Research Project on Doctrine of cy-pres (family law)Full description
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A critical look at Jethro Tull's seminal 1972 album, "Thick as a Brick"--both in terms of the album as a piece of satire and its subsequent cultural responses.Full description
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THICK PRESSURE VESSELS QNo1: A cylindrical shell whose ends are closed is made of steel plate 3mm thick.
The internal length and diameter of vessel is 50cm and 25cm respectively. respectively. Determine the longitudinal and circumferential stress in the cylindrical shell due to an internal uid pressure of 3 !0" #$m2. Also calculate the increase in length% diameter and volume of the vessel. &'200 !0( #$m2 !$m ' 0.3 QNo QNo 2: A thick cylinder of !50 mm outer radius and !00 mm inner radius is su)* su )*ec ecte ted d to an inte interrnal nal pres pressu surre of "0 "0#$ #$mm mm2. +alc +alcul ulat ate e the the maim aimum um and and minimum intensities of circumferential stress across the section. QNo 3: ,rite the epressions for stresses in a thick cylinder under internal uid pressure and plot the stress distri)utions. A thick cylinder with internal radius of cm and eternal radius of !" cm is su)*ected to an internal uid pressure of -0/a. &valua &valuate te the radial radial and circum circumfer ferent ential ial stre stresse sses s at the inner inner and outer outer radii radii of cylinder. Also determine the maimum shear stress in the cylinder wall. QNo 4: A thick cylinder of !00 mm internal radius and !50 mm eternal radius is su)*ec su)*ected ted to an inter internal nal press pressur ure e of "0 #$m #$m2 and an eter eternal nal pressur pressure e of 30 2 MN/m . Determine the hoop and radial stresses at the inside and outside of the cylinder together with the longitudinal stress if the cylinder is assumed to have closed ends. QNo 5: An eternal pressure of 10 #$m2 is applied to a thick cylinder of internal diame diameter ter 160 mm and eter eternal nal diamet diameter er 320 mm. f the maimum hoop stress permitted on the inside wall of the cylinder is limited to 30 #$m2% what maimum internal pressure can )e applied assuming the cylinder has closed ends1 ,hat will )e the change in outside diameter when this pressure is applied1 E ' 207 #$m2% ' 0.2(. QNo 6:. 4a n an eperiment on a thick cylinder of !00 mm eternal diameter and 50 mm internal diameter the hoop and longitudinal strains as measured )y strain gaug auges appl applie ied d to the the outer uter surfa urfac ce of the cyli cylind nder er were ere 260 x and "0 x 2 respectively% for an internal pressure of (0 #$m % the eternal eternal pressure )eing 7ero. 7ero. Determine the actual hoop and longitudinal stresses present in the cylinder if & ' 20- #$m2 an and v ' 0.2(. 0.2(. +ompar +ompare e the hoop stre stress ss value value so o)tain o)tained ed with with the theoretical value given )y the 8ame e9uations. 4) Assuming that the a)ove strain readings were o)tained for a thick cylinder of !00 mm eternal eternal diameter )ut unkonwn internal diameter calculate this internal diameter. QNo QNo 7::ind ind the the thic thickn knes ess s of the the cyli cylind nder er of hydr hydrau auli lic c ram ram of 50 50;m ;mm m inte interrnal nal diameter to with stand an internal pressure of 30 /a.the allowa)le tensile stress is limited to 65pa and allowa)le shear stress is to 60/a. QNo 8: A thick cylinder of 200 mm outside diameter and !60mm inside diameter is su)*ected to internal pressure 60pa and eternal pressure of 26a.Determine the maimum shear stress in the material of the cylinder at the inside diameter. QNo : A thick cylinder of !20 mm outside diameter and !-0mm inside diameter respectively. t is su)*ected to an eternal pressure of ( /a.
