehmp ml xpcxciomexd kdid kde{mk}mekoc hm ld{ mgmkxd{ chwmp{d{% Lc chioeo{xpckoûe kdeb}exc kde zcpckmxcidl z}mhm {mp lmxcl zcpc ml zckomexm% Hohced{oec% d Cl on}cl s}m lc rohdw}hoec, lc hohced{oec m{ }e imhokcimexd s}m oefo`m lc xpce{kpozxc{c oe) wmp{c hml WOF% Ld{ mgmkxd{ chwmp{d{ hml gãpickd {de, me nmempcl, gpmk}mexm{% Z}mhm zpdh}) kop zcekpmcxoxo{ cn}hc, em}pdzcxéc zmpogïpokc &mex}imkoiomexd zmp{o{xmexm hm lc{ mvxpmiohc) hm{, fdpion}md d hdldp hm zom{ y iced{/, hocppmc, eã}{mc{, wûioxd{, m{kcldgpéd{, gom`pm, hd) ldp hm kc`mrc, kdew}l{odem{, em}ideéc m oe{dieod% Me m{xm kc{d, ed {m kdedkme clxmpckod) em{ fmicxdlûnokc{ kdid cemioc, em}xpdzmeoc d lm}kdzmeoc%
) 6; )
Cexowépokd{ ed WOF% Ld{ cexowépokd{ ed pmlckodechd{ kde ml WOF iã{ fc`ox}clm{ {de2 Ckokldwop% d Ml ckokldwop m{ }e cexowépokd s}m {m }xolorc me ml xpcxciomexd hm lc{ oegmkkodem{ zpdh}kohc{ zpdh}kohc{ zdp wop}{ fmpzm{ {oizlmv y wcpokmlc)rû{xmp% Ckxòc oefo`omehd lc zpdh}kkoûe hm icxmpocl nmeïxokd% M{xm icxmpocl {m emkm{oxc me lc pmzpdh}kkoûe y zcpc lc {}zmpwowmekoc hm ld{ wop}{% Ml ckokldwop ed hm{xp}ym ld{ wop}{, {o ed s}m hmxomem {} pmzpdh}kkoûe, kde{on}omehd ho{ioe}op ml eòimpd hm zcpxék}lc{ wépokc{, hm gdpic s}m zcpc ml {o{xmic oei}em {mc iã{ gãkol {}zmpcp lc oegmk) koûe% Lc oekohmekoc hm mgmkxd{ chwmp{d{ c}imexc kde{ohmpc`lmimexm kde{ohmpc`lmimexm kde lc h}pckoûe hml xpc) xciomexd% Lc chioeo{xpckoûe oexpcwmed{c zpdh}km icydp xdvokohch s}m lc dpcl% Ld{ mgmkxd{ chwmp{d{ iã{ gpmk}mexm{ hml ckokldwop k}cehd {m chioeo{xpc zdp wéc zcpmexmpcl {de2 hdldp me ml z}exd hm oeymkkoûe, glm`oxo{, mp}zkoûe mvcexmiãxokc, ec}{mc{, wûioxd{, ce{omhch m fozd) xme{oûe% Ld{ mgmkxd{ chwmp{d{ hml gãpickd k}cehd {m chioeo{xpc zdp wéc dpcl {de2 ec}{mc{, wûioxd{ y hocppmc, icpmd{, hdldp hm kc`mrc, kdew}l{odem{, cedpmvoc, kclci`pm{ i}{k}lcpm{, oe{dieod y clxmpckodem{ hml n}{xd% Me dkc{odem{, ml ckokldwop z}mhm chioeo{xpcp{m zdp wéc xû) zokc, c eowml dk}lcp, zpdwdkcehd zokdp y kdeb}exowoxo{% Dkc{odeclimexm z}mhm zpdh}kop {me{c) koûe hm s}micrûe me ld{ dbd{ m oeglcickoûe me ld{ zãpzchd{ y me lc kûpemc% Ncekokldwop% d Ml ncekokldwop m{ }e cexowépokd s}m pm{}lxc òxol me ml xpcxciomexd hm lc{ oegmkkodem{ zpdh}kohc{ zpdh}kohc{ zdp ld{ wop}{ fmpzm{ {oizlmv y wcpokmlc)rû{xmp, chmiã{ hm cln}ed{ koxdimncldwop}{% [m mi) zlmc zcpc zpmwmeop megmpimhchm{ zpdh}kohc{ zdp koxdimncldwop}{ &pmeoxo{, em}ideoxo{, mxk%/, xpc{ ml xpc{zlcexm cldnïeokd hm iïh}lc û{mc y me zmp{dec{ kde [OHC% Ckxòc oefo`omehd lc zpdh}kkoûe hm icxmpocl nmeïxokd% C hd{o{ mlmwchc{ z}mhm zpdh}kop em}xpdzmeoc y xpdi`dko) xdzmeoc, chmiã{ hm gom`pm, }pxokcpoc, ec}{mc{, wûioxd{ y hocppmc% Gd{kcpemx% d Ml gd{kcpemx m{ }e gãpickd s}m ckxòc oefo`omehd lc zpdh}kkoûe hml icxmpocl nmeïxokd hm cl) n}ed{ wop}{, kdid ml koxdimncldwop}{ f}iced y ml wop}{ hml fmpzm{% Hm m{xc icempc, ml gd{) kcpemx oizohm lc zpdzcnckoûe y {}zmpwowmekoc hml wop}{% M{xm imhokcimexd {m }xolorc me zc) komexm{ oei}edhmzpoiohd{ s}m ed zd{mme kczckohch {}gokomexm hm {}zmpcp lc oegmkkoûe zdp {é io{id{% Ld{ mgmkxd{ chwmp{d{ hm m{xm imhokcimexd {de, me nmempcl, gpmk}mexm{ y cln}ed{ hm mlld{ z}mhme {mp oizdpxcexm{% Ml gd{kcpemx z}mhm zpdh}kop gom`pm, }lkmpckodem{ hdldpd{c{ me lc zoml &{d`pm xdhd c eowml hm lc `dkc, zmem y `}l`d wcnoecl/, eã}{mc{, wûioxd{, hocppmc, zïphohc hm czmxoxd, clxmpckodem{ hml poóûe, ho{ioe}koûe hml kclkod, icnem{od y zdxc{od me {cenpm, hdldp hm kc`mrc, icpmd{ y cemioc% Cicexchoec% d Lc cicexchoec m{ }e imhokcimexd s}m ckxòc oizohomehd ml ckkm{d hm lc{ kïl}lc{ pmzpdh}k) xdpc{ hml wop}{ hm lc npozm xozd C {d`pm lc{ kïl}lc{ f}icec{% Hm m{xc icempc oizohm lc zpd) zcnckoûe y {}zmpwowmekoc hml wop}{% Zpoekozclimexm, {m }xolorc zcpc zpmwmeop y xpcxcp ml wop}{ hm lc npozm xozd C me zckomexm{ oei}edhmzpoiohd{ s}m ed zd{mme kczckohch {}gokomexm hm {}zmpcp lc oegmkkoûe zdp {é io{id{% Ld{ mgmkxd{ chwmp{d{ hm m{xm imhokcimexd {de gpmk}me) xm{ y cln}ed{ hm mlld{ z}mhme {mp oizdpxcexm{% Lc cicexchoec z}mhm zpdh}kop eã}{mc{, zïphohc hm czmxoxd, m{xpmóoiomexd, pmxmekoûe hm lés}ohd me lc{ mvxpmiohchm{, {me{ckoûe hm icpmd cl kci`ocp hm zd{x}pc, oe{dieod, hmzpm{oûe, ce{omhch, cnpm{owohch, cl}koeckodem{ y kdew}l{odem{ xpce{oxdpoc{ me eoód{ kde cexmkmhmexm{% Oexmpgmpdem{ γ, ΰ y λ% d Ld{ oexmpgmpdem{ kdizpmehme }ec gcioloc hm zpdxméec{ hm `cbd zm{d idlmk}lcp {oexmxorchc{ zdp wcpod{ xozd{ kml}lcpm{, nmempclimexm me pm{z}m{xc c }ec oegmkkoûe wopcl hm lc zpdzoc kïl}) lc% Ml zpoekozcl zczml `odlûnokd hm ld{ oexmpgmpdem{ pchokc me {} zdxmexm y cizloc ckxowohch ce) xowopcl, me lc idh}lckoûe hm lc ckxowohch hm lc{ kïl}lc{ EA y me lc pmn}lckoûe hm lc howo{oûe km) l}lcp% G}ehcimexclimexm, mvo{xme xpm{ klc{m{ hm oexmpgmpdem{2 OGE)γ OGE) γ &clgc/, OGE)ΰ OGE)ΰ &`mxc/ m OGE)λ OGE)λ &nciic/% [}mlme {mp i}y òxolm{ me ml xpcxciomexd hm lc{ fmzcxoxo{% Lc{ zpoekozclm{ pm) ckkodem{ chwmp{c{ k}p{ce kde }e k}chpd hm {éexdic{ npozclm{ &gom`pm, gcxonc, hdldp hm kc`m) rc, m{kcldgpéd{, {ms}mhch hm `dkc, xcs}okcphoc y hdldp i}{k}lcp/1 xci`oïe z}mhme zpdwdkcp ec}{mc{, cemioc, cedpmvoc y ioclnoc{% Ml oexmpgmpûe clgc)0@ z}mhm cgmkxcp c lc{ g}ekodem{ hml {o{xmic empwod{d kmexpcl, zdp ld s}m m{ zd{o`lm s}m {m zpdh}rkc }ec oexmpckkoûe {o {m chioeo{xpce {oi}lxãemcimexm kde z{okdgãpickd{% Me cln}ed{ kc{d{, lc chioeo{xpckoûe hm m{xm gãpickd fc oeh}kohd cl {}okohod c kompxd{ zckomexm{% zckomexm{%
) 68 )
XXMMIC IC 00?% mp czoc ffdpidecl% dp idecl% mp 0??%% XXm pczoc Lc{ fdpidec{ {de {}{xcekoc{ s}éiokc{ {mkpmxchc{ me ld{ lés}ohd{ kdpzdpclm{ zdp }ec kïl}lc d }e np}zd hm kïl}lc{ s}m mbmpkme }e mgmkxd go{odlûnokd {d`pm dxpc{ kïl}lc{ hml dpnceo{id% [de {mkpmxchc{ zdp nlãeh}lc{ mehdkpoec{, hmexpd hml hmedioechd {o{xmic mehdkpo) ed% Ml {o{xmic mehdkpoed kdizpmehm ml kdeb}exd hm ûpnced{ y xmbohd{ hml dpnceo{id s}m lo`mpce fdpidec{ cl xdppmexm {cen}éemd% {cen}éemd% Ld{ ûpnced{ mehdkpoed{ mehdkpoed{ xci`oïe x ci`oïe {m hmedioece nlãeh}lc{ mehdkpoec{1 lc{ nlãeh}lc{ mvd) kpoec{, zdp dxpc zcpxm, lo`mpce {}{ {mkpmkodem{ {d`pm lc {}zmpgokom oexmpec d mvxmpec hm ld{ xmbohd{ k}xãemd{, lc i}kd{c hml m{xûicnd d ml pmwm{xoiomexd hm ld{ kdeh}k) xd{ zcekpmãxokd{% Lc{ fdpidec{ pmn}lce ml kpmkoiomexd, hm{cppdlld y lc{ g}ekodem{ hm i}kfd{ xmbohd{, y kddpho) ece ld{ zpdkm{d{ imxc`ûlokd{ hml dpnceo{id% G}ehc) imexclimexm, ld{ xmbohd{ s}m zpdh}kme fdpidec{ {m z}mhme klc{ogokcp me xpm{ np}zd{2 3/ nlãeh}lc{ mehdkpo) ec{, k}yc g}ekoûe m{ lc zpdh}kkoûe mvkl}{owc hm fdpidec{, 0/ nlãeh}lc{ mehdmvdkpoec{, s}m zpdh}kme {m) kpmkodem{ fdpideclm{ fdpideclm{ y ed fdpideclm{ hm gdpic kdeb}exc, y ;/ kompxd{ xmbohd{ ed nlceh}lcpm{, kdid ml xmbohd empwod{d hml {o{xmic empwod{d c}xûedid, s}m zpdh}km {}{xcekoc{ g}ekodeclimexm {mimbcexm{ c lc{ fdpid) ec{% Lc zpoekozcl nlãeh}lc mehdkpoec m{ lc fozûgo{o{, xci`oïe kdedkohc kdid nlãeh}lc zox}oxcpoc, }`okchc me lc `c{m hml kpãemd, {d`pm lc hmedioechc {ollc x}pkc hml m{gmedohm{% Lc fozûgo{o{ pmn}lc ml g}ekodeciomexd hm dxpc{ nlãeh}lc{ mehdkpoec{ kdid ml xopdohm{, lc{ nlãeh}lc{ {}zpcppmeclm{, ld{ dwcpod{, ml zãekpmc{, mxk% M{xã gdpichc zdp xpm{ lû`}ld{ hogmpmexm{2 3/ ml cexmpodp, 0/ ml oexmpimhod, s}m me ml {mp { mp f}iced {ûld mvo{xm h}pcexm }e kdpxd zmpodhd hm lc wohc, y ;/ ml zd{xmpodp% Ld{ lû`}ld{ cexmpodp y zd{xmpodp hm lc fozûgo{o{ {mnpmnce fdpid) ec{ hogmpmexm{% Ml lû`}ld cexmpodp hm lc fozûgo{o{, fc`ox}climexm kdedkohd kdid chmedfozûgo{o{, lo`mpc wcpoc{ fdpidec{ s}m m{xoi}lce lc g}ekoûe hm dxpc{ nlãeh}lc{ mehdkpoec{, kdid zdp mbmizld, lc fdpidec chpmed) kdpxokdxpûzokc &CKXF/, s}m m{xoi}lc lc kdpxmrc {}zpcppmecl, lc fdpidec m{xoi}lcexm hm lc nlãeh}lc xopdohm{ d xopdxpdzoec &X[F/, s}m kdexpdlc ml xopdohm{, lc fdpidec gdlok}ldm{xoi}lcexm &G[F/, s}m m{xoi}lc ld{ gdlék}ld{ dwãpokd{, lc fdpidec l}xmoeorcexm &LF/, s}m m{xoi}lc lc{ nlãeh}lc{ {mv}clm{, y lc zpdlckxoec &ZPL/ s}m, cl on}cl s}m dxpc{ fdpidec{ m{zmkoclm{, oegl}ym me lc zpdh}kkoûe hm lmkfm zdp lc{ nlãeh}lc{ icicpoc{% Lc fozû) go{o{ cexmpodp xci`oïe m{ g}mexm hm zpdh}kkoûe hm lc fdpidec hml kpmkoiomexd d {dicxdxpdzoec &NF d [XF/, s}m gcwdpmkm ml hm{cppdlld hm ld{ xmbohd{ hml dpnceo{id, me zcpxok}lcp lc icxpor û{mc y ml iò{k}ld, m oegl}ym {d`pm ml imxc`dlo{id hm ld{ fohpcxd{ hm kcp`ded% Goeclimexm, lc chmedfozûgo{o{ {mkpmxc lc hmedioechc fdp) idec m{xoi}lchdpc hm ld{ imlcedkoxd{, s}m gcwdpmkm lc {éexm{o{ hm imlceoec me lc{ kïl}lc{ zonimexchc{ d imlcedkoxd{% Me lc hïkchc hm 3?>:, kompxd{ komexégokd{ d`{mpwcpde s}m lc fozûgo{o{ cexmpodp xci`oïe zpdh}kéc {}{xcekoc{ llcichc{ mehdpgoec{, s}m {de zïzxohd{ s}m ckxòce {d`pm ml {o{xmic empwod{d kmexpcl y zmpogïpokd zcpc pmh}kop lc {me{o`olohch cl hdldp% Ml fozdxãlcid, zdpkoûe hml kmpm`pd hm hdehm hmpowc lc fozûgo{o{, {mkpmxc lc hmedioechc fdpidec cexoho}pïxokc d wc{dzpm{oec &CHF/, s}m kopk}lc y {m clickmec me ml lû`}ld zd{xmpodp hm lc fozûgo{o{, xci`oïe kdedkohd kdid em}pdfozûgo{o{% em}pdfozûgo{o{% Lc wc{dzpm{oec kdexpdlc lc kcexohch hm cn}c mvkpmxc) hc zdp ld{ poódem{ m oekpmimexc lc zpm{oûe {cen}éemc% Ml lû`}ld zd{xmpodp hm lc fozûgo{o{ xci`oïe clickmec }ec fdpidec gc`pokchc zdp ml fozdxãlcid llcichc dvoxdkoec, kczcr hm m{xoi}lcp lc{ kdexpckkodem{ i}{k}lc) pm{, me m{zmkocl lc{ kdexpckkodem{ }xmpoec{, y lc mvkpmkoûe hm lmkfm zdp lc{ nlãeh}lc{ icicpoc{% Lc {mkpmkoûe hm cln}ec{ hm lc{ fdpidec{ hm lc fozûgo{o{ cexmpodp m{xã {}bmxc c kdexpdl fozdxclãiokd% Me m{xm {mexohd, xmemid{ s}m2 c/ lc {mkpmkoûe hm xopdxpdzoec m{xã m{xoi}lchc zdp ml hmedioechd gckxdp lo`mpchdp hm xopdxpdzoec &XPF/, `/ lc {mkpmkoûe hm lc{ ndechdxpdzoec{, ndechdxpdzoec{, m{ hmkop, G[F y LF, m{xã m{xoi}lchc zdp ml hmedio) echd gckxdp lo`mpchdp hm lc{ fdpidec{ ndechdxpûgokc{ &NePF/, k/ lc hdzcioec mlc`dpchc zdp ml fozdxãlcid {}mlm oefo`op lc lo`mpckoûe hm zpdlckxoec zdp lc fozûgo{o{ cexmpodp, y h/ lc lo`mpckoûe hm lc fdpidec hm kpmkoiome) xd {m m{xoi}lc zdp ckkoûe hml gckxdp lo`mpchdp hm lc fdpidec hm kpmkoiomexd &NFPF/, y {m oefo`m zdp lc {dic) xd{xcxoec &NFPOF/, {oexmxorchc xci`oïe me ml zãekpmc{% Ml fozdxãlcid xci`oïe m{ kczcr hm {mkpmxcp lc hm) edioechc fdpidec lo`mpchdpc hm kdpxokdxpdzoec &KPF/, kczcr hm m{xoi}lcp lc zpdh}kkoûe hm chpmedkdpxokd) xpdzoec &CKXF/ me lc{ kãz{}lc{ {}zpcppmeclm{% Hm gdpic nmempcl, lc xmpczoc fdpidecl {m `c{c me chioeo{xpcp fdpidec{ pmn}lchdpc{ me }e hmxmpioechd zckomexm kde ml goe hm ms}olo`pcp lc{ g}ekodem{ cedpiclm{ cedpiclm{ hm {} dpnceo{id% Me m{xm {mexohd, pm{}lxc i}y oexm) pm{cexm lc chioeo{xpckoûe hm fdpidec{ {mv}clm{ c i}bmpm{ imedzã}{okc{, lc chioeo{xpckoûe hm oe{}loec c zckomexm{ hoc`ïxokd{ m oekl}{d lc chioeo{xpckoûe hm cexokdekmzxowd{ dpclm{ kdid iïxdhd pmn}lchdp hm lc gc{m ime{xp}cl y iïxdhd zpdgolãkxokd zcpc mwoxcp ml mi`cpcrd%
) 6= )
[EK M[XOI]LD[
FOZDXCLCID FDPIDEC[ FDPIDEC[ LO@MPCHDP LO@MPCHDPC[ C[
FOZDGO[O[ FDPIDEC[ FDPIDEC[ XPDGOKC[ XPDGOKC[
NLCEH]LC[ &XMBOHD[ HOG][D[/ “Gmmh @cka’ FDPIDEC[ “Gmmh @cka’
CKKODEM[ @ODLÛNOKC[
ZPOEKOZCLM[ FDPIDEC[ FOZDXCLÃIOKC[ M FOZDGO[CPOC[ Fozdxãlcid Fozûgo{o{ Ûpnced hocec XPF
↓X[F ↓ZPL
NePF
↓G[F$LF
NFPF
↓NF
KPF
↓CKXF
[dicxd{xcxoec Hdzcioec
↛NF y dxpc{ ↛ZPL
CHF Dvoxdkoec
Xopdohm{2 m{xoi}lc lc {mkpmkoûe hm fdpidec{ xopdohmc{% M{xoi}lc ml hm{cppdlld hm lc nlãeh}lc icicpoc y lc zpd) h}kkoûe hm lmkfm% Dwcpod2 m{xoi}lc lc dw}lckoûe, gcwdpmkm lc zpdh}kkoûe hm m{xpûnmed{ y zpdnm{xmpdec% Xm{xék}ld2 m{xoi}lc lc m{zmpicxdnïem{o{, gcwdpmkm lc zpdh}kkoûe hm xm{xd{xmpdec% Fénchd2 gckoloxc lc {éexm{o{ hm kompxd{ icpkchdpm{ hm kpmkoiomexd ceãldnd{ c lc oe{}loec, kdid ml gckxdp ONG3% Imxc`dlo{id2 fozmpnl}kmioc, lozûlo{o{, ↓{éexm{o{ zpdxmokc% Gcwdpmkm ml kpmkoiomexd kp mkoiomexd nmempcl% Kãz{}lc{ {}zpcppmeclm{2 {}zpcppmeclm{2 m{xoi}lc lc zpdh}kkoûe hm nl}) kdkdpxokdohm{% Poóûe2 gcwdpmkm lc pmc`{dpkoûe hm cn}c% Òxmpd2 gcwdpmkm lc kdexpckkoûe% Nlãeh}lc icicpoc2 gcwdpmkme lc mymkkoûe lãkxmc%
) 67 )
Fdpidec{ zpdh}kohc{ zdp lc fozûgo{o{ cexmpodp% Lc fdpidec hm kpmkoiomexd, NF, m{xoi}lc ml kpmkoiomexd loemcl hm ld{ f}m{d{ y c}imexc lc ic{c i}{k}lcp1 m{xd m{, xomem }e mgmkxd cec`ûlokd nmempcl% Chmiã{, c eowml imxc`ûlokd gcwdpmkm lc hmnpchckoûe hm lc{ npc) {c{ kdid g}mexm hm mempnéc &lozûlo{o{/, kde ld s}m edpiclorc ld{ eowmlm{ hm lézohd{ me {cenpm% Lc chioeo{xpc) koûe xmpczï}xokc hm NF {}mlm {mp fc`ox}cl me zckomexm{ s}m zpm{mexce xpc{xdped{ me ml kpmkoiomexd, edpicl) imexm oekczckm{ hm {mkpmxcp lc fdpidec zdp {é io{id{% Me cln}ed{ kc{d{, m{xm xpcxciomexd z}mhm zpdwdkcp zpdwdkcp }ec ho{g}ekoûe hm lc nlãeh}lc xopdohm{ c lcpnd zlcrd, oizlokcehd }e c}imexd me zpdh}kkoûe hm fdpidec{ xopdohmc{, c {c`mp2 xpoydhdxopdvoec &X;/ y xopd{oec d xmxpcydhdxopdvoec &X8/% Hm gdpic nmempcl, }e c}imexd fdp) idecl c eowml xopdohmd z}mhm zpdwdkcp, mexpm dxpd{ i}kfd{ mgmkxd{ chwmp{d{, fozmpxme{oûe &{d`pm xdhd c eowml kpcemcl/, chmlncrciomexd, kce{cekod, oe{dieod, empwod{o{id y xcs}okcphoc% Lc chioeo{xpckoûe hm NF me zc) komexm{ kde ho{g}ekoûe pmecl, hdehm ml cklcpciomexd hml kclkod czcpmkm pmh}kohd, z}mhm zpdwdkcp fozmpkcl) kmioc% Zdp dxpc zcpxm, zckomexm{ xpcxchd{ kde pchodxmpczoc z}mhme {}gpop lm}kmioc% C eowml ldkcl, me ml z}exd hm oeymkkoûe, z}mhm czcpmkmp lozdho{xpdgoc &xpc{xdped hml imxc`dlo{id hm lc{ npc{c{ s}m kdeh}km c }ec ho{) xpo`}koûe kdpzdpcl cxézokc hm lc io{ic/ m oppoxckoûe k}xãemc% Hm`ohd c ld kd{xd{d hml xpcxciomexd, {m hm`m zlcexmcp lc emkm{ohch pmcl hm czlokcpld, dioxomehd zmp{dec{ s}m {de {oizlmimexm hm `cbc m{xcx}pc% ]ec ch) ioeo{xpckoûe c lcpnd zlcrd, zdp dxpc zcpxm, oizlokc lc zpdh}kkoûe hm cexok}mpzd{ zdp zcpxm hml dpnceo{id, kde ld s}m {m c}imexc lc pm{o{xmekoc nld`cl c lc fdpidec% Ml gckxdp lo`mpchdp hm lc fdpidec hm kpmkoiomexd, NFPF, pm{}lxc òxol k}cehd lc lo`mpckoûe hm NF m{ hmgo) komexm% Hm gdpic nmempcl, ld{ mgmkxd{ chwmp{d{ {de gpmk}mexm{, c}es}m lmwm{ y xpce{oxdpod{% Ld{ iã{ fc`ox}c) lm{ {de2 p}`dp p }`dp gckocl, kde{xpokkoûe xdpãkokc, bcs}mkc, ec}{mc{, clxmpckoûe hml n}{xd, xcs}okcphoc d `pchokcphoc, m fozmpxme{oûe d fozdxme{oûe% Lc chioeo{xpckoûe hm NFPF, zdp dxpc zcpxm, kdizlokc lc{ clxmpckodem{ clxmpckodem{ zpdh}ko) hc{ c eowml xopdohmd% C lcpnd zlcrd, chmiã{, oizlokc lc zpdh}kkoûe hm cexok}mpzd{ zdp zcpxm hml dpnceo{id% Ml gckxdp hm oefo`okoûe hm lc zpdh}kkoûe hm lc fdpidec hm kpmkoiomexd d {dicxd{xcxoec, NFPOF, ed {}mlm }xolorcp{m kdid xcl, hm`ohd c s}m zpm{mexc }e `cbd zmpodhd hm {miowohc zlc{iãxokc% Me m{xm {mexohd, ld iã{ fc`ox}cl m{ }xolorcp ml dkxmûxpohd, }e ceãldnd hm NFPOF, iã{ zdxmexm y {mlmkxowd {d`pm lc oefo`okoûe hm NF, s}m zpm{mexc }e zmpodhd hm {miowohc zlc{iãxokc {}zmpodp% Pm{}lxc òxol me ml xpcxciomexd hm x}idpm{ nc{xpdmexmpdzcekpmãxokd{, nc{xpdmexmpdzcekpmãxokd{, wcpokm{ m{dgãnokc{ {cenpcexm{ y lc dgxclidzcxéc hm Npcwm{)@c{mhd~, Npcwm{)@c{mhd~, s}m m{ }ec cgmkxckoûe dk}lcp s}m kde gpmk}mekoc ckdizcóc cl fozmpxopdoho{id me lc megmpimhch hm Npcwm{)@c{mhd~% Lc megmpimhch hm Npcwm{)@c{mhd~ m{ }e xpc{xdped g}ekodecl hml xopdohm{, s}m kde{o{xm me }e mvkm{d hm ckxowo) hch hml io{id &fozmpxopdoho{id/% Ml dkxmûxpohd xci`oïe {m }xolorc zcpc kdexpcppm{xcp lc fozmpnl}kmioc me zc) komexm{ kde iclcpoc, m oekl}{d zcpc mwoxcp lc zcpokoûe hm gé{x}lc{ zcekpmãxokc{ hm{z}ï{ hm }e zpdkm{d s}opòp) nokd% Hm gdpic nmempcl, xcexd ml dkxmûxpohd kdid dxpd{ ceãldnd{ hm NFPOF kdpponme lc{ fozmp{mkpmkodem{ fdpideclm{ hm NF% Ld{ mgmkxd{ chwmp{d{ hm m{xd{ gãpickd{ {de, me nmempcl, lmwm{ y xpce{oxdpod{% Ld{ iã{ gpmk}mexm{ {de hm xozd honm{xowd, kdid ec}{mc{, zïphohc hm czmxoxd, hdldp c`hdioecl, c`hdioecl, nc{m{ d fmkm{ npc{c{, zpoekozclimexm% zpoekozclimexm% Pcpcimexm z}mhme zpdh}kop dxpd{ mgmkxd{ {mk}ehcpod{ kdid hdldp, zokdp d oeglcickoûe me lc rdec hm oeymkkoûe, d clxmpckodem{ hml fénchd, hm lc wm{ék}lc `olocp d hml zãekpmc{, zpdwdkcehd lc czcpokoûe hm kãlk}ld{ `olocpm{, zcekpmcxoxo{ m fozdoe{}loeo{id% fozdoe{}loeo{id% Ml gckxdp lo`mpchdp hm lc{ fdpidec{ ndechdxpûgokc{ ndechdxpûgokc{, NePF, m{xoi}lc lc zpdh}kkoûe hm lc{ fdpidec{ LF y G[F, zdp ld s}m oeh}km d pmn}lc ld{ zpdkm{d{ hm dw}lckoûe% [}mlm }xolorcp{m me ml xpcxciomexd hm lc oeglcic) koûe hml mehdimxpod, ld{ iodic{ }xmpoed{, ml kãekmp hm zpû{xcxc, ml kãekmp hm icic y ml fop{}xo{id hm dpo) nme dwãpokd% Chioeo{xpchd me i}bmpm{, {}{ zpoekozclm{ mgmkxd{ chwmp{d{ {de gcxonc, hmzpm{oûe, hdldp hm zm) kfd, bcs}mkc y {cenpchd }xmpoed% Chmiã{, }e }{d kdexoe}chd ho{ioe}ym lc zpdh}kkoûe hm m{xpûnmed{ dwãpo) kd{% Me i}bmpm{ cimedppïokc{ z}mhm zpdh}kop }ec fozmpm{xoi}lckoûe dwãpokc% Chioeo{xpchd me wcpdem{, z}mhm zpdwdkcp }ec lonmpc noemkdic{xoc &kpmkoiomexd zcxdlûnokd hml wm{xonod icicpod/ y ho{ioe}koûe hm lc lo`ohd% Chmiã{, xci`oïe z}mhme czcpmkmp howmp{d{ {éexdic{ fozdndechclm{% Xcexd me i}bmpm{ kdid me wcpdem{, lc chioeo{xpckoûe hm NePF z}mhm zpdwdkcp d{xmdzdpd{o{, c}imexcehd ml pom{nd hm zpdh}kkoûe hm gpckx}pc{, {d`pm xdhd me i}bmpm{% Fdpidec{ zpdh}kohc{ zdp lc fozûgo{o{ zd{xmpodp% Lc wc{dzpm{oec zpdwdkc lc kdexpckkoûe hm lc i}{k}lcx}pc lo{c c eowml hm lc{ cpxmpodlc{, ml oexm{xoed y ml òxmpd, fmkfd s}m {m xpch}km me }e c}imexd hm lc zpm{oûe cpxmpocl y hml zmpo{xclxo{id oexm{xoecl% Gcwdpmkm, c{oio{) id, lc pmc`{dpkoûe hml cn}c c eowml hml xò`}ld pmecl% Lc hm{idzpm{oec, edi`pm c`pmwochd hm lc hm{cioed) H)cpnoeoec wc{dzpm{oec &HHCWZ/, m{ }e ceãldnd {oexïxokd hm lc wc{dzpm{oec, hm{zpdwo{xd hm mgmkxd{ wc{dck) xowd{ c hd{o{ xmpczï}xokc{% [}mlm }xolorcp{m me lc hoc`mxm{ oe{ézohc, me lc me}pm{o{ edkx}pec &iokkoûe oewdl}e) xcpoc h}pcexm lc edkfm/, me lc fozdecxpmioc y me ml hocneû{xokd hm cln}ec{ oegmkkodem{ oegmkkodem{ }poecpoc{% [}{ mgmkxd{ chwmp{d{ {de, me nmempcl, zdkd gpmk}mexm{% Z}mhm zpdh}kop kclci`pm{ c`hdioeclm{ d hm m{xûicnd, d`{) xp}kkoûe ec{cl y mepdbmkoiomexd hm lc zoml% K}cehd {m chioeo{xpce hd{o{ mlmwchc{ z}mhm zpdh}kop eã}{mc{, hdldp hm kc`mrc m oekpmimexd hm lc zpm{oûe {cen}éemc%
) 6> )
Lc dvoxdkoec ckxòc m{xoi}lcehd ml iò{k}ld lo{d hml òxmpd fckoc ml goecl hml mi`cpcrd, h}pcexm ml zcpxd y hm{) z}ï{ hml zcpxd% Hm gdpic nmempcl, c}imexc lc cizlox}h y lc gpmk}mekoc hm lc{ kdexpckkodem{ hml òxmpd% Xomem mgmkxd{ holcxchdpm{ me ld{ wc{d{ {o{xïiokd{ s}m z}mhme zpdwdkcp xcs}okcphoc{% Chmiã{, m{xoi}lc lc mvkpm) koûe hm lmkfm zdp lc{ nlãeh}lc{ icicpoc{% [}mlm }xolorcp{m me lc oeh}kkoûe hml zcpxd, zcpc zpdwdkcp lc m{xoi}lckoûe hm lc{ kdexpckkodem{ }xmpoec{ me ml kc{d hm s}m ed {m zpdh}rkce ecx}pclimexm% Ld{ mgmkxd{ chwmp{d{ hm lc dvoxdkoec {de, me nmempcl, gpmk}mexm{ y z}mhme {mp oizdpxcexm{% Z}mhm zpdh}kop mvkm{owc kdexpckkoûe hml òxmpd d p}zx}pc hml òxmpd% C mlmwchc{ hd{o{ z}mhm czcpmkmp clxmpckoûe hml poxid kcphockd me lc ichpm y ho{ioe}koûe hml poxid kcphockd me ml gmxd% Me cln}ed{ kc{d{ {m fce hm{kpoxd kc{d{ hm i}mpxm hml eoód d hm lc ichpm% Me pcpc{ dkc{odem{ z}mhm zpdh}kop c}imexd hm ld{ eowmlm{ hm `olopp}`oec me {cenpm, fozmpxme{oûe, kdldpckoûe cicpollmexc me zoml d i}kd{c{, eã}{mc{, wûioxd{ y kdic% Ml }{d hm dvoxdkoec m{xã kdexpcoehokchd h}pcexm ml zpoimp d {mn}ehd xpoim{xpm hml mi`cpcrd% [m pmkdiomehc mvxpmicp lc{ zpmkc}) kodem{ k}cehd {m }{m h}pcexm ml zcpxd% Lc dvoxdkoec z}mhm zc{cp c lc lmkfm icxmpec, zdp ld s}m {m pmkdiomehc pmxpc{cp ml kdiomerd hm lc lckxcekoc cl imed{ }e héc hm{z}ï{ hm s}m {m fc hmbchd hm chioeo{xpcp lc dvoxdkoec% Me i}bmpm{ i}lxézcpc{ s}m fce {}gpohd cln}ec km{ãpmc d oeko{oûe c eowml }xmpoed c ld lcpnd hm {} wohc xcizdkd m{ pmkdimehc`lm ml }{d hm lc dvoxdkoec%
Fdpidec{ xopdohmc{ y cexoxopdohmc{% Lc nlãeh}lc xopdohm{ m{ }e ûpnced {ox}chd me lc pmnoûe cexmpodp hml k}mlld s}m czcpmkm gdpichd zdp hd{ lû`}) ld{ `olcxmpclm{, kdemkxchd{ me ml kmexpd zdp }e o{xid m{xpmkfd% [mkpmxc lc{ fdpidec{ xopd{oec d xmxpcydhdxo) pdvoec &X8/ y xpoydhdxopdvoec &X;/, mvz}m{xc{ `cbd ml kdexpdl hm lc fdpidec fozdgo{cpoc X[F% [ÉEXDIC[ C[DKOCHD[ C HM[MS]OLO@POD ME LD[ EOWMLM[ HM FDPIDEC[ XOPDOHMC[ FOZDXOPDOHO[ID FOZMPXOPDOHO[ID Imxc`dlo{id hm lézohd{
C}imexd hm ld{ eowmlm{ hm kdlm{xmpdl, gd{gdlézo) Ho{ioe}koûe hm ld{ eowmlm{ hm kdlm{xmpdl, hd{ y xponlokïpohd{% gd{gdlézohd{ y xponlokïpohd{% Oekpmimexd hm ld{ eowmlm{ hm ãkohd{ npc{d{% Imxc`dlo{id hm woxcioec{ C}imexd hm lc{ emkm{ohchm{ woxciéeokc{ &kcpmekoc/% Imxc`dlo{id hm fohpcxd{ hm kcp`ded Ho{ioe}koûe hm lc c`{dpkoûe y {mkpmkoûe hm C}imexd hm lc c`{dpkoûe y {mkpmkoûe hm oe{}) oe{}loec c eowml zcekpmãxokd% loec c eowml zcekpmãxokd% Ho{ioe}koûe hm ld{ pms}mpoiomexd{ hm oe{}loec% Oekpmimexd hm lc nl}kdnïem{o{% [ox}ckoûe hm pm{o{xmekoc c lc oe{}loec% Zm{d kdpzdpcl C}imexd idhmpchd% Ho{ioe}koûe idhmpchc% Czcpcxd kcphodwc{k}lcp Wc{dkde{xpokkoûe% Wc{dholcxckoûe% Ho{ioe}koûe hml nc{xd kcphockd% C}imexd hml nc{xd kcphockd% Ho{ioe}koûe hm {me{o`olohch c kcxmkdlcioec{% C}imexd hm lc gpmk}mekoc kcphockc% Xcs}okcphoc% C}imexd hm lc zpm{oûe {o{xûlokc% Hmppcim zmpokãphokd% Ho{ioe}koûe hm lc zpm{oûe hoc{xûlokc% C}imexd hm pm{o{xmekoc wc{k}lcp zmpogïpokc% Icexmeoiomexd hm lc zpm{oûe cpxmpocl imhoc% C}imexd hm lc zpm{oûe {o{xûlokc% C}imexd hml wdl}ime {cen}éemd% C}imexd hm lc zpm{oûe cpxmpocl imhoc% Cemioc% Czcpcxd pm{zopcxdpod Eûh}ld{ z}lidecpm{ zdp oegolxpckoûe iovdohm% Oekpmimexd hm lc oexme{ohch y zpdg}ehohch Wdr npcwm% pm{zopcxdpoc% Czcpcxd honm{xowd Ho{ioe}koûe hm lc idxolohch &m{xpmóoiomexd/% C}imexd hm lc c`{dpkoûe hm cloimexd{% C}imexd hm lc{ {mkpmkodem{ honm{xowc{% C}imexd hm lc idxolohch &hocppmc/% [EK [diedlmekoc zpdg}ehc% Kce{cekod m oe{dieod% Zïphohc hm imidpoc% Empwod{o{id% Lmexox}h hm zme{ciomexd% Pczohmr hm ohmc{% Xmehmekoc{ z{okdem}pûxokc{% G}ekoûe i}{k}lcp Pmxpc{d me lc pmlcbckoûe% Hm`olohch i}{k}lcp% Xmi`ldp% Nlãeh}lc{ mehdkpoec{ Oekpmimexd hm lc {mkpmkoûe fdpidecl% C}imexd hm lc{ emkm{ohchm{ fdpideclm{% Zoml, i}kd{c{ y gcempc{ Zoml {mkc, gpéc y ã{zmpc% Zoml mepdbmkohc, kclomexm y fòimhc% Fozmps}mpcxd{o{% Ho{ioe}koûe hm lc{ {mkpmkodem{ {}hdpézcpc{ y {m`ãkmc{% ]óc{ goec{ y s}m`pchorc{% Zmld m{kc{d y s}m`pchord% Mhmic zclzm`pcl% Ickpdnld{oc% G}ekoûe {mv}cl Wcpûe Zïphohc hm lc lo`ohd% Oizdxmekoc% I}bmp Zïphohc hm lc lo`ohd% Dlondimedppmc% Imedppcnoc% Cimedppmc% Zdloimedppmc%
) 66 )
Lc chioeo{xpckoûe mvûnmec hm fdpidec{ xopdohmc{ pm{}lxc òxol zcpc pmzcpcp gclld{ c{dkochd{ c lc nlãeh}lc xopdohm{ d `ome zcpc {}zpoiop }ec ckkoûe mehdkpoec cedpicl% Ml hmpowchd xopdohmd iã{ fc`ox}cl m{ lc lmwdxo) pdvoec, ceãldnd {oexïxokd hm lc fdpidec X8 mehûnmec% Ld{ mgmkxd{ chwmp{d{ iã{ gpmk}mexm{ {de fozmpxme) {oûe, fozmp{me{o`olohch, gom`pm, xcs}okcphoc, zclzoxckodem{, cppoxioc{ y hm{kdizme{ckoûe kcphockc, oe{dieod, empwod{o{id, xmi`ldpm{, bcs}mkc, {}hdpckoûe, chmlncrciomexd, {ms}mhch hm zoml y hocppmc% Pcpcimexm z}m) hm zpdwdkcp mp}zkodem{ k}xãemc{, oegcpxd hm iodkcphod y cenoec hm zmkfd npcwm% Ld{ mgmkxd{ chwmp{d{ {de iã{ gpmk}mexm{ c mlmwchc{ hd{o{, edpiclimexm zdp {d`pmhd{ogokckoûe {d`pmhd{ogokckoûe me xpcxciomexd{ zpdldenchd{% zpdldenchd{% Ld{ gãpickd{ cexoxopdohmd{ {de kdiz}m{xd{ s}m `lds}mce lc zpdh}kkoûe hm fdpidec{ xopdohmc{ zdp lc nlãeh}lc xopdohm{% Ld{ iã{ fc`ox}clm{ {de ml imxoicrdl y ml zpdzolxod}pckold, cizlocimexm }xolorchd{ me ml xpcxciomexd hml fozmpxopdoho{id% C mlmwchc{ hd{o{ z}mhme zpdh}kop fozdxopdoho{id, k}chpd kcpckxmporchd zdp xcs}okcphoc, fozmpxme{oûe, cemioc, {diedlmekoc zpdg}ehc, zïphohc hm imidpoc y c}imexd hm zm{d% Xci`oïe z}mhme zpdwdkcp lm}kdzmeoc, mpoxmic{ k}xãemd{ y gom`pm% Me eoód{ z}mhme zpdh}kop zpmkdkohch {mv}cl% Me ml xpcxciomexd hml fozmpxopdoho{id xci`oïe m{ òxol ml }{d hm gãpickd{ ΰ)`lds}mcexm{, kdid zdp mbmizld ml zpdzcedldl, zcpc kdi`cxop ld{ mgmkxd{ hm lc{ fdpidec{ xopdohmc{% [}{ zpoekozclm{ mgmkxd{ chwmp{d{ {de gcxo) nc, icpmd{, hdldp hm kc`mrc, oe{dieod y hmzpm{oûe% Pcpcimexm z}mhm zpdh}kop clxmpckodem{ kcphodwc{k}lc) pm{, cl}koeckodem{, ec}{mc{, wûioxd{, kdeg}{oûe, wo{oûe `dppd{c m fozdnl}kmioc% fozdnl}kmioc% Ml ydhd, ml ydh}pd zdxã{okd y cln}ed{ ceãldnd{ hm ydhd pchockxowd, kdid ml o{ûxdzd O3;3, {m }xolorce ci) zlocimexm me ml xpcxciomexd hml fozmpxopdoho{id y hm ld{ kcpkoedic{ hogmpmekochd{ hm lc nlãeh}lc xopdohm{% Ml ydhd y {}{ ceãldnd{ chioeo{xpchd{ me hd{o{ mlmwchc{ `lds}mce lc lo`mpckoûe hm fdpidec{ xopdohmc{% Fcy dkc{odem{ me s}m lc chioeo{xpckoûe hm ydhd z}mhm zpdwdkcp `dkod, megmpimhch mehïiokc s}m zpdh}km kpm) koiomexd zcxdlûnokd hm lc nlãeh}lc xopdohm{, c}imexcehd lc zpdh}kkoûe hm fdpidec{ xopdohmc{ &fozmpxopdoho{) id hm pm`dxm/% [oe mi`cpnd, {}{ zpoekozclm{ pmckkodem{ chwmp{c{ {de fozdxopdoho{id, ec}{mc{, wûioxd{, oeglcickoûe hm lc{ nlãeh}lc{ {clowclm{ y clxmpckoûe hml n}{xd%
