A Semi-Detailed Lesson Plan in English III Prepared by: Day 11 I. Learning Objectives Through the thorough discussion. Students should be able to: A. infer shifts in sentences through those given examples ; B. reflect on the importance of the guidelines through giving own examples ; and C. give the necessary corrections needed.
II. Learning Content A. Subject Matter Consistency of Verb Tense
III. Learning Procedure
A. Preparation Motivation 1. Using the Past, Present, Future chart transparency, ask the students to place the following events in the correct column. B. Reference Write the events on the chart as the students suggest where http://owl.english they should go. Students may suggest that some of the events .purdue.edu/hand may belong in more than one column (e.g., baseball season): outs/print/gramm ar/g_tensecEX1.h Past Present Future tml. -My birth -Presidency of -Batch of 2011 C. Materials -December of 2008 Noynoy Aquino Graduates 1. Flow Chart of -Gloria Macapagal -Typhoon Domeng -Panagbenga the guidelines. Arroyo’s presidency Festival 2. Past, Present -First manned space and Future Chart. flight to Venus 3. Improvised -First woman white board for president the examples. 4. Colored Chalks for the verbs in correcting their 2. When the students have placed all the events on the chart, ask tense. some of the students to choose one of the events from one of the columns and compose a sentence/s about it on the paper D. Skills you have asked them to place on their desks. 1. Recognizing Shifts in • Corazon Aquino was the 11th President of the Philippines, the Sentences first woman to hold that office and was known as an icon of through those democracy. examples. • The Panagbenga Festival of Baguio is held during the month of 2. Controlling February, it includes street and float parade. Shifts in • Last December 2008, we went to Canada and spent our
IV. Evaluation
V. Assignment
Check the following sentences for confusing shifts in tense. If the tense of each underlined verb expresses the time relationship accurately, write S (satisfactory). If a shift in tense is not appropriate, write U (unsatisfactor y) and make necessary changes. In most cases with an inappropriate shift, there is more than one way to correct the inconsistency.
Completing Sentences. Rewrite each sentence on your notebook and complete these sentences, using the tense suggested. 1. We stand patiently, hoping that ______________ ______. (use future tense) 2. Advertisers seem to believe that ______________ ________. (use present tense) 3. By the time the fog lifted, ______________ _____________.
Paragraphs by giving the necessary corrections needed. 3. Determining the main tense of the sentence. E. Concepts Using correct verb tense to convey a thought is necessary in writing and speaking. Changes in verb tense help readers understand the relationships among various events. But inconsistent shifts in tense can cause confusion and misunderstandin g. F. Values Be careful in whatever you do or say, to avoid conflicts to arise and as well as chaos.
•
Christmas at the same time we met our relatives there. The newly elected President of the Philippines is Benigno Aquino Jr., son of the late Presidents Corazon and Benigno Aquino Sr. .
3. Ask volunteers to read their sentences, write the verbs from the
sentences on the board. Went Met Hold
U 1. If the club limited its membership, it will have to raise its dues.
Elected U2. While Barbara puts Is in her contact lenses, the telephone B. Presentation rang. 1. When a variety of verbs (past, present, and future) have been listed on the board, ask the students to point out the verbs that U3. tell that something happened in the past, the ones that tell that Thousands of something is happening in the present, and those that tell people will something will happen in the future. see the art Past : Future: exhibit by the Present : -went -was -held time it closes. -Is -met -spent -elected
Held Spent Was
-hold
-is -hold
2. Point out the things to consider in writing sentences, narration or essays. Writing often involves telling stories, whether it is a narration or an anecdote. Even an essay that does not explicitly tell a story involves implied time frames. Changes in verb tense help readers understand the relationships among various events. But inconsistent shifts in tense can cause confusion. Generally, writers maintain one tense for the main discourse and indicate changes in time frame by changing tense relative to that primary tense. Even non-narrative writing should use verb tenses clearly and consistently.