/oission=s ratio is 0.3 QNo 11: Determine the ratio of thickness to inner diameter of a tu)e su)*ected to internal pressure if the ratio of the internal pressure to maimum circumferential stress is 0.5 :or such tu)e of 250 mm inside diameter% end cylinder is made of an alloy4&'?2/a%'0.33%has inside diameter of 200mm and outside diameter of -00mm . The cylinder is su)*ected to internal pressure of !50pa.Dtermine the principal stresses and maimum shear stress at a point on the inside surface of a cylinder. Also determine the increase inside diameter due to uid pressure. QNo13: :ind the ratio of thickness to internal diameter for a tu)e su)*ected to an internal pressure when the pressure is 5$- of the value of maimum permissi)le circumferential stress. :ind the increase in diameter of such a tu)e !00mm internal diameter when the internal uid pressure is -0/a.Also
4v 4) f a uid at pressure !2 /a is now introduced in the cylinder%waht will )e the resultant stresses in the cylinder wall1 QNo 20: A steel cylinder of !0 cm internal diameter and !" cm eternal diameter is strengthening )y shrinking another cylinder of the same length on to it. The inside diameter of this cylinder was originally !5.25 cm.
diameter and 25 mm wall thickness onto another tu)e of 250 mm eternal diameter and 25 mm wall thickness% )oth tu)es )eing made of the same material. The stress set up at the *unction owing to shrinkage is !0 #$m2. The compound tu)e is then su)*ected to an internal pressure of -0 #$m2. +ompare the hoop stress distri)ution now o)tained with that of a single cylinder of 300 mm eternal diameter and 50 mm thickness su)*ected to the same internal pressure. QNo 22: ! compound tu)e is made )y shrinking one tu)e of 100 mm internal diameter and 25 mm wall thickness on to another tu)e of 100 mm eternal diameter and 25 mm wall thickness. The shrinkage allowance% )ased on radius, is 0.01 mm. f )oth tu)es are of steel 4with & ' 20- #$m2=% calculate the radial pressure set up at the *unction owing to shrinkage. QNo 23: Two steel rings of radial thickness 30 mm% common radius ?0 mm and length 40 mm are shrunk together to form " compound ring. t is found that the aial force re9uired to separate the rings% i.e. to push the inside ring out% is !50 #N. Determine the shrinkage pressure at the mating surfaces and the shrinkage allowance. & ' 20- #$m2. The coeGcient of friction )etween the *unction surfaces of the two rings is 0.!5. QNo24: 4a A steel sleeve of !50 mm outside diameter is to )e shrunk on to a solid steel shaft of !00 mm diameter. f the shrinkage pressure set up is !5 #$m2%
!. Itate any four assumptions made in 8ame=s theory. 2. ,hat are compound cylinders1 3. DiCerence )etween thick and thin pressure vessels. 6. @ow many types of stresses are developed in thick cylinders1 #ame them 5. A thick cylinder is su)*ected to eternal pressure only. Ihow )y a sketch the variation of radial and circumferential stress 49ualitative across the thickness of the cylinder ". ,hat are the advantages of compound cylinder1 ?. ,hat is compound cylinder1 -. ,hat is shrinkage allowance1
(. ,hat are the resultant stresses1 !0. ,hat would happen if we not give the shrinkage allowance1 !!. ,hat are the hoop stress1 !2. ,rite down the applications of thick cylinders1 !3. ,hat should )e done if we have to make shrink;
1. State Lame’s Theory. 2. What is compound cylinder? 3. What is shrinkage allowance? 4. What are the resultant stresses? . What is the di!erence "etween the thin cylinder and thick cylinders? #. $ow many types o% stresses are de&eloped in thick cylinders? 'ame them. (. What would happen i% we not gi&e the shrinkage allowance? ). What are the hoop stress? *. Write down the applications o% thick cylinders? 1+. What should "e done i% we ha&e to make shrink,-tted cylinder? 2. eri&e an e/pression %or the radial pressure and hoop stress %or a thick spherical shell. 3. What are the di!erent methods o% reducing hoop stresses? 0/plain the terms Wire winding o% thin cylinders and shrinkage one cylinder o&er another c ylinder. 4. What do you mean "y Lame’s euations? $ow will you deri&e these euations? . i!erentiate "etween a thin cylinder and a thick cylinder. ind an e/pression %or the radial pressure and hoop stress at any point in case o% a thick cy linder. #. The hoop stress is minimum at the outer sur%ace and is ma/imum at the inner sur%ace o% a thick cylinder56 pro&e this statement. Sketch the radial pressure distri"ution and hoop stress distri"ution across the section o% a thick cy linder. (. What do you mean "y a thick compound cylinder? $ow will you determine the hoop stresses in a thick compound cylinder?