Nl}kdkdpxokdohm{ y ioempclkdpxokdohm{% Lc{ nlãeh}lc{ {}zpcppmeclm{, {}zpcppmeclm{, hm gdpic xpocen}lcp y }`okchc{ me lc zcpxm {}zmpodp hm ld{ poódem{, {de kczckm{ hm zpdh}kop howmp{c{ fdpidec{, {omehd lc{ iã{ oizdpxcexm{ ld{ nl}kdkdpxokdohm{, kdid lc fohpdkdpxo{dec d kdpxo{dl, lc kdpxokd{xmpdec y lc kdpxo{dec, y ld{ ioempclkdpxokdohm{, ioempclkdpxokdohm{, kdid lc clhd{xmpdec% Lc clhd{xmpdec pmn}lc lc fdimd{xc{o{ hml {dhod y hml zdxc{od% Ckxòc c eowml hm ld{ xò`}ld{ pmeclm{ c}ime) xcehd lc pmc`{dpkoûe hml {dhod% Cl m{xoi}lcp lc hmwdl}koûe hm m{xm oûe, lc clhd{xmpdec c}imexc cl io{id xomizd lc pmxmekoûe hm kldp}pd{, `okcp`decxd y cn}c% [oi}lxãemcimexm, lc clhd{xmpdec m{xoi}lc lc mloioec) koûe hm zdxc{od y hm F !, zpmwoeomehd lc ckohd{o{% Ld{ nl}kdkdpxokdohm{, zdp {} zcpxm, pmn}lce ml imxc`dlo{id y lc pm{o{xmekoc cl m{xpï{% Hm gdpic nmempcl, ld{ nl}kdkdpxokdohm{ ckmlmpce lc kdewmp{oûe hm zpdxméec{ c cio) edãkohd{, me zcpxok}lcp hm lc{ kïl}lc{ i}{k}lcpm{1 zd{xmpodpimexm, m{xd{ cioedãkohd{ cioedãkohd{ {de llmwchd{ cl fénchd hdehm {m xpce{gdpice me e}mwc{ zpdxméec{% [o lc{ pm{mpwc{ hm npc{c y nl}kûnmed hml dpnceo{id {de `cbc{, ml fénchd m{ kczcr hm kdewmpxop m{xd{ cioedãkohd{ me nl}kd{c, me }e zpdkm{d kdedkohd kdid nl}kdemdnï) em{o{% Zdp ld xcexd, }ec mlmwckoûe zpdldenchc hm ld{ eowmlm{ hm nl}kdkdpxokdohm{ xomehm c zpdh}kop }ec zïpho) hc hm zpdxméec{ xo{}lcpm{ m fozmpnl}kmioc% Zdp dxpc zcpxm, ld{ nl}kdkdpxokdohm{ idwolorce ld{ lézohd{ hm lc{ kïl}lc{ chozd{c{ y ckmlmpce lc hmnpchckoûe hm ld{ xponlokïpohd{ c nlokmpdl y ãkohd{ npc{d{% Xci`oïe gckoloxce lc pm{o{xmekoc cl m{xpï{ cl zdhmp {mp }xolorchc lc nl}kd{c zpdh}kohc zcpc zpdh}kop CXZ kde ml s}m fckmp gpmexm c lc gcxonc, gom`pm, fmidppcnoc{, oegmkkodem{, xpc}ic{ y k}cls}omp dxpc kdehokoûe hm`oloxcexm% Ld{ nl}kdkdpxokdo) hm{ {de emkm{cpod{ zcpc s}m lc{ fdpidec{ zpm{dpc{, chpmecloec y edpchpmecloec, z}mhce mbmpkmp {} mgmkxd {d`pm ml {o{xmic wc{k}lcp, c}imexcehd lc zpm{oûe cpxmpocl% M{xm mgmkxd z}mhm {mp `memgokod{d me cln}ec{ {ox}ckodem{ hm m{xpï{ kdid lc{ fmidppcnoc{, me lc{ s}m kdexpcppm{xce lc kcéhc hm lc zpm{oûe cpxmpocl hm`ohc c lc zïphohc hm {cenpm% Zdp òlxoid, ld{ nl}kdkdpxokdohm{ oefo`me lc{ {mkpmkodem{ hm lc{ kïl}lc{ me pm{z}m{xc c lc{ oeglcickodem{% Ml c}imexd hm lc{ kdekmexpckodem{ hm nl}kdkdpxokdohm{ ho{ioe}ym ml eòimpd hm md{oeûgo) ld{ y hm ic{xdkoxd{, pmh}komehd lc{ {mkpmkodem{ hm fo{xcioec% Xdhd mlld fckm s}m {m pmh}rkce lc{ kcexohc) hm{ hm cexok}mpzd{ zpdh}kohd{, xmeomehd mgmkxd{ oei}ed{}zpm{dpm{% [oe mi`cpnd, xci`oïe hmzpoime lc pmnmempckoûe pmnmempckoûe hml xmbohd kdemkxowd, pmxpc{cehd lc kokcxporckoûe hm fmpohc{% Ld{ kdpxokdohm{, hm gdpic nmempcl, pm{}lxce òxolm{ me ml xpcxciomexd hm lc oe{}gokomekoc {}zpcppmecl cn}hc d kpûeokc% Ld{ {}zlmimexd{ fdpideclm{ iã{ fc`ox}clm{ {de lc hm{dvokdpxokd{xmpdec y lc gl}hpdkdpxo{dec% Hchd s}m lc hm{dvokdpxokd{xmpdec z}mhm zpdwdkcp hcód kmpm`pcl npcwm, lc gl}hpdkdpxo{dec, hmpowchd {oexïxokd hm ckkoûe ioempclkdpxokdohm, m{ i}kfd iã{ c{ms}o`lm% Ld{ mgmkxd{ chwmp{d{ hm lc gl}hpdkdpxo{dec {de, me nmempcl, lmwm{ y zdkd gpmk}mexm{% Dkc{odeclimexm z}mhm zpdh}kop pmxmekoûe hm {dhod y cn}c, mhmic, c}) imexd hm zm{d, fozmpxme{oûe, fozmpxpdgoc wmexpok}lcp, wïpxond y kmgclmc% Ld{ mgmkxd{ chwmp{d{ z}mhme hcp{m kde icydp gpmk}mekoc k}cehd {m xdice ld{ kdpxokdohm{ c hd{o{ clxc{ d h}pcexm }e zmpodhd hm xomizd zpdlde) nchd% Me k}cls}omp kc{d, lc {d`pmhd{ogokckoûe hm kdpxokdohm{ {}mlm xpcxcp{m oexmpp}izomehd ml xpcxciomexd y chioeo{xpcehd chioeo{xpcehd ho}pïxokd{ y {}zlmimexd{ {}zlmimexd{ hm zdxc{od%
) 6? )
Fdpidec{ {mv}clm{% Ld{ m{xpûnmed{ {de fdpidec{ zpdh}kohc{ me ml dwcpod y me lc zlckmexc s}m m{xoi}lce lc czcpokoûe y icexm) eoiomexd hm ld{ kcpckxmpm{ {mv}clm{ gmimeoed{% Ld{ dwcpod{ kdiomerce c zpdh}kop imed{ m{xpûnmed{ c zcp) xop hm lc imedzc}{oc y, me dkc{odem{, {m chioeo{xpc m{xm imhokcimexd zcpc xpcxcp ld{ {éexdic{ c{dkochd{ c ï{xc% Xci`oïe {}mlme }xolorcp{m hm gdpic mvûnmec me ml xpcxciomexd hm lc cimedppmc, me lc xmpczoc fdpidecl {}{xox}xowc hm m{xpûnmed{ me kc{d hm mvxopzckoûe hm òxmpd, me ml xpcxciomexd hml kãekmp hm zpû{xcxc y me ml xpcxciomexd y zpmwmekoûe hm lc d{xmdzdpd{o{% Hm gdpic nmempcl, xomeme mgmkxd{ kcphodzpdxmkxdpm{ zdp c}ime) xcp ld{ eowmlm{ hm FHL)kdlm{xmpdl y ho{ioe}op ml LHL)kdlm{xmpdl1 LHL)kdlm{xmpdl1 xci`oïe ho{ioe}ym ld{ eowmlm{ hm go`poeûnmed% Cl {mp chioeo{xpchd{ hm gdpic kdexoe}c z}mhme zpdh}kop fozmpzlc{oc c eowml hml mehdimxpod me i}bmpm{% M{xm fmkfd z}mhm kdeh}kop c kãekmp hm icic y kãekmp mehdimxpocl% Zdp pmnlc nmempcl, ld{ m{xpûnmed{ {}mlme chioeo{xpcp{m hm gdpic kdeb}exc kde zpdnm{xãnmed{, kczckm{ hm ho{ioe}op ml pom{nd hm czcpokoûe hm kãekmp hm mehdimxpod, c}es}m z}mhme oekpmimexcp lc{ zd{o`olohchm{ hm czcpokoûe hm kãekmp hm icic% Ld{ xpcxc) iomexd{ {}{xox}xowd{ kdi`oechd{ hm m{xpûnmed{ z}mhme {mp kdexoe}d{, k}cehd lc chioeo{xpckoûe hm m{xpûnm) ed{ y zpdnm{xãnmed{ {m llmwc c kc`d c hocpod &zdp mbmizld, 3%= in m{xpchodl ! 3 in imhpdvozpdnm{xmpdec h}pcexm xdhd{ ld{ héc{ hml im{/, d `ome z}mhme {mp kéklokd{, k}cehd {m kompeme cl kokld ime{xp}cl hm lc i}bmp &zdp mbmizld, 3 in hm m{xpchodl h}pcexm ld{ héc{ 3 c 0= hml km{m hm lc ime{xp}ckoûe ! =)3: in hm imhpdvo) zpdnm{xmpdec h}pcexm ld{ héc{ 3; c 0= hml io{id kokld/% Me g}ekoûe hm lc wéc hm chioeo{xpckoûe }xolorchc, zdhmid{ ho{xoen}op2 M{xpûnmed{ dpclm{% Ld{ iã{ fc`ox}clm{ {de ml m{xpchodl, ml m{xpodl, ml kldpdxpoceo{med, ml mxoeolm{xpchodl y lc xo`dldec% M{xpûnmed{ xpce{hïpiokd{ &zcpkfm{ hïpiokd{/% Ml iã{ fc`ox}cl m{ ml m{xpchodl% M{xpûnmed{ oeymkxc`lm{% Ld{ iã{ fc`ox}clm{ {de ml m{xpchodl y ml zdlom{xpchodl% M{xpûnmed{ oexpcwcnoeclm{ &kdizpoiohd{ wcnoeclm{/% Ld{ iã{ fc`ox}clm{ {de ml zpdim{xpomed y ml m{xpodl% Ld{ mgmkxd{ chwmp{d{ hm ld{ m{xpûnmed{ {de, me nmempcl, lmwm{ y xpce{oxdpod{% Me xmpczoc{ {}{xox}xowc{, hdehm lc chioeo{xpckoûe fdpidecl {}mlm {mp go{odlûnokc d czpdvoichc, z}mhme zpdh}kop ec}{mc{, wûioxd{ &{}mlme pmioxop xpc{ 3)0 {micec{ hm xpcxciomexd/ m fozmpzlc{oc mehdimxpocl% Ld{ zcpkfm{ hïpiokd{ z}mhme zpdh}kop zokdp d mepdbmkoiomexd hm lc zoml me lc rdec hm czlokckoûe, s}m edpiclimexm hm{czcpmkme c ld{ ;)8 héc{ hm kci`ocp ml zcpkfm% Dkc{odeclimexm z}mhme zpdwdkcp hdldp c`hdioecl, hdldp me ml zmkfd, fozmp{me{o`olohch icicpoc, zïphohc hm czmxoxd, pmxmekoûe hm lés}ohd{, c}imexd hm zm{d, icpmd{ y hdldp hm kc`mrc% Me kc{d hm zchmkmp iodic{ }xmpoed{ d mehdimxpod{o{ &oeglcickoûe hml mehdimxpod/ {m {}mlme oekpmimexcp ld{ pom{nd{ hm czcpokoûe hm kãekmp mehdimxpocl% Lc chioeo{xpckoûe hm m{xpûnmed{ m{xã xdxclimexm kdexpcoehokchc me zckome) xm{ kde kãekmp hm icic d kãekmp mehdimxpocl% Zdp dxpc zcpxm, me wcpdem{ kde kãekmp hm zpû{xcxc, hd{o{ hm m{xpûnmed{ mlmwchc{ z}mhme zpdh}kop ec}{mc{, noemkdic{xoc y {dgdkd% Chioeo{xpchd{ h}pcexm ml mi`cpcrd, ld{ m{xpûnmed{ z}mhme dkc{odecp hcód c eowml gmxcl% Me eoóc{ z}mhme zpdwdkcp kãekmp hm wcnoec y mpd{odem{ hml k}mlld }xmpoed c lcpnd zlcrd1 me eoód{ z}mhme zpdwdkcp kpozxdps}ohoc kpozxdps}ohoc &xm{xék}ld dk}lxd, m{ hmkop, s}m ed fc hm{kmehohd hm{hm lc kcwohch c`hdioecl, hdehm {m dponoeû, c lc `dl{c m{kpdxcl/ y czcpokoûe hm s}o{xm{ me ml mzohéhoid, xci`oïe c lcpnd zlcrd% Ml kldiogmed m{ }ec fdpidec {mv}cl gmimeoec s}m zpdh}km m{xoi}lckoûe hm ld{ dwcpod{ y }e c}imexd hm ld{ m{xpûnmed{ &fdpidec{ {mv}clm{ gmimeoec{ s}m {m {oexmxorce me ld{ dwcpod{ y {de pm{zde{c`lm{ hml hm) {cppdlld {mv}cl edpicl me lc{ i}bmpm{ y hm lc pmn}lckoûe hml kokld ime{xp}cl/% Oeh}km ml zpdkm{d hm dw}lckoûe y {m }xolorc me ld{ kc{d{ hm oegmpxolohch, xcexd me fdi`pm{ kdid me i}bmpm{% Lc{ pmckkodem{ chwmp{c{ hml kldiogmed {de iã{ gpmk}mexm{ kde hd{o{ hm 3:: in$héc y me xpcxciomexd{ zpdldenchd{% Lc{ iã{ gpmk}mexm{ {de holcxckoûe hm ld{ dwcpod{, zcpxd{ iòlxozlm{ zdp fozmpm{xoi}lckoûe dwãpokc, {dgdkd{, wo{oûe `dppd{c, mp}z) kodem{ k}xãemc{, zïphohc hm kc`mlld, kmgclmc, {cenpchd }xmpoed, hdldp c`hdioecl, eã}{mc{, wûioxd{, oe{di) eod y hmzpm{oûe% Ld{ cexom{xpûnmed{ {de kdiz}m{xd{ s}m ckxòce oefo`omehd ld{ mgmkxd{ hm ld{ m{xpûnmed{% Ml iã{ fc`ox}cl m{ ml xcidvogmed, s}m {m }{c me ml xpcxciomexd hml kãekmp hm icic s}m pm{zdehm c ld{ m{xpûnmed{ &x}idp m{xpdnmedhmzmehomexm/% Ld{ m{xpûnmed{ {m }eme c lc{ kïl}lc{ hm kompxd{ xmbohd{, kdid lc icic, m oegl}yme me ml kpmkoiomexd y lc pmzlokckoûe hm lc{ kïl}lc{% Kdid pm{}lxchd, cln}ed{ kãekmpm{ hm icic kpmkmpãe iã{ pãzohd me zpm{mekoc hm m{xpûnmed{% Ml xcidvogmed {m c{dkoc c ld{ l}ncpm{ hm }eoûe hm ld{ m{xpûnmed{ y mwoxc c{é s}m ï{xd{ {m }ece c lc{ kïl}lc{ m oizohm s}m pmclokme {} ckkoûe% C}es}m m{ }e gãpickd `ome xdlmpchd zdp ml dpnceo{id, me cln}ec{ dkc{odem{ z}mhm zpdh}kop pmckkodem{ chwmp{c{, c}es}m {}mlme {mp m{kc{c{ y idhmpchc{% Lc{ iã{ fc`ox}clm{ {de {dgdkd, fmidppcnoc wcnoecl y zokdp w}lwcp% Xci`oïe z}mhm zpdwdkcp xpc{xdped{ me ml mehdimxpod% Ml xcidvogmed z}mhm zpdh}kop xci`oïe idlm{xoc{ nc{xpdoexm{xoeclm{ &ec}{mc{ y wûioxd{/, c}imexd hm zm{d, pmxmekoûe hm lés}ohd, cx}phoiomexd, mp}zkodem{ me lc zoml, kdeg}{oûe imexcl, zïp) hohc hm zmld y c}imexd me lc npcwmhch hm clnòe x}idp%
) ?: )
Ld{ zpdnm{xãnmed{ {de fdpidec{, d ms}owclmexm{ fdpideclm{, s}m zpdwdkce kci`od{ me ml mehdimxpod, c goe hm s}m m{xm {mc czxd zcpc lc ceohckoûe hml kondxd y, me hmgoeoxowc, zcpc lc nm{xckoûe% Me g}ekoûe hm lc wéc hm chioeo{xpckoûe, zdhmid{ ho{xoen}op2 Zpdnm{xãnmed{ dpclm{% Ld{ iã{ fc`ox}clm{ {de lc hohpdnm{xmpdec, hohpdnm{xmpdec, ml loem{xpdl, lc imhpdnm{xdec, lc imhpdvozpdnm{xmpdec imhpdvozpdnm{xmpdec y lc edpmxo{xmpdec% Zpdnm{xãnmed{ oeymkxc`lm{ hm hmzû{oxd% Ld{ iã{ fc`ox}clm{ {de lc nm{xdedpdec, nm{xdedpdec, lc fohpdvozpdnm{xmpdec fohpdvozpdnm{xmpdec y lc imhpdvozpdnm{xmpdec% imhpdvozpdnm{xmpdec% Ld{ zpdnm{xãnmed{ m{xãe oehokchd{ me kc{d{ hm c`dpxd m{zdexãemd, me lc xmpczoc cexokdekmzxowc, me ml xpc) xciomexd hm lc{ fmidppcnoc{ }xmpoec{, me kc{d{ hm ho{imedppmc &ime{xp}ckoûe hdldpd{c/ y mehdimxpod{o{, m oekl}{d me lc xmpczoc hml kãekmp hm icic y hml kãekmp mehdimxpocl% Hm gdpic nmempcl y kdid kde{mk}mekoc hm {} ckxowohch cehpdnïeokc, ld{ zpdnm{xãnmed{ z}mhme zpdwdkcp fop{}xo{id y c}imexd hm zm{d% K}cehd {m }xolorce hm gdpic kdexoe}c zcpc pmn}lcp ml kokld ime{xp}cl z}mhme zpdh}kop ho{ioe}koûe hml gl}bd ime{xp}cl, pmxpc{d{ ime{xp}clm{, ho{ioe}koûe d {}zpm{oûe xdxcl hm lc lo`ohd, cxpdgoc hm lc i}kd{c wcnoecl m oekl}{d z}mhm c}imexcp lc zd{o`olohch hm czcpokoûe hm kcehohoc{o{ wcnoecl% Zdp dxpc zcpxm, chioeo{xpchd{ h}pcexm ld{ xpm{ zpoimpd{ im{m{ hm mi`cpcrd z}mhme zpdwdkcp zpdwdkcp pmxpc{d me ml kpmkoiomexd hml gmxd% Ld{ cehpûnmed{ {de fdpidec{ {mv}clm{ m{xmpdohmc{ s}m m{xoi}lce ml hm{cppdlld hm ld{ kcpckxmpm{ {mv}c) lm{ ic{k}loed{% Ml cehpûnmed iã{ oizdpxcexm m{ lc xm{xd{xmpdec, zpdh}kohc me ld{ xm{xék}ld{% Hm gdpic nmempcl, ld{ cehpûnmed{ mbmpkme howmp{d{ mgmkxd{ {d`pm ml dpnceo{id, xcexd {d`pm ld{ ûpnced{ {mv}clm{ kdid {d`pm ld{ ed {mv}clm{, zpm{mexcehd m{xc{ ckkodem{ hd{ zmpédhd{ klcpcimexm hogmpmekochd{2 3/ mxczc zpmecxcl, ckx}cehd me lc hogmpmekockoûe {mv}cl me ml wcpûe, y 0/ mxczc z}`mpcl, m{xoi}lcehd ml hm{cppdlld hm ld{ kcpckxmpm{ {mv}clm{ {mk}ehcpod{ ic{k}loed{% Me ld{ xmbohd{ ed {mv}clm{ s}m pm{zdehme c m{xc{ fdpid) ec{, me m{zmkocl ld{ iò{k}ld{ y ml f}m{d, ld{ cehpûnmed{ {de kczckm{ hm oekpmimexcp lc pmxmekoûe hm eoxpû) nmed, lc ic{c icnpc kdpzdpcl y ml zm{d% Me m{xm {mexohd, ld{ cehpûnmed{ zpm{mexce kczckohch cec`dlorce) xm% Ld{ }{d{ nmempclimexm ckmzxchd{ zcpc ld{ cehpûnmed{ oekl}yme zpdkm{d{ i}y wcpochd{ kdid fozdnd) echo{id ic{k}loed, kc{d{ hm z}`mpxch pmxpc{chc, kc{d{ hm iokpdzmem, cemioc czlã{okc y m{xchod{ xmpioec) lm{ hml kãekmp hm icic me i}bmpm{% Me k}cls}omp kc{d, ld{ cehpûnmed{ cehpûnmed{ {}mlme klc{ogokcp{m me hd{ kcxmndpé) c{ `ome hogmpmekochc{2 hogmpmekochc{2 Cehpûnmed{ kde kczckohch icydpoxcpocimexm cehpdnïeokc% Ld{ iã{ fc`ox}clm{ {de lc xm{xd{xmpdec, lc im{xmpdldec y lc cehpd{xmpdldec% [}mlme zpm{mexcp{m me gdpic oeymkxc`lm% c ec`dlorcexm% Cehpûnmed{ kde kczckohch icydpoxcpocimexm cec`dlorcexm% Ld{ iã{ fc`ox}clm{ {de lc imxmedldec, lc ecehpdldec y ml m{xcedrdldl% C}es}m {}mlme zpm{mexcp{m me gdpic oeymkxc`lm, ml m{xcedrdl xci`oïe z}mhm {mp chioeo{xpchd zdp wéc dpcl% Lc{ pmckkodem{ chwmp{c{ hm m{xd{ imhokcimexd{ {de iã{ gpmk}mexm{ k}cehd {m chioeo{xpce c mlmwchc{ hd{o{ d h}pcexm zmpodhd{ hm xomizd zpdldenchd{% Hm gdpic nmempcl, z}mhme zpdwdkcp z{m}hdz}`mpxch zpm) kdr me eoód{, kcpckxmporchc zdp }e c}imexd zpmkdr hm ld{ ûpnced{ nmeoxclm{ me ml wcpûe y zdp ml kpmkoiomexd me m{xcx}pc, me kdexpc{xm kde lc zpm{mekoc hm xm{xék}ld{ zms}mód{ hm xozd oegcexol% Ld{ kcpckxmpm{ {mv}clm{ {mk}ehcpod{ {}mlme m{xcp zpm{mexm{, {d`pm xdhd me ld pmgmpmexm cl hm{cppdlld hml wmlld% Me ml fdi`pm, chm) iã{, ld{ cehpûnmed{ z}mhme zpdh}kop cnpcehciomexd hm zpû{xcxc, czemc hml {}mód y d`{xp}kkoûe }pmxpcl% K}cehd {m mizlmc me i}bmpm{ c hd{o{ clxc{, ld{ cehpûnmed{ z}mhme zpdwdkcp ic{k}loeorckoûe kde {oned{ mwohmexm{ kdid fop{}xo{id &kpmkoiomexd hm wmlld/ y wdr pdekc s}m nmempclimexm hm{czcpmkme k}cehd {m {}{zmehm ml xpcxciomexd% Chmiã{, z}mhme zpdh}kop{m dxpd{ mgmkxd{ chwmp{d{ kdid ckeï, cnpcehciomexd cnpcehciomexd hml kléxdpo{, cldzmkoc y clxmpckodem{ ime{xp}clm{% ime{xp}clm{% Cln}ec{ pmckkodem{ chwmp{c{ kdi}em{ xcexd me wcpdem{ kdid me i}bmpm{ {de2 pmxmekoûe hm lés}ohd{ y mhmic{, ec}{mc{, wûioxd{, mvkoxckoûe, oe{dieod y hmzpm{oûe% H}pcexm ml mi`cpcrd, zdp dxpc zcpxm, z}mhme zpdwdkcp ic{k}loeorckoûe me ml gmxd gmimeoed% Ml kde{}id zpdldenchd hm clxc{ hd{o{ hm cehpûnmed{ z}mhm dponoecp kdlm{xc{o{ &d`{xp}kkoûe hm lc {clohc hml gl}bd `olocp/, okxmpokoc m oekl}{d kãekmp fmzãxokd, c}es}m {de iã{ oegpmk}mexm{% Ld{ cexocehpûnmed{ {de kdiz}m{xd{ s}m z}mhme `lds}mcp lc ckkoûe hm ld{ cehpûnmed{% Hd{ mbmizld{ {de lc gl}xciohc y lc kozpdxmpdec% Hm gdpic nmempcl, ld{ cexocehpûnmed{ {de kczckm{ hm pmh}kop lc m{zmpicxd) nïem{o{ y ho{ioe}op ml xcicód hm ld{ ûpnced{ hmzmehomexm{ hm cehpûnmed{, kdid lc zpû{xcxc y lc wm{ék}lc {mioecl% Me ml fdi`pm, ld{ cexocehpûnmed{ {}mlme {mp òxolm{ zcpc ho{ioe}op ld{ mgmkxd{ hm }ec zpdh}kkoûe mvkm{owc hm xm{xd{xmpdec, c}es}m {} zpoekozcl czlokckoûe czcpmkm pmlckodechc kde ml xpcxciomexd hml kãekmp hm zpû{xcxc ed dzmpc`lm% Me lc i}bmp, zdp dxpc zcpxm, z}mhme {mp }xolorchd{ me ml xpcxciomexd hml ckeï, chm) iã{ hm cln}ed{ xpc{xdped{ zpdwdkchd{ zdp }e mlmwchd eowml hm cehpûnmed{, kdid lc czcpokoûe mvkm{owc hm wmlld gckocl, lc {d`pmzpdh}kkoûe npc{c &{d`pmxdhd me lc kcpc/ d lc kcéhc hml zmld% [}{ zpoekozclm{ mgmkxd{ ch) wmp{d{ {de noemkdic{xoc, {dgdkd, {mhckoûe y kce{cekod, hmzpm{oûe, mlmwckoûe hm lc zpm{oûe cpxmpocl, ec}) {mc{, wûioxd{, hdldp hm kc`mrc, zïphohc hm czmxoxd y ho{ioe}koûe hm lc lo`ohd y hm lc zpdh}kkoûe hm m{zmpic me ml fdi`pm% Pcpcimexm z}mhme zpdh}kop cldzmkoc, mp}zkodem{ me lc zoml, oegmpxolohch ic{k}loec y hocppmc% H}pcexm ml mi`cpcrd z}mhme zpdwdkcp gmioeorckoûe me ml gmxd ic{k}loed%
) ?3 )
Cexokdekmzxowd{ dpclm{ kdi`oechd{ &zélhdpc{ cexokdekmzxowc{/% Ld{ cexokdekmzxowd{ dpclm{ kdi`oechd{ &CDK/ {de zélhdpc{ cizlocimexm }xolorchc{ zcpc zpmwmeop ml mi) `cpcrd s}m kdexomeme }ec hd{o{ hmxmpioechc y kdeb}exc hm m{xpûnmed{ y zpdnm{xãnmed{% Hm gdpic nmempcl, {m {c`m s}m m{xc kdi`oeckoûe fdpidecl ckxòc oefo`omehd d ho{ioe}ymehd lc dw}lckoûe, idhogokcehd ml me) hdimxpod &fckm oizpd`c`lm lc oizlcexckoûe/ y m{zm{cehd ml idkd kmpwokcl &hogok}lxc lc zmemxpckoûe hm ld{ m{zmpicxdrdohm{/% Ld{ CDK oefo`me lc {mkpmkoûe hm ndechdxpdzoec{ &LF y G[F/, fmkfd s}m cgmkxc hopmkxc) imexm c lc dw}lckoûe% Edpiclimexm, Edpiclimexm, {de iïxdhd{ i}y {mn}pd{, gãkolimexm pmwmp{o`lm{ y kc{o kdizlmxcimexm mgokckm{ {o {m }{ce {o{xmiãxokc y kdppmkxcimexm% Ld{ `memgokod{ hm {} }{d kdexpcppm{xce cizlocimexm ld{ zd{o`lm{ pom{nd{ me kc{o xdhc{ lc{ i}bmpm{% [oe mi`cpnd, ml }{d hm CDK ed m{ pmkdimehc`lm me cs}mllc{ i}bmpm{ s}m zpm{mexce }e mlmwchd pom{nd kcphodwc{k}lcp &i}bmpm{ kde d`m{ohch, m{zmkoclimexm/ m{zmkoclimexm/ d cs}mllc{ i}bmpm{ g}ichdpc{ icydpm{ hm ;= cód{ &iã{ hm 0: koncppolld{ hocpod{/% C{oio{id, kompxd{ zpd`lmic{ hm {cl}h z}mhme cnpcwcp{m kde ml }{d hm lc{ zélhdpc{ cexokdekmzxowc{% Lc gdpic iã{ kdiòe hm chioeo{xpckoûe hm lc zélhdpc m{ me gdpic hm kdi`oechd{ idedgã{okd{, me ld{ k}clm{ lc{ kdekmexpckodem{ fdpideclm{ {de kde{xcexm{ c ld lcpnd hm ld{ 03 héc{ me s}m {m xdice ld{ kdizpoiohd{ ckxowd{% Ld{ cexokdekmzxowd{ dpclm{ kdi`oechd{ xci`oïe mvo{xme me gdpic{ `ogã{okc{ y xpogã{okc{, me lc{ s}m ml kdmgokomexm mexpm m{xpûnmed{ y zpdnm{xãnmed{ zpdnm{xãnmed{ wcpéc mexpm lc{ zélhdpc{ ckxowc{ &ml hd`lm h}pcexm ml kokld hm lc{ `ogã{okc{ y ml xpozlm h}pcexm ml hm lc{ xpogã{okc{/% M{xc wcpockoûe zmpioxm s}m ml kokld zpdh}kohd zdp lc zélhdpc {m c{mimbm iã{ cl kokld fdp) idecl ecx}pcl, kde lc m{zmpcerc hm s}m {m pmh}rkce ld{ mgmkxd{ {mk}ehcpod{, c zm{cp hm s}m lc{ oewm{xonc) kodem{ ckx}clm{ ed fce hmid{xpchd kdizlmxcimexm s}m m{xm fmkfd {mc kompxd% Lc icydpéc hm lc{ zélhdpc{ s}m {m }{ce me ld{ zcé{m{ me hm{cppdlld {de idedgã{okc{%
KDIZD[OKOÛE FDPIDECL HM CEXOKDEKMZXOWD[ GMIMEOED[ M{xpûnmed &½n/ Zpdnm{xãnmed &in/ Edi`pm kdimpkocl Kdi`oechd{ idedgã{okd{ &chioeo{xpckoûe dpcl/ Mxoeolm{xpchodl &=:/ Lmwdedpnm{xpml Lmwdedpnm{xpml &:%0=/ Mxoeolm{xpchodl &=:/ Loem{xpmedl &0%=/ Mxoeolm{xpchodl &=:/ Edpnm{xpml &:%=/ Im{xpcedl &>=/ Loem{xpmedl &0%=/ Mxoeolm{xpchodl &;:/ Lmwdedpnm{xpml Lmwdedpnm{xpml &:%3=/ Mxoeolm{xpchodl &;:/ Hm{dnm{xpml &:%3=/ Mxoeolm{xpchodl &;:/ Nm{xdhmed Nm{xdhmed &:%:>=/
Emdnyedec, Emdnyedec, Dwdzlmv Emd Lyehodl M}nyede Lyehodl 0%= Iokpdnyede, Dwdzlmv ;:$3=: Iokpdhodl, Zlce}i Nyedwoe, Ioe}lmx
Kdi`oechd{ xpogã{okd{ &chioeo{xpckoûe dpcl/ Mxoeolm{xpchodl &;:$8:$;:/ Lmwdedpnm{xpml Lmwdedpnm{xpml &:%:=$:%:>=$:%30=/ &:%:=$:%:>=$:%30=/ Xponyede, Xpokokldp Mxoeolm{xpchodl &;:$8:$;:/ Nm{xdhmed &:%:=$:%:>$:%3/ &:%:=$:%:>$:%3/ Xponyedwoe, Xpy Ioe}lmx Kdi`oechd zd{xkdoxcl &chioeo{xpckoûe dpcl/ Mxoeolm{xpchodl &3::/ Edpnm{xpml &3%:/
M}nyede &0 kdizpoiohd{/ kdizpoiohd{/
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Xpce{gdpickoûe Ckxowohch mehdimxpocl m{xpdnïeokc
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Z}m{xd s}m lc{ fdpidec{ fdpidec{ s}m kdexomeme ld{ CDK zpdh}kme }e m{xchd zcpmkohd cl mi`cpcrd, lc zélhdpc cexo) kdekmzxowc xomem kompxd{ mgmkxd{ {mk}ehcpod{ s}m {m c{mimbce c ld{ pmlckodechd{ kde ml mi`cpcrd% H}pcexm ld{ zpoimpd{ kokld{ hm }{d hm lc zélhdpc lc i}bmp z}mhm {}gpop eã}{mc{ y wûioxd{, zmpd m{xd {m fckm imed{ gpmk}mexm me ld{ kokld{ zd{xmpodpm{ &xdicp lc zélhdpc kde cloimexd{ z}mhm pmh}kop lc{ eã}{mc{/% Lc{ i}bmpm{ xci`oïe z}mhme xmemp hdldpm{ hm kc`mrc, imedp lo`ohd y hmzpm{oûe d kci`od{ hml m{xchd hm ãeoid% Mexpm dxpd{ mgmkxd{ {mk}ehcpod{ gon}pce lc {me{o`olohch mvkm{owc hm lc icic, ml ckeï y ld{ icpmd{% Zdp dxpc zcpxm, lc zélhdpc cexokdekmzxowc pmn}lc ml kokld ime{xp}cl hm lc i}bmp, y pmh}km lc kcexohch hm {cenpchd me }e zpd) imhod czpdvoichd hml 7:-, yc s}m {m pmh}km ml npd{dp hml mehdimxpod% M{xm mgmkxd z}mhm {mp `memgokod{d zcpc i}kfc{ i}bmpm{% Zdp mbmizld, ml }{d hm lc zélhdpc cexokdekmzxowc z}mhm mloioecp ml hdldp s}m {}gpme cln}ec{ i}bmpm{ me lc ioxch hml kokld, y pmh}km ld{ kûlokd{ ime{xp}clm{% Z}m{xd s}m ml {cenpchd {m pmh}km, lc zd{o`olohch hm czcpokoûe hm cemioc xci`oïe {}mlm pmh}kop{m% M{ zd{o`lm s}m cln}ec{ i}bmpm{ mvzmpoime) xme cimedppmc, y dxpc{ {cenpchd oexmpime{xp}cl% C eowml imxc`ûlokd, zdp dxpc zcpxm, {m oekpmimexce ld{ eowm) lm{ hm nl}kd{c me {cenpm y c}imexc lc pm{o{xmekoc hml dpnceo{id fckoc lc oe{}loec% C eowml û{md, lc zélhdpc cexokdekmzxowc mwoxc zd{o`lm{ zïphohc{ hm kclkod, kde ld s}m zpmwomem lc czcpokoûe hm d{xmdzdpd{o{% Mexpm ld{ pom{nd{ hm kcpãkxmp iïhokd c lcpnd zlcrd gon}pc lc pmlckoûe mexpm lc zélhdpc y ld{ kãekmpm{ y lc{ megmpimhc) hm{ kcphodwc{k}lcpm{% Me m{xm {mexohd, lc chioeo{xpckoûe hm CDK z}mhm zpdwdkcp oegcpxd hm iodkcphod y xpdi`d{o{ kdpdecpoc d wmed{c me i}bmpm{ {}{kmzxo`lm{%
XXMIC MIC ;;:% :% P mckkodem{ cch hw mp {c{ hhm`ohc{ m`ohc{ cc mmvkozomexm{ vkozomexm{ y hwwmp{c{ Pmckkodem{ ddxpd{ xp d{ zzpdh}k p dh}kx { hhm m }}{d {d {{ceoxcpod% ceoxcp od% kxdd{ Ld{ mvkozomexm{ {de choxowd{ s}m {m }xolorce zcpc xpce{gdpicp }ec {}{xcekoc gcpickdlûnokcimexm ckxowc me }ec gdpic gcpickï}xokc, zdp ld xcexd z}mhme oegl}op me lc{ zpdzomhchm{ zpdzomhchm{ s}éiokc{ y$d gé{okc{ hml zpoekozod ckxo) wd% Hm gdpic nmempcl, ld{ mvkozomexm{ hm`me {mp {}{xcekoc{ oempxm{ y hm `cbd kd{xm, hm`me m{xcp czpd`chd{ zdp ld{ dpnceo{id{ pmn}lcxdpod{ hm kchc zcé{ y, chmiã{, hm`me m{xcp kdimpkoclimexm ho{zdeo`lm{% Cl on}cl s}m ld{ zpoekozod{ ckxowd{ }xolorchd{ me lc oeh}{xpoc gcpickï}xokc, ld{ mvkozomexm{ z}mhme zpdwdkcp zpdwdkcp pmckkodem{ chwmp{c{ {d`pm ml dpnceo{id, edpiclimexm me g}ekoûe hm lc hd{o{ chioeo{xpchc y ml xomizd hm xpcxciomexd% Ld{ mvkozomexm{ iã{ fc`ox}clm{ zpm{mexm{ me zpdh}kxd{ gcpickï}xokd{ {de, g}ehcimexclimexm2 g}ehcimexclimexm2 Lckxd{c% Lc lckxd{c m{ ml hmedioechd cròkcp hm lc lmkfm, ed m{ hmic{ochd h}lkm y m{xã gdpichd zdp nl}kd{c y nclckxd{c% Ed zpdwdkc pmckkodem{ chwmp{c{ me ml {mp f}iced, c mvkmzkoûe hm cs}mlld{ zckomexm{ s}m {}gpme ml hmedioechd {éehpdim hm oexdlmpcekoc c lc lckxd{c hm`ohd c lc c}{mekoc d hïgokox hm lc meroic lckxc{c, kczcr hm imxc`dlorcp lc lckxd{c me ml dpnceo{id1 me m{xd{ kc{d{, lc lckxd{c z}mhm zpdh}kop wûioxd{, hocppmc, glcx}lmekoc y hdldp c`hdioecl% [ckcpd{c% Lc {ckcpd{c m{ ml hmedioechd cròkcp hm im{c, xomem }e {c`dp i}y h}lkm y m{xã kde{xox}ohd zdp lc }eoûe hm nl}kd{c y hm gp}kxd{c% Ed zpdwdkc pmckkodem{ chwmp{c{ me ml {mp f}iced1 me zckomexm{ hoc`ïxokd{ z}mhm zpdwdkcp npcwm{ k}chpd{ hm fozmpnl}kmioc% Xcpxpckoec% Lc xcpxpckoec m{ }e kdldpcexm kczcr hm zpdzdpkodecp }ec kdldpckoûe cicpollmexc {d`pm lc{ gdpic{ gcpickï}xokc{% Z}mhm zpdh}kop pmckkodem{ chwmp{c{ s}m k}p{ce kde pmckkodem p mckkodem{{ hm fozmp{me{o`olohch fozmp{me{o`olohch y, me ld{ kc{d{ iã{ mvxpmid{, {fdka cecgolãkxokd, g}ehcimexclimexm mexpm cs}mllc{ zmp{dec{ clïp) nokc{ cl CC[% Ml imkceo{id hm m{xc {me{o`olohch kp}rchc ed m{ `ome kdedkohd, yc s}m ed mvo{xm }e zcpmexm{kd s}éiokd mwohmexm mexpm ci`c{ {}{xcekoc{% Clkdfdl `mekélokd% Ml clkdfdl `mekélokd m{ }e cnmexm kde{mpwchdp cizlocimexm }xolorchd me zpmzcpchd{ oeymkxc`lm{% [clwd m{xpokxd kpoxmpod iïhokd ed hm`m }{cp{m me pmkoïe eckohd{, m{zmkoclimexm me zpmicx}pd{1 me m{xd{ kc{d{, ml clkdfdl `mekélokd fc {ohd c{dkochd kde ml hmedioechd {éehpdim hm Nc{zoen, kcpck) xmporchd zdp kdew}l{odem{, bchmd{ y gclld kcphodwc{k}lcp, kcphodwc{k}lcp, z}homehd llmncp c zpdwdkcp lc i}mpxm hml oe) gcexm% Chioeo{xpchd zdp wéc oexpcxmkcl &m{xd m{, oeymkkoûe hopmkxc c eowml hml m{zckod {}`cpckedohmd, s}m mew}mlwm cl mekïgcld y lc iïh}lc m{zoecl/, z}mhm zpdwdkcp pmckkodem{ hm fozmp{me{o`olohch y em}pdxdvokohch me eoód{ y me zckomexm{ ch}lxd{% Mxcedl% Ml mxcedl m{ }e clkdfdl s}m pm{}lxc òxol zcpc {dl}`olorcp zpoekozod{ ckxowd{ zcpkoclimexm {dl}`lm{ me cn}c1 chmiã{, m{ }e m{x}zmehd kde{mpwcexm% Z}mhm {mp kc}{c hm pom{nd me zckomexm{ kde megmp) imhch fmzãxokc, clkdfdlo{id, mzolmz{oc y me i}bmpm{ mi`cpcrchc{, cekoced{ y eoód{% C hd{o{ mlm) wchc{, ml mxcedl m{ }e oizdpxcexm hmzpm{dp hml [EK%
) ?; )
Gmedl% Ml gmedl m{ }e clkdfdl zpdkmhmexm hml `mekmed s}m {}mlm }xolorcp{m kdid hm{oegmkxcexm, c}es}m xci`oïe z}mhm gdpicp zcpxm hm howmp{c{ gdpic{ gcpickï}xokc{% Cln}ec{ wmkm{ zpdh}km }e k}chpd hm mvkoxckoûe xpce{oxdpoc hm`ohd c lc cgoeohch s}m xomem zdp ml xdppmexm {cen}éemd y s}m k}p{c kde hm) zpm{oûe hml [EK, kdlcz{d kopk}lcxdpod y gclld pm{zopcxdpod% Xodimp{cl% Ml xodimp{cl m{ }e kde{mpwcexm cizlocimexm }xolorchd me kdlopod{% Me pcpc{ dkc{odem{, z}mhm zpdh}) kop hcód pmecl% Acxfde &imxolo{dxocrdloedec/% Ml acxfde d imxolo{dxocrdloedec m{ }e cnmexm kde{mpwcexm cizlocimexm }xolorchd me zpdh}kxd{ kde meb}cn}m xclm{ kdid kfcizò{ y nmlm{ kdpzdpclm{ ckxowd{ kdexpc `ckxmpoc{, lmwch}pc{ y idfd{% Z}m) hm zpdwdkcp pmckkodem{ hm fozmp{me{o`olohch c eowml k}xãemd% Imxc`o{}lgoxd {ûhokd% Ml imxc{}lgoxd {ûhokd m{ }e cnmexm cexodvohcexm kczcr hm zpdh}kop pmckkodem{ hm fozmp{me{o`olohch me zckomexm{ c{iãxokd{% Dxpd{ zpdh}kxd{ hm }{d {ceoxcpod i}y fc`ox}clm{ {de, `ã{okcimexm2 Kd`pm% Ml kd`pm m{ }e imxcl i}y }xolorchd me ld{ ho{zd{oxowd{ oexpc}xmpoed{ &HO]{/, `ã{okcimexm, zms}mód{ czcpcxd{ hm zlã{xokd y imxcl, glmvo`lm{, s}m {m kdldkce me ml oexmpodp hml òxmpd y s}m pm{}lxce mgokckm{ kdid iïxdhd cexokdekmzxowd% Lc zpm{mekoc hm kd`pm me m{xd{ ho{zd{oxowd{ z}mhm c}imexcp lc zïpho) hc edpicl hm {cenpm ime{xp}cl me }e =:-, ld k}cl z}mhm {mp {oneogokcxowd hm{hm ml z}exd hm wo{xc kléeokd zcpc lc{ i}bmpm{ s}m {}gpme hm cemioc% Ml kd`pm xci`oïe z}mhm zpdh}kop oeglcickoûe m oppoxc) koûe c eowml wcnoecl% Lãxmv% Ml lãxmv m{ }ec ndic kczcr hm c}imexcp lc pm{o{xmekoc y glmvo`olohch hm oee}impc`lm{ d`bmxd{ hm }{d kdxohoced, hm{hm kf}zmxm{ y xmxoec{ hm `o`mpûe, fc{xc n}cexm{ s}opòpnokd{ y zpm{mpwcxowd{% Me cln}) ec{ zmp{dec{ z}mhm zpdwdkcp pmckkodem{ hm fozmp{me{o`olohch s}m k}p{ce kde }pxokcpoc, mkkmic m foekfcrûe hm kdexckxd1 me dkc{odem{, xci`oïe zpdh}km c{ic y {fdka cecgolãkxokd% Lc{ pmckkodem{ clïpnokc{ {}mlme czcpmkmp k}cehd ld{ zpdh}kxd{ fmkfd{ hm lãxmv mexpce me kdexckxd kde lc zoml hm lc zmp{dec, imi`pcec{ i}kd{c{ &kdid lc `dkc, ld{ nmeoxclm{, lc wmbonc d ml pmkxd/ d ml xdppmexm {ce) n}éemd &h}pcexm }ec dzmpckoûe s}opòpnokc/%
) ?8 )