U4. By the time negotiations began, many pessimists have expressed doubt about them. S5. After Capt. James Cook visited Alaska on his third voyage, he is killed by Hawaiian islanders in
(use past perfect tense) 4. We will leave for Florida as soon as ______________ ____. (use present tense) 5. One student keeps repeating what ______________ ____. (use present perfect tense) 6. Yesterday our track team competed in a meet that ______________ _____. (use past tense) 7. Before the crew paves a driveway, they always ______________ ______. (use present tense
1779. 3. Discuss the general guidelines for the consistency of tenses by giving examples and asking questions. 1st guideline: Do not shift from one tense to another if the time frame for each action or state is the same. Examples:
About noon the sky darkened, a breeze sprang up, and a low rumble announces the approaching storm.
a.What do you observe in these sentence in connection to the guideline given? •
The words darkened and sprang up are in past tense, while announces is in present tense.
b.Ask the students to give the correction of the sentence given applying the first guideline and let them explain why their subject is such. •
About noon the sky darkened, a breeze sprang up, and a low rumble announced the approaching storm.
o Darkened and sprang up are past tense verbs; announces is present but should be past (announced) to maintain consistency within the time frame. 2. Yesterday we had walked to school but later rode the bus home.
S6. I was terribly disappointed with my grade because I studied very hard. U7. The moderator asks for questions as soon as the speaker has finished. S8. Everyone hopes the plan would work. S9. Harry wants to show his friends the photos he took last summer. S10. Scientists predict that the sun will die in the distant future.
[habitual action]) 8. Before the crew paves the driveway, they ______________ ________. (use future tense [one-time action]) 9. By the time the letter arrives, ______________ _______. (use future perfect tense) 10. When the final report is published, ______________ _______. (use future tense)
a.What do you observe in these sentence in connection to the guideline given? •
Had walked is past perfect tense but should be past to maintain consistency within the time frame.
b.Ask the students to give the correction of the sentence given applying the first guideline and let them explain why their subject is such. •
Yesterday we walked to school but later rode the bus home.
o
Had walked is past perfect tense but should be past to maintain consistency within the time frame (yesterday); rode is past, referring to an action completed before the current time frame.
3. The ocean contains rich minerals that washed down from rivers and streams.
a.What do you observe in these sentence in connection to the guideline given? •
Contains is present tense and washed down is in past tense.
b.Ask the students to give the correction of the sentence given applying the first guideline and let them explain why their subject is such. •
The ocean contains rich minerals that wash down from rivers and streams.
o
Contains is present tense, referring to a current state; washed down is past, but should be present wash down because the minerals are currently continuing to wash down. 2nd guideline:
Do shift tense to indicate a change in time frame from one action or state to another.
Example: The children love their new tree house, which they built themselves. The children love their new tree house, which they built themselves.
a.What do you observe in these sentence in connection to the guideline given? The word love is present tense and built is in past tense.
•
b.Discuss the structure of the sentence in connection to the 2nd guideline. o
Love is present tense, referring to a current state (they still love it now;) built is past, referring to an action completed before the current time frame (they are not still building it.)
2. Before they even began deliberations, many jury members had reached a verdict.
a. What do you observe in this sentence in connection to the guideline given? •
Had reached is in past perfect and began is past tense.
b.Discuss the structure of the sentence in connection to the 2nd guideline. o
Began is past tense, referring to an action completed before the current time frame; had reached ispast perfect, referring to action from a time frame before that of another past event (the action of reaching was completed before the action of 3. Workers are installing extra loudspeakers because the music for tonight’s concert beginning.) will need amplification. amplification.
a.What do you observe in these sentence in connection to the guideline given?
Are installing is present progressive and will need is future. b.Discuss the structure of the sentence in connection to the 2nd guideline. o Are installing is present progressive, referring to an ongoing action in the current time frame (the workers are still installing, and have not finished ;) will need is future, referring to action expected to begin after the current time frame (the concert will start in the future, and that’s when it will need amplification.) •
C. Generalization Ask volunteers to summarize the lesson or discussion. Consistency of Verb Tense
Using correct verb tense to convey a thought is necessary in writing and speaking, as well as to understand the relations of events or misunderstanding may occur because writers sometimes confuse their readers by changing verb tenses when they should be consistent (keep the same verb tense).
When you write, you need to be particularly careful to pay attention to the verb tenses throughout the entire paragraph. Unnecessary shifts in verb tenses can cause confusion. In constructing sentences there are guidelines that are needed to consider: -Do not shift from one tense to another if the time frame for each action or state is the same. -Do shift tense to indicate a change in time frame from one action or state to another. We should keep verb tense consistent in sentences, paragraphs, and essays.
D. Application Recursion Activity: 1. Give a sentence and the student (you will call) will be the one to continue observing the consistency of the sentence until you said stop.
Teacher: I received my examination paper in Geometry Student(s): and I was shocked at my first look, I didn’t expect that would be the result After all the efforts I spent studying But that’s only for first grading, I would make sure next grading I will really pass the subject. More helpful documents and articles at The Teaching Teacher (www.theteachingteacher.blogspot.com)
