discussion for traverse lab reportFull description
Job sheet praktek mesin sepeda motor untuk SMK
3.0 DISCUSSION At the the end end of inve invest stig igat atio ion n thr through ough the the dete deterrmina minati tion on for for the the variation of Hoop and radial stress from the inner to outer radius of the thic c!linder I have "een a"le to mae a num"er of inferences #hich include$ %irst irst of all all ther there e are are di&e di&errence ence "et# "et#ee een n m! '(pe '(peri rime ment ntal al )*raphica )*raphical+ l+ and ,heore ,heoretical tical )Calculat )Calculated+ ed+ values values of hoop and radial stress #hich should have "een the same. ,his is as a result of errors in the e(periment process such as •
•
•
•
•
•
Human factor that is err e rror or as a result of human imperfection- mistaes. 'uipment error in the form of improper- /ac of correct cali"ration and maintenance of the data logger and Digital Dial ,est Indicator. Inconsistent application of lu"ricant )oil+ #ith the oiler and addition of too much pressure from the h!draulic ram during the e(periment. 'rrors 'rrors can result from Inaccurate eroing of the Digital Dial ,est ,est Indicator and data logger and 1ust "efore reading #ere taen especiall! from the digital di gital dial test indicator. indicator. Improper installation-setup of the apparatus such that it is not securel! 2(ed and sta"le to prevent p revent un#anted movement of the apparatus during the e(periment process and lead to an ina"ilit! of attaining accurate results. %rom the graph ) and 4+ and ta"le )5 and 6+ of radial and hoop strain against the penetration7 it can "e seen that as the depth of penetration increases7 that is the more the tapered plug penetrated the c!linder7 the value of the hoop and radial
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strain
inc increase
accordingl!
"ut
this
increase
in
plug
penetration has no relation- e&ect on the internal pressure. •
In addition7 from the graph)5 8 0+ of hoop and radial stresses against radius there9s a noticea"le increase in the hoop and radi radial al str stress ess as the the lines lines rise rise in the the posi positi tive ve dir directi ection on and and nega negati tive ve
dir directi ection on
respe espect ctiv ivel el! !
as
the the
radi radius us
incr increa ease ses s
con2rming that there is an increase hoop and radial stress #ith penetration depth and internal pressure increases. Conseuentl! the radial stress is found to "e the greatest amount amount at the inner radius #hile it is least at the outer radius. ,his is con2rmed to "e s! s!non non!m !mous ous #ith #ith /ame9 /ame9s s theor theorem em of "ound "oundar! ar! condit condition ions s #hich state that$
At the internal radius$ :i ; 8 < )ma(imum stress eual to the internal pressure+ ii. At the e(ternal radius$ : o ; 0 )minimum stress eual to ero i.
•
Also form the ta"le sho#ing the summar! of results for A and = from the graphs ) > ?+ and theoretical calculations7 A and = can
"e
seen to increase accordingl! as the
depth of
penetr penetrati ation on incre increase ased d indica indicatin ting g a simila similarr tren trend d despit despite e the di&erences in values of A and = in "oth cases due to un#anted e(perimental errors. A us usef eful ul appl applic icat atio ion n of this this e(pe e(peri rime ment nt is in the the dist distri ri"u "uti tion on of product )oil7 gas etc+ under high pressure or in the case of pipelines passin passing g throug through h popula populated ted )ur"an )ur"an++ areas areas su such ch as cities cities77 to#ns7 to#ns7 resid resident ential ial areas areas etc "ecau "ecause se the! the! ensur ensure e safet safet! ! "! prote protecti cting ng against leaages and ruptures due to mechanical impact7 overhead
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stored and transported using thic c!linders as the! have the a"ilit! to #ithstand high pressure and impact. Desp Despit ite e the the err errors ors in the the e(per (perim imen ent7 t7 mor more accu accura rac! c! can can "e o"tained "! taing precautions #hich include repeated reading can "e taen taen and and avera average ge values values from from the data data logger logger deter determin mined7 ed7 eroing the digital dial indicator accuratel! "efore reading are taen and ensuring proper lu"rication and pressure pressure from the h!draulic ram during the e(periment.