XXMIC MIC ;;3% Oexmp ckkodem{ i mhokcimexd{c{% ;33%% Oexmpckkodem{ imhokcimexd{c{% Hm gdpic nmempcl, lc{ oexmpckkodem{ imhokcimexd{c{ &OI/ {de gmeûimed{ s}m czcpmkme k}cehd ml mgmkxd hm }e gãpickd pm{}lxc idhogokchd zdp lc chioeo{xpckoûe zpmwoc, kdekdioxcexm d zd{xmpodp hm dxpd cnmexm gcp) ickdlûnokd, hm clnòe kdizdemexm cloimexcpod, hm cln}ec `m`ohc d hm clnòe kdexcioecexm ci`omexcl% Lc{ zpoekozclm{ idhogokckodem{ s}m z}mhm {}gpop }e gãpickd cl oexmpckkodecp kde cln}ec {}{xcekoc hmxmpioechc {de, g}ehcimexclimexm2 Ho{ioe}koûe d {}zpm{oûe hml mgmkxd gcpickdlûnokd% gcpickdlûnokd% Zdxmekockoûe hml mgmkxd gcpickdlûnokd% Czcpokoûe hm xdvokohch% Edpiclimexm, lc oexmpckkoûe imhokcimexd{c pm{}lxc hm }ec c{dkockoûe hm gãpickd{ oechmk}chc me }ec zpm{kpozkoûe iïhokc, {d`pm xdhd k}cehd {de howmp{d{ m{zmkoclo{xc{ ld{ s}m pmkmxce wcpod{ imhokcimexd{ ho{xoexd{1 m{xm m{ ml kc{d hm lc zdloimhokoec% Fcy dkc{odem{, {oe mi`cpnd, me s}m }ec zmp{dec zdp {é io{) ic {m c}xdimhokc y {m chioeo{xpc wcpod{ gãpickd{ hm gdpic iã{ d imed{ kdeb}exc1 m{xm m{ ml kc{d hm lc zdlogcpickoc d zdloimhokckoûe, gpmk}mexmimexm c{dkochc c zmp{dec{ cekocec{% Me k}cls}omp kc{d, m{ zpd) `c`lm s}m i}kfd{ mgmkxd{ chwmp{d{ zpdh}kohd{ zdp }ec OI zc{me hm{czmpko`ohd{ d z}mhce {mp icloexmpzpm) xchd{ kdid iceogm{xckodem{ pmlckodechc{ kde lc zcxdldnéc `c{cl% Ml imkceo{id hm e}impd{c{ OI m{ kded) kohd y, zdp xcexd, ml pm{}lxchd hm lc{ io{ic{ m{ zpmwo{o`lm, {oe mi`cpnd m{xd {ûld m{ zd{o`lm fc{xc }e kompxd z}exd% Ml eòimpd hm OI kléeokcimexm pmlmwcexm{ m{ zms}mód kdizcpchd kde ml eòimpd hm OI zd{o`lm{1 zdp mlld, ld{ kcxãldnd{ mvfc}{xowd{ hm OI ed xomeme hmic{ochc }xolohch kléeokc, {omehd iã{ òxolm{ hm{hm m{xm z}exd hm wo{xc lc{ pmwo{odem{ kpéxokc{ y {mlmkxowc{% Fcy s}m xmemp me k}mexc, chmiã{, s}m kchc zckomexm m{ kczcr hm pmckkodecp hm gdpic ho{xoexc c }ec {}{xcekoc hmxmpioechc oexpdh}kohc me {} dpnceo{id &wcpoc`olo) hch hm pm{z}m{xc{/% Zdp dxpc zcpxm, hm`m kdedkmp{m s}m ld{ gãpickd{ hm m{xpmkfd icpnme xmpczï}xokd, kd) id lc hondvoec, lc koimxohoec, ml loxod d ld{ cexokdcn}lcexm{ dpclm{, {}mlme {mp ld{ iã{ {}{kmzxo`lm{ hm {}gpop oexmpckkodem{ kde dxpc{ {}{xcekoc{% M{xm fmkfd xci`oïe pm{}lxc fc`ox}cl me gãpickd{ k}yc{ kdekmexpckodem{ kdekmexpckodem{ hm chioeo{xpckoûe czcpmkme i}y cb}{xchc{, kdid me ml kc{d hm ld{ cexokdekmzxowd{ dpclm{% Zdp pmnlc nmempcl, k}cehd {m {d{zmkfc d {m kdizp}m`c lc czcpokoûe hm cln}ec OI ed `meonec zcpc ml zc) komexm {m m{x}hoc {o lc xmpczï}xokc czlokchc m{ emkm{cpoc% [o ed m{ zd{o`lm {}zpoiop eoenòe imhokcimexd {m oexmexce kdexpdlcp lc{ pmckkodem{ chwmp{c{ zpdh}kohc{ imhocexm {mn}oiomexd y ideoxdporckoûe hm ld{ gãpic) kd{ oizlokchd{% Dxpc {dl}koûe kde{o{xm me chioeo{xpcp }e e}mwd gãpickd zcpc wcpocp ld{ mgmkxd{ hm lc OI zpdh}kohc d zpmwmeop {}{ mgmkxd{, c}es}m xci`oïe z}mhme czcpmkmp e}mwc{ oexmpckkodem{ ed hm{mchc{% Ml `clcekm `memgokod$pom{nd hm xdhd xpcxciomexd gcpickdlûnokd hm`m {mp kdedkohd y mwcl}chd k}ohchd{cimexm cexm{ hm s}m {m chdzxm lc hmko{oûe hm zpm{kpo`op }e gãpickd% C{é z}m{, cs}mllc{ zmp{dec{ s}m {m mek}me) xpce oewdl}kpchd{ hm icempc hopmkxc &iïhokd/ m oehopmkxc &gcpickï}xokd/ me lc zpm{kpozkoûe hm }e gãpickd, {de ld{ {dkod{ ecx}pclm{ hml zckomexm me k}cexd c {} xmpczoc imhokcimexd{c%
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Pmckkodem{ me ld{ zckomexm{ &-/% 8%0 >%8 08%0 8: 8=
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) ?= )
Lc c`{dpkoûe hm }e gãpickd, kdehokodecexm hm xdhd ml zpdkm{d gcpickdlûnokd, z}mhm idhogokcp{m hm howmp) {d{ idhd{% Wmcid{ cln}ed{ mbmizld{2 Mvo{xme gãpickd{ s}m, kdid kde{mk}mekoc hm lc czcpokoûe hm e}impd{c{ oexmpckkodem{ go{okds}éio) kc{, z}mhme gdpicp kdizlmbd{ imxãlokd{ d s}mlcxd{, oekpmimexcehd d ho{ioe}ymehd {} kczckohch hm c`{dpkoûe me ml dpnceo{id% M{xm m{ ml kc{d hm lc{ xmxpckokloec{, kczckm{ hm gdpicp s}mlcxd{ kde kcxodem{ zm{chd{, kdid ml Kc 0! hm ld{ zpdh}kxd{ lãkxmd{ d ld{ imxclm{ zpdkmhmexm{ hm cnmexm{ ce) xoãkohd{ &Cl;!, In0!, Kc0!, mxk%/, ho{ioe}ymehd {} zpdzoc kczckohch hm c`{dpkoûe me ml dpnceo{id% Cln}ed{ cexokdcn}lcexm{, kdid ml hok}icpdl, {de kczckm{ hm oekpmimexcp {} kczckohch hm c`{dp) koûe cl oexmpckkodecp kde {clm{ hm icnem{od zpdkmhmexm{ hm cln}ed{ cexoãkohd{% Lc odeorckoûe hm cln}ed{ gãpickd{, kdid kompxc{ `c{m{ hï`olm{, m{ g}ehcimexcl zcpc zdhmp {mp c`) {dp`ohd{ zdp ml dpnceo{id% Me m{xm {mexohd, {m {c`m s}m lc{ gdpic{ ed odeorchc{ {m c`{dp`me kde icydp pczohmr% Fcy {}{xcekoc{ kczckm{ hm idhogokcp ml zF nã{xpokd, kdid ld{ cexoãkohd{, ckx}cehd hopmkxcimexm {d`pm lc kczckohch hm odeorckoûe hm cln}ed{ gãpickd{, kdid lc{ gl}dps}oedldec{ cexo) `ckxmpocec{, ho{ioe}ymehd {} kczckohch hm c`{dpkoûe zdp zcpxm hml dpnceo{id% Lc{ s}oedldec{ {de `c{m{ hï`olm{, zdp ld s}m {}mlme gdpicp kcxodem{ c zF lonmpcimexm `ã{okd% Cln}ed{ kdiz}m{xd{ z}mhme idhogokcp lc idxolohch oexm{xoecl, cgmkxcehd hopmkxcimexm c ld{ zpdkm{d{ hm c`{dpkoûe hm e}impd{d{ gãpickd{ chioeo{xpchd{ chioeo{xpchd{ zdp wéc dpcl% Me m{xm {mexohd, ml clkdfdl, ld{ ce) xohmzpm{owd{ xpokéklokd{ &CHX/ y ld{ cnmexm{ cexofo{xciéeokd{ {}mlme ho{ioe}op lc idxolohch oexm{xoecl, c}imexcehd c}imexcehd ml xomizd hm xpãe{oxd hm cs}mlld{ gãpickd{ zpm{mexm{ me ml xpckxd honm{xowd, m oekpmime) xcehd kde{mk}mexmimexm {} kczckohch hm c`{dpkoûe y {}{ zd{o`lm{ mgmkxd{ edkowd{% Lc ko{czpohc y lc imxdkldzpciohc mbmpkme }e mgmkxd kdexpcpod {d`pm lc idxolohch oexm{xoecl, fckomehd s}m lc ckkoûe gcpickdlûnokc hm ld{ gãpickd{ zpm{mexm{ me ml xpckxd honm{xowd {mc zpãkxokcimexm e}lc% Fcy gãpickd{ s}m pms}ompme {o{xmic{ m{zmkégokd{ hm xpce{zdpxm ckxowd zcpc {mp c`{dp`ohd{ me ml dp) nceo{id% K}cehd m{xd{ {o{xmic{ {m {cx}pce lc c`{dpkoûe me ml x}`d honm{xowd s}mhc i}y loioxchc, m oekl}{d me dkc{odem{ ed xomem l}ncp% M{xm fmkfd m{ fc`ox}cl k}cehd {m chioeo{xpce hd{ gãpickd{ ho{xoexd{ s}m pms}ompme }e io{id {o{xmic hm xpce{zdpxm ckxowd% Edpiclimexm, mexpm ci`d{ kdi) z}m{xd{ {m m{xc`lmkm }e zpdkm{d hm kdizmxmekoc s}m clxmpc lc c`{dpkoûe hm cln}ed hm mlld{% Cln}) ed{ gãpickd{ s}m kdizcpxme ml io{id {o{xmic hm xpce{zdpxm c eowml oexm{xoecl {de lc cidvokoloec, lc lmwdhdzc y ml zpdzcedldl% Lc npce icydpéc hm cexo`oûxokd{ dpclm{ idhogokce lc gldpc oexm{xoecl, cgmkxcehd hopmkxcimexm c ld{ zpdkm{d{ hm c`{dpkoûe hm cln}ed{ gãpickd{% Zdp mbmizld, ld{ cexokdcn}lcexm{ dpclm{, cl {mp chio) eo{xpchd{ hm gdpic kdeb}exc kde cexo`oûxokd{, z}mhme c}imexcp {} kczckohch hm c`{dpkoûe oexm{xoecl m oekpmimexcp {} ckkoûe xmpczï}xokc% ]ec wmr c`{dp`ohd{, ld{ gãpickd{ {}mlme ho{xpo`}op{m zdp ml dpnceo{id, edpiclimexm }eohd{ c zpdxméec{ zlc{iãxokc{ &cl`òioec, nl}kdzpdxméec{, lozdzpdxméec{, nld`}loec{, mxk%/1 ml pm{xd kopk}lc zdp ml zlc{ic me {} gdpic lo`pm% Ld{ mgmkxd{ gcpickdlûnokd{ hm }e hmxmpioechd gãpickd òeokcimexm {de zpdh}kohd{ zdp lc{ gdp) ic{ lo`pm{ s}m clkcerce {} hocec d kmexpd hm ckkoûe% Lc }eoûe c lc{ zpdxméec{ zlc{iãxokc{ z}mhm idhogokcp lc ho{xpo`}koûe hml gãpickd, ho{ioe}ymehd {} ckkoûe xmpczï}xokc% K}cehd lc kcexohch chioeo{xpchc hml gãp) ickd m{ mlmwchc, ld{ {oxod{ hm }eoûe c zpdxméec{ zlc{iãxokc{ z}mhme {cx}pcp{m, gcwdpmkomehd ml hm{zlcrc) iomexd fckoc gdpic{ lo`pm{ me ml dpnceo{id% Zdp dxpc zcpxm, k}cehd {m chioeo{xpce kdeb}excimexm hd{ gãp) ickd{ kde kczckohch hm }eop{m c }ec io{ic zpdxméec zlc{iãxokc z}mhme m{xc`lmkmp{m zpdkm{d{ hm kdizm) xmekoc kczckm{ hm oekpmimexcp lc zpm{mekoc hm gdpic{ lo`pm{ hm cln}ed hm mlld{ d hm ci`d{, c}imexcehd kde{mk}mexmimexm kde{mk}mexmimexm lc ckxowohch gcpickdlûnokc y ld{ zd{o`lm{ mgmkxd{ chwmp{d{% Zdp mbmizld, cln}ed{ COEM{, kdid lc gmeol`}xcrdec, {m }eme cl ?6- hm lc{ zpdxméec{ zlc{iãxokc{, hm on}cl gdpic s}m lc ~cpgcpoec% Cl kdizmxop zdp ml io{id l}ncp hm }eoûe, ld{ hd{ gãpickd{ {m mek}mexpce me kdekmexpckodem{ iã{ mlmwchc{% Fcy iã{ ckkoûe cexooeglcicxdpoc cexooeglcicxdpoc y iã{ ckkoûe cexokdcn}lcexm% [omizpm s}m {m c}imexme lc{ hd{o{ {m oekpm) imexc ml pom{nd hm czcpokoûe hm pmckkodem{ xûvokc{% Mvo{xme gãpickd{ s}m, cexm{ hm {mp mloioechd{ zdp ml dpnceo{id, hm`me {mp `odxpce{gdpichd{ d imxc`dlorc) hd{ zcpc zpdh}kop gdpic{ fohpd{dl}`lm{ y gãkolimexm mvkpmxc`lm{ zdp wéc }poecpoc% Lc{ zpoekozclm{ oexmpckkod) em{ pmlckodechc{ kde ml imxc`dlo{id hm gãpickd{ czcpmkme kdid kde{mk}mekoc hm clnòe gmeûimed hm oefo`okoûe d oeh}kkoûe hm ld{ {o{xmic{ meroiãxokd{ oizlokchd{, kdid ml koxdkpdid Z8=:% Me cln}ed{ kc{d{, }e gãpickd ckxòc kdid {}{xpcxd clxmpecxowd hm }e {o{xmic meroiãxokd imxc`ûlokd imxc`ûlokd m oizohm lc }eoûe hm hokfd {o{xmic kde dxpd{ gãpickd{1 m{xm fmkfd {m kdedkm kdid oefo`okoûe meroiãxokc kdizmxoxowc% Fcy dkc{odem{, {oe mi`cpnd, me s}m }e gãpickd m{ kczcr hm gdpicp kdizlmbd{ kde cln}ec meroic imxc`ûlokc m oizohm lc `odxpce{gdpickoûe `odxpce{gdpickoûe hm dxpd gãpickd1 m{ ml kc{d hm lc oefo`okoûe meroiãxokc ed kdizmxoxowc% Zdp òlxoid, mvo{xme gãpickd{ s}m gcwdpmkme lc ckkoûe hm }e {o{xmic meroiãxokd {d`pm dxpd gãpickd1 m{xm fmkfd {m kdedkm kd) id oeh}kkoûe meroiãxokc% Zdp mbmizld, lc `odho{zdeo`olohch hml amxdkdecrdl ho{ioe}ym zdp lc chioeo{xpckoûe kdekdioxcexm hm oeh}kxdpm{ meroiãxokd{ kdid lc pogcizokoec, lc kcp`cicrmzoec, lc o{deocrohc y lc gmeoxdéec% Cln}ec{ gl}dps}oedldec{, gl}dps}oedldec{, kdid ml kozpdgldvckoed, {de oefo`ohdpm{ hml imxc`dlo{id fmzãxokd hm kompxd{ gãpic) kd{, oekl}ohd{ ld{ cexokdcn}lcexm{ dpclm{% M{xd z}mhm hcp kdid pm{}lxchd }e c}imexd y$d zpdldenckoûe hm
) ?7 )
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Lc{ oexmpckkodem{ gcpickdhoeãiokc{ czcpmkme k}cehd {m idhogokc lc pmlckoûe hm }e gãpickd kde {} kmexpd pmkmzxdp d hocec% Me m{xm {mexohd, kc`m ho{xoen}op2 Gãpickd{ fdidïpnokd{% [de kdiz}m{xd{ hogmpmexm{ s}m hm{cppdllce ml io{id mgmkxd gcpickdlûnokd% gcpickdlûnokd% Gãpickd{ fmxmpdïpnokd{% [de kdiz}m{xd{ hogmpmexm{ s}m hm{cppdllce ho{xoexd{ mgmkxd{ gcpickdlûnokd{% Gãpickd{ fdidhoeãiokd{% [de kdiz}m{xd{ hogmpmexm{ s}m xomeme lc kczckohch hm }eop{m y ckx}cp {d`pm ml io{id pmkmzxdp d meroic &xomeme cgoeohch zdp lc io{ic hocec/% Gãpickd{ fmxmpdhoeãiokd{% [de kdiz}m{xd{ hogmpmexm{ hogmpmexm{ s}m {m }eme c ho{xoexd{ kmexpd{ hm ckkoûe% Lc o{dzpmecloec m{ }e gãpickd ed {mlmkxowd kczcr hm }eop{m c ld{ pmkmzxdpm{ ΰ)chpmeïpnokd{, )chpmeïpnokd{, zpdh}komehd pmlcbckoûe }xmpoec% Ml CC[, zdp dxpc zcpxm, oefo`m lc {éexm{o{ hm zpd{xcnlcehoec{ y pmlcbc ml òxmpd% [de gãpic) kd{ fdidïpnokd{ y fmxmpdhoeãiokd{% Lc chpmecloec, kczcr hm ckx}cp {d`pm pmkmzxdpm{ γ y ΰ)chpmeïpnokd{, y lc o{dzpmecloec {de, zdp dxpc zcpxm, gãpickd{ fdidhoeãiokd{ s}m z}mhme hcp mgmkxd{ fdidïpnokd{% K}cehd hd{ gãpickd{ ho{xoexd{ ckxòce hm gdpic kdeb}exc lc {}ic hm ld{ mgmkxd{ zcpkoclm{ z}mhm dponoecp }e oekpm) imexd hm ld{ mgmkxd{ nld`clm{1 m{xm zpdkm{d {m kdedkm kdid {oempnoc d {}ickoûe hm mgmkxd{% M{xd m{ fc`ox}cl, zdp mbmizld, xpc{ lc chioeo{xpckoûe kdeb}exc hm OICD y kompxd{ gãpickd{ {oizcxokdioiïxokd{, {oizcxokdioiïxokd{, kdid ml kcpxmdldl% Ml cexcndeo{id hm mgmkxd{, zdp dxpc zcpxm, czcpmkm k}cehd hd{ gãpickd{ chioeo{xpchd{ kde) b}excimexm ho{ioe}yme ho{ioe}yme ld{ mgmkxd{ d`{mpwc`lm{ nld`clm{% Edpiclimexm, Edpiclimexm, }e gãpickd ho{ioe}ym lc ckkoûe hml dxpd% M{xm m{ ml kc{d hml {cl`}xcidl y ld{ gãpickd{ ΰ)`lds}mcexm{1 ml {cl`}xcidl m{ }e m{xoi}lcexm hm ld{ pmkmzxdpm{ ΰ)chpmeïpnokd{ y {} mgmkxd m{ cexcndeorchd zdp ld{ cnmexm{ ΰ)`lds}mcexm{% Fcy kc{d{, {oe mi) `cpnd, me s}m czcpmkm zdxmekockoûe hm mgmkxd{, k}cehd ml mgmkxd d`{mpwc`lm m{ iã{ npcehm s}m lc {}ic hm ld{ mgmkxd{ zcpkoclm{ zpdh}kohd zdp lc chioeo{xpckoûe kdeb}exc hm hd{ gãpickd{ ho{xoexd{% Lc chioeo{xpc) koûe kdeb}exc hm cexohmzpm{owd{ xpokéklokd{ y edpchpmecloec edpchpmecloec zpdwdkc m{xc {ox}ckoûe%
Gãpickd{ {}{kmzxo`lm{ c lc{ oexmpckkodem{ imhokcimexd{c{% Lc{ oexmpckkodem{ imhokcimexd{c{ z}mhme czcpmkmp me lc npce icydpéc hm gãpickd{, c}es}m ld{ iã{ fc`o) x}clm{ {de, g}ehcimexclimexm2 Cexokdekmzxowd{ dpclm{% Ld{ cexokdekmzxowd{ dpclm{, kde{xox}ohd{ imhocexm }ec imrklc hm m{xpûnmed{ y zpdnm{xãnmed{ fdp) ideclm{, zpm{mexce }ec `odho{zdeo`olohch i}y wcpoc`lm me g}ekoûe hml zckomexm xpcxchd% Me m{xm {me) xohd z}mhme czcpmkmp i}lxox}h hm oexmpckkodem{ kde dxpd{ imhokcimexd{% Zdp mbmizld, lc woxcioec K z}mhm ho{ioe}op ml imxc`dlo{id hm ld{ cexokdekmzxowd{, nmempcehd }e oekpmimexd hm {}{ mgmkxd{ gcpickdlûnokd{ y {} zd{o`lm xdvokohch% Cln}ed{ gãpickd{ s}m gcwdpmkme ml imxc`dlo{id hm ld{ cexo) kdekmzxowd{ {de, zdp mbmizld, ld{ cexo`oûxokd{ hm cizlod m{zmkxpd xmpczï}xokd, kdid lc pogcizokoec, y howmp{d{ cexomzolïzxokd{, cexomzolïzxokd{, kdid ml gmed`cp`oxcl, gmed`cp`oxcl, lc gmeoxdéec y lc kcp`cicrmzoec% Zdp dxpc zcpxm, ld{ ce) xokdekmzxowd{ dpclm{ z}mhme oefo`op ml imxc`dlo{id hm howmp{d{ gãpickd{, kdid ld{ cexohmzpm{owd{ xpokéklokd{, cln}ed{ `lds}mcexm{ `lds}mcexm{ ΰ)chpmeïpnokd{, ml hocrmzci y lc kcgméec, nmempcehd }e zd{o`lm c}) imexd hm lc xdvokohch hm kchc }ed hm mlld{% Ml imxc`dlo{id hm cln}ec{ `merdhocrmzoec{, kdid ml dvcrmzci y ml ldpcrmzci, z}mhm {mp oekpmimexchd zdp ml }{d hm cexokdekmzxowd{ dpclm{% Cexooeglcicxdpod{ ed m{xmpdohmd{ &COEM{/% Ld{ COEM{ z}mhme hm{zlcrcp c e}impd{d{ gãpickd{ hm {} }eoûe c zpdxméec{ zlc{iãxokc{, kde ld s}m oekpmimexce {}{ zd{o`lm{ mgmkxd{ chwmp{d{% Zdp mbmizld, me ml kc{d hm ld{ cexokdcn}lcexm{ z}mhme czcpmkmp fmidppcnoc{ ed hm{mchc{% C{oio{id, ml }{d hm cexohoc`ïxokd{ dpclm{ z}mhm zpd) wdkcp }e oekpmimexd hml mgmkxd fozdnl}kmiocexm% Chioeo{xpchd{ kdeb}excimexm kde cexofozmpxme{o) wd{, ld{ COEM{ z}mhme zpdh}kop npcwm{ k}chpd{ hm fozmpxme{oûe% Zdp dxpc zcpxm, ld{ COEM{ chioeo{) xpchd{ kde kdpxokdohm{ z}mhme zpdwdkcp òlkmpc nc{xpdh}dhmecl y fmidppcnoc{ oexm{xoeclm{% Zcpc zpm) wmeop m{xd{ mgmkxd{ {m {}mlm }xolorcp dimzpcrdl kdid zpdxmkxdp nã{xpokd% M{ oizdpxcexm hm{xckcp, chmiã{, s}m lc oenm{xoûe hm clkdfdl h}pcexm }e xpcxciomexd kde COEM{ z}mhm oekpmimexcp {}{ mgmk) xd{ edkowd{ y, me ml kc{d hml CC[, z}mhm zpdh}kop npcwm{ fmidppcnoc{ fmidppcnoc{ zdp oexmpckkoûe choxowc% Cexokdcn}lcexm{ dpclm{% Ld{ cexokdcn}lcexm{ dpclm{ {de gãpickd{ hm m{xpmkfd icpnme xmpczï}xokd% Hm gdpic nmempcl, z}m) hme zpdwdkcp fmidppcnoc{ zdp hm{zlcrciomexd hm lc{ zpdxméec{ zlc{iãxokc{, cl {mp chioeo{xpchd{ kdeb}excimexm kde kldgo`pcxd, zdp oefo`okoûe meroiãxokc, cl {mp chioeo{xpchd{ kde ho{}lgopci, d zdp zdxmekockoûe hml mgmkxd gcpickdlûnokd, cl {mp chioeo{xpchd kde COEM{% Chioeo{xpchd{ kde pogcizoko) ec, ld{ cexokdcn}lcexm{ cexokdcn}lcexm{ dpclm{ oekpmimexce ml pom{nd hm czcpokoûe hm xpdi`d{o{%
) ?6 )
Cexomzolïzxokd{% Lc icydpéc hm gãpickd{ cexomzolïzxokd{ {de kczckm{ hm idhogokcp ml imxc`dlo{id, zdp oeh}kkoûe d zdp oefo`okoûe meroiãxokc, hm e}impd{d{ gãpickd{% Me nmempcl, pmh}kme ld{ eowmlm{ zlc{iãxokd{ hm ld{ cexokdekmzxowd{ y hm ld{ cexokdcn}lcexm{ dpclm{, hm ld{ kdpxokdohm{ y hm lc{ kokld{zdpoec{ &gãpic) kd{ oei}ed{}zpm{dpm{, kczckm{ hm pmh}kop lc ckkoûe hml {o{xmic oei}eoxcpod/% Cl chioeo{xpcp hm gdp) ic kdeb}exc gãpickd{ cexomzolïzxokd{ kde cexokdcn}lcexm{ dpclm{ hm`m mwoxcp{m lc {}zpm{oûe hml xpc) xciomexd cexomzolïzxokd zdp pom{nd hm czcpokoûe hm fmidppcnoc{% Chioeo{xpchd{ kde clkdfdl y `merd) hocrmzoec{, ld{ cexomzolïzxokd{ oekpmimexce ml pom{nd hm hmzpm{oûe pm{zopcxdpoc% Lc kcp`cicrmzoec, zdxmexm oeh}kxdp meroiãxokd, m{ kczcr hm pmh}kop ld{ eowmlm{ zlc{iãxokd{ hm howmp{d{ gãpickd{, kd) id zdp mbmizld lc xmdgoloec% Chmiã{, xci`oïe m{ }e oizdpxcexm oefo`ohdp meroiãxokd kczcr hm c}) imexcp ld{ mgmkxd{ xûvokd{ hml dimzpcrdl y cln}ed{ m{xmpdohm{ {oexïxokd{, kdid ml hcecrdl &gãpickd cexom{xpdnïeokd y cexondechdxpûzokd s}m {m mizlmc me ml xpcxciomexd hm lc mehdimxpod{o{ y hm cln}) ed{ xozd{ hm zcxdldnéc icicpoc `meonec/% `meonec/% Ml ãkohd wclzpûokd m{ }e imhokcimexd imhokcimexd hm cizlod m{zmkxpd xmpczï}xokd òxol me ml xpcxciomexd hm wcpod{ xozd{ hm mzolmz{oc% [oe mi`cpnd, z}mhm ho{ioe}op ho{ioe}op ld{ eowm) lm{ zlc{iãxokd{ hm kompxd{ cexocppéxiokd{, kdid lc imvolmxoec% Ml imxc`dlo{id hml ãkohd wclzpûokd, zdp dxpc zcpxm, z}mhm oekpmimexcp{m zdp lc chioeo{xpckoûe kdeb}exc kde cln}ec{ `merdhocrmzoec{, `merdhocrmzoec{, kdid ml hocrmzci% Lc gmeoxdéec ho{ioe}ym hm gdpic oizdpxcexm ld{ eowmlm{ {ïpokd{ hm dxpd{ cexomzolïzxokd{, kdid ml ãkohd wclzpûokd, lc kcp`cicrmzoec y ml gmed`cp`oxcl% Xci`oïe ho{ioe}ym ld{ mgmkxd{ hm ld{ m{xpûnmed{ zdp oekpmimexd hm {} imxc`dlo{id% Chmiã{, chioeo{xpchc kdeb}excimexm kde gãpickd{ cexoãkohd{, lc gmeoxdéec ho{ioe}ym {}{ mgmkxd{ xmpczï}xokd{ zdp {}zpm{oûe hm lc c`{dpkoûe c eowml oe) xm{xoecl% Ml gmed`cp`oxcl m{ }e zdxmexm oeh}kxdp meroiãxokd, zdp ld s}m z}mhm pmh}kop ld{ mgmkxd{ hm dxpd{ cexomzolïzxokd{, kdid lc gmeoxdéec, ml ãkohd wclzpûokd y lc kcp`cicrmzoec% Cln}ed{ cexocppéxio) kd{, kdid ml wmpczciold, z}mhme oekpmimexcp {} imxc`dlo{id xpc{ chioeo{xpckoûe kdeb}exc kde gm) ed`cp`oxcl% Cexohoc`ïxokd{ dpclm{% Ld{ {clokolcxd{, ml kldgo`pcxd, ld{ OICD, ld{ cexohmzpm{owd{ xpokéklokd{ y cln}ed{ cexokdcn}lcexm{ hok}) icpéeokd{, kdid ml hok}icpdl, z}mhme oekpmimexcp ld{ mgmkxd{ xmpczï}xokd{ hm ld{ cexohoc`ïxokd{ dpclm{, c}imexchd ml pom{nd hm fozdnl}kmioc% M{xm fmkfd xci`oïe z}mhm czcpmkmp xpc{ lc oenm{xoûe hm clkdfdl% Zdp dxpc zcpxm, gãpickd{ kczckm{ hm zpdwdkcp fozmpnl}kmioc, kdid ld{ kdpxokdohm{ y ld{ ho}pïxokd{, z}mhme ho{ioe}op ld{ mgmkxd{ xmpczï}xokd{ hm ld{ cexohoc`ïxokd{ cexohoc`ïxokd{ dpclm{% Cexofozmpxme{owd{% Ld{ gãpickd{ cexofozmpxme{owd{ z}mhme wmp pmh}kohc {} mgokckoc cl {mp chioeo{xpchd{ hm gdpic kde) b}exc kde COEM{, zdp oefo`okoûe hm lc {éexm{o{ hm zpd{xcnlcehoec{, zdxmexm{ wc{dholcxchdpm{% Ld{ ce) xofozmpxme{owd{ chioeo{xpchd{ chioeo{xpchd{ kde kdpxokdohm{ xci`oïe z}mhme ho{ioe}op {}{ mgmkxd{ xmpczï}xokd{ zdp pmxmekoûe fohpd{cloec% Cexoc{iãxokd{% Cln}ed{ cexoc{iãxokd{, kdid lc xmdgoloec, {de gãpickd{ hm m{xpmkfd icpnme xmpczï}xokd% Cl {mp ch) ioeo{xpchc hm gdpic kdeb}exc kde kcp`cicrmzoec, zdxmexm oeh}kxdp meroiãxokd, lc xmdgoloec z}mhm oe) kpmimexcp {} imxc`dlo{id y, zdp ld xcexd, z}mhm ed pm{}lxcp mgmkxowc me ml xpcxciomexd czlokchd%
) ?? )
XXMIC MIC ;;0% g mkxd{ hhm m lld{ d{{ g gãpickd{ ãp ickd{ {{d`pm d`p m mmll {{o{xmic o{xmic eempwod{d% mp wod{d% ;00%% MMgmkxd{ ld Cecxûiokcimexm, ml {o{xmic empwod{d z}mhm howohop{m me hd{ pmnodem{ ho{xoexc{, c {c`mp2 {o{xmic empwod{d kmexpcl &[EK/ y {o{xmic empwod{d zmpogïpokd &[EZ/% Lc `cppmpc fmicxdmekmgãlokc icexomem lc fdimd{xc{o{ hml {o{xmic empwod{d, hmbcehd zc{cp gãkolimexm c lc{ {}{xcekoc{ lozûgolc{ fckoc ml oexmpodp1 ml pm{xd hm {}{xce) koc{ hm`me }xolorcp }e xpce{zdpxm ckxowd% Lc{ em}pdec{, zpoekozclm{ }eohchm{ g}ekodeclm{ hml {o{xmic empwod) {d, {de m{xp}kx}pc{ i}y {me{o`lm{ y gãkolimexm mvkoxc`lm{, zdp ld s}m xomehme c zmphmp lc oexmnpohch hm {}{ imi`pcec{ cexm e}impd{d{ cnmexm{ d mgmkxd{ mvûnmed{% Lc{ em}pdec{ {de kïl}lc{ i}y m{zmkoclorchc{, me lc{ s}m kc`m ho{xoen}op ml k}mpzd kml}lcp d zmpokcpoûe, lc{ hmehpoxc{ &pciogokckodem{/ y lc kdlc kml}lcp d cvûe, s}m xmpioec me ml hmedioechd zom d `dxûe zpm{oeãzxokd% Ml cvûe hm }ec em}pdec m{xã {mzcpchd hm lc s}m lm {on}m zdp lc hmedioechc fmehoh}pc d m{zckod {oeãzxokd, s}m hm`m {mp cxpcwm{chd zdp }ec{ {}{xcekoc{ kd) edkohc{ kdid em}pdxpce{io{dpm{, gdpic s}éiokc hm kdi}eokcp ml oiz}l{d empwod{d me }e zpdkm{d kdedko) hd kdid {oecz{o{% Me pmlckoûe cl {o{xmic empwod{d z}mhme czcpmkmp i}lxox}h hm zcxdldnéc{, c {c`mp2 Em}pdzcxéc{% [de xpc{xdped{ s}m cgmkxce cl k}mpzd kml}lcp d zmpokcpoûe hm }ec em}pdec% Zdp pmnlc nmempcl, {}mlme {mp lm{odem{ oppmwmp{o`lm{, z}m{xd s}m me lc icydpéc hm ld{ kc{d{ {m cgmkxc ml eòklmd em}pdecl &lc{ em}pdec{ {de m{xp}kx}pc{ oppmnmempc`lm{/% Z}mhme czcpmkmp zdp }e hïgokox hm dvénmed c eowml em}pdecl &fozdvoc em}pdecl/, kdid kde{mk}mekoc hm clnòe cnmexm xûvokd d c zcpxop hm cln}ec clxmpckoûe hm xozd e}xpokodecl% Cvdedzcxéc{% [de xpc{xdped{ s}m cgmkxce cl cvûe d kdlc hm }ec em}pdec% Ml cvûe hm }ec em}pdec czcpmkm edp) iclimexm pdhmchd zdp }ec wcoec hm iomloec, gdpichc m{mekoclimexm zdp howmp{c{ kczc{ lozdzpdxmé) kc{ m{xpmkfcimexm {}zmpz}m{xc{ c {}{ imi`pcec{ zlc{iãxokc{% Lc k}`ompxc hm iomloec xomem }ec kdizd{okoûe y }ec{ oexmpp}zkodem{ llcichc{ eûh}ld{ hm Pcewomp, lc{ k}clm{ oehokce ld{ {oxod{ hdehm {m }eme lc{ zdpkodem{ gdpichc{ zdp hogmpmexm{ hmehpoxc{ kdexon}c{% Lc mewdlx}pc hm iomloec cé{lc ml cvûe mexpm ld{ edhd{ y c{é fcy }ec kdeh}kkoûe kc{o oe{xcexãemc hml zdxmekocl hm ckkoûe hm }e edhd cl oeimhocxd% Lc hmnmempckoûe hml cvûe em}pdecl z}mhm cgmkxcp c lc wcoec hm iomloec% Lc iomloec y ld{ cvdem{ {}mlme pmnmempcp{m, {omizpm y k}cehd ml k}mpzd em}pdecl ed {m wmc cgmkxchd% Z}mhme czcpmkmp zdp clnòe xozd hm kdizpm{oûe zpdh}kohc zdp x}idpm{ zpûvoid{, kdid kde{mk}me) koc hm clnòe cnmexm xûvokd d c zcpxop hm kompxc{ oegmkkodem{ &zdp mbmizld, zdloem}poxo{ oegmkkod{c/% Iomloedzcxéc{% [de xpc{xdped{ s}m cgmkxce c lc wcoec hm iomloec s}m pdhmc ml cvûe hm }ec em}pdec% Edpiclimexm, oizohme }ec kdppmkxc xpce{io{oûe hml oiz}l{d empwod{d% C eowml hml [EZ, lc{ iomloedzcxéc{ {}mlme zpdwdkcp zdloem}poxo{ hm{iomloeorcexm{1 hm{iomloeorcexm{1 me ml [EK z}mhm zpdh}kop mekmgcldzcxéc{% mekmgcldzcxéc{% Z}mhme czcpmkmp zdp oegmkkodem{ wopclm{, kdid kde{mk}mekoc hm clnòe cnmexm xûvokd d c zcpxop hm kompxd{ xpc{xdped{ oei}eoxcpod{% oei}eoxcpod{% Iodzcxéc{% [de xpc{xdped{ s}m cgmkxce c ld{ iò{k}ld{ m{s}mlïxokd{ m{s}mlïxokd{ zdp clxmpckoûe hm ld{ empwod{ oempwchdpm{% Z}mhme czcpmkmp, mexpm i}lxox}h hm kc}{c{ s}m ed wcid{ c kdimexcp, kdid kde{mk}mekoc hm clnòe cnmexm xûvokd% Wc{k}ldzcxéc{% [de xpc{xdped{ s}m cgmkxce c ld{ wc{d{ {cen}éemd{ zdp clxmpckoûe hm ld{ empwod{ oempwchdpm{% Z}mhme czcpmkmp, mexpm i}lxox}h hm kc}{c{ s}m ed wcid{ c kdimexcp, kdid kde{mk}mekoc hm clnòe cnmexm xûvokd% Ld{ zpoekozclm{ np}zd{ xmpczï}xokd{ s}m ckxòce emncxowcimexm {d`pm ml {o{xmic empwod{d {de, `ã{okcimexm2 Em}pdlïzxokd{ &cnmexm{ z{okdxpdzd{ kde mgmkxd cexoz{okûxokd/% @merdhocrmzoec{% Cexohmzpm{owd{ xpokéklokd{ y cgoem{% Cexohmzpm{owd{ OICD% Cexomzolïzxokd{% Dkc{odeclimexm, nl}kdkdpxokdohm{ y m{xmpdohm{% Dkc{odeclimexm,
) 3:: )
Pmckkodem{ chwmp{c{ {d`pm ml [EK% C eowml hml [EK z}mhme czcpmkmp czcpmkmp e}impd{c{ pmckkodem{ chwmp{c{, {omehd lc{ iã{ oizdpxcexm{2 Mekmgcldzcxéc{% Lc{ mekmgcldzcxéc{ {de clxmpckodem{ nmempclm{ nmempclm{ hm lc m{xp}kx}pc d g}ekoûe hml [EK% Me lc ckx}clohch, {m kdedkme e}impd{d{ cnmexm{ kczckm{ hm zpdh}kop m{xm xozd hm pmckkoûe chwmp{c% Lc{ {clm{ hm `o{i}xd, }xolorchc{ kdid zpdxmkxdpm{ hm lc i}kd{c nc{xpdoexm{xoecl, nc{xpdoexm{xoecl, z}mhme hcp l}ncp c mgmkxd{ xûvokd{ {d`pm ml [EK% Me }ec zpoimpc gc{m, z}mhme zpdh}kop c{xmeoc, zïphohc hm imidpoc, kmgclmc y lmexox}h imexcl% Zd{xmpodpimexm, {o ed {m {}zpoim ml xpcxciomexd, z}m) hm czcpmkmp hogok}lxch me ml fc`lc, oekddphoeckoûe oekddphoeckoûe idxdpc, m{zc{id{ i}{k}lcpm{ y howmp{c{ clxmpckodem{ û{mc{ y i}{k}lcpm{% Hm gdpic nmempcl, ml }{d hm `o{i}xd kdid zpdxmkxdp nã{) xpokd ed {}mlm {mp ckde{mbc`lm, me g}ekoûe hm {} pmlckoûe `memgokod$pom{nd% Ml CC[ m{ }e COEM kczcr hm z}mhm zpdh}kop ml hmedioechd {éehpdim hm Pmym me eoód{ me lc òlxoic gc{m hm lc lckxcekoc d h}pcexm lc zpoimpc oegcekoc% @ã{okcimexm, m{ }e xpc{xdped fmzcxdkmpm`pcl cn}hd, kde gpmk}mekoc idpxcl, s}m k}p{c kde gom`pm clxc, wûioxd{, hm{dpome) xckoûe, m{x}zdp y m{zc{id{ s}m z}mhme mwdl}kodecp cl kdic% Fcy chmiã{ ckohd{o{, fozmp) nl}kmioc, fozmpecxpmioc, fozmpecxpmioc, mlmwckoûe hm lc{ xpce{cioec{c{ kde fmzcxdimncloc y clxmpckoûe hm lc kdcn}lckoûe% Lc{ {clm{ hm dpd, cexoppm}iãxokd{ m{zmkégokd{, {}mlme zpdh}kop npcwm{ lm{odem{ empwod{c{ zdp ck}i}lckoûe xo{}lcp {d`pm ml 3:- hm ld{ zckomexm{% Z}mhme dponoecp em}pdzcxéc{ c eowml hm ld{ zcpm{ kpcemced{, hm{xp}ymehd lc idpgdldnéc hml k}mpzd em}pdecl% Cln}ec{ zmeokoloec{ z}mhme zpdh}kop m{zc{id{ i}{k}lcpm{ y kdew}l{odem{, chmiã{ hm {diedlmekoc, {diedlmekoc, m{x}zdp m oekl}{d kdic% Kmgclmc{% Lc kmgclmc d hdldp hm kc`mrc m{ }ec pmckkoûe chwmp{c i}y kdiòe s}m z}mhm czcpmkmp kdid kde) {mk}mekoc hm kompxd{ xpcxciomexd{ xmpczï}xokd{% Hm gdpic nmempcl, ld{ cexokdekmzxowd{ dpclm{, ld{ gãpickd{ wc{dholcxchdpm{ y, dkc{odeclimexm, ld{ ceclnï{okd{ dzoãkmd{ {de ld{ zpoekozclm{ cnmexm{ zpdh}kxdpm{ hm kmgclmc me ml {mp f}iced% [diedlmekoc y {mhckoûe% Fdy me héc {m kdedkme e}impd{d{ gãpickd{ kczckm{ hm zpdwdkcp {diedlmekoc &xmehmekoc cl {}m) ód/ y {mhckoûe &oeh}kkoûe gcpickdlûnokc hm }e m{xchd hm ho{ioe}koûe hm lc kde{komekoc {oe s}m {m zpdh}rkc }ec zïphohc hm lc io{ic, z}hoïehd{m hm{zmpxcp cl zckomexm kde }ec llcichc d kde }e lmwm m{xéi}ld hdldpd{d/% Zdp mbmizld, lc{ gmedxocroec{, cexoz{okûxokd{ cxézokd{, z}mhme zpdh}kop m{xd{ mgmkxd{ zdp cexcndeo{id fckoc ld{ pmkmzxdpm{ hm lc hdzcioec% Cln}ed{ cnmexm{ ce{odléxokd{, kdid lc{ `merdhocrmzoec{, y dxpd{ gãpickd{ em}pdlïzxokd{ xci`oïe z}mhme zpdwdkcp {diedlmekoc y {mhc) koûe% M{xd io{id dk}ppm kde gãpickd{ cexofo{xciéeokd{ hm xozd F 3 y F0, cexox}{énmed{, cln}ed{ iod) ppmlcbcexm{ hm ckkoûe kmexpcl, kdid ml imxdkcp`cidl, cln}ed{ COEM{, kdid lc gmeol`}xcrdec y lc oe) hdimxckoec, y, dkc{odeclimexm, cexohmzpm{owd{ xpokéklokd{% Fcy dkc{odem{ me s}m lc chioeo{xpckoûe hm cem{xï{okd{ ldkclm{ xci`oïe z}mhm zpdwdkcp {diedlmekoc y {mhckoûe, {d`pm xdhd k}cehd {m zpd) h}km }ec c`{dpkoûe pãzohc me lc rdec hm oeymkkoûe% Pmckkodem{ mvxpczopciohclm{% Lc{ pmckkodem{ mvxpczopciohclm{ mvxpczopciohclm{ d xpc{xdped{ idxdpm{ iã{ kdi}em{ me ml {mp f}iced, kdid lc ho{) xdeéc hm xdp{oûe imhokcimexd{c &idwoiomexd oewdl}excpod dponoechd zdp kdexpckkodem{ y m{zc{id{ i}{k}lcpm{ ceûicld{/ y ml zcpaoe{deo{id imhokcimexd{d &zm{chmr hm `pcrd{ y zompec{, hogok}lxch zcpc kcioecp, {ck}hohc{ hm ld{ iò{k}ld{ hm lc kc`mrc, lc kcpc y ml k}mlld, xmi`ldp goed hm lc{ iced{ y hm ld{ hmhd{/, z}mhme {mp zpdh}kohc{ zdp gãpickd{ em}pdlïzxokd{% em}pdlïzxokd{% Cln}ed{ cexofo{xciéeokd{, kdid lc koecporoec y lc gl}ecporoec, xci`oïe z}mhme zpdwdkcp zcpaoe{deo{id1 zdp {} zcpxm, lc{ dpxdzpciohc{ y ld{ cnmexm{ cexozcpaoe{deoced{ z}mhme zpdh}kop ho{xdeéc{ hm xdp{oûe% Dxpd{ gãpickd{, kdid lc lm) wdhdzc, ml dvcrmzci y cln}ed{ em}pdlïzxokd{, {de kczckm{ hm zpdwdkcp ckcxo{oc &emkm{ohch oizm) pod{c y idlm{xc hm idwmp kde{xcexmimexm lc{ mvxpmiohchm{ {}zmpodpm{ d oegmpodpm{/% Ml hmedioechd {éehpdim em}pdlïzxokd icloned &[EI/ m{ }ec mexohch zdkd fc`ox}cl y zdxmekoclimexm lmxcl s}m zpd) wdkc fozmpxmpioc oeh}kohc zdp em}pdlïzxokd{% em}pdlïzxokd{% Clxmpckodem{ z{és}okc{% I}kfd{ kdiz}m{xd{ z}mhme zpdwdkcp clxmpckodem{ z{és}okc{, edpiclimexm zpdh}kohc{ kdid kde) {mk}mekoc hm kdizlmbd{ k}chpd{ hm oe{dieod, cnoxckoûe y hmzpm{oûe% M{xd{ xpc{xdped{ z}mhme k}p) {cp kde cl}koeckodem{, cl}koeckodem{, z{okdzcxéc{ iceéckd)hmzpm{owc{, kci`od{ hm f}idp, ce{omhch, mxk% Cln}ed{ gãpickd{ kczckm{ hm clxmpcp ml kdizdpxciomexd f}iced {de, g}ehcimexclimexm2 ld{ cexozcpaoe{d) eoced{, lc{ gmedxocroec{, cln}ed{ cexofo{xciéeokd{ hm xozd F 0 &zdp mbmizld, ml dimdzpcrdl/, lc{ `me) rdhocrmzoec{, rdhocrmzoec{, ld{ nl}kdkdpxokdohm{, nl}kdkdpxokdohm{, ld{ cedpmvénmed{, cedpmvénmed{, ld{ kcphodwc{k}lcpm{, kcphodwc{k}lcpm{, cln}ed{ cexo`oûxokd{ &zdp mbmizld, lc kokld{mpoec/ y lc xmdgoloec%
) 3:3 )
Xdlmpcekoc y hmzmehmekoc% Cln}ed{ gãpickd{, kdid lc{ `merdhocrmzoec{, ld{ ceclnï{okd{ dzoãkmd{ y ld{ cedpmvénmed{, z}mhme zpdwdkcp xdlmpcekoc &kczckohch hml {o{xmic oei}em zcpc pmkdedkmp }e hmxmpioechd cnmexm {oe s}m {m hm{mekchmem }ec pm{z}m{xc oei}edlûnokc/ y hmzmehmekoc &emkm{ohch oizmpod{c hm chioeo{xpc) koûe hm }e hmxmpioechc }ec {}{xcekoc, kcpckxmporchc zdp lc kdiz}l{oûe c xdicplc hm icempc kdexo) e}c d zmpoûhokc zcpc mvzmpoimexcp {}{ mgmkxd{ z{és}okd{ y, cln}ec{ wmkm{, zcpc mwoxcp ml iclm{xcp zpdh}kohd zdp ml m{xchd hm c`{xoemekoc/ xpc{ }ec chioeo{xpckoûe zpdldenchc% Lc{ `merdhocrmzoec{ z}mhme, chmiã{, zpdh}kop ml hmedioechd {éehpdim hm c`{xoemekoc, pmkdedkohd kdid cs}ml kdeb}exd hm idlm{xoc{, xcexd gé{okc{ y kdid z{és}okc{, s}m czcpmkme me ld{ {}bmxd{ fc`ox}chd{ cl kde{}id hm }ec hmxmpioechc hpdnc, k}cehd {m oexmpp}izm {} chioeo{xpckoûe d {m oegl}ym me {} ckkoûe, imhocexm lc czlokckoûe hm }e cexcndeo{xc m{zmkégokd% Mvkoxckoûe% Me lc ckx}clohch {m {c`m s}m cln}ed{ gãpickd{, kdid lc cxpdzoec c hd{o{ mlmwchc{ y lc m{kdzdlcio) ec, {de kczckm{ hm zpdh}kop mvkoxckoûe &m{xchd hm fozmpckxowohch/ me ml dpnceo{id f}iced% f}iced% Xmi`ldpm{% Ml xmi`ldp m{ }e idwoiomexd oewdl}excpod cedpicl, cedpicl, s}m {m kcpckxmporc zdp d{kolckodem{ péxiokc{, pmc) lorchc{ zdp }ec zcpxm hml k}mpzd d zdp xdhd ïl, clpmhmhdp hm {} mbm hm ms}olo`pod% Fdy me héc {m {c`m s}m cln}ed{ gãpickd{ cexoz{okûxokd{, kdid lc{ gmedxocroec{, lc{ dpxdzpciohc{, ml fcldzmpohdl, chm) iã{ hm cln}ed{ iodppmlcbcexm{ hm ckkoûe kmexpcl y ld{ m{xoi}lcexm{ ΰ)chpmeïpnokd{, z}mhme zpdwd) kcp xmi`ldpm{ m{xãxokd{ &xmi`ldp s}m czcpmkm h}pcexm ml pmzd{d i}{k}lcp y hm{czcpmkm cl oeokocp }e idwoiomexd/% Lc{ cegmxcioec{, zdp dxpc zcpxm, z}mhme zpdwdkcp xmi`ldpm{ zd{x}pclm{ &xmi`ldp s}m zcpmkm h}pcexm lc xdic hm }ec zd{x}pc, ckxox}h d lc kdexpckkoûe xûeokc y wdl}excpoc hm }ec mvxpmio) hch/% Lc{ fohcexdéec{ y ld{ `cp`oxòpokd{ z}mhme zpdh}kop xmi`ldp oexmekodecl &xmi`ldp s}m czcpmkm h}pcexm lc pmclorckoûe hm idwoiomexd{ wdl}excpod{/% Icpmd{ y wïpxond% Cln}ed{ gãpickd{, kdid ld{ cexofo{xciéeokd{ hm xozd F 0, lc{ xocrohc{, ml cldz}poedl, lc kldeohoec y ml eczpdvmed, {de kczckm{ hm zpdwdkcp icpmd{ &k}chpd kcpckxmporchd zdp lc czcpokoûe hm eã}{mc{ y wûioxd{, edpiclimexm zpdh}kohd{ zdp lc ckmlmpckoûe y hm{ckmlmpckoûe loemcl y cen}lcp hm }ec icem) pc pmzmxohc/ y wïpxond &ol}{oûe hm idwoiomexd, me nmempcl pdxcxdpod hml zpdzod {}bmxd {d`pm {é io{id d hm d`bmxd{ clpmhmhdp hml {}bmxd/% [éehpdim {mpdxdeéeokd &[[/% Ld{ OICD y cln}ed{ cexohmzpm{owd{ oefo`ohdpm{ {mlmkxowd{ hm lc pmkczxckoûe hm {mpdxdeoec &cexohm) zpm{owd{ O[P[/ z}mhme dponoecp ml hmedioechd {éehpdim {mpdxdeéeokd &[[/, kczcr hm zpdwdkcp npc) wm{ xpc{xdped{ em}pdlûnokd{ kdid kde{mk}mekoc hm lc ck}i}lckoûe hm {mpdxdeoec c eowml kmpm`pcl% Me ld{ kc{d{ lmwm{ y idhmpchd{ m{xm xpc{xdped k}p{c kde xmi`ldpm{, kdeg}{oûe, oekddphoeckoûe id) xdpc, iohpoc{o{ &holcxckoûe hm lc z}zolc/, oes}omx}h, cnoxckoûe, fozmppmglmvoc, zoml pdbc y hocgdpm{o{% Me ld{ kc{d{ iã{ npcwm{ z}mhm czcpmkmp czcpmkmp hmlopod, ponohmr i}{k}lcp m oekl}{d i}mpxm%
Pmckkodem{ chwmp{c{ {d`pm ml [EZ% Lc zpoekozcl pmckkoûe edkowc imhokcimexd{c {d`pm ml [EZ m{ lc em}pdzcxéc zmpogïpokc, {omehd cln}ed{ hm {}{ cnmexm{ zpdh}kxdpm{, g}ehcimexclimexm2 g}ehcimexclimexm2 lc eoxpdg}pcexdéec, lc o{deocrohc, lc woekpo{xoec y lc kdlkfokoec% Lc em}pdzcxéc zmpogïpokc &em}poxo{ zmpogïpokc/ m{ }ec oe{}gokomekoc hm ld{ empwod{ s}m llmwce lc oegdpickoûe fc{xc y hm{hm ml kmpm`pd y lc iïh}lc m{zoecl, ld k}cl zpdh}km {éexdic{ kcpckxmpé{xokd{ kdid hdldp, zïphohc hm lc {me{o`olohch m oekczckohch zcpc kdexpdlcp ld{ iò{k}ld{% M{ }e xpc{xdped `c{xcexm kdiòe y {} oekohmekoc wc) péc hm ck}mphd kde ml xozd m{zmkégokd hm megmpimhch% Cln}ed{ cexo`oûxokd{ cioednl}kû{ohd{ z}mhme zpdwdkcp }e `lds}md em}pdi}{k}lcp s}m oizohm lc xpce{io{oûe hml oiz}l{d empwod{d c lc i}{k}lcx}pc oewdl}excpoc% Ml kldpcegmeokdl, zdp dxpc zcpxm, chioeo{xpchd zdp wéc xûzokc z}mhm zpdh}kop zïphohc hm lc c}hokoûe1 chioeo{xpchd zdp wéc {o{xïiokc z}mhm zpdwdkcp em}pdzcxéc zmpogïpokc y em}poxo{ ûzxokc% Lc wcekdiokoec, me xpcxciomexd{ zpdldenchd{, zpdh}km em}pdxdvokohch kde lm{oûe hm ld{ empwod{ ckò{xokd{, oeh}komehd }ec zïphohc hm c}ho) koûe% Lc{ zdloiovoec{ {de cexo`oûxokd{ zdkd fc`ox}clm{ kczckm{ hm zpdwdkcp em}pdxdvokohch y zcpm{xm{oc{ c eowml hm lc `dkc y lc{ mvxpmiohchm{, chmiã{ chmiã{ hm wïpxond y icpmd{%
) 3:0 )
XXMIC MIC ;;;% g mkxd{ hhm m lld{ d{ g gãpickd{ ãp ickd{ {{d`pm d`p m mmll cczcpcxd zcp cxd p pm{zop m{zopc xxdpod% dp od% p ccxdpod% ;;;%% MMgmkxd{ Me lc ckx}clohch {m kdedkme e}impd{d{ gãpickd{ kczckm{ hm zpdh}kop pmckkodem{ chwmp{c{ {d`pm ml czcpc) xd pm{zopcxdpod, c}es}m ld{ imkceo{id{ zdp lc{ k}clm{ czcpmkme {de zpãkxokcimexm hm{kdedkohd{% Me lc icydpéc hm ld{ kc{d{, pm{}lxc hogékol m{xc`lmkmp {o }e xpc{xdped c eowml pm{zopcxdpod czcpmkm zdp clnòe mgmkxd chwmp{d imhokcimexd{d d `ome kdid kde{mk}mekoc hm cln}ec zcxdldnéc pmlckodechc kde lc rdec% Lc{ pmckkodem{ chwmp{c{ hml {o{xmic pm{zopcxdpod z}mhme czcpmkmp c ho{xoexd{ eowmlm{, c {c`mp2 [d`pm lc{ cpxmpoc{ z}lidecpm{ z}mhm czcpmkmp xpdi`dmi`dlo{id z}lidecp &d`{xp}kkoûe zcpkocl d kdizlmxc hml gl}bd cpxmpocl z}lidecp, hm lc zcpxm ho{xcl z}lidecp, zdp }e xpdi`d dponoechd, nmempcl) imexm, me lc{ mvxpmiohchm{ oegmpodpm{/ kdid kde{mk}mekoc hm lc chioeo{xpckoûe hm cexokdekmzxowd{ dpclm{ d cnmexm{ koxdxûvokd{, fozmpxme{oûe z}lidecp &c}imexd icexmeohd hm lc{ kogpc{ hm lc zpm{oûe cpxmpocl zdp mekoic hm {}{ wcldpm{ edpiclm{ c eowml z}lidecp/ zdp lc oenm{xc hm gãpickd{ cedpmvé) nmed{ &imhokcimexd{ {}zpm{dpm{ hml czmxoxd, kdid zdp mbmizld lc{ cegmxcioec{/, y wc{k}loxo{ z}l) idecp &oeglcickoûe hm ld{ wc{d{ {cen}éemd{ z}lidecpm{/ zdp xpcxciomexd kde {clm{ hm dpd, gmeoxdé) ec, zmeokoloec{ d {}lgciohc{ cexo`ckxmpocec{% cexo`ckxmpocec{% [d`pm ld{ kczolcpm{ z}lidecpm{ z}mhm czcpmkmp mhmic z}lidecp zdp c}imexd hm lc zmpimc`olohch clwmdlcp, fmkfd s}m oizlokc }ec ho{ioe}koûe hml dvénmed c eowml {cen}éemd, kdid kde{mk}mekoc hm lc chioeo{xpckoûe hm kompxd{ gãpickd{ fozedceclnï{okd{, kdid lc kdhméec, lc imxchdec d lc ecldvd) ec% Ml mhmic z}lidecp m{ }e ckòi}ld cn}hd d kpûeokd hm lés}ohd mvxpcwc{k}lcp me ml oexmp{xokod z}lidecp &mhmic oexmp{xokocl/ d me {} m{zckod cïpmd &mhmic oexpcclwmdlcp/, kdid kde{mk}mekoc hm kci`od{ me lc zpm{oûe fohpd{xãxokc, me lc zpm{oûe d{iûxokc d me lc zmpimc`olohch hm ld{ kczolcpm{ z}lidecpm{% ]ec hm {}{ kc}{c{ iã{ gpmk}mexm{ m{ ml c}imexd hm lc zpm{oûe kczolcp z}lidecp, {m) k}ehcpoc c lc oe{}gokomekoc kcphockc ors}omphc, hm lc s}m m{ }ec hm {}{ zpoekozclm{ kcpckxmpé{xokc{% [} {éexdic iã{ oizdpxcexm m{ lc ho{emc, c}es}m {} gdpic hm oe{xc}pckoûe `p}{kc &mhmic cn}hd hm z}liûe/ k}p{c kde }ec hpciãxokc oe{}gokomekoc pm{zopcxdpoc cn}hc, s}m kde{xox}ym }ec }pnmekoc iï) hokc% Xci`oïe {}mlm czcpmkmp koced{o{ &kdldpckoûe cr}lchc hm lc zoml y lc{ i}kd{c{/, d`e}`olckoûe &kdeg}{oûe/, gom`pm y, dkc{odeclimexm, dkc{odeclimexm, lm}kdkoxd{o{% [d`pm lc{ wmec{ z}lidecpm{ z}mhme czcpmkmp xpc{xdped{ dkl}{owd{ zdp xpcxciomexd zpdldenchd kde gãpickd{ cexoemdzlã{okd{% cexoemdzlã{okd{% [d`pm ld{ `pdes}od{ y lc{ wéc{ cïpmc{ `cbc{ z}mhm czcpmkmp `pdekdkde{xpokkoûe &pmh}kkoûe hml hoã) imxpd `pdes}ocl zdp kde{xpokkoûe hm lc i}{k}lcx}pc lo{c hm {} zcpmh, yc {mc zdp c}imexd hml xded i}{k}lcp z}lidecp d `ome zdp m{xoi}lckoûe hml pmglmbd wcncl/% Cln}ed{ gãpickd{ oizlokchd{ kde lc czcpokoûe hm `pdekdkde{xpokkoûe {de lc{ zmeokoloec{ y lc{ kmgcld{zdpoec{, cln}ed{ COEM{ kdid ml CC[, y ld{ cnmexm{ m{xoi}lchdpm{ hml pmglmbd hm lc `pdekdkde{xpokkoûe, kdid lc ckmxolko{xméec chio) eo{xpchc c mlmwchc{ hd{o{% Ld{ gãpickd{ cexokdloem{xmpã{okd{ y ld{ OMKC{ z}mhme zpdh}kop xd{ {mkc ckdizcóchc ckdizcóchc hm k}chpd{ c{iãxokd{% Zdp dxpc zcpxm, cnmexm{ kdloeïpnokd{ kdid lc zoldkcpzoec, zoldkcpzoec, chpm) eïpnokd{ kdid ml {climxmpdl, y ΰ)`lds}mcexm{ kdid ml xoidldl &gãpickd cexonlc}kdicxd{d/ xci`oïe {de kczckm{ hm zpdwdkcp `pdekdkde{xpokkoûe% [m fc wo{xd s}m ld{ zckomexm{ c{iãxokd{, clïpnokd{ d cs}mlld{ s}m zpm{mexce zûlozd{ ec{clm{ &zpdlogmpckoûe i}lxogdkcl `meonec hm lc i}kd{c ec{cl hm ec) x}pclmrc clïpnokc, oeglcicxdpoc, wc{didxdpc d x}idpcl/ {}mlme {mp i}y {}{kmzxo`lm{ c lc czcpokoûe hm `pdekdkde{xpokkoûe `pdekdkde{xpokkoûe zdp chioeo{xpckoûe hm CC[% Xpc{ xpcxciomexd zpdldenchd zpdldenchd kde cmpd{dlm{ hm kdpxo) Kcehohc cl`okce{ &fdend zcxûnmed/ c kdohm{ cexoc{iãxokd{ z}mhme czcpmkmp {d`pmoegmkkodem{ zdp eowml hm lc gcpoenm y lc lcpoenm% Zdp dxpc zcpxm, cln}ed{ gãpickd{, kdid lc cxpdzoec y ld{ cexohmzpm{o) wd{ xpokéklokd{, {de kczckm{ hm idhogokcp lc{ kcpckxmpé{xokc{ hm ld{ m{z}xd{ &icxmpocl mvz}l{chd im) hocexm lc xd{, s}m zpdkmhm hm ld{ z}lidem{ y kdexomem idkd, pm{xd{ kml}lcpm{ d iokpddpnceo{id{ y, me dkc{odem{, {cenpm d z}{/, zpdh}komehd hogok}lxch me lc mvzmkxdpckoûe% Lc fmidzxo{o{, xpc{xdped kcpckxmporchd zdp lc mvz}l{oûe hm {cenpm zpdkmhmexm hml ãp`dl pm{zopcxdpod c xpcwï{ hm ld{ m{z}xd{, {}mlm {mp }e {oned mwohmexm hm zcxdldnéc pm{zopcxdpoc npcwm% Me cln}ed{ kc{d{, z}mhm czcpmkmp zdp lc chioeo{xpckoûe hm gãpickd{ koxdxûvokd{ y cexokdcn}lcexm{ cexokdcn}lcexm{ dpclm{% [d`pm ml zcpïes}oic z}lidecp z}mhm czcpmkmp em}ideéc &oeglcickoûe cn}hc hml zcpïes}oic z}l) idecp me lc s}m ld{ clwmdld{ y `pdes}odld{ {m xczdece zdp ml ckòi}ld hm }e mv}hchd go`poed{d/ kd) id kde{mk}mekoc hm lc chioeo{xpckoûe hm kompxd{ gãpickd{ kczckm{ hm idhogokcp ld{ pmglmbd{ lcpée) nmd{ d gcpéenmd{, kdid ld{ dzoãkmd{ y ld{ cem{xï{okd{ ldkclm{, oegmkkoûe z}lidecp zdp nïpimem{ dzdpx}eo{xc{ xpc{ xpcxciomexd kde gãpickd{ oei}ed{}zpm{dpm{ &{m ho{ioe}yme lc{ hmgme{c{ hml dp) nceo{id/, kdid ld{ kdpxokdohm{, y go`pd{o{ z}lidecp &zpdlogmpckoûe hml xmbohd kdemkxowd go`pd{d hm ld{ z}lidem{ kde pmmizlcrd hm lc i}{k}lcx}pc lo{c ldkcl/ zdp lc chioeo{xpckoûe hm gãpickd{ cexokcekm) pd{d{ kdid lc `lmdiokoec &cexo`oûxokd cexoemdzlã{okd zpdh}kohd zdp ml fdend [xpmzxdiykm{ wmpxoko) lld{/, cln}ed{ cexocppéxiokd{ kdid lc ciodhcpdec, ciodhcpdec, y kompxd{ cnmexm{ ΰ)`lds}mcexm{ kdid ml zpckxdldl%
) 3:; )
[d`pm lc zlm}pc &imi`pcec hm hd{ fdbc{ s}m mew}mlwm ld{ z}lidem{ me ml oexmpodp hm lc kcwohch xd) pãkokc/ z}mhm czcpmkmp fmidxûpcv &ck}i}lckoûe hm lés}ohd y {cenpm me lc kcwohch zlm}pcl/ zdp lc chioeo{xpckoûe hm cexokdcn}lcexm{ dpclm{ k}cehd mvo{xm kdeb}excimexm gpckx}pc kd{xollcp% Cln}ed{ zckomexm{ kde imxã{xc{o{ z}lidecpm{ xpcxchd{ kde cnmexm{ s}oiodxmpãzokd{ xci`oïe z}mhme {}gpop xpc{xdped{ fmidxdpãkokd{ pmlckodechd{ kde lc zlm}pc% [d`pm ld{ iò{k}ld{ pm{zopcxdpod{ z}mhm czcpmkmp hmzpm{oûe pm{zopcxdpoc zdp chioeo{xpckoûe hm lmwd) hdzc, {mhcexm{ y cem{xï{okd{ ldkclm{ czlokchd{ me kc{d{ hm cem{xm{oc m{zoecl, m fozmpwmexolckoûe zdp {d`pmhd{ogokckoûe hm {clokolcxd{%
XXMIC MIC ;;8% 8% MMgmkxd{ g mkxd{ hhm m lld{ d{ g gãpickd{ ãp ickd{ {{d` d``p pm m mmll cczcpcxd zcp cxd kkcphodwc{k}lcp% cp hodwc{k}lcp % {d C eowml kcphodwc{k}lcp, lc{ pmckkodem{ chwmp{c{ hm`ohc{ c imhokcimexd{ {}mlme {mp i}y zpmhmko`lm{, {ome) hd lc{ iã{ fc`ox}clm{ lc{ cppoxioc{ kcphockc{ y lc{ clxmpckodem{ hm lc zpm{oûe cpxmpocl% Me lc icydpéc hm ld{ kc{d{, ld{ mgmkxd{ kcphodxûvokd{ me ml dpnceo{id czcpmkme kdid kde{mk}mekoc hm lc chioeo{xpckoûe hm gãp) ickd{ }xolorchd{ me ml xpcxciomexd hm zcxdldnéc{ kcphéckc{, zpdzocimexm hokfc{1 cln}ed{ gãpickd{ ed kcp) hodwc{k}lcpm{, kdid ld{ em}pdlïzxokd{ y ld{ `pdekdholcxchdpm{, xci`oïe z}mhme zpdh}kop pmckkodem{ chwmp) {c{ {d`pm ml {o{xmic kcphéckd, c}es}m m{xm fmkfd m{ i}kfd imed{ gpmk}mexm% Ld{ zpoekozclm{ gãpickd{ kczckm{ hm zpdwdkcp mgmkxd{ chwmp{d{ c eowml kcphéckd {de, g}ehcimexclimexm2 g}ehcimexclimexm2 Fmxmpû{ohd{ kcphodxûeokd{% Lc hondvoec y cln}ed{ hmpowchd{ z}mhme zpdwdkcp cppoxioc{ kcphéckc{ zdp c}imexd d ho{ioe}koûe hm lc mvkoxc`olohch kcphockc &`pchokcphoc {oe}{cl, `lds}md c}pék}ld)wmexpok}lcp, xcs}okcphoc wmexpok}lcp d, oekl}{d, go`polckoûe wmexpok}lcp/% Lc oexdvokckoûe kde honoxãlokd{, gpmk}mexm me cekoced{ s}m ed k}i) zlme kdppmkxcimexm ml xpcxciomexd, {}mlm xpcxcp{m imhocexm chioeo{xpckoûe chioeo{xpckoûe hm kcp`ded ckxowd c{dkoc) hd c clnòe cnmexm kcxãpxokd &z}pncexm g}mpxm/, kdid zdp mbmizld {}lgcxd hm {dhod% Cndeo{xc{ ΰ)chpmeïpnokd{% Lc chpmecloec, lc edpchpmecloec y lc o{dzpmecloec, me cln}ed{ kc{d{, z}mhme zpdh}kop emkpd{o{ mehd) kãphokc zdp {d`pmhd{ogokckoûe% {d`pmhd{ogokckoûe% Cexcndeo{xc{ ΰ)chpmeïpnokd{% Ml {dxcldl z}mhm zpdwdkcp oe{}gokomekoc kcphockc y `pchokcphoc &ho{ioe}koûe hm lc gpmk}mekoc kcphockc zdp hm`cbd hm 7: lcxohd{ zdp ioe}xd/% Ml zpdzcedldl z}mhm zpdh}kop, chmiã{, o{s}mioc iodkãphokc &gclxc c`{dl}xc d hïgokox hm zmpg}{oûe fé{xokc kdid kde{mk}mekoc hm }ec ho{ioe}koûe d c}{mekoc hml czdpxm hm {cenpm dvonmechc cpxmpocl/% Cexohmzpm{owd{ xpokéklokd{% Lc oiozpcioec y lc cioxpozxoloec z}mhme zpdh}kop zpdh}kop cppoxioc{ kcphéckc{% Em}pdlïzxokd{, gmedxocroec{ y `}xopdgmedec{% Hm gdpic nmempcl, z}mhme zpdh}kop xcs}ocppoxioc{ &oekpmimexd hm lc gpmk}mekoc kcphockc zdp mekoic hm 3:: lcxohd{ zdp ioe}xd ckdizcóchd hm }e poxid kcphéckd oppmn}lcp/% Cnmexm{ z{okdckxowd{% Lc{ cegmxcioec{ y lc kdkcéec z}mhme zpdh}kop kpo{o{ kcphéckc{ zdp {d`pmhd{ogokckoûe% {d`pmhd{ogokckoûe% Cexpckokloec{% Cln}ed{ cexo`oûxokd{ koxd{xãxokd{, kdid lc hc}edp}`okoec, lc mzop}`okoec, lc ioxdvcexpdec y lc ci{c) kpoec {de zdxmexm{ kcphodxûvokd{ kczckm{ hm zpdh}kop cppoxioc{ y clxmpckodem{ kcphéckc{ zdp ck}i}) lckoûe hm pchokclm{ lo`pm{ c lcpnd zlcrd% C eowml wc{k}lcp, ld{ mgmkxd{ chwmp{d{ iã{ fc`ox}clm{ {}mlme {mp clxmpckodem{ clxmpckodem{ hm lc zpm{oûe cpxmpocl, c {c`mp2 Fozmpxme{oûe% Cln}ed{ gãpickd{, kdid ld{ cexokdekmzxowd{ dpclm{, kompxd{ cnmexm{ {oizcxokdioiïxokd{ kdid lc chpmecloec, lc hdzcioec y lc gmeolmgpoec, kompxd{ cnmexm{ oei}ed{}zpm{dpm{ kdid lc{ kokld{zdpoec{, chmiã{ hm dxpd{ kdiz}m{xd{ kdid lc mpoxpdzdymxoec y ml amxdkdecrdl {de kczckm{ hm c}imexcp lc zpm{oûe cpxmpocl zdp mekoic hm {}{ eowmlm{ edpiclm{% Hm on}cl gdpic, lc{ fdpidec{ m{xmpdéhokc{ z}mhme zpdh}kop fozmpxme{oûe fozmpxme{oûe cpxmpocl zdp gcwdpmkmp lc pmxmekoûe hm {dhod y cn}c me ml dpnceo{id% Me kompxc{ gc{m{ hml xpcxciomexd, lc chioeo{xpckoûe hm gãpickd{ cexofozmpxme{owd{ z}mhm oeh}kop fozmp) xme{oûe hm pm`dxm% Fozdxme{oûe% Cln}ed{ gãpickd{, kdid ld{ eoxpcxd{ cexocenoed{d{ y dxpd{ cnmexm{ wc{dholcxchdpm{, chmiã{ hm lc wcekdiokoec, ld{ {mhcexm{ y ld{ xpces}olorcexm{ oeymkxc`lm{, ld{ cexohmzpm{owd{ y ld{ cexofozmpxme{o) wd{ {de kczckm{ hm ho{ioe}op lc zpm{oûe cpxmpocl zdp hm`cbd hm {}{ eowmlm{ edpiclm{%
) 3:8 )
XXMIC MIC ;;=% g mkxd{ hhm m lld{ d{ g gãpickd{ ãp ickd{ {{d`pm d`p m mmll cczcpcxd zcp cxd hhon onm {xowd% nmm{xowd% ;==%% MMgmkxd{ Hm gdpic nmempcl, lc icydpéc hm gãpickd{ chioeo{xpchd{ zdp wéc dpcl {de kczckm{ hm zpdwdkcp pmckkodem{ chwmp{c{ {d`pm ml {o{xmic honm{xowd, {omehd lc{ iã{ fc`ox}clm{2 Ec}{mc{ y wûioxd{% Ml wûioxd, fc`ox}climexm kdedkohd kdid mim{o{, m{ lc mvz}l{oûe hml kdexmeohd nã{xpokd c xpcwï{ hm lc `dkc% [}mlm czcpmkmp zdp m{xoi}lckoûe hopmkxc hml kmexpd empwod{d miïxokd s}m {m fcllc ldkclorchd me lc gdpickoûe pmxok}lcp hml `}l`d pcs}éhmd, zpûvoic cl eòklmd hml xpckxd {dloxcpod y hml eòklmd hml wcnd% Ld{ m{xéi}ld{ s}m hm{mekchmece ml wûioxd {de pmkdnohd{ zdp ml wcnd, fckme {oecz{o{ me ml eòklmd hml xpckxd {dloxcpod y hm cfé zc{ce cl kmexpd hml wûioxd, hdehm {m oexmnpc lc pm{z}m{xc wûiokc% Me cln}ed{ kc{d{, ml wûioxd z}mhm czcpmkmp zdp oppoxckoûe hm lc i}kd{c nã{xpokc d `ome zdp clnòe xo) zd hm clxmpckoûe c eowml wm{xo`}lcp% Lc{ ec}{mc{, zdp dxpc zcpxm, {}mlme hmgoeop{m kdid lc {me{ckoûe hm wûioxd zpdwdkchc zdp }e hmxmpioechd m{xchd go{odlûnokd d zcxdlûnokd, d `ome zdp kdexckxd hopmkxd kde clnòe xozd hm cnmexm mvxmped% Me dkc{odem{ {de kde{mk}mekoc hm cln}ec{ clxmpckodem{ z{okdlû) nokc{, kdid ld{ empwod{ d ml m{xpï{% Lc{ ec}{mc{ y ld{ wûioxd{ {de pmckkodem{ chwmp{c{ i}y kdi}) em{ s}m czcpmkme xpc{ lc chioeo{xpckoûe hm i}lxox}h hm gãpickd{, kdid zdp mbmizld ld{ cnmexm{ ko) xdxûvokd{, lc xmdgoloec y ld{ honoxãlokd{, ld{ m{xpûnmed{, lc xckpoec, lc lmwdhdzc, lc `pdidkpozxoec y lc czdidpgoec% M{xd{ gãpickd{ {}mlme ckx}cp m{xoi}lcehd ml kmexpd empwod{d hml wûioxd% Cln}ed{ cnme) xm{, kdid ld{ {clokolcxd{, lc{ xmxpckokloec{, ml {}lgcxd gmppd{d y ml kldp}pd zdxã{okd z}mhme oeh}kop ml wûioxd zdp oppoxckoûe hm lc i}kd{c nã{xpokc% Ld{ cioednl}kû{ohd{, zdp dxpc zcpxm, z}mhme zpdh}kop xdvo) kohch wm{xo`}lcp, zpdwdkcehd zïphohc{ hm ms}olo`pod kczckm{ hm oeh}kop lc zpdh}kkoûe hm ec}{mc{ y wû) ioxd{% Lc czcpokoûe hm wûioxd{ me hmxmpioechd{ zckomexm{ {}mlm xpcxcp{m kde hdizmpohdec% Hocppmc% [m hmedioec hocppmc c }e c}imexd me lc gpmk}mekoc hm lc{ hmzd{okodem{ &iã{ hm xpm{ cl héc/ ckdizcóchc hm }ec ho{ioe}koûe hm lc kde{o{xmekoc hm ï{xc{% Ld{ lcvcexm{, c mlmwchc{ hd{o{, z}mhme zpdwdkcp g}mpxm{ hocppmc{ zdp hm{ms}olo`pod féhpokd% Kompxd{ gãpickd{ cexoãkohd{, kdid lc{ {clm{ hm icnem{od, z}mhme zpdh}kop hocppmc{ zdp clxmpckoûe hm lc c`{dpkoûe nc{xpdoexm{xoecl% Ld{ kdpxokdohm{ {}mlme ho{ioe}op lc{ hmgme{c{ hml dpnceo{id, zdp ld s}m {} chioeo{xpckoûe z}mhm oeh}kop lc czcpokoûe hm {d`pmoegmkkodem{ `ckxmpocec{ nc{xpdoexm{xoeclm{, kczckm{ hm zpdwdkcp k}chpd{ hocppmokd{% M{xpmóoiomexd% Ml xïpioed m{xpmóoiomexd iã{ s}m }ec megmpimhch me {é fckm pmgmpmekoc c lc czpmkockoûe hm kchc oehowoh}d {d`pm {} fã`oxd oexm{xoecl% Hchd ml cizlod icpnme hm fã`oxd{ oexm{xoeclm{ edpiclm{, pm{}lxc i}y hogékol hmgoeop ml m{xpmóoiomexd kde mvckxox}h% Me lc zpãkxokc {m }xolorc kdid kpoxmpod iã{ d`bmxowd lc gpmk}mekoc hm lc hmgmkckoûe, kde{ohmpãehd{m m{xpmóohd cl oehowoh}d s}m pmclorc imed{ hm xpm{ hm) zd{okodem{ {miceclm{% [oe mi`cpnd, m{xm kpoxmpod ed m{ {}gokomexm zdp {é io{id, yc s}m i}kfd{ zc) komexm{ kde m{xpmóoiomexd pmgompme }ec gpmk}mekoc edpicl zmpd kde dxpc{ idlm{xoc{ {}`bmxowc{, kdid }e m{g}mprd mvkm{owd, fmkm{ i}y h}pc{ d }ec {me{ckoûe hm mwck}ckoûe oekdizlmxc% Ld{ cnmexm{ dzoãkmd{, ld{ cexokdloeïpnokd{ y ld{ cexozcpaoe{deoced{ z}mhme nmempcp m{xpmóoiomexd kdid kde{m) k}mekoc hm }e oekpmimexd me lc c`{dpkoûe hm cn}c me ml oexm{xoed% Dxpd{ gãpickd{, kdid lc{ {clm{ hm fomppd, ml fohpûvohd hm cl}ioeod d ml kcp`decxd kãlkokd z}mhme zpdh}kop m{xpmóoiomexd hm gdpic ho) pmkxc, xpc{xdped kdedkohd kdid kde{xozckoûe oexm{xoecl% Lc kde{xozckoûe oexm{xoecl m{ lc hogok}lxch mwc) k}cxdpoc kcpckxmporchc zdp ml zc{d hogok}lxd{d y hm m{kc{c kcexohch hm fmkm{ h}pc{, }{}climexm im) ed{ hm xpm{ hmzd{okodem{ zdp {micec, ckdizcóchd hm idwoiomexd{ oexm{xoeclm{ {mkd{% Clxmpckodem{ m{dgãnokc{% Cln}ed{ gãpickd{, kdid ml zpdzcedldl, z}mhme zpdwdkcp m{zc{id{ m{dgãnokd{ zdp `lds}md hm ld{ pmkmzxdpm{ ΰ)chpmeïpnokd{% Lc hdvokokloec, zdp dxpc zcpxm, m{ }ec xmxpckokloec cexo`ckxmpocec kczcr hm oppoxcp lc i}kd{c m{dgãnokc xpc{ }ec iclc chioeo{xpckoûe &me m{xd{ kc{d{, {m {}mlm pmkdimehcp oenm) pop ml imhokcimexd me zd{okoûe mpn}ohc, e}ekc ckd{xchd, zcpc mwoxcp }ec zd{o`lm ck}i}lckoûe me ml m{ûgcnd/% Lc icydpéc hm cexo`oûxokd{ hm cizlod m{zmkxpd z}mhme oeh}kop {d`pmoegmkkodem{ zdp Kce) hohc cl`okce{ me ml m{ûgcnd% Clxmpckodem{ oexm{xoeclm{% Lc{ {clm{ hm dpd y ld{ gãpickd{ lcvcexm{ z}mhme zpdwdkcp }e oekpmimexd hm lc idxolohch oexm{xoecl, oeh}komehd hocppmc% Ld{ cexohmzpm{owd{ xpokéklokd{, ld{ cexokdloeïpnokd{ y ld{ ceclnï{okd{ dzoãkmd{ {}mlme mbmpkmp }e mgmkxd kdexpcpod, zpdwdkcehd g}mpxm{ k}chpd{ hm m{xpmóoiomexd% Zdp dxpc zcpxm, kompxd{ zpmzcpchd{ hm fomppd y zdxc{od, zpdh}kxd{ hm lo`mpckoûe lmexc, z}mhme zpdh}kop òlkmpc{ y zmp) gdpckodem{ c eowml oexm{xoecl% Ld{ COEM{, ld{ cexokdekmzxowd{ dpclm{ y lc ~cpgcpoec, chmiã{ hm }lkmpc) kodem{, z}mhme zpdwdkcp fmidppcnoc{ c eowml oexm{xoecl% Zdp dxpc zcpxm, ml dimzpcrdl z}mhm oeh}kop oegmkkodem{ `ckxmpocec{ `ckxmpocec{ zdp oekpmimexd hml zF oexm{xoecl &ho{ioe}koûe hm lc ckohmr oexm{xoecl/%
) 3:= )
Clxmpckodem{ nã{xpokc{ y h}dhmeclm{% Ld{ gãpickd{ cexokdloeïpnokd{ y ld{ cnmexm{ dzoãkmd{, me cln}ed{ kc{d{, z}mhme zpdh}kop pmxpc{d me ml wckociomexd nã{xpokd% Lc hdizmpohdec y lc ko{czpohc, chmiã{ hm dxpd{ cnmexm{ zpdkoeïxokd{, zdp ml kdexpcpod, z}mhme oekpmimexcp lc idxolohch nc{xpdoexm{xoecl, gcwdpmkomehd ml wckociomexd nã{xpokd% Ld{ {clokolcxd{, chmiã{ hm dxpd{ COEM{, z}mhme zpdwdkcp oppoxckoûe hopmkxc hm lc i}kd{c nã{xpokc, oeh}) komehd lc czcpokoûe hm òlkmpc zïzxokc% Xci`oïe z}mhme oefo`op lc {éexm{o{ hm zpd{xcnlcehoec{, kdid zdp mbmizld lc ZNM0, zpd{xcnlcehoec zpdxmkxdpc hm lc i}kd{c nã{xpokc% Me lc ckx}clohch, {m {c`m s}m ml CC[ c hd{o{ xmpczï}xokc{ m{ kczcr hm zpdwdkcp zms}móc{ }lkmpckodem{ y fmidppcnoc{ {d`pm lc i}kd{c nã{xpokc, c}es}m nmempclimexm {de pmnmempc`lm{ y ed {}mlme kdellmwcp xpc{xdped{ iã{ npcwm{% Me lc icydpéc hm ld{ kc{d{, lc czcpokoûe hm òlkmpc zïzxokc me hmxmpioechd{ zckomexm{ {}mlm xpcxcp{m kde dimzpcrdl y io{dzpd{xdl% Clxmpckodem{ kûlokc{% Ld{ COEM{, lc{ zmeokoloec{ y lc icydpéc hm cexo`oûxokd{ hm cizlod m{zmkxpd z}mhme zpdh}kop kdloxo{, m{xchd zcxdlûnokd s}m {m kcpckxmporc zdp }e xpc{xdped oeglcicxdpod hml kdlde% Ld{ COEM{, chmiã{, z}mhme zpdwdkcp }lkmpckodem{, }lkmpckodem{, fmidppcnoc{ y zmpgdpckoûe c eowml kûlokd% C}es}m {}mlme {mp zdkd gpmk}mexm{, dxpd{ mgmkxd{ chwmp{d{ {d`pm ml czcpcxd honm{xowd {de, `ã{okcimexm2 Zpdkxoxo{% Lc zpdkxoxo{ m{ }ec kdehokoûe oeglcicxdpoc s}m oewdl}kpc ml ced y ml pmkxd% Z}mhm {mp zpdwdkchc zdp lc chioeo{xpckoûe hm {}zd{oxdpod{ hmpowchd{ hml kdpemr}mld hml kmexmed, oehdimxckoec d gmeol`}xcrdec% Zcekpmcxoxo{% Lc zcekpmcxoxo{ m{ }ec oeglcickoûe hml zãekpmc{, s}m z}mhm {mp cn}hc d kpûeokc% Ml k}chpd cn}hd k}p{c kde hdldp mzonã{xpokd, wûioxd{, kdexpckx}pc c`hdioecl y c}imexd hm lc{ meroic{ ciolc{c y lo) zc{c zcekpmãxokc% Lc cgmkkoûe kpûeokc z}mhm mwdl}kodecp fckoc lc go`pd{o{ zcekpmãxokc, hcehd l}ncp c }ec oe{}gokomekoc zcekpmãxokc mvdkpoec, y gcwdpmkmp lc czcpokoûe hm hoc`mxm{ imllox}{% Lc zcekpmcxoxo{ z}mhm {mp zpdwdkchc zdp ld{ cexokdekmzxowd{ dpclm{, cln}ed{ cexo{mkpmxdpm{, kdid lc koimxohoec, y kompxd{ COEM{, kdid ml zopdvokci% Zmpoxdeoxo{% Lc zmpoxdeoxo{ m{ }ec oeglcickoûe hml zmpoxdemd zpdh}kohc zdp `ckxmpoc{ d zdp {}{xcekoc{ oppoxcexm{, s}m {m oexpdh}kme me lc kcwohch c`hdioecl zdp }ec fmpohc zmemxpcexm d zdp lc zmpgdpckoûe hm }e ûp) nced hml czcpcxd honm{xowd d pmzpdh}kxdp% Ld{ {oned{ y {éexdic{ s}m {m zpdh}kme {}mlme {mp ho{xme) {oûe c`hdioecl, ponohmr y hdldp, ho{ioe}koûe d c}{mekoc hm p}ohd{ oexm{xoeclm{, eã}{mc{, wûioxd{ y xcs}okcphoc% Me lc ckx}clohch, {m pmkdedkme kompxd{ kc{d{ hm zmpoxdeoxo{ oeh}kohc zdp lc chioeo{xpc) koûe hm gãpickd{ ΰ)`lds}mcexm{%
) 3:7 )
XXMIC MIC ;;>% g mkxd{ hhm m lld{ d{ g gãpickd{ ãp ickd{ {{d`pm d`p m mmll p poóûe% oóûe% ;>>%% MMgmkxd{ G}ehcimexclimexm, {m pmkdedkme xpm{ imkceo{id{ c zcpxop hm ld{ k}clm{ z}mhm czcpmkmp emgpdxdvokohch &xdvokohch pmecl/, c {c`mp2 Lm{oûe zdp kdexckxd &gmeûimed{ hm kc}{xokckoûe/% Lm{oûe zdp xpc{xdped{ d`{xp}kxowd{ &ck}i}lckoûe hm zpdh}kxd{ s}éiokd{/% Lm{oûe zdp clxmpckoûe hm ld{ ms}olo`pod{ meroiãxokd{ ldkclm{% Lc npce icydpéc hm emgpdzcxéc{ xûvokc{ d megmpimhchm{ pmeclm{ s}m czcpmkme zdp pmckkoûe chwmp{c imho) kcimexd{c {}mlme {mp hopmkxc{% Me m{xm {mexohd, e}impd{d{ gãpickd{, kdid lc{ {}lgciohc{ cexo`ckxmpocec{, ld{ cioednl}kû{ohd{, lc aceciokoec y lc{ xmxpckokloec{, {de kczckm{ hm dponoecp emkpd{o{ mzoxmlocl oexme{c c eowml pmecl% Zdp dxpc zcpxm, lc{ {clm{ hm dpd y ld{ dvclcxd{ z}mhme ck}i}lcp{m ck}i}lcp{m me ml poóûe, zpdwdkcehd emgpd) xdvokohch d`{xp}kxowc% [oe mi`cpnd, dxpd{ kdiz}m{xd{, kdid ml CC[ y ld{ cexo`oûxokd{ ΰ)lckxãiokd{, {de kc) zckm{ hm zpdh}kop emgpdzcxéc{ xûvokc{ oehopmkxc{ zdp pmckkodem{ hm fozmp{me{o`olohch, c}es}m m{xm fmkfd m{ pmlcxowcimexm zdkd gpmk}mexm% Lc{ zcxdldnéc{ pmeclm{ hopmkxc{ {de {omizpm hmzmehomexm{ hm lc hd{o{ chio) eo{xpchc y ml xomizd hm xpcxciomexd1 lc{ zcxdldnéc{ oehopmkxc{, chmiã{ hm ed {mp zpmhmko`lm{, pm{}lxce oehm) zmehomexm{ hm lc hd{o{ y ml xomizd hm xpcxciomexd% Lc{ zpoekozclm{ zcxdldnéc{ pmeclm{ c{dkochc{ c lc chioeo{xpckoûe hm gãpickd{ {de, `ã{okcimexm2 Oe{}gokomekoc pmecl cn}hc% Lc oe{}gokomekoc pmecl cn}hc &gclld pmecl cn}hd/ m{ }e {éehpdim kcpckxmporchd zdp }e pãzohd hmxmpodpd hm lc g}ekoûe pmecl me lc s}m m{xãe cgmkxchc{ lc{ xpm{ g}ekodem{ `ã{okc{ hml poóûe2 lc mvkpmkoûe hm zpdh}kxd{ hm hm{mkfd hml imxc`dlo{id eoxpdnmechd, lc pmn}lckoûe hml wdl}ime y kdizd{okoûe hm ld{ lés}ohd{ kdpzdpclm{ y lc {éexm{o{ hm }ec npce wcpomhch hm kdiz}m{xd{ m{mekoclm{ kdid lc mpoxpdzdym) xoec d lc woxcioec H% Fcy }ec pmh}kkoûe hml golxpchd nldimp}lcp hm, zdp ld imed{, ml =:- y }ec mlmwc) koûe me {cenpm hm }pmc y kpmcxoeoec {ïpokc% [m c{dkoc c dlon}poc &wdl}ime hm dpoec oegmpodp c 8:: il$08 fdpc{/, fozmpwdlmioc, fozmpzdxc{mioc fozmpzdxc{mioc y ckohd{o{ imxc`ûlokc% Lc{ kc}{c{ z}mhme {mp hm dponme zpmppmecl d g}ekodecl &zdp mbmizld, fozdwdlmioc {mwmpc, mxk%/, hm dponme pmecl &zdp mbmizld, emkpd{o{ x}`}lcp cn}hc, emgpoxo{ oexmp{xokocl cn}hc clïpnokc, mxk%/ d zd{xpmecl &zdp mbmizld, fozmpxpdgoc zpd{xãxo) kc, mxk%/% Ml xpcxciomexd pms}ompm kde gpmk}mekoc ml }{d hm xïkeokc{ hm hoãlo{o{% Ld{ COEM{, ld{ OMKC{ y ld{ gãpickd{ ho}pïxokd{ {de cnmexm{ kczckm{ hm zpdh}kop oe{}gokomekoc pmecl cn}hc hm dponme zpm) ppmecl% Lc icydpéc hm cexo`oûxokd{ y ld{ COEM{, zdp dxpc zcpxm, z}mhme zpdwdkcp emgpoxo{ oexmp{xokocl cn}hc clïpnokc &clxmpckoûe oeglcicxdpoc s}m cgmkxc, {d`pm xdhd, cl oexmp{xokod y c ld{ xò`}ld{ pmeclm{/, kczcr hm zpdh}kop oe{}gokomekoc pmecl cn}hc hm dponme pmecl, s}m xci`oïe z}mhm czcpmkmp kdid kde) {mk}mekoc hm }ec emkpd{o{ x}`}lcp cn}hc dponoechc zdp gãpickd{ cioednl}kû{ohd{, cegdxmpckoec @ y kdiz}m{xd{ hm ko{zlcxoed% Lc{ {}lgciohc{ cexo`ckxmpocec{, ml imxdxpmvcxd, ml ckokldwop zcpmexmpcl, ld{ cnmexm{ koxdxûvokd{, lc woxcioec K chioeo{xpchc me hd{o{ ic{owc{, ml kozpdgldvckoed y ld{ memic{ hm gd{gcxd &xïkeokc{ pchodnpãgokc{ `c{chc{ me lc chioeo{xpckoûe hm gd{gcxd{ zdp wéc pmkxcl/, {de kdi) z}m{xd{ kczckm{, zdp dxpc zcpxm, hm zpdwdkcp oe{}gokomekoc pmecl cn}hc hm dponme zd{xpmecl zdp d`{) xp}kkoûe hml {o{xmic kdlmkxdp }poecpod &hmzû{oxd hm gãpickd{ d imxc`dloxd{/% Oe{}gokomekoc pmecl kpûeokc% Lc oe{}gokomekoc pmecl kpûeokc m{ }ec zcxdldnéc kcpckxmporchc zdp }ec ho{ioe}koûe lmexcimexm zpd) npm{owc hml golxpchd nldimp}lcp s}m {m iohm zdp ml cklcpciomexd hm lc kpmcxoeoec mehûnmec &wcldp edpicl hm 3:: il$ioe/, zdp pmh}kkoûe hml eòimpd hm emgpdec{ g}ekodecexm{% M{xm xpc{xdped kdeho) kodec }ec zïphohc hml kdexpdl edpicl hm lc fdimd{xc{o{, pmxmekoûe hm zpdh}kxd{ eoxpdnmechd{ eoxpdnmechd{ y xpc{) xdped{ imxc`ûlokd{ kcpckxmpé{xokd{% Ld{ {éexdic{ czcpmkme kde golxpchd{ nldimp}lcpm{ oegmpodpm{ c 0= il$ioe y {de cedpmvoc, eã}{mc{, wûioxd{, fozmpxme{oûe cpxmpocl, kce{cekod, xpc{xdped{ hml {}mód, zc) lohmr k}xãemc, cemioc, mxk% Me ld{ ceãlo{o{ fcy mlmwckoûe hm lc kpmcxoeoec, lc }pmc, ml zdxc{od, ml gû{gd) pd, ckohd{o{ imxc`ûlokc, mxk% ]ec hm lc{ zpoekozclm{ kc}{c{ hm czcpokoûe hm oe{}gokomekoc pmecl kpûeo) kc m{ lc hmedioechc emgpdzcxéc ceclnï{okc, xpc{xdped hmgoeohd kdid ml hcód cl poóûe kc}{chd zdp lc {d`pmmvzd{okoûe c kompxc{ imrklc{ hm imhokcimexd{, me m{zmkocl c ld{ gãpickd{ ceclnï{okd{ ed zpm{kpoxd{% ]{}climexm m{ ml pm{}lxchd hm lc oenm{xoûe zpdldenchc d kpûeokc hm ceclnï{okd{, me m{) zmkocl COEM{ kdi`oechd{, s}m oekl}yme ml CC[ y ml o`}zpdgmed% M{xd dk}ppm kde gpmk}mekoc kdid pm) {}lxchd hm lc c}xdimhokckoûe, c ime}hd zdp clnòe xozd hm hdldp kpûeokd% Lc emgpdzcxéc zdp ceclnï{o) kd{ czcpmkm me iã{ d imed{ 8 hm kchc 3::%::: zmp{dec{, zpoekozclimexm me lc{ i}bmpm{ icydpm{ hm ;: cód{% Ml hcód dk}ppm me lc{ m{xp}kx}pc{ oexmpec{ hml poóûe% [m zpm{mexc emgpoxo{ oexmp{xokocl y emkpd{o{ zczolcp pmecl, s}m goeclimexm kdellmwc c }ec oe{}gokomekoc pmecl cn}hc d kpûeokc% Ld{ zpoeko) zclm{ {éexdic{ hm lc emgpdzcxéc ceclnï{okc {de, g}ehcimexclimexm, g}ehcimexclimexm, ec}{mc{, wûioxd{, {diedlmekoc, oekczckohch me ml kdexpdl hm lc dpoec, zo}poc &zpm{mekoc hm nlû`}ld{ hm z}{ me lc dpoec, zpdkmhmexm{ hm lc xpce{gdpickoûe hm ld{ lm}kdkoxd{1 {m {}mlm c{dkocp c }ec oegmkkoûe }poecpoc/, iokpdfmicx}poc &zpm{mekoc iokpd{kûzokc hm fmicxém{ me lc dpoec/, zpdxmoe}poc, fozmpxme{oûe y ho{ioe}koûe hml cklc) pciomexd hm kpmcxoeoec%
) 3:> )
Emgpoxo{ oexmp{xokocl kpûeokc% Lc emgpoxo{ oexmp{xokocl kpûeokc &go`pd{o{ oexmp{xokocl kpûeokc/ m{ }e xpc{xdped hml poóûe kc}{chd zdp lc oe) glcickoûe hm ld{ xò`}ld{ y hm ld{ m{zckod{ oexmp{xokoclm{ s}m czcpmkme mexpm ld{ xò`}ld{ y ld{ nldiï) p}ld{ pmeclm{% [m kcpckxmporc zdp npce c}imexd hml xmbohd go`pd{d oexmp{xokocl, kde c`}ehcexm{ go`pc{ kdlãnmec{ y m{kc{d oegolxpchd kml}lcp loegdzlc{idkoxcpod% Z}mhm kdppm{zdehmp c lc zmp{o{xmekoc hm }ec emgpoxo{ oexmp{xokocl cn}hc d `ome z}mhm {mp hm{k}`ompxc kdid }ec gdpic kpûeokc {oe kc}{c czcpmexm% [m fc wo{xd s}m ml }{d zpdldenchd hm kompxd{ gãpickd{, kdid lc{ kokld{zdpoec{ y ml loxod, z}mhm zpd) wdkcp go`pd{o{ oexmp{xokocl kpûeokc% Lc{ kokld{zdpoec{ zpdh}kme xdvokohch hopmkxc c eowml hml xò`}ld pmecl zdp wc{dkde{xpokkoûe hm lc{ cpxmpoc{ zpmnldimp}lcpm{% Lc emgpdxdvokohch c{dkochc kde }ec xmpczoc c lcpnd zlcrd kde kokld{zdpoec{ {m fc hm{kpoxd kdid oppmwmp{o`lm y zdxmekoclimexm zpdnpm{owc% Ml loxod, zdp dxpc zcpxm, ckxòc ho{ioe}ymehd ml golxpchd nldimp}lcp% Chmiã{, oefo`m lc ckkoûe hm lc fdpidec cexo) ho}pïxokc% Cl ed zdhmp ckx}cp m{xc fdpidec {m zpdh}km }e icydp wdl}ime hm mvkpmkoûe hm dpoec hm i}y `cbc d{idlcpohch% [éehpdim emgpûxokd y nldimp}ldemgpoxo{% Ml {éehpdim emgpûxokd m{ }e xpc{xdped kcpckxmporchd zdp lc zïphohc }poecpoc ic{owc hm zpdxméec{ {ïpo) kc{ edpiclm{, me k}cexéc {}zmpodp c ;%= n me 08 fdpc{ me ch}lxd{ d 8: in$fdpc$i 0 me eoód{, c{dkoc) hd hm gdpic {mk}ehcpoc c fozdcl`}ioemioc, mhmic{, fozmpkdlm{xmpdlmioc, lozoh}poc, pmh}kkoûe hm lc ho}pm{o{ y {mh% Lc klcwm g}ehcimexcl pchokc me lc clxmpckoûe hm lc `cppmpc hm golxpckoûe nldimp}lcp &zmpimc`olohch/, s}m zmpioxm ml zc{d oexme{d hm zpdxméec{ c lc dpoec% Ld{ zpoekozclm{ {éexdic{ {de, g}ehcimexclimexm, mhmic &me lc{ mvxpmiohchm{, m{zmkoclimexm me ld{ zom{ y ld{ xd`olld{/, c}imexd hm zm{d &ed oexmekodecl1 zdp pmxmekoûe hm lés}ohd/, oeglcickoûe c`hdioecl, zïphohc hml czmxoxd m fozmpxme{oûe% Ml xïpioed nldimp}ldemgpoxo{ {oneogokc mxoidlûnokcimexm oeglcickoûe hml nldiïp}ld% Ml nldiïp}ld m{ lc }eohch cecxûiokc pmecl hdehm pchokc lc g}ekoûe hm cklcpciomexd d golxpckoûe hm lc {cenpm% Lc mxodldnéc hm lc{ nldimp}ldemgpoxo{ pchokc fc`ox}climexm me }e kdizdpxciomexd hmgmkx}d{d hml {o{xmic oei}em% Hm{hm }e z}exd hm wo{xc kléeokd, lc{ nldimp}ldemgpoxo{ k}p{ce kdid {éehpdim emgpéxokd d emgpûxokd% Ld{ COEM{, lc cizokoloec, lc pogcizokoec, lc fohcexdéec, ml kczxdzpold y ml loxod, z}mhme zpdwdkcp clxmpckodem{ iéeoic{ me ml nldiïp}ld% Me cln}ed{ kc{d{, ml loxod, chmiã{ hm lc fmpdéec, {de kczckm{ hm zpdh}kop nldimp}ldm{klmpd{o{, nldimp}ldm{klmpd{o{, xïpioed }{chd zcpc hm{kpo`op ml xmbohd kokcxpo) rchd s}m czcpmkm hmexpd hml poóûe m oexmpp}izm ml zpdkm{d hm golxpckoûe nldimp}lcp% Lc{ {clm{ hm dpd zcpmexmpclm{, lc zmeokolcioec y, me cln}ed{ kc{d{, ml kczxdzpold, z}mhme zpdwdkcp lc hmedioechc em) gpdzcxéc imi`pced{c, xpc{xdped oei}edlûnokd hml poóûe s}m zpdh}km }ec hm{dpnceorckoûe hm lc g}e) koûe pmecl hm`ohd c lc oeglcickoûe hm ld{ nldiïp}ld{ y c kci`od{ me lc imi`pcec `c{cl nldimp}lcp% Wc{k}loxo{ pmecl% Lc wc{k}loxo{ pmecl m{ }ec kdehokoûe oeglcicxdpoc hm ld{ wc{d{ {cen}éemd{ pmeclm{ kcpckxmporchc zdp emkpd{o{ xo{}lcp, kokcxporckoûe y zpdlogmpckoûe s}m z}mhm pm{}lxcp me d`{xp}kkoûe hml wc{d% G}ehcime) G}ehcime) xclimexm, {}mlm k}p{cp kde mhmic, fozmpxme{oûe y }pmioc% Lc }pmioc kdizpmehm xdhc{ cs}mllc{ ic) eogm{xckodem{ {o{xïiokc{ pmlckodechc{ kde }ec ho{ioe}koûe hml golxpchd nldimp}lcp zdp hm`cbd hml =) 3:- hml wcldp edpicl% Ld{ zpoekozclm{ {éexdic{ {de2 mi`dxciomexd, lmxcpnoc, {diedlmekoc, cedpmvoc, eã}{mc{ y wûioxd{, n}{xd hm{cnpchc`lm, zïphohc hm zm{d, hdldpm{ û{md{ y gpckx}pc{, zp}poxd, kclci) `pm, hm{dpomexckoûe, mxk% [m fc wo{xd s}m kompxd{ gãpickd{, kdid lc{ zmeokoloec{, lc{ {}lgciohc{ cexo) `ckxmpocec{, ld{ cexokdekmzxowd{ dpclm{, lc{ kokld{zdpoec{ y lc ioxdiokoec, z}mhme zpdwdkcp zpdwdkcp wc{k}loxo{ pmecl me hmxmpioechd{ zckomexm{% Hoc`mxm{ oe{ézohc% Lc hoc`mxm{ oe{ézohc m{ }e xpc{xdped kcpckxmporchd zdp lc czcpokoûe zpde}ekochc hm {mh y zdp lc mvkpm) koûe hm npcehm{ kcexohchm{ hm dpoec hol}ohc% Hokfd hm gdpic kdppmkxc, m{ }ec zdlo}poc fozdxûeokc kde zdlohoz{oc {mk}ehcpoc, s}m zmp{o{xm oekl}{d xpc{ lc pm{xpokkoûe féhpokc% [m zpm{mexc me ml 0:)>:- hm ld{ zckomexm{ xpcxchd{ kde loxod% Ml loxod, oefo`ohdp hm lc fdpidec cexoho}pïxokc, {m mvkpmxc me }e ?=zdp ml poóûe, {mnòe ld{ kci`od{ me ml wdl}ime hml golxpchd nldimp}lcp y hml `clcekm hm {dhod% M{xm mgmkxd edpiclimexm m{ pmwmp{o`lm hm{z}ï{ hm pmxopcp ml imhokcimexd &mgmkxd hmzmehomexm hm lc hd{o{/, zmpd {m fce zpm{mexchd cln}ed{ kc{d{ me ld{ s}m lc hoc`mxm{ oe{ézohc zpdnpm{c% [m zome{c s}m ml im) hokcimexd pmh}km oppmwmp{o`lmimexm lc g}ekoûe x}`}lcp me ml =)3:- hm ld{ zckomexm{ kde xmpczoc c lcpnd zlcrd &iã{ hm 0 cód{/%
) 3:6 )
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) 3:? )
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XXMIC MIC ;;6% 6% MMgmkxd{ g mkxd{ hhm m lld{ d{ g gãpickd{ ãp ickd{ {{d`pm d`p m llc c {{cenpm cenp m yy lld{ d{{ ûûpnced{ p nced{ ld ld ffm mi cxdzdyïxokd{% fmicxdzdyïxokd{% icxdzdyïxokd{% Hm gdpic nmempcl, ld{ mgmkxd{ chwmp{d{ imhokcimexd{d{ c eowml hm lc {cenpm y ld{ ûpnced{ fmicxdzdyïxo) kd{ {}mlme {mp zpmhmko`lm{ y hmzmehomexm{ hm lc hd{o{% Me cln}ed{ kc{d{, {oe mi`cpnd, czcpmkme pmckkod) em{ oizpmhmko`lm{, hm mgmkxd{ oem{zmpchd{ y ed hmzmehomexm{ hm lc hd{o{, edpiclimexm hm xozd oei}edlûno) kd d hm xozd dvohcxowd% Me k}cls}omp kc{d, lc{ clxmpckodem{ fmicxdlûnokc{ z}mhme dponoecp }e hm{cppdlld cedpicl hm clnòe xmbohd } ûpnced pmlckodechd kde ml {o{xmic fmicxdzdyïxokd &ho{zlc{oc fmicxdlûnokc/, }e hm{cppdlld oekdizlmxd d hmgmkx}d{d &fozdzlc{oc fmicxdlûnokc/ d }ec gclxc hm hm{cppdlld &czlc{oc fmicxdlûno) kc/% Lc{ zpoekozclm{ zcxdldnéc{ fmicxdlûnokc{ c{dkochc{ c lc chioeo{xpckoûe hm gãpickd{ {de, `ã{okcimexm2 Cemioc czlã{okc% Lc cemioc czlã{okc m{ }e xpc{xdped kcpckxmporchd zdp }ec oe{}gokomekoc imh}lcp nld`cl s}m dponoec }ec zpdh}kkoûe oe{}gokomexm hm ld{ mlmimexd{ gdpim{ hm lc {cenpm, kde lc kde{on}omexm czcpokoûe hm cemioc, zpdzocimexm hokfc &ho{ioe}koûe hm lc kdekmexpckoûe hm fmidnld`oec zdp hm`cbd hm }ed{ léioxm{ s}m {m kde{ohmpce edpiclm{/, lm}kdkoxdzmeoc &ho{ioe}koûe hml eòimpd xdxcl hm lm}kdkoxd{ me {cenpm zmpogïpokc/ y xpdi`dkoxdzmeoc &{ox}ckoûe fmicxdlûnokc cedpicl me lc s}m ml eòimpd hm zlc) s}mxc{ m{xã ho{ioe}ohd/% M{xm zpdkm{d {m fc pmlckodechd kde e}impd{c{ kc}{c{2 pchockodem{ odeo) rcexm{, gãpickd{, cnmexm{ s}éiokd{ xûvokd{, oegmkkodem{ wépokc{, xpc{xdped{ oei}edlûnokd{, mxk%, c}es}m mvo{xm xci`oïe }ec gdpic ohodzãxokc d {oe kc}{c kdedkohc% Me lc ckx}clohch, {m kdedkme e}) impd{d{ cnmexm{ xmpczï}xokd{ kczckm{ hm zpdwdkcp cemioc czlã{okc, g}ehcimexclimexm2 Gãpickd{ cexooegmkkod{d{ cexooegmkkod{d{ kdid lc{ {}lgciohc{, ml kldpcegmeokdl y ml kdxpoidvcrdl% Gãpickd{ cexooeglcicxdpod{ kdid lc gmeol`}xcrdec, lc dvogme`}xcrdec, lc oehdimxckoec, lc zmeokolcioec zmeokolcioec y lc{ {clm{ hm dpd% Gãpickd{ cexoxopdohmd{ kdid ml kcp`oicrdl y ml zpdzolxod}pckold% cexokdew}l{owcexm{ kdid lc gmeoxdéec% Gãpickd{ cexokdew}l{owcexm{ Gãpickd{ cexohmzpm{owd{ kdid lc{ gmedxocroec{%
) 33: )
Cemioc fmidléxokc% Lc cemioc fmidléxokc m{ }e xpc{xdped kcpckxmporchd zdp }ec hm{xp}kkoûe hm ld{ mpoxpdkoxd{ dponoechc zdp imkceo{id{ i}y howmp{d{, edpiclimexm oei}edlûnokd{ } dvohcxowd{% Lc{ zmeokoloec{, lc{ kmgc) ld{zdpoec{, lc{ xmxpckokloec{, lc s}oeohoec, s}oeohoec, lc kldpzpdicroec, kldpzpdicroec, lc pogcizokoec y lc imxolhdzc &hm{kdenm{) &hm{kdenm{) xodecexm cexofozmpxme{owd/ z}mhme dponoecp cemioc fmidléxokc zdp imkceo{id{ oei}edlûnokd{% Ml ãkohd eclohévokd, lc eoxpdg}pcexdéec, lc zpoics}oec y lc{ {}lgdeciohc{ cexo`ckxmpocec{, zdp dxpc zcpxm, z}mhme dponoecp dponoecp cemioc fmidléxokc zdp imkceo{id{ dvohcxowd{% Dxpd{ gãpickd{, kdid ml ko{zlcxoed y lc zmeokolcioec, xci`oïe z}mhme dponoecp m{xc{ cemioc{, c}es}m {} imkceo{id hm ckkoûe pm{}lxc fdy me héc hm{kdedkohd% Me k}cls}omp kc{d, lc fmiûlo{o{ z}mhm {mp oexpcwc{k}lcp, k}cehd ld{ fmic) xém{ {m lo{ce me lc kopk}lckoûe y {} kdexmeohd {m lo`mpc hopmkxcimexm cl zlc{ic, d mvxpcwc{k}lcp, iã{ gpmk}mexm, k}cehd ld{ fmicxém{ {de lo{chd{ zdp ld{ ickpûgcnd{ hml fénchd d hml `crd% Lc cemioc hmzmehm hm lc oexme{ohch hm lc fmiûlo{o{ y hm lc kczckohch kdizme{chdpc hm lc iïh}lc û{mc% Cemioc imncld`lã{xokc% Lc cemioc imncld`lã{xokc kdizpmehm }e {éehpdim kc}{chd fc`ox}climexm zdp }e hïgokox hm ãkohd gûlokd d hm woxcioec @30, s}m {m kcpckxmporc zdp }ec idpgdldnéc cxézokc hm lc{ kïl}lc{ fmicxdzdyïxo) kc{% Ml {éehpdim zcpmkm xmemp {} dponme me }ec ho{ioe}koûe hm lc {éexm{o{ hm imxodeoec zdp zcpxm hm lc{ kïl}lc{ hm lc iïh}lc û{mc, ld s}m kc}{c }e xpc{xdped me lc {éexm{o{ hm HEC me lc{ kïl}lc{ fmic) xdzdyïxokc{ y zpdwdkc }ec clxmpckoûe me ml zpdkm{d hm hogmpmekockoûe y ich}pckoûe kml}lcp, g}ehc) imexclimexm hm lc {mpom mpoxpdohm% Me m{xm {mexohd, ld{ nlû`}ld{ pdbd{ {}mlme czcpmkmp kdid gdpic{ oeich}pc{, npcehm{ y edpiclimexm cg}ekodeclm{% Lc emdiokoec y ld{ cexohoc`ïxokd{ dpclm{ z}mhme oeh}kop }e hïgokox hm woxcioec @ 30 y zpdwdkcp cemioc imncld`lã{xokc% Zdp dxpc zcpxm, ld{ cexokdekmzxo) wd{ dpclm{, ld{ cnmexm{ cexokdew}l{owcexm{ y ml imxdxpmvcxd z}mhme pmh}kop ld{ eowmlm{ hm ãkohd gûlo) kd me ml dpnceo{id, zpdwdkcehd hm on}cl idhd cemioc imncld`lã{xokc% Cemioc {ohmpd`lã{xokc% Lc cemioc {ohmpd`lã{xokc m{ }e {éehpdim s}m {m kcpckxmporc zdp lc ck}i}lckoûe hm fomppd oexpcioxd) kdehpocl, s}m zpdh}km }e c}imexd hml fomppd ickpdgãnokd &{d`pmkcpnc hm fomppd/ y hm ld{ {ohmpd`lc{) xd{% Ld{ {ohmpd`lc{xd{ {de ld{ zpdnmeoxdpm{ hm lc {mpom pdbc s}m kdexomeme zcpxék}lc{ hm fomppd, me gdpic hm np}zd{ fmid, ho{zmp{c{ me {} koxdzlc{ic me kdehokodem{ ed zcxdlûnokc{% Lc oechmk}chc }xolorckoûe hml fomppd z}mhm zpdh}kop }ec cemioc iokpdkéxokc &zpm{mekoc hm mpoxpdkoxd{ cedpiclimexm zms}mód{/ m fozdkpdic &ho{ioe}koûe hm lc kdekmexpckoûe hm fmidnld`oec me ld{ fmicxém{/% Lc cemioc {ohmpd`lã{xokc m{ }ec zcxdldnéc {mwmpc s}m, k}cehd womem zpdwdkchc zdp lc chioeo{xpckoûe hm kompxd{ gãpickd{, kdid lc{ o{deocrohc{ y ml kldpcegmeokdl, {}mlm {mp hmzmehomexm hm lc hd{o{ y, zdp ld xcexd, edpiclimexm pmwmp{o`lm xpc{ lc oexmpp}zkoûe hml xpcxciomexd kc}{cl% Imxcfmidnld`oemioc% Lc imxcfmidnld`oemioc m{ }e xpc{xdped kcpckxmporchd zdp }ec mlmwckoûe hm ld{ eowmlm{ hm imxcfm) idnld`oec d fmidnld`oec dvohchc me ld{ fmicxém{ &iã{ hml 3:- hm lc fmidnld`oec xdxcl/% [o m{ i}y oexme{c, z}mhm zpdh}kop lc i}mpxm hml megmpid cl s}mhcp i}y pmh}kohd ml xpce{zdpxm hm dvénmed c ld{ xmbohd{ &fozdvoc xo{}lcp/% Ld{ kc{d{ iã{ lmwm{ {}mlme k}p{cp kde k}chpd{ koceûxokd{, kcpckxmpo) rchd{ zdp lc kdldpckoûe cr}lchc hm lc zoml y lc{ i}kd{c{% Me kdehokodem{ go{odlûnokc{ lc zpm{mekoc hm imxcfmidnld`oec me {cenpm m{ i}y m{kc{c% Cln}ed{ gãpickd{ kczckm{ hm zpdwdkcp imxcfmid) nld`oemioc {de ld{ eoxpoxd{, lc{ {}lgciohc{ cexo`ckxmpocec{, cexo`ckxmpocec{, ld{ ceclnï{okd{ y cln}ed{ cem{xï{okd{ ld) kclm{ kdid lc voldkcéec% Em}xpdzmeoc% Lc em}xpdzmeoc m{ }e xpc{xdped kcpckxmporchd zdp lc ho{ioe}koûe hml eòimpd hm em}xpûgold{ me lc {cenpm% Ld{ em}xpûgold{ {de lm}kdkoxd{ zdloidpgde}klmcpm{ s}m xomeme }e eòklmd kde wcpod{ lû`}ld{, kdemkxchd{ kdemkxchd{ zdp go`pc{ g o`pc{ hm kpdicxoec, y }e koxdzlc{ic, s}m kdexomem npãe}ld{ npãe}ld{ koxdxûvokd{% [} zpoekozcl g}ekoûe m{ lc hmgme{c hml dpnceo{id kdexpc lc{ oegmkkodem{ `ckxmpocec{% Lc em}xpdzmeoc oeh}kohc zdp gãpickd{ {}mlm {mp npcwm, c}es}m nmempclimexm pmwmp{o`lm zdp {}zpm{oûe hml xpcxciomexd% Ld{ cnme) xm{ koxdxûvokd{, ld{ oei}ed{}zpm{dpm{ oei}ed{}zpm{dpm{ y cln}ed{ cexooegmkkod{d{ cexooegmkkod{d{ kdid ml kldpcegmeokdl, ml kdxpoidvc) rdl, lc gl}koxd{oec, lc wohcpc`oec y lc rohdw}hoec, z}mhme hcócp hopmkxcimexm c lc{ kïl}lc{ zpdnmeoxd) pc{ zpm{mexm{ me lc iïh}lc û{mc% Edpiclimexm, m{xc{ pmckkodem{ pm{}lxce zpmhmko`lm{ y hmzmehme hm lc hd{o{ hm gãpickd chioeo{xpchc% Zdp dxpc zcpxm, lc{ zmeokoloec{, lc{ kmgcld{zdpoec{ y lc{ {}lgcio) hc{ cexo`ckxmpocec{, z}mhme dponoecp em}xpdzmeoc zdp imkceo{id{ oei}edlûnokd{, edpiclimexm oi) zpmhmko`lm{% zpmhmko`lm{% M{xd{ xpc{xdped{ {de oehmzmehomexm{ oehmzmehomexm{ hm lc hd{o{ chioeo{xpchc% Cnpce}ldkoxd{o{% Lc cnpce}ldkoxd{o{ m{ }ec clxmpckoûe {cen}éemc kcpckxmporchc zdp lc ho{ioe}koûe hm lc kogpc hm npc) e}ldkoxd{, nmempclimexm oeh}kohc zdp gãpickd{, kdid zdp mbmizld, lc zpdkcoeciohc, lc pogcizokoec, ml zpdzolxod}pckold, lc o{deocrohc y lc gmeoxdéec, chmiã{ hm lc gmeol`}xcrdec, lc kldrczoec, lc kldpzpd) icroec y ml ncekokldwop% [}mlm {mp hm oe{xc}pckoûe `p}{kc, kde gom`pm clxc, òlkmpc{ emkpûxokc{ me lc{ i}kd{c{ hm lc pmnoûe dpdgcpéenmc, c{é kdid me lc pmnoûe cecl y wcnoecl%
) 333 )
Xpdi`dkoxdzmeoc% Lc xpdi`dkoxdzmeoc kdizpmehm }ec {ox}ckoûe fmicxdlûnokc cedpicl me lc s}m ml eòimpd hm zlcs}m) xc{ m{xã ho{ioe}ohd, hm`ohd c lc hm{xp}kkoûe hml xmbohd mpoxpdkéxokd me lc iïh}lc û{mc, zdp kompxc{ me) gmpimhchm{ emdzlã{okc{ d zdp lc pm{z}m{xc oei}edlûnokc gpmexm c }e imhokcimexd% Lc ho{ioe}koûe z}mhm cgmkxcp c lc zpdh}kkoûe hm zlcs}mxc{, c {} wohc imhoc, d `ome pmno{xpc{m }e c}imexd hml nc{xd hm lc{ io{ic{, c{dkochd c m{zlmedimncloc% Lc xpdi`dkoxdzmeoc m{ lc kc}{c iã{ gpmk}mexm hm ld{ xpc{xdped{ fmidppãnokd{% Hm gdpic nmempcl, ld{ gãpickd{ koxdxûvokd{ {de oefo`ohdpm{ hm lc zpdh}k) koûe hm zlcs}mxc{ zdp lc iïh}lc û{mc% Lc{ {clm{ hm dpd, lc fmzcpoec, lc imxolhdzc, lc s}oeohoec, lc po) gcizokoec y lc{ {}lgciohc{ cexo`ckxmpocec{, zdp dxpc zcpxm, {de gãpickd{ kczckm{ hm oeh}kop xpdi`d) koxdzmeoc zdp oekpmimexd me lc hm{xp}kkoûe hm zlcs}mxc{% Xpc{xdped{ hm lc fmid{xc{oc% Lc fmid{xc{oc m{ }e zpdkm{d go{odlûnokd mekcioechd c icexmemp lc oexmnpohch hml ãp`dl wc{k}lcp, mwoxcehd y kdfo`omehd lc{ fmidppcnoc{% G}ehcimexclimexm, m{ }e imkceo{id hm hmgme{c kczcr hm mwoxcp, me lc imhohc hm ld zd{o`lm, lc zïphohc hm {cenpm cexm }ec lm{oûe wc{k}lcp% Ld{ gmeûimed{ fmid{xãxokd{ {}mlme kdimercp kde }e zpdkm{d hm wc{dkde{xpokkoûe ldkclorchd, ckdizcóchd hm }ec chfm{oûe y cnpmnckoûe zlcs}mxcpoc% zlcs}mxcpoc% Zd{xmpodpimexm, kde ml d`bmxowd hm xczdecp d k}`pop lc lm{oûe wc{) k}lcp, {omizpm y k}cehd {mc zmp{o{xmexm, {m kde{xp}ym }ec ic{c nmlcxoed{c, hmexpd d g}mpc hm ld{ wc{d{ {cen}éemd{, kde{xox}ohc g}ehcimexclimexm zdp fmicxém{, lm}kdkoxd{ y zlcs}mxc{ oeimp{d{ me }ec icllc hm go`poec oe{dl}`lm% M{xc ic{c nmlcxoed{c gdpichc zdp kdizdemexm{ fmicxdlûnokd{ {m kdedkm kdid kdãn}ld {cen}éemd% Zdp òlxoid, }ec wmr zclochc lc lm{oûe, ml dpnceo{id hm`m hm{xp}op hokfd kdãn}ld zcpc mwoxcp zd{o`lm{ d`{xp}kkodem{ wc{k}lcpm{ imhocexm }e imkceo{id kdedkohd kd) id go`poeûlo{o{% Hm gdpic nmempcl, lc{ clxmpckodem{ hml {o{xmic fmid{xãxokd {}mlme zpdwdkcp k}chpd{ fmidppãnokd{ hm wcpoc`lm npcwmhch% Me e}impd{c{ dkc{odem{, lc fmid{xc{oc z}mhm wmp{m clxmpchc zdp lc zpm{mekoc hm howmp{d{ gãpickd{ kczckm{ hm clxmpcp lc g }ekodeclohch }ekodeclohch hm lc{ zlcs}mxc{, kdid ml CC[, lc xokldzohoec, lc zpd{xckokloec y ml hozopohcidl, d `ome zdp kdiz}m{xd{ oefo`ohdpm{ hml zpdkm{d hm lc kdcn}lckoûe, kdid m{ ml kc{d hm lc fmzcpoec y ld{ cexokdcn}lcexm{ dpclm{, s}m oexmpgompme me ml imxc`dlo{id hm lc woxcioec A% Ld{ kdiz}m{xd{ go`poedléxokd{, kdid lc m{xpmzxds}oec{c, lc }pds}oec{c y lc clxmzlc{c, xci`oïe z}mhme clxmpcp ld{ imkceo{id{ hm lc fmid{xc{oc% Dxpd{ gãpickd{ kczckm{ hm zpdh}kop xpc{xdped{ fmid{xãxokd{ {de lc{ zmeokoloec{, lc{ kmgcld{zdpoec{ y ld{ cexokdekmzxowd{ dpc) lm{% M{xd{ òlxoid{ z}mhme dponoecp xpdi`dmi`dlo{id{ xpdi`dmi`dlo{id{ wmed{d{ d cpxmpoclm{% X}idpm{ fmicxdlûnokd{% Cln}ed{ gãpickd{, kdid ld{ cnmexm{ koxdxûvokd{, ml kldpcegmeokdl y lc gmeol`}xcrdec, z}mhme zpdwd) kcp x}idpm{ fmicxdlûnokd{ {mk}ehcpod{ kdid lm}kmioc{ d {éehpdim{ iomldho{zlã{okd{% Lc{ lm}km) ioc{ cnp}zce lc{ zpdlogmpckodem{ iclonec{ hm kïl}lc{ fmicxdzdyïxokc{, s}m {m kcpckxmporce zdp }e pmmizlcrd hog}{d hml hm{cppdlld hm lc{ kïl}lc{ {cen}éemc{ edpiclm{% Lc{ iceogm{xckodem{ hm lc me) gmpimhch czcpmkme zpdnpm{owcimexm zdp lc ho{ioe}koûe hm lc{ kïl}lc{ {cen}éemc{ edpiclm{ hm lc{ xpm{ {mpom{ m oegolxpckoûe hm ûpnced{ zdp kïl}lc{ cxézokc{, y kde{o{xme me cemioc, hoãxm{o{ fmidppãno) kc hm`ohc {d`pm xdhd c lc xpdi`dkoxdzmeoc m oegmkkodem{% Ld{ {éehpdim{ iomldho{zlã{okd{, zdp dxpc zcpxm, kdizpmehme }e kdeb}exd hm megmpimhchm{ `meonec{ hm ecx}pclmrc kldecl, s}m {m kcpckxmpo) rce zdp lc zpm{mekoc hm cedpiclohchm{ k}cloxcxowc{ y k}cexoxcxowc{ hm lc{ ho{xoexc{ léemc{ fmicxdzd) yïxokc{ me lc {cenpm y iïh}lc û{mc, kdid kde{mk}mekoc hm }ec clxmpckoûe hm lc kczckohch hm zpdlo) gmpckoûe y }ec hogmpmekockoûe hm lc{ kïl}lc{ zpdnmeoxdpc{ fmicxdzdyïxokc{%
) 330 )
XXMIC MIC ;;?% g mkxd{ hhm m lld{ d{ g gãpickd{ ãp ickd{ {{d`pm d`p m mmll cczcpcxd zcp cxd lldkdidxdp% dkdidxdp % ;??%% MMgmkxd{ Ml czcpcxd ldkdidxdp m{ ml {o{xmic hml dpnceo{id mekcpnchd hm llmwcp c kc`d ld{ zpdkm{d{ pmlckodechd{ kde ml idwoiomexd &ldkdidkoûe/% M{xã kde{xox}ohd zdp ld{ f}m{d{, ld{ iò{k}ld{ y lc{ cpxok}lckodem{% Hm gdpic nmempcl, {m kdedkme e}impd{d{ gãpickd{ kczckm{ hm zpdh}kop xdvokohch {d`pm ml czcpcxd ldkdidxdp% M{xd{ kdiz}m{xd{ z}mhme zpdwdkcp zcxdldnéc{ i}{k}lcpm{, û{mc{, cpxok}lcpm{, chmiã{ hm xpc{xdped{ pmlckodechd{ kde ml xmbohd kdeb}exowd y ml xmbohd go`pd{d% Zcxdldnéc{ i}{k}lcpm{% Ld{ gãpickd{ ho}pïxokd{, ld{ cexcndeo{xc{ hml kclkod y ml {cl`}xcidl z}mhme zpdwdkcp kclci`pm{ i}{k}lcpm{ zdp hm{ms}olo`pod mlmkxpdléxokd% Ld{ kclci`pm{ {de kdexpckkodem{ m{zc{iûhokc{, oewdl}excpoc{, hdldpd{c{ y xpce{oxdpoc{ s}m edpiclimexm cgmkxce c }ed d wcpod{ iò{k}ld{% Zdp dxpc zcpxm, lc{ m{xcxoec{ y cln}ed{ hmpowchd{ hml ãkohd gé`pokd &oefo`ohdpm{ kdizmxoxowd{ hm ld{ zpmk}p{dpm{ hml kdlm{xmpdl/, kdid ml kldgo`pcxd, ml `merdgo`pcxd y ml nmigo`pdrold, z}mhme dponoecp iodzcxéc{ hdldpd{c{% Lc{ iodzcxéc{ kdizpmehme xdhc{ lc{ clxmpckodem{ d xpc{xdped{ pmlckodechd{ kde ld{ iò{k}ld{ m{s}mlïxokd{% Ld{ nl}kdkdpxokdohm{, lc kdlkfokoec, lc kldpds}oec y lc fohpdvokldpds}oec, zdp {} zcpxm, z}mhme zpdwdkcp iodzcxéc{ oehdldpc{% Ld{ gãpickd{ fozdlozmiocexm{ y lc{ c{dkockodem{ mexpm ldwc{xcxoec y nmigo`pdrold, kokld{zdpoec{ d cexo`oûxokd{ ickpûlohd{ z}mhme zpdwdkcp }ec hm{oexmnpckoûe hm lc{ go`pc{ i}{k}lcpm{, s}m {m ckdizcóc hm }ec mvkm{owc mvkpmkoûe hm iodnld`oec me lc dpoec, zpdkm{d zdxmekoclimexm idpxcl s}m nld`climexm {m kdedkm kdid pc`hdioûlo{o{% Ld{ cioednl}kû{ohd{, ld{ ΰ)`lds}mcexm{, )`lds}mcexm{, lc zdloiovoec @ y lc zmeokolcioec, me cln}ec{ dkc{odem{, z}mhme zpdwdkcp ml hmedioechd {éehpdim ioc{xïeokd hm Lci`mpx)Mcxde, kcpckxmporchd zdp }ec mlmwchc hm`olohch i}{k}lcp kdid kde{mk}mekoc hm lc oefo`okoûe hm lc xpce{io{oûe em}pdi}{k}lcp% Lc rohdw}hoec, lc koimxohoec y lc zmeokolcioec, zdp dxpc zcpxm, z}mhme zpdwdkcp pmckkodem{ c}xdoei}em{ c eowml i}{k}lcp kczckm{ hm dponoecp hmpicxdiod{oxo{, megmpimhch kdi) z}m{xc zdp zdloiod{oxo{ &oeglcickoûe hml xmbohd i}{k}lcp s}m k}p{c kde gom`pm m foekfcrûe ldkclorchc/, lm{odem{ k}xãemc{, mhmic y g}mpxm{ hdldpm{ cpxok}lcpm{% Dxpd{ gãpickd{, kdid lc zpdkcoeciohc, lc fohpclcroec, ld{ cnmexm{ cexokdew}l{owcexm{ y ld{ kdiz}m{xd{ cexox}`mpk}ld{d{, z}mhme zpdh}kop ml hmedioechd l}z}{ mpoxmicxd{d, hmpicxd{o{ s}m k}p{c kde lm{odem{ s}m pmk}mphce c lc idphmh}pc hm ld`d, hm cfé {} edi`pm, y {m kcpckxmporc zdp lc czcpokoûe hm zlckc{ mepdbmkohc{ y m{kcichc{ {d`pm lc zoml, ckdizcóchc{ c eowml {o{xïiokd zdp gom`pm y zlm}pm{éc &hmppcim zlm}pcl/, chmiã{ hm hdldp i}{k}lcp y cpxok}lcp% M{ }ec megmpimhch c}xdoei}em hml xmbohd kdemkxowd kcpckxmporchc zdp lc zpdh}kkoûe ceûiclc hm cexok}mpzd{ gpmexm c }e cizlod m{zmkxpd hm c}xdcexénmed{ &cexoe}klmcpm{, cexoHEC, cexogckxdpm{ hm kdcn}lckoûe, cexokcphodlozoec, mxk%/% Z}mhm cgmkxcp c lc icydpéc hm ld{ ûpnced{, {omehd ld{ iã{ w}lempc`lm{ lc imi`pcec {oedwocl cpxok}lcp, lc zoml, ml poóûe, ld{ wc{d{ {cen}éemd{ {cen}éemd{ û{mc{% y ml kdpcrûe% Zcxdldnéc{ Ld{ nl}kdkdpxokdohm{ y lc fmzcpoec z}mhme z}mhme zpdwdkcp d{xmdzdpd{o{ &cxpdgoc û{mc iovxc, i}y gpmk}mexm, kcpckxmporchc zdp }ec pmh}kkoûe hm lc ic{c d hml wdl}ime hml xmbohd û{md kde pmlckoûe p mlckoûe cl wdl}ime d ic{c hml f}m{d cecxûiokd/ zdp clxmpckoûe hm ld{ zpdkm{d{ imxc`ûlokd{ pmlckodechd{ kde ml kclkod, ml gû{gdpd y lc woxcioec H, d `ome zdp mgmkxd hopmkxd {d`pm ld{ {o{xmic{ û{md{% Zdp dxpc zcpxm, ld{ gãpic) kd{ cexokdew}l{owcexm{ y cexox}`mpk}ld{d{ z}mhme zpdh}kop d{xmdiclckoc &c`lcehciomexd hm ld{ f}m) {d{ kc}{chd zdp }ec ioempclorckoûe hmgmkx}d{c, edpiclimexm zpmwoc c ld{ zpdkm{d{ hm kclkogokc) koûe/% Ml wclzpdcxd {ûhokd, lc gmeoxdéec y lc o{dxpmxoedéec z}mhme zpdwdkcp d{xmd{klmpd{o{ &menpd{c) iomexd hml f}m{d, c}imexd hm {} hme{ohch, kde zd{o`lm ho{ioe}koûe hml m{zckod imh}lcp y lc kde{o) n}omexm cxpdgoc hm lc iïh}lc û{mc/ y kclkogokckodem{ mkxûzokc{ mkxûzokc{ &ck}i}lckoûe hm kclkod me howmp{d{ xm) bohd{ dpnãeokd{, g}ehcimexclimexm, iò{k}ld{, cpxok}lckodem{, xmehdem{ y loncimexd{/% Me cln}ec{ dkc{odem{, ld{ kdpxokdohm{ chioeo{xpchd{ c mlmwchc{ hd{o{ z}mhme zpdwdkcp emkpd{o{ wc{k}lcp c eowml hm lc kc`mrc gmidpcl zdp gclxc hm pomnd {cen}éemd, dponoecehd zpd`lmic{ hm kdbmpc% Zcxdldnéc{ cpxok}lcpm{% Lc{ zmeokoloec{, lc{ s}oedldec{, lc{ {}lgciohc{ cexo`ckxmpocec{, lc m{xpmzxdiokoec, ml xod}pckold y ml CC[ z}mhme zpdwdkcp cpxpoxo{ &oeglcickoûe hm lc{ cpxok}lckodem{/ y cpxpclnoc &hdldp cpxok}lcp ckdizc) óchd d ed hm clxmpckoûe xo{}lcp/% Ld{ gãpickd{ koxdxûvokd{ y lc eoxpdnlokmpoec z}mhme gcwdpmkmp lc {}) zmpzpdh}kkoûe zmpzpdh}kkoûe hm ãkohd òpokd zdp zcpxm hml dpnceo{id, dponoecehd cpxpoxo{ ndxd{c% Ld{ gãpickd{ ho}pï) xokd{, zdp {} zcpxm, {de kczckm{ hm ho{ioe}op lc mvkpmkoûe pmecl hm ãkohd òpokd, zpdh}komehd on}cl) imexm cpxpoxo{ ndxd{c% Ld{ cexokdcn}lcexm{ cexokdcn}lcexm{ dpclm{, lc m{xpmzxds}oec{c, m{xpmzxds}oec{c, lc fmzcpoec y lc ~cpgcpoec z}m) hme zpdwdkcp fmicpxpd{o{ &hmppcim fmiãxokd me ml oexmpodp hm }ec cpxok}lckoûe1 lc{ kc}{c{ iã{ gpm) k}mexm{ {de ml xpc}icxo{id hopmkxd y lc fmidgoloc/% Ld{ gãpickd{ cexomzolïzxokd{ z}mhme zpdh}kop hd) ldp cpxok}lcp {d`pm lc{ iced{ y ld{ fdi`pd{, me ml hmedioechd {éehpdim hml fdi`pd kdenmlchd &me) gmpimhch hm [}hmka d {éehpdim fdi`pd)iced/%
) 33; )
Zcxdldnéc{ hml xmbohd kdeb}exowd% Me cln}ed{ kc{d{, lc chioeo{xpckoûe hm kdpxokdohm{ zdp wéc xûzokc z}mhm zpdwdkcp pdx}pc hm xmehdem{ zdp {}zpm{oûe hm ld{ imkceo{id{ hm pmzcpckoûe hm lc{ go`pc{ i}{k}lcpm{% M{xm xozd hm lm{oûe pm{}lxc fc`ox}cl me ml xmehûe hm Cs}olm{, gdpichd zdp ld{ hd{ nmimld{ y ml {dlmd, {ox}chd{ zdp mekoic hml xclûe, c eowml hm lc zcexdppollc% Zdp dxpc zcpxm, ld{ kdpxokdohm{ y lc oe{}loec chioeo{xpchd{ zdp wéc zc) pmexmpcl z}mhme zpdwdkcp cxpdgoc &ho{ioe}koûe chs}opohc hml xcicód hm }e ûpnced d xmbohd/ d fozmpxpd) goc &c}imexd hml xcicód hm }e ûpnced d xmbohd, {mk}ehcpod cl c}imexd hm xcicód hm {}{ kïl}lc{ kde{xox}ymexm{/ hml xmbohd chozd{d me lc rdec hm oeymkkoûe% Zcxdldnéc{ hml xmbohd go`pd{d% Ld{ gãpickd{ ΰ)`lds}mcexm{, lc `pdidkpozxoec y cln}ed{ cexoionpcód{d{, kdid lc mpndxcioec y lc hofohpdmpndxcioec, {de kczckm{ hm zpdh}kop go`pd{o{ &c}imexd zcxdlûnokd hml xmbohd go`pd{d/ me lc rd) ec zïlwokc y l}i`cp% C}es}m z}mhm zpdh}kop{m zdp iòlxozlm{ megmpimhchm{, lc icydpéc hm lc{ wmkm{ m{ lc pm{z}m{xc kokcxpokocl edpicl c }ec lm{oûe d c }ec fmpohc s}opòpnokc%
XXMIC MIC 88:% :% MMgmkxd{ g mkxd{ hhm m lld{ d{ g gãpickd{ ãp ickd{ {{d`pm d`p m mmll {{o{xmic o{xxmic mic mmehdkpoed% ehdkp oed% ld {o{ Ml {o{xmic mehdkpoed, mehdkpoed, kde{xox}ohd zdp i}lxox}h hm nlãeh}lc{ hm {mkpmkoûe oexmpec nmempchdpc{ nmempchdpc{ hm {}{xcekoc{ fdpideclm{, b}exd kde ml {o{xmic empwod{d, oexmpwomem me lc kddphoeckoûe m oexmnpckoûe hm lc{ howmp{c{ g}e) kodem{ imxc`ûlokc{ hml dpnceo{id% Hm gdpic nmempcl, ml {o{xmic mehdkpoed zmpioxm2 Pmn}lcp lc wmldkohch hm lc{ pmckkodem{ `ods}éiokc{ hml dpnceo{id% kdpzdpclm{% Pmn}lcp ml xpce{zdpxm hm e}xpomexm{ c xpcwï{ hm lc{ imi`pcec{ kdpzdpclm{% fdimd{xãxokd{ hml dpnceo{id% Icexmemp ld{ zpdkm{d{ fdimd{xãxokd{ Oeh}kop ml kpmkoiomexd nmempcl hml dpnceo{id% Pmn}lcp ld{ zpdkm{d{ pmzpdh}kxowd{% [mkpmxcp fdpidec{% Me k}cls}omp kc{d, lc chioeo{xpckoûe hm cln}ed{ gãpickd{ z}mhm clxmpcp ld{ zpdkm{d{ oewdl}kpchd{ kde ml {o{xmic mehdkpoed% Hm gdpic icydpoxcpoc, ml ?:- hm lc{ pmckkodem{ chwmp{c{ nmempchc{ zdp imhokcimexd{ {}mlme cgmkxcp c lc{ nlãeh}lc{ {}zpcppmeclm{, c lc{ nlãeh}lc{ xopdohmc{ y c lc{ nlãeh}lc{ {mv}clm{% Hm gdpic imed{ fc`ox}cl, dxpd{ ûpnced{ cgmkxchd{ {de lc fozûgo{o{ y ml zãekpmc{% Me m{xm {mexohd, xmemid{ s}m2 Pmckkodem{ chwmp{c{ imhokcimexd{c{ {d`pm lc{ nlãeh}lc{ {}zpcppmeclm{% Hm gdpic nmempcl, lc kdpxmrc {}zpcppmecl m{ lc rdec iã{ {}{kmzxo`lm hml {o{xmic mehdkpoed c lc ck) koûe edkowc hm ld{ xûvokd{ me ml dpnceo{id% Me m{xm {mexohd, lc chioeo{xpckoûe hm nl}kdkdpxokdohm{ y ioempclkdpxokdohm{ me xmpczoc{ zpdldenchc{ oei}ed{}zpm{dpc{ y cexooeglcicxdpoc{ z}mhm ho{ioe}op lc kczckohch hmgme{owc hml dpnceo{id gpmexm c oegmkkodem{ mvxmpec{, chmiã{ hm dponoecp d{xmdzdpd{o{ y howmp{c{ clxmpckodem{ imxc`ûlokc{, kdid ml {éehpdim hm K}{foen% Pmckkodem{ chwmp{c{ imhokcimexd{c{ {d`pm ml xopdohm{% x opdohm{% Ld{ gãpickd{ cexokdcn}lcexm{ cexokdcn}lcexm{ {}mlme ho{ioe}op hm gdpic nmeïpokc lc g}ekoûe xopdohmc% Zdp dxpc zcpxm, ld{ {clokolcxd{ y lc gmeoxdéec {}mlme ho{ioe}op ho{ioe}op lc{ kdekmexpckodem{ hm xopdvoec, zpmk}p{dp `ã{okd hm lc{ fdpidec{ xopdohmc{% Lc ciodhcpdec, {oe mi`cpnd, {}mlm gcwdpmkmp ml oekpmimexd hm lc fdpidec xm) xpcydhdxopdvoec &X8/, yc s}m oefo`m {} xpce{gdpickoûe c xpoydhdxopdvoec &X;/% M{xm fmkfd z}mhm k}p{cp me cln}ed{ zckomexm{ kde fozmpxopdoho{id, c}es}m me pcpc{ dkc{odem{ czcpmkm }e kdexpchokxdpod fozdxopdoho{id hm kc}{c{ ed hmgoeohc{% Lc chioeo{xpckoûe hm loxod z}mhm dponoecp, me cln}ed{ kc{d{, }ec m{xoi}lckoûe xdxcl d zcpkocl hm lc{ nlãeh}lc{ xopdohmc{, dponoecehd k}chpd{ hm `dkod% Lc {dicxd) xpdzoec mvûnmec &fdpidec hm kpmkoiomexd/, {oe mi`cpnd, {}mlm zpdwdkcp fozdxopdoho{id% fozdxopdoho{id% Pmckkodem{ chwmp{c{ imhokcimexd{c{ {d`pm lc{ nlãeh}lc{ {mv}clm{ &nûechc{/% Me lc ckx}clohch, {m kdedkme e}impd{d{ gãpickd{ kczckm{ hm zpdwdkcp }ec zïphohc hm lc lé`ohd m oizdxmekoc me ml dpnceo{id f}iced, {omehd ld{ iã{ fc`ox}clm{ ld{ cnmexm{ ho}pïxokd{ xocréhokd{, ld{ cexoz{okûxokd{ y cexohmzpm{owd{, ld{ cnmexm{ ΰ)`lds}mcexm{, )`lds}mcexm{, ld{ cexofo{xciéeokd{ cexofo{xciéeokd{ F 0, chmiã{ hml loxod y cln}ed{ hm{kdenm{xodecexm{ hm{kdenm{xodecexm{ kdid lc kldeohoec y lc imxolhdzc% Ml loxod y ld{ cexofo{xciéeokd{ hm xozd F0 z}mhme zpdh}kop chmiã{ noemkdic{xoc y nclckxdppmc% Dxpd{ gãpickd{, kdid ld{ cnmexm{ ce{odlé) xokd{, kompxd{ cexohmzpm{owd{ xpokéklokd{ kdid lc kldiozpcioec, y cln}ed{ OICD kdid lc o{dkcp`dvcko) hc y lc xpceolkozpdioec, {de kczckm{ hm zpdwdkcp hogok}lxch me lc myck}lckoûe y cedpnc{ioc me ml fdi`pm% Zdp {} zcpxm, {m {c`m s}m cln}ed{ imhokcimexd{, kdid lc xpcrdhdec, z}mhme zpdwdkcp k}chpd{ hm zpoczo{id &mpmkkoûe zmp{o{xmexm y hdldpd{c ed pmlckodechc kde ml hm{md {mv}cl, s}m ed hm{czcpmkm xpc{ lc myck}lckoûe/% Zdp òlxoid, cln}ed{ ho}pïxokd{, kdid lc m{zopdlckxdec, z}mhme oe) fo`op lc zpdh}kkoûe hm fdpidec{ m{xmpdohmc{ xm{xok}lcpm{% Zdp dxpc zcpxm, kompxd{ cexokcekmpd{d{, kdid lc cioednl}xmxoiohc, z}mhme z}mhme oefo`op lc {éexm{o{ hm ld{ zpmk}p{dpm{ m{xpdnïeokd{ y lc zpdh}kkoûe hm fdpidec{ ndechclm{%
) 338 )
Pmckkodem{ chwmp{c{ imhokcimexd{c{ {d`pm lc fozûgo{o{% Ld{ gãpickd{ cexoz{okûxokd{ {de kczckm{ hm oeh}kop lc lo`mpckoûe hm zpdlckxoec zdp zcpxm hm lc fozûgo) {o{ cexmpodp d chmedfozûgo{o{ kdid kde{mk}mekoc hml `lds}md hm ld{ pmkmzxdpm{ hdzcioeïpnokd{ H 0, z}homehd zpdwdkcp noemkdic{xoc y nclckxdppmc, xcexd me zckomexm{ ic{k}loed{ kdid gmimeoed{% Me i}bmpm{, chmiã{, z}mhme zpdh}kop cimedppmc zdp oefo`okoûe hm lc{ fdpidec{ LF y G[F% M{xd{ gãp) ickd{ xci`oïe {}mlme oefo`op hm lc lo`mpckoûe hm CHF zdp zcpxm hm lc fozûgo{o{ zd{xmpodp d em}pdfozû) go{o{, gcwdpmkomehd lc pmxmekoûe hm cn}c me ml dpnceo{id y zpdwdkcehd kde{mk}mexmimexm fozdec) xpmioc zdp fozd{idlcpohch hml {}mpd {cen}éemd% Zdp dxpc zcpxm, ld{ cexokdekmzxowd{ dpclm{ y cln}ed{ OICD, kdid lc idkld`miohc, idkld`miohc, {de kczckm{ hm zpdwdkcp nclckxdppmc zdp m{xoi}lckoûe hm lc lo`mpckoûe hm zpdlckxoec zdp zcpxm hm lc fozûgo{o{ cexmpodp% Pmckkodem{ chwmp{c{ imhokcimexd{c{ {d`pm ml zãekpmc{% Lc chioeo{xpckoûe hm oe{}loec y hm gãpickd{ cexohoc`ïxokd{ dpclm{ z}mhm dponoecp k}chpd{ hm fozd) nl}kmioc zdp mvxme{oûe hm {}{ mgmkxd{, zdp mbmizld, k}cehd ml zckomexm {m {dimxm c }e g}mpxm mbmp) kokod gé{okd% Zdp dxpc zcpxm, i}kfd{ gãpickd{ {de kczckm{ hm zpdwdkcp zcekpmcxoxo{ kpûeokc, `ã{okc) imexm, cnmexm{ ho}pïxokd{, xmxpckokloec{ y {}lgdeciohc{ {}lgdeciohc{ cexo`ckxmpocec{, chmiã{ hm cln}ed{ cexomzo) lïzxokd{, kdid ml ãkohd wclzpûokd, kompxd{ gãpickd{ oei}ed{}zpm{dpm{, kdid lc crcxodzpoec, y cln}) ec{ meroic{, kdid lc L)c{zcpnoec{c%
XXMIC MI C 3% MMgmkxd{ g mkxd{ hhm m lld{ d{ g gãpickd{ ãp ickd{ {{d`pm d`p m llc c zzoml% oml% XMI C 883% ld Mvo{xme e}impd{d{ gãpickd{ kczckm{ hm zpdh}kop mgmkxd{ edkowd{ {d`pm lc zoml, cizlocimexm edxogokchd{ me ld{ kmexpd{ hm gcpickdwonolcekoc% Lc{ lm{odem{ hïpiokc{ {}mlme {mp lmwm{ y xpce{oxdpoc{1 chmiã{, ed {}mlme pms}mpop lc oexmpp}zkoûe hpã{xokc hml xpcxciomexd% Me ld{ kc{d{ iã{ npcwm{, z}mhme hmpowcp me k}chpd{ hm fozmp{me{o`olohch% fozmp{me{o`olohch% Hm gdpic nmempcl, lc{ lm{odem{ k}xãemc{ iã{ fc`ox}clm{ {de, `ã{okcimexm2 `ã{okcimexm2 Cizdllc{ d wm{ék}lc{% [de lm{odem{ hmpicxdlûnokc{ s}m kde{o{xme me }ec gdpickoûe {d`pmmlmwchc s}m kdexomem lés}ohd me {} oexmpodp% Me nmempcl, {m z}mhm fc`lcp hm wm{ék}lc k}cehd lc lm{oûe zpm{mexc }e hoãimxpd imedp c = ki% C xcicód{ icydpm{ {}mlme pmkdedkmp{m kdid cizdllc{% Fc`dem{ d pdekfc{% [de lm{odem{ hmpicxdlûnokc{ hm kde{o{xmekoc mlã{xokc y hm mwdl}koûe g}ncr, nmempclimexm zp}ponoed) {c{, k}yc k}pckoûe ed {}mlm hmbcp {mk}mlc{% Iãk}lc{% [de lm{odem{ hmpicxdlûnokc{ zlcec{ s}m {m kcpckxmporce zdp }e icpkchd kci`od hm kdldpckoûe1 `ã) {okcimexm, {de zms}móc{ rdec{ zonimexchc{% Zãz}lc{% [de lm{odem{ hmpicxdlûnokc{ s}m kde{o{xme me }ec gdpickoûe {d`pmmlmwchc kopk}e{kpoxc hm kde{o{) xmekoc kdizckxc% Zò{x}lc{% [de lm{odem{ hmpicxdlûnokc{ hmpicxdlûnokc{ s}m {m kcpckxmporce zdp }ec mlmwckoûe kopk}e{kpoxc hm lc zoml s}m {}mlm zpm{mexcp lés}ohd z}p}lmexd &z}{/ me {} oexmpodp% Lc{ pmckkodem{ chwmp{c{ iã{ kdi}em{ hm ld{ gãpickd{ {d`pm lc zoml {de, g}ehcimexclimexm2 g}ehcimexclimexm2 Zp}poxd% Ml zp}poxd z}mhm hmgoeop{m kdid cs}mllc {me{ckoûe hm zokdp k}xãemd s}m zpdwdkc lc emkm{ohch hm pc{kcp% M{xm mgmkxd z}mhm czcpmkmp zdp lc chioeo{xpckoûe hm k}cls}omp xozd hm gãpickd% [}mlm {mp fc`ox}cl me lc{ gc{m{ oeokoclm{ hm }ec pmckkoûe hm fozmp{me{o`olohch y me lc fmzcxdxdvokohch% Mpoxmic% Ml mpoxmic z}mhm hmgoeop{m kdid }e mepdbmkoiomexd oeglcicxdpod hm lc zoml% Me lc icydpéc hm ld{ kc) {d{, z}mhm czcpmkmp zdp lc chioeo{xpckoûe hm zmeokoloec{ cexo`ckxmpocec{% Cln}ed{ gãpickd{ wc{dho) lcxchdpm{ xci`oïe z}mhme dponoecp m{xm k}chpd, c {c`mp2 cexcndeo{xc{ hml Kc 0!, kokld{zdpoec{, ãkohd eokdxéeokd, kclkoxdeoec, eoxpdg}pcexdéec, xdl`}xciohc, npo{mdg}lwoec, imxpdeohcrdl, m oekl}{d lc chioeo{) xpckoûe kdeb}exc hm clkdfdl y kldpzpdickoe% ]pxokcpoc% Lc }pxokcpoc fckm pmgmpmekoc c }ec mp}zkoûe k}xãemc kcpckxmporchc zdp zãz}lc{ hm léioxm{ emxd{, mlm) wchc{ y, kc{o {omizpm, ckdizcóchc{ ckdizcóchc{ hm mpoxmic y zp}poxd% [} dponme {m hm`m c }ec holcxckoûe kczolcp hm lc hmpio{ &cenodmhmic/ &cenodmhmic/ zdp lc ckkoûe hm kompxd{ imhochdpm{ wc{dckxowd{% Z}mhm czcpmkmp xpc{ lc chioeo{xpckoûe hm zmeokoloec{, {clokolcxd{, COEM{, kdhméec, oiozpcioec y ml xdvdohm xmxãeokd% Cln}ec{ wck}ec{ xci`oïe z}mhme zpdwdkcp }pxokcpoc%
) 33= )
Mp}zkodem{ wm{ék}ld)cizdlld{c{% Lc{ mp}zkodem{ wm{ék}ld)cizdlld{c{ {de gdpickodem{ {d`pmmlmwchc{ s}m kdexomeme lés}ohd me {} oe) xmpodp% Z}mhme czcpmkmp xpc{ lc chioeo{xpckoûe hm COEM{, zmeokoloec{ y ho}pïxokd{ xocréhokd{, kczckm{ hm dponoecp k}chpd{ i}y howmp{d{, kdid ml hmedioechd {éehpdim hm [xmwme{)Bdfe{de d lc megmp) imhch hm Lymll% Ml {éehpdim hm [xmwme{)Bdfe{de {m kcpckxmporc g}ehcimexclimexm zdp lc czcpokoûe hm mvcexmic &mp}zkoûe k}xãemc hm kdldp pdbord y hm c{zmkxd i}lxogdpim/, y k}p{c kde gom`pm clxc, mgldpm{kmekoc{ wm{ok}lcpm{ oeokoclimexm hm i}kd{c{ &m{xdicxoxo{, kdeb}exowoxo{, w}lwoxo{, }pmxpoxo{, zpdk) xoxo{/ y zd{xmpodpimexm hm lc zoml &mkxdhmpid{o{ mpd{owc zl}podpogokocl/% [m cxpo`}ym c }ec clmpnoc imho) kcimexd{c, oegmkkoûe zdp iokdzlc{ic, mxk% Lc megmpimhch hm Lymll, zdp dxpc zcpxm, m{ }ec hmpicxd) {o{ hm mxodldnéc xûvokc, kcpckxmporchc zdp lc czcpokoûe hm cizdllc{, hm{zmnciomexd k}xãemd y emkpd) {o{ mzohïpiokc% mzohïpiokc% Zòpz}pc{% Ld{ zòpz}pc{ kdizpmehme }e xpc{xdped hmpicxdlûnokd s}m {m kcpckxmporc zdp lc zpm{mekoc hm fmid) ppcnoc{ me ld{ xmbohd{ iã{ mvxmped{, m{zmkoclimexm `cbd lc zoml d lc{ imi`pcec{ i}kd{c{, y s}m zpdh}km ms}oid{o{ d zmxms}oc{ &icekfc{ hoioe}xc{ hm lc zoml, me gdpic hm z}exd zms}mód, hm kdldp pdbd d wodlãkmd, s}m czcpmkme kdid kde{mk}mekoc hm }ec{ iéeoic{ fmidppcnoc{ oexpchïpiokc{ d {}`i}kd{c{/% Z}mhme czcpmkmp xpc{ lc chioeo{xpckoûe hm cldz}poedl, kldpdxocrohc, g}pd{miohc, {clm{ hm dpd, eoxpdg}pcexdéec, m{xpûnmed{ m{xpûnmed{ y {}lgciohc{ cexo`ckxmpocec{% cexo`ckxmpocec{% Wc{k}loxo{ hïpiokc% Lc wc{k}loxo{ hïpiokc m{ }ec oeglcickoûe hm ld{ kczolcpm{ y wc{d{ {cen}éemd{ hm lc zoml s}m {}mlm iceogm{xcp{m zdp lc gdpickoûe hm iãk}lc{ pdborc{ m oekl}{d cizdllc{ fmidppãnokc{% fmidppãnokc{% Z}mhm czcpmkmp xpc{ lc chioeo{xpckoûe hm {}lgdeciohc{ cexo`ckxmpocec{, xocrohc{, fohcexdéec{, oehdimxcroec y cln}) ed{ imhod{ hm kdexpc{xm ydhchd{% Emkpd{o{ hïpiokc{% Lc emkpd{o{ hïpiokc m{ }ec mvzpm{oûe hm xmbohd “i}mpxd’ c eowml hm lc zoml s}m {}mlm czcpmkmp zdp i}lxox}h hm kc}{c{, g}ehcimexclimexm2 o{s}mioc xo{}lcp, ckkoûe hm {}{xcekoc{ s}éiokc{, gckxdpm{ gé) {okd{, ckkoûe oei}edlûnokc, kc}{c{ oegmkkod{c{, mxk% Z}mhm czcpmkmp xpc{ lc chioeo{xpckoûe hm cln}) ed{ cexokdcn}lcexm{, kdid lc ~cpgcpoec% Ld{ cnmexm{ wc{dkde{xpokxdpm{ xûzokd{ y ld{ gãpickd{ cexo) emdzlã{okd{ xci`oïe z}mhme dponoecp emkpd{o{ hïpiokc% Mp}zkodem{ ckemogdpim{ &ckeï/% Ml ckeï m{ }ec cgmkkoûe hmpicxdlûnokc kde klcpc oegl}mekoc fdpidecl y zcxdnmeoc i}lxogckxdpocl, s}m {m kcpckxmporc zdp }ec d`{xp}kkoûe hm ld{ kceclm{ zold{m`ãkmd{ {mn}ohc hm }e c}imexd hm lc {mkpm) koûe hm lc{ nlãeh}lc{ {m`ãkmc{ y zd{xmpodp kdldeorckoûe hml h}kxd zdp Zpdzodeo`ckxmpo}i ckem % Me cln}ed{ kc{d{ z}mhm xmemp dponme xûvokd% Cln}ed{ gãpickd{ s}m oeh}kme lc zpdh}kkoûe hm ckeï {de, `ã{okcimexm2 `ã{okcimexm2 fdpidec{ m{xmpdohm{, cexokdekmzxowd{ fdpideclm{, nl}kdkdpxokdohm{, gmedxocroec{, ce) xokdew}l{owcexm{, xokdew}l{owcexm{, o{deocrohc, pogcizokoec, mxodeciohc y loxod% Fozmpzonimexckoûe% Lc fozmpzonimexckoûe z}mhm hmgoeop{m kdid }ec kdldpckoûe mvkm{owc d cedpicl hm lc zoml% Me lc ic) ydpéc hm ld{ kc{d{, z}mhm czcpmkmp zdp lc chioeo{xpckoûe hm gãpickd{ ckxowd{ {d`pm ml [EK% Zdp mbmizld, lc kldpzpdicroec z}mhm dponoecp }ec kompxc kdldpckoûe cr}lchc c eowml hm lc zoml% Zdp dxpc zcpxm, lc{ fohcexdéec{ y lc{ fdpidec{ z}mhme dponoecp kdldpckodem{ icppdem{ d zcphc{ cedpiclm{, pm{zmkxowcimexm% Lc woxcioec C, chioeo{xpchc c hd{o{ mlmwchc{, xci`oïe z}mhm oekpmimexcp hm gdp) ic nmeïpokc ml kdldp hm lc zoml% Gdxd{me{o`olohch% Lc gdxd{me{o`olohch fckm pmgmpmekoc c }ec mlmwchc {}{kmzxo`olohch fckoc lc l}r, kde zpdzme{oûe c zc) hmkmp gdxdhmpicxoxo{% Cln}ed{ gãpickd{, kdid lc ciodhcpdec, lc{ xmxpckokloec{, kompxd{ COEM{, lc{ xocrohc{ y ld{ pmxoedohm{, {}mlme {mp cnmexm{ gdxdxûvokd{% Zdp dxpc zcpxm, lc{ gmedxocrohc{, lc s}oeoec y lc s}oeohoec {}mlme {mp gãpickd{ gdxdclïpnokd{% Clxmpckodem{ kczolcpm{% Hm gdpic nmempcl, lc chioeo{xpckoûe hm gãpickd{ cexoemdzlã{okd{ {}mlm k}p{cp me lc icydpéc hm ld{ kc{d{ kde cldzmkoc hm kcpãkxmp pmwmp{o`lm% Zdp dxpc zcpxm, ld{ cnmexm{ cehpdnïeokd{, ld{ nl}kdkdpxo) kdohm{, lc{ kokld{zdpoec{ y lc gmeoxdéec {}mlme dponoecp k}chpd{ hm fop{}xo{id% Clxmpckodem{ }en}mclm{% Cln}ed{ hmpowchd{ hml ãkohd pmxoeûokd z}mhme zpdwdkcp }ec kdldpckoûe cicpollmexc c eowml hm lc{ }óc{% Zdp dxpc zcpxm, ld{ cexokdekmzxowd{ dpclm{ y lc{ s}oedldec{ cexo`ckxmpocec{ z}mhme dponoecp p}zx}pc{ m{zdexãemc{ hm lc{ }óc{ xpc{ mvzd{okoûe c lc l}r {dlcp% Ld{ gãpickd{ cexoemdzlã{okd{ z}m) hme zpdh}kop }ec{ hmzpm{odem{ xpce{wmp{c{ }en}mclm{, kdedkohc{ kdid léemc{ hm @mc}, s}m czcpm) kme me ho{xoexc{ hmpicxd{o{ y s}m ckmexòce ml kpmkoiomexd hm lc{ }óc{ me }e hmxmpioechd idimexd% idimexd% Zdp òlxoid, cln}ed{ cexozclòhokd{, kdid lc kldpds}oec y lc imzckpoec, z}mhme d{k}pmkmp d{k}pmkmp lc{ }óc{%
) 337 )
XXMIC MIC 880% g mkxd{ hhm m lld{ d{ g gãpickd{ ãp ickd{ {{d`pm d`p m lld{ d{ ûûpnced{ p nced{ {{me{dpoclm{% me{dp oclm{% 800%% MMgmkxd{ Mgmkxd{ edkowd{ {d`pm lc wo{oûe% Me lc ckx}clohch {m kdedkme e}impd{d{ gãpickd{ s}m z}mhme dponoecp lm{odem{ dk}lcpm{, yc {mce ldkclm{ d {o{xïiokc{% Zdp mbmizld, kompxd{ kdlopod{ dgxãliokd{ z}mhme zpdwdkcp oppoxckoûe d oeglcickoûe me ml dbd1 {oe mi`cpnd, me dkc{odem{, z}mhme c`{dp`mp{m c xpcwï{ hm lc pmh wc{k}lcp y clkcercp lc kopk}lckoûe nmempcl, dponoecehd k}chpd{ hm xdvokohch {o{xïiokc s}m edpiclimexm k}p{ce kde gom`pm{ y$d pmckkodem{ clïpnokc{% Dxpd{ gãpickd{ ed dk}lcpm{, zdp ml kdexpcpod, {de kczckm{ hm dponoecp xpc{xdped{ {d`pm lc wo{oûe hm gdpic oehopmkxc% Zdp mbmizld, lc s}oeoec, lc kldpds}oec, lc kldpzpdicroec, lc oehdimxckoec y lc ciodhcpdec {de im) hokcimexd{ kczckm{ hm dponoecp hmzû{oxd{ c eowml hm lc kdpemc, k}`ompxc xpce{zcpmexm y mvxpmichcimexm gpãnol cexmpodp c lc imi`pcec m{klmpûxokc &k}`ompxc mvxmpec y kde{o{xmexm hml nld`d dk}lcp/, dponoecehd k}c) hpd{ hm wo{oûe `dppd{c y ho{ioe}ymehd lc cn}hmrc wo{}cl% Ml opo{ kdizpmehm lc zcpxm zonimexchc cexmpodp hm lc kczc wc{k}lcp hml dbd &kdpdohm{/1 zpm{mexc me {} kmexpd }e dpogokod, lc z}zolc, kczcr hm kci`ocp hm hoãim) xpd {mnòe lc oexme{ohch hm lc l}r% Me {} rdec zmpogïpokc ml opo{ {m kdexoeòc kde ml hmedioechd k}mpzd kolocp% Ld{ gãpickd{ m{xoi}lcexm{ chpmeïpnokd{ y ld{ cexcndeo{xc{ kdloeïpnokd{, kdid lc{ gmedxocroec{, ld{ cexofo{) xciéeokd{ d ld{ cexohmzpm{owd{ xpokéklokd{, {de kczckm{ hm oeh}kop lc holcxckoûe hml opo{, c}imexcp lc zpm{oûe oexpcdk}lcp y, me ld{ kc{d{ iã{ npcwm{, zpdh}kop nlc}kdic &cxpdgoc zpdnpm{owc hml empwod ûzxokd, s}m {m iceo) gom{xc zdp hmgmkxd{ zpdnpm{owd{ hml kcizd wo{}cl/% Ld{ gãpickd{ kdloeïpnokd{, kdid lc chpmecloec y lc zold) kcpzoec, mbmpkme kde{mk}mexmimexm ml mgmkxd kdexpcpod, z}homehd dponoecp ckdidhckoûe hm lc wo{xc zdp pmlc) bckoûe hml iò{k}ld kolocp, gdxdgd`oc y wo{oûe `dppd{c% Ld{ kdpxokdohm{ dgxãliokd{, zdp {} zcpxm, {}mlme oekpm) imexcp lc zpm{oûe dk}lcp y zpdh}kop nlc}kdic y kcxcpcxc{, me pcpc{ dkc{odem{% Lc pmxoec, zdp dxpc zcpxm, m{ lc imi`pcec empwod{c hml dbd% Cln}ed{ gãpickd{, kdid lc kldpds}oec, lc s}oeoec, ml xcidvogmed, lc{ gmedxocro) ec{, ld{ zpdnm{xãnmed{ y lc{ k}icpoec{, {de kczckm{ hm dponoecp clxmpckodem{ empwod{c{ `olcxmpclm{ oppmwmp) {o`lm{ c eowml hm lc pmxoec, z}homehd zpdwdkcp fmidppcnoc{ zdp clxmpckoûe hm ld{ imkceo{id{ hm lc kdcn}lc) koûe% Ml kpo{xcloed kdizpmehm lc lmexm `okdewmvc hml dbd, xpce{zcpmexm y mew}mlxc zdp }ec kãz{}lc s}m {m gobc c ld{ iò{k}ld{ kolocpm{ zdp lc hmedioechc rûe}lc kolocp d loncimexd {}{zme{dpod hm hokfc lmexm% Ld{ kdpxokdo) hm{, lc{ gmedxocroec{ y ld{ cexohmzpm{owd{ {}mlme zpdh}kop dzckohch c eowml hml kpo{xcloed% Lc kldpzpdicroec y ml imxdvclmed, zdp {} zcpxm, z}mhme dponoecp gdxdxdvokohch y hmzû{oxd{ hm kdldp d{k}pd {d`pm ml kpo{xcloed% Mgmkxd{ edkowd{ {d`pm lc c}hokoûe y ml ms}olo`pod% Ld{ ûpnced{ hm lc c}hokoûe y ml ms}olo`pod kdizpmehme ml déhd mvxmped, ml déhd imhod y ml déhd oexmped% Hm{) hm }e z}exd hm wo{xc xdvokdlûnokd, lc{ pmckkodem{ chwmp{c{ iã{ fc`ox}clm{ {}mlme czcpmkmp c eowml hml déhd oexmped, rdec zpdzocimexm {me{dpocl hml {o{xmic c}hoxowd% Ml déhd oexmped {m mek}mexpc hmexpd hml hmedioec) hd f}m{d xmizdpcl% Hmexpd hml déhd oexmped {m pmkdedkme hd{ {o{xmic{ ho{xoexd{, ml lc`mpoexd zd{xmpodp d czcpcxd wm{xo`}lcp, mekcpnchd mekcpnchd hml ms}olo`pod, y ml {o{xmic kdklmcp, k}yd kmexpd g}ehcimexcl m{ ml hmedioechd ûpnced hm Kdpxo, mekcpnchd hm lc zcpxm c}hoxowc% Hm gdpic nmempcl, lc xdvokohch c eowml wm{xo`}lcp dponoec ec}{mc{, icpmd{ y iclm{xcp nmempcl1 lc xdvokohch kdklmcp, zdp {} zcpxm, {}mlm zpdh}kop zïphohc{ c}hoxowc{% Me cln}ed{ kc{d{, lc{ lm{odem{ z}mhme {mp iovxc{% M{xc{ lm{odem{ {}mlme {mp pmwmp{o`lm{ me lc icydpéc hm lc{ dkc{odem{ zdp {}zpm{oûe hml xpcxciomexd1 lc zïphohc c}hoxowc, {oe mi`cpnd, m{ }e hcód zmpicemexm% Cln}ed{ gãpickd{, kdid ld{ cexo`oûxokd{ y ld{ kdpxokdohm{ dxdlûnokd{, z}mhme dponoecp lm{odem{ c}hoxowc{ xûzokc{, c eowml wm{xo`}lcp d c eowml kdklmcp, {mnòe ml kc{d% M{xd{ gãpickd{ {m pmkdedkme kdid cnmexm{ dxdxûvokd{% Dxpd{ gãpickd{ ed ldkclm{, kdid ld{ cexo`oûxokd{ cioednl}kû{ohd{, ld{ COEM{, lc kldpds}oec y lc s}oeoec, lc `lmdiokoec, ml ko{zlcxoed y ml kcp`dzlcxoed, ml zpdzcedldl, lc oiozpcioec, ml imhpdvozpdnm{xmpdec, lc `}imxc) eohc, ml ãkohd mxckpéeokd, lc g}pd{miohc y lc zozmpcxoec, {de kczckm{ hm dponoecp dxdxdvokohch hm dponme {o{xï) iokd, edpiclimexm zdp hmnpchckoûe lmexc y zmp{o{xmexm hm lc{ kïl}lc{ kolochc{ s}m kde{xox}yme ml ûpnced hm Kdpxo% Cln}ed{ hm m{xd{ gãpickd{, kdid ld{ {clokolcxd{, z}mhme dponoecp dponoecp wïpxond y icpmd{% Mgmkxd{ edkowd{ {d`pm ml n}{xd% Hm gdpic nmempcl, ld{ cexo{ïzxokd{ `}kclm{ xûzokd{ z}mhme dponoecp {me{ckoûe hm s}micrûe, oppoxckoûe hm lc i}kd{c `}kcl y clxmpckodem{ hml n}{xd% Ld{ OMKC{, ld{ gãpickd{ cexokdloeïpnokd{, cexokdloeïpnokd{, ld{ cexomiïxokd{, cexomiïxokd{, ld{ fozd) lozmiocexm{ y lc{ {}lgdeol}pmc{ xci`oïe z}mhme zpdh}kop clxmpckoûe hml n}{xd% Ml imxpdeohcrdl, zdp {} zcpxm, z}mhm zpdwdkcp {c`dp imxãlokd% Mgmkxd{ edkowd{ {d`pm ml dlgcxd% Ld{ hm{kdenm{xodecexm{ chpmeïpnokd{ xûzokd{ z}mhme zpdh}kop {ms}mhch y zokdp c eowml hm lc i}kd{c ec{cl, chmiã{ hm kdenm{xoûe hm pm`dxm y {me{ckoûe hm s}micrûe% Dxpd{ gãpickd{, kdid lc kldpfmvohoec, ml holxoc) rme, lc m{xpmzxdiokoec, lc eogmzohoec y lc xopdxpokoec, z}mhme oeh}kop hm gdpic {o{xïiokc k}chpd{ hm ced{ioc &zïphohc d ho{ioe}koûe hml {mexohd hml dlgcxd/ d ho{d{ioc &clxmpckoûe hml dlgcxd, kde lc kde{mk}mexm czcpokoûe czcpokoûe hm dldpm{ cedpiclm{/%
) 33> )
XXMIC MIC 88;% ;% MMzohmio zohmiod ldnnéc éc hhm m llc{ c{ ooexdvokckodem{ exdvokckodem{ ccn}hc{% n}hc{% oddld dldnéc C exxéhdxd{ éhdxd{ yy ccexcndeo{xc{ excndeo{xc{ xxdvokdlûnokd{% dvokdlûnookd{% kd{% Cexéhdxd{ Ce xdvokdlûn Me lc ckx}clohch, mvo{xme clpmhmhdp hm 3::%::: kdiz}m{xd{ kczckm{ hm zpdh}kop xdvokohch me ml {mp f}iced, mexpm ld{ s}m {m oekl}yme {}{xcekoc{ y pmckxowd{ s}éiokd{ hm }{d lc`dpcl, imhokcimexd{, zlcn}okohc{, kd{) iïxokd{ y zpdh}kxd{ hm }{d hdiï{xokd &zpdh}kxd{ hm loizomrc2 EF 8DF, lmbéc{, mxk%/% Me lc icydpéc hm ld{ kc{d{, m{xc{ oexdvokckodem{ {}mlme dponoecp xpc{xdped{ cn}hd{ hm k}p{d pãzohd y mgmkxd{ {mwmpd{% Me dxpc{ dkc{odem{, i}kfd imed{ gpmk}mexm{, czcpmkme oexdvokckodem{ kpûeokc{ hm mgmkxd{ edpiclimexm lmwm{ y pmwmp{o`lm{ c}es}m iã{ zpdldenchd{ me ml xomizd% Ld{ k}chpd{ hm oexdvokckoûe cn}hc kdizpmehme }ec hm lc{ zpoekozclm{ kc}{c{ hm c{o{xmekoc fd{zoxclcpoc c eowml i}ehocl% Me k}cls}omp kc{d, ml mgmkxd xûvokd hm }ec hmxmpioechc {}{xcekoc m{ hmzmehomexm hm lc kdekmexpckoûe hml zpdh}kxd me ml dpnceo{id, `ã{okcimexm me ml l}ncp hdehm pm{ohme ld{ pmkmzxdpm{ hm kdexckxd d rdec hm ckkoûe, y hm {} xomizd hm }{d% Ld{ cnmexm{ }xolo) rchd{ zcpc ml xpcxciomexd hm lc{ oexdvokckodem{ oexdvokckodem{ cn}hc{ {m kdedkme kdid cexéhdxd{ d cexcndeo{xc{ xdvokd) lûnokd{% Hm gdpic nmempcl, lc{ oexdvokckodem{ kpûeokc{ ed pms}ompme xpcxciomexd xmpczï}xokd% Me ld{ cód{ =:, lc{ oexdvokckodem{ cn}hc{ cn}hc{ mpce gpmk}mexm{ kdid kde{mk}mekoc hml kdexckxd hopmkxd kde zpd) h}kxd{ hm }{d hdiï{xokd, g}ehcimexclimexm cnmexm{ kã}{xokd{ y ml ideûvohd hm kcp`ded, KD, zpdkmhmexm hml nc{ ecx}pcl% Me ld{ cód{ 7: y >:, mpce i}y kdi}em{ lc{ oexdvokckodem{ cn}hc{ zdp mxolo{id &oenm{xoûe ic{owc hm clkdfdl mxélokd/ y zdp imhokcimexd{ hmzpm{dpm{ hml [EK, edpiclimexm `cp`oxòpokd{% Zd{xmpodp) imexm, me lc hïkchc hm ld{ 6: {m mvxmehoû ml c`}{d hm lc fmpdéec1 chmiã{, mpce gpmk}mexm{ lc{ oexdvokckod) em{ zdp imhokcimexd{ imhokcimexd{ xpces}olorcexm{, kdid lc{ `merdhocrmzoec{% `merdhocrmzoec{% Fdy me héc, {m icexomeme lc{ zpdzdpkod) em{ hm oexdvokckodem{ cn}hc{ hm }pnmekoc{ zdp mxolo{id y lc{ pmlckodechc{ kde c`}{d hm hpdnc{ hm c`}{d c}imexce% [oe mi`cpnd, lc{ oexdvokckodem{ imhokcimexd{c{ {}mlme {mp imed{ fc`ox}clm{, c}es}m hm{xckce ld{ k}chpd{ zcxdlûnokd{ dponoechd{ zdp {d`pmhd{o{ hm cexohmzpm{owd{ cexohmzpm{owd{ xpokéklokd{%
Cexéhdxd{ y cexcndeo{xc{ xdvokdlûnokd{% Ld{ cexéhdxd{ {de {}{xcekoc{ s}m ckxòce hopmkxcimexm {d`pm }e hmxmpioechd xûvokd, {oe clxmpcp ld{ pmkmzxd) pm{ mehûnmed{ hml dpnceo{id% [} imkceo{id hm ckkoûe {m `c{c me xpm{ zpmio{c{ `ã{okc{, c {c`mp2 Hm{xp}kkoûe d xpce{gdpickoûe s}éiokc hml xûvokd me zpdh}kxd{ hm xdvokohch e}lc% @lds}md hml zc{d hml xûvokd c lc {cenpm% Xpce{gdpickoûe Xpce{gdpickoûe hml xûvokd me zpdh}kxd{ hm imedp xdvokohch% Ld{ cexcndeo{xc{, zdp dxpc zcpxm, {de {}{xcekoc{ s}m ckxòce hm gdpic m{zmkégokc d oem{zmkégokc {d`pm ld{ pmkmzxdpm{ mehûnmed{ hml dpnceo{id, oefo`omehd hm gdpic oehopmkxc lc ckkoûe hm }e hmxmpioechd xûvokd d cnmexm cndeo{xc, me ml kc{d s}m ed{ dk}zc% Ld{ cexcndeo{xc{ m{zmkégokd{ mbmpkme {} ckkoûe hm gdpic zpodpo) xcpoc {d`pm ml io{id pmkmzxdp s}m ml cndeo{xc, `lds}mcehd hm m{xm idhd {} ckkoûe xûvokc1 ld{ cexcndeo{xc{ oem{zmkégokd{, zdp dxpc zcpxm, ckxòce {d`pm pmkmzxdpm{ ho{xoexd{ c ld{ hml cnmexm xûvokd zpdh}komehd }ec ck) koûe dz}m{xc% Me k}cls}omp kc{d, {} imkceo{id hm ckkoûe {m `c{c me k}cxpd zpmio{c{ `ã{okc{, c {c`mp2 Oekpmimexd hm lc mloioeckoûe hml xûvokd% @lds}md d pmxpc{d me lc gdpickoûe hm imxc`dloxd{ xûvokd{ zdp kdizmxmekoc imxc`ûlokc% imxc`ûlokc% @lds}md zdp kdizmxmekoc kde pmkmzxdpm{ m{zmkégokd{% Pmk}zmpckoûe Pmk}zmpckoûe d {}zmpckoûe hml mgmkxd g}ekodecl%
) 336 )
) 33? )
XXMIC MIC 888% 8% C {o{xmmekoc ekoc yy xxpcxciomexd p cxciomexd mme e llc{ c{ ooexdvokckodem{ exdvvokckodem{ okckodem{ cn }hc{% cnn}hc{% C{o{xmekoc C{o{x oexd Hm gdpic nmempcl, cexm }ec zd{o`lm oexdvokckoûe cn}hc, ml {ceoxcpod hm`m llmwcp c kc`d }ec pãzohc wcldpckoûe kléeokc hm lc{ g}ekodem{ woxclm{ hml zckomexm1 chmiã{, hm`me pmclorcp{m lc{ kdppmkkodem{ zmpxoemexm{ hm lc{ clxmpckodem{ kcphodwc{k}lcpm{, kcphodwc{k}lcpm{, pm{zopcxdpoc{, em}pdlûnokc{ y hml ms}olo`pod mlmkxpdléxokd y imxc`ûlokd% Hm gdpic iã{ m{zmkégokc, {m pms}ompm2 3/ kdexpdlcp ld{ eowmlm{ hm c`{dpkoûe hml xûvokd, 0/ em}xpclorcp, `lds}mcp d wdlwmp oedk}d cl cnmexm xûvokd c eowml gcpickdlûnokd, y ;/ gcwdpmkmp lc mloioeckoûe hml xûvokd imhocexm ho}pm{o{ ho}pm{o{ pmecl d hmz}pckoûe mvxpcppmecl% Zcpc kdexpdlcp ld{ eowmlm{ hm c`{dpkoûe hm }e xûvokd {m {}mlme czlokcp hd{ iïxdhd{ ho{xoexd{, c {c`mp2 Mizlmd hm cnmexm{ miïxokd{% Ld{ cnmexm{ miïxokd{ {de oeh}kxdpm{ hml wûioxd, {omehd ld{ iã{ fc`ox}clm{ ml bcpc`m hm ozmkck}cec, chioeo{xpchd zdp wéc dpcl, y lc czdidpgoec, chioeo{xpchd zdp wéc {}`k}xãemc% [de fc`ox}clm{ me ml xpcxciomexd hm lc{ oexdvokckodem{ hm xozd nc{xpdoexm{xoecl% Hm gdpic nmempcl, ld{ miïxokd{ ed hm`me chioeo{xpcp{m e}ekc xpc{ 6 fdpc{ hml idimexd hm lc oexdvokckoûe1 chmiã{, h}pcexm ml xpcxciomexd, ml zckomexm hm`m zmpicemkmp kdizlmxcimexm kdizlmxcimexm kde{komexm% Ld{ miïxokd{, zdp dxpc zcpxm, m{xãe kdexpcoe) hokchd{ me kc{d{ hm kc}{xokckoûe y me oexdvokckodem{ zdp gãpickd{ ckxowd{ hml [EK, kdid ld{ `cp`o) xòpokd{ y lc{ `merdhocrmzoec{% Xcizdkd {de pmkdimehc`lm{ me i}bmpm{ mi`cpcrchc{, me eoód{ imedpm{ hm 7 im{m{ y me zckomexm{ me m{xchd kdicxd{d%
) 30: )
Ld{ zpoekozclm{ mgmkxd{ chwmp{d{ hml bcpc`m hm ozmkck}cec y lc czdidpgoec {de2 icpmd, lmxcpnoc dkc) {odecl, hocppmc y, me pcpc{ dkc{odem{, wûioxd oekdexpdlc`lm% Me ld{ kc{d{ iã{ npcwm{ z}mhme zpdh}) kop kdlcz{d{ y xpc{xdped{ kcphéckd{% Lc czdidpgoec, chmiã{, z}mhm zpdwdkcp hmzpm{oûe pm{zopcxdpoc y em}pdlûnokc, s}m {}mlm xpcxcp{m imhocexm lc chioeo{xpckoûe hm ecldvdec, cexcndeo{xc hm ld{ cnme) xm{ dzoãkmd{% Lcwchd nã{xpokd% Ml lcwchd nã{xpokd m{ }ec xïkeokc hm loizomrc m{xdickcl `c{chc me lc chioeo{xpckoûe hm cexéhdxd{ d cexcndeo{xc{ xdvokdlûnokd{, {mnòe ml kc{d, ckdizcóchd{ hm cn}c d {}mpd go{odlûnokd imhocexm lc oe) xpdh}kkoûe hm }ec {dehc ec{dnã{xpokc, kde ml goe hm mvxpcmp lc{ zd{o`lm{ {}{xcekoc{ edkowc{ &imho) kcimexd{, xûvokd{, wmemed{, mxk%/% Zdp mbmizld, me oexdvokckodem{ cn}hc{ zdp koce}pd {m {}mlm mi) zlmcp xod{}lgcxd {ûhokd cl 0=-, me oexdvokckodem{ zdp fomppd {m }xolorc hm{gmppdvocioec, me oexdvokckod) em{ zdp ãkohd dvãlokd pm{}lxc fc`ox}cl ml }{d hm nl}kdecxd kãlkokd, me oexdvokckodem{ zdp gû{gdpd {m mizlmc {}lgcxd hm kd`pm, y me oexdvokckodem{ zdp ydhd {m }xolorc cliohûe% Ml lcwchd nã{xpokd m{ ml iïxdhd hm mlmkkoûe me zckomexm{ oekde{komexm{1 {oe mi`cpnd, m{xã kdexpcoehokchd k}cehd ml zckome) xm zpm{mexc k}chpd{ miïxokd{, kdew}l{odem{ d lm{odem{ nc{xpdm{dgãnokc{% Hm`m llmwcp{m c kc`d h}) pcexm lc{ 8 fdpc{ hm{z}ï{ hm lc oexdvokckoûe% Zcpc em}xpclorcp, `lds}mcp d wdlwmp oedk}d cl cnmexm xûvokd c eowml gcpickdlûnokd pm{}lxc òxol ml }{d hm kcp) nc{xpdoexm{xoecl k}cehd `ûe ckxowd, kdiz}m{xd ch{dp`mexm kczcr hm kczxcp lc{ {}{xcekoc{ xûvokc{ hml xpckxd nc{xpdoexm{xoecl m{ chioeo{xpchd zdp wéc dpcl% M{xm cnmexm gdpic zcpxm hml hmedioechd cexéhdxd }eowmp{cl, kdiz}m{xd zdp kcp`ûe ckxowd, kdid yc s}mhc hokfd, ûvohd hm icnem{od y ãkohd xãeokd me }ec zpdzdpkoûe 0$3$3% Ml kcp`ûe ckxowd pm{}lxc i}y òxol me lc{ oexdvokckodem{ cn}hc{ zdp {clokolcxd{, gmed`cp`oxcl, zcpckmxcidl, cexohmzpm{owd{ cexohmzpm{owd{ xpokéklokd{, hondvoec, xmdgoloec, hogmeolfohcexdéec y zopdvokci% Lc{ oexdvokckodem{ zdp zcpckmxcidl, me lc icyd) péc hm ld{ kc{d{, {oe mi`cpnd, {}mlme xpcxcp{m kde E)ckmxolko{xméec, s}m zpdzdpkodec np}zd{ xodl &[F/ kczc) km{ hm pmnmempcp ml nl}xcxode imxc`dlorchd, zpoekozcl zpdxmkxdp mehûnmed fmzãxokd% Zdp dxpc zcpxm, ml kcp`ûe ckxowd m{xã kdexpcoehokchd me lc{ oexdvokckodem{ zdp kc}{xokckoûe, kdppd{oûe, mxcedl, imxcedl, mxolmenlokdl, hmpowchd{ hml zmxpûlmd, koce}pd, fomppd, loxod, iclcxoûe y imxdxpmvcxd% Dkc{odeclimexm, lc chioeo{xpckoûe hm kcp`ûe ckxowd z}mhm dponoecp k}chpd{ hm m{xpmóoiomexd% Me zckomexm{ zmhoãxpokd{, k}cehd ml }{d hm kcp`ûe ckxowd ed pm{}lxc czpdzochd, ml cnmexm xûvokd {}mlm mvxpcmp{m imhocexm lc chioeo{xpckoûe pmkxcl hm lés}ohd{ d {dl}kodem{ {cloec{ kde memic, kde ml goe hm gcwdpmkmp {} {clohc hml dpnceo{id% M{xm zpdkm{d ed m{ i}y fc`ox}cl me ml xpcxciomexd hm oexdvokckodem{ cn}hc{ cn}hc{ y, me dkc{odem{, z}mhm dponoecp oppoxckoûe c eowml cecl% Zcpc gcwdpmkmp lc mloioeckoûe hm ld{ cnmexm{ xûvokd{ {m {}mlme czlokcp hd{ iïxdhd{ ho{xoexd{, c {c`mp2 Ho}pm{o{ pmecl% Lc ho}pm{o{ pmecl m{ }e iïxdhd gdprchd hm mloioeckoûe hm {}{xcekoc{ hml dpnceo{id oeh}kohc zdp cnmexm{ ho}pïxokd{, s}m {de {}{xcekoc{ gcpickdlûnokcimexm oempxm{ s}m {m golxpce me ml nldiïp}ld y ed {m pmc`{dp`me me ml pm{xd hm lc emgpdec% Mbmpkme {} zpoekozcl mgmkxd me ml xò`}ld zpdvoicl, hdehm pmxomeme cn}c hm`ohd c lc zpm{oûe d{iûxokc mbmpkohc% Lc kde{mk}mekoc iã{ oizdpxcexm m{ ml c}ime) xd hm lc mvkpmkoûe hm cn}c, kde }e oekpmimexd pmlcxowcimexm zms}mód hm lc mvkpmkoûe hm {dhod, fckfd s}m gcwdpmkm lc {clohc hm ld{ xûvokd{ hml dpnceo{id% M{xm imkceo{id pm{}lxc mgokcr zcpc mlo) ioecp xûvokd{ hm zms}mód xcicód &ZI < >: aHc/, fohpd{dl}`lm{ y gãkolimexm odeorc`lm{, zpmgmpo`lm) imexm lo`pm{, m{ hmkop, ed }eohd{ c zpdxméec{ zlc{iãxokc{ &< =:-/% M{xm fmkfd czcpmkm kdexpcoeho) kchd me kc{d{ hm oe{}gokomekoc pmecl y kcphockc, y me zckomexm{ kde mhmic z}lidecp d fmzcxdzcxéc{ hmgoeohc{, yc {mce cn}hc{ d kpûeokc{% Me lc icydpéc hm ld{ kc{d{, ld{ cnmexm{ ho}pïxokd{ {de {}{) xcekoc{ ãkohc{ &kldp}pd hm cideod, kldp}pd hm cpnoeoec, ãkohd c{kûp`okd, mxk%/ d clkcloec{ &`okcp`dec) xd {ûhokd, lckxcxd hm {dhod, oefo`ohdpm{ hm lc meroic lckxcxd hm{fohpdnmec{c, mxk%/ kczckm{ hm clxmpcp ml zF hm lc dpoec, gcwdpmkomehd lc mloioeckoûe hm ld{ xûvokd{% ]ec ckohogokckoûe hm lc dpoec zmpioxm mloioecp xûvokd{ hm kcpãkxmp clkcloed, iomexpc{ s}m }ec clkcloeorckoûe hm lc dpoec ldnpc mloioecp xûvo) kd{ ãkohd{% Me m{xm {mexohd, mvo{xme xpm{ wcpocexm{ hm ld{ imkceo{id{ ho}pïxokd{, c {c`mp2 Ho}pm{o{ em}xpc% Imkceo{id ho}pïxokd s}m icexomem icexomem kde{xcexm{ lc{ kdehokodem{ hm zF c eowml hm lc dpoec% Gcwdpmkm lc mloioeckoûe hm loxod, xclod, x clod, zcpcs}cx y cioeoxc{% Ho}pm{o{ ãkohc% Imkceo{id ho}pïxokd s}m ho{ioe}ym lc{ kdehokodem{ hm zF c eowml hm lc dpoec &ckohogokckoûe hm lc dpoec/% Gcwdpmkm lc mloioeckoûe hm s}oeoec, s}oeohoec y cegmxcioec{1 me m{xm òlxoid kc{d {m hm`m wonolcp lc iodnld`oe}poc &mvkpmkoûe hm iodnld`oec me lc dpoec c kc}{c hm }ec iodnld`oemioc zpdkmhmexm hm lc hm{xp}kkoûe hm lc i}{k}lcx}pc m{xpochc/ zcpc zpmwmeop lc oe{}gokomekoc pmecl% Ho}pm{o{ `ã{okc% Imkceo{id ho}pïxokd s}m c}imexc lc{ kdehokodem{ hm zF c eowml hm lc dpoec &clkcloeorckoûe hm lc dpoec/% Gcwdpmkm lc mloioeckoûe hm gmed`cp`oxcl, `cp`oxcl, {clokolcxd{ y imxdxpmvcxd%
) 303 )
Hmz}pckoûe mvxpcppmecl% Lc hmz}pckoûe mvxpcppmecl m{ }e iïxdhd hm z}pogokckoûe hm lc {cenpm s}m gcwdpmkm lc mloioeckoûe hm {}{xcekoc{ xûvokc{ hml dpnceo{id% Pm{}lxc czlokc`lm me oexdvokckodem{ cn}hc{ npcwm{, g}ehcimexcl) imexm zdp xmdgoloec y imxcedl% C{oio{id, m{ oemgokcr zcpc xûvokd{ npcehm{ kdid hondvoec, zcpcs}cx d cexohmzpm{owd{ xpokéklokd{% Me lc ckx}clohch, {m pmkdedkme howmp{c{ xïkeokc{ hm hmz}pckoûe mvxpc) ppmecl, {omehd lc{ iã{ fc`ox}clm{2 Fmidhoãlo{o{% Lc fmidhoãlo{o{ m{ }ec xïkeokc hm hmz}pckoûe {cen}éemc mvxpckdpzûpmc s}m {m }xolorc me lc oe{}gokomekoc pmecl cn}hc d kpûeokc xmpioecl y s}m {}zlm lc{ {on}omexm{ g}ekodem{2 mvkpmkoûe hm {dl}xd{, mloioeckoûe hml lés}ohd pmxmeohd y pmn}lckoûe hml ms}olo`pod ãkohd)`c{m y mlmkxpdlé) xokd% M{xm zpdkmhoiomexd ed {}zlm lc{ g}ekodem{ mehdkpoec{ mehdkpoec{ eo imxc`ûlokc{ imxc`ûlokc{ hml poóûe% p oóûe% Kde{o{) xm me ml kdexckxd, c xpcwï{ hm }ec imi`pcec {miozmpimc`lm, oe{xclchc me ml hoclorchdp d gol) xpd hm fmidhoãlo{o{, hm lc {cenpm hml zckomexm, kde }e lés}ohd hm hoãlo{o{ &hoclorchd/ hm kcpck) xmpé{xokc{ zpmhmxmpioechc{% zpmhmxmpioechc{% Lc imi`pcec zmpioxm s}m kopk}lme c xpcwï{ hm mllc ml cn}c y ld{ {dl}xd{ hm zms}mód y imhoced zm{d idlmk}lcp, y ed dxpd{, kdid lc{ zpdxméec{ y lc{ kïl}lc{ {cen}éemc{% Ld{ imkceo{id{ gé{okd{ me s}m {m `c{c m{xc xïkeokc {de ld{ hm hog}{oûe d xpce{zdpxm zdp kdeh}kkoûe y lc }lxpcgolxpckoûe d xpce{zdpxm zdp kdewmkkoûe% Pm{}lxc mgokcr me lc mloioeckoûe hm zms}mód{ xûvokd{ &ZI < = aHc/, fohpd{dl}`lm{ y zpmgmpo`lmimexm lo`pm{, m{ hmkop, ed }eohd{ c zpdxméec{ zlc{iãxokc{ &< =:-/% M{xã oehokchc me kc{d{ hm oexdvokckoûe zdp {clokolcxd{, imxcedl, mxcedl, loxod, xclod, `pdi}pd y mxolmenlokdl me {ox}ckodem{ hm oe{}gokome) koc pmecl% Me cln}ed{ kc{d{, z}mhm kdellmwcp lc czcpokoûe hm fozdxme{oûe, fozdxmpioc, fozd) kdcn}lc`olohch m oekl}{d pom{nd hm oegmkkodem{% Fmidzmpg}{oûe% Lc fmidzmpg}{oûe m{ }ec xïkeokc hm gobckoûe hm xdvoec{ zlc{iãxokc{ {d`pm cnmexm{ ch{dp) `mexm{, kdid ml kcp`ûe ckxowd, imhocexm kopk}lckoûe mvxpckdpzûpmc% [m }xolorc, {d`pm xdhd, me oexdvokckodem{ cn}hc{ zdp {}{xcekoc{ zms}móc{ &ZI 9 =:: Hc/, lozd{dl}`lm{ y hm mlmwchc kczckohch hm }eoûe c zpdxméec{ &5 =:-/% Me m{xm {mexohd, m{xã oehokchc me oexdvokckodem{ zdp gmed`cp`oxcl, `cp`oxcl y dxpd{ `cp`oxòpokd{, chmiã{ hm honoxdvoec, xmdgoloec, L)xopdvoec y ciceoxoec{% Me cln}ed{ kc{d{, {} czlokckoûe z}mhm hmxmpioecp lc czcpokoûe hm fozdxme{oûe, fozdxmpioc, fozdkdcn}lc`olohch, pom{nd hm oegmkkodem{, chmiã{ hm zlcs}mxdzmeoc, fozdkcl) kmioc m fozdnl}kmioc% Zlc{icgïpm{o{% Lc zlc{icgïpm{o{ m{ }ec xïkeokc `c{chc me lc d`xmekoûe hml zlc{ic {cen}éemd c xpcwï{ hm {mzcpchdpm{ kml}lcpm{, kde lc hmwdl}koûe cl zckomexm hml pm{xd hm ld{ kdizdemexm{ kml}lcpm{ hm lc {cenpm% Z}mhm }xolorcp{m kdid xïkeokc hm d`xmekoûe hm zlc{ic hm hdecexm, kde }ec mvxpckkoûe hm 7:: il, kde goem{ xpce{g}{odeclm{1 d kdid zlc{icgïpm{o{ xmpczï}xokc, s}m {}) zdem lc {mzcpckoûe y mloioeckoûe hml megmpid hm }e wdl}ime on}cl d {}zmpodp c {} wdl}ime zlc{iãxokd, kde ml goe hm mloioecp }e kde{xox}ymexm zlc{iãxokd cedpicl d czdpxcp }e kdizd) emexm zlc{iãxokd edpicl, me ml s}m ml megmpid {mc hmgokoxcpod% Pm{}lxc òxol me lc mloioeckoûe hm xûvokd{ hm mlmwchc }eoûe c zpdxméec{ zlc{iãxokc{ &5 =:-/% C eowml xmpczï}xokd, hchd s}m m{ }e zpdkm{d i}y kdizlmbd, òeokcimexm {m llmwc c kc`d me kc{d{ hm oexdvokckoûe zdp fdp) idec{ xopdohmc{, ciceoxoec{ y xûvokd{ imxcfmidnld`oeorcexm imxcfmidnld`oeorcexm{, {, kdid ld{ eoxpoxd{% Me cln}ed{ kc{d{, {} czlokckoûe z}mhm hmxmpioecp lc czcpokoûe hm {mz{o{, fozdkclkmioc, fozdxmpioc, hm{ms}olo`pod{ hm{ms}olo`pod{ mlmkxpdléxokd{ y fmzcxoxo{% Mvcen}oedxpce{g}{oûe% Lc mvcen}oedxpce{g}{oûe m{ }ec xïkeokc s}m {m pmclorc g}ehcimexclimexm me lc megmpimhch fmidléxokc hml pmkoïe eckohd &MFPE/% M{ i}y zdkd fc`ox}cl me ml xpcxciomexd hm oexdvokckod) em{ cn}hc{1 me m{xm {mexohd, {ûld {m czlokc me oexdvokckodem{ oexdvokckodem{ zdp xûvokd{ x ûvokd{ s}m zpdh}kme }ec imxcfmidnld`oemioc {}zmpodp cl 8:-, kdid ld{ eoxpoxd{, y me cs}mlld{ s}m zpdwdkce oe{}go) komekoc fmzcxdkml}lcp, fmzcxdkml}lcp, kdid zdp mbmizld ml gû{gdpd `lcekd y lc{ ciceoxoec{% [}zdem lc {}{xo) x}koûe hm fc{xc ml ?:- hm lc zpdzoc {cenpm hml zckomexm zdp lc {cenpm hm }e hdecexm% Lc {cenpm s}m {m xpce{g}ehm ed hm`m xmemp iã{ hm 86 fdpc{ hm clickmeciomexd y hm`m xpce{) g}ehop{m c xpcwï{ hm kclmexchdpm{ m{zmkoclm{, zcpc mwoxcp ld{ npcwm{ pom{nd{ s}m lc {cenpm gpéc kdellmwc me ml zckomexm%
) 300 )
XXMIC MIC 88=% exdvokckodem{ ccn}hc n}hc{ dp i mhokcimexd{% c{ zzdp 8==%% OOexdvokckodem{ imhokcimexd{% Me lc ckx}clohch, lc{ oexdvokckodem{ cn}hc{ zdp imhokcimexd{ czcpmkme dponoechc{, me lc icydpéc hm ld{ kc{d{, zdp {clokolcxd{, `cp`oxòpokd{, `merdhocrmzoec{, `merdhocrmzoec{, cexohmzpm{owd{ cexohmzpm{owd{ y zcpckmxcidl% zcpckmxcidl% M{xd{ gãpickd{ {de i}y fc`ox}clm{ me ml impkchd y, zdp ld xcexd, {} chioeo{xpckoûe hm`m {mp kdexpdlchc y idhmpchc zcpc mwoxcp ld{ zd{o`lm{ mgmkxd{ emncxowd{ {d`pm ml zckomexm s}m ld{ chs}ompm%
Oexdvokckodem{ zdp {clokolcxd{% Ld{ {clokolcxd{ {de {clm{ hml ãkohd {clokélokd &ãkohd fohpdvo`merdokd/ s}m {}mlme mizlmcp{m mizlmcp{m c eowml xmpczï}xokd kdid ceclnï{okd{, cexozopïxokd{ y cexooeglcicxdpod{, {omehd ml gãpickd iã{ pmzpm{mexcxowd ml ãkohd ckmxol{clo) kélokd &CC[/% Ml CC[ m{ }e ãkohd hï`ol &zAc 9 ;%=/ s}m {m c`{dp`m kde pczohmr me ml m{xûicnd, me {} gdpic ed ho{dkochc &gdpic idlmk}lcp/% Me ml oexm{xoed hmlnchd lc c`{dpkoûe m{ iã{ lmexc, c}es}m kdizlmxc% Lc oenm{xc ic{owc hm kdizpoiohd{ z}mhm oeh}kop lc gdpickoûe hm kdenldimpchd{ s}m gpmeme {} c`{dpkoûe% Xci`oïe fcy }e pmxpc{d me lc c`{dpkoûe nã{xpokc k}cehd {m oenompme zpmzcpchd{ kdimpkoclm{ hm c`{dpkoûe oexm{xoecl c{é kdid me zpm{mekoc hm `okcp`decxd{, yc s}m me ci`d{ kc{d{, lc idhogokckoûe hml zF y ml kde{o) n}omexm c}imexd hm lc{ gdpic{ ho{dkochc{, ho{ioe}yme {} kczckohch hm c`{dpkoûe% Dxpd gckxdp hm melmexm) koiomexd hm lc c`{dpkoûe m{ ml mgmkxd oefo`oxdpod s}m xomem lc c{zopoec {d`pm ml wckochd nã{xpokd% C hd{o{ xmpc) zï}xokc{, ml zokd zlc{iãxokd {m clkcerc c lc{ 3)0 fdpc{, zmpd me {d`pmhd{o{ ed {m ldnpc fc{xc lc{ 8)7 fdpc{% Ml CC[ {m fohpdlorc pãzohcimexm c ãkohd {clokélokd y ãkohd ckïxokd c xpcwï{ hm lc{ meroic{ m{xmpc{c{ fmzãxo) kc{, honm{xowc{, zlc{iãxokc{ y mpoxpdkoxcpoc{, g}ehcimexclimexm% g}ehcimexclimexm% C lc{ hd{o{ fc`ox}clm{, }e clxd zdpkmexcbm hm c{zopoec kopk}lc }eohc c zpdxméec{ zlc{iãxokc{ &6:)?:-/, g}ehcimexclimexm cl`òioec, ho{ioe}ymehd fc{xc }e >:- d imed{ k}cehd {m clkcerce kdekmexpckodem{ xûvokc{% ]ec zms}móc zpdzdpkoûe &0%=-/ hm ãkohd {clokélokd ed {m imxc`dlorc, mvkpmxãehd{m oeclxmpchd zdp wéc pmecl% Ml pm{xd {m wm {dimxohd c ld{ gmeûimed{ hm kdeb}nckoûe fmzãxokc% M{xd{ imkceo{id{ {de {cx}pc`lm{, zdp ld s}m c imhohc s}m c}imexc lc npcwmhch hm lc oexdvokckoûe {m oekpmimexc xci`oïe lc zpdzdpkoûe hm {clokélokd mloioechd me {} gdpic lo`pm c xpcwï{ hm lc dpoec% Xdhd mlld oegl}ym me lc {miowohc hm mloioeckoûe, s}m c hd{o{ xmpczï}xokc{ m{ hm 0)8 fdpc{, iomexpc{ s}m me lc{ oexdvokckodem{ ed xpcxchc{ z}mhm clcpncp{m c 36);7 fdpc{% Lc mvkpmkoûe, c eowml pmecl, {m llmwc c kc`d zdp golxpckoûe golxp ckoûe nldimp}lcp y zd{xmpodp pmc`{dpkoûe p mc`{dpkoûe x}`}lcp, {omehd clxcimexm oegl}mekoc`lm zdp kci`od{ me ml zF }poecpod% Lc oexdvokckoûe cn}hc zdp CC[ {}mlm dponoecp }e k}chpd kdedkohd kdid {clokolmioc, czlokc`lm nmeïpokcimexm cl pm{xd hm ld{ {clokolcxd{, s}m k}p{c kde eã}{mc{ y wûioxd{, {me{ckoûe hm kcldp kde p}`mgckkoûe &{me{ckoûe hm s}micrûe/, fozmpxmpioc, xcs}ozemc m fozmpwmexolckoûe, chmiã{ hm clxmpckodem{ em}pd{me{dpoclm{ kdid wïpxond y r}i`ohd hm déhd{% Me ld{ kc{d{ iã{ npcwm{, z}mhme czcpmkmp k}chpd{ kdew}l{owd{ m oekl}{d kd) ic% Lc fozmpwmexolckoûe {}mlm dponoecp, c {} wmr, clkcld{o{ pm{zopcxdpoc, g}ehcimexclimexm me oexdvokckodem{ lmwm{, s}m xomehm c kdizme{cp{m c xpcwï{ hm lc mvkpmkoûe pmecl hm `okcp`decxd{, ckdizcóãehd{m hm zïpho) hc{ hm {dhod, zdxc{od y cn}c &hm{fohpcxckoûe/% Me ml k}p{d mwdl}xowd czcpmkm }ec ckohd{o{ imxc`ûlokc zdp ck}i}lckoûe hm ãkohd{ dpnãeokd{ y zdp ld{ zpdzod{ imxc`dloxd{ hml CC[% Me zmhocxpéc m{ iã{ gpmk}mexm d`) {mpwcp m{xc {ox}ckoûe oeokoclimexm, {oe lc clkcld{o{ pm{zopcxdpoc, iã{ zpdzoc hm lc{ oexdvokckodem{ hm ld{ ch}l) xd{% Lc czcpokoûe hm }ec ckohd{o{ iovxc zdp ml hm{cppdlld hm }ec ckohd{o{ imxc`ûlokc zdp hmzpm{oûe pm{zopcxd) poc m{ {omizpm }e {oned hm npcwmhch% Lc oexdvokckoûe cn}hc zdp {clokolcxd{ pm{}lxû m{zmkoclimexm gpmk}mexm me zmhocxpéc h}pcexm lc hïkchc hm ld{ dkfmexc, zmpd lc zpdnpm{owc {}`{xox}koûe hm lc c{zopoec y ld{ mewc{chd{ hm icydp {mn}pohch pm{o{xmexm{ c lc iceoz}lckoûe hm ld{ eoód{, fce zpdzokochd }ec imedp ho{zdeo`olohch y, zdp mlld, }ec ho{ioe}koûe hm lc gpmk}mekoc hm oexdvokckodem{ cn}hc{% Lc mhch hml zckomexm &icydp pom{nd me eoód{ y cekoced{/ y, d`wocimexm, lc hd{o{ oenmpohc {de ld{ gckxdpm{ s}m iã{ oegl}yme me ml k}chpd kléeokd% Me lc ckx}clohch, ed {m kdedkm xpcxciomexd zcpc ld{ kc{d{ hm {clokolo{id% Me dkc{odem{, kde ml goe hm kdexpdlcp lc c`{dpkoûe hml {clokolcxd, pm{}lxc òxol lc chioeo{xpckoûe hm gãpickd{ miïxokd{, kdid ml bcpc`m hm ozmkck}cec, c}es}m xci`oïe z}mhm llmwcp{m c kc`d }e xpcxciomexd kde kcp`ûe ckxowd y clnòe cnmexm kcxãpxokd% C eowml hm lc mvkpmkoûe pmecl, lc ho}pm{o{ clkcloec gdprchc, c {} wmr, c}imexc lc{ kdehokodem{ hm zF c eowml hm lc dpoec &clkcloeorckoûe hm lc dpoec/ zdp ld s}m gcwdpmkm lc mloioeckoûe hm ld{ {clokolcxd{% Lc{ oexdvokckodem{ iã{ npc) wm{ pms}ompme xpcxciomexd hm fmidhoãlo{o{% fmidhoãlo{o{% Oexdvokckodem{ zdp `cp`oxòpokd{% Ld{ `cp`oxòpokd{ {de hmzpm{dpm{ hml {o{xmic empwod{d kmexpcl1 {oe mi`cpnd, mvo{xme ho{xoexc{ wcpomhchm{ s}m hogompme hm gdpic {oneogokcxowc me ld pmgmpmexm c {}{ mgmkxd{, wohc imhoc y xdvokohch% Me m{xm {mexohd, ld{ `cp) `oxòpokd{ hm ckkoûe kdpxc, kdid ml {mkd`cp`oxcl, ml zmexd`cp`oxcl y ml xodzmexcl, zpm{mexce }e xomizd hm {mio) wohc zlc{iãxokc oegmpodp c ; fdpc{% Ld{ `cp`oxòpokd{ hm ckkoûe oexmpimhoc, kdid ml cioed`cp`oxcl, ml `}xd`cp) `oxcl y ml `}xcl`oxcl, zdp {} zcpxm, zpm{mexce xomizd{ hm {miowohc hm ;)7 fdpc{, iomexpc{ s}m ld{ hm ckkoûe zpdldenchc, kdid ml gmed`cp`oxcl y ml `cp`oxcl, zpm{mexce xomizd{ {}zmpodpm{ c 7 fdpc{% Me k}cls}omp kc{d, ml `cp`oxòpokd iã{ kdedkohd me lc ckx}clohch m{ ml gmed`cp`oxcl, zpoimp cexokdew}l{owd mgokcr oexpdh}kohd me lc imhokoec kléeokc% ) 30; )
Hm gdpic nmempcl, ld{ `cp`oxòpokd{ {m c`{dp`me c xpcwï{ hml xpckxd nc{xpdoexm{xoecl zdp hog}{oûe zc{owc ed oûeokc% C zcpxop hm ld{ ;: ioe}xd{ z}mhme hmxmkxcp{m eowmlm{ me {cenpm, c}es}m ml zokd iãvoid {m clkcerc c lc{ 8 fdpc{% Lc icydpéc {de imxc`dlorchd{ me ml fénchd, oeh}komehd cl {o{xmic iokpd{dicl Z8=: s}m cgmkxc c {} zpdzod imxc`dlo{id y cl hm dxpd{ gãpickd{% Ld{ `cp`oxòpokd{ hm ckkoûe kdpxc, iã{ lozd{dl}`lm{, {on}me }e zpdkm{d hm nl}k}pdeorckoûe cexm{ hm {mp mvkpmxchd{ zdp ml poóûe1 ld{ hm lcpnc ckkoûe, iã{ fohpd{dl}`lm{, {de imxclorchd{ zdp ml fénchd me imedp imhohc% Ml gmed`cp`oxcl, kde }e zA c hm >%0, m{ g}ehcimexclimexm mvkpmxchd zdp ml poóûe, oekpmimexãehd{m oekpmimexãehd{m {} mloioeckoûe mloioeckoûe kde lc clkcloeorckoûe }poecpoc% Lc gobckoûe c zpdxméec{ zlc{iãxokc{ m{ `cbc, {omehd zcpc ld{ `cp`oxòpokd{ hm ckkoûe zpdldenchc d oexmpimhoc hml =)0:-, y zcpc ld{ hm ckkoûe kdpxc y }lxpckdpxc {}zmpodp cl ;=-% Ld{ {éexdic{ iã{ fc`ox}clm{ hm lc oexdvokckoûe zdp `cp`oxòpokd{ {de, `ã{okcimexm2 mvkoxckoûe, oppoxc`olohch, llcexd oekdexpdlchd y czcpokoûe hm kdew}l{odem{% ]ec oexdvokckoûe npcwm zpdh}km hmzpm{oûe empwod{c c eowml kmexpcl y kcphodppm{zopcxdpoc% Lc i}mpxm hml zckomexm, me e}impd{d{ kc{d{, z}mhm {d`pmwmeop zdp zcpchc pm{zopcxdpoc d kcphockc% Me lc ckx}clohch, ed {m kdedkme cexéhdxd{ eo cexcndeo{xc{ me ml xpcxciomexd hm lc{ oexdvokckodem{ oexdvokckodem{ zdp `cp`oxòpokd{% Me dkc{odem{, pm{}lxc òxol ml lcwchd nã{xpokd &{omizpm cexm{ hm xpce{k}ppop lc{ 6 zpoimpc{ fdpc{ hm lc oexdvokckoûe/ oexdvokckoûe/ zcpc mwoxcp }ec icydp c`{dpkoûe hml gãpickd% Lc ho}pm{o{ clkcloec gdprc) hc, zdp {} zcpxm, gcwdpmkm lc mloioeckoûe c eowml pmecl hm ld{ `cp`oxòpokd{ hm ckkoûe zpdldenchc% K}cehd {m clkcerce wcldpm{ zlc{iãxokd{ zdxmekoclimexm lmxclm{ &5 7: in$L hm {cenpm/ {m pms}ompm }e xpcxciomexd hm hmz}pckoûe mvxpcppmecl, edpiclimexm fmidhoãlo{o{ d fmidzmpg}{oûe%
Oexdvokckodem{ zdp `merdhocrmzoec{% Lc{ `merdhocrmzoec{ &@HR/ {de gãpickd{ ce{odléxokd{ s}m {}mlme mizlmcp{m kdid xpces}olorcexm{ empwod) {d{% Z}mhme dponoecp hmzmehmekoc gé{okc y z{okdlûnokc, kde{xox}ymehd lc zpoekozcl kc}{c hm {}okohod hm dponme imhokcimexd{d imhokcimexd{d c eowml i}ehocl% M{xc{ oexdvokckodem{ {}mlme cnpcwcp{m kde ml kde{}id hm clkdfdl d gãpic) kd{ hmzpm{dpm{ hml [EK, kdid zdp mbmizld ml gmed`cp`oxcl y lc gmeoxdéec% Lc{ @HR iã{ fc`ox}clm{ {de ml hocrmzci, ml gl}eoxpcrmzci, ml kldecrmzci, ml xmicrmzci, ml dvcrmzci, ml ldpcrmzci, ml clzpcrdlci, ml xpocrdlci y ml kldphockmzûvohd% K}cehd {m }xolorce zcpc xpcxcp ld{ xpc{xdped{ hm ce{omhch d ml oe{dieod, lc{ @HR {m chioeo{xpce zdp wéc dpcl% Lc xc{c hm c`{dpkoûe hmzmehm hm wcpod{ gckxdpm{, kdid zdp mbmizld lc lozd{dl}`olohch lozd{dl}`olohch hml gãpickd% Me m{xm {mexohd, ml xpocrdlci y ml hocrmzci {m c`{dp`me pãzohcimexm me ml oexm{) xoed, iomexpc{ s}m ml dvcrmzci, ml ldpcrmzci d ml xmicrmzci {m c`{dp`me ic{ lmexcimexm% Lc{ @HR xom) eme }ec mlmwchc kczckohch hm }eoûe c zpdxméec{ zlc{iãxokc{ &>:)??-/% Ml imxc`dlo{id dvohcxowd iokpd{d) icl, c eowml fmzãxokd, m{ ml zpoekozcl imhod hm hmz}pckoûe d mloioeckoûe hm m{xd{ gãpickd{% Goeclimexm, ld{ imxc`dloxd{ nmempchd{ {de kdeb}nchd{ zdp nl}kdpd{olxpce{gmpc{c{ s}m dponoece kdiz}m{xd{ hm clxc fohpd{d) l}`olohch s}m {de mvkpmxchd{ hopmkxcimexm hopmkxcimexm c xpcwï{ hm lc dpoec% Ld{ {éexdic{ iã{ gpmk}mexm{ hm lc oexdvokckoûe cn}hc zdp @HR {de, `ã{okcimexm2 {diedlmekoc, oekddphoec) koûe idxdpc, fozdxme{oûe, hmzpm{oûe kcphodppm{zopcxdpoc y, me ld{ kc{d{ iã{ npcwm{, kdic, chmiã{ hm komp) xc{ clxmpckodem{ wo{}clm{% K}cehd {m oeokoc ml xpcxciomexd cexm{ hm lc{ 8 fdpc{ hm lc oexdvokckoûe, {m {}mlm llmwcp c kc`d }e lcwchd nã{xpokd ckdizcóchd hm lc chioeo{xpckoûe hm cnmexm{ kcxãpxokd{ y kcp`ûe ckxowd, kde ml goe hm ho{ioe}op lc kczckohch hm c`{dpkoûe hml xûvokd% Zdp {mp gãpickd{ odeorc`lm{ hï`olimexm hï`olimexm `ã{okd{, c eowml hm lc mloioeckoûe, z}mhm pm{}lxcp òxol lc ho}pm{o{ ãkohc gdprchc, c}es}m lc cklcpckoûe zlc{iãxokc kde) {mn}ohc ed {}mlm {mp i}y mlmwchc% [o mvo{xm kdic zpdg}ehd kde fozdxme{oûe, ml zckomexm hm`m {mp {dimxohd c wmexolckoûe c{o{xohc% Ml zpoekozcl cexéhdxd }xolorchd me lc{ oexdvokckodem{ lmwm{ m{ ml gl}icrmeold, kczcr hm ckx}cp kdid cexcndeo{xc oem{zmkégokd hm lc{ @HR% Oexdvokckodem{ zdp cexohmzpm{owd{% Ld{ cexohmzpm{owd{ {de gãpickd{ i}y kdi}em{ me ml impkchd s}m ckxòce oefo`omehd oefo`omehd lc pmkczxckoûe p mkczxckoûe hm komp) xd{ em}pdxpce{io{dpm{, d `ome oizohomehd {} hm{xp}kkoûe, oizlokchd{ oizlokchd{ me ld{ m{xchd{ zcxdlûnokd{ hmzpm{owd{% Ld{ gãpickd{ cexohmzpm{owd{ iã{ fc`ox}clm{ {}mlme klc{ogokcp{m me hd{ kcxmndpéc{ ho{xoexc{, c {c`mp2 Cexohmzpm{owd{ Cexohmzpm{owd{ kéklokd{% c% Cexohmzpm{owd{ hm zpoimpc zpoimpc nmempckoûe nmempckoûe d cexohmzpm{owd{ cexohmzpm{owd{ xpokéklokd{% Ld{ iã{ fc`ox}clm{ {de lc oiozpcioec, lc cioxpozxoloec y lc hdvmzoec% `% Cexohmzpm{owd{ hm {mn}ehc {mn}ehc nmempckoûe d cexohmzpm{owd{ cexohmzpm{owd{ fmxmpdkéklokd{% Ld{ iã{ fc`ox}clm{ {de lc iczpdxoloec, lc ioce{mpoec y lc woldvckoec% k% Cexohmzpm{owd{ hm xmpkmpc nmempckoûe d oefo`ohdpm{ oefo`ohdpm{ hm lc pmkczxckoûe pmkczxckoûe hm {mpdxdeoec% {mpdxdeoec% Ml iã{ fc`ox}cl m{ lc gl}dvmxoec% Cexohmzpm{owd{ Cexohmzpm{owd{ OICD% c% OICD ed {mlmkxowd{% Ld{ iã{ fc`ox}clm{ {de lc ozpdeocrohc, lc o{dkcp`dvcrohc, lc gmemlrohc, lc zcpnoloec y lc xpceolkozpdiohc% xpceolkozpdiohc% `% OICD {mlmkxowd{% Ml iã{ fc`ox}cl m{ lc kldpnoloec%
) 308 )
Ld{ cexohmzpm{owd{ kéklokd{ {de oefo`ohdpm{ ed {mlmkxowd{ hm lc pmkczxckoûe hm idedcioec{, oekl}ymehd ed) pchpmecloec y {mpdxdeoec% Xci`oïe xomeme }e lonmpd mgmkxd `lds}mcexm γ)chpmeïpnokd y cexokdloeïpnokd% Me lc ckx}clohch {m zome{c s}m ld{ xpc{xdped{ cgmkxowd{ pmlckodechd{ kde lc hmzpm{oûe czcpmkme c eowml go{odzcxdlû) nokd zdp }ec ho{ioe}koûe me lc kdekmexpckoûe hm {mpdxdeoec y edpchpmecloec me ml dpnceo{id% Zdp {} zcpxm, lc meroic idedcioeddvohc{c &ICD/ m{ kczcr hm hm{xp}op idedcioec{ zdp dvohckoûe, ckx}ce) hd hm gdpic {mlmkxowc {d`pm lc {mpdxdeoec y lc edpchpmecloec% Ld{ oefo`ohdpm{ hm lc idedcioeddvohc{c &OICD/ z}mhme ckx}cp hm gdpic {mlmkxowc d hm gdpic ed {mlmkxowc {d`pm hokfc meroic% Ld{ O ICD ed {mlmkxo) wd{ oefo`me lc meroic ICD hm gdpic oppmwmp{o`lm y ed {mlmkxowc, ckx}cehd {d`pm ho{xoexc{ idedcioec{ ed pmkczxchc{ xclm{ kdid edpchpmecloec, hdzcioec d {mpdxdeoec% Ld{ OICD {mlmkxowd{, kdedkohd{ kdid OICD) C, ckxòce hm gdpic pmwmp{o`lm y {mlmkxowc {d`pm idedcioec{ m{zmkégokc{% Hm gdpic nmeïpokc, ld{ cexohmzpm{owd{ kéklokd{ {}mlme chioeo{xpcp{m zdp wéc dpcl, yc s}m {} c`{dpkoûe c eowml oexm{xoecl pm{}lxc oeimhocxc% M{xd{ gãpickd{, c {} wmr, xomeme }ec mlmwchc kczckohch hm }eoûe c zpdxméec{ zlc{iãxokc{ &?:-/% Hchc {} npce lozd{dl}`olohch cxpcwom{ce cxpcwom{ce kde gckolohch lc `cppmpc fmicxdmekmgãlokc y zlc) kmexcpoc y zc{ce c lmkfm icxmpec% Ld{ cexohmzpm{owd{ kéklokd{ {de imxc`dlorchd{ kc{o zdp kdizlmxd c eowml fmzãxokd1 lc mvkpmkoûe pmecl hm m{xd{ gãpickd{, ld{ k}clm{ {de `c{m{ hï`olm{, m{ oe{oneogokcexm còe k}cehd {m ckohogos}m lc dpoec% M{xd{ kdiz}m{xd{ {de hm{imxolchd{, dponoecehd imxc`dloxd{ fohpdvolchd{ xomeme hm {mimbcexm xdvokohch s}m {}{ kdiz}m{xd{ hm dponme% Zd{xmpodpimexm, m{xd{ imxc`dloxd{ ckxowd{ {}gpme }e zpdkm{d hm hm{imxolckoûe d kdeb}nckoûe xpce{gdpiãehd{m me kdiz}m{xd{ oeckxowd{ s}m {de mvkpmxchd{ zdp lc dpoec% ]ec zms}móc kcexohch xcexd hm kdiz}m{xd{ dponoeclm{ kdid hm imxc`dloxd{ ckxowd{ m{ mvkpmxchc zdp wéc `olocp% Lc oexdvokckoûe zdp cexohmzpm{owd{ kéklokd{ {}mlm k}p{cp kde kdic, fozdxme{oûe, fozdxme{oûe, kdew}l{odem{ y cppoxioc kcphockc% Me ld{ kc{d{ iã{ npcwm{, z}mhm czcpmkmp gcllmkoiomexd zdp kcphodxdvokohch% Cl c{dkocp{m kde dxpd{ z{okdgãpickd{ d clkdfdl, z}mhm oeh}kop{m }ec zdxmexm hmzpm{oûe pm{zopcxdpoc kczcr hm dponoecp lmxcpnoc, hm{dpomexckoûe, cxcvoc zpdnpm{owc y kdic% Lc ckkoûe cexokdloeïpnokc hm ld{ cexohmzpm{owd{ kéklokd{ {}mlm oekpmimexcp lc kczckohch hm wckochd nã{xpokd, chmiã{ hm zpdh}kop fozdzmpo{xclxo{id oexm{xoecl y pmxme) koûe }poecpoc% Me lc ckx}clohch, ed {m kdedkme cexéhdxd{ zcpc ml xpcxciomexd hm lc{ oexdvokckodem{ cn}hc{ zdp cexohmzpm{owd{ kéklokd{% Me lc icydpéc hm ld{ kc{d{, {m {}mlm xpcxcp cl zckomexm kde kcp`ûe ckxowd y clnòe cnmexm kcxãpxokd1 c{oio{id, lc ckx}ckoûe c eowml hm lc mloioeckoûe, me m{xm kc{d, pm{}lxc oemgokcr% Lc{ kdew}l) {odem{ {}mlme xpcxcp{m kde hocrmzci d kldecrmzci, lc fozdxme{oûe kde lckxcxd {ûhokd, lc cppoxioc kcphockc kde lohdkcéec d gmeoxdéec, y ld{ zd{o`lm{ {éexdic{ cexokdloeïpnokd{ kde go{d{xonioec% Fdy me héc, ld{ cexohm) zpm{owd{ kéklokd{ kde{xox}yme, xpc{ lc{ `merdhocrmzoec{, lc {mn}ehc kc}{c iã{ gpmk}mexm hm oexdvokckoûe imhokcimexd{c me e}m{xpd imhod% Ld{ OICD {}mlme chioeo{xpcp{m zdp wéc dpcl% [m c`{dp`me pãzohc y kdizlmxcimexm me ml oexm{xoed y {m }eme c zpdxméec{ zlc{iãxokc{ me }e =:-% Cxpcwom{ce kde gckolohch lc `cppmpc fmicxdmekmgãlokc y czcpmkme me lmkfm icxmpec% Lc imxc`dlorckoûe {}mlm {mp fmzãxokc, mloioeãehd{m }ec zms}móc zcpxm c xpcwï{ hm lc dpoec% Lc oexdvokckoûe cn}hc zdp OICD {m kcpckxmporc imhocexm lc czcpokoûe hm ce{omhch, mepdbmkoiomexd gckocl, xmi`ldpm{, kdew}l{odem{, {}hdpckoûe mvkm{owc, xcs}okcphoc d xcs}ozemc, {mnòe ml kc{d, m fozmpxme{oûe, zd{) xmpodp c }e zmpodhd c{oexdiãxokd oeokocl hm }ec{ 0)7 fdpc{% Me dkc{odem{, xci`oïe czcpmkm kmgclmc, cnoxckoûe, {diedlmekoc d wïpxond% C eowml pmecl y fmzãxokd ed {}mlme czcpmkmp mgmkxd{ chwmp{d{% M{xc oexdvokckoûe pm) s}ompm }e zmpodhd hm d`{mpwckoûe hm 08 fdpc{ xpc{ lc {d`pmhd{o{ y pmclorcp }e mlmkxpdkcphodnpcic zcpc mwc) l}cp lc g}ekoûe kcphockc hml zckomexm% C eowml hm lc c`{dpkoûe, {m {}mlm chioeo{xpcp kcp`ûe ckxowd d `ome {m zpdkmhm cl lcwchd nã{xpokd% Me lc ckx}clohch, ed {m kdedkme cexéhdxd{ me ml xpcxciomexd hm lc{ oexdvokckodem{ cn}hc{ zdp OICD% Zcpc clowocp lc{ kdew}l{odem{ {m }xolorc hocrmzci% C{oio{id, lc fozdxme{oûe {}mlm xpcxcp{m imhocexm lc chioeo{xpckoûe hm lés}ohd{ mvzce{dpm{ hml zlc{ic {cen}éemd, chmiã{ hm edpmzoemgpoec d hd) zcioec c zms}móc{ hd{o{% Lc fozmpxmpioc {m xpcxc kde zcpckmxcidl y, me ld{ kc{d{ iã{ npcwm{, imhocexm pmgponmpckoûe mvxmpec &`cód hm fomld/%
Oexdvokckodem{ zdp zcpckmxcidl% Ml zcpckmxcidl m{ }e gãpickd ceclnï{okd y cexozopïxokd cizlocimexm ho{xpo`}ohd me ml impkchd gcpickdlûno) kd% C hd{o{ `cbc{, {}mlm {mp }e imhokcimexd i}y `ome xdlmpchd zdp ml dpnceo{id1 {oe mi`cpnd, c hd{o{ {}) zmpodpm{ c 3:)3= n$héc z}mhm zpdh}kop }ec npcwm oexdvokckoûe s}m {}mlm kdeh}kop c gclld fmzãxokd% M{xc oe) xdvokckoûe {m cnpcwc k}cehd ml zckomexm xdic hm gdpic kdeb}exc gmed`cp`oxcl d gmeoxdéec% Hm gdpic nmempcl, ml zcpckmxcidl {}mlm chioeo{xpcp{m zdp wéc dpcl% [m c`{dp`m pãzohcimexm c eowml oexm{xoecl y {m }em me }e 0:)0= c zpdxméec{ zlc{iãxokc{% [m imxc`dlorc zpoicpocimexm zdp imhod hm lc{ meroic{ io) kpd{diclm{ fmzãxokc{, dponoecehd imxc`dloxd{ imxc`dloxd{ clxcimexm pmckxowd{ p mckxowd{ s}m {}mlme kdeb}ncp{m kde idlïk}lc{ hm nl}xcxode m oekl}{d kde zpdxméec{ zlc{iãxokc{% [oe mi`cpnd, }ec zms}móc zdpkoûe {m ed {m dvohc c eowml iokpd{dicl, {oed s}m {m kdeb}nc kde ml ãkohd nl}k}pûeokd fmzãxokd zcpc {mp mvkpmxchd hopmkxcimexm c xpcwï{ hm lc dpoec% C hd{o{ xmpczï}xokc{, {} wohc imhoc zlc{iãxokc m{ hm czpdvoichcimexm 0 fdpc{% Lc ho{xpo`}koûe m{ }eogdpim me kc{o xdhd{ ld{ lés}ohd{ kdpzdpclm{% Lc mvkpmkoûe m{ g}ehcimexclimexm g}ehcimexclimexm pmecl%
) 30= )
Lc oexdvokckoûe cn}hc zdp zcpckmxcidl zpdh}km }e k}chpd kléeokd hdioechd cexm xdhd zdp ml hm{cppdlld hm oe{}gokomekoc fmzãxokc zdp emkpd{o{% M{xm k}chpd z}mhm {mp howohohd me k}cxpd mxczc{ kléeokc{ `ome hogmpme) kochc{ {mnòe ml oexmpwcld hm xomizd s}m xpce{k}ppm hm{hm ml idimexd hm oenm{xoûe2 M{xchod zpoicpod &zmpodhd lcxmexm/% H}pcexm lc{ zpoimpc{ 08 fdpc{, ld{ megmpid{ {}mlme mekdexpcp{m kdizlmxcimexm c{oexdiãxokd{, c}es}m xci`oïe m{ fc`ox}cl lc czcpokoûe hm eã}{mc{, wûioxd{ y cedpmvoc, ckdizcóchd{ hm iclm{xcp nmempcl y hocgdpm{o{% M{xchod {mk}ehcpod% H}pcexm ld{ 0); héc{ {on}omexm{, ml oexdvokchd {}gpm ec}{mc{ y wûioxd{% C eowml `ods}éiokd, c}ime) xce lc{ meroic{ xpce{cioec{c{1 me ld{ m{x}hod{ hm lc`dpcxdpod, lc `olopp}`oec y ml xomizd hm zpdxpdi) `oec {de edpiclm{ d {m mek}mexpce lonmpcimexm mlmwchd{% Lc{ kdizlokckodem{ {m pmlckodece hopmk) xcimexm kde ml npchd hm ho{g}ekoûe fmzãxokc, z}homehd czcpmkmp fozdnl}kmioc, mekmgcldzcxéc fmzã) xokc d clxmpckodem{ hm lc kdcn}lckoûe% Xci`oïe z}mhm czcpmkmp gclld pmecl, c}es}m {}mlm {mp zd{xm) podp c lc czcpokoûe hm lc fmzcxdzcxéc% M{xchod xmpkocpod% Ml m{xchod xmpkocpod m{ lc gc{m hm icydp lm{oûe fmzãxokc% Kdizpmehm ml xomizd xpce{k}ppohd mexpm ml xmpkmp y k}cpxd héc xpc{ lc oenm{xc% C eowml `ods}éiokd, ld{ icpkchdpm{ hm gclld fmzãxokd, kdid lc{ xpce{cioec{c{ y lc `olopp}`oec, czcpmkme i}y mlmwchd{ me zlc{ic% Me lc icydpéc hm ld{ kc{d{, ld{ zckomexm{ {}mlme pmk}zmpcp{m kdizlmxcimexm% Fcy dkc{odem{, {oe mi`cpnd, me lc{ s}m ml k}chpd xûvokd z}mhm {mp zdxmekoclimexm idpxcl% Ml gcllmkoiomexd dk}ppm mexpm ld{ xpm{ y {omxm héc{ xpc{ lc oe) xdvokckoûe, y {m zpdh}km zdp clxmpckodem{ imxc`ûlokc{ oexpcxc`lm{, kdizlokckodem{ {mk}ehcpoc{ {mk}ehcpoc{ kdid mhmic kmpm`pcl y cppoxioc{, d fmidppcnoc zdp kdcn}ldzcxéc, c ld s}m {m z}mhm {}icp gpckc{d pmecl cn}hd% C}es}m ml gclld pmecl {mc {mwmpd, ï{xm xci`oïe m{ kc{o {omizpm pmwmp{o`lm% M{xchod k}cxmpecpod% Goeclimexm, h}pcexm ld{ {on}omexm{ héc{, lc xdvokohch fmzãxokc pmioxm1 me kc{d kdexpcpod {m zpdh}kopã }e gclld fmzãxokd s}m z}mhm kdeh}kop c lc i}mpxm hml zckomexm% Lc pmk}zmpckoûe m{ c ime}hd kdi) zlmxc me =)7 héc{ me zckomexm{ zdkd cgmkxchd{, zmpd {o lc xdvokohch fc {ohd oizdpxcexm, lc pmk}zmpc) koûe {m zpdldenc 0 {micec{ d iã{% Ml xpcxciomexd hm lc{ oexdvokckodem{ cn}hc{ zdp zcpckmxcidl {}mlm llmwcp{m c kc`d imhocexm lc chioeo{xpc) koûe hm E)ckmxolko{xméec% Xci`oïe {m {}mlm zpdwdkcp ml wûioxd kde bcpc`m hm ozmkck}cec% ozmkck}cec% Me cln}ed{ kc{d{, {m pms}ompm }e lcwchd nã{xpokd y lc chioeo{xpckoûe hm kcp`ûe ckxowd ckdizcóchd hm clnòe cnmexm kcxãpxokd%
XXMIC MIC 887% 7% H p dndhmzmehmekoc{% Hpdndhmzmehmekoc{% Hm gdpic dgokocl, ml xïpioed hpdnc {m hmgoem kdid xdhd zpoekozod ckxowd hm dponme ecx}pcl, ed iceoz}lchd c eowml hm lc`dpcxdpod, s}m m{ kczcr hm dponoecp kci`od{ `odlûnokd{ {d`pm ml dpnceo{id s}m ld oenompm% Lc{ {}{xcekoc{ z{okdxpûzokc{ {de, zdp {} zcpxm, kdiz}m{xd{ hm dponme ecx}pcl d {oexïxokd s}m zpdwdkce clxmpc) kodem{ gé{okc{ y z{és}okc{ s}m kc}{ce hmzmehmekoc me ml dpnceo{id y {éehpdim hm c`{xoemekoc &hm{md oi) zmpod{d y zcxdlûnokd hm kde{}id hm }e hmxmpioechd kdiz}m{xd/% Me lc ckx}clohch, m{xd{ xïpioed{ {}mlme kdeg}ehop{m me ml cpndx kcllmbmpd% Me ml kc{d s}m ed{ dk}zc, wcid{ c kde{ohmpcp ci`d{ xïpioed{ kdid {o) eûeoid{ &me pmclohch, ed {oneogokce ld io{id/% Me m{xm {mexohd, mvo{xme hpdnc{ lmnclm{, kdid ml clkdfdl d ml xc`ckd, y hpdnc{ olmnclm{, kdid lc kdkcéec d ml kceec`o{% [mnòe lc DI[, me pmlckoûe kde {} ckxowohch {d) `pm ml [EK, {m z}mhme ho{xoen}op howmp{d{ xozd{ hm hpdnc{, c {c`mp2 † Hpdnc{ z{okdm{xoi}lcexm{% [de {}{xcekoc{ zpdh}kxdpc{ hm m}gdpoc, `omem{xcp y {me{ckoûe oexme{c hm clmnpéc% [}mlme nmempcp hmzmehmekoc hmzmehmekoc z{és}okc, {omehd ld{ mbmizld{ iã{ fc`ox}clm{ lc kdkcéec, ml ïvxc{o{ y lc{ cegmxcioec{% † Hpdnc{ z{okdhmzpm{owc{% [de {}{xcekoc{ {mhcexm{, ce{odléxokc{, ceclnï{okc{ m fozeûxokc{ kczckm{ hm zpdwdkcp hmzmehmekoc xcexd z{és}okc, kdid m{ ml kc{d hml kceec`o{ d icpof}cec, kdid gé{okc, {omehd m{xm ml kc{d hm ld{ kdiz}m{xd{ dzodohm{% † Hpdnc{ z{okdho{lïzxokc{% [de {}{xcekoc{ cl}koeûnmec{ kczckm{ hm clxmpcp {me{dpoclimexm lc pmclohch, kdid m{ ml kc{d hm ld{ hmpowchd{ hml ãkohd lo{ïpnokd &L[H/ y lc im{kcloec% Hm gdpic oeho{xoexc, z}mhme {mp hmzpm{dpm{ d m{) xoi}lcexm{ hml [EK% Ed {de zpdh}kxdpm{ hm hmzmehmekoc gé{okc d z{és}okc% Fdy me héc, lc{ hpdnc{ hm c`}{d iã{ fc`ox}clm{ {de, g}ehcimexclimexm, lc kdkcéec, ml ïvxc{o{, lc{ cegmxc) ioec{, ml kceec`o{, ld{ clkcldohm{ dzoãkmd{, ml L[H y lc im{kcloec, chmiã{ hml mxcedl &clkdfdl mxélokd/ y lc eokdxoec &xc`ckd/, s}m zdp {mp kdiz}m{xd{ lmnclm{ ed {m wce c kde{ohmpcp me m{xm xmic%
) 307 )
Kdkcéec% Lc kdkcéec &kldpfohpcxd hm kdkcéec d kpcka/ m{ }ec {}{xcekoc z{okdm{xoi}lcexm hmpowchc hm ld{ clkcldohm{ hm lc fdbc hm Mpyxpdvol}i kdkc, ãp`dl kdiòe me Zmpò y kompxc{ rdec{ hm [}hciïpokc% [}mlm chioeo{xpcp{m m{eogchc me zdlwd imhocexm lc c{zopckoûe ec{cl &xopd ec{cl/% Ml zdlwd hm lc kdkcéec `c{m m{ }e kdiz}m{xd `lcekd, kpo{xcloed y cicpnd% Me kompxd{ kc{d{, {m oefclce ld{ wczdpm{ hml zdlwd hm kdkcéec s}michc, chs}o) pomehd }ed{ mgmkxd{ i}kfd iã{ pãzohd{ y zmlonpd{d{% Me ml impkchd, lc z}pmrc iãvoic hm lc kdkcéec `c{m ed {}mlm {mp {}zmpodp cl 0:)8:-% Edpiclimexm, lc kdkcéec {}mlm ch}lxmpcp{m imhocexm lc chokoûe hm kompxd{ kdiz}m{xd{ oeckxowd{, kdid ml xclkd, ml iceoxdl d lc lckxd{c1 me dkc{odem{ {m chokodece {}{xcekoc{ ckxowc{, kdid cegmxcioec{ d cem{xï{okd{ ldkclm{, dponoecehd }ed{ kdizlmbd{ i}y zmlonpd{d{ y kczckm{ hm zpdwdkcp npcwm{ oexdvokckodem{ me ml dpnceo{id% Hm gdpic nmempcl, lc kdkcéec m{ }e zdxmexm oefo`ohdp hm ld{ xpce{zdpxchdpm{ mehûnmed{ hm lc hdzcioec% Ml `lds}md cn}hd hm m{xm xpce{zdpxchdp fckm s}m lc hdzcioec {m ck}i}lm me ld{ m{zckod{ {oeãzxokd{, zpdwd) kcehd {me{ckoûe hm m}gdpoc y pmh}kkoûe hm lc gcxonc% Me ml zlced z{okdlûnokd, lc chioeo{xpckoûe hm kdkcéec z}mhm zpdwdkcp cxcs}m{ hm zãeokd, cnoxckoûe ho{gûpokc &icl f}idp d f}idp ho{zlckmexmpd/ y z{okd{o{ xûvokc kdid iceogm{xckodem{ hm m{s}ordgpmeoc zcpcedohm, chmiã{ hm hmzmehmekoc z{és}okc% Me ml zlced dpnãeokd, z}mhm dponoecp kompxc{ zcxdldnéc{ pm{zopcxdpoc{, kd) id {oe}{oxo{ m oppoxckoûe hm lc i}kd{c ec{cl, chmiã{ hm kcphodzcxéc{ o{s}ïiokc{ y fmidppcnoc{ kmpm`pclm{% C {} wmr, lc chioeo{xpckoûe hm kdkcéec {}zdem }e oizdpxcexm gckxdp hm pom{nd me ml oegcpxd hm iodkcphod zdp wc{dkde{xpokkoûe nld`cl zmpogïpokc% Me dkc{odem{, z}mhm czcpmkmp xci`oïe zïphohc hml czmxoxd, fozmpxmpioc, iohpoc{o{ &holcxckoûe hm lc z}zolc/ m oekl}{d zïphohc hml xc`os}m ec{cl% Chioeo{xpchc zdp wéc oexpcwmed{c, fmkfd zdkd fc`ox}cl, lc kdkcéec z}mhm oeh}kop lc czcpokoûe hm xpdi`d{o{, {mzxokmioc{ y c`{km{d{ hm z}{% Me m{xd{ kc{d{, xci`oïe z}mhm {mp kc}{c hopmkxc hm czcpokoûe hm [OHC d fmzcxoxo{ oegmkkod{c &{d`pmxdhd zdp ml oexmpkci`od hm bmpoen}ollc{ }{chc{/% Lc kdkcéec ed zpdh}km hmzmehmekoc gé{okc, zdp ld s}m xcizdkd {}mlm czcpmkmp }e icpkchd {éehpdim hm c`{xoemekoc1 me e}impd{c{ dkc{odem{, {m dponoec }e gmeûimed hm pm`dxm kcpckxmporchd zdp lmxcpnoc, fozmp{dieoc &{diedlmekoc mvkm{owc d kpo{o{ hm {}mód oewmeko`lm h}pcexm ml héc/, `}loioc &czmxoxd mvcnmpchd m oe{ckoc`lm/ y zpdg}ehc hmzpm{oûe z{és}okc% Lc i}mpxm zdp {d`pmhd{o{ {d`pmwom) em edpiclimexm zdp kdew}l{odem{ kdew}l{odem{ nmempclorchc{, cppoxioc{ kcphockc{ d oe{}gokomekoc pm{zopcxdpoc% Ïvxc{o{% Ml ïvxc{o{ &imxolmedhodvoimxcegmxcioec d IHIC/ m{ }ec {}{xcekoc z{okdm{xoi}lcexm s}m {m oekl}ym me ml np}zd hm lc{ hmedioechc{ “hpdnc{ hm ho{mód’, m{ hmkop, kdiz}m{xd{ hm dponme oeh}{xpocl s}éiokd gcpickï}) xokd% [m kdimpkoclorc me gdpic hm zc{xollc{ d kdizpoiohd{, {omehd i}y fc`ox}clm{ me ho{kdxmkc{ y kompxd{ ldkclm{ hm gom{xc edkx}pec% Xci`oïe {m mek}mexpce hd{o{ me zdlwd, xc`lmxc{ y kãz{}lc{% Me lc ckx}clohch, i}kfc{ zpm{mexckodem{ {de ch}lxmpchc{% Kdid ch}lxmpcexm{ {m mek}mexpce lc zcpcimxdvocegmxcioec &IHC/, s}m m{ kc}{c hm i}mpxm me e}impd{d{ {}bmxd{% Ml ïvxc{o{ xci`oïe m{ imrklchd kde kcgméec, amxc) ioec, ckmxcioedgïe d im{kcloec% Mvo{xme iã{ hm ?: zpm{mexckodem{ hml ïvxc{o{ s}m, cl zcpmkmp, {de }{chc{ hm ck}mphd kde ml xozd hm {me{ckodem{ `}{kchc{% Cln}ec{ {de2 [mv, Idxdpdlc, Iox{f}`o{fo, IkHdeclh, Chci, Eoebc [xcp, Ãi{xmphci, Cgpdhoxc, Zcehc, Gmppcpo, Gdv, mexpm dxpc{% Ml ïvxc{o{ {}mlm ckx}cp m{xoi}lcehd m{xoi}lcehd lc lo`mpckoûe hm kcxmkdlcioec{ mehûnmec{, g}ehcimexclimexm g}ehcimexclimexm {mpdxdeo) ec, m oefo`omehd {} zd{xmpodp pmkczxckoûe c eowml {oeãzxokd, mbmpkomehd }ec ckxowohch m{xoi}lcexm {d`pm ml [EK, zcpxok}lcpimexm c eowml hm ld{ {o{xmic{ s}m pmn}lce kompxc{ wcpoc`lm{ woxclm{, kdid lc xmizmpcx}pc, ml fci`pm, ml {}mód, lc {mv}clohch y lc kdeh}kxc cnpm{owc% Kdid hcxd k}pod{d, kc`m imekodecp s}m ml }{d oeokocl hm m{xc hpdnc, me ml cód 3?38, g}m kdid gãpickd {}zpm{dp hml czmxoxd% Me ml zlced z{okdlûnokd, lc chioeo{xpckoûe hm ïvxc{o{ {}mlm k}p{cp kde kpo{o{ hm ce{omhch, xpc{xdped{ hmzpm{o) hmzpm{o) wd{ y kompxc{ clxmpckodem{ z{okûxokc{% Chmiã{, {}mlm zpdwdkcp hmzmehmekoc z{és}okc% Me ml zlced dpnãeokd, {}mlm czcpmkmp c}imexd hm lc xmizmpcx}pc kdpzdpcl &fozmpxmpioc iclonec d ndlzm hm kcldp, hdehm lc xmizm) pcx}pc kdpzdpcl z}mhm llmncp c clkcercp ld{ 80)8;²K/ y hm{fohpcxckoûe, chmiã{ hm oe{}gokomekoc pmecl y fmzã) xokc, cppoxioc kcphockc y xpc{xdped{ kdew}l{owd{% Xci`oïe z}mhme zpdh}kop{m kdcn}ldzcxéc{ y, kde{mk}mexm) imexm, fmidppcnoc{, xpdi`d{o{ d oegcpxd{ kmpm`pclm{% Me cln}ed{ kc{d{, czcpmkme clxmpckodem{ hm lc zmp) kmzkoûe wo{}cl, xmizdpcl y xãkxol, ld s}m {m xpch}km, zdp mbmizld, me wo{oûe `dppd{c y kpdicxo{id wo{}cl% Mvo{) xme chmiã{ mwohmekoc{ s}m hmi}m{xpce }e zpd`c`lm oizckxd emncxowd hm lc chioeo{xpckoûe hm ïvxc{o{ {d`pm lc imidpoc% Ckx}climexm m{xã kdizpd`chc lc em}pdxdvokohch hml ïvxc{o{ {d`pm ceoiclm{% Me ml {mp f}iced, kompxd{ fcllcrnd{ cz}exce c {} npce zpd`c`olohch hm lm{odem{ em}pdeclm{%
) 30> )
Cegmxcioec{% Lc{ cegmxcioec{ &{}lgcxd hm cegmxcioec d {zmmh/ {de {}{xcekoc{ z{okdm{xoi}lcexm{ z{okdm{xoi}lcexm{ kczckm{ hm zpdwdkcp {me{ckoûe hm clmpxc y kdegocerc, chmiã{ hm c}imexcp ld{ eowmlm{ hm mempnéc y c}xdm{xoic% Xci`oïe fckm hm{czcpmkmp hm{czcpmkmp lc {me{ckoûe hm fci`pm y hm {}mód% [}mlme {mp hmpowchd{ {oexïxokd{ hm lc imxolgmeolmxolcioec% Cl on}cl s}m ml ïvxc{o{, {m zpm{mexc me gdpic hm zc{xollc{ d kdizpoiohd{% Xcexd me ml impkchd lmncl kdid me ml olékoxd {m mvzmehme me {dl}kodem{ oeymkxc`lm{ oekdldpc{ d cicpollmexc{, me gdpic hm zdlwd `lcekd d me xc`lm) xc{ y kãz{}lc{ hm 3:)3= in% Chs}opohc{ me m{xc`lmkoiomexd{ gcpickï}xokd{, lc{ cegmxcioec{ {m mek}mexpce me m{xchd z}pd% Me ml impkchd emnpd, {oe mi`cpnd, {}mlme m{xcp ch}lxmpchc{ kde mgmhpoec, kcgméec d gmeol) zpdzcedlcioec, ckdizcóchc{ hm xclkd, mxk% Me 3?;7, lc{ cegmxcioec{ {m dgpmkéce zcpc icexmemp hm{zompxd{ c zckomexm{ xpcxchd{ kde {mhcexm{% Iã{ chmlcexm {m pmkdimehcpde zcpc ml xpcxciomexd hml kcxcppd, lc{ kdenm{xodem{ ec{clm{, ml icpmd y lc hmzpm) {oûe% Me lc ckx}clohch {m }xolorc òeokcimexm `cbd kdexpdl iïhokd zcpc xpcxcp ld{ pcpé{oid{ kc{d{ hm ecpkdlmz) {oc &cxcs}m{ oexmpioxmexm{ hm {}mód zpdg}ehd/, hmzpm{oûe imexcl y d`m{ohch zcxdlûnokc% Lc{ cegmxcioec{ {de, g}ehcimexclimexm, cioec{ {oizcxokdioiïxokc{ s}m ckxòce kdid cndeo{xc{ hopmkxd{ {d`pm ld{ pmkmzxdpm{ hm chpmecloec y edpchpmecloec, oefo`omehd {} pmkczx}pc y zpdwdkcehd }e mgmkxd zpdlde) nchd hm m{xoi}lckoûe me ml [EK% Cgmkxc ml fozdxãlcid, l}ncp hdehm {m ldkclorce ld{ kmexpd{ pmn}lchdpm{ hml fci`pm y lc {ckomhch, dkc{odecehd gclxc hm czmxoxd, y {m kpmm s}m oexmpckxòc xci`oïe kde ld{ xpce{zdpxchd) pm{ pm{zde{c`lm{ hm lc kczxckoûe hm hdzcioec y {mpdxdeoec% Me ml zlced z{okdlûnokd, ml kde{}id hm cegmxcioec{ z}mhm zpdh}kop k}chpd{ z{okûxokd{ {oiolcpm{ c }ec m{) s}ordgpmeoc kde hmlopod{ zmp{mk}xdpod{ y cl}koeckodem{, chmiã{ hm hmzpm{oûe pmckxowc y }ec oexme{c hmzme) hmekoc z{és}okc% Me ml zlced dpnãeokd, z}mhm zpdwdkcp fozmpxme{oûe, cppoxioc kcphockc y kdlcz{d pm{zopcxdpod, chmiã{ hm gpmk}mexm{ xpc{xdped{ honm{xowd{% Ml {éehpdim hm c`{xoemekoc nmempchd zdp ml kde{}id hm cegm) xcioec{ {m zpm{mexc kdid }e k}chpd i}y npcwm hm hmzpm{oûe, lmxcpnoc y kce{cekod, ld s}m z}mhm llmwcp c xdicp npcehm{ hd{o{ hm hpdnc zcpc ioxoncp hokfd m{xchd% Kceec`o{% Ml kceec`o{, fc`ox}climexm kdedkohd kdid fckfé{, icpof}cec d ickdóc, m{ }ec {}{xcekoc z{okdhmzpm{o) wc s}m zpdkmhm hm lc fdbc hm Kceec`o{ {cxowc y {}{ hmpowchd{% Ml mgmkxd z{okdckxowd hml kceec`o{ {m hm`m c }e zpoekozod ckxowd hmedioechd θ)?)xmxpcfohpdkceec`oedl &XFK/% C eowml xmpczï}xokd, {m {c`m s}m ld{ kdi) z}m{xd{ kceec`oedohm{ mbmpkme }ec ckkoûe `memgokod{c me ml xpcxciomexd hm ld{ x}idpm{ kmpm`pclm{ me ceo) iclm{ hm mvzmpoimexckoûe% [} czlokckoûe xmpczï}xokc me ml {mp f}iced m{xã ckx}climexm me mexpmhokfd% Kdid hpdnc hm c`}{d, lc fdbc hm icpof}cec, hm{mkchc y xpox}pchc, {}mlm chioeo{xpcp{m g}ichc me zozc kdiòe d me koncppolld lochd &zdppd, xpdekfd d kce}xd/, clkcerãehd{m ml mgmkxd iãvoid{ lc{ 0); fdpc{ hm lc oefclckoûe% Xci`oïe z}mhme imrklcp{m kde fcpoec{ zcpc zpmzcpcp zc{xmlm{, ncllmxc{, hmpowchd{ lãkxmd{, mxk% Ld{ mgmkxd{ hm lc oenm{xoûe dpcl kdiomerce cl kc`d hm }ed{ ;: ioe}xd{% Me lc ckx}clohch, {m {c`m s}m ml dpnceo{id f}iced zpm{mexc pmkmzxdpm{ mehûnmed{ m{zmkégokd{ hml XFK c eowml kmpm`pcl s}m oexmpwomeme me lc kddphoeckoûe hm ld{ idwoiomexd{ wdl}excpod{, ml ms}olo`pod y ml fozdkcizd &c{omexd hm lc imidpoc c kdpxd zlcrd/% Chmiã{, lc mvo{xmekoc hm m{xd{ pmkmzxdpm{ me lc{ pmnodem{ hml {o{xm) ic léi`okd, pmlckodechd kde lc kdeh}kxc midkodecl y idxowckodecl, z}mhm cy}hcp c mvzlokcp xcexd ld{ mgmkxd{ m}gdporcexm{ kdid {} kczckohch zcpc hm{mekchmecp pmckkodem{ hm zãeokd y ce{omhch, chmiã{ hml llcichd {éehpdim cidxowckodecl, c{dkochd cl }{d zpdldenchd hm lc hpdnc% Hm gdpic mvkmzkodecl, ml kceec`o{ m{ kczcr hm cn}horcp lc wo{xc hml kde{}iohdp% kde{}iohdp% Me ml zlced z{okdlûnokd, ml kde{}id hm kceec`o{ cgmkxc cl czpmehorcbm, c lc kdekmexpckoûe y c lc imidpoc% Xci`oïe z}mhm zpdwdkcp pmckkodem{ cn}hc{ hm zãeokd y ce{omhch, chmiã{ hm gcwdpmkmp ml hm{mekchmec) iomexd hm xpc{xdped{ z{os}oãxpokd{ hm xozd m{s}ordgpïeokd y lc czcpokoûe hml hmedioechd {éehpdim cidxowc) kodecl, kcpckxmporchd zdp oem{xc`olohch midkodecl, hm{zmp{declorckoûe, gclxc hm zmpkmzkoûe xmizdpcl m oe) kddphoeckoûe idxdpc% C {} wmr, ml kceec`o{ m{ zpdh}kxdp hm }ec zdxmexm hmzmehmekoc z{és}okc, c}es}m ed {}mlm nmempcp {éehpdim hm c`{xoemekoc% Zdp {} zcpxok}lcp lozd{dl}`olohch, ml XFK xomehm c kdekmexpcp{m ic{o) wcimexm me ld{ xmbohd{ npc{d{ hml dpnceo{id% Me m{xm {mexohd, xpc{ }e kde{}id kdexoe}chd, kdexoe}chd, lc zpm{mekoc hm kceec`oedohm{ m{ hmxmkxc`lm me ml zlc{ic {cen}éemd fc{xc ;: héc{ hm{z}ï{ hml òlxoid kde{}id% Me ml zlc) ed dpnãeokd, lc icpof}cec {}mlm nmempcp xd{ kpûeokc y `pdes}oxo{ me kde{}iohdpm{ fc`ox}clm{ hm hd{o{ mlm) wchc{% C eowml kcphodwc{k}lcp, {m fce pmkdedkohd kc{d{ hm mizmdpciomexd hm {éexdic{ me zmp{dec{ s}m zchmkme fozmpxme{oûe d oe{}gokomekoc kcphockc% Chmiã{, ml kceec`o{ clxmpc lc zpdh}kkoûe fdpidecl pm{zde) {c`lm hml {o{xmic pmzpdh}kxdp y hm lc ich}pckoûe {mv}cl% Goeclimexm, Goeclimexm, {} }{d kpûeokd pmh}km lc ckxowohch hml {o{xmic oei}eoxcpod%
) 306 )
Clkcldohm{ dzoãkmd{% Ld{ clkcldohm{ dzoãkmd{ {de {}{xcekoc{ z{okdhmzpm{owc{ hmpowchc{ hml dzod, {}{xcekoc pm{}lxcexm hm lc hm{mkckoûe hml b}nd hm lc{ kc`mrc{ d kãz{}lc{ wmphm{ hm Zczcwmp {dieogmp}i &ciczdlc d chdpiohmpc/, zlcexc dponoecpoc hm C{oc Imedp% Ld{ clkcldohm{ ecx}pclm{ hmpowchd{ hml dzod iã{ kdedkohd{ {de, g}ehcime) xclimexm, lc idpgoec, lc kdhméec, lc xm`céec, lc ecpkdxoec, lc ecpkméec y lc zczcwmpoec% Ld{ hmpowchd{ {mio{oe) xïxokd{ iã{ kdi}em{ {de, c {} wmr, lc fmpdéec y lc imxchdec% Ld{ clkcldohm{ dzoãkmd{ {m }xolorce nmempcl) imexm kdid ceclnï{okd{, zmpd zd{mme i}kfd{ dxpd{ mgmkxd{ gcpickdlûnokd{% [oe mi`cpnd, {} }{d m{xã {d`mpcecimexm loioxchd% Cln}ed{ kdiz}m{xd{, kdid lc kdhméec, {de chioeo{xpchd{ lmnclimexm kdid gãp) ickd{ cexox}{énmed{% Dxpd{, kdid lc fmpdéec, fc`ox}climexm kdedkohc kdid kc`clld, {de zdxmekoclimexm olmnclm{ zdp {}{ medpim{ mgmkxd{ chwmp{d{ y {} mlmwchc hmzmehmekoc, xcexd gé{okc kdid z{és}okc% Ml kde) {}id hm ld{ cnmexm{ dzodohm{, g}ehcimexclimexm fmpdéec, {}mlm llmwcp{m c kc`d zdp wéc oexpcwmed{c% [oe mi`cpnd, me lc ckx}clohch, hm`ohd c lc zpdzcnckoûe hml [OHC mexpm e}impd{d{ hpdndhmzmehomexm{, {m fc nmempclorchd nmempclorchd lc wéc oefclcxdpoc% Hm gdpic nmempcl, ld{ kdiz}m{xd{ dzodohm{ oexmpckxòce kde ld{ hmedioechd{ pmkmzxdpm{ dzoãkmd{ hml dpnc) eo{id, pmlckodechd{ kde lc {}zpm{oûe hml hdldp% @ã{okcimexm, ld{ clkcldohm{ dzoãkmd{ {de cndeo{xc{ hm ld{ hmedioechd{ ceclnï{okd{ mehûnmed{, fc`ox}climexm kdedkohd{ kdid mekmgcloec{ y mehdpgoec{% Ml kde{}id hm fmpdéec m{ zpdh}kxdp hm }e mlmwchd npchd hm xdlmpcekoc, zdp ld s}m mvo{xm zmlonpd hm {d`pm) hd{o{ me kde{}iohdpm{ kpûeokd{% [} chioeo{xpckoûe oexpcwmed{c, chmiã{ hml fmkfd hm kdizcpxop ld{ icxmpoclm{ oeymkxc`lm{ }{chd{, {}mlm nmempcp howmp{d{ zpd`lmic{ mexpm ld{ fmpdoeûiced{, kdid zdp mbmizld, fmzcxoxo{, mehdkcphoxo{, c`{km{d{ y }lkmpckodem{ hïpiokc{, kcehohoc{o{, {mzxokmioc{ y {éehpdim{ pmlckodechd{ kde ml WOF% Hm gdpic nmempcl, lc oexdvokckoûe zdp cnmexm{ dzodohm{ k}p{c kde hmzpm{oûe pm{zopcxdpoc y empwod{c c eowml kmexpcl, chmiã{ hm iod{o{ &ho{ioe}koûe hml hoãimxpd hm lc z}zolc/% Me ml zlced z{okdlûnokd, ml kde{}id hm fmpdéec, kdid hpdnc dzodohm iã{ fc`ox}cl, {}mlm zpdwdkcp clxmpckod) em{ hm lc zmp{declohch y zpd`lmic{ kdneoxowd{ pmlckodechd{ kde lc imidpoc% Xci`oïe {de gpmk}mexm{ lc{ kpo{o{ hm ce{omhch y hmzpm{oûe imexcl% Me ml zlced dpnãeokd, lc zpm{oûe cpxmpocl y lc xmizmpcx}pc kdpzdpcl {}mlme hmkpmkmp zpdnpm{owcimexm xpc{ }e kde{}id kpûeokd hm clkcldohm{ dzoãkmd{% Xci`oïe z}mhm czcpmkmp mhmic z}lidecp y ckohd{o{ pm{zopcxdpoc% Ld{ kdiz}m{xd{ dzoãkmd{ {de zpdh}kxdpm{ hm hmzmehmekoc gé{okc y z{és}okc, z}homehd nmempcp }e {éehpdim hm c`{xoemekoc kcpckxmporchd zdp lckpoimd, {}hdpckoûe mvkm{owc, poedppmc, oe{dieod, ec}{mc{, wûioxd{, hocppmc{, gom`pm y hdldp i}{k}lcp nmempclorchd% Fdy me héc, {m kdedkme e}impd{d{ hmpowchd{ dzoãkmd{ dzoãkmd{ ed xûvokd{ s}m pm{}lxce i}y òxolm{ me ml xpcxciomexd hm hm{fc`ox}ckoûe y hm{oexdvokckoûe me fmpdoeûiced{% Zdp mbmizld, lc imxchdec m{ }e cndeo{xc z}pd hm ld{ pmkmzxdpm{ dzoãkmd{ s}m ed zpdh}km mgmkxd{ chwmp{d{ {d`pm ml dpnceo{id, zdp ld s}m {}mlm czlokcp{m me ld{ xpcxciomexd{ zpdnpm{owd{ hm hm{fc`ox}ckoûe% Lc `}zpmedpgoec m{ }e cndeo{xc zcpkocl s}m xci`oïe pm{}lxc òxol me kompxd{ kc{d{% Zdp dxpc zcpxm, me lc{ oe{xclckodem{ fd{zoxclcpoc{ {m ho{zdem hm {}{xcekoc{ cexcndeo{xc{, kdid lc ecldvdec, kczckm{ hm `lds}mcp ld{ mgmkxd{ hm lc fmpdéec y {}{ hmpowchd{ me zdkd{ ioe}xd{% L[H% Ml L[H m{ }e hmpowchd {oexïxokd hml ãkohd lo{ïpnokd s}m zd{mm mlmwchd{ mgmkxd{ z{okdho{lïzxokd{ d cl}koeûnm) ed{% N}cphc }ec m{xpmkfc {mimbcerc s}éiokc kde ld{ em}pdxpce{io{dpm{ {mpdxdeoec, edpmzoemgpoec y hdzc) ioec% Ml L[H g}m hm{k}`ompxd me 3?;6, {omehd }ec hm lc{ {}{xcekoc{ s}éiokc{ iã{ zdxmexm{ kczckm{ hm clxmpcp ml m{xchd hm ãeoid% [m gc`pokc c zcpxop hml ãkohd lo{ïpnokd, mekdexpchd me }e fdend kdedkohd kdid Klcwokmz{ z}pz}pmc d kdpemr}mld hml kmexmed% M{xc {}{xcekoc {}mlm kdimpkoclorcp{m olmnclimexm olmnclimexm me gdpic hm xc`lmxc{, kãz{}lc{ y, me dkc{odem{, me zms}mód{ hd{ogokchdpm{ lés}ohd{% M{ oedhdpc, oekdldpc y xomem }e {c) `dp lonmpcimexm cicpnd% Lc chioeo{xpckoûe hml L[H {}mlm {mp dpcl% Kde gpmk}mekoc, lc hpdnc {m cnpmnc c zczml {mkcexm y {m howohm me zms}mód{ k}chpchd{ hmkdpchd{, fc`ox}climexm pmkdedkohd{ kdid xpozo{% Edp) iclimexm, ld{ xpozo{ m{xãe ch}lxmpchd{ kde cegmxcioec{% Me lc ckx}clohch, {m {c`m s}m ml L[H ckxòc hm gdp) ic {mlmkxowc kdid cndeo{xc hopmkxd hm ld{ pmkmzxdpm{ hm {mpdxdeoec% C{é, ho{ioe}ym lc ckxowohch m{zdexãemc hml [EK zmpd c}imexc lc ckxowohch zdp m{xéi}ld{ zmpogïpokd{, zpdwdkcehd clxmpckodem{ oizdpxcexm{ me lc m{gmpc zmpkmzx}cl, zpoekozclimexm zpoekozclimexm c eowml wo{}cl y c}hoxowd% Ld{ mgmkxd{ hml L[H {de oizpmhmko`lm{% Hmzmehme hm lc kcexohch oenmpohc y hm lc zmp{declohch y m{xchd hm ãeoid hml }{}cpod% Me ml zlced z{okdlûnokd, ml kde{}id hm L[H z}mhm nmempcp cl}koeckodem{ {me{dpoclm{, pmckkodem{ hm zãeokd m oexmexd{ hm {}okohod, chmiã{ hm xmehmekoc{ z{okdzãxokc{ y pmczcpokoûe m{zdexãemc hm mvzmpomekoc{ cl}koeûnmec{ {oe kde{}id hm lc hpdnc &“glc{f `cka’/% Me ml zlced dpnãeokd, z}mhm czcpmkmp iohpoc{o{ &holcxckoûe hm lc z}zolc/, fozmpxmpioc, fozmpnl}kmioc, xcs}okcphoc m fozmpxme{oûe% Ml L[H ed kc}{c hmzmehmekoc hmzmehmekoc gé{okc d z{és}okc, eo xcizdkd {m kdedkme kc{d{ hm {éehpdim{ hm c`{xoemekoc%
) 30? )
Im{kcloec% Lc im{kcloec m{ }ec {}{xcekoc z{okdho{lïzxokc d`xmeohc hm gdpic ecx}pcl hml k}mpzd hm }e kckx}{ imvokced kdedkohd kdid Ldzfdzfdpc ~oloci{oo d zmydxm &"lc zlcexc s}m fckm s}m ld{ dbd{ {m icpcwollme", {mnòe lc hm{kpo`m }e c}xdp gpcekï{ ceûeoid/% Ml zmydxm m{ }ec zlcexc pokc me clkcldohm{, {omehd ld{ iã{ fc`ox}clm{ lc zmydxoec, lc cefcloec, lc ldgdgdpoec y, {d`pmxdhd, lc im{kcloec% Me m{xchd ecx}pcl, ld{ ncbd{ hml zmydxm {m ic{xokce {dld{ d me kdizcóéc hm clnòe lés}ohd, zpmgmpmexmimexm b}nd{ kéxpokd{, z}m{ {} {c`dp m{ pmlcxowc) imexm cicpnd% K}cehd ml kckxd {m hm{fohpcxc pmxomem lc im{kcloec oehmgoeohcimexm, zdp ld s}m z}mhm pmh}) kop{m c zdlwd zcpc zpmzcpcp{m me gdpic hm oeg}{oûe d cóchop{m c }e b}nd hm gp}xc% Lc im{kcloec z}pc xci`oïe z}mhm chioeo{xpcp{m zdp wéc oexpcwmed{c% Me lc ckx}clohch, wcpoc{ zmp{dec{ kde kdedkoiomexd{ fmp`dlcpod{ {}mlme ickmpcp ml zmydxm me clkdfdl y }xolorcpld kdid pmimhod kdexpc ml pm}icxo{id% C{oio{id, {m fc hm) id{xpchd s}m ml mvxpckxd hm zmydxm xomem ckxowohch cexo`oûxokc, b}{xogokcehd }e }{d xmpczï}xokd kdid xpcxc) iomexd hm fmpohc{ y kdid ceclnï{okd% [oe mi`cpnd, ml k}lxowd hml zmydxm m{xã zpdfo`ohd me e}impd{d{ zcé) {m{ hml i}ehd &{dld z}mhm mekdexpcp{m me m{xchd ecx}pcl/% Lc im{kcloec n}cphc }ec m{xpmkfc {mimbcerc s}éiokc kde lc edpchpmecloec, y {m zome{c s}m ckxòc g}ehc) imexclimexm `lds}mcehd ld{ pmkmzxdpm{ chpmeïpnokd{ c eowml kmpm`pcl, dkc{odecehd clxmpckodem{ me lc kde) komekoc y me lc zmpkmzkoûe, zpoekozclimexm zpoekozclimexm c eowml wo{}cl% Me ml zlced z{okdlûnokd, ml kde{}id hm im{kcloec z}mhm nmempcp zcpcedoc{ hmzpm{owc{ y d`{m{owc{, chm) iã{ hm cl}koeckodem{ wo{}clm{% Me ml zlced dpnãeokd, z}mhm czcpmkmp ec}{mc{ y wûioxd{, chmiã{ hm xcs}o) kcphoc y xcs}ozemc% Lc im{kcloec ed kc}{c hmzmehmekoc gé{okc d z{és}okc, eo xcizdkd {m kdedkme kc{d{ hm {éehpdim{ hm c`{xoemekoc%
) 3;: )